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  • English  (368)
  • 2005-2009  (368)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (368)
  • Birmingham, UK : Packt Publishing
  • Rotterdam : SensePublishers
  • Governance  (297)
  • Energy  (72)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Control and Management of Government Expenditure (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Public expenditure control has become a central element of economic policy in many countries. This report analyses budget practices and some recent innovations from the point of view of senior public servants in the central budget offices of nineteen OECD Member countries. It also summarises the institutional framework and procedures governing budgeting in each of these countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076822-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empowering Variable Renewables Options for Flexible Electricity Systems (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077201
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: A number of renewable electricity technologies, such as wind, wave, tidal, solar, and run-of-river hydro share a characteristic that distinguishes them from conventional power plants: their output varies according to the availability of the resource. This is commonly perceived to be challenging at high shares, but there is no intrinsic, technical ceiling to variable renewables’ potential. Variability has to be looked at in the context of power system flexibility: if a power system is sufficiently flexible, in terms of power production, load management, interconnection and storage, the importance of the variability aspect is reduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077201-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Measures of Energy Efficiency Performance and their Application in Industry (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039544
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This paper explores different measures of energy efficiency performance (“MEEP”) and considers the importance of so-called boundary definitions when measuring energy performance, and how these affect the appropriateness of country comparisons to guide policy decisions. The paper also addresses the limitations of both energy intensity and technology diffusion indicators as measures of energy efficiency performance. A case study on Japan’s iron and steel industry illustrates the critical role of proper boundary definitions for a meaningful assessment of energy efficiency in industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039544-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide capture and storage ; Energietechnik ; Finanzierung ; Gesetz ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Szenario ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Internationale Kooperation ; Umweltpolitik ; Global Kohlendioxid-Abscheidung und -Lagerung ; Energietechnik ; Finanzierung ; Rechtliche Regelung ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Szenario ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Internationale umweltpolitische Zusammenarbeit ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: This energy technology roadmap on carbon capture and storage (CCS) identifies, for the first time, a detailed scenario for the technology’s growth from a handful of large-scale projects today to over three thousand projects by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for CCS; governments, industry and public stakeholders must act rapidly to demonstrate CCS at scale around the world in a variety of settings. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions that stakeholders will need to take to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088122-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cogeneration and District Energy : Sustainable energy technologies for today... and tomorrow (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Combined heat and power and district heating and cooling (DHC) represent a series of proven, reliable and cost-effective technologies that are already making an important contribution to meeting global heat and electricity demand.This report follows the March 2008 report that hightlighted the energy, economic and environmental benefits of CHP and DHC (IEA, 2008). That report also provides a technical introduction to CHP/DHC and describes its global status and potential.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077171-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This comprehensive review analyses the energy challenges facing the Netherlands in 2008 and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It urges the government to provide policy continuity – such as in promotion regimes for renewable energy – to underpin a sustainable investment climate. It also highlights the need for closer co-ordination among national, regional and local authorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043404-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: China 2009 : Defining the Boundary between the Market and the State (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059429
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Chine 2009 ; Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Chine 2009 : Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    DDC: 330.951
    RVK:
    QG 860
    Keywords: Regulierung ; China ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Reformpolitik ; Systemtransformation ; Demokratisierung ; Governance ; China ; China ; Regulierung
    Abstract: China has made enormous progress in developing the modern legal and regulatory foundation for the market economy. The private sector is now the main driver of growth, and new laws have gone a long way toward establishing private property rights, competition, and mechanisms for entry and exit comparable to those of many OECD countries. At the same time important challenges remain, including further clarification of the scope of state ownership, reform of relations among central and local governments, firmer establishment of the rule of law, and strengthening of regulatory institutions and processes. This review of China's regulatory system focuses on the overall economic context for regulatory reform, the government’s capacity to manage regulatory reform, competition policy and enforcement, and market openness. The review also examines the regulatory framework in the electricity, water and health care sectors. As for OECD countries, the review follows a multidisciplinary and highly interactive approach. A number of OECD instruments and policies are used in this assessment, although the review also takes into account the specific challenges faced by the Chinese authorities. The review includes a comprehensive set of policy recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059429-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Luxembourg 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043428
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: The Inernational Energy Agency's periodic review of Luxembourg's energy policies and programmes. It analyses the energy challenges facing Luxembourg and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. Since the last review in 2004, Luxembourg has reformed its energy policies across all sectors, has fully liberalised its electricity and natural gas markets, and is actively participating in the development of the evolving Central West European regional electricity system. Luxembourg has also prepared a broad action plan on energy efficiency, improved the support system for renewable energy sources and revised taxes to mitigate climate change. The country’s energy policy in the coming decade will be shaped by the EU 2020 targets that call for substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and strong increases in renewable energy and energy efficiency. These targets will be hard to meet, given that roughly half of energy-related CO2 emissions come from transport fuel use by foreign truckers and motorists, and that Luxembourg’s potential for producing much more renewable energy is limited. Luxembourg is heavily dependent on oil. Although oil sources are well diversified by country of origin, more than 85% of oil stocks are held in neighbouring countries and often based on short-term leasing contracts. This leaves the country vulnerable to potential oil supply disruptions. Luxembourg should swiftly implement a plan to improve the security of oil supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043428-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gadgets and Gigawatts : Policies for Energy Efficient Electronics (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059542
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: By 2010 there will be over 3.5 billion mobile phones subscribers, 2 billion TVs in use around the world and 1 billion personal computers.This book examines how "smart" this equipment is from an energy efficiency perspective and what the potential is for energy savings. It includes a global assessment of the changing pattern in residential electricity consumption over the past decade and an in-depth analysis of the role played by electronic equipment. It reviews the influence that government policies have had on creating markets for more energy efficient appliances and identifies new opportunities for creating smarter, more energy efficient homes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059542-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking Mitigation Actions in Developing Countries with Mitigation Support : A Conceptual Framework (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/02
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan introduced the notion of linking GHG mitigation action in developing countries with support for such action, in a "measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV)" manner. However, it does not specify the relationship or link that may be made between nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) in developing countries and mitigation support. It also remains unclear whether the MRV requirements apply to the link between NAMAs in developing countries and mitigation support, or to one or both of the separate elements. This paper suggests a number of elements for a possible conceptual framework to "link" mitigation actions with mitigation support, including practical considerations for how one might measure, report and verify progress, with a view to understanding the role for such a framework in a post-2012 agreement. The design of a successful and effective linking framework might aim to achieve a number of specific goals. On the action side, a key goal may be to integrate NAMAs in developing countries into national development plans and to address a significant mitigation opportunities. On the support side, important goals are perhaps cost-effectiveness and how to prioritise spending. For a linking framework to successfully address these issues, both actions and support would need to be measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV). Building on existing systems, a framework for MRV based on both the actual, possible or planned mitigation actions in developing countries as well as on current (public) mitigation support from developed countries could be a good starting point for further development of a linking framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k455r1485q4-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technology Roadmap: Wind Energy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Windenergie ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Einstellung ; Akteur ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Global Windkraft ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Haltung von Akteuren zu Einzelfragen ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: Wind energy is perhaps the most advanced of the “new” renewable energy technologies, but there is still much work to be done. This energy technology roadmap identifies the key tasks that must be undertaken in order to achieve a vision of over 2 000 GW of wind energy capacity by 2050. Governments, industry, research institutions and the wider energy sector will need to work together to achieve this goal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088184-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Rural Policy Reviews: China 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; China ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: With more than 700 million residents living in rural areas, China is still a predominantly rural country. But despite substantial improvements in standards of living, the Chinese countryside is largely lagging behind. This report analyses the key socio-economic forces at work in China's rural areas and discusses the current government strategy for rural development. It argues that in order to bridge rural-urban divides the current policy approach needs to go further in recognising rural-urban complementarities beyond agriculture and that food-security targets need to be balanced with wider rural development objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059573-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cleaner Coal in China (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China’s coal, mined locally and available at a relatively low cost, has brought enormous benefits to energy consumers in China and to those outside the country who enjoy the products of its coal-based economy. Yet from another perspective, China’s coal use has a high cost. Despite progress, health and safety in the thousands of small coal mines lag far behind the standards achieved in China’s modern, large mines. Environmental degradation is a real and pressing problem at all stages of coal production, supply and use. Adding to these burdens, emissions of carbon dioxide are of concern to the Chinese government as it embarks on its own climate protection strategy. Technology solutions are already transforming the way coal is used in China and elsewhere. This study explores the context in which the development and deployment of these technologies can be accelerated. Providing a large amount of new data, it describes in detail the situation in China as well as the experiences of other countries in making coal cleaner. Above all, the report calls for much greater levels of collaboration – existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral co-operation with China on coal is found lacking. China’s growing openness presents many commercial opportunities. Establishing a global market for cleaner coal technologies is key to unlocking the potential of technology – one of ten major recommendations made in this study.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048164-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies : Guidance for Policy Makers (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la mise en œuvre des stratégies de simplification administrative ; Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies; Guidance for Policy Makers (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la mise en œuvre des stratégies de simplification administrative : Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies: Guidance for Policy Makers (Arabic version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Governments face the challenge of rationalising and minimising administrative burdens imposed by bureaucratic requirements. At the same time, they need to use administrative procedures as a source of information and a tool for implementing public policies. Administrative simplification strategies are designed to streamline procedures, reduce complexity, paperwork and uncertainty. This guide draws on the experience of, and policy dialogue between, member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Middle East and North African countries (MENA). It reviews common barriers to designing and implementing a strategy for administrative simplification and offers 22 approaches to overcome them, providing a synthesis of good practices among policy makers and practitioners working on cutting red tape.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059726-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    National and Sectoral GHG Mitigation Potential : A Comparison Across Models (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/07
