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  • Englisch  (2.001)
  • 2000-2004  (2.001)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (1.782)
  • Birmingham, AL, USA : EBSCO Industries, Inc.
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Japan 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106475
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    AR 30000
    RVK:
    QT 200
    RVK:
    QT 000
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of Japan's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners.  These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106475-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Czech Republic 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016620
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    QX 810
    RVK:
    DV 2830
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czech Republic ; Tschechoslowakei ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of the Czech Republic's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners.  These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016620-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Nuclear competence building (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108516 , 9264108513
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Nuclear Development
    Serie: Nuclear development
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Nuclear competence building
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Développement des compétences dans le domaine de l'énergie nucléaire
    DDC: 621.48071
    Schlagwort(e): Kernenergie ; Nuklearindustrie ; Ingenieure ; Berufsbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Kerntechnische Industrie ; Ingenieurwissenschaften ; Know-how
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108516-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Norway 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020467
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Serie: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    QX 810
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QG 440
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Norwegen ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Kurzfassung: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of Norway's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners.  These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020467-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Modelling Short-term Interest Rates in the Euro Area Using Business Survey Data (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 43-69
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 43-69
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Interest rates play a key role in free market economies. According to the Taylor rule, shortterm interest rates depend on deviations of the current inflation rate from a normative value and of the output gap. Given the difficulty of observing the output gap, we postulate that alternative indicators of pressure on capacity should be monitored, especially those obtained from business surveys. Primarily, our work compares those empirically observed capacity utilization figures (CU) with the difference between actual and potential GDP, and tries to assess monetary policy on the basis of these indicators. The analysis of monetary policy is done in the first case by using a simple single equation framework and in a next step by using a more advanced vector autoregressive model. Given the fact that the survey measure of output gap captures only manufacturing and thus omits the important service sector which has a high share in value added we constructed a more comprehensive measure of capacity utilization (CU*). The new indicator is based on CU in manufacturing industry and on the confidence indicator for services...
    DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2004-art4-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Implications of Convergence for Regulation of Electronic Communications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.83
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Digital technologies and the diffusion of new transmission technologies have increased the number of platforms capable of providing video transmission, and have also altered the traditional characteristics of broadcasting.
    DOI: 10.1787/232632377163
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Systemic Responsiveness in Tertiary Education : An Agenda for Reform (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 73-93
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Capacité d'adaptation générale dans l'enseignement supérieur : Programme de réforme
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 73-93
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Over the last several years the author conducted 126 interviews and held four focus groups with academic staff, administrators and others associated with Australian universities, about the problems and challenges they believed faced the system of tertiary education. Widespread concern and pessimism pervaded the interviews about the future of tertiary education in Australia. Approximately three quarters of the interviewees said that the system was worse, or certainly no better, today than a decade ago; a similar number held out little hope that the system would improve, if not deteriorate further, in a decade. In this article the author outlines what he sees as systemic barriers to change and then offers suggestions for ...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art17-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Hungary : National Health Accounts 2001 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Technical Papers no.5
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary
    Kurzfassung: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the fifth in this series, presenting the Hungarian SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/358115730142
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    DAC Peer Review of Finland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 229-301
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 74 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Finlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 229-301
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Denmark and New Zealand for the review on 17 June 2003. The principal issues covered were explicit attention to poverty reduction, predictable growth to an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% by 2010, a strategy for increased multilateral aid, a clear position on policy coherence for development and increased staff capacity in embassies in partner countries. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art25-en
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Financial Outreach Activities in 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Following the end of the “Cold War”, the OECD has, since the early 1990s, been conducting “Outreach” activities (i.e. cooperation including technical assistance activities with non-Member economies), first with the Central and Eastern European countries in transition and now extending to many economies especially in Asia...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art7-en
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
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    Design Choices in Market Competition for Employment Services for the Long-Term Unemployed (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.21
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Most Western countries have a long tradition of employment service provision by public bodies and non-profit organisations, but not by for-profit organisations. The creation of a quasi-market arrangement is not a simple choice for government. This paper underscores the difficulties and discusses design options. It calls for a complex balancing act between regulation and the creation of room for market competition, between old and new instruments and procedures, and between efficiency and equity. It identifies as two key issues the need to actively create sufficient room for market competition, and the need for "positive creaming" which encourages providers to concentrate their efforts on the most disadvantaged target groups. The paper starts by stating the principles and preconditions for market competition, with a focus on possible quasi-market arrangements for strengthening service provision for the long-term unemployed in Flanders. It sets out four models for contracting with ...
    DOI: 10.1787/643105306337
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
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    Incentives and Accountability : Instruments of Change in Higher Education (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 9-18
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 13 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Incitations et transparence : Les instruments du changement dans l'enseignement supérieur
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 9-18
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Thank you for inviting me to make some concluding remarks at this important conference. My brief is to reflect on the themes of the conference and to bring forth insights of how these ideas play out in different settings. In his instructions to me Richard Yelland, Head of Programme, added that after two days of concentrated discussions on the challenges facing the managers and leaders of higher education institutions, participants would be looking forward to a provocative address on incentives and accountability in higher education...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art2-en
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Capital Stocks, Capital Services and Multi-Factor Productivity Measures (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 163-184
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure des stocks de capital, des services du capital et de la productivité multifactorielle
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 163-184
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Capital services measures have long been recognised as the appropriate concept to capture capital input in production and productivity analysis. However, only few countries’ statistical agencies construct and publish such capital services measures. This paper describes capital services measures developed by OECD and presents estimation methods and results for the G7 countries. By way of example, the consequences of applying capital services measures instead of measures of gross or net capital stocks in the computation of rates of multi-factor productivity growth are examined for three countries, the United States, France and Australia ...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art11-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Coping with Ageing : A Dynamic Approach to Quantify the Impact of Alternative Policy Options on Future Labour Supply in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.371
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: In the face of the substantial ageing of population expected to occur in OECD countries over coming decades, policies that boost labour-force participation attract considerable interest. There remain large cross-country divergences in participation rates that are largely accounted for by differences in participation of specific groups, in particular prime-age women, older workers and also youth. This suggests that policies targeting these groups could have important effects. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the potential impact of several policy reforms is able to attenuate or to offset the adverse trend in aggregate participation rates that would otherwise occur because of ageing population. It uses a simple dynamic modelling framework that generates longer-term projections of participation rates and labour supplies in OECD countries and alternative scenarios of policy reforms. The main outcome of this analysis is that the combined effect of possible reforms targeting ...
    DOI: 10.1787/224538175006
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Managing and Regulating Organisational Change in Nuclear Installations (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Serie: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.5
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Nuclear licensees are increasingly required to adapt to a more challenging commercial environment as electricity markets are liberalised. One of the costs that is often perceived as being amenable to control is staffing, and hence there is significant exploration of new strategies for managing this cost - for example, by reducing staffing levels, changing organisational structures, adopting new shift strategies, introducing new technology or increasing the proportion of work carried out by external contractors. However, if changes to staffing levels or organisational structures and systems are inadequately conceived or executed they have the potential to affect the way in which safety is managed. In this context, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Special Expert Group on Human and Organisational Factors (SEGHOF) organised an international workshop to discuss the management and regulation of organisational change in 2001. This technical opinion paper distils the findings of that workshop and sets out the factors that regulatory bodies might reasonably expect to be addressed within licensees' arrangements to manage organisational change. The paper should be of particular interest to both regulators and managers of nuclear utilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/16a1699e-en
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  • 16
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    Online-Ressource
    Private Health Insurance in OECD Countries : The Benefits and Costs for Individuals and Health Systems (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 125-197 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:125-197
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 125-197
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:125-197
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Governments often look to private health insurance (PHI) as a possible means of addressing some health system challenges. For example, they may consider enhancing its role as an alternative source of health financing and a way to increase system capacity, or promoting it as a tool to further additional health policy goals, such as enhanced individual responsibility. Yet private health insurance is a complex financing mechanism that affects and interacts with public systems in multiple ways. This is why, when assessing the current and potential role for private health insurance, policy makers need to consider the intricate interactions arising between public and private coverage, and the effects that PHI has upon ...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-2004-5lmm3fntkw21
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  • 17
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    Online-Ressource
    Rationalising Public Expenditure in the Slovak Republic (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.384
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: Over the past decade, public expenditure in Slovakia was characterised by substantial social transfers and high public sector wage expenses. This paper analyses the main features of Slovakia’s public expenditure system, reviews expenditure trends, and discusses recent reform initiatives. The latter have concerned the introduction of medium-term budget projections, the switch towards performance-based budgeting, the limitation of extra-budgetary funds, the devolution of spending power to sub-central administrative units, changes to the public employment regime, and reforms of the social security system. These initiatives are critically assessed and a number of recommendations concerning implementation and further reform steps are developed ...
