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  • 1
    ISBN: 9781464801990
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank studies
    DDC: 305.50962
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821398289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.098
    Keywords: Finance ; Financial institutions ; Monetary policy ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Monetary policy ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Monetary policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821397796 , 9780821397794
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 90 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank study
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Community health services Finance ; Non-governmental organizations ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Community health services Finance ; Non-governmental organizations ; AIDS (Disease) ; Community health services ; Non-governmental organizations ; Prevention ; Finance ; Finance
    Abstract: In the past decade the global financial assistance for AIDS responses increased tremendously and the donor community provided greater resources to community responses. Yet little is known about the global magnitude of these resources and their allocation among HIV and AIDS activities and services. To address this knowledge gap, this report pulls together evidence from several different sources (donor data bases, surveys of civil society organizations, country funding profiles) to determine, among other things, how funds are reaching civil society and community-based organizations, how these funds are being used, and the degree to which these organizations rely on other sources of funding --
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionMethodology -- Terminology and Organization of the Report -- Note -- References -- Main Results -- Trends in Donor Funding -- Rationale for Civil Society Involvement in the AIDS Response -- Institutional Design of the Community Response -- Flow of Funds from Donors -- Country Funding Profiles -- International HIV/AIDS Alliance Survey of CSOs -- CADRE-OSISA Survey.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821397540 , 9780821397541 , 9780821397558
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 227 p) , 22 x 11 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: Finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics Government policy ; Financial institutions Statistics State supervision ; International finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics Government policy ; Financial institutions Statistics State supervision ; International finance Statistics ; Finance ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; International finance
    Abstract: A pocket edition of the Global Financial Development Database, published as part of the work on the Global Financial Development Report 2013: Rethinking the Role of the State in Finance. It contains 38 indicators of financial development in 205 economies, including measures of (1) financial depth, (2) access, (3) efficiency, and (4) stability of financial institutions and markets
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821374344 , 9780821374351
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 167 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.5082
    Keywords: Economic policy ; Income distribution Sex differences ; Macroeconomics ; Sex discrimination against women Economic aspects ; Sexual division of labor ; Women Economic conditions ; Economic policy ; Income distribution Sex differences ; Macroeconomics ; Sex discrimination against women Economic aspects ; Sexual division of labor ; Women Economic conditions ; Economic policy ; Income distribution ; Macroeconomics ; Sex differences ; Sex discrimination against women ; Sexual division of labor ; Economic aspects ; Women
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9780821378632 , 9780821385524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 179 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.2/9
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Finance ; Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-170) and index
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9780821388358 , 9780821388563
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 334 p) , ill. (some col.) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: MENA development report
    DDC: 332.10956
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking ; Finance ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Financial institutions ; Banks and banking ; Banks and banking ; Finance ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Financial institutions ; Banks and banking ; Banks and banking ; Finance ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Financial institutions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378406 , 0821378422 , 9780821378403 , 9780821378427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1〉) , ill., tables , 28 cm
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435/091724
    Keywords: Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Finance ; International finance ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Statistics ; Investments, Foreign
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1: Review, analysis, and outlookv. 2: Summary and country tables.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 0821381393 , 9780821381397
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 76 p) , ill., maps (some col.) , 25 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 177
    DDC: 332/.042
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Hondurans Finance ; Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Hondurans Finance ; Honduras Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Honduras Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects
    Note: "On behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development , Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4921
    Parallel Title: Wodon, Quentin May growth lead to higher deprivation despite higher satisfaction?
    Keywords: Economic development ; Income distribution ; Economic development ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "In a relative deprivation framework, unless inequality is reduced, growth is associated with both higher satisfaction and higher deprivation. This may help explain the discontent with growth despite its benefits. As is well known in the literature, knowledge of the population's mean income and Lorenz curve is all that is needed to analyze a distribution, so that this can also be used to assess the satisfaction and deprivation of each individual. Given the normalization used to derive the satisfaction and deprivation measures, satisfaction and deprivation add up to the mean income for the population as a whole as well as for each individual. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4815
    Parallel Title: Zaidi, Salman Main drivers of income inequality in Central European and Baltic countries
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "Present levels of income inequality in Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia remain considerably higher than their pre-transition levels, although the relative pace of change over time has varied quite a bit across countries. Using data from the 2006 European Union Survey of Income and Living Conditions, this paper finds that prevailing levels of income inequality in these countries continue to be low by international standards, and that this is in large part due to the very high redistributive impact of direct taxes and public transfers. In addition to the instrumental role of tax and transfer policies in redistributing income, the paper highlights the important role played by differences in education levels and labor market participation rates in explaining observed inequalities across people and across different regions (although not in explaining observed differences across countries). The paper includes an analysis of key factors that help explain observed variation across countries in the level of public support for redistribution, including peoples' economic background and relative success in life, whether they perceive poverty to be associated with factors within or outside the control of those it afflicts (for example, laziness/lack of willpower vs. injustice in society). "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 0821376012 , 0821376020 , 9780821376010 , 9780821376027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 195 p) , ill., col. map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 332.63/230954
    Keywords: Bond market ; Finance ; Bond market ; Finance ; Bond market ; Finance
    Note: Col. map on p. [2] of cover , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821373048 , 0821373056 , 9780821373040 , 9780821373057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 284 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 333.79/17
    Keywords: Energy policy ; Industries Energy conservation ; Finance ; Industries Energy consumption ; Energy policy ; Industries Energy conservation ; Finance ; Industries Energy consumption ; Energy policy ; Industries ; Industries
