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  • Online Resource  (1,194)
  • English  (1,194)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Financial Sector Assessment Program
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This note focuses on the deposit insurance scheme. An analysis of the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) is provided to the extent that it is relevant to the management of the deposit insurance scheme and no detail analysis of the other functions performed by the DIA, e.g. bank resolution, is included. Policy recommendations on the bank resolution are included in the Aide Memoire. DIA revenue sources are volatile and Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) related revenues are used to subsidize non-DIF related activities. The legal framework is ambiguous as to whether DIF resources can be used to cover running costs of the DIA. To improve transparency and ensure sustainability of the DIF, the legal framework should be amended to clarify the use of DIF resources and cap use for operating costs. The authorities should develop a medium term strategy for the DIA, including a funding strategy for non-DIF related activities
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    ISBN: 0821379003 , 9780821379004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 98 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 162
    DDC: 362.1094
    Keywords: Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Health surveys ; Consumer Satisfaction ; Data Collection ; Health Services ; Quality of Life ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: Key factors affecting satisfaction with life in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet UnionEmployment, sources of income, and the poor in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union -- Satisfaction with publicly-provided health services in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 3
    ISBN: 0821375407 , 0821375415 , 9780821375402 , 9780821375419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 251 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Development practice in education
    DDC: 372.12/06
    Keywords: Education and state Case studies ; Education, Elementary Case studies Costs ; School enrollment Case studies ; Education and state Case studies ; Education, Elementary Case studies Costs ; School enrollment Case studies ; Education and state ; Education, Elementary ; School enrollment ; Fallstudiensammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 4
    ISBN: 0821378503 , 9780821378502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxix, 127 p) , ill. (some col.), map , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; World Bank ; Climatic changes ; Climatic changes ; Economic development ; Energy policy ; Environmental policy ; Economic aspects ; Government policy ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation
    Note: "Kenneth Chomitz was the evaluation manager and main author for this study"--P. xiii , At head of title: IEG World Bank , Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-127)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821374443 , 9780821377406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 308 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.1/042
    Keywords: Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Equality ; Health services accessibility ; Health aspects ; Poor ; World health ; Medical care ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Cross-cultural studies ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: An unacceptable realityApproaching a complex and persistent problem -- The importance of "listening" -- A menu of pro-poor policies -- Brazil, filling the cracks in universal coverage -- Cambodia: contracting with nongovernmental organizations to serve the poor -- Cambodia: health equity fund for the poor -- Chile: integrated services program for the poor -- Colombia: expanding health insurance for the poor -- India: community-based health care services -- Indonesia: health cards for the poor -- Kenya: expanding immunization reach through campaigns -- The Kyrgyz Republic: health financing reform and the poor -- Mexico: paying the poor to use health services -- Mexico: providing subsidized health insurance to the poor -- Nepal: participatory planning -- Rwanda: community-based health insurance -- Tanzania: social marketing for malaria prevention -- Vigilance.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-294) and index
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378489
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.90511
    Abstract: Now in its eigth edition, this pocket-sized reference on key development data for over 200 countries provides profiles of each country with 54 development indicators about people, environment, economy, technology and infrastructure, trade, and finance
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  • 7
    ISBN: 0821378023 , 9780821378021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 271 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel Salaries, etc ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower economics ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Health Manpower organization & administration ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits legislation & jurisprudence ; Medical economics ; Public health personnel ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Developing Countries ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Health Manpower ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits
    Description / Table of Contents: OverviewBackground country study for Kenya -- Background country study for Zambia -- Background country study for Rwanda -- Background country study for the Dominican Republic.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 8
    ISBN: 0821380176 , 0821380192 , 9780821380178 , 9780821380192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xlix, 311 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 337.1/729
    Keywords: Free trade ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy ; Caribbean Area Economic integration ; Caribbean Area Economic policy
    Abstract: The main objective of this report is to help policymakers in the Caribbean design an agenda of policy actions to accelerate trade integration and growth, and to reduce poverty. Each part of the report focuses on a key question and provides an in-depth analysis of the issues raised, laying the foundations for policy recommendations described in the last chapter of the report. Part I asks whether the Caribbean's economic and trade system are sound enough to sustain the new era of its global trade relations. Part II addresses the opportunities and challenges that the new trade environment offers to the Caribbean. Part III assesses the impact of the recently-negotiated Economic Partnership Agreement on growth and poverty reduction using two types of macroeconomic models. The report concludes with policy priorities for accelerating Caribbean integration into the world economy and for reaping the benefits of global competition.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Overview of economic and trade system context. Macroeconomic and structural constraints on trade reform in the CaribbeanCaribbean regional and global trading relations -- Trade patterns and flows, and competitiveness issues -- pt. 2. Challenges and new opportunities. New areas of opportunities and challenges -- Capitalizing on a changing international environment -- pt. 3. Quantifying the impact of trade reform on growth, job creation, and poverty. Quantifying the gains from global trade integration : a dynamic macroeconomic analysis -- From diagnosis to policy recommendations.
    Note: "Document of the World Bank and the Organization of American States, co-produced with the Governments of CARIFORUM Countries , Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-311)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxii, 119 p) , ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.2350982
    Keywords: Youth / Argentina / Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821379820 , 9780821379837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 248 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 362.1/04257
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services ; Health care reform ; Rural health services ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; Rural Health Services
    Description / Table of Contents: China's health challenges at the start of the new millenniumThe rural health reforms of the 2000s -- Looking toward a new decade : the big picture -- Financing rural insurance coverage -- Improving service delivery : a question of incentives -- Enhancing accountability and incentives in public health -- The longer-term reform agenda.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-238) and index
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  • 11
    ISBN: 0821375873 , 0821375881 , 9780821375877 , 9780821375884
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 764 pages) , illustrations , 28 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Agriculture and rural development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 338.1082091724
    Keywords: Agricultural laborers ; Agricultural laborers ; Women agricultural laborers ; Women agricultural laborers ; Women in agriculture ; Women in agriculture
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821377825 , 0821377833 , 9780821377826 , 9780821377833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 171 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Health, nutrition, and population series
    DDC: 362.109597
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care Finance ; Medical policy ; Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care Finance ; Medical policy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Costs ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Insurance, Health ; Health care reform ; Health insurance ; Medical care ; Medical policy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Care Costs ; Health Care Reform ; Health Expenditures ; Health Policy ; Insurance, Health
    Description / Table of Contents: Vietnam's health system since DOI MOIRecent trends in Vietnam's health sector performance -- Health insurance -- Reforming health insurance -- Service delivery -- Reforming service delivery -- Decentralization and government stewardship.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164) and index
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 082137754X , 0821377558 , 9780821377543 , 9780821377550
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 pages) , color illustrations , 27 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 332.1/75086942096
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Financial services industry ; Microfinance
    Abstract: Overview -- Banking the poor -- Starting to bank -- Adding customer services -- Building branchless banking -- Promoting access to banking -- Extending credit to entrepreneurs -- Increasing disclosure -- Data sources and methodology.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376489 , 0821376543 , 9780821376485 , 9780821376546
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 236 pages) , illustrations , 28 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 332.1/532091724
    Keywords: World Bank ; Economic assistance Social aspects ; Poverty ; Unemployment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380060 , 0821380079 , 9780821380062 , 9780821380079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxix, 167 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 338.4/33621009598
    Keywords: Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Reform economics ; Insurance, Health economics ; National Health Programs economics ; Population Dynamics ; Health care reform ; Medical economics ; National health insurance ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Reform ; Insurance, Health ; National Health Programs ; Population Dynamics
    Description / Table of Contents: Socioeconomic and health systems contextIndonesia's health financing system -- Assessment of health financing performance -- Key policy issues, options, and costs -- Policy options : finding resources for health -- Conclusions and next steps.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159) and index
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  • 16
    ISBN: 0821378740 , 0821378759 , 9780821378748 , 9780821378755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 451 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435091724
    Keywords: Debt relief ; Debt relief ; Debt relief ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: "This book is the outcome of a conference titled 'Debt relief and beyond: a World Bank conference on debt and development,' held in October 2008 at the World Bank in Washington, D.C."--Preface , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9780821379585 , 9780821379592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 127 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.910962
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Egypt ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981- ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981-
    Note: "Written by Ismail Arslan, with contributions by consultants Ataman Aksoy ... [et al.]"--P. vii , At head of title: IEG World Bank, IFC, MIGA , Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378694
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Country Briefs
    DDC: 967.8