    DOI: 10.1787/764860674818
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  • 18
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Mexico City 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018327
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Territorial Review of Mexico City highlights the region’s great potential for further growth, which is linked to the concentration of headquarters, educational establishments and research facilities, as well as high levels of FDI and rich cultural resources. However, it also reveals that this growth is constrained by low levels of human capital, inadequate infrastructure and widespread, acute poverty. The current governance framework, characterised by modest co-operation, also remains a sticking point for the region’s development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018327-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 19
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    Online-Ressource
    Joint Assessment of Ownership and Partnership in Tanzania : Comparative Review of the Aid Programmes of Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Japan (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 111-176
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Analyse conjointe de l'appropriation et du partenariat en Tanzanie : Examen comparatif des programmes d'aide du Danemark, de la Finlande, de l'Irlande et du Japon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 111-176
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Kurzfassung: This Joint Assessment compares the strengths of four donors in Tanzania, namely Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Japan, as well as the challenges facing them, and makes observations on their aid programmes. The aim of the Joint Assessment of these four donors (2-13 March 2003) was to understand the way in which the implementation of donors’ partnership strategies contributes to country ownership. The paper looks at the challenges for donors posed by the Tanzanian aid co-ordination mechanisms, which strongly promote Tanzanian ownership of the development programme. It concludes with a series of lessons for DAC donors...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art29-en
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    School Property Funding in New Zealand (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/12
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le financement des actifs des établissements d'enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; New Zealand
    Kurzfassung: New Zealand’s special funding system allows state schools a greater level of independence in managing their property compared to most other countries. Schools receive a fixed budget as an entitlement from the three “pots” of the educational property funding structure. The government’s unique use of accrual accounting together with a new Five-Year Property Plan agreement gives schools a high degree of certainty of the property funding available, as well as responsibility for deciding how to modernise their own buildings.
    DOI: 10.1787/606406460144
    URL: Volltext
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
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    South East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth : Bosnia and Herzegovina - Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032248
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (73 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Kurzfassung: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032248-en
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  • 22
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    Online-Ressource
    The United Kingdom's Part-Privately Funded Business Academy Bexley (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/10
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La Business Academy Bexley : Une école britannique à financement semi-privé
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: The Business Academy Bexley is one of the first purpose-built, part-privately funded independent state schools in Europe. As part of the United Kingdoms new approach to raising educational standards in areas of social deprivation and low educational attainment, Bexley was designed to facilitate integration among its students and with local residents and to enrich the learning process.
    DOI: 10.1787/613086010348
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Triadic Patent Families Methodology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/02
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Patent indicators – within the science and technology (S&T) context – are used to measure inventive performance, diffusion of knowledge and internationalisation of innovative activities – across countries, firms, industries, technology areas, etc. A common approach is to calculate patent indicators based on information (filings, grants, etc.) from a particular patent office. While the richness and strength of those indicators are broadly recognised, they are affected by “home” advantage bias – where proportionate to their inventive activity, domestic applicants tend to file more patents in their home country compared to foreign applicants. Patents taken in various countries to protect inventions can be linked together to build triadic patent families: a set of patents taken at the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that share one or more priorities. Patent families are derived from priority application ...
    DOI: 10.1787/443844125004
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
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    Evaluating Montbrillant Lower Secondary School in Switzerland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/06
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Évaluation du cycle d'orientation de Montbrillant en Suisse
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: Does Geneva’s Montbrillant lower secondary school, which has now been in use for one year, meet the objectives targeted when it was designed? Does the new school respond to the needs and expectations of staff and students? Questions such as these serve to evaluate the quality of a school building once in use and tie in with work supported by PEB on post-occupancy evaluation. For the design of Montbrillant, the Geneva authorities promoted specific integrated concepts; to verify to what extent these were successfully incorporated into the building, the author contacted the school’s users, i.e. its management, administrative and technical staff, teachers, and students. Although their overall appreciation was positive, the users expressed dissatisfaction with many aspects of the facilities as described below.
    DOI: 10.1787/620261174032
    URL: Volltext
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  • 25
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    Test No. 430: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071124-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 26
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    The Impact of Exchange Rate Regimes on Real Exchange Rates in South America, 1990-2002 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.396
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on real exchange rates, as defined by the relative price of nontradables to tradables in Argentina, Brazil, Chile (ABC) and Mexico from 1990 to 2002. The real exchange rate is determined in the long-run by the Balassa-Samuelson effect, but in the medium run also by government expenditure and terms of trade. Another determinant is fixed exchange rate regimes, which force exporters to adjust their local price of tradables. Moreover, fixed regimes attract portfolio inflows that increase demand and prices for nontradables. The econometric results of the paper confirm the impact of exchange rate regimes on relative prices in all countries except Chile, which maintained exchange rate flexibly and adopted capital controls ...
    DOI: 10.1787/256327408747
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  • 27
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    Managing University Clinical Partnership : Learning from International Experience (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 63-71
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 12 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gérer le partenariat clinique avec les universités : Leçons tirées de l'expérience internationale
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 63-71
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Dialogue between the leaders of academic clinical organisations in different countries has revealed that the core elements of the partnership between universities and health care systems are remarkably consistent across national boundaries. There is now an impetus to move beyond analysis of common challenges and towards strategies for success that draw on international experience. This paper summarises some of the conclusions that emerged when leaders of teaching hospitals, health care systems, health professional schools and universities met to learn from international experience and to identify strategies for success. The conclusion reached is that these organisations must articulate their unique role in national health systems, communicate their ...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art16-en
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  • 28
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    "Indirect Expropriation" and the "Right to Regulate" in International Investment Law (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/04
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L' "expropriation indirecte" et le "droit de réglementer" dans le droit international de l'investissement
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: It is a well recognised rule in international law that the property of aliens cannot be taken, whether for public purposes or not, without adequate compensation. Two decades ago, the disputes before the courts and the discussions in academic literature focused mainly on the standard of compensation and measuring of expropriated value. The divergent views of the developed and developing countries raised issues regarding the formation and evolution of customary law. Today, the more positive attitude of countries around the world toward foreign investment and the proliferation of bilateral treaties and other investment agreements requiring prompt, adequate and effective compensation for expropriation of foreign investments have largely deprived that debate of practical significance for foreign investors. Disputes on direct expropriation – mainly related to nationalisation that marked the 70s and 80s -- have been replaced by disputes related to foreign investment regulation ...
    DOI: 10.1787/780155872321
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  • 29
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    Mobilising Investment for Development : Role of ODA the 1993-2003 Experience in Vietnam (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/06
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Viet Nam
    Kurzfassung: The Vietnamese economy was in the doldrums in the 1980s and until a certain progress had been made in the context of Doi Moi there was little incentive for businesses to invest. The following reasons are commonly given for the sluggish economic activity: a lack of appropriate infrastructure (causing market disconnectedness even within the country); weak links to the world market; a shortage of skilled labour and managerial capacity; and an inefficient or business unfriendly public administration. ODA to Vietnam was allocated in such a way as to remedy these obstacles and the donors’ well designed strategies are seen as a major factor behind the success of ODA. National ownership, an important feature of ODA programmes, has mostly been strong in ODA to Vietnam. Most of the activities of the past were closely aligned with the Vietnamese government’s development priorities. It should nevertheless be recognised that some ODA projects have aroused little enthusiasm among public ...