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-264) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4712
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César Infrastructure and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "An adequate supply of infrastructure services has long been viewed by both academics and policy makers as a key ingredient for economic development. Sub-Saharan Africa ranks consistently at the bottom of all developing regions in terms of infrastructure performance, and an increasing number of observers point to deficient infrastructure as a major obstacle for growth and poverty reduction across the region. This paper offers an empirical assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth and inequality, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper uses a comparative cross-regional perspective to place Africa's experience in the international context. Drawing from an updated data set of infrastructure quantity and quality indicators covering more than 100 countries and spanning the years 1960-2005, the paper estimates empirical growth and inequality equations including a standard set of control variables augmented by infrastructure quantity and quality measures, and controlling for the potential endogeneity of the latter. The estimates illustrate the potential contribution of infrastructure development to growth and equity across Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/18/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4715
    Parallel Title: Arbache, Jorge Saba Hunting for leopards
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "This paper examines the country-level dynamics of long-run growth in Africa between 1975 and 2005. The authors examine how growth has affected mobility and the distribution of income among countries. They analyze changes in cross-country income structure and convergence, and look for evidence of the formation of country groups or "clubs." Using a novel method of breaking up the growth histories of African economies into medium-term spells of growth accelerations and declines, the authors investigate whether a group of African "leopards" - the regional equivalent of Asia's "tigers" - is beginning to emerge. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/18/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4700
    Parallel Title: Luo, Xubei Rising income inequality in China
    Keywords: Income Regional disparities ; Income distribution ; Income Regional disparities ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "Income inequality in China has risen rapidly in the past decades across regions, between rural and urban sectors, and within provinces. The dynamics of divergence across these sub-national areas have taken the form of a "race to the top" - meaning that all segments of the population, including the poor with low education in lagging inland rural areas, have experienced gains in average income. The largest gains have been registered by those with higher income and education in leading coastal urban areas. Using the China Economic, Population, Nutrition and Health Survey data of 1989 and 2004, we show that the most important factors explaining overall inequality are differential returns to schooling and sector of employment. A decomposition analysis based on household income determination shows that the increase in returns to education explains two-thirds of income changes in urban areas and one-sixth in rural areas. The widening income gaps are the consequence of higher growth in leading urban and coastal areas and that the skilled population has benefited more from the economic reforms carried out during the last 25 years. The authors argue that rising income inequality can be part of a normal process of development at a certain stage, and that the dynamics of spatial income divergence in the form of "a race to the top" can be desirable to some extent as it unleashes competitive pressure and creates incentives for investment in skills. Continuing to improve market efficiency and investing in people, in particular improving education service in lagging areas to poor people, are important for sustainable growth and equitable distribution in the long run. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/18/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821374486 , 9780821374481
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 125 p) , col. ill., col. map , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 362.196/979200967
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; World Bank ; World Bank ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) International cooperation ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Tables economics ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Tables prevention & control ; HIV Infections Tables economics ; HIV Infections Tables prevention & control ; International Agencies Tables ; International Cooperation Tables ; Regional Health Planning Tables ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) International cooperation ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Tables economics ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Tables prevention & control ; HIV Infections Tables economics ; HIV Infections Tables prevention & control ; International Agencies Tables ; International Cooperation Tables ; Regional Health Planning Tables ; World Bank ; World Bank ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; International Agencies ; International Cooperation ; Regional Health Planning
    Description / Table of Contents: The diagnosis -- The Bank's response to date -- Strategic challenges in the new environment -- The agenda for action 2007-2011 -- Operational implications for the Bank.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118) and index
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4733
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Is the developing world catching up?
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Developing countries Economic conditions
    Abstract: "The present study uses the GIDD, a CGE-microsimulation model for Global Income Distribution Dynamics, to understand the ex-ante dynamics of global income distribution. Three main robust results emerge. First, under a set of realistic assumptions, there will be a reduction in global income inequality by 2030. This potential reduction can be fully accounted for by the projected convergence in average incomes across countries, with poor and populous countries growing faster than the rest of the world. Second, this convergence process will be accompanied by a widening of income distribution in two-thirds of the developing countries; the main cause being increasing skill premia. Third, a trend that may counter-balance the potential anti-globalization sentiment is the emergence of a global middle class: a group of consumers who demand access to, and have the means to purchase, international goods and services. The results show that the share of these consumers in the global population is likely to more than double in the next 20 years. These ex-ante trends in global income distribution suggest that the mid-1990s could be seen as a turning point after which global inequality began showing a negative tendency. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821371932 , 0821371940 , 9780821371930 , 9780821371947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 220 p) , col. ill , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 362.109172/4
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; World Bank ; World Bank ; Developing Countries ; Financial Support ; International Agencies ; Nutrition policy Finance ; Population assistance Finance ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; Public health Finance ; Public health International cooperation ; Developing Countries ; Financial Support ; International Agencies ; Nutrition policy Finance ; Population assistance Finance ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; Public health Finance ; Public health International cooperation ; World Bank ; World Bank ; Developing Countries ; Financial Support ; International Agencies ; Nutrition policy ; Population assistance ; Public Health ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Public Policy ; Finance ; Finance ; Public health ; Public health
    Description / Table of Contents: Executive summary -- Introduction and overview -- Opportunities and challenges in the new international environment in health -- Bank contribution and challenges in implementing the 1997 HNP strategy -- How can the bank better serve client countries in the new environment? Bank comparative advantages for HNP results -- New bank strategic objectives: what HNP results? -- New bank strategic directions: how should the bank support client-country efforts? -- Implications for priority health, nutrition, and population programs and interventions -- Implementing new bank HNP strategic directions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-210) and index
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3870
    Parallel Title: Cunningham, Wendy V Do minimum wages in Latin America and the Caribbean matter?