    Abstract: The World Bank is in the initial stages of developing a new annual series of World Bank Country Briefs. Tanzania- the second report in the series - will be published in the winter of 2009. These short, country-specific reports examine the economic, social, environmental, and business landscape of developing countries, focusing on issues critical to development. Overview; People and Poverty; Environment; Economy; Governance and Business Environment; Global Links; Statistical Appendix
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378533
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 336.3435
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on External Debt provides a quick reference for users interested in external debt stocks and flows, major economic aggregates, key debt ratios, and the currency composition of long-term debt for all countries reporting through the Debtor Reporting system. A pocket edition of the Global Development Finance 2009, Volume II: Summary and Country Tables, it contains statistical tables for 135 countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 304.6
    Abstract: This handy pocket guide is a quick reference for users interested in the gender statistics. It presents gender-disaggregated data for more than 200 countries in an easy country-by-country reference on demography, education, health, labor force, political participation and the Millennium Development Goals. The book's summary pages cover regional and income group aggregates
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.9
    Abstract: The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is one of a series of pocket-sized books intended to provide a quick reference to development data on different topics. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 provides data for more than 20 key indicators on business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. These more than 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data for regional and income groupings
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378519
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 363.7
    Abstract: This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821375695 , 0821375709 , 9780821375693 , 9780821375709
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 v. in 1) , ill , 29 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.1068/4
    Keywords: Money laundering ; Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention ; Money laundering ; Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention ; Money laundering ; Terrorism ; Terrorism
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Effects on economic development and international standards2. Legal requirements to meet international standards -- 3a. Regulatory and institutional requirements for AML/CFT -- 3b. Compliance requirements for financial institutions -- 4. Building an effective financial intelligence unit -- 5. Domestic (inter-agency) and international cooperation -- 6. Combating the financing of terrorism -- 7. Investigating money laundering and terrorist financing.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378786 , 9780821379370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 194 p) , ill. , col. maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.75096711
    Keywords: Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests Management ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests Management ; Forest policy ; Forests and forestry ; Rain forests
    Description / Table of Contents: The historic and environmental contextThe advent of forest reform -- Objectives and content of the reforms -- A summary of impacts -- In-depth analysis of impacts -- Ten years of forest sector reform.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379348 , 0821379550 , 9780821379349 , 9780821379554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 282 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.1209172/4
    Keywords: International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade ; Labor ; Labor market ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview: the promises and perils of globalization / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.]A review of the globailization literature: implications for employment, wages, and labor standards / Drusilla Brown -- Globalization and working conditions : a framework for county studies / Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Cambodia / Samsen Neak and Raymond Robertson -- The effect of globalization on working conditions: El Salvador, 1995-2005 -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Honduras / Douglas Marcouiller and Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions: evidence from Indonesia / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.] -- Export processing zones in Madagascar: the impact of the dismantling of clothing quotas on employment and labor standards / Jean-Pierre Cling, Mireille Razafindrakoto, and François Roubaud.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379992 , 082138001X , 9780821379998 , 9780821380017
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxii, 150 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 342.6029
    RVK:
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Decentralization in government ; Democracy ; Local government ; Sierra Leone ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961- ; Sierra Leone Politics and government 1961- ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This publication addresses the question of whether political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization improves government effectiveness and the debate on whether it is a viable and desirable state-building strategy for post-conflict countries. The publication is a collection of eight papers written by authors who were closely involved in the decentralization reform process in Sierra Leone from 2003-07. During this period, Sierra Leone's government established elected district and urban councils across the country, transferred certain responsibilities for primary services and local investment and some financial resources to the new councils, and invested heavily in building the administrative infrastructure and capacity of the local councils. Compared to most other Sub-Saharan African countries that have embarked upon decentralization, Sierra Leone's progress in building local government capacity and restructuring the fiscal system is enviable. The authors conclude that improved security and public services are possible in a decentralizing country and Sierra Leone's progress would not have been possible without significant effort at fiscal decentralization and intensive investment in local government capacity building. The most critical ingredient for this reform process is the leadership team in charge of promoting the new institutional framework and their persistent effort to achieve quick improvement in the local government system and public services.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Yongmei ZhouEstablishing the legislative, political and administrative framework for local government and decentralization in Sierra Leone / Emmanuel Gaima -- Fiscal decentralization : building the financial capacity of local governments / Adams Sanpha Kargbo -- Administrative decentralization : building the non-financial capacity of local governments / Alhassan Kanu -- Decentralization in practice / Katherine Whiteside Casey -- Impact of decentralization on public services : evidence to date / Elizabeth Foster and Rachel Glennester -- Civic engagement in local governance / Yongmei Zhou and Ye Zhang -- Landscape of local authority in Sierra Leone : how traditional and modern justice and governance systems interact / Ryann Elizabeth Manning -- Reflections and conclusions on positives and problems resulting from devolution to date / Emmanuel Gaima.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380516 , 0821380524 , 9780821380512 , 9780821380529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 88 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 362.5/820982
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Income maintenance programs ; Social security ; Argentina ; Argentina ; Argentina Economic policy ; Argentina Social policy ; Argentina Economic policy ; Argentina Social policy
    Abstract: Argentina approaches its bicentennial as an independent republic and has a window of opportunity in social protection policy. Following the most serious economic crisis in its history during 2001-02, the country mobilized an effort to provide income support to the population in need. Now, as growth has returned and social indicators have recovered to pre-crisis levels, there is an opening to move from emergency income support programs to a more comprehensive, long-term, and sustainable strategy for social protection. The emergency response was effective, as it helped the country to overcome the worst of the crisis. The centerpiece of the strategy, plan Jefes y Jefas, provided benefits to nearly two million households during a period when poverty affected more than half the population and unemployment reached record levels. The number of beneficiaries slowly declined beginning in 2003, and was at nearly one-third of its maximum value by early 2008. This reduction was achieved by the reentry of beneficiaries into the formal labor market, the loss of eligibility, and the shift of beneficiaries to familias and seguro de capacitacion y empleo (Seguro), the successor programs to Jefes. Now that the crisis has passed, the policy debate has shifted toward the future of social protection over the longer term. The improvement in overall economic conditions since 2003 has resulted in a decline in unemployment, poverty, and inequality, and a recovery of formal employment and real salaries to pre-crisis levels. These positive trends have generated opportunities to consider longer-term and structural issues, including a debate over the future of whether this new type of noncontributory social policies, based on income transfers to households and individuals, should continue.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Income transfer programs and social protectionIncome support policies in Argentina : origins and development -- Opinions and preferences toward income support -- Income support and the role of the provinces -- Policy options and future challenges -- Reflections, challenges, and policy considerations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 0821377906 , 0821379143 , 9780821377901 , 9780821379141
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 100 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Agriculture and rural development
    DDC: 338.3/727
    Keywords: Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Fishery management ; Fishery policy ; Intergovernmental cooperation ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Description / Table of Contents: Global trends in fisheriesThe economic performance of world marine capture fisheries -- Estimate of net economic loss in the global marine fishery -- Results -- The way forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-94) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 082137799X , 9780821377994
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 180 pages) , illustrations , 27 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 330.91724
    Keywords: Economic forecasting ; Economic forecasting ; Economic history 1990- ; International economic relations ; Developing countries Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9780821376454 , 9780821378250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiii, 160 pages) , illustrations, maps , 27 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Water resources development ; Water-supply
    Abstract: Introduction -- Water scarcity in China : current situation -- Water resources management in China : an overview of determinant variables -- Improving water governance -- Deepening water rights administration and developing water markets -- Improving efficiency and equity in water pricing -- Protecting ecosystems in river basins through market-oriented eco-compensation instruments -- Controlling water pollution -- Preventing water pollution disasters -- Summary, action plan and issues for the future.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-152) and index
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  • 31
    ISBN: 0821377159 , 0821377175 , 9780821377154 , 9780821377178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 98 pages) , illustrations , 23 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Trends and policy options no. 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 333.793/2
    Keywords: Electric utilities Management ; Public utilities Management ; Evaluation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Water utilities Management
    Note: "Helping to eliminate poverty through private involvement in infrastructure." , Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91) and index
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376683 , 9780821376683
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 145 pages) , illustrations , 26 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 337.611
    Keywords: Economic forecasting ; Tunisia Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-145)
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Africa Region Human Development Department/World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381245 , 0821381253 , 9780821381243 , 9780821381250
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 45 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa human development series
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 175
    DDC: 344.67/074