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Determining comparability of effort between mitigation actions and targets proposed by different countries is an ongoing issue for international climate negotiations. A number of indicators have been proposed to reflect comparability of effort and differences in national circumstances; key amongst these are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (per capita), GDP per capita, as well as GHG mitigation potential. This paper focuses on mitigation potential to provide a comparative assessment between six OECD member economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. GHG mitigation potential is defined to be the level of GHG emission reductions that could be realised, relative to the projected emission baseline in a given year, for a given carbon price. Data for the selected countries were obtained across the time horizon of 2005-2050 from a total of 19 models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies. The paper examines the implications of model structure, and assesses how baseline scenarios vary between the models, before analysing the GHG mitigation potential estimates. GHG mitigation potential is compared for carbon prices of USD 20, 50 and 100/tCO2e. For an assumed carbon price of USD 50/tCO2e, mitigation potential in Japan is estimated to be relatively lower than for the other five economies, ranging from 5-20% emission reduction from baseline in 2020. Although noticeably fewer models report data for Mexico at this price level, the models show deeper potential reductions in the range of 25-37% at the same carbon price. Mitigation potential estimates for Australia, Canada and the US show a wider range of 14-39% reduction relative to 2020 baselines. The EU shows a relatively tighter range of 16-29% emission reductions to 2020. The results of this study show greater emission reduction potentials in the year 2050 than in the year 2020 across the six economies examined, reflecting structural and technical changes that occur over time, including the availability of carbon capture and storage from 2030. In general, the paper finds closer agreement across the models for mitigation potential in 2020 than for later years, reflecting greater uncertainty as projections extend into the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xgpqp9w-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IEA Scoreboard 2009 : 35 Key Energy Trends over 35 Years (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Measuring and assessing how much has been done by member countries over the years to follow their underlying principles is not an easy task. Each country is unique in terms of economy, geography, climate, energy resources, etc. Taking into account some of these specificities, the IEA Scoreboard 2009 compares what has been achieved by member countries in diversifying their energy mix, in promoting non-fossil fuels and energy efficiency, in encouraging research and development, and, more generally, in creating a policy framework consistent with their shared policy goals. Since the IEA Scoreboard 2009 is published in conjunction with the 35th anniversary of the IEA, 35 themes, ranging from diversification to prices, show how IEA countries have performed in their efforts to attain energy security, environmental protection and economic growth. This book, which combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability, is an ideal resource for anyone who would like to have a quick overview of energy development in IEA member countries over the last 35 years. The publication also includes selected energy-related statistics for over 140 countries, economies and regions in the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063785-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clean Coal Technologies - Accelerating Commercial and Policy Drivers for Deployment (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Clean coal technologies (CCTs) have been developed and deployed to reduce the environmental impact of coal utilisation over the past 30 to 40 years. Initially, the focus was upon reducing emissions of particulates, SO2, NOX and mercury. The coal sector – producers, consumers and equipment suppliers – as well as governments and agencies in countries where coal is essential, have a long experience of stimulating clean coal technology deployment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077164-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
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    Technology Roadmap: Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This energy technology roadmap focuses on electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EV/PHEV), presenting for the first time a detailed scenario for their evolution from annual production of a few thousand to over 100 million vehicles by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for EVs and PHEVs: governments, the automobile industry, electric utilities and other stakeholders must work together to roll out vehicles and infrastructure in a coordinated fashion, and ensure that the rapidly growing consumer market is ready to purchase them. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088177-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061996
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity production is responsible for 32% of total global fossil fuel use, accounting for 132 EJ, and 41%, or 10.9 Gt of energy-related CO2 emissions. Improving the efficiency of electricity production therefore offers economic benefits and a significant opportunity for reducing dependence on fossil fuels, which helps to combat climate change and improve energy security.A set of indicators has been developed to analyse the energy efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels on a global level and for a number of key countries and regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061996-en
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  • 20
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    Cement Technology Roadmap: Carbon Emissions Reductions up to 2050 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The cement energy technology roadmap outlines a possible transition path for the industry to make continued contributions towards a halving of global CO2 emissions by 2050. As part of this contribution, this roadmap estimates that the cement industry could reduce its direct emissions 18% from current levels by 2050. This roadmap is a first step. It is only attainable with a supportive policy framework, and appropriate financial resources invested over the long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088061-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Financial Crisis : Reform and Exit Strategies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière ; Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière : Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financial crisis
    RVK:
    QK 000
    RVK:
    QK 600
    Keywords: Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Welt ; Internationale Finanzpolitik ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Bank ; Insolvenz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Erde ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: The financial crisis required governments to make massive interventions in their financial systems. This book sets out priorities for reforming incentives in financial markets as well as for phasing out these emergency measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073036-en
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were adopted by the governments of the 30 Member countries of the OECD and Argentina, Brazil and Chile on the occasion of the OECD's annual Council meeting at Ministerial level in Paris on 27 June 2000. This booklet comprises the revised text and commentary, implementation procedures and the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060326-en
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  • 23
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    Sustainability of Civil Service Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe Five Years After EU Accession (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.44
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Before joining the EU in May 2004, Central and Eastern European countries were required to professionalise their civil services. Most were perceived as having made improvements sufficient to be granted EU membership status. But what happened next? Five years after accession, this paper answers the question.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml60pvjmbq-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Portugal 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Portugal
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2009 review of Portugal's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Portugal has made considerable efforts to strengthen its energy policy since the last IEA in-depth review in 2004. A large number of IEA recommendations have been successfully implemented, including greater diversification of the energy mix and increased energy policy co-ordination. A new National Energy Strategy, published in October 2005, identified three principal means for meeting Portugal’s policy goals: the promotion of renewable energy, increased energy efficiency and competition in energy markets. Over a short period of time, Portugal has become a leader in terms of renewable energy development. Well-designed incentive mechanisms and the adoption of ambitious targets ensure hydro, wind and other technologies will continue to grow. The National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency was enacted in 2008, and Portugal aims to implement energy efficiency measures equivalent to 9.8% of total final energy consumption by 2015. This plan complements a well developed and co-ordinated climate change policy. Further steps have been taken towards the liberalisation of energy markets, including the innovative creation of a single operator for the transport of natural gas and electricity, natural gas storage and operation of the Sines LNG terminal. Still, a number of challenges remain. Energy markets are not as competitive as policy makers may have wished, and energy research and development policy coordination needs to be strengthened. This review provides sectoral critiques of existing policy and recommendations for further improvements. It is intended to serve as an indispensable guide for Portuguese policy makers as they travel along the path to a more sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060388-en
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  • 25
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Spain 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060364
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Spain
    Abstract: This review analyses the energy challenges facing Spain and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It finds that since the last IEA in-depth review in 2005, Spain has made significant progress in improving its energy policy. In Europe, the country is now leading in gas diversification and LNG development. Together with Portugal, it has set up the common Iberian electricity market, MIBEL, and has strong ambitions in developing it further. It has also become prominent in developing wind and solar energy technology, and succeeded in integrating large amounts of intermittent power in the electricity grid. Along with other IEA member countries, Spain has set ambitious climate and energy security targets. Achieving these will require a transition to a low-carbon economy. Spain will need to increase its efforts to reduce CO2 emissions, particularly in the transport but also the critical power sector. As fossil fuels still provide more than half of electricity,Spain will need to keep open all the options - including nuclear, renewables, and the technology of carbon capture and storage - for making its power sector less carbon-intensive. The country should also increase its efforts to limit peak electricity demand through energy efficiency. Spain has substantially de-regulated its electricity and gas tariffs, and developed a financial plan to end the large deficit that had built up under the previous tariff regime. Prices for many small electricity users, however, are still regulated and low enough to potentially distort the market. In addition, the still remaining subsidies for domestic coal production should be eliminated and replaced by direct social policy measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060364-en
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  • 26
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    Sectoral Approaches and the Carbon Market (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/03