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Minimum wage ; Minimum wage ; Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Minimum wage ; Minimum wage
    Abstract: "Despite the existence of minimum wage legislation in most Latin American countries, there is little empirical evidence demonstrating its impact on the distribution of wages. In this study the authors analyze cross-country data for 19 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries to gain an understanding of if and how minimum wages affect wage distributions in LAC countries. Although there is no single minimum wage institution in the LAC region, the authors find regional trends. Minimum wages affect the wage distribution in both the formal and, especially, the informal sector, both at the minimum wage and at multiples of the minimum. The minimum does not uniformly benefit low-wage workers: in countries where the minimum wage is relatively low compared to mean wages, the minimum wage affects the more disadvantaged segments of the labor force, namely informal sector workers, women, young and older workers, and the low skilled, but in countries where the minimum wage is relatively high compared to the wage distribution, it primarily affects wages of the high skilled. This indicates that the minimum does not generally lift the wages of all, but instead, it offers a wage into which employers can "lock in" wages that are already near that level. Thus, minimum wage legislation is more far-reaching than originally thought, affecting both the uncovered informal sector and those earning above the minimum. In addition, the relative level of the minimum wage is important for determining whose wages are affected. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/5/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3902
    Parallel Title: Lederman, Daniel Political institutions, inequality, and agricultural growth
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Subsidies ; Income distribution ; Subsidies ; Latin America Appropriations and expenditures ; Latin America Appropriations and expenditures
    Abstract: "This paper brings together the literatures on the political economy of public expenditures and the determinants of economic growth. Based on a new dataset of rural public expenditures in a panel of Latin American economies, the econometric evidence suggests that non-social subsidies reduce agricultural GDP. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that political and institutional factors as well as income inequality are determinants of the size and structure of rural public expenditures, through which they have large and significant effects on agricultural GDP. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/24/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3931
    Parallel Title: Lopez, J. Humberto Did growth become less pro-poor in the 1990s ?
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic history 1990- ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Economic development ; Economic history 1990- ; Equality ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "The author analyzes the stability of the empirical relationship between growth and changes in inequality over time. He concludes that while during the 1970s and 1980s the growth process was not accompanied by increases in inequality, during the 1990s a positive and significant correlation appears in the data. For this decade, he estimates that a 1 percent growth rate would be associated with an increase in the gini coefficient of between .3 to .5 percent. This positive correlation is hidden when one estimates the model without allowing for changes in the relationship over the different decades. The finding is robust to a number of departures from the basic specification including: (1) the use of alternative specifications to isolate decadal shifts; (2) the use of robust estimation techniques that address the potential influence of outliers; (3) restricting the sample to a balanced panel for the 1980s and 1990s to control for changes in the composition of the sample related to the unbalanced nature of the panel; and (4) considering the possibility of fixed effects in the data. The author also explores the impact of this structural change in the rate of poverty reduction and concludes that it is far from negligible. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/30/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3964
    Parallel Title: Ersado, Lire Income diversification in Zimbabwe
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Zimbabwe Economic conditions 1980- ; Zimbabwe Economic conditions 1980-
    Abstract: "The author examines, taking into account the urban-rural divides, the changes and welfare implications of income diversification in Zimbabwe following macroeconomic policy changes and droughts of the early 1990s. Data from two comparable national income, consumption and expenditure surveys in 1990-91 and 1995-96, which straddled a period of economic volatility and natural disasters, show that the percentage of households earning income from private and informal sources grew considerably, while that from government and formal sources declined in the aftermath of the drought and policy changes. The author finds that, in general, rural households tend to have a more diversified portfolio of income compared with their urban counterparts, and the degree of diversification decreases with the level of urbanization. However, there are important differences in the level of diversification within the rural and urban areas depending on wealth: While the relatively better-off households have a more diversified income base in rural areas, it is the poor who pursue multiple income sources in urban areas. A decomposition of changes in welfare indicates that the total contribution of income diversification is large and increased between 1990-91 and 1995-96 in both urban and rural areas. On the other hand, there were significant declines in returns to human and physical capital assets during the same period. The findings suggest that households with a more diversified income base are better able to withstand the unfavorable impacts of the policy and weather shocks. The fact that relatively better-off households have a more diversified income base following the shocks implies that the poor are more vulnerable to economic changes unaccompanied by well-designed safety nets. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3997
    Parallel Title: Araujo, M. Caridad Local inequality and project choice
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments
    Abstract: "This paper provides evidence consistent with elite capture of Social Fund investment projects in Ecuador. Exploiting a unique combination of data-sets on village-level income distributions, Social Fund project administration, and province level electoral results, the authors test a simple model of project choice when local political power is unequally distributed. In accordance with the predictions of the model, poorer villages are more likely to receive projects that provide excludable (private) goods to the poor, such as latrines. Controlling for poverty, more unequal communities are less likely to receive such projects. Consistent with the hypothesis of elite capture, these results are sensitive to the specific measure of inequality used in the empirical analysis, and are strongest for expenditure shares at the top of the distribution. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/6/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3816
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H. G Inequality of opportunity and economic development
    Keywords: Educational equalization ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Power (Social sciences) ; Wealth ; Educational equalization ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Power (Social sciences) ; Wealth
    Abstract: "Just as equality of opportunity becomes an increasingly prominent concept in normative economics, the authors argue that it is also a relevant concept for positive models of the links between distribution and aggregate efficiency. Persuasive microeconomic evidence suggests that inequalities in wealth, power, and status have efficiency costs. These variables capture different aspects of people's opportunity sets, for which observed income may be a poor proxy. One implication is that the cross-country literature on income inequality and growth may have been barking up the wrong tree, and that alternative measures of the relevant distributions are needed. The authors review some of the detailed microeconomic evidence, and then suggest three research areas where further work is needed. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/13/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3850
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Do regional trade pacts benefit the poor?