    DOI: 10.1787/310312530030
    URL: Volltext
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  • 30
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    Indicators of Unemployment and Low-Wage Traps : Marginal Effective Tax Rates on Employment Incomes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.18
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents results from an on-going joint European Commission / OECD project, aimed at monitoring the direct influence of tax and benefit instruments on household incomes. The project uses and extends OECD tax-benefit models to compute a range of work incentive indicators such as marginal effective tax rates on earned income. This paper provides a methodological background describing these extensions. It also discusses the usefulness of a range of indicators such as net replacement rates and marginal effective tax rates and to what extent they can be used to quantify possible work disincentives. The approaches are illustrated using detailed tax-benefit calculations for 2001 and comparing relevant indicators across 15 EU and 8 non-EU countries. The results presented in this paper permit the identification of family circumstances where (1) financial incentives to increase work are either small or missing altogether; or (2) resources provided by social transfers may be ...
    DOI: 10.1787/137550327778
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  • 31
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Mexico : National Health Accounts 2001 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Technical Papers no.8
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the eighth in this series, presenting the Mexican SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/404131534878
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  • 32
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    Test No. 427: Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071063
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 427; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vivo
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 427: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vivo
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The in vivo percutaneous absorption study set out in this Test Guideline provides the linkage necessary to extrapolate from oral studies when making safety assessments following dermal exposure. The in vivo method, described in this guideline, allows the determination of the penetration of the test substance through the skin into the systemic compartment. The test substance, preferably radiolabelled, is applied, for a fixed period of time, to the clipped skin of animals at one or more appropriate dose levels in the form of a representative in-use preparation. The rat is the most commonly used species. At least four animals of one sex should be used for each test preparation and each scheduled termination time. A known amount of the test preparation is evenly applied to the site. This amount should normally mimic potential human exposure, typically 1-5 mg/cm² for a solid or up to 10 µl/cm² for liquids. A relevant exposure period (typically 6 or 24 hours) should be used, based on the expected human exposure duration. The animals should be observed for signs of toxicity/abnormal reactions at intervals for the entire duration of the study. This study includes: daily measurements (excreta), regular detailed observations, as well as sacrifice at the scheduled time and blood collected for analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071063-en
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  • 33
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    Biotechnology Statistics in OECD Member Countries : An Inventory (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/08
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This document reflects recent efforts made by the OECD to obtain an accurate assessment of the current state of biotechnology statistics in OECD member and observer countries. It is an update of the original document, which was released in 2000. The inventory was prepared by Brigitte van Beuzekom of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, and benefited from contributions of the delegates involved in the OECD Ad hoc Meeting on Biotechnology Statistics. Comments are welcome and should be sent by e-mail to Brigitte van Beuzekom [e-mail: brigitte.vanbeuzekomoecd.org] ...
    DOI: 10.1787/304575100848
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  • 34
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    South East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth : Albania - Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030886
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Albania
    Kurzfassung: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Albania and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030886-en
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  • 35
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    Addressing Market-Access Concerns of Developing Countries arising from Environmental and Health Requirements : Lessons from National Experiences (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.5
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.5
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Répondre aux préoccupations des pays en développement au sujet des mesures environnementales et sanitaires : Enseignements tirés des exemples nationaux
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: This report represents the stock-taking of the lessons learned from a series of twenty OECD case studies which examined specific market access problems arising from environmental and health requirements faced by developing country exporters. Together with a series of UNCTAD case studies and the experiences exchanged at an OECD Global Forum on Trade workshop, held in New Delhi in November 2002, the focus is on the approaches that contributed to addressing the market access difficulties. These are divided into two sections: first, those addressing information flows and capacity building needs of developing-country exporters, undertaken both by governments and non-governmental organisations; and then the procedures in developing, implementing and reviewing regulations and standards. While covering a range of natural resource-based exports and manufactures and one traded service in key OECD import markets, no generalisation can be drawn regarding the scale of the market-access problems created by environmental and health requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/680373044623
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  • 36
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    Detecting Cyclical Turning Points : The ABCD Approach and Two Probabilistic Indicators (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 193-225
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 193-225
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The intricate issue of detecting and forecasting macroeconomic cycles turning points has been once more perfectly illustrated with the global downturn experienced by most countries around the world in 2000-2001. Governments and Central Banks are very sensitive to economic indicators showing signs of deterioration in order to adjust their policies sufficiently in advance to avoid further deterioration or even a recession. These indicators require at least two qualities: they must be reliable and they must provide a readable signal as soon as possible. In this paper, we discuss ...
    DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2004-art12-en
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  • 37
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    Financing Global and Regional Public Goods Through ODA : Analysis and Evidence from the OECD Creditor Reporting System (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.232
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: The present level of ODA falls short of the amount needed to finance the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The figure of additional $50 billion per year, roughly the present total of ODA spent by DAC donors, is often quoted (e.g. by the Zedillo Report); it results from the sum of the fight against communicable diseases ($ 7-10 billion), primary schooling ($10 billion), infant and maternal mortality ($12 billion) and halving world poverty ($20 billion). The scarcity of public resources raises the importance of investing in international public goods as the cost of lifting one person out of income poverty, for example through agricultural research and global trade expansion, is estimated to be much lower than the cost of the same impact through traditional aid to poor countries. This raises important issues for donor strategies, in particular principles of aid allocation, which this paper aims to address. First, should aid be partly earmarked towards international public goods? ...
    DOI: 10.1787/030687754666
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  • 38
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    The Cost of Introducing and Implementing Trade Facilitation Measures : Interim Report (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.8
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.8
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Coûts de l'introduction et de la mise en oeuvre de mesures de facilitation des échanges : Rapport intérimaire
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: This report presents preliminary findings from a series of country surveys on the costs of introducing and implementing trade facilitation measures. It was prepared in response to concerns with respect to the cost implications of a future WTO agreement on trade facilitation and will be complemented in the near future by additional data from a wider range of developing and least-developed countries. The report contains observations with respect to the methodology of assessing trade facilitation costs and highlights common cost features in the various country experiences.
    DOI: 10.1787/143144107523
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  • 39
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    Russia's Gas Sector : The Endless Wait for Reform? (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.402
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: The gas industry is perhaps Russia’s least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the domestic market is dominated by a state-controlled, vertically integrated monopolist, OAO Gazprom. Gazprom combines commercial and regulatory functions, and maintains tight control over the sector’s infrastructure and over information flows within it. The sector as it is currently constituted is highly unlikely to be able to sustain sufficient output growth to satisfy both rising export commitments and domestic demand. There is significant potential for accelerating the growth of non-Gazprom production and making gas supply in Russia more competitive, but this will require fundamental reform. The proposals for reform advanced in the paper address two sets of issues. First, there is an urgent need to increase transparency in the sector and transfer many of the regulatory functions now performed by Gazprom to state bodies. Secondly, there is a longer-term need for a ...
    DOI: 10.1787/735153733318
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  • 40
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    Teaching and Research: Some Framework Issues (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 9-18
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 13 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'enseignement et la recherche : Quelques questions fondamentales
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 9-18
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses some of the framework issues, of policy and provision, which affect the connections between teaching and research in higher education. The presumption of an essential linkage between research and teaching has in recent years been eroded by the sheer quantities of the system. In spite of the enduring appeal of the Humboldtian model, it was not always assumed in the UK and is not assumed in many other systems. The arguments for and against the connection are noted and assessed. The arguments in favour are mainly in terms of the advantages to research; and arguments from teaching are more ...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art13-en
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  • 41
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    Educational Facilities and Risk Management : Natural Disasters (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028340
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques ; Les catastrophes naturelles
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques : Les catastrophes naturelles
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; France ; Greece ; Iceland ; India ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Mexico ; Nepal ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: Earthquakes and other natural disasters are unpredictable, and often deadly. In developed and developing countries alike, the cost in human life and infrastructure is very high. The danger to schools is of particular concern, given the concentration of young people attending them, and schools' broader role in communities -- not the least of which is their common use as places of refuge after an earthquake or other disaster.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028340-en
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  • 42
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    Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment in International Investment Law (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/02
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le traitement de la nation la plus favorisée dans le droit international des investissements
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Bilateral and regional investment agreements have proliferated in the last decade and new ones are still being negotiated. Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) clauses link investment agreements by ensuring that the parties to one treaty provide treatment no less favourable than the treatment they provide under other treaties in areas covered by the clause. MFN clauses have thus become a significant instrument of economic liberalisation in the investment area. Moreover, by giving the investors of all the parties benefiting from a country’s MFN clause the right, in similar circumstances, to treatment no less favourable than a country’s closest or most influential partners can negotiate on the matters the clause covers, MFN avoids economic distortions that would occur through more selective country-by-country liberalisation. Such a treatment may result from the implementation of treaties, legislative or administrative acts of the country and also by mere practice ...