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Sectoral approaches are proposed as a means to broaden the global scope of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation to developing countries. Market mechanisms are put forward in that context to create incentives for mitigation in developing countries beyond the existing Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and to encourage mitigation at least possible cost. The introduction of new, sector-based, market mechanisms is only one of many proposals discussed by UNFCCC Parties in the context of a post-2012 international climate policy framework, as a possible means to support mitigation actions in developing countries. This paper considers the carbon market aspects of sectoral approaches to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in developing countries. It discusses three general ways to link sectoral goals with the carbon market: (i) intensity goals, based on a GHG performance per unit of output; (ii) fixed emission goals, with an ex-post issuance of credits or trading with an ex-ante allocation of allowances; and (iii) technology-based sectoral objectives. This paper explores the domestic policy implications of moving from a single project approach (i.e., CDM), to a multi-plant, sector-wide carbon market mechanism implied by sectoral crediting and trading. It also touches on possible transition issues, especially from intensity-based emission goals to fixed ones. The paper concludes that sector-based market mechanisms, regardless of the design option chosen, will require some significant upfront effort both nationally and internationally to set appropriate baselines and ensure adequate measurement, reporting and verification in order to generate economically valuable and environmentally-credible credits. Technology diffusion goals may be supported by other means than the carbon market if developing GHG baselines for such activities were too difficult. Sectoral approaches also imply some significant policy effort in countries that adhere to them, to ensure that the baselines are exceeded so that carbon market revenues are generated, and that these revenues represent effective incentives for entities to pursue GHG mitigation, wherever it is most cost-effective to do so.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4559g5snzq-en
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  • 27
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    Fiscal Performance and Challenges (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 23-43 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:23-43
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 23-43
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:23-43
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Over the past decade, Mexico has made significant improvements in its fiscal performance by implementing important reforms to establish macroeconomic and financial stability, to open the economy to trade and investment, and to change the political environment. The prudent fiscal policies pursued by the Mexican government have resulted in strong fiscal performance. Albeit aided by higher oil prices, these policies have successfully lowered public sector debt and reduced the budget deficit to 3% of GDP or below for the past five years (2003-08).1 Economic growth has improved over the past decade, although the economy is not expanding rapidly enough to make living standards equivalent to richer OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art8-en
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  • 28
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    The challenge of decremental budgeting (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-9
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-9
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: At the start of the decremental decade of the 1980s, governments encountered many difficulties in making ends meet. This article discusses some of the problems of post-expansive stagnation and the merits of certain techniques such as indexing, global norms, decentralising hard choices and the well-balanced package.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-9-5ksb4sp1cc8p
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  • 29
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    Impact of budget support on accountabilities at the local level in Indonesia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: A thorough analysis of existing governance and accountability structures in a decentralised country is necessary before deciding to deliver development assistance directly to the regional level. This article examines the mechanism of donor-provided budget support at the local level in Indonesia and its potential impact on accountability structures.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art5-en
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  • 30
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    Budget transparency around the World : Results from the 2008 open budget survey (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-17
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-17
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The movement for greater fiscal transparency has been gaining momentum in recent years. To contribute to these efforts, the International Budget Partnership (IBP) developed the Open Budget Survey in 2006. The 2008 survey finds that the state of budget transparency around the world is deplorable, although a number of countries have improved their performance over the past two years. This article discusses the results of the 2008 survey and ways of improving budget transparency.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art19-en
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  • 31
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    Accrual budgeting and fiscal policy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Can an accrual budgeting system – a system in which budgetary spending authorisations to line ministries are formulated in accrual terms – serve the needs of good fiscal policy? If so, how must such a system be designed? This article addresses these questions and also considers the case for reformulating fiscal policy in terms of accrual rather than cash aggregates.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art4-en
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  • 32
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    Public-private partnerships: The relevance of budgeting (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-26
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-26
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This article examines the budgetary implications of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and how to strengthen budgetary review, budget treatment, accounting and assessment of PPPs.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art3-en
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  • 33
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    Reforming the budget formulation process in the Brazilian congress (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This article provides a view of the Brazilian congressional budgetary process and how it contributes to preventing the budget from effectively determining public spending. Particular elements include revenue estimation, presentation and approval of amendments, sectoral committee involvement, and institutional technical advice.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art1-en
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  • 34
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    The Political Economy of Fiscal Reform in Central and Eastern Europe (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 1-11
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 1-11
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This article discusses fiscal reform in Central and Eastern Europe from the perspective of political economy. Following an overview of basic reform trends, the article focuses on the principal drivers and impediments to reform in the region. To conclude, the ingredients of successful reform are examined.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v8-art13-en
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  • 35
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    Budgeting in Indonesia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-31
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-31
    Keywords: Governance ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This article discusses Indonesia’s economic and fiscal performance following the 1997/98 financial crisis and the transition to democracy, as well as the budget formulation process and the role of Parliament. Aspects of budget implementation are discussed throughout the article. Jón R. Blöndal, Ian Hawkesworth and Hyun-Deok Choi
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-9-5ks72wv89p48
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  • 36
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    Prosecuting Cartels without Direct Evidence of Agreement (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 49-105
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ententes : Poursuites en l'absence de preuves directes
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 49-105
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Circumstantial evidence is employed in cartel cases in all countries. The better practice is to use circumstantial evidence holistically, giving it cumulative effect, rather than on an item-by-item basis. Complicating the use of circumstantial evidence are provisions in national competition laws that variously define the nature of agreements that are subject to the law. There are two general types of circumstantial evidence: communication evidence and economic evidence. Of the two, communication evidence is considered to be the more important. Economic evidence is almost always ambiguous. It could be consistent with either agreement or independent action. Therefore it requires careful analysis. National treatment of cartels, such as whether they are prosecuted as crimes or as administrative violations, can affect the burden of proof that applies to the cases, and hence the use of circumstantial evidence. It can be difficult to convince courts to accept circumstantial evidence in cartel cases, especially where the potential liability for having violated the anti-cartel provisions of the competition law is high. There are circumstances in countries that are relatively new to anti-cartel enforcement that could affect the extent to which they rely on circumstantial evidence in their cases.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v9-art11-en
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  • 37
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    Dynamic scoring (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-26
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-26
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Dynamic scoring – taking full account of all the economic effects of policies when estimating their budgetary effects – is almost self-evidently attractive. But it is formidably difficult to achieve. This paper assesses the key conceptual and practical challenges it poses and considers the pros and cons of adopting it. The objective should be to provide more useful information while being robust to the political debate.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-9-5ks70mg592wk
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  • 38
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    Cartels: Sanctions against Individuals (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-47
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ententes : Sanctions pénales contre les personnes physiques
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-47
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Corporate sanctions rarely are sufficiently high to be an optimal deterrent against cartels. Sanctions against natural persons can thus complement them. There is no systematic evidence proving the deterrent effects of sanctions on individuals, and/or assessing whether such sanctions can be justified. There is a trend among countries to accept as self-evident that individual sanctions, including imprisonment, can be a useful part of effective anti-cartel enforcement. If a country provides for individual sanctions, a strong argument can be made that relatively short prison sentences are the most cost effective deterrent. However, there are also reasons why countries may provide for longer prison sentences, most importantly that only longer statutory sentences adequately express a society’s condemnation of hard-core cartels. In addition to increasing levels of deterrence, sanctions against individuals can be a powerful incentive for individuals to reveal information about existing cartels and to cooperate in investigations. International law does not recognise the principle of double jeopardy that would prevent authorities in different countries from prosecuting the same person for participation in the same cartel. Nevertheless, where cartels are investigated in a multi-jurisdictional context, jurisdictions may consider arrangements to ensure that only one of them prosecutes an individual.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v9-art10-en
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  • 39
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    Budgeting for fiscal space (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Fiscal space refers to the financial resources available to a government for policy initiatives through the budget and related decisions. This article reviews the factors that contribute to the shrinkage of fiscal space, considers methods for protecting or enlarging it, and reflects on how budgeting may be recast into a process for explicitly allocating scarce fiscal space.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-9-5ksb4ssm56q2
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  • 40
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    Budgeting for entitlements (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-13
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-13
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: An entitlement is a provision of law that establishes a legal right to public funds. In most OECD countries, entitlements were the principal growth area of public expenditure from the mid 1950s to the mid 1980s. This article discusses budgeting for entitlements under two rather different conditions: the expansion of this category of expenditure during the quarter century after World War II, and cutback and “status quo” budgeting during the decade since the first oil shock.By Allen Schick, University of Maryland, United States
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-9-5ksb4sp85wd1
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  • 41
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    Fixing fair value accounting (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-8
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-8