    Keywords: Free trade ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Free trade ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The main objective of this paper is to provide an ex-ante assessment of the poverty and income distribution impacts of the Central American Free Trade Area agreement on Nicaragua. The authors use a general equilibrium macro model to simulate trade reform scenarios and estimate their price effects, while a micro-module maps these price changes into real income changes at the individual household level. A useful insight from this analysis is that even if the final total impact on poverty is not too large, its dispersion across households-due to their heterogeneity of factor endowments, inputs use, commodity production, and consumption preferences-is significant and should be taken into account when designing compensatory policies. Additionally, growth and redistribution decomposition show that, at least in the short to medium run, redistribution can be as important as growth. The main policy message that emerges from the paper is that Nicaragua should consider enlarging its own liberalization to countries other than the United States to boost trade-induced poverty reductions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3865
    Parallel Title: Milanovic, Branko Global income inequality
    Keywords: Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "The paper presents a nontechnical summary of the current state of debate on the measurement and implications of global inequality (inequality between citizens of the world). It discusses the relationship between globalization and global inequality. And it shows why global inequality matters and proposes a scheme for global redistribution. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3867
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H. G The rise and fall of Brazilian inequality, 1981-2004
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Inflation (Finance) ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Inflation (Finance) ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Measured by the Gini coefficient, income inequality in Brazil rose from 0.57 in 1981 to 0.63 in 1989, before falling back to 0.56 in 2004. This latest figure would lower Brazil's world inequality rank from 2nd (in 1989) to 10th (in 2004). Poverty incidence also followed an inverted U-curve over the past quarter century, rising from 0.30 in 1981 to 0.33 in 1993, before falling to 0.22 in 2004. Using standard decomposition techniques, this paper presents a preliminary investigation of the determinants of Brazil's distributional reversal over this period. The rise in inequality in the 1980s appears to have been driven by increases in the educational attainment of the population in a context of convex returns, and by high and accelerating inflation. While the secular decline in inequality, which began in 1993, is associated with declining inflation, it also appears to have been driven by four structural and policy changes which have so far not attracted sufficient attention in the literature, namely sharp declines in the returns to education; pronounced rural-urban convergence; increases in social assistance transfers targeted to the poor; and a possible decline in racial inequality. Although poverty dynamics since the Real Plan of 1994 have been driven primarily by economic growth, the decline in inequality has also made a substantial contribution to poverty reduction. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3919
    Parallel Title: Lopez Acevedo, Gladys Mexico
    Keywords: Educational equalization ; Income distribution ; Educational equalization ; Income distribution ; Mexico Economic conditions 1982-1994 ; Mexico Economic conditions 1994- ; Mexico Economic conditions 1982-1994 ; Mexico Economic conditions 1994-
    Abstract: "Mexico experienced a pronounced increase in the degree of inequality and earnings inequality over the 1980s and mid 1990s. Contrary to the trend in the distribution of total income inequality, there has been an improvement in the distribution of earnings inequality since 1996. This paper shows the following results. First, education has the highest gross contribution in explaining changes in earnings distribution. Second, both changes in the distribution of education and in the relative earnings among educational groups have always been in phase with the alterations in the earnings distribution. Specifically, when the income profile effect related to education became steeper and the inequality of education increased, the earnings distribution worsened (as in the 1988-96 period). Third, changes in the relative earnings among educational groups are always the leading force behind changes in inequality. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/17/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3938
    Parallel Title: Beck, Thorsten Creating a more efficient financial system
    Keywords: Banks and banking Government policy ; Finance ; Banks and banking Government policy ; Finance
    Abstract: "While Bangladesh has embarked on a path to reform its financial system, most prominently by privatizing its government-owned banks, the Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), a sustainable long-term expansion of the financial system requires a more substantial change in the role of government. Using recent research and international comparisons, this paper argues that the government should move from its role as an operator and arbiter in the financial system to a facilitator role. This implies not only divestment from government-owned banks, but also de-politicization of the licensing process and a market-based bank failure resolution framework that focuses on intermediation and not on the rescue of individual institutions. Most important, the government should move away from the implicit guarantee for depositors and owners to applying the existing limited explicit deposit insurance for depositors, while simultaneously relying more on market participants to monitor and discipline banks instead of micro-managing financial institutions. This redefinition of government's role should not be limited to the banking system, but applies to other segments of the financial system, such as capital markets and the micro-finance sector, and should be seen as an essential element in the governance reform agenda and in the movement from a relationship-based economy to a market and arms-length economy. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/30/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3963
    Parallel Title: Torre, Augusto de la Financial development in Latin America
    Keywords: Finance ; Finance
    Abstract: "This paper argues that the dominant policy paradigm on financial development is increasingly insufficient to address big emerging issues that are particularly relevant for financial systems in Latin America. This paradigm was shaped over the past decades by a fundamental shift in thinking toward market-based financial development and a complex process of financial crises interpretation. The result has been a richly textured policy paradigm focused on promoting financial stability and the convergence to international standards. It argues, however, that there is a growing dissonance between the current paradigm and the emerging issues, which is illustrated by discussing challenges in three areas: stock markets, small and medium enterprise loans, and defined-contribution pension funds. The paper concludes that the dominant policy paradigm is ill-suited to provide significant guidance in relation to the big emerging issues. It emphasizes the need to take a fresh look at the evidence, improve the diagnoses, revisit expectations, and revise the paradigm. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3981
    Parallel Title: Gourdon, Julien Openness, inequality, and poverty