    Keywords: Education, Higher Law and legislation ; Private universities and colleges Law and legislation ; Education, Higher Law and legislation ; Private universities and colleges Law and legislation ; Education, Higher ; Private universities and colleges
    Note: "William Saint and Christine Lao, March 2009 : This paper expands on an initial survey completed by Christine Lao in April 2007. Both authors served as consultants to the Africa Region Human Development Department of the World Bank. However, the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or of the governments they represent"---publisher's galley , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380230 , 0821380249 , 9780821380239 , 9780821380246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 117 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.6/420984
    Keywords: Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business Management ; Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business Management ; Industrial productivity ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Small business
    Abstract: This book presents qualitative and quantitative analyses on Bolivia's informal sector, the reasons why firms are informal, and the impact of normalization on their profitability. The analysis finds that the impact of tax registration on profitability depends on firm size and the ability to issue tax receipts, and presents a set of prioritized policy implications for policy makers. In the short term, the first priority should be to increase the benefits of formalization through training, access to credit and markets, and business support. The second is to increase information on how to formalize and its benefits. In the medium term, the priority is to simplify formalization, regulatory and taxation procedures and reduce their costs. Increasing even-handed enforcement of taxation and regulation is also important but not a priority for micro and small firms. Measures to boost the productivity of micro and small firms in general will both help overall economic growth, employment, and, formalization.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : increasing formality and productivity of Bolivian firmsThe informal sector in Bolivia today -- The productivity of micro and small firms -- Informality and profitability in micro and small firms -- Policy recommendations.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380141 , 0821380168 , 9780821380147 , 9780821380161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 61 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.6/420820984
    Keywords: Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business Management ; Sex differences ; Women-owned business enterprises Management ; Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business Management ; Sex differences ; Women-owned business enterprises Management ; Businesswomen ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Sex discrimination against women ; Small business ; Women-owned business enterprises
    Abstract: Bolivia's informal economic sector is the largest in Latin America, and women-owned businesses tend to be overrepresented in the informal sector and to be less profitable than firms in the formal sector. This study seeks to better understand gender-based differences in firms' tendencies toward formality, the impact of formality on profits, and the productivity of small informal firms. Using data from firm surveys, national household surveys, and qualitative data from focus groups, the study conducts a gender analysis of formality and productivity in six different sectors in Bolivia. The findings shed new light on how gender-based differences contribute to a firm's decision to become formal and the consequences of this decision for profitability. The outcomes of the study suggest that policies should focus on increasing the productivity and scale of women-owned businesses. Two general priorities emerge: promoting women's access to productive assets to facilitate growth and productivity and providing an enabling environment for women's entrepreneurship by expanding women's choices and capacity to respond to market opportunities.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: Men and women in Bolivia's informal sectorGender, formality, and profitability -- Gender-specific constraints to productivity -- Implications of policies to increase the formalization and productivity of female owners of small and micro firms.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821379240 (Sekundärausgabe) , 9780821379240 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: Ill., col. map , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 0821379240
    Edition: ISBN 9780821379240
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 305.2350982
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821382073 (Sekundärausgabe)
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource World Bank E-Library ISBN 9780821382073 (pbk.)
    Edition: [Online-Ausg.]
    DDC: 305.5/630982
    Note: Online-Ausg.:
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxix, 188 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.23109729
    Keywords: Child development / Caribbean Area ; Child development / Latin America ; Child welfare / Caribbean Area ; Child welfare / Latin America ; Children / Caribbean Area / Social conditions ; Children / Latin America / Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-173) and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 420 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: Democracy ; Journalism / Political aspects ; Mass media / Political aspects ; Press and politics ; Representative government and representation
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : framing the debate. Evaluating media performance / Pippa Norris and Sina OdugbemiDiagnostic tools and performance indicators / Andrew Puddephatt -- The democratic roles of media systems : agenda setters, setting priorities. Media coverage of natural disasters and humanitarian crises / Susan D. Moeller -- Media agenda setting and donor aid / Douglas A. Van Belle -- Watchdogs : guarding governance. Corruption and the watchdog role of the news media / Sheila S. Coronel -- The media, government accountability, and citizen engagement / Katrin Voltmer -- Gate keepers : inclusive voices. Election campaigns, partisan balance, and the news media / Holli A. Semetko -- Limits on press freedom and regime support / Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart -- Media in the peace-building process : Ethiopia and Iraq / Monroe E. Price, Ibrahim Al-Marashi, and Nicole A. Stremlau -- Regional case studies of media roles. Central and Eastern Europe / Marius Dragomir -- Sub-Saharan Africa / Wisdom J. Tettey -- Latin America / Silvio Waisbord -- Arab States / Lawrence Pintak -- Asia / Angela Romano -- Conclusions : summing up the evidence, identifying effective policy options. Assessing the extent to which the news media act as watchdogs, agenda setters, and gatekeepers / Sina Odugbemi and Pippa Norris -- Policy recommendations / Sina Odugbemi and Pippa Norris.
    Note: "Originated with a workshop held in May 2007 at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government"--Pref. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 411-415) and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378708 , 9780821378700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 42 p) , ill., map , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9881
    Keywords: Namibia ; Namibia ; Namibia ; Namibia Economic conditions ; Namibia Politics and government 1990- ; Namibia Social conditions ; Namibia Economic conditions ; Namibia Politics and government 1990- ; Namibia Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-39)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (434 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development Indicators 2009 presents the most current and accurate development data on both a national level and aggregated globally. It allows you to monitor the progress made toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations. These goals, which focus on development and the elimination of poverty, serve as the agenda for international development efforts
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    ISBN: 0821379968 , 0821379976 , 9780821379967 , 9780821379974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 42 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 167
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380214 , 0821380222 , 9780821380215 , 9780821380222
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 142 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available online
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 382/.60984
    Keywords: Exports ; Exports ; Exports ; Bolivia ; Bolivia ; Bolivia ; Bolivia Commerce ; Bolivia Commercial policy ; Bolivia Economic policy ; Bolivia Commerce ; Bolivia Commercial policy ; Bolivia Economic policy
    Abstract: The publication investigates how Bolivia can achieve success in non-traditional exports by increasing the competitiveness of exporting firms.--Publisher's description
    Description / Table of Contents: The role of trade in Bolivia's development strategyBolivia's integration into the world economy -- Linkages between trade and the economy -- Export competitiveness and transport logistics -- A firm-level analysis of the factors affecting export performance.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821381472
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: The World Bank Annual Report 2009, Year in Review, explores the impact of the global financial and economic crisis in developing countries, and fast-track funding and programs that can help member countries withstand the debacle. In addition, new and ongoing programs and projects in health, climate change, infrastructure, and several other areas are highlighted. A new feature this year is personal-impact stories for each region, relaying the positive effects of World Bank assistance on individuals
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  • 45
    ISBN: 0821380486 , 9780821380482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 222 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.951/132
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Beijing (China) ; Shanghai (China) ; Beijing (China) Economic policy ; Shanghai (China) Economic policy ; Beijing (China) Economic policy ; Shanghai (China) Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and overviewChina's development and its megacities -- Manufacturing industry: locomotive for innovation and growth -- Pitfalls of early deindustrialization -- Economic composition, resources, and the emerging innovation potentials in Beijing and Shanghai -- Making industries innovative.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 46
    ISBN: 0821381261 , 082138127X , 9780821381267 , 9780821381274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 114 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 363.738/74
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management ; Climatic changes ; Conservation of natural resources ; Ecosystem management
    Description / Table of Contents: The world bank and biodiversity conservation: a contribution to action for climate changeNatural ecosystems and mitigation -- Ecosystem-based adaptation: reducing vulnerability -- Biodiversity conservation and food, water, and livelihood security: emerging issues -- Implementing ecosystem-based approaches to climate change.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821380869 , 0821381776 , 9780821380864 , 9780821381779
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 36 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 174
    DDC: 363.325/16
    Keywords: Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention ; Terrorism Finance ; Terrorism Prevention
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionValue card systems -- Mobile phone financial services -- Online banking and payment services -- Digital currency -- Conclusions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-36)
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  • 48
    ISBN: 0821381679 , 0821381687 , 9780821381670 , 9780821381687
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 106 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 179
    DDC: 333.3/24
    Keywords: Petroleum Prospecting ; Petroleum industry and trade ; Petroleum Prospecting ; Petroleum industry and trade
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [100]-106)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821382225 , 0821382233 , 9780821382226 , 9780821382233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 81 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.4/20947
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households Economic aspects ; Households Economic aspects ; Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households Economic aspects ; Households Economic aspects ; Cost and standard of living ; Cost and standard of living ; Households ; Households ; Asia, Central ; Europe, Eastern ; Asia, Central Economic conditions 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 21st century ; Asia, Central Economic conditions 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 21st century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77)
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  • 50
    ISBN: 0821382675 , 9780821382677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 84 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Nov. 2009 ed
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Uniform Title: East Asia & Pacific update.