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The concept of fair value accounting was introduced in 1993 to make financial statements easier to compare and balance sheets more reflective of real values. This article discusses the true consequences of fair value accounting and its impact on the stability of financial institutions. By Peter J. Wallison, American Enterprise Institute
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-9-5ks72wvj5lmw
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  • 42
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    Monitoring Review of Korea (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 107-137
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corée : Mise à jour du Rapport sur la loi et les institutions en matière de concurrence
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 107-137
    Keywords: Governance ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: This report reviews the achievements of the Korean 3-Year Market Reform Road Map. This assessment is carried out in light of the OECD’s previous recommendations to shift KFTC priorities and resources toward core competition problems related to efficiency goals and away from its historic focus on conglomerate financial structure and governance; the need for further improvements in investigative powers and a clearer rule against hard-core cartels; implementation of recommendations to repeal exemptions for “small” business and exclusions of professional services and co-ordination with sectoral regulators about competition problems; and recent institutional changes to join the KFTC with the system for applying consumer protection law. This report was the basis for a monitoring review in the October 2006 session of the Competition Committee.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v9-art12-en
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  • 43
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    The changing role of parliament in the budget process (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-11
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-11
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Legislatures require reliable, unbiased information to be able to participate constructively in formulating the budget. This article explores the value of an independent budget capacity located in the legislature for expanding parliament’s role in budgeting and for holding the executive accountable.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art2-en
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  • 44
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    Budget Formulation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 45-68 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:45-68
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 45-68
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:45-68
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Over the past decade, the evolution of budgeting in Mexico has been driven by two main trends. First, in order to avoid crises like those of the 1980s and 1990s, the government has been working on developing an institutional framework for stable and sustainable fiscal management. Second, the country has completed the process of transition from a political system where one party dominated to a competitive multi-party system.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art9-en
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  • 45
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    Budget Approval : The Role of Congress (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 69-80 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:69-80
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 69-80
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:69-80
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: This chapter reviews the role of the Mexican legislature in the budget process. Over the past decade, the Mexican Chamber of Deputies has become a much more active participant in the budget process. This development reflects the changes in the political system and the nature of the legislative-executive relationship. On a number of occasions, the budget process has become the focal point of conflict between the two branches. Recent reforms to the legislative budget process have provided tools to strengthen legislative oversight and have helped to some extent to clarify the respective roles of the legislature and the executive. Combined with a growing cross-party willingness to co-operate on the budget and greater emphasis on fiscal responsibility, the legislative budget process has been greatly improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art10-en
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    References (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 151-156 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:151-156
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 151-156
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:151-156
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art18-en
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    Annex D : Impact Evaluation of the Social Development Programme on Cement Floors (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 147-148 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:147-148
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 147-148
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:147-148
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Between 2000 and 2005, the Mexican State of Coahuila implemented the social programme called Piso Firme. Its main objective was to replace mud floors with cement ones to improve the quality of life of vulnerable households living in marginal areas. Because the programme was so successful with 34 000 beneficiaries in Coahuila, it was extended to the national level to cover more than 300 000 households. Its success even generated the implementation of a national strategic goal: the eradication of dirt floors by the end of 2012.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art16-en
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    Annex B : Oil Revenue Management (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 141-144 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:141-144
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 141-144
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:141-144
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Oil prices have been rising significantly since 2002, reaching a high of USD 145 per barrel in July 2008.1 The huge flows of revenues present an excellent opportunity for large oil exporters, providing access to fresh capital inflows that could be allocated to savings, investment, or external debt cancellation. However, oil price volatility and inefficient management of oil revenues can also generate non-desired effects. Some of the symptoms of the so-called “Dutch disease” include overheating the economy, reducing incentives to improve the tax system, and increasing pressure for exchange rate appreciation or exchange rate volatility.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art14-en
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  • 49
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    Budget Execution and Financial Management (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 81-95 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:81-95
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 81-95
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:81-95
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: This chapter reviews the implementation and management of the Mexican budget. Financial management is in the midst of an ambitious agenda of reform with the overall goal of improving the quality of public service. The central concepts behind the reforms are to delegate management responsibility to programme managers and to focus greater attention on improving results. This chapter is divided into seven sections: the execution of the budget; cash management; public accounting; internal control and audit; human resource management; procurement; and the conclusion and recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art11-en
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    Annex E : Requirements on Sub-National Governments as a Result of the Recent Fiscal Reforms (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 149-149 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:149-149
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 149-149
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:149-149
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Strengthening local auditing: The technical capability and independence of state legislature audit organs is to be strengthened (head audit officers are to be appointed by a majority of two-thirds of legislators and for seven-year terms). State audit organs are also bound by principles of impartiality and legality (Mexican Constitution, Articles 116 and 122).
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art17-en
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    OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (418 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios de la OCDE de Innovación Regional; 15 estados mexicanos
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als 15 Mexican states
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Keywords: Regionalökonomik ; Regionales Cluster ; Technologiepolitik ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Technische Innovation
    Abstract: Despite macro-economic stability in recent years, Mexico still suffers from stagnant productivity growth. Mexico’s long-term competitiveness in a global context will require greater public and private action to spur innovation and economic growth in regions throughout the country. This report reviews how both national and state policies in Mexico can better support regional innovation systems and includes profiles of 15 states.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060135-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 52
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    Chile Energy Policy Review 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy ; Chile
    Abstract: Drawing on the experience of IEA member countries, this IEA review assesses Chile’s major energy challenges and provides recommendations. Six main themes emerge: the successful liberalisation of the power sector in the 1980s; the essential role played by the state in ensuring energy security; the re-formulation of Chile’s long-term energy policy; the proposed reorganisation of the institutional framework; greater independence for the system operators; and the need for a clear framework of regulation so that long-term investment decisions integrate social and environmental costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073159-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 53
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    Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies: are IEA Member Countries on Track? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Implementing energy efficiency policies 2009
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Energiepolitik ; Welt ; Energy ; Bericht ; Internationale Energieagentur ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Energiepolitik ; Effizienz
    Abstract: This book presents 25 energy efficiency recommendations from the IEA which could, if implemented globally without delay, reduce global CO2 emissions by 8.2 gigatonnes per year by 2030 – equivalent to roughly two-times the amount of current EU CO2 emissions. This innovative book provides the first assessment of IEA member countries’ progress on implementing energy efficiency policy. Using a rigorous evaluation process, it finds that while these countries are implementing a full range of energy efficiency measures, their efforts fall short. Pressing energy, climate and financial challenges require even more energy efficiency policy action – particularly in the transport sector. To address this action gap, IEA member countries must urgently ramp up their energy efficiency policy efforts. The IEA and its member countries can play a critical role in promoting the Agency’s call for “Worldwide Implementation Now” (W.I.N.) of energy efficiency. What will it be? W.I.N or lose the opportunity?
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075696-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 54
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Chile 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060791
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Chile 2009 ; (Spanish version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chile
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalpolitik ; Chile ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile ; Chile ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Chile has achieved strong economic growth during the last 20 years. Nevertheless, its economy depends on a few resource-based sectors located in a small number of regions. The performance of Chilean regions varies significantly and regional disparities in GDP per capita are very high compared to those in OECD countries. Chilean regions have thus far so not fully utilised their assets and reached their potential for growth. This report recommends moving towards a territorial approach to development in Chile in order to better adapt public management to the different opportunities and needs of the diverse territories of the country. Chilean regions would particularly benefit from context-specific policies to boost productivity, such as those targeting innovation and entrepreneurship, and to improve education and training.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060791-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Rethinking e-Government Services : User-Centred Approaches (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking e-government services
    RVK:
    MF 7080
    Keywords: E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; OECD ; E-Government
    Abstract: Expecting substantial savings and improved public services – a trend further accentuated by the financial and economic crisis beginning in 2008 – OECD countries have invested in the development of e-government services over the past 10-15 years. However, despite the initial exceptional take-up, governments later saw low adoption and low use of e-government services which are still far from satisfactory today. This report gives a broad description of the shift in governments' focus on e-government development – from a government-centric to a user-centric approach. It gives a comprehensive overview of challenges to user take-up of e-government services in OECD countries and of the different types of approaches to improving it. The monitoring and evaluation of user take-up are also discussed, including the existence of formal measurement frameworks. Good practices are presented to illustrate the different concrete approaches used by OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059412-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 56