    Keywords: Equality ; Free trade ; Income distribution ; Equality ; Free trade ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "Using tariffs as a measure of openness, the authors find consistent evidence that the conditional effects of trade liberalization on inequality are correlated with relative factor endowments. Trade liberalization is associated with increases in inequality in countries well-endowed in highly skilled workers and capital or with workers that have very low education levels and in countries relatively well-endowed in mining and fuels. Trade liberalization is associated with decreases in inequality in countries that are well-endowed with primary-educated labor. Similar results are also apparent when decile data are used instead of the usual Gini coefficient. The results are strongly supportive of the factor-proportions theory of trade and suggest that trade liberalization in poor countries where the share of the labor force with very low education levels (likely employed in nontradable activities) is high raises inequality. In the sample, countries with low education levels also have relatively scarce endowments of capital. Quantitatively capital scarcity is the dominating effect so that trade liberalization is accompanied by reduced income inequality in low-income countries. Within-country inequality is also positively correlated with measures of macroeconomic instability. Simulation results suggest that relatively small changes in inequality as measured by aggregate measures of inequality like the Gini coefficient are magnified when estimates are carried out using decile data. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3836
    Parallel Title: Do, Quy Toan Trade, inequality, and the political economy of institutions
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; International trade ; Equality ; Income distribution ; International trade
    Abstract: "The authors analyze the relationship between international trade and the quality of economic institutions such as contract enforcement, rule of law, or property rights. The literature on institutions has argued, both empirically and theoretically, that larger firms care less about good institutions and that higher inequality leads to worse institutions. Recent literature on international trade enables the authors to analyze economies with heterogeneous firms, and argue that trade opening leads to a reallocation of production in which large firms grow larger, while small firms become smaller or disappear. Combining these two strands of literature, the authors build a model that has two key features. First, preferences over institutional quality differ across firms and depend on firm size. Second, institutional quality is endogenously determined in a political economy framework. They show that trade opening can worsen institutions when it increases the political power of a small elite of large exporters that prefer to maintain bad institutions. The detrimental effect of trade on institutions is most likely to occur when a small country captures a sufficiently large share of world exports in sectors characterized by economic profits. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/7/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3905
    Parallel Title: Galiano, Sebastian Trends in tariff reforms and trends in wage inequality
    Keywords: Free trade ; Income distribution ; Wages ; Free trade ; Income distribution ; Wages
    Abstract: "The authors provide new evidence on the impacts of trade reforms on wages and wage inequality in developing countries. While most of the current literature on the topic achieves identification by comparing outcomes before and after one episode of trade liberalization across industries, they propose a stronger identifying strategy. The authors explore the recent historical record of policy changes adopted by Argentina: from significant protection in the early 1970s, to the first episode of liberalization during the late 1970s, back to a slowdown of reforms during the 1980s, to the second episode of liberalization in the 1990s. These swings in trade policy comprise broken trends in trade reforms that they can compare with observed trends in wages and wage inequality. After setting up unusual historical data sets of trends in tariffs, trends in wages, and trends in wage inequality, the evidence supports two well-known hypotheses: trade liberalization, other things being equal, (1) has reduced wages, and (2) has increased wage inequality. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3955
    Parallel Title: Demirguç-Kunt, Asli Finance and economic development
    Keywords: Finance ; Finance ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Abstract: "The empirical literature on finance and development suggests that countries with better developed financial systems experience faster economic growth. Financial development-as captured by size, depth, efficiency, and reach of financial systems-varies sharply around the world, with large differences among countries at similar levels of income. This paper argues that governments play an important role in building effective financial systems and discusses different policy options to make finance work for development. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3957
    Parallel Title: Aggarwal, Reena Do workers' remittances promote financial development ?
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Emigrant remittances ; Finance
    Abstract: "Workers' remittances to developing countries have become the second largest type of flows after foreign direct investment. The authors use data on workers' remittance flows to 99 developing countries from 1975-2003 to study the impact of remittances on financial sector development. In particular, they examine whether remittances contribute to increasing the aggregate level of deposits and credit intermediated by the local banking sector. This is an important question considering the extensive literature that has documented the growth-enhancing and poverty-reducing effects of financial development. The findings provide strong support for the notion that remittances promote financial development in developing countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3961
    Parallel Title: Bourguignon, François Global redistribution of income
    Keywords: Commercial policy ; Economic assistance ; Income distribution ; Commercial policy ; Economic assistance ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "The actual distribution of world income across countries is extremely unequal, much higher than the within country inequality faced by most countries. The question studied in this paper is: How do international policies on aid, trade, and factor movements affect the international distribution of income? To begin to answer this question, the authors calculate the impact by decile of the actual level of aid flows and the effect on potential income of merchandise trade restrictions by high-income countries. They find that aid's distributional impact is equality enhancing. While it is extremely small in terms of changes in standard inequality measures, it is of some importance for the lowest decile of the world's income distribution. The authors also find that some of this impact is counteracted by lost potential income in the lower deciles from merchandise trade barriers imposed by high-income countries. In brief, there is a contradiction in international policies where aid's equality-enhancing effect is somewhat offset by protectionism. They also discuss some of the analytical difficulties with extending this analysis of redistribution to other forms of international factor flows-more specifically, migrant worker and profit remittances. The analysis presented is partial and static and ignores within country distribution. As such, the authors suggest that future research should explore the distributional consequences of the broader general equilibrium effects, dynamic effects, and externalities associated with aid, trade, and factor flows. Future research should also analyze the within country distributional impacts of international policies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3579
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin A poverty-inequality trade-off?