    Keywords: East Asia ; Pacific Area ; East Asia Economic conditions ; Pacific Area Economic conditions ; East Asia Economic conditions ; Pacific Area Economic conditions
    Note: "East Asia and Pacific update November 2009 , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 51
    ISBN: 0821382535 , 9780821382530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 173 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 184
    Keywords: European Parliament ; European Parliament ; Securities ; Securities ; Securities ; Securities
    Description / Table of Contents: Regulatory framework and oversightScope of the securities regualtions -- Objectives of the securities regulations in Europe and the United States -- Implementation of the different objectives -- Post-financial crisis lessons -- Conclusion and areas for future research.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-173)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4811
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Effects of privatization and ownership in transition economies
    Keywords: Privatization ; Privatization
    Abstract: "The paper evaluates the effects of privatization in the post-communist economies and China. In post-communist economies privatization to foreign owners results in a rapid improvement in performance of firms, while performance effects of privatization to domestic owners are less impressive and vary across regions, coinciding with differences in policies and institutional development. In China relatively more estimates suggest that privatization to domestic owners improves the level of performance. Concentrated private ownership has a stronger positive effect on performance than dispersed ownership in the post-communist economies, but foreign joint ventures rather than wholly owned foreign firms have a positive effect in China. Worker or collective ownership does not have a negative effect. In the post-communist economies new firms are equally or more efficient than firms privatized to domestic owners, and foreign start-ups are more efficient than domestic ones. Privatization is not associated with lower employment. When accompanied by complementary reforms, privatization has a positive effect on economic growth. Three factors appear to drive the more positive effect of privatization to foreign than domestic owners. Domestic managers have more limited skills and access to world markets, domestically privatized firms have been more subject to tunneling and in some countries new large shareholders artificially decreased performance. The important policy implication is that privatization per se does not guarantee improved performance, at least not in the short- to medium-run. Type of private ownership, corporate governance, access to know-how and markets, and the legal and institutional system matter for firm performance. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4814
    Parallel Title: Chen, Dandan Vocational schooling, labor market outcomes, and college entry
    Keywords: Education, Secondary ; Vocational education ; Education, Secondary ; Vocational education
    Abstract: "This paper examines the differentiated outcomes of vocational and general secondary academic education, particularly in terms of employment opportunities, labor market earnings, and access to tertiary education in Indonesia. With data from a panel of two waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey in 1997 and 2000, the paper tracks a cohort of high school students in 1997 to examine their schooling and employment status in 2000. The findings demonstrate that: (1) attendance at vocational secondary schools results in neither market advantage nor disadvantage in terms of employment opportunities and/or earnings premium; (2) attendance at vocational schools leads to significantly lower academic achievement as measured by national test scores; and (3) There is no stigma attached to attendance at vocational schools that results in a disadvantage in access to tertiary education; rather, it is the lower academic achievement associated with attendance at vocational school that lowers the likelihood of entering college. The empirical approach of this paper addresses two limitations of the existing literature in this area. First, it takes into account the observation censoring issue due to college entry when evaluating labor market outcomes of secondary school graduates. Second, using an instrumental variable approach, the paper also treats endogeneity of household choice of vocational versus academic track of secondary education, teasing out the net effect of secondary school choice on labor market and schooling outcomes. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4816
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin The developing world's bulging (but vulnerable) "middle class
    Keywords: Middle class ; Middle class
    Abstract: "The "developing world's middle class" is defined here as those who are not poor when judged by the median poverty line of developing countries, but are still poor by US standards. The "Western middle class" is defined as those who are not poor by US standards. Although barely 80 million people in the developing world entered the Western middle class over 1990-2002, economic growth and distributional shifts allowed an extra 1.2 billion people to join the developing world's middle class. Four-fifths came from Asia, and half from China. Most of the new entrants remained fairly close to poverty, with incomes now bunched up just above
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4819
    Parallel Title: Mitra, Pradeep Convergence in institutions and market outcomes
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics
    Abstract: "This paper uses firm-level data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys to study the process of convergence of transition countries with developed market economies. The study focuses on competition and market structure, finance and the structure of lending to firms, and how firms respond to the economic environment by restructuring. The authors find substantial evidence of convergence in a number of dimensions. The pattern of growth at the country, sector, and firm levels shows rapid growth of the new private sector and of the micro and small-firm sectors, with the size distribution of firms moving toward the pattern observed in the surveys of developed market economies. In finance, increasing reliance on retained earnings in transition countries reflects a maturation of the sector as new firms come to rely less on informal and family sources of finance. The authors find evidence of an inverse-U pattern, with the peak of restructuring activity taking place in 2002, the middle of the period analyzed. Throughout, the regional patterns suggest greater convergence in the transition countries that joined the European Union in 2004 than in the other, lower-income transition economies. "--World Bank web site
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4826
    Parallel Title: Schiff, Maurice W The regional dimension of North-South trade-related r&d spillover
    Keywords: Diffusion of innovations ; Industrial productivity. i ; International trade ; Diffusion of innovations ; Industrial productivity. i ; International trade
    Abstract: "This paper examines the impact of trade with Japan, North America, and the European Union on technology diffusion and total factor productivity growth in Korea, Mexico, and Jordan. Measures of foreign research and development are constructed based on industry-specific research and development in the North, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in the South. The findings show that technology diffusion and productivity gains tend to be regional. Jordan benefits mainly from trade with the European Union, Korea from trade with Japan, and Mexico from trade with North America. In other words, the dynamic version of the "natural trading partners" hypothesis holds for these countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4827
    Parallel Title: Docquier, Frédéric Measuring skilled migration rates
    Keywords: Brain drain States, Small ; Migration, Internal ; States, Small Emigration and immigration ; Brain drain States, Small ; Migration, Internal ; States, Small Emigration and immigration
    Abstract: "Recent changes in information and communication technologies have contributed to a dramatic increase in the degree of integration and interdependency of countries, markets, and people. Against this background, one aspect of particular concern for small states is the international movement of people. This paper focuses on this particularly important aspect of globalization, with emphasis on the movement of skilled people and its relationship with country size. In addition to overall skilled migration, it provides evidence that controls for migration age in order to distinguish between those educated in the home country and those educated abroad. The authors discuss the growth implications of the brain drain from small countries and policies that may help control it. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4833
    Parallel Title: Ferre, Celine Age at first child
    Keywords: Education ; Fertility, Human ; Teenage pregnancy ; Education ; Fertility, Human ; Teenage pregnancy
    Abstract: "Completing additional years of education necessarily entails spending more time in school. There is naturally a rather mechanical effect of schooling on fertility if women tend not to have children while continuing to attend high school or college, thus delaying the beginning of and shortening their reproductive life. This paper uses data from the Kenyan Demographic and Health Surveys of 1989, 1993, 1998, and 2003 to uncover the impact of staying one more year in school on teenage fertility. To get around the endogeneity issue between schooling and fertility preferences, the analysis uses the 1985 Kenyan education reform as an instrument for years of education. The authors find that adding one more year of education decreases by at least 10 percentage points the probability of giving birth when still a teenager. The probability of having one's first child before age 20, when having at least completed primary education, is about 65 percent; therefore, for this means a reduction of about 15 percent in teenage fertility rates for this group. One additional year of school curbs the probability of becoming a mother each year by 7.3 percent for women who have completed at least primary education, and 5.6 percent for women with at least a secondary degree. These results (robust to a wide array of specifications) are of crucial interest to policy and decision makers who set up health and educational policies. This paper shows that investing in education can have positive spillovers on health. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4835
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Democracy and reforms
    Keywords: Democracy ; Economic policy ; Democracy ; Economic policy
    Abstract: "The authors use a sample of 147 countries to investigate the link between democracy and reforms. Democracy may be conducive to reforms, because politicians have the incentive to embrace growth-enhancing reforms to win elections. By contrast, authoritarian regimes do not have to worry as much about public opinion and may undertake reforms that are painful in the short run but bring future prosperity. This paper tests these hypotheses, using data on micro-economic reforms from the World Bank's Doing Business database. These data do not suffer the endogeneity issues associated with other datasets on changes in economic institutions. The results provide robust support for the claim that democracy is good for growth-enhancing reforms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4837
    Parallel Title: Demirgüç-Kunt, Aslı Bank activity and funding strategies
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Financial crises ; Banks and banking ; Financial crises
    Abstract: "This paper examines the implications of bank activity and short-term funding strategies for bank risk and returns using an international sample of 1,334 banks in 101 countries leading up to the 2007 financial crisis. Expansion into non-interest income generating activities such as trading increases the rate of return on assets, and it may offer some risk diversification benefits at very low levels. Non-deposit, wholesale funding, by contrast, lowers the rate of return on assets, although it can offer some risk reduction at commonly observed low levels of non-deposit funding. A sizeable proportion of banks, however, attract most of their short-term funding in the form of non-deposits at a cost of enhanced bank fragility. Overall, banking strategies that rely prominently on generating non-interest income or attracting non-deposit funding are very risky, which is consistent with the demise of the U.S. investment banking sector. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4840