    DOI: 10.1787/518757021651
    URL: Volltext
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  • 43
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    Structural Adjustment in Textiles and Clothing in the Post-ATC Trading Environment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.4
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Ajustement structurel dans les industries du textile et du vêtement dans l'environnement commercial de l'après - ATV
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: This study focuses on the adjustment challenges facing the textile and clothing industries across the globe. The analytical work was initially suggested during informal consultations between the OECD Trade Committee and Civil Society Organisations. It took two years of extensive discussions in the Working Party of the Trade Committee to deepen understanding of the issues and finalise the study...
    DOI: 10.1787/708841647615
    URL: Volltext
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  • 44
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    Growing Research : Challenges for Latedevelopers and Newcomers (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 119-140
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Développer une activité de recherche : Les défis qui attendent les retardataires et les nouveaux venus
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 119-140
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Across OECD countries, governments, policy makers and university managers are examining the future of higher education and questioning the role of educational research. These discussions are taking place against the backdrop that knowledge production and the contribution of higher education to the economy and the prestige and standing of nations is rapidly transforming the once benign higher education system into a competitive market place. Moreover, many governments believe the existing system of funding and/or organisation is no longer sustainable. Should research funding be spread equitably across many institutions or should only a few concentrate on research and the rest focus on teaching and training? If massification was a major force on higher education in OECD countries in the latter half of the 20th century, then competition driven in part by institutional research capacity is playing a similar role in the early 21st century. These forces are influencing in a very directive way how individual institutions are organising and managing themselves. This article looks at the specific challenges faced by new and emerging higher education institutions of growing research from a “fragile base”. In the process, their experiences raise wider questions for both higher education institutions and governments...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art10-en
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  • 45
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    Selecting Indicators for the Quality of Cardiac Care at the Health Systems Level in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Technical Papers no.14
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for cardiac care. Using a structured review process, the panel set out to select indicators to cover five key areas: primary prevention, secondary prevention of heart disease, acute coronary syndromes, cardiac interventions and congestive heart failure. In the event, no suitable indicators for primary prevention were retained, and this report proposes 17 indicators as follows: The report describes the review process and provides a detailed discussion of the scientific soundness and policy importance of the 17 indicators ...
    DOI: 10.1787/230016103828
    URL: Volltext
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  • 46
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    Income-Related Inequality in the Use of Medical Care in 21 OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.14
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This study updates and extends a previous study on equity in physician utilisation for a subset of the countries analyzed here (Van Doorslaer, Koolman and Puffer, 2002). It updates results to 2000 for 13 countries and adds new results for eight countries: Australia, Finland, France, Hungary, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden. Both simple quintile distributions and concentration indices were used to assess horizontal equity, i.e. the extent to which adults in equal need for physician care appear to have equal rates of medical care utilisation. With respect to physician utilisation, need is more concentrated among the worse off, but after “standardizing out” these need differences, significant horizontal inequity favoring the better off is found in about half of the countries, both for the probability and the total number of visits. The degree of pro-rich inequity in doctor use is highest in the US, followed by Mexico, Finland, Portugal and Sweden. In the majority ...
    DOI: 10.1787/687501760705
    URL: Volltext
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  • 47
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    Selecting Indicators for Patient Safety at the Health Systems Level in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Technical Papers no.18
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for patient safety. Using a structured review process, the panel set out to select indicators to cover the five key areas: areas hospital-acquired infections, sentinel events, operative and postoperative complications, obstetrics, and other care related adverse events...
    DOI: 10.1787/800266264370
    URL: Volltext
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  • 48
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    Coincident and Leading Indicators of Manufacturing Industry (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 109-131
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 109-131
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The Swiss Institute for Business Cycle Research regularly conducts business tendency surveys (BTS) amongst manufacturing firms. The information thus generated is available with a publication lead to the official Swiss sales, production, order and inventory statistics. It is shown that the survey data can be used to generate reasonably precise estimates of the reference series with leads of at least one quarter. Specifically, cross-correlations of quarterly series are computed to screen the data for pairs of highly correlated business tendency survey series and corresponding official statistics. All pairs are identified where the maximum correlation shows up simultaneously or with a lead of the survey based series and exceeds a given threshold...
    DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2004-art7-en
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  • 49
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    Funding of Public Research and Development : Trends and Changes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 41-69
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le financement de la R-D publique : Évolution et tendances
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 41-69
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes trends and practices in the funding of public research and development (R&D). It is based on a study which was carried out by the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. The study dealt with several aspects of the governance of public research such as the structures of science systems, priority setting issues, funding and the management of human resources.The paper provides a picture of...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art22-en
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  • 50
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    Report on non-OECD Countries' Spam Legislation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.81
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report on anti-spam legislation in OECD non-member countries was originally prepared for the Brussels OECD Workshop on Spam and was updated following the workshop to include more non-member country information in April 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232723710504
    URL: Volltext
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  • 51
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    DAC Development Partnership Forum : Managing for Development Results and Aid Effectiveness (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 41-71
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Forum des partenaires au développement organisé par le CAD : Pour une gestion axée sur les résultats du développement et l'efficacité de l'aide
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 41-71
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: This part of the publication contains the report on the DAC Development Partnership Forum “Managing for Development Results and Aid Effectiveness” (Paris, 11-12 December 2002). The purpose of the Forum was to bring together donors and partners to discuss experience in results-oriented reforms. The report focuses on the implications of the results agenda on public sector management, measurement and reporting issues, public accountability and Donor/Partner co-ordination...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art22-en
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  • 52
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Switzerland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.383
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Concurrence sur les marchés de produits et performance économique en Suisse
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: The strength of product market competition plays an important role in ensuring dynamic economic growth. This paper examines product market competition and its link with economic performance in Switzerland whose growth has been weaker than in most OECD countries since 1980. It shows that substantial progress in reforming product markets can be made in many areas, which would contribute to reduce the excessive price differential vis-à-vis other countries and stimulate growth. These reforms should focus on the legal framework of competition, the network industries, the health sector, the revision of the Domestic Market Act, agriculture, the restriction on parallel imports and, more generally, the opening up of services to foreign competition ...