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The idea that developing countries face a trade-off between poverty and inequality has had considerable influence on thinking about development policy. The experience of developing countries in the 1990s does not, however, reveal any sign of a systematic trade-off between measures of absolute poverty and relative inequality. Indeed, falling inequality tends to come with falling poverty incidence. And rising inequality appears more likely to be putting a brake on poverty reduction than to be facilitating it. However, there is evidence of a trade-off for absolute inequality, suggesting that those who want a lower absolute gap between the rich and the poor must in general be willing to see lower absolute levels of living for poor people. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/6/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3659
    Parallel Title: Honohan, Patrick Banking sector crises and inequality
    Keywords: Financial crises ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Financial crises ; Income distribution ; Poor
    Abstract: "An apparent temporary narrowing of income inequality has been observed during several recent banking crises. But it would be a mistake to conclude that such crises don't matter for the poor. For one thing, the correlation is not strong, and the opposite pattern has also been present. Besides, the poor are much less able to absorb a cut in income: safety-net policies are crucial during a downturn even if the gap between rich and poor has temporarily narrowed. More fundamentally, distributional shifts during the crisis may be less important than the fact that underlying financial policy and infrastructures conducive to crisis can also be associated with more unequal societies."--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3559
    Parallel Title: Wagstaff, Adam Decomposing changes in income inequality into vertical and horizontal redistribution and reranking, with applications to China and Vietnam
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Progressive taxation ; Progressive taxation ; Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Progressive taxation ; Progressive taxation ; China Economic conditions 1976-2000 ; Vietnam Economic conditions 1975- ; China Economic conditions 1976-2000 ; Vietnam Economic conditions 1975-
    Abstract: "It is acknowledged that the lack of any systematic link between growth and income inequality does not necessarily mean that economic growth is not accompanied by major changes in the underlying income distribution. The author uses a method devised to decompose the redistributive effect of a tax to analyze the extent to which vertical redistribution associated with changing incomes over time is offset or reinforced by horizontal redistribution and re-ranking. He uses panel data from China and Vietnam over a period when both countries grew spectacularly as they transitioned from planned to market economies, and yet experienced smaller annual percentage increases in income inequality. The results suggest that substantial amounts of horizontal redistribution and re-ranking in both China-and to a lesser extent Vietnam-more than offset pro-poor vertical redistribution. Without the horizontal redistribution and re-ranking, the Gini coefficient for China might have fallen between 1989 and 1997-substantially so. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/25/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3731
    Parallel Title: Francois, Joseph F Equity, welfare, and the setting of trade policy in general equilibrium
    Keywords: Commercial policy ; Equilibrium (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Welfare economics ; Commercial policy ; Equilibrium (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Welfare economics
    Abstract: "The authors analyze general equilibrium relationships between trade policy and the household distribution of income, decomposing social welfare into real income level and variance components and emphasizing Gini and Atkinson indexes. They embed these inequality-adjusted social welfare functions in a general equilibrium structure mapping from tariff protection to household inequality. This yields predictions regarding the linkages between trade protection, country characteristics, and inequality within a broad general equilibrium framework. In addition, the authors can separate the efficiency and equity effects of tariffs on welfare. They then examine endogenous tariff formation when policymakers care about both equity and special interests. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/29/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3745
    Parallel Title: Antman, Francisca Earnings mobility and measurement error
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; Labor market ; Social mobility ; Wages ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Labor market ; Social mobility ; Wages
    Abstract: "The degree of mobility in incomes is often seen as an important measure of the equality of opportunity in a society and of the flexibility and freedom of its labor market. But estimation of mobility using panel data is biased by the presence of measurement error and non-random attrition from the panel. This paper shows that dynamic pseudo-panel methods can be used to consistently estimate measures of absolute and conditional mobility in the presence of non-classical measurement errors. These methods are applied to data on earnings from a Mexican quarterly rotating panel. Absolute mobility in earnings is found to be very low in Mexico, suggesting that the high level of inequality found in the cross-section will persist over time. However, the paper finds conditional mobility to be high, so that households are able to recover quickly from earnings shocks. These findings suggest a role for policies which address underlying inequalities in earnings opportunities. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3541
    Parallel Title: Seshan, Ganesh The impact of trade liberalization on household welfare in Vietnam
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Free trade ; Households ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Cost and standard of living ; Free trade ; Households ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Abstract: "What is the effect of trade liberalization on households in developing countries? To what extent do the poor benefit when local markets are made more accommodative to international trade? The author empirically analyzes the distributional impact of trade policies on households in a low-income country with a large rural economy where labor markets are imperfect. The methodology in this paper, which can be applied to various types of labor market conditions, relates changes in prices attributed to trade reforms to changes in household welfare, income distribution, and poverty using theoretically consistent measures of producer and consumer welfare. The author investigates the effects on poverty and income distribution of national and international market integration in Vietnam's rice sector and fertilizer market between 1993 and 1998, a period of ongoing market reforms when the national poverty rate fell sharply from 59 percent to 37 percent. He finds that when the effects of opening the rice and fertilizer market are isolated, Vietnam's agricultural trade reforms did not contribute to a significant improvement in overall household welfare or decline in poverty over this period. Nonetheless, the liberalization exercise can explain about half of the reduction in poverty incidence among farm households. The results also show that liberalization did not exacerbate income inequality, but did generate gains for rural households across the distribution, particularly the poor, at the expense of urban households. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3660
    Parallel Title: Feijen, Erik Do incumbents manipulate access to finance during banking crises?