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    Computer Viruses and Other Malicious Software : A Threat to the Internet Economy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056510
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Computer viruses and other malicious software
    DDC: 005.8
    RVK:
    ST 276
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Computervirus
    Abstract: Malware attacks are increasing both in frequency and sophistication, thus posing a serious threat to the Internet economy and to national security. This book is a first step toward addressing the threat of malware in a comprehensive, global manner. It informs readers about malware -- its growth, evolution and countermeasures to combat it; presents new research into the economic incentives driving cyber-security decisions; and makes specific suggestions on how the international community can better work together to address the problem.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056510-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 57
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Copenhagen, Denmark 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Copenhagen, Denmark
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Ballungsraum ; Kopenhagen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Denmark ; Kopenhagen ; Ballungsraum ; Stadtentwicklung
    Abstract: The Copenhagen metropolitan region accounts for nearly half of Denmark's national output and plays a key role for the country as a whole. Nevertheless, it has witnessed only modest economic growth over the last decade. This review of metropolitan area policy for Copenhagen examines key challenges including modest economic growth, scarcity of skilled workers and barriers to research and development. The report also examines how public institutions affect regional economic growth. Issues considered include: inter-municipal co-operation, local finance, public management, political leadership, and coordination mechanisms between the central government and the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060036-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 58
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    Sectoral Approaches in Electricity : Building Bridges to a Safe Climate (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068735
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity accounts for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Sectoral Approaches in Electricity – Building Bridges to a Safe Climate shows how the international climate policy framework could effectively support a transition towards low-CO2 electricity systems in developing countries. Sectoral approaches are intended to address sectors that require urgent actions, without waiting for countries to take nation-wide commitments. Earlier IEA publications have extensively reviewed developed countries’ efforts to steer generation away from carbon-intensive production modes, from dedicated support to low-carbon technologies to, increasingly, the reliance on CO2 pricing via emissions trading. Following the same logic, there are proposals seeking to use the international carbon market to drive changes at sectoral level in developing countries. This publication illustrates the pros and cons of such an approach in a few key emerging economies. It also asks how international climate policy could support and enhance ongoing efforts on end-use energy efficiency - an essential piece of the climate change/electricity puzzle.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068735-en
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  • 59
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    Strategies for Business, Government and Civil Society to Fight Corruption in Asia and the Pacific (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Series Statement: ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strategies for business, government and civil society to fight corruption in Asia and the Pacific
    RVK:
    MD 7200
    RVK:
    QL 415
    Keywords: Korruption ; Wirtschaftskriminalität ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Governance ; Konferenzschrift 2008 ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Korruption ; Bekämpfung
    Abstract: Bribery is bad for business, so why do businesses continue to bribe? What roles do business, government, and civil society have in the fight against corruption - and notably in the fight against bribery in business? The 6th Regional Anti-Corruption Conference for Asia and the Pacific gathered experts from countries and jurisdictions of Asia and the Pacific, OECD member countries, leading enterprises and businesses associations, civil society, and development partners to respond to these questions and to share their experiences in fighting bribery in business. The conference, organized by the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific in late November 2008, explored (i) possible drivers and incentives for anti-corruption reform; (ii) the role of criminal law standards and corporate compliance mechanisms; (iii) the risks and countermeasures against private-to-private corruption; (iv) preventing and managing conflicts of interest; (v) international initiatives to counter bribery; (vi) how development partners can become involved in the fight against bribery and corruption. This book presents the proceedings of the conference.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077010-en
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  • 60
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    OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: Piedmont, Italy 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Piedmont, Italy
    RVK:
    QG 510
    RVK:
    QR 000
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Regionalpolitik ; Piemont ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Piemont ; Innovationsförderung ; Regionale Wirtschaftsförderung
    Abstract: Piedmont is one of the top ten manufacturing regions in Europe and enjoys the highest levels of business investment in R&D in Italy. Birthplace of the most famous Italian automotive company - Fiat – and home to many heavy engineering and manufacturing firms, the region has long been a central part of the national industrial core. Yet since the early 1970s, the fragility of Piedmont's production system has slowly became evident. This report reviews how Piedmont’s new regional strategy supports innovation and how its efforts can be improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039162-en
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  • 61
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    OECD Rural Policy Reviews, Italy 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Italy
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Italien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy ; Italien ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of rural policy in Italy. On average, rural regions in Italy have some of the highest GDP per capita among the OECD countries, yet unexploited potential remains. This analysis of rural Italy reveals heterogeneous economic conditions, an increasing elderly population and a diminished focus on environmental concerns. This suggests the need for a broader rural policy approach that reflects the changing demands upon rural resources and that considers other aspects of rurality including health, education and quality of life.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056237-en
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  • 62
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    Ensuring Environmental Compliance : Trends and Good Practices (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faire respecter les normes environnementales ; Tendances et bonnes pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance; Trends and Good Practices (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ensuring environmental compliance
    DDC: 363.7/0526
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Information ; Kommunikation ; Implementation ; Effektivität ; Environment ; Governance ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Despite progress in recent years, there is growing evidence that OECD countries are not on track to reach some of their key environmental goals. This report examines the strategies and instruments that governments use to ensure compliance with pollution prevention and control regulations, particularly in the industrial sector. It compares the compliance assurance systems of six OECD countries – Finland, France, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States – as well as those of China and Russia. The report provides policy makers, environmental regulators, and other stakeholders with a comprehensive analysis of the design, management aspects, and the main elements of government compliance and enforcement programmes. Focusing on compliance promotion, compliance monitoring, and non-compliance response, it identifies and compares good practices, sets them in context of different countries’ regulatory cultures and highlights the key international trends.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059597-en
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  • 63
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    OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies: Japan 2009 : Large-Scale Floods and Earthquakes (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (275 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Japan
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Überschwemmung ; Erdbeben ; Japan ; Environment ; Governance ; Japan ; Japan ; Risikomanagement ; Naturkatastrophe
    Abstract: Damages to economic assets resulting from natural disasters have soared in the past fifteen years, and climate change models forecast intensified exposure to extreme weather in many OECD countries. This OECD review of risk management policies focuses on Japan, because the geography, topography and climate of its national territory subject it to serious natural hazards, especially seismic activity and typhoons. The report looks at Japan’s policies in the areas of monitoring, preparing for and responding to floods and earthquakes, seeking out and identifying good practices and areas where improvements could be made. The case studies consider several issues of particular interest to policy makers, such as how to take climate change into account for long term policy planning related to large scale floods, and Japan’s unique earthquake insurance scheme for damages whose probability and impact are hard to accurately assess.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050303-en
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  • 64
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    Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy : Yes In My Front Yard (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities, towns & renewable energy
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Stadt ; Energieversorgung ; Energieeinsparung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtökologie ; Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: Local governments have the power to influence the energy choices of their citizens. Many cities and towns have already encouraged energy efficiency measures. Even so, as demand for energy services continues to grow, the energy infrastructure that every city and town depends on will need to be expanded, upgraded or replaced. This provides the opportunity to increase the deployment of renewable energy technologies and decentralised energy systems, and hence gain the multi-benefits of increased energy security, climate change mitigation and sustainable development, but also the social benefits of reduced air pollution, such as improved health and employment. Many combinations of policies have been employed to stimulate local renewable energy development. These policies include: local governance by authority; providing resources; enabling private actors; leading by example; allowing self-governance. Mega-city mayors, down to small-town officials, have successfully introduced such policies, although these vary with location, local resources and population. Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy – “ Yes In My Front Yard “ includes several case studies chosen to illustrate how enhanced deployment of renewable energy projects can result, regardless of a community’s size or location. The goals of this report are to inspire city stakeholders by showing how renewable energy systems can benefit citizens and businesses, assist national governments to better appreciate the role that local municipalities might play in meeting national and international objectives, and help accelerate the necessary transition to a sustainable energy future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076884-en
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  • 65
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    Transport Energy and CO2 : Moving towards Sustainability (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transport, energy and CO 2
    DDC: 628.5/32
    RVK:
    AR 27700
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Kraftstoff ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Energy ; OECD ; Verkehrspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Car ownership is set to triple by 2050, trucking activity will double and air travel could increase fourfold. This book examines how to enable mobility without accelerating climate change. It finds that if we change the way we travel, adopt technologies to improve vehicle efficiency and shift to low-CO2 fuels, we can move onto a different pathway where transport CO2 emissions by 2050 are far below current levels, at costs that are lower than many assume. The report discusses the prospects for shifting more travel to the most efficient modes and reducing travel growth rates, improving vehicle fuel efficiency by up to 50% using cost-effective, incremental technologies, and moving toward electricity, hydrogen, and advanced biofuels to achieve a more secure and sustainable transport future. If governments implement strong policies to achieve this scenario, transport can play its role and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions by 2050.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073173-en