    Parallel Title: Lederman, Daniel The business of product innovation
    Keywords: New products ; Technological innovations ; New products ; Technological innovations
    Abstract: "It is so widely recognized that innovation is a key driver of economic growth that it is cliche to say so. This article studies product innovation by firms with data from 68 countries, covering more than 25,000 firms in eight manufacturing sectors. The author assesses the predictions of inter-disciplinary research on innovation by firms. The econometric evidence suggests that globalization and local knowledge increase the likelihood that firms will introduce new products. By contrast, domestic regulatory impediments to competition are not robustly correlated with product innovation. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4845
    Parallel Title: Farchy, Emily The impact of EU accession on human capital formation
    Keywords: Brain drain ; Human capital ; Brain drain ; Human capital
    Abstract: "Can a brain drain be good for development? Many studies have established the theoretical possibility of such a brain gain. Yet it is only recently that the relaxation of data constraints has allowed for sound empirical assessments. In utilizing the dramatic policy change that accompanied European Union accession as a natural experiment, this paper is able to assuage fears of reverse causality between migration and human capital formation. The results highlight a significant impact of European Union accession on human capital formation indicating that the prospect of migration can indeed fuel skill formation even in the context of middle-income economies. And, if accompanied by policies to promote return migration, as well as a functioning credit market to enable private investment, international labor mobility could represent a powerful tool for growth. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4848
    Parallel Title: Portugal-Pérez, Alberto Assessing the impact of political economy factors on rules of origin under NAFTA
    Keywords: Certificates of origin ; Certificates of origin
    Abstract: "Rules of origin are legitimate policy instruments to prevent trade deflection in a preferential trade agreement short of a customs union. Trade deflection takes place when a product imported into the preferential trade agreement through the member with the lowest external tariff is transhipped to a higher-tariff member, while yielding a benefit for the re-exporter. Yet, when captured by special interest groups, rules of origin can restrict trade beyond what is needed to prevent trade deflection. By how much do political economy factors account for the stringency of rules of origin? This study quantifies the impact of both determinants - those considered "justifiable" because they prevent trade deflection and those deemed to arise from "political economy" forces - on the restrictiveness of rules of origin under the North American Free Trade Agreement, approximated by a restrictiveness index. The main finding is that political economy forces, especially from the United States, raised significantly the restrictiveness of the rules of origin. Indeed, in industries where political-economy forces were strong prior to the North American Free Trade Agreement, as when the U.S. Most Favored Nation tariff was high or the revealed comparative advantage of Mexico (the United States) was strong (weak), more stringent rules of origin were introduced. Thus, stricter rules of origin are associated with higher production costs reducing the potential benefits of enhanced market access that is initially pursued by this type of agreement. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4855
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Bidders' entry and auctioneer's rejection
    Abstract: "Limited competition has been a serious concern in infrastructure procurement. Importantly, however, there are normally a number of potential bidders initially showing interest in proposed projects. This paper focuses on tackling the question why these initially interested bidders fade out. An empirical problem is that no bids of fading-out firms are observable. They could decide not to enter the process at the beginning of the tendering or may be technically disqualified at any point in the selection process. This paper applies the double selection model to procurement data from road development projects in developing countries and examines why competition ends up restricted. It shows that bidders are self-selective and auctioneers also tend to limit participation depending on the size of contracts. Therefore, limited competition would likely lead to high infrastructure procurement costs. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/5/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4860
    Parallel Title: Sinha, Nistha Long-term financial incentives and investment in daughters
    Keywords: Daughters ; Health status indicators ; Human capital ; Sex of children, Parental preferences for ; Daughters ; Health status indicators ; Human capital ; Sex of children, Parental preferences for
    Abstract: "Since the early 1990s, several states in India have introduced financial incentive programs to discourage son preference among parents and encourage investment in daughters' education and health. This study evaluates one such program in the state of Haryana, Apni Beti Apna Dhan (Our Daughter, Our Wealth). Since 1994, eligible parents in Haryana have been offered a financial incentive if they give birth to a daughter. The incentive consists of an immediate cash grant and a long-term savings bond redeemable on the daughter's 18th birthday provided she is unmarried, with additional bonuses for education. Although no specific program participation data are available, we estimate early intent-to-treat program effects on mothers (sex ratio among live children, fertility preferences) and children (mother's use of antenatal care, survival, nutritional status, immunization, schooling) using statewide household survey data on fertility and child health, and constructing proxies for household and individual program eligibility. The results based on this limited data imply that Apni Beti Apna Dhan had a positive effect on the sex ratio of living children, but inconclusive effects on mothers' preferences for having female children as well as total desired fertility. The findings also show that parents increased their investment in daughters' human capital as a result of the program. Families made greater post-natal health investments in eligible girls, with some mixed evidence of improving health status in the short and medium term. Further evidence also suggests that the early cohort of eligible school-age girls was not significantly more likely to attend school; however, conditional on first attending any school, they may be more likely to continue their education. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4864
    Parallel Title: Lloyd, P. J How do agricultural policy restrictions to global trade and welfare differ across commodities ?
    Keywords: Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state
    Abstract: "For decades the world's agricultural markets have been highly distorted by national government policies, but very differently for different commodities. Hence a weighted average across countries of nominal rates of assistance or consumer tax equivalents for a product can be misleading as an indicator of the trade or welfare effects of policies affecting that product's global market. This is especially the case when some countries tax and others subsidize its production or consumption. This article develops a new set of more-satisfactory indicators for that purpose, drawing on the recent literature on trade restrictiveness indexes. It then exploits a global agricultural distortions database recently compiled by the World Bank to generate the first set of estimates of those two indicators for each of 28 key agricultural commodities from 1960 to 2004, based on a sample of 75 countries that together account for more than three-quarters of the world's production of those agricultural commodities. These reveal the considerable extent of reforms in agricultural policies of developing as well as high-income countries over the past two decades. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4871
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa
    Keywords: Labor market ; Unskilled labor ; Labor market ; Unskilled labor
    Abstract: "In this paper, the authors use a highly disaggregate general equilibrium model to analyze the feasibility of a wage subsidy to unskilled workers in South Africa, isolating and estimating its potential employment effects and fiscal cost. They capture the structural characteristics of the labor market with several labor categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results on relative prices, wages, and employment to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities in order to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences of the policy. The impact of a wage subsidy on employment, poverty, and inequality in South Africa depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labor are complements in production. The desired results are attainable only if there is sufficient flexibility in the labor market. Although the impact in a low case scenario can be improved by supporting policies that relax the skill constraint and increase the production capacity of the economy especially towards labor-intensive sectors, the gains from a wage subsidy are still modest if the labor market remains very rigid. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4877
    Parallel Title: Jack, William Health investments and economic growth
    Keywords: Economic development Health aspects ; Health Social aspects ; Medical economics ; Economic development Health aspects ; Health Social aspects ; Medical economics
    Abstract: "This paper reviews the correlations and potential links between health and economic growth and summarizes the evidence on the role of government in improving health status. At the macroeconomic level, the evidence of an impact of health on growth remains ambiguous due both to difficulties in measuring health, and to the methodological challenges of identifying causal links. The evidence on the micro linkages from health investments to productivity and income are robust. Progress in life expectancy over the past two centuries has been spectacular, fueled by: improved agriculture that has increased food quantity; knowledge of disease transmission, and effective public health interventions that have controlled communicable diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and hookworm; and, most recently and importantly, investments in very young children that pay off in healthier and more productive adults. Whether public investments in medical care affect health hinges on the quality of health institutions. In much of the developing world, factors such as chronic absenteeism among public providers, poor budget execution, ineffective management, and virtually no accountability weaken public efforts. Institutional issues are central in efforts to enhance public health investments, which in turn have a direct impact on the population's welfare and, perhaps over the long term, improvements in national income. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4879
    Parallel Title: Allcott, Hunt The performance of decentralized school systems
    Keywords: Schools Decentralization ; Schools Decentralization
    Abstract: "This program evaluation estimates the effects on standardized test scores of graduating from the Fe y Alegria private school system in Venezuela. The authors find an Average Treatment Effect on the order of 0.1 standard deviations (approximately 16 percent of the average score), using a control group of public school students. These effects are significantly larger for households at the bottom of the distribution, and smaller for those at the top. The authors posit that the better performance of the Fe y Alegria system stems from their labor contract flexibility and decentralized administrative structure. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4882
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Natural resources and reforms