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Finance ; Financial crises ; Political corruption ; Banks and banking ; Finance ; Financial crises ; Political corruption
    Abstract: "The author tests the hypothesis that during systemic banking crises, access to finance is opportunistically tightened by incumbents to eliminate or weaken competition from mainly young firms. He finds this to be especially true in more corrupt countries. To do so, he uses a methodology similar to Rajan and Zingales (1998) on three-digit manufacturing industry-level data provided by the United Nations Statistics Division for about 15 industrial and developing countries in over 20 industries on average. The author shows that price-cost margins in externally more financially dependent industries are higher during crisis than in externally less dependent industries in countries with higher levels of corruption. He finds the opposite relationship for the change in the industry-level number of establishments during a crisis. The results withstand an array of robustness checks, including using different indices of corruption, different controls, and robust estimation techniques. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3543
    Parallel Title: Korinek, Anton Survey nonresponse and the distribution of income
    Keywords: Household surveys ; Income distribution ; Household surveys ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "The authors examine the distributional implications of selective compliance in sample surveys, whereby households with different incomes are not equally likely to participate. They discuss poverty and inequality measurement implications for monotonically decreasing and inverted-U compliance-income relationships. The authors demonstrate that the latent income effect on the probability of compliance can be estimated from information on response rates across geographic areas. On implementing the method on the Current Population Survey for the United States, they find that the compliance probability falls monotonically as income rises. Correcting for non-response appreciably increases mean income and inequality, but has only a small impact on poverty incidence up to poverty lines common in the United States. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3677
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Inequality is bad for the poor
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Poor ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Poverty
    Abstract: "It has been argued that inequality should be of little concern in poor countries on the grounds that (1) absolute poverty in terms of consumption (or income) is the overriding issue in poor countries, and (2) the only thing that really matters to reducing absolute income poverty is the rate of economic growth. The author takes (1) as given but questions (2). He argues that there are a number of ways in which the extent of inequality in a society, and how it evolves over time, influences the extent of poverty today and the prospects for rapid poverty reduction in the future. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/18/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821358804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 281 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 339.2/2/0981
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Brazil ; Brazil Economic conditions 1985- ; Brazil Economic conditions 1985-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3243
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Competing concepts of inequality in the globalization debate
    Keywords: Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3333
    Parallel Title: Dollar, David Globalization, poverty, and inequality since 1980
    Keywords: Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3313
    Parallel Title: Available in another form On the unequal inequality of poor communities
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/7/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3416
    Parallel Title: Bayraktar, Nihal Foreign bank entry, performance of domestic banks, and sequence of financial liberalization
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking, Foreign ; Finance ; Banks and banking ; Banks and banking, Foreign ; Finance
    Abstract: "The openness or internationalization of financial services is a complex issue because it is closely related to structural reforms in the domestic financial sector with some perceived implications for macroeconomic stability. Bayraktar and Wang investigate the impact of foreign bank entry on the performance of domestic banks and how this relationship is affected by the sequence of financial liberalization. Their data set is constructed from the BankScope database, including 30 industrial and developing countries, and covering the period from 1995 to 2002. The authors apply panel data regressions by pooling all countries together, and by grouping countries according to the sequence of their financial liberalization. One observation based on descriptive analysis is that the degree of openness to foreign bank entry varies a great deal, which is not correlated with average income levels or with GDP growth. Second, the sequence of financial liberalization matters for the performance of the domestic banking sector: After controlling for macroeconomic variables and grouping countries by their sequence of liberalization, foreign bank entry has significantly improved domestic bank competitiveness in countries that liberalized their stock market first. In these countries, both profit and cost indicators are negatively related to the share of foreign banks. Countries that liberalized their capital account first seem to have benefited less from foreign bank entry compared with the other two sets of countries. This paper a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, World Bank Institute is part of a larger effort in the institute to develop materials for capacity building on trade in financial services"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3199
    Parallel Title: Thorburn, Craig On the measurement of solvency of insurance companies
    Keywords: Finance ; Insurance companies ; Finance ; Insurance companies
    Note: "January 23, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 27, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3258
    Parallel Title: Castagnini, Raffaella Comparing land reform and land markets in Colombia
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Land reform ; Rural development ; Income distribution ; Land reform ; Rural development
    Note: "March 26, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 29, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3336
    Parallel Title: Monga, Célestin Dynamics of income inequality and welfare in Latvia in the late 1990s
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3363
    Parallel Title: Fuchs, Michael Structural issues in the Kenyan financial system
    Keywords: Finance ; Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3400
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César The effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution
    Keywords: Economic development ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Economic development ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Calderán and Serven provide an empirical evaluation of the impact of infrastructure development on economic growth and income distribution using a large panel data set encompassing over 100 countries and spanning the years 1960-2000. The empirical strategy involves the estimation of simple equations for GDP growth and conventional inequality measures, augmented to include, among the regressors, infrastructure quantity and quality indicators, in addition to standard controls. To account for the potential endogeneity of infrastructure (as well as that of other regressors), the authors use a variety of generalized-method-of-moments (GMM) estimators based on both internal and external instruments and report results using both disaggregated and synthetic measures of infrastructure quantity and quality. The two robust results are: (1) growth is positively affected by the stock of infrastructure assets, and (2) income inequality declines with higher infrastructure quantity and quality. A variety of specification tests suggests that these results do capture the causal impact of the exogenous component of infrastructure quantity and quality on growth and inequality. These two results combined suggest that infrastructure development can be highly effective to combat poverty. Furthermore, illustrative simulations for Latin American countries suggest that these impacts are economically quite significant and highlight the growth acceleration and inequality reduction that would result from increased availability and quality of infrastructure. This paper a joint product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Department and the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region is part of a larger effort in the region to assess the effects of infrastructure development"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3467
    Parallel Title: Verbeek, Jos Economic growth, income distribution, and poverty in Poland during transition
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Poland Economic conditions 1990- ; Poland Economic policy 1990- ; Poland Economic conditions 1990- ; Poland Economic policy 1990-
    Abstract: "Paci, Sasin, and Verbeek attempt to analyze the linkages between macroeconomic policies and economic growth variables, their movement over time, and their impact on poverty in the case of Poland. Poland, a middle-income country, is of particular interest because its data sources allow for a relatively detailed analysis of such developments, and the macroeconomic environment and the economic growth variables show a relatively sizable degree of variance. In addition, Poland has struggled in the past few years to reduce poverty while still experiencing positive economic growth. The authors show that in Poland, poverty-reducing growth depends heavily on the ability of the economy to generate jobs. During the early years of transition, net job growth was positive, while after the Russian crisis of 1998, productivity gains were accomplished mostly through labor shedding, henceforth, increasing poverty in Poland. In addition, the authors identify how fiscal and social protection policies affect income distribution and poverty in Poland. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze the links between post-transition economic growth and poverty reduction"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C ; [New York] : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 0821354817
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 221 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Series Statement: A World Bank policy research report
    Parallel Title: Reproduktion von Breaking the conflict trap
    DDC: 303.6/4/091724
    Keywords: Entwicklungsländer ; Gesellschaft ; Politik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Bürgerkrieg ; Konfliktregelung ; Kriegsgefahr ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Developing countries Politics and government 21st century ; Entwicklungsländer ; Civil war ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries ; Civil war ; Social aspects ; Developing countries ; Economic development ; Income distribution ; Developing countries ; Mortality ; Developing countries ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Public health ; Developing countries ; Entwicklungsländer ; Bürgerkrieg ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungsländer ; Bürgerkrieg ; Kriegsgefahr ; Bürgerkrieg ; Konfliktregelung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-221) , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c2003
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3161
    Parallel Title: Raddatz, Claudio E Liquidity needs and vulnerability to financial underdevelopment
    Keywords: Finance ; Liquidity (Economics) ; Finance ; Liquidity (Economics)
    Note: "November 5, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on November 6, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3169
    Parallel Title: Milanovic, Branko Is inequality in Africa really different?