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  • 66
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    Regulatory Impact Analysis : A Tool for Policy Coherence (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'analyse d'impact de la réglementation ; Un outil au service de la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bounds, Gregory Regulatory impact analysis
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Governance ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Regulierung ; Wirkungsanalyse
    Abstract: Regulatory impact analysis (RIA) is a systemic approach to critically assessing the positive and negative effects of proposed and existing regulations and non-regulatory alternatives. This publication brings together recent OECD research and analysis concerning methodological issues and country experiences with RIA. The collected papers cover a number of challenges to the effectiveness of RIA including: systemic factors which influence the quality of RIA; methodological frameworks that can assist RIA to improve regulation; guidance on using RIA to avoid unnecessary regulation of competitive markets; and a review of the use of RIA in the regulation of corporate governance across a number of OECD countries. Taken together, this publication provides valuable, practical guidance on how to improve the performance of RIA systems to promote economic welfare through better quality regulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067110-en
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    Internet Access for Development (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internet access for development
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Internet ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Entwicklungsländer ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Internet ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Kohärenz ; OECD ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The Internet has been remarkably successful in developing greater opportunities for communication access - and economic growth and social development - for the first billion users. The majority of the next several billion users will be mainly from developing countries and will connect to the Internet principally via wireless networks. But there are substantial discrepancies in access to ICTs between developed and developing countries and also within countries, depending on factors such as gender, rural coverage, skills and educational levels. This book examines how the market for internet traffic exchange has evolved and explores the coherence of policies pursued by developed and developing countries. It notes the increasing innovation occurring in a number of developing countries with competitive markets and discusses how liberalisation has helped to expand of access networks and make ICT services increasingly affordable and available to the poor. The report also highlights the employment, micro-entrepreneurial and social development opportunities which have emerged as access levels have risen among low-income users. The study notes that gateway service monopolies - still in 70 countries - raise the prices for accessing international capacity and reduce the affordability of Internet access to business and end users.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056312-en
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  • 68
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    Building Transparent Tax Compliance by Banks (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Building transparent tax compliance by banks
    RVK:
    QL 410
    Keywords: Steuermoral ; Bank ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; OECD ; Steuerplanung ; Kreditwesen ; Governance ; Steuervermeidung ; Bank ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: This book analyses the role banks play in the provision of aggressive tax planning arrangements. It examines the nature of banking, the complex structured financing transactions developed by banks and how they are then used by both banks and their clients. It also explores the internal governance processes that banks use to manage tax risk and the prevention, detection and response strategies applied by different revenue bodies in responding to the challenges that banks pose. The book makes a number of recommendations for revenue bodies and identifies best practices for consideration by banks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067851-en
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  • 69
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trans-border urban co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ostasien ; Gelbes Meer ; Internationale Kooperation ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Soziokultureller Wandel ; Transnationale Politik ; Bericht ; OECD
    Abstract: The Pan Yellow Sea Region (PYSR) covers the coasts of Northern China (Bohai Rim), western and southern Korea and south-western Japan (Kyushu). It has been one of the fastest growing economic zones in East Asia since China’s opening in the early 1990s, thanks to the region’s extensive manufacturing and transportation networks. Development has been driven by cities such as Dalian, Qingdao and Tianjin in China, Busan and Incheon in Korea, and Fukuoka and Kitakyushu in Japan. However, the PYSR has yet not fully utilised its assets nor reached its potential for growth. Further economic integration has been hindered by excessive competition and inadequate co-operation within the region. The regional transportation system requires structural changes to be integrated, especially in the container transportation market. Deepening the region’s social and cultural network remains a challenge. And environmental concerns are increasingly attracting attention. This report analyses these factors and assesses a wide range of policies to improve the PYSR’s competitiveness and integration. In particular, the report examines the PYSR’s trans-border governance system, which has emerged since the 1990s as a key regional policy agenda. The harmonisation of authorities within the region is a prerequisite to achieving economic success and addressing the PYSR’s diverse challenges. A comparative analysis of trans-border cooperation in OECD countries in Europe and North America is also included in an annex. This report will be of special interest to policy makers, researchers, NGOs and others active in trans-border development or Asian economic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076129-en
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    Annex C : Public Investment Evaluation System (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 145-146 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:145-146
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 145-146
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:145-146
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: The 2006 Budget and Fiscal Responsibility Law required the establishment of rules to ensure that investment projects are properly evaluated. The Ministry of Finance (SHCP), through its Investment Unit, manages the public investment system which is an important element for achieving better results from investment projects undertaken by the public sector. Every year the Investment Unit publishes guidelines for the preparation and presentation of the cost-benefit analysis of programmes and investment projects (Lineamientos para la elaboración y presentación de los análisis costo y beneficio de los programas y proyectos de inversión).
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art15-en
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  • 71
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    Improving Accountability for Results : Performance Budgeting and Management Reforms (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 97-137 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:97-137
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 97-137
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:97-137
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Mexico, like most OECD countries, is under pressure to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending. An important step in this process is to obtain objective information on the performance of programmes and agencies. Performance information allows governments to measure progress towards achieving their goals and to know what programmes and policies are working and those that are not. The majority of OECD countries are seeking to improve the development and use of performance information through performance management and budgeting reforms. These reforms aim to shift the emphasis of budgeting and management away from a focus on controlling inputs and following rules and regulations towards a focus on results.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art12-en
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    Annex A : Programa de Mediano Plazo (PMP, the Medium-Term Programme) (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 139-140 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:139-140
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 139-140
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:139-140
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: The PMP is the tool created to comply with the obligation established by the 2007 reform (the Integral Fiscal Reform, IFR) to achieve 20% savings by the end of the current administration, at a rate of 5% per year. It is a programme for reducing administrative expenses and energy costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art13-en
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  • 73
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    Acronyms and Terms (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 9-11 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:9-11
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 9-11
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-11
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art6-en
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  • 74
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    Executive Summary and Recommendations (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 13-22 | volume:9 | year:2009 | number:1 | pages:13-22
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 19 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 1, p. 13-22
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:9
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2009
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:13-22
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: Over the past decade, Mexico has undergone significant economic and political reform. This period has witnessed important improvements in the health of public finances. The government’s narrow measure of the budget deficit has been below 1% of GDP for the past five years (2003-08). Furthermore, the public sector borrowing requirement – the broader definition of budget deficit1 – has been below 3% of GDP for the same period. Although these improved fiscal balances have been aided by higher revenues as a result of significant increases in oil prices, Mexico’s recent public finances have clearly reflected an era of fiscal responsibility. This improved fiscal situation should place Mexico in a better position to withstand the current global economic crisis.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v9-art7-en
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  • 75
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    Reporting and Recording Post-2012 GHG Mitigation Commitments, Actions and Support (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/04
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan (BAP) indicated the importance of “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation actions and commitments, as well as support for GHG mitigation actions, in the post-2012 climate framework. Negotiations underway for this framework have highlighted the benefits of, and interest in, expanding current MRV-related provisions, including to develop a more comprehensive and timely picture of countries’ mitigation efforts and support. Establishing some form of reporting or recording mechanism that could be used to centralise and track information on country mitigation actions, commitments and support could fill this gap. This mechanism could focus on current efforts, or also include information on future or planned efforts. Such a mechanism could take different forms, including a stand-alone electronic registry where actions (and potentially also commitments and support) could be reported ex post. Alternatively, information on actions and commitments could be recorded ex ante as an integral appendix of a post-2012 climate agreement. This paper explores the possible purposes, coverage and form of such a reporting/recording mechanism (subsequently referred to as a NAMAs registry); what information it could include in terms of actions, commitments and support; and the institutional implications of different design options. It thus focuses on the measurable and reportable components of MRV, rather than on verification.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k454d4z64br-en
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  • 76
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    Regions Matter : Economic Recovery, Innovation and Sustainable Growth (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reprise économique, innovation et croissance durable ; Le rôle crucial des régions
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Regions matter
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Statistik ; Europa ; Regionalentwicklung ; USA ; Korea ; Japan ; Mexiko ; Geschichte 1995-2005
    Abstract: Why do some regions grow faster than others, and in ways that do not always conform to economic theory? This is a central issue in today’s economic climate, when policy makers are looking for ways to stimulate new and sustainable growth. OECD work suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all answer to regional growth policy. Rather, regions grow in very varied ways and the simple concentration of resources in a place is not sufficient for long-term growth. This report draws on OECD analysis of regional data (including where growth happens, country-by-country), policy reviews and case studies. It argues that it is how investments are made, regional assets used and synergies exploited that can make the difference. Public investment should prioritise longer-term impacts on productivity growth and combine measures in an integrated way. This suggests an important role for regional policies in shaping growth and economic recovery policies, but also challenges policy makers to implement policy reforms.