    Keywords: Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Abstract: "The authors use a sample of 133 countries to investigate the link between the abundance of natural resources and micro-economic reforms. Previous studies suggest that natural resource abundance gives rise to governments that are less accountable to the public and states that are oligarchic, and that it leads to the erosion of social capital. These factors are likely to hamper economic reforms. The authors test this hypothesis using data on micro-economic reforms from the World Bank's Doing Business database. The results provide a robust support for the "resource curse" view: a move from the 75th percentile to the 25th percentile on resource abundance equals 10.9 percentage points more reform. This is a large effect given that the mean probability of reform in the sample is 57.1 percent. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4884
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus W Economic and social impacts of self-help groups in india
    Keywords: Microfinance ; Self-help groups ; Microfinance ; Self-help groups
    Abstract: "Although there has been considerable recent interest in micro-credit programs, rigorous evidence on the impacts of forming self-help groups to mobilize savings and foster social empowerment at the local level is virtually non-existent, despite a large number of programs following this pattern. The authors use a large household survey to assess the economic and social impacts of the formation of self-help groups in India. They find positive impacts on empowerment and nutritional intake in program areas overall and heterogeneity of impacts between members of pre-existing and newly formed groups, as well as non-participants. Female social and economic empowerment in program areas increased irrespective of participation status, suggesting positive externalities. Nutritional benefit was more pronounced for new participants than for members of pre-existing groups. Evidence of higher consumption - but not income or asset formation - by participants suggests that at the time of the survey, the program's main economic impact had been through consumption smoothing and diversification of income sources rather than exploitation of new income sources. Evaluation of such programs in ways that allow heterogeneity of program impact can yield highly policy-relevant insights. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4887
    Parallel Title: De Hoyos, Rafael E Poverty effects of higher food prices
    Keywords: Food prices ; Poverty ; Food prices ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The spike in food prices between 2005 and the first half of 2008 has highlighted the vulnerabilities of poor consumers to higher prices of agricultural goods and generated calls for massive policy action. This paper provides a formal assessment of the direct and indirect impacts of higher prices on global poverty using a representative sample of 63 to 93 percent of the population of the developing world. To assess the direct effects, the paper uses domestic food consumer price data between January 2005 and December 2007--when the relative price of food rose by an average of 5.6 percent --to find that the implied increase in the extreme poverty headcount at the global level is 1.7 percentage points, with significant regional variation. To take the second-order effects into account, the paper links household survey data with a global general equilibrium model, finding that a 5.5 percent increase in agricultural prices (due to rising demand for first-generation biofuels) could raise global poverty in 2010 by 0.6 percentage points at the extreme poverty line and 0.9 percentage points at the moderate poverty line. Poverty increases at the regional level vary substantially, with nearly all of the increase in extreme poverty occurring in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4890
    Parallel Title: Rudolph, Heinz P Enabling conditions for second pillars of pension systems
    Keywords: Pension trusts ; Pension trusts
    Abstract: "This note adds to the existing literature by examining the enabling conditions for the creation of mandatory funded pension funds, and identifying additional factors that are important to consider in the early stages of the reform. The note stresses the importance of some factors that had already been identified in previous literature but not fully observed by reforming countries, including the strong and lasting commitment of the authorities with the reform, the fiscal commitment with the reform, and some basic financial infrastructure. The analysis is also extended to analyze the role of supervision in the early stages of the reform and the role of the government in fostering the development of the domestic capital market. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4892
    Parallel Title: Creskoff, Stephen Implications of WTO disciplines for special economic zones in developing countries
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Export processing zones ; Industrial districts ; Export processing zones ; Industrial districts
    Abstract: "Many developing countries operate geographically delineated economic areas in the form of export processing zones, special industrial zones, or free trade zones. This paper provides an overview of the application of World Trade Organization disciplines to incentive programs typically employed by developing countries in connection with such special economic zone programs. The analysis finds that the disciplines under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures have the most immediate relevance for middle-income World Trade Organization members that are not exempt for certain "grandfathered" programs, but will also concern other developing countries in the future, as their exemption expires or their per-capita income passes a threshold of US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4895
    Parallel Title: Calderón, César Zooming in
    Abstract: "In contrast with a growing literature on the drivers of aggregate volatility in developing countries, its consequences in terms of individual incomes have received less attention. This paper looks at the impact of cyclical output fluctuations and extreme output events (crises) on unemployment, poverty, and inequality. The authors find robust evidence that aggregate volatility has a regressive, asymmetric, and non linear impact, as reflected in the strong influence of extreme output drops. The findings show that, in addition to the mitigating role of personal wealth, public expenditure and labor protection exert a similar benign effect. These findings are in line with the income substitutions view of social safety nets, and cast a new light on the value of social programs and labor market regulation in crisis prone developing countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4896
    Parallel Title: Calderón, César Does higher openness cause more real exchange rate volatility ?
    Keywords: Foreign exchange rates ; Foreign exchange rates
    Abstract: "The "New Open Economy Macroeconomics" argues that: (a) non-monetary factors have gained importance in explaining exchange rate volatility, and (b) trade and financial openness may have a potential role of mitigating and/or amplifying real and nominal shocks to real exchange rates. The goal of the present paper is to examine the ability of trade and financial openness to exacerbate or mitigate real exchange rate volatility. The authors collected information on the real effective exchange rate, its fundamentals, and (outcome and policy measures of) trade and financial openness for a sample of industrial and developing countries for the period 1975-2005. Using instrumental variables techniques, the analysis finds that: (a) High real exchange rate volatility is the result of highly volatile productivity shocks, and sharp oscillations in monetary and fiscal policy shocks. (b) Countries more integrated with international markets of goods and services tend to display more stable real exchange rate fluctuations. (c) Financial openness seems to amplify the fluctuations in real exchange rates. (d) The composition of trade and capital flows plays a role in explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness. Although the former is mainly driven by manufacturing trade, the latter depends on the share of debt (and equity) in total foreign liabilities. (e) Financial openness would attenuate (magnify) real exchange rate volatility, the greater the share of equity (debt) in foreign liabilities. (f) The composition of flows also matters for explaining the smoothing properties of trade and financial openness in periods of currency crisis. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4899
    Parallel Title: Barbone, Luca The foreign-born population in the European Union and its contribution to national tax and benefit systems
    Keywords: Foreign workers ; Immigrants ; Foreign workers ; Immigrants
    Abstract: "Despite the purported surge in internal migration following the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, data from the 2006 European Union Survey of Income and Living Conditions show that internal migrants are a relatively small share of the European Union's population. Depending on the exact definition used, only about 1 to 2 percent of the population of European Union-13 countries (members prior to the 2004 enlargement, not including Germany and Luxembourg) were born in other European Union countries, while the corresponding share for European Union-4 countries (Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia) is even lower. By contrast, about 6 percent of the population of European Union-13 countries was born outside the European Union. On examining the demographic and socio-economic background of the migrant population (both from within as well as outside the European Union), this paper finds that migrants tend to include a concentration of both low as well as highly educated workers. Both sets of migrants uniformly contribute to raising the working-age population of receiving countries. Using data on average incomes and taxes paid and benefits received by migrant and non-migrant households, the authors find no evidence to support the contention that migrant workers contribute much less in taxes than the native-born population, or consume significantly higher benefits. On the contrary, our calculations suggest that migrant workers make a net contribution of approximately 42 billion euros to the national tax and benefit systems of European Union-13 countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4911
    Parallel Title: Abe, Kazutomo Weathering the storm
    Keywords: Harbors ; Harbors
    Abstract: "The world economic crisis of 2008 presents clear challenges to prospects for economic growth in developing countries. This is particularly true for emerging economies in East Asia that have relied to a great extent over the past decade on export-led growth. What steps to facilitate trade promise a relatively strong return on investment for East Asia to help sustain trade and growth? The authors examine how port infrastructure affects trade and the role of transport costs in driving exports and imports for the region. They find that port congestion has significantly increased the transport costs to East Asia from both of the United States and Japan. The analysis suggests that cutting port congestion by 10 percent could cut transport costs in East Asia by up to 3 percent. This translates into a 0.3 to 0.5 percent across-the-board tariff cut. In addition, the estimates suggest that the trade cost reduction of investment in port infrastructure in East Asia that translates into higher consumer welfare would far outweigh the cost for physical expansion of the ports in the region. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4913
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Paying the price for unreliable power supplies
    Keywords: Electric power production ; Electric power production