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: "November 18, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on November 18, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3173
    Parallel Title: Halac, Marina Distributional effects of crises
    Keywords: Financial crises ; Income distribution ; Transfer payments ; Financial crises ; Income distribution ; Transfer payments
    Note: "November 20, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on November 24, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3038
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin The debate on globalization, poverty, and inequality
    Keywords: Globalization Economic aspects ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: "April 21, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on April 22, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3147
    Parallel Title: Arabsheibani, G. R Human capital and earnings inequality in Brazil, 1988-98
    Keywords: Human capital ; Income distribution ; Rate of return ; Human capital ; Income distribution ; Rate of return
    Note: "September 26, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on September 29, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3162
    Parallel Title: Gradstein, Mark The political economy of public spending on education, inequality, and growth
    Keywords: Education Finance ; Equality ; Government aid to education ; Income distribution ; Education Finance ; Equality ; Government aid to education ; Income distribution
    Note: "November 6, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on November 6, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3137
    Parallel Title: Porto, Guido G Using survey data to assess the distributional effects of trade policy
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Argentina Commercial policy ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Argentina Commercial policy ; Developing countries Commercial policy
    Note: "September 17, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on September 22, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3174
    Parallel Title: Bourguignon, François Inequality of outcomes and inequality of opportunities in Brazil
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: "November 25, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on December 2, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3180
    Parallel Title: Hourcade, Jean Charles Equitable provision of long-term public goods
    Keywords: Equilibrium (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Public goods ; Equilibrium (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Public goods
    Note: "December 24, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 6, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3027
    Parallel Title: Boyreau-Debray, Genevieve Financial intermediation and growth
    Keywords: Finance ; Intermediation (Finance) ; Finance ; Intermediation (Finance)
    Note: "April 15, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on April 22, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3150
    Parallel Title: Fink, Carsten Income-related biases in international trade
    Keywords: Income distribution ; International trade ; Product differentiation ; Trademarks ; Income distribution ; International trade ; Product differentiation ; Trademarks
    Note: "October 2, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on October 2, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821351613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 359 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 332/.0947
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Finance ; Banks and banking ; Finance ; Banks and banking ; Finance
    Note: "This book was produced by a World Bank team led by Michael Fuchs who planned, coordinated, and edited the book , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 0195216059
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 211, [1] p) , ill , 24 cm.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank policy research report
    Keywords: Economic development Finance ; Economic policy ; Expenditures, Public ; Finance ; Finance, Public ; Financial institutions ; Economic development Finance ; Economic policy ; Expenditures, Public ; Finance ; Finance, Public ; Financial institutions ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Finance ; Expenditures, Public ; Finance ; Finance, Public ; Financial institutions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-[212]) , Written by Gerard Caprio and Patrick Honohan (p. xiii)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 082135051X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 110 p) , ill , 27 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank country study
    Keywords: Finance ; Finance ; Finance ; Kyrgyzstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Kyrgyzstan Economic conditions 1991- ; Kyrgyzstan Economic policy 1991- ; Kyrgyzstan Economic conditions 1991- ; Kyrgyzstan Economic policy 1991-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821347209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 524 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 362.5/7/0947
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Income distribution ; Post-communism ; Post-communism ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 1989- ; Europe, Eastern Economic policy 1989- ; Former Soviet republics Economic conditions ; Former Soviet republics Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821347128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 368 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: European Union accession
    DDC: 332/.0943
    Keywords: European Union ; European Union ; Finance ; Finance Case studies ; Finance ; Finance Case studies ; European Union ; Finance ; Finance ; Europe, Central ; Europe, Central Economic integration ; Europe, Central Economic integration
    Note: "Co-sponsored by the European Commission and the World Bank , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821345656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 158 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 338.95
    Keywords: Finance ; Finance ; Finance ; East Asia ; East Asia ; East Asia ; East Asia Economic integration ; East Asia Economic policy ; East Asia Politics and government ; East Asia Economic integration ; East Asia Economic policy ; East Asia Politics and government
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821342991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 138 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 332/.095
    Keywords: Currency question ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Currency question ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; East Asia Economic policy ; East Asia Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 77
    ISBN: 0821337092
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 34 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.330
    DDC: 338.4/36307208
    Keywords: Agriculture Research ; Finance ; Congresses ; Agriculture Research ; Finance ; Congresses ; National agricultural research systems Finance ; Congresses ; National agricultural research systems Finance ; Congresses ; Agriculture Research ; Finance ; Congresses ; Agriculture Research ; Finance ; Congresses ; National agricultural research systems Finance ; Congresses ; National agricultural research systems Finance ; Congresses
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-29)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 082132716X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 249 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank discussion papers 221
    DDC: 336.52
    Keywords: Nihon Kaihatsu Ginko ; Nihon Kaihatsu Ginko ; Finance ; Finance, Public ; Government lending ; Industrial policy ; Finance ; Finance, Public ; Government lending ; Industrial policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-249)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821327186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 61 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 332.1/0947
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Finance ; Post-communism ; Banks and banking ; Finance ; Post-communism
    Note: "This report was prepared by Ruben Lamdany and it is based on the work of two World Bank missions"--P. iv
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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