    Note: Franz. Ausg.u.d.T.: Reprise économique, innovation et croissance durable
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076525-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 77
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    Financing Climate Change Mitigation : Towards a Framework for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/06
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The current monitoring, reporting and review framework under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has a number of strengths and weaknesses. Weaknesses include inconsistent and/or incomplete self reporting of financial support; infrequent reporting; limited and incomplete information on multilateral development banks and other non-UNFCCC funds; lack of primary data on financial flows under KP mechanisms (CDM); and lack of verification procedures. This paper aims to facilitate a discussion about a possible framework to measure, report and verify (MRV) mitigation support. It considers the main pathways through which mitigation support to developing countries may flow as well as the availability and suitability of information in this area to provide a basis to measure, report and verify mitigation support. A strengthened framework for reporting could be developed and layered into the existing system, e.g. via National Communications. Data gaps and reporting frequency could be corrected through improvements in National Communication guidelines and the development of a common reporting format. The UNFCCC could also collaborate with other institutions to develop and draw on more standardised data from other sources and to assure that information across sources is comparable and publicly available. A key aspect would be to provide a monitoring system that covers not just public but also private finance in mitigation specific as well as mitigation relevant areas. The absence of verification procedures in the current UNFCCC monitoring and review system for mitigation support should also be addressed. The Convention does not lay out specific guidelines for the review of mitigation support reported in National Communications and reported information is not formally cross checked with alternative information sources. Parties could agree to the elaboration of guidelines for review and verification to help determine whether Parties have employed agreed methods for self assessment and reporting on technology transfer, capacity building and financing, and whether reporting is conducted in a transparent manner. In addition, standardised reporting by recipient countries about funds received, use and usefulness of funds could also be an important addition to provide information for verification with information on contributions to mitigation support.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xh6h4r6-en
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  • 78
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    GHG Mitigation Actions : MRV Issues and Options (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/01
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Bali Action Plan (BAP) language on “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) greenhouse gas mitigation actions and commitments for a post-2012 climate framework was introduced to apply both to developed countries’ greenhouse gas (GHG) commitments and actions (paragraph 1(b)(i) of the BAP), as well as to “nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building” (paragraph 1(b)(ii)). This paper provides an overview of current efforts to assess if GHG mitigation actions underway in different countries and regions are “measurable, reportable and verifiable”. The paper also assesses how such efforts could be improved, explores MRV options for different types of GHG mitigation actions, and highlights decision points needed to establish a post-2012 framework.Several different types of GHG mitigation actions and commitments have been proposed for the post-2012 period. Some of these - such as national-level GHG emission limits - are already being used, with countries therefore already gaining experience with implementing, monitoring, reporting (and potentially reviewing or verifying the effects of) such actions/commitments. The extent of this experience varies both by type of action/commitment, as well as by country and sector. In general, Annex I countries have significant experience with monitoring and reporting national emission levels (reflecting their reporting commitments under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol). However, official reporting on other GHG-mitigation actions occurs every few years in Annex I countries and only irregularly in non-Annex I countries. Thus, significant new guidance would be needed if post-2012 MRV provisions were to focus on GHG mitigation actions rather than GHG emission levels. In deciding a MRV framework, it will be important to consider measurement, reporting and verification issues separately (as for example some non-supported actions may be reported but not verified). A transition process may also be needed for some countries, in terms of what is to be subject to MRV provisions, and how M, R and V are to be carried out.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4695890xd6-en
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  • 79
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    OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056527
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE pour renforcer l'intégrité dans les marchés publics
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. OECD OECD principles for integrity in public procurement
    DDC: 352.5/3
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Keywords: Government purchasing ; Governance ; OECD ; Integrität ; Öffentliche Beschaffung
    Abstract: The OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement are a ground-breaking instrument that promotes good governance in the entire procurement cycle, from needs assessment to contract management. Based on acknowledged good practices in OECD and non-member countries, they represent a significant step forward. They provide guidance for the implementation of international legal instruments developed within the framework of the OECD, as well as other organisations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organisation and the European Union. In addition to the Principles, this exhaustive publication includes a Checklist for implementing the framework throughout the entire public procurement cycle. It also gives a comprehensive map of risks that can help auditors prevent as well as detect fraud and corruption. Finally, it features a useful case study on Morocco, where a pilot application of the Principles was carried out. “The Checklist will help governments and agencies to develop more transparent, efficient procurement systems” -Nicolas Raigorodsky, Under-secretary of Transparency Policies, Anticorruption Office, Argentina “Public procurement is one of the most important public governance issues. Action is needed to ensure integrity by reducing bribery and corruption” -Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD “The general thrust and content of the document is commendable. Much of it tracks very closely to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law” -Stuart Gilman, Head of the UN Global Programme Against Corruption and the Anticorruption Unit, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Principles de l'OECD pour renforcer l'intégrité dans les marchés publics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056527-en
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  • 80
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    Governing Regional Development Policy : The Use of Performance Indicators (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056299
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conduire les politiques de développement régional ; Les indicateurs de performance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Governing regional development policy
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Regional planning ; Regional planning Case studies ; Regional economics ; Regional economics Case studies ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Regionalpolitik ; Anreizsystem ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This report examines both the challenges and the opportunities associated with designing and using indicator systems as a tool for the governance of regional development policy. It draws on the experiences of a number of OECD countries and provides an in-depth look at the cases of Italy, the United Kingdom (England), the United States and the European Union. It builds on previous OECD work on the governance of regional development policy by extending lessons about contractual relations among levels of government to performance indicator systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056299-en
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  • 81
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    Measuring Government Activity (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Measuring government activity
    DDC: 352
    RVK:
    MF 6500
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Government productivity Measurement ; Public administration Evaluation ; Governance ; Regierung ; Verwaltungshandeln ; Messung ; Regierung ; Verwaltungshandeln ; Messung
    Abstract: The size and the economic significance of the public sector make it a major contributor to economic growth and social welfare. The goods and services government provides, its redistributive and regulatory powers, and how those are exercised affect the way business is conducted and people live their lives in every country. Citizens are entitled to understand how government works and how public revenues are used. This book provides a significant contribution to developing a coherent, reliable system for data collection and analysis. It summarises the available OECD and other international data on public sector inputs and processes. It also examines the existing internationally comparable data on outputs and outcomes, and recommends new approaches to measurement.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Mesurer l'activité des administrations
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060784-en
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    Online Identity Theft (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056596
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Online identity theft
    DDC: 364.16/33
    RVK:
    ST 276
    Keywords: Phishing ; Identity theft ; Internet fraud ; Identity theft Prevention ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Identitätsdiebstahl ; Phishing
    Abstract: Using widely available Internet tools, internet thieves trick unsuspecting computer users into providing personal data, which they then use for illicit purposes, causing mistrust of online payment and banking services. This book defines identity theft and studies how it is perpetrated, outlines what is being done to combat the major types of ID theft, and recommends specific ways that ID theft can be addressed in an effective, global manner.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056596-en
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    Sectoral Market Mechanisms : Issues for Negotiation and Domestic Implementation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/05
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper reviews proposals for the design of sectoral and related market mechanisms that are being debated both in the UNFCCC negotiations and in different domestic legislative contexts. Decisions on the design and scope of the mechanisms in the UNFCCC negotiations would affect the future supply of credits, while developed countries’ legislations could influence demand. National actions to establish carbon markets may also constrain or enable international developments and options, as domestic policies may establish conditions or restrictions on the import of “international” offset credits or linkages with other national or regional carbon markets. The paper also addresses the possible principles and technical requirements that Parties may wish to consider, as the foundations for further elaboration of the mechanisms. Beyond principles, a number of elements of a more technical nature need to be sorted out to set up new market mechanisms, such as: eligibility for participation by developed countries, as buyers; technical definition of baselines, including guidance on a process to agree to baseline levels, and possible revisions; length of the crediting period and frequency of issuance of credits; new trading units and registries; and national authorities for the new mechanisms. In the case of trading, a compliance reserve and liability rules may be topics for discussion as well. The third issue explored by this paper is domestic implementation of sectoral market mechanisms by host countries, and how the transition between current and future mechanisms could be managed. Transition issues including the situation of existing CDM projects vis-à-vis broader crediting mechanisms and also sectoral trading must be clarified. Domestic policy implementation in developing countries is of paramount importance to ensure the effectiveness of possible new international market mechanisms. Several illustrations are offered to show how a mix of policies could be used to outperform a baseline to generate credits, and how credit revenues could be used to further support domestic policy implementation. Among the options discussed are subsidies to low-carbon technologies (e.g. feed-in tariffs), mandated performance standards, and an entity level baseline-and-crediting system.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k454d2srld2-en
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    OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Spain 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060074
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spain
    Keywords: Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain
    Abstract: The radical transformation that Spanish rural areas have experienced in the past few decades suggest, as it has occurred in many OECD countries, a new approach to rural policy. Spain has recently undertaken a major reform of its rural policies, including the merger of the Ministry of Agriculture with the Ministry of the Environment and the recently approved Law on Sustainable Development of Rural Areas. This new framework creates a multi-sectoral and place-based “rural policy of state”, making Spain better equipped to address the challenges and opportunities of rural areas. This report – undertaken at the same time as the reforms were being implemented – will interest both policy makers engaged in similar reform processes and others working on issues such the “political economy” of reforms, rural tourism, renewable energies, rural clusters, development of peri-urban areas and public service delivery in remote rural areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060074-en
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    Structural Reform and Capacity Building : Proceedings of the Eighth APEC-OECD Workshop on Regulatory Reform, Gyeongju, Korea, September 2005 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264051645
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p)
    Series Statement: APEC-OECD Co-operative Initiative on Regulatory Reform
    Keywords: Governance
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264051645-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 86