    DOI: 10.1787/336304241158
    URL: Volltext
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  • 53
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    Human Reliability Analysis in Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Serie: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.4
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: This technical opinion paper represents the consensus of risk analysts in NEA member countries on the current state of the art of human reliability analysis (HRA) in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) for nuclear power plants. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on HRA status as implemented in industrial PSAs. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
    DOI: 10.1787/4a61f42c-en
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  • 54
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    PSA-based Event Analysis (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Serie: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.6
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: This technical opinion paper provides the reader with a concise description of both the benefits and disadvantages of using probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) to analyse operational events in nuclear power plants in order to facilitate better operator feedback. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on how PSA techniques can be used to address this issue. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
    DOI: 10.1787/e68ed434-en
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  • 55
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    Guidelines for the Protection of Rights of Members and Beneficiaries in Occupational Pension Plans (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Financial Market Trends Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 199-219 | volume:2004 | year:2004 | number:2 | pages:199-219
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 199-219
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2004
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:199-219
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: A central element of the programme of work of the OECD’s Working Party on Private Pensions has been the development of principles of regulation and supervision and guidelines related to the maintenance and oversight of private pension plans and funds. This work has been done in conjunction with the International Network of Pension Regulators and Supervisors (INPRS). The guidelines set forth below specifically address the rights of pension plan members and beneficiaries, an especially vital aspect of any pension programme. The Working Party previously developed and issued in 2000 broad principles applicable to private occupational pensions, titled “Fifteen Principles for the Regulation of Private Occupational Pensions Schemes”1, which were also approved by the INPRS. In 2002 the Working Party issued “Guidelines for Pension Fund Governance.”2 The document, ...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-2004-5lmm3fnr65hb
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  • 56
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    Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making : processes and implications; third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21 - 23 October 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264108262
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Radiation protection
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108264-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 57
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    Pension reform in the Baltic countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 926402106X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Private Pensions Series no.5
    Serie: Emerging economies transition
    Serie: Private pensions series
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Pension reform in the Baltic countries
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264021068-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 58
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019607
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: The International Energy Agency's 2003 comprehensive review of the energy policies and programmes of Finland. This edition finds that the most important development in the Finnish energy sector in recent years has been the construction of a new nuclear power plant. Scheduled to come on line in 2009 with a capacity between 1.0 and 1.6 GWe, the plant is expected to provide needed generating capacity with zero greenhouse gas emissions. The report suggests that the Finnish government should monitor the plant’s progress and stand ready to act should delay or other obstacles arise. Finland uses international trade and other tools to lower energy costs and increase energy security. Greater international co-operation through Nordpool, in international transmission lines and plans for backup power, and efforts to diversify natural gas supply options would reinforce this policy. While Finland’s light-handed approach to regulation has worked well, the report recommends areas of more proactive regulation, especially in the fields of electricity networks and district heating systems. Finland has agreed to keep GHG emissions at 1990 levels during the first Kyoto commitment period, yet projections show a 15% increase in emissions under business-as-usual conditions. Actively integrating international measures such as emissions trading into domestic programmes and more market-based approaches to renewable energy will ease the path towards Kyoto compliance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019607-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 59
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    Learning for Tomorrow's World : First Results from PISA 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264006416
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (478 p.) , ill.
    Serie: PISA
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Apprendre aujourd'hui, réussir demain ; Premiers résultats de PISA 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Lernen für die Welt von morgen; Erste Ergebnisse von PISA 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2003 ; Aprender para el mundo del mañana
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Aprendendo para o Mundo de Amanhã; Primeiros resultados do PISA 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World; First Results from PISA 2003 (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Apprendre aujourd'hui, réussir demain : Premiers résultats de PISA 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Lernen für die Welt von morgen: Erste Ergebnisse von PISA 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2003 : Aprender para el mundo del mañana
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Aprendendo para o Mundo de Amanhã: Primeiros resultados do PISA 2003
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World: First Results from PISA 2003 (Chinese version)
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This report presents the first internationally comparable results to OECD's 2003 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Survey of the educational performance of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics, and science in 25 OECD countries. This year, the concentration was on mathematics. Beyond the examination of the relative standing of countries in mathematics, science and reading, the report also looks at a wider range of educational outcomes that include students’ motivation to learn, their beliefs about themselves, and their learning strategies. Furthermore, it examines how performance varies between the genders and between socio-economic groups; and it provides insights into some of the factors that influence the development of knowledge and skills at home and at school, how these factors interact and what the implications are for policy development. Most importantly, the report sheds light on countries that succeed in achieving high performance standards while, at the same time, providing an equitable distribution of learning opportunities. The report presents a wealth of indicators showing how countries compare in various measures of educational performance and factors that affect that performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264006416-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 60
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    Corporate Governance in Developing, Transition and Emerging-Market Economies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.23
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gouvernance d'entreprise dans les pays en développement, en transition et les économies émergentes
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: • Sound national systems of corporate governance are essential for all countries, including the poorest, to reap the benefits of globalisation. • “Corporate governance” comprises the institutions that govern the relationship between people who manage corporations and all others who invest resources in them. • The quality of local corporate governance critically affects a country’s ability to achieve sustained real productivity growth and the success of its long-term development efforts. • Pyramidal corporate-ownership structures, cross shareholdings and multiple share classes are widely used by corporate insiders in the developing world to extract corporate-control rents, exploit other investors and resist pressures to improve corporate governance. • The power of corporate insiders and their close relationship with those who exercise political power mean that sound corporate governance requires sound political governance, and vice versa.
    DOI: 10.1787/604227826337
    URL: Volltext
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  • 61
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    Institutional Efficiency and its Determinants : The Role of Political Factors in Economic Growth (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106451
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Serie: Development Centre Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'efficience institutionnelle et ses déterminants ; le rôle des facteurs politiques dans la croissance économique
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'efficience institutionnelle et ses déterminants : le rôle des facteurs politiques dans la croissance économique
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Development
    Kurzfassung: New Institutional Economics (NIE) takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding economic phenomena like growth, efficiency and income distribution. The authors of this book attempt to provide an integrated methodology, hitherto lacking in NIE, that analyses both the impact of institutions on economic development and the determinants that shape institutional quality. Using the case of Argentina, they use the analytical framework developed and explained in the book to test their theoretical hypotheses. They find that their concept of institutional quality and their delineation between economic and political institutions work in practice. In addition, their consideration of particular institutions – democracy and autocracy – and their reflections on the impact of “traditional” legal and cultural frameworks add a dimension to the book that gives it a controversial, but stimulating timeliness. At a time when national governments and international institutions are seeking ways to improve governance and accelerate growth, particularly in the poorer countries, this book provides valuable insights for policy makers and those who advise them. It offers convincing evidence about the quality of institutions as a determining factor in development and suggests how such quality might be improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106451-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 62
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    Test No. 312: Leaching in Soil Columns (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070561
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 312; Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 312: Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The method described in this Test Guideline is based on soil column chromatography in disturbed soil. Two types of experiments are performed to determine (i) the leaching potential of the test substance, and (ii) the leaching potential of transformation products in soils under controlled laboratory conditions. At least duplicate leaching columns are packed with untreated, air-dried and sieved soil (〈 2 mm) up to a height of approximately 30 cm. Afterwards they are saturated and equilibrated with an “artificial rain” solution and allowed to drain. Then the surface of each soil column is treated with the test substance (non-volatile in water and soil) and/or with aged residues of the test substance. Artificial rain is applied to the soil columns and the leachate is collected. After the leaching process the soil is removed from the columns and is sectioned into an appropriate number of segments depending on the information required from the study. A reference substance (atrazine or monuron) should be used in the leaching experiments. For each soil segment and leachate fraction, the amounts of test substance, transformation products, non-extractables and, if included, of the reference substance should be given in % of applied initial dose.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070561-en
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  • 63
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    Biometric-based Technologies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.101
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Technologies fondées sur la biométrie
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report is intended to provide an understanding of the benefits and limitations of biometric-based technologies. It also includes information on existing privacy and security methodologies for assessing biometrics.