    Abstract: "This paper documents the prevalence of in-house generation of electric power by firms in Sub-Saharan Africa and attempts to identify the underlying causes. The analysis is based on two data sources. The UDI World Electric Power Plants Data Base (WEPP), a global inventory of electric power generating units, provides a detailed inventory of in-house generation at the country level. The World Bank's Enterprise Survey Database captures business perceptions of the obstacles to enterprise growth for 8,483 currently operating firms in 25 African countries. Overall, so-called own generation by firms-which has been on the rise in recent years-accounts for about 6 percent of installed generation capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa (equivalent to at least 4,000 MW of installed capacity). However, this share doubles to around 12 percent in the low-income countries, the post-conflict countries, and more generally on the Western side of the continent. In a handful of countries own generation represents more than 20 percent of capacity. Rigorous empirical analysis shows that unreliable public power supplies is far from being the only or even the largest factor driving generator ownership. Firm characteristics have a major influence-in particular, the probability of owning a generator doubles in large firms relative to small ones. Our model predicts that the prevalence of own generation would remain high (at around 20 percent) even if power supplies were perfectly reliable, suggesting that other factors, such as emergency back-up and export regulations, play a critical role in the decision to own a generator. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4919
    Parallel Title: Bell, Clive AIDS and dualism
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects
    Abstract: "An AIDS epidemic threatens Ethiopia with a long wave of premature adult mortality, and thus with an enduring setback to capital formation and economic growth. The authors develop a two-sector model with three overlapping generations and intersectorally mobile labor, in which young adults allocate resources under rational expectations. They calibrate the model to the demographic and economic data, and perform simulations for the period ending in 2100 under alternative assumptions about mortality with and without the epidemic. Although the epidemic does not bring about a catastrophic economic collapse, which is hardly possible in view of Ethiopia's poverty and high background adult mortality, it does cause a permanent, downward displacement of the path of output per head, amounting to 10 percent in 2100. An externally funded program to combat the disease is socially very profitable. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4916
    Parallel Title: Portugal-Pérez, Alberto Beyond the information technology agreement
    Keywords: Electronic industries Standards ; Electronic industries Standards
    Abstract: "Product standards can have a dual impact on production and trade costs. Standards may impose additional costs on exporters as it may be necessary to adapt products for specific markets (cost-effect). In contrast, standards can reduce exporters' information costs if they convey information on industrial requirements or consumer tastes that would be costly to collect in the absence of standards (informational-effect). Using a new World Bank database of European standards for electronic products, the authors examine the impact of internationally-harmonized European standards on European Union imports. They find that European Union standards for electronic products that are harmonized to international standards have a positive and significant effect on trade. The results suggest that efforts to promote trade in electronic products could be complemented by steps to promote standards harmonization. This might include, for example, re-starting talks to extend the Information Technology Agreement to non-tariff measures and commitments to harmonize national standards in electronic products. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4918
    Parallel Title: Grun, Rebekka E Exit and save
    Keywords: Saving and investment ; Saving and investment ; Colombia Emigration and immigration ; Colombia Emigration and immigration
    Abstract: "This paper examines how households trade off migration and savings when subject to exogenous violence. The authors propose that households under violence decide jointly on migration and saving, because a higher asset-stock is more difficult to carry to a new place. When confronted with exogenous violence, households are expected to consider migration, and reduce their assets, both in order to reduce their exposure to violence, and to make migration easier. In some cases, after a migration decision has been taken, savings can increase as a function of violence to ensure a minimum bundle to carry. Empirical evidence from rich Colombian micro-data supports the conceptual framework for violence that carries a displacement threat, such as guerrilla attacks. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4927
    Parallel Title: Finger, J. M A special safeguard mechanism for agricultural imports and the management of reform
    Abstract: "The records of traditional safeguard provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization provides useful information about how a special agricultural safeguard might be made effective. The success of existing safeguard or flexibility provisions to sustain long-run liberalization programs stems from their requiring objective, transparent, and participatory decisions on the application of the import restrictions they allow. The proposed special agricultural safeguard expands by arithmetic formula the bounds within which a Member may impose a new import restriction. Analysis reported here suggests that the formulas provide a poor guide for policy, indicating that they would frequently prescribe action that is not needed and fail to prescribe action when it would be appropriate. Analysis of the existing agricultural safeguard, to which the special agricultural safeguard is similar, indicates that it has functioned not as an allowance for occasional response to unusual situations but as an expansion of the limits Members have accepted through tariff bindings. To be useful, the special agricultural safeguard should do more than provide formulas for import restrictions. It should provide for objective and participatory processes that would bring forward relevant information and guide an objective and balanced accounting of the interests at play. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4928
    Parallel Title: Ban, Radu Is deliberation equitable?
    Keywords: Decision making ; Political participation ; Decision making ; Political participation
    Abstract: "Deliberative decision-making processes are becoming increasingly important around the world to make important decisions about public and private goods allocation, but there is very little empirical evidence about how they actually work. In this paper the authors use data from India extracted from 131 transcripts of village meetings matched with data from household surveys conducted in the same villages prior to the meetings, to study whose preferences are reflected in the meetings. The meetings are constitutionally empowered to make decisions about public and private goods. The findings show that the more land a person owns, the higher the likelihood her preference is mentioned in the meeting, the longer the amount of time spent discussing this preference, and the higher the likelihood that a decision to provide or repair this public or private good is taken. At the same time, the voices of disadvantaged castes, while not dominating the meeting, are also heard. By contrast, the preferences of Muslims are given less time. High village literacy and the presence of higher level officials during village meetings mitigate the power of the landed, but political reservations for low castes for the post of village president increase the power of the landed. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4934
    Parallel Title: De Mel, Suresh Innovative firms or innovative owners?
    Keywords: Small business ; Technological innovations ; Small business ; Technological innovations
    Abstract: "Innovation is key to technology adoption and creation, and to explaining the vast differences in productivity across and within countries. Despite the central role of the entrepreneur in the innovation process, data limitations have restricted standard analysis of the determinants of innovation to consideration of the role of firm characteristics. The authors develop a model of innovation that incorporates the role of both owner and firm characteristics, and use this to determine how product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations should vary with firm size and competition. They then use a new, large, representative survey from Sri Lanka to test this model and to examine whether and how owner characteristics matter for innovation. The survey also allows analysis of the incidence of innovation in micro and small firms, which have traditionally been overlooked in the study of innovation, despite these firms comprising the majority of firms in developing countries. The analysis finds that more than one-quarter of the microenterprises are engaging in innovation, with marketing innovations the most common. As predicted by the model, firm size has a stronger positive effect, and competition a stronger negative effect, on process and organizational innovations than on product innovations. Owner ability, personality traits, and ethnicity have a significant and substantial impact on the likelihood of a firm innovating, confirming the importance of the entrepreneur in the innovation process. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4937
    Parallel Title: Klapper, Leora The impact of the business environment on the business creation process
    Keywords: Business enterprises Registration and transfer ; Entrepreneurship ; Business enterprises Registration and transfer ; Entrepreneurship
    Abstract: "New data from the 2008 World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey indicates a very strong and statistically significant relationship between entrepreneurship and a better business environment. Data for 100 countries on the number of total and newly registered corporations over an eight-year period (2000-2007) were collected directly from registrars of companies around the world. Data were also collected on the functioning and structure of business registries. Empirical evidence suggests that greater ease in starting a business and better governance are associated with increased entrepreneurial activity. After controlling for economic development (gross domestic product per capita), higher entrepreneurial activity is significantly associated with cheaper, more efficient business registration procedures and better governance. Although the degree of progress in the modernization of business registries varies greatly, countries usually have a common goal to evolve from a paper-based business registry to a one-stop, automated, web-enabled registry capable of delivering products and services online via transactions involving authenticated users and documents. Tests show that business registry modernization (often a component of broader private sector reforms) has a positive impact not only on the ease of creating a business, but also on new business registration. Overall, the data show that a quick, efficient, and cost-effective business registration process is critical for fostering formal sector entrepreneurship. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4941
    Parallel Title: Meadowcroft, James Climate change governance
    Keywords: Climatic changes Government policy ; Climatic changes Government policy
    Abstract: "Climate change governance poses difficult challenges for contemporary political/administrative systems. These systems evolved to handle other sorts of problems and must now be adapted to handle emerging issues of climate change mitigation and adaptation. This paper examines long-term climate governance, particularly in relation to overcoming "institutional inertia" that hampers the development of an effective and timely response. It argues that when the influence of groups that fear adverse consequences of mitigation policies is combined with scientific uncertainty, the complexity of reaching global agreements, and long time frames, the natural tendency is for governments to delay action, to seek to avoid antagonizing influential groups, and to adopt less ambitious climate programs. Conflicts of power and interest are inevitable in relation to climate change policy. To address climate change means altering the way things are being done today - especially in terms of production and consumption practices in key sectors such as energy, agriculture, and transportation. But some of the most powerful groups in society have done well from existing arrangements, and they are cautious about disturbing the status quo. Climate change governance requires governments to take an active role in bringing about shifts in interest perceptions so that stable societal majorities in favor of deploying an active mitigation and adaptation policy regime can be maintained. Measures to help effect such change include: building coalitions for change, buying off opponents, establishing new centers of economic power, creating new institutional actors, adjusting legal rights and responsibilities, and changing ideas and accepted norms and expectations. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4942