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    Building an Institutional Framework for Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) : Guidance for Policy Makers (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Construire un cadre institutionnel pour l'analyse d'impact de la réglementation (AIR) ; Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Construire un cadre institutionnel pour l'analyse d'impact de la réglementation (AIR) : Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) is a fundamental tool to help governments to assess the impacts of regulation. RIA is used to examine and measure the likely benefits, costs and effects of new or existing regulation. The implementation of RIA supports the process of policy-making by contributing valuable empirical data to policy decisions, and through the construction of a rational decision framework to examine the implications of potential regulatory policy options. This is an important factor in responding to the impact on modern economies of open international markets and budgetary constraints, and the consequences of competing policy demands. A key feature of RIA is its consideration of the potential economic impacts of regulatory proposals...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050013-en
    URL: Volltext
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    The Integrated Checklist: Putting Knowledge Into Practice : Proceedings of the Seventh APEC-OECD Workshop on Regulatory Reform, Bangkok, Thailand, November 2004 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264051638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p)
    Series Statement: APEC-OECD Co-operative Initiative on Regulatory Reform
    Keywords: Governance
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264051638-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Luxembourg 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038585
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Luxembourg 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Luxembourg 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Luxembourg
    Keywords: Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalpolitik ; Luxemburg ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Luxembourg ; Luxemburg ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionale Disparität
    Abstract: In the short span of just a few decades, Luxembourg has moved from a steel-based economy to one more broadly based on financial services. But being nestled between three other countries, each with their own infrastructure and development issues presents challenges. This review examines the economic trends and disparities within the region, including under-exploited assets. It makes recommendations regarding planning, the urban-rural balance, housing and land policy, transport, and R&D and education.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038585-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Japan 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: This review takes an in-depth look at the energy challenges facing Japan today and provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements to help guide the country towards a more sustainable energy future. Declaring climate change and environment as a top priority of the 2008 G8 Summit in Hokkaido, host country Japan has demonstrated its commitment to pressing ahead in these domains. Already a world leader in advancing energy technology transfer and environmental policy, the country is determined to further improve its domestic policies, moving it towards a more sustainable and secure energy pathway for the long term. Along with other accomplishments, government support for energy R&D is very strong and policies to enhance the efficiency of appliances – both for domestic consumption and export – are models for other countries. Yet there is still room for progress. Most importantly, a greater reliance on market forces throughout the system could lead customers to choices that enhance security, raise economic efficiency and promote environmental protection. Particularly with respect to climate change goals – Japan is the world’s fifth-largest greenhouse gas emitter – strengthening the value on greenhouse gas emissions would help give consumers the appropriate signals they need to make the right choices. Enhancing energy savings through efforts aimed at particular sectors (sectoral approaches) could be a part of the overall policy mix, along with ongoing leadership in promoting energy efficiency. The government should continue to work to complement existing voluntary instruments with stronger ones, including ones that rely more on market incentives, and standards and requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043367-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Portugal 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008977
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews Portugal; (Portuguese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews Portugal: (Portuguese version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: In order to curb rising unemployment and to upgrade low value-added activities, the competitive edge lost in low-cost labour must be earned back through education and innovation. Regional policy stands as a key tool to achieve this shift in a relatively small yet diverse country with moderate economic growth and limited public spending capacity. This report analyses how a paradigm shift in regional policy, building on the knowledge of both public and private stakeholders in specific regions (ranging from dynamic urban areas on the coast to lagging inland areas), could help Portugal fully exploit its potential for sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008977-en
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  • 91
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    Proceedings of the Second APEC-OECD Workshop on Regulatory Reform : Merida, Mexico, April 2002 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264051416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p)
    Series Statement: APEC-OECD Co-operative Initiative on Regulatory Reform
    Keywords: Governance
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264051416-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 92
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    OECD Guiding Principles for Regulatory Quality and Performance (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The goal of regulatory reform is to improve national economies and enhance their ability to adapt to change. Better regulation and structural reforms are necessary complements to sound fiscal and macroeconomic policies. Continual and far-reaching social, economic and technological changes require governments to consider the cumulative and inter-related impacts of regulatory regimes, to ensure that their regulatory structures and processes are relevant and robust, transparent, accountable and forward-looking. Regulatory reform is not a one-off effort but a dynamic, long-term, multi-disciplinary process...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056381-en
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  • 93
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    Energy in the Western Balkans : The Path to Reform and Reconstruction (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy in the Western Balkans
    RVK:
    QG 490
    RVK:
    QR 530
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Südosteuropa ; Albanien ; Bosnien-Herzegowina ; Kroatien ; Nordmazedonien ; Montenegro ; Serbien ; Kosovo ; Economic development Albania ; Economic development Former Yugoslav republics ; Energy policy Balkan Peninsula ; Power resources Balkan Peninsula ; Power resources Balkan Peninsula ; Statistics ; Energy ; Balkan Peninsula Economic conditions ; Südosteuropa ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energiebilanz ; Energiepolitik
    Abstract: The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. This is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042193-en
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    Shaping Policy Reform and Peer Review in Southeast Asia : Integrating Economies Amid Diversity (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039445
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Shaping policy reform and peer review in Southeast Asia
    RVK:
    QG 800
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsintegration ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Bewertung ; Südostasien ; Governance ; Southeast Asia Economic conditions ; Southeast Asia Economic policy ; Südostasien ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Integration
    Abstract: The Southeast Asian region has experienced remarkable economic dynamism in the past few decades. An interesting feature of recent developments in the region, is that in spite of its diversity, several initiatives have been launched towards integration. The peer review mechanism has been a tried and tested instrument for OECD member states to work together successfully over the past decades. This tool could benefit the Southeast Asian region as it helps identify good practices, establish standards and principles and ultimately improve the performance of participating economies. This publication presents the proceedings of a conference in which the possible application of peer reviews to address regional and domestic challenges in Southeast Asia were discussed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039445-en
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  • 95
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United States 2007 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; United States
    Abstract: The United States is the largest economy and energy user in the world. Significant developments have taken place in its energy policy since the last IEA review in 2002. Most important is the Energy Policy Act 2005 – a comprehensive energy legislation which has set new directions, including opening the way for a nuclear renaissance. Two closely connected challenges shape all debates on the nation’s energy policy path: how to increase security by reducing the dependence on imported supplies; and how to address growing emissions of greenhouse gases. This review takes an in-depth look at these issues and provides recommendations on how the United States can do more to answer the challenges of both improving its security of energy supply and lowering its emissions intensity, demonstrating the significant improvements that can already be realised through existing technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030749-en
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  • 96
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    Proceedings of the First APEC-OECD Workshop on Regulatory Reform : Beijing, China, September 2001 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264051447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p)
    Series Statement: APEC-OECD Co-operative Initiative on Regulatory Reform
    Keywords: Governance
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264051447-en
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  • 97
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; Pologne
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008; (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Poland
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Polen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Poland ; Polen ; Wirtschaftsstruktur
    Abstract: Although Poland has managed to maintain high growth levels since the mid-1990s, with the second-best performance in the OECD in 2006-07, territorial disparities are persistent and rising, especially between large urban areas and rural ones. Like many OECD countries, Poland must seek to achieve an appropriate balance between support for poles of growth and the development of lagging regions, particularly its eastern peripheral regions, which are among the poorest in the European Union. This report explores the various challenges and opportunities for Polish regional development policy, and provides recommendations to best design and implement the policy mix, looking in particular at governance challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049529-en
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    OECD e-Government Studies: Belgium 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055810
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Carpenter, Gwendolyn Belgium
    RVK:
    QX 810
    RVK:
    DV 2045
    Keywords: E-Government ; Belgien ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Belgium ; Belgien ; E-Government
    Abstract: Belgian citizens want the look and feel of a single public sector entity and the provision of integrated e-government services customised to their needs rather than to have to understand the complex division of governmental responsibilities. Belgium already has internationally recognised examples to show: most importantly the transformation of the social sector administration through e-governance tools, and more recently the link of e-government services to administrative-burden reduction. Future transformation will be enabled by the common electronic identity card (eID) that has been adopted by all governments. This report shows that the development and provision of the next generation of user-focused services will require the maximisation of synergies between the federal, regional and community governments and local authorities in Belgium.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055810-en
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  • 99
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    The Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan : Progress and Challenges (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: Fighting Corruption in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Istanbul anti-corruption action plan
    RVK:
    QL 415
    Keywords: Korruption ; Osteuropa ; Zentralasien ; Political corruption Asia, Central ; Political corruption Asia, Central ; Prevention ; Political corruption Europe, Eastern ; Political corruption Europe, Eastern ; Prevention ; Governance ; Osteuropa ; Zentralasien ; Korruption ; Bekämpfung
    Abstract: Corruption is a serious concern in many parts of the world. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, transition processes provided particularly rich ground for corruption. This volume analyses a broad range of anti-corruption measures recently implemented in Eastern Europe and Central Asia and identifies where interim progress has been achieved, and where further or reinforced action is needed. The book covers such areas as: anti-corruption strategies, and action plans and mechanisms to monitor their implementation; as well as anti-corruption criminal legislation and its application in practice, including the key role of specialised, independent and well-resourced anti-corruption law-enforcement bodies. The volume also examines a diverse range of measures to prevent corruption among public officials, in political parties, and in the private sector. It is rich with country data and practical examples, and will provide a useful source of information for anti-corruption decision makers and practitioners in Eastern Europe and Central Asia and beyond.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055094-en
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    Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy in Latin America : A Follow-up: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Peru (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Exámenes inter-pares de la política y del derecho de la competencia en América Latina ; Un seguimiento ; Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Perú
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Exámenes inter-pares de la política y del derecho de la competencia en América Latina : Un seguimiento : Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Perú
    Keywords: Governance ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Mexico ; Peru
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042001-en
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