    DOI: 10.1787/232075642747
    URL: Volltext
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  • 64
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    Achieving High Quality in the Work of Supreme Audit Institutions (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 94 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Papers no.34
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses primarily on the issue of how to achieve high quality in the audit process. In addition to describing the types of procedures needed to achieve quality, however, it discusses basic principles and those matters of institutional management that create an environment that encourages high quality in an SAI’s work. Audit quality is obtained by a process of identifying and administering the activities needed to achieve the quality objectives of an SAI. All types of SAIs need to understand the benefits that can be realised once audit quality is made a top priority. Improving audit quality requires a systematic SAI-wide approach. Piecemeal efforts by individuals and individual audit teams are not enough and will not work. There are no quick fixes to be obtained where audit quality is concerned. SAIs need to proceed methodically in an organised way to fix each quality issue and problem in turn. As new problems will always emerge, this should be a continuous process for the SAI. It is also evident that most audit quality-related problems are mainly the result of poor management of the audit process or of the SAI itself. Ensuring high levels of quality in an audit organisation involves a succession of detailed steps that must be taken over a period of time. In fact, it is a never-ending process of continual improvement. The first requirement is to define the standards of quality and then to put quality control procedures in place that will ensure that these standards are met. These procedures need not – and should not – suppress the initiative and good judgement of the auditor in adapting to particular circumstances. However, if the auditor judges that it is necessary to depart from the usual audit techniques, it is incumbent upon the auditor to demonstrate the necessity of doing so, and to show that the approach he or she has chosen is capable of satisfying the audit objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml60v9gsd6-en
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  • 65
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    DAC Reflection on Reconstruction in Iraq (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-42
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Réflexion du CAD sur la reconstruction en Irak
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-42
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Iraq
    Kurzfassung: This part provides the background paper, the agenda and the summary of the OECD DAC meeting ‘Reflection on Reconstruction in Iraq’, held in Paris on 21-22 July 2003. The reflection provided a forum for an informal exchange of views on the challenges to relief, recovery and reconstruction in Iraq...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art27-en
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  • 66
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    Preventing Market Abuses and Promoting Economic Efficiency, Growth and Opportunity (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 7-108
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 100 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Prévention des abus sur le marché et promotion de l'efficacité économique et de la croissance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 7-108
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Effective competition law and policy are critical to achieving greater levels of economic efficiency, growth, employment and living standards. Pro-competitive reform and sound competition law enforcement have delivered dramatic price reductions, a proliferation of new products, superior quality and service and enhanced innovation wherever they have been embraced. Perhaps more importantly, they have strong links with key pillars of economic growth and development such as investment, governance, the cultivation of an entrepreneurial class, privatisation and trade. Achieving a better appreciation and understanding of these benefits and links is essential to making continued progress in removing ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v6-art2-en
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  • 67
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    Public Expenditure Management in France (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.409
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La gestion des dépenses publiques en France
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; France
    Kurzfassung: Since the early 1990s, when France's general government deficit reached a disturbing 6 per cent of GDP, the country's public finances have progressed substantially, even though significantly further improvement is required. This paper examines the tools available to policy-makers to meet this challenge. The clearest message is that, given the relatively small size of the State Budget in total spending, the challenge cannot be met by the State sector alone. Social security, as the principal source of spending pressure, must play a role, but so too must sub-national government -- especially if current plans to transfer additional responsibilities to the local level go through. If policy-makers are to succeed in directing public expenditure so as to create this room, they will have to clarify governance structures so that those who administer programmes face appropriate incentives to control costs and maximise programme efficiency ...
    DOI: 10.1787/025421300220
    URL: Volltext
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  • 68
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    ICT, E-Business and Small and Medium Enterprises (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.86
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les TIC, le commerce électronique et les PME
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCs and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes. As is the case with all technologies, small businesses are slower than large ones to adopt new ICTs. Commercial considerations and potential returns are the principal drivers of small business adoption and profitable use. Principal reasons for non-adoption are lack of applicability and little incentive to change business models when returns are unclear. SMEs also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills, technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/232556551425
    URL: Volltext
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  • 69
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    Is There a Change in the Trade-Off Between Output and Inflation at Low or Stable Inflation Rates? : Some Evidence in the Case of Japan (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.379
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the relationship between the output gap and inflation in Japan by estimating Phillips curves and testing for changes since the advent of low inflation and/or the stabilisation of the rate of change of inflation. The work provides empirical support for the hypothesis of a change in the relationship between output and inflation in an environment of low inflation for Japan. In particular, there is evidence that the slope of the Phillips curve becomes flatter when the inflation rate is below ½ per cent (quarter-on-quarter, non-annualised) and also that there has been a break in the relationship between demand pressures and inflation in Japan since the beginning of the 1990s. Evidence is also found that the relationship changes when the inflation rate is either rising rapidly or falling sharply. At such times, changes in demand pressure have stronger effects on inflation. These results are robust to a wide range of specifications, including corrections for the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/685810855735
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  • 70
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    The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework : Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101739
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Serie: PISA
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 ; connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 ; Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version); Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 : connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 : Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version): Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: PISA 2003 Assessment Framework – Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills presents the conceptual underpinnings of PISA 2003 assessments. Within each assessment area, the volume defines the content students need to acquire, the processes they need to perform, and contexts in which knowledge and skills are applied.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101739-en
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  • 71
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    Debris impact on emergency coolant recirculation : workshop proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, United States, 25 - 27 February 2004; a joint report by the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264006672 , 9789264006676
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Nuclear Safety
    Serie: Nuclear safety
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Debris impact on emergency coolant recirculation
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264006676-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 72
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    Supervising private pensions : institutions and methods (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264016988
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Private Pensions Series no.6
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: Private pensions series
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Supervising private pensions
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016989-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 73
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    Performance Indicators : Accountable to Whom? (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 41-48
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 11 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Indicateurs de performance : À qui faut-il rendre des comptes?
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 41-48
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: In this paper the author examines the implementation of key performance indicators in Canadian post-secondary education institutions. More specifically he charts their implementation from the perspective of students and the effect they have on the quality and delivery of education. Key performance indicators (KPI) in Canada are administered by the ten provincial governments. In each of the jurisdictions in which they have been introduced KPIs have tied various forms of institutional performance to core funding and capital funding allocation.The paper offers a comparative analysis of how certain criteria are promoted by the establishment of KPIs. It examines the introduction of KPIs in three provinces: Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. In each case the complex set of politics and institutional relations at stake in the establishment of KPIs are examined. A comparative examination of each case provides signposts for best practices as well as instructive lessons in where and how quickly the very definition of accountability becomes a highly politicised term of contention. Finally, the paper makes proactive policy suggestions, from the standpoint of students, about the criteria that should be used in the establishment of KPIs. At all points the paper (re) inserts the perspective of students into the ongoing dialogue about accountability and the changing identity of higher education....
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art5-en
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  • 74
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    DAC Peer Review of Denmark (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 149-227
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 80 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Danemark
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 149-227
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Denmark
    Kurzfassung: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Luxembourg and Portugal for the Peer Review on 22 May 2003. The principal issues covered were the maintaining of Danish development co-operation leadership, the further untying of aid, holding the line on Danish ODA funding levels, maintaining a strategic geographic and sector focus, broadening Danish capacity in support of policy coherence, empowering the field missions and finding operational approaches to results-based management. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art24-en
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  • 75
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    Media Mergers: Summary of the Discussion (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 147-170
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les fusions dans les médias : Compte rendu de la discussion
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 147-170
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: The Chairman made three general opening points: market definition is an important issue in most jurisdictions, and seems to be fairly similar across countries; behavioural remedies are heavily used and are highly case specific; and competition authorities are wrestling with the relationship between competition and pluralism issues but generally try to avoid it. Some competition authorities believe that promoting competition in itself promotes pluralism so nothing else is needed from competition authorities. Some contributions note, however, that competition authorities are criticised for ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art17-en
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  • 76
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    Generic Top Level Domain Names : Market Development and Allocation Issues (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.84
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The Domain Name System’s need to have unique identifiers, and a consequent need for there to be a single registry for each name, means that any registry can exercise a degree of monopoly power over the domain for which it has responsibility.
    DOI: 10.1787/232630011251
    URL: Volltext
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  • 77
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    Institutional Autonomy Versus Government Control The New University Act in Austria (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 19-26
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 11 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Autonomie institutionnelle ou tutelle gouvernementale ? La nouvelle loi sur les universités en Autriche
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 19-26
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Austria
    Kurzfassung: Following prolonged discussion, the Austrian government has passed a new University Act which will provide universities with a semiautonomous status. The reform is the most incisive change of the university system for the past 150 years and has been preceded by an equally momentous change in the status of the teaching faculty and staff, all future appointments no longer providing civil servant status any more. Major points in discussions between the Rectors Conference, the organizations representing the professoriate and staff, and the Ministry have been the balance of power between the institutions, representatives from outside, and the Ministry, as well as the amount of control to be exercised by the Ministry. In the view of the institutions, the legislation is heavily weighted towards the latter leaving too little room for initiatives from the faculties and participation in the central steering groups....