    Parallel Title: Monga, Célestin Uncivil societies
    Keywords: Civil society ; Economic development ; Civil society ; Economic development
    Abstract: "In times of crises, it is always useful to revisit some of the paradigms that underlie collective thinking and action. For nearly 200 years, most social science has relied on the assumption that the emergence of strong and nurturing social capital through a vibrant civil society yields all kind of positive externalities to society. Following intuition and anecdotal observations from Alexis de Tocqueville, a large body of theoretical and empirical research has attempted to confirm that societies strive politically and economically when they are able to build strong non-state actors and community organizations. Many disciplines-mainly political science, economics, law, and international relations-have constructed influential analytical frameworks in support of that general proposition. This paper examines the philosophical foundations of conventional wisdom and observes that it often fails to take into account the dark side of some civil society groups, from the mafia to Al Qaeda. While acknowledging the potential contribution of civil society to the development process, the paper also cautions again the rush to circumvent the state, which sometimes sustains community-based initiatives in poor countries. It suggests the possibility of the production of negative social capital by non-state actors. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821377956
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (207 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa Development Indicators
    Abstract: Africa Development Indicators 2008/09 (ADI) provides the most detailed collection of data on Africa available in one volume. It puts together data from different sources, making it an essential tool for policy makers, researchers, and other people interested in Africa. This year’s ADI addresses the issue of youth employment. The report shows that success in addressing youth employment in will not be achieved and sustained through fragmented and isolated interventions. Instead it finds that an arching guideline for addressing the youth employment challenge is the need for an integrated strategy for rural development, growth and job creation - which covers the demand and the supply sides of the labor market and takes into account the youth mobility from rural to urban areas - combined with targeted interventions to help young people overcome disadvantages in entering and remaining in the labor market. This edition includes the Africa Development Indicators 2008/09 Single User CD-ROM and opening articles from leading economists reporting and analyzing key African economic and development issues
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821378588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This new addition to the 'Little DataBook' series presents at-a-glance tables for over 140 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378406 , 0821378422 , 9780821378403 , 9780821378427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1〉) , ill., tables , 28 cm
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435/091724
    Keywords: Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Finance ; International finance ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Statistics ; Investments, Foreign
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1: Review, analysis, and outlookv. 2: Summary and country tables.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821379615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p) , col. ill , 30 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: Business Statistics Costs ; Business Statistics Costs ; Business ; Cambodia ; Cambodia ; Cambodia Commerce ; Cambodia Commercial policy ; Cambodia Commerce ; Cambodia Commercial policy
    Note: Cover title
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  • 93
    ISBN: 0821375075 , 0821376772 , 9780821375075 , 9780821376775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxiv, 491 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 368.38/2
    Keywords: Health insurance Economic aspects ; Health insurance Economic aspects ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance, Health economics ; Models, Econometric ; Private Sector ; World Health ; Health insurance ; Health Expenditures ; Economic aspects ; Insurance, Health ; Models, Econometric ; Developing countries ; economics ; Private Sector ; World Health
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : strength in numbers / Alexander S. Preker, Onno P. Schellekens, and Marianne LindnerSix regions, one story / Denis Drechsler and Johannes P. Jütting -- From theory to practice / Peter Zweifel -- Chile / Ricardo Bitrán and Rodrigo Muñoz -- Egypt / Heba Nassar and Sameh El-Saharty -- South Africa / Michael Thiede, Vimbayi Mutyambizi -- Thailand / Siripen Supakankunti -- Turkey / Anna Cederberg Heard and Ajay Mahal -- United States / M. Kate Bundorf and Mark V. Pauly -- China / Teh-Wei Hu and Xiao-hua Ying -- Brazil / Bernard F. Couttolenc and Alexandre C. Nicolella -- India / Peter A. Berman, Rajeev Ahuja, and Vijaysekar Kalavakonda -- Nigeria / Obinna Onwujekwe and Edit V. Velényi -- Slovenia / Maks Tajnikar and Petra Došenovič Bonča -- Republic of Korea / Kee Taig Jung.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 94
    ISBN: 0821381393 , 9780821381397
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 76 p) , ill., maps (some col.) , 25 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 177
    DDC: 332/.042
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Hondurans Finance ; Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Hondurans Finance ; Honduras Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Honduras Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects
    Note: "On behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development , Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76) and index
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  • 95
    ISBN: 0821381652 , 0821381660 , 9780821381656 , 9780821381663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 76 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9009172/4
    Keywords: Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionThe crisis -- Questioning the growth strategies -- Openness and financial development -- Resilience -- Concluding thoughts.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4809
    Parallel Title: Urdapilleta, Eduardo Banking in Brazil
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking
    Abstract: " The objective of this paper is to analyze the industry structure of banking services in Brazil in order to shed light on financial performance and its drivers at a disaggregated level. The study illustrates how differences across market segments - which tend to be averaged out in aggregate analysis - need to be taken into account when analyzing performance and designing public policy for the banking sector. In particular, retail banking is found to be less sensitive to price competition and to exhibit considerably higher returns than corporate banking. The authors identify and discuss the factors underlying revenues, costs, and risks in each market segment, and conclude with policy implications. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4818
    Parallel Title: Vollmer, Sebastian Political institutions and human development
    Keywords: Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development
    Abstract: "Institutions are a major field of interest in the study of development processes. The authors contribute to this discussion concentrating our research on political institutions and their effect on the non-income dimensions of human development. First, they elaborate a theoretical argument why and under what conditions democracies compared to autocratic political systems might perform better with regards to the provision of public goods. Due to higher redistributive concerns matched to the needs of the population democracies should show a higher level of human development. In the following they analyze whether our theoretical expectations are supported by empirical facts. The authors perform a static panel analysis over the period of 1970 to 2003. The model confirms that living in a democratic system positively affects human development measured by life expectancy and literacy rates even controlling for GDP. By analyzing interaction effects they find that the performance of democracy is rather independent of the circumstances. However, democracy leads to more redistribution in favor of health provision in more unequal societies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4820
    Parallel Title: Kuegler, Alice A curse of comparison?
    Keywords: Income ; Income
    Abstract: "This paper proposes that individuals care about the relative income of proximate reference groups. Making use of self-reported life satisfaction as a proxy for unobservable utility, the relative income of siblings is tested for relevance as a reference point for new sample data from Venezuela. Having greater perceived income than one's siblings is found to be positively linked to individual life satisfaction. This evidence supplements the scarce economic research on reference groups, supporting the hypothesis that individuals with proximate characteristics and resembling opportunities in life serve as points of comparison. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4823
    Parallel Title: Kenny, Charles Why do people die in earthquakes?
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; Earthquakes
    Abstract: "Every year, around 60,000 people die worldwide in natural disasters. The majority of the deaths are caused by building collapse in earthquakes, and the great majority occurs in the developing world. This is despite the fact that engineering solutions exist that can almost completely eliminate the risk of such deaths. Why is this? The engineering solutions are both expensive and technically demanding, so that the benefit-cost ratio of such solutions is often unfavorable compared with other interventions designed to save lives in developing countries. Nonetheless, a range of public disaster risk-reduction interventions (including construction activities) are highly cost effective. The fact that such interventions often remain unimplemented or ineffectively executed points to a role for issues of political economy. Building regulations in developing countries appear to have limited impact in many cases, perhaps because of limited capacity and the impact of corruption. Public construction is often of low quality - perhaps for similar reasons. This suggests approaches that emphasize simple and limited disaster risk regulation covering only the most at-risk structures and that (preferably) can be monitored by non-experts. It also suggests a range of transparency and oversight mechanisms for public construction projects. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4829
    Parallel Title: Hostland, Doug Low-income countries' access to private debt markets
    Keywords: Debts, External ; Loans, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Loans, Foreign
    Abstract: "Private debt flows to developing countries surged to record levels over the period 2003-07. A few low-income countries have gained access to the international bond market but the bulk of the flows have continued to go to just a few large middle-income countries. Most low-income countries still heavily depend on concessional loans and grants from the official sector to meet their financing needs. The paper provides an overview of low-income countries' access to cross-border bank lending and bond issuance in the international market over the past few decades. It highlights some stylized facts that characterize salient features of low-income countries' experience in external borrowing from the private sector and discusses the various factors that influence governments' and corporations' decisions to seek external financing along with creditors' decisions to provide the financing. The paper concludes by assessing the prospects for low-income countries' access to private debt markets over the medium term. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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