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art3-en
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  • 78
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Norway (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.389
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Norway
    Kurzfassung: Norwegian growth has been strong over the past decade. This development has been supported by the off-shore sector, but depleting oil reserves implies that growth will have to rely increasingly on the mainland economy. Empirical work shows that competition is important for promoting economic growth. Recognising the benefits of competition, the government wants to introduce regulatory reforms to stimulate economic growth. However, the promotion of competition has often conflicted with other policy objectives, such as maintaining a regionally dispersed population and a high degree of public ownership. This has lead to weak competition in a number of sectors, resulting in high prices, weak innovative activity and inefficient resource allocation. Reforms to promote product market competition in Norway should therefore inter alia focus on separating the public sector’s roles and functions as owner and regulator. This requires an increase in the independence of sector ...
    DOI: 10.1787/610454227534
    URL: Volltext
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  • 79
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    Media Mergers: Background Note (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 79-146
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 69 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les fusions dans les médias : Note de référence
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 79-146
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: The question of who owns our newspapers, television and radio is vital to democracy. The information and opinion we draw on must reflect a range of different voices and views if we are to be able to understand and debate the issues of the day. The Government’s task is to create a framework for media ownership which protects that plurality of voices and encourages a diversity of content whilst, at the same time, promoting the most competitive market for media businesses and attracting new investment ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art16-en
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  • 80
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    Philanthropic Foundations and Development Co-operation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 73-148
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 77 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Fondations philanthropiques et coopération pour le développement
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 73-148
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Philanthropic foundations have made important contributions to development, particularly in agriculture, family planning and infectious diseases control. The most effective interventions have been long-term investments that were based on vision and sound scientific understanding, and were well integrated with local capacities. Foundations’ total expenditure on developmental activities is now about $3 billion annually, mostly from large U.S. foundations. Foundations are increasingly involved in public-private partnerships whose activities range from crop and disease research to improving insfrastructure, especially water supply. They have also evolved innovative approaches to building democratic life in developing countries. Better information exchange with official aid agencies and appropriate fiscal encouragement of their activity can help maximise foundations’ future development contributions...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art23-en
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  • 81
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    Asset Price Cycles, "One-Off" Factors and Structural Budget Balances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.391
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses two factors which may cause cyclically-adjusted budget balances to give a misleading picture of underlying fiscal trends. It first explores the implications of recent large asset-market related fluctuations in government revenues for the measurement of structural budget balances. And second, it reviews the impact of the increased recourse to stopgap “one-off” measures to control deficits. The results confirm that since the late 1990s revenues have been more buoyant than would have been warranted by the registered rate of nominal output growth and the impact of tax measures. The study suggests that from 1995 to 2000 the average contribution of “unwarranted” revenues to year-to-year changes in cyclically-adjusted budget positions ranged from negligible to around ½ per cent of GDP, the main countries affected being the United States, the United Kingdom, France and some Nordic countries. Conversely, the subsequent decline in tax receipts has been sharper than could ...
    DOI: 10.1787/305051767827
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  • 82
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    Media Mergers : Synthesis by the Secretariat (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 73-78
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 7 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les fusions dans les médias : Synthèse par le Secrétariat
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 73-78
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Reviewing media mergers may be more complicated than reviewing other mergers because of the huge variety of possible media content and the two-sided market aspect of many media, i.e. those earning advertising revenue. A wide variety of content means that market definition is rendered more complex. The twosided market characteristic has important and sometimes far from obvious impacts on how mergers affect economic efficiency, media plurality and content diversity...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art15-en
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  • 83
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    Competition Policy in Subsidies and State Aid (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 109-173
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 63 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Concurrence, subventions et aides d'État
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 109-173
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Many sectors of OECD economies are strongly influenced by government policies, which provide financial support, assistance or aid to individual firms in an industry. Subsidies like regulations maybe either beneficial or harmful, either promoting welfare or distorting competition, depending on the circumstances. A roundtable discussion held in the Competition Committee in February 2001 focused on subsidies which arise whenever an enterprise or a consumer receives a benefit whose cost is wholly or partly, directly or indirectly, paid by the state. The roundtable discussed notably the different forms of control, and how they distinguish legitimate from illegitimate subsidies; it explored as well the nature of these controls, and in particular to what extent they are part of a broader system of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v6-art3-en
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Overcoming Barriers to Competitiveness (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.239
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Raising manufacturing productivity is of central importance to the developing world and an essential element of policy making. Overcoming Barriers to Competitiveness is about establishing the most reliable analysis of manufacturing productivity possible and helping policy makers set their priorities. The paper demonstrates that productivity rests on five elements of the economy: infrastructure, capital, trade, education and aggregate efficiency. These factors, when multiplied together, give a true picture of a country’s situation on the productivity “league table”. More than a simple comparison, this ranking system allows the identification of which elements in each particular national or regional case require most attention. This approach can be viewed as another way of addressing the so-called “competitiveness problem” of poor countries. It does not say, however, that other areas can be totally neglected; one of the main points of the paper is that all five elements have to be ...
    DOI: 10.1787/580345651778
    URL: Volltext
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Meeting Place to Learn in Rural Iceland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/02
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Un lieu de rencontre où l'on apprend dans l'Islande rurale
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Iceland
    Kurzfassung: “On the day we heard that there was agreement to establish an upper secondary school in the region, every house in Snaefellsnes flew the Icelandic flag,” explained one parent in the first workshop to develop the Snaefellsnes Upper Secondary School. The new school in this rural Icelandic region will be a “meeting place to learn” for students aged 16 to 20.
    DOI: 10.1787/628345550623
    URL: Volltext
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  • 86
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    The Performance of Financial Groups in the Recent Difficult Environment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The past few years were characterised by an economic downturn, a substantial stock market correction from March 2000 to March 2003, financial asset deterioration, record corporate default rates, the Argentina sovereign default and several natural and man-made catastrophes, including most notably the September 11 attacks. Against this background, the present note looks at the performance of financial groups during this period. The recent decade has seen the formation of an increasing number of such groups, although some have argued that, ex post, the benefits associated with the formation of such groups may have been smaller than initially thought. The note concludes that financial groups have been quite resilient in the face of these various shocks, which is reflected in their equity market valuations...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art3-en
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  • 87
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    Online-Ressource
    Services Trade Liberalisation : Identifying Opportunities and Gains (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 136 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.1
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Libéralisation des échanges de services : Identification des possibilités et des avantages
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: This study has two components: identification of concrete examples of services exports by developing countries, and quantitative studies on the gains from services liberalisation. While the study is by no means comprehensive, and is subject to many limitations, two fundamental findings emerge. The first of these findings, documented in Part I of the study, is that there is clear evidence that developing countries have important service sector export interests beyond mode 4 (temporary movement of services supplying personnel), being global or regional players in sectors such as business services (out-sourcing), port and shipping services, audiovisual services, telecommunications, construction services and health services. The second of these findings, documented in Part II of the study, is that for most countries, including many developing countries, export-related gains from services liberalisation are neither the only nor the largest basis of expected gains. A large portion of benefits from services liberalisation derive, not from seeking better market access abroad, but from the increased competitiveness and efficiency of the domestic market. Together, the study’s two findings underscore the potential benefits of services liberalisation, both for developed and for developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/710267064875
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  • 88
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    Online-Ressource
    Peer to Peer Networks in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.82
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The number of people logged on simultaneously to popular file sharing networks approached close to 10 million in April 2004, a rise of 30% from the same period a year earlier, according to this new OECD report.
    DOI: 10.1787/232717003357
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  • 89
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    Online-Ressource
    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Poland : National Health Accounts 1999 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Technical Papers no.10
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the tenth in this series, presenting the Polish SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/424841544126
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Competition and Regulation Issues in Telecommunications : Country Contributions (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 171-171
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Questions de concurrence et de réglementation en matière de fusions dans les médias : Contributions par pays
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 171-171
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This section lists the 17 country contributions to the discussion of media mergers.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art18-en
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  • 91
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    Managing Request-Offer Negotiations Under the GATS : The Case of Legal Services (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.2
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Organisation des negociations fondées sur le principe des "offres et requêtes" dans le cadre de l'AGCS : Le cas des services juridiques
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: This study forms part of on-going OECD work on trade in services, in co-operation with UNCTAD, aimed at assisting WTO Members in managing request-offer negotiations under the GATS. The key objective is to help officials of WTO Members in both gaining a greater insight into the particular issues of importance in the legal services sector and how they might be approached in the negotiations. While only modest liberalisation of legal services trade was achieved during the Uruguay Round, the current negotiations offer the opportunity to achieve greater levels of liberalisation, which may lead to significant economic benefits to all countries. In addition, the peculiar characteristic of legal services is that the potential downsides stemming from liberalisation — both in terms of market failures to achieve social objectives and of the displacement of local suppliers — are likely to be less significant in these services.
    DOI: 10.1787/828686816540
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Review of Sectoral Reforms in the United Kingdom : Energy and the Professions (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 175-290
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 117 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examen des réformes sectorielles au Royaume-Uni : Énergie et professions libérales
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 175-290
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the institutional set up and use of policy instruments to regulate the gas and electricity sectors and the liberal professions in the United Kingdom. In the energy sector, the pace and scope of reform have been, and is prospectively, very rapid. However, there are still some tensions between the energy regulator and the competition authority, and some specific energy regulatory issues arise from the extension of market frameworks into areas previously controlled by traditional natural monopoly regulation. Also the interface of energy market regulation and social and environmental issues appears partly blurred. The report focuses as well on Professions, a significant component of the services sector, which is thriving in the UK. It discusses the process and outcomes from the recent extension of the UK competition law to cover professions, which ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v6-art4-en
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  • 93
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    Online-Ressource
    An Emerging Knowledge-Based Economy in China? : Indicators from OECD Databases (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 77 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/04
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: This paper shows that China is catching up rapidly with other dynamic Asian economies and the Triad economies on a score of indicators relating to the knowledge-based economy. Taking into account that a number of measurement issues hamper international comparability to varying degrees, some of the main results are the following. • Economic growth in China has outpaced the other economies substantially. Nevertheless, GDP per capita is still considerably smaller than that of the other economies. • The main contributor to GDP in China is industry (mining; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water supply; and construction), which saw its share rise by 10 percentage points to 52% between 1990 and 2002. • Trade in goods as a percentage of GDP doubled between 1990 and 2002, reaching a level well above that of the Triad economies. The largest contribution to this expansion was made by...
    DOI: 10.1787/256502026705
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  • 94
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    Online-Ressource
    Detailed Review Document on Classification in OECD Member Countries of Substances and Mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079106
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.41
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079106-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Bosnia and Herzegovina - State Level (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.16
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: In its present borders, Bosnia-Herzegovina was created on 25 November 1943 at a session of Tito’s Communist Party, the winning party after the Second World War. After the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was created in 1945, Bosnia-Herzegovina existed as one of its six republics for nearly 50 years. In the early 1990s, the events in former Yugoslavia and consequently in Bosnia-Herzegovina started to multiply at a dramatic speed. After the referendum, which was boycotted by the majority of the Bosnian Serbs and endorsed by Bosniaks and the Bosnian Croats, Bosnia-Herzegovina declared independence on 1 March 1992, but the existence of the newly proclaimed state was short – the war started the following month. The beginning of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina saw two sides at war with each other: on one side were Bosnian Croats and Bosniaks and on the other Bosnian Serbs. However, throughout 1993, Bosnian Croats and Bosniaks fought also heavily with each other. In March 1994, under U.S. pressure, fighting between Bosniaks and Croats ended, with the two sides agreeing to establish a federation on the territory they controlled (the ‘Washington Agreement’). They then joined forces against the Bosnian Serbs who lost ground to the offensive and endured NATO strikes in August 1995.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmk17zq70r8-en
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  • 96
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    Online-Ressource
    Dementia Care in 9 OECD Countries : A Comparative Analysis (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.13
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Dementia and its most common manifestation, Alzheimer’s disease, is a complex disorder that afflicts primarily the elderly, affecting an estimated 10 million people in OECD member countries. The complexity of the disease makes treating dementia extremely difficult, involving a wide variety of social and health care interventions. Typically, these two aspects of dementia care are examined separately. This paper adopts a conceptual model that examines both types of interventions and how they interact along the dementia care continuum. There are no effective health care treatments for stopping dementia, which is why the social care aspect plays an important role in treating the disease, with family members an integral part of this process. This paper shows that programs designed to help alleviate the burden of family members caring for a relative with dementia can have positive health benefits to both patient and family. In particular, the use of group-living, where dementia ...
    DOI: 10.1787/485700737071
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  • 97
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    Online-Ressource
    Labour Force Participation of Women : Empirical Evidence on The Role of Policy and Other Determinants in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 51-108
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 60 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les femmes sur le marché du travail : Évidence empirique sur le rôle des politiques économiques et autres déterminants dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 51-108
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the determinants of female labour force participation in OECD countries. The econometric analysis uses a panel data set covering 17 OECD countries over the period 1985-1999, and distinguishes between part-time and full-time female participation rates. It shows a positive impact on female participation of a more neutral tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leave. On the other hand, child benefits reduce female participation due to an income effect and their lump-sum character. Female education, the general labour market conditions, and cultural attitudes remain major determinants of female participation. Simulations illustrate the potentially significant impact that some of the examined policies could exert on female participation ...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art9-en
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  • 98
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    Online-Ressource
    Information and Communication Technologies : A Tool Empoweringand Developing the Horizon of the Learner (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 31-61
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Technologies de l'information et de la communication : Un outil performant qui ouvre des perspectives à l'apprentissage
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 31-61
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: In this article, we focus on the implementation and development of ICT in the education sector, challenging and developing the traditional learning environment whilst introducing new educational tools including e-learning. The paper investigates ICT as a tool empowering and developing learners lifelong learning opportunities. It defines a model of ICT development and identifies three core development stages through which basic skills, ICT skills, and lifelong learning skills are acquired. The paper further gives a description of the ICT impact on labour and education markets, the current state of development of ICT at school in EU and the needs for further investment in this area. The findings of this paper suggest that such investment is likely to have positive effects when geared towards blended learning approaches built on comprehensive policy ...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art15-en
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  • 99
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    Gestalt Revisited : Spin-offs and Assessment in International University Co-operation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 65-82
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 21 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La Gestalt revisitée : Retombées et évaluation de la coopération universitaire internationale
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 65-82
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: International university co-operation is in a constant state of metamorphosis. Its future rests upon extraneous forces such as globalization and internationalization and also upon those who make policy decisions. Many international university organizations are auditing their programs and initiatives to such a degree that the cost effectiveness of such quality control measures are put into question. Institutional leaders are often forced to contend with low morale, trying their best to bolster a sense of hope, meaning and potential to international initiatives that are more likely to be financially sound than altruistic. Although current data suggest that bottom-top approaches to international co-operation are more likely to withstand the changes of time, it is often left to top-bottom directives to set a course for action. Drawing upon a specific and recently updated research study, this paper examines salient programs and initiatives that would otherwise not exist had it not been for certain policy makers who have actively advocated and promoted international university co-operation. It is in this vein that Wertheimer’s Gestalt approach is re-examined....
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art7-en
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  • 100
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    Saving Behaviour and the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.397
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the extent to which fiscal policy actions may be offset by simultaneous, anticipatory changes in private saving, as well as the determinants of that offset. The conditions under which private agents will engage in forward-looking consumption-smoothing behaviour are quite strict and unlikely to hold fully in practice. However, based on a sample of at most 21 OECD countries spanning the period 1970-2002, there is strong evidence of partial, yet substantial, offsetting movements in aggregate private and public saving. The overall offset is estimated at between about one-third and one-half, depending on model specification, and applies both to public consumption and revenue shifts. This is consistent with a marked degree of anticipatory private sector behaviour, insofar as the ex ante saving “leakage” embedded in the pure Keynesian or IS/LM type models would be expected to be smaller and apply only to revenues and transfers. Wealth effects, as in the case of rising equity and housing prices, are found to have an important complementary impact on saving, usually in reinforcing the direct saving offset. Initial conditions, as reflected in debt/GDP ratios are also found to influence the size of the offset.
    DOI: 10.1787/335042602762
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