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  • English  (105)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Moving for prosperity : global migration and labor markets (2018)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464812828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Moving for prosperity: global migration and labor markets
    DDC: 331.6/2
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Economic aspects ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Foreign workers ; Labor market ; Labor mobility
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1281-1
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building integrated markets within the East African Community : EAC opportunities in public-private partnership approaches to the region's infrastructure needs (2014)
    Washington DC : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802270 , 9781464802287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.609676
    Keywords: East African Community Economic policy ; East African Community Economic policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation ; East African Community ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Part A:The status of PPP frameworks and portfolios in the EAC.BackgroundPartner state PPP frameworksPartner state portfoliosCurrent status of capital marketsExisting capacities and activities of EAC.Part B:Lessons learned from regional project case studies.Summary of country case studiesKey questions and lessons in defining a role for RECs.Part C:Regional PPP policy framework issues.Key considerations for a regional PPP policyEAC regional PPP policy: key areas of priority and optionsEAC regional PPP resource center: issues and optionsPPP financing: issues and optionsConclusion--key elements of a strategic business planKey criteria for a strategic business planEstablishing measurable policy outcomesCreation of a task forceBudgetary requirements.Annex 1:PPP country framework templatesAnnex 2:PPP portfolios in EAC partner statesAnnex 3:Rift Valley Railway caseAnnex 4: Johannesburg to Maputo N4 Toll Road caseAnnex 5:West African Gas Pipeline caseAnnex 6:EADB--preliminary institutional assessment (as of October 2011).
    Note: "December 2013 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0227-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sticky feet : how labor market frictions shape the impact of international trade on jobs and wages (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.12
    Keywords: Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Business cycles ; Labor market ; Labor mobility ; Wages ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0263-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Striving for better jobs : the challenge of informality in the Middle East and North Africa (2014)
    Washington DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395356 , 9780821395363
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 331
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9535-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building the skills for economic growth and competitiveness in Sri Lanka (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801587
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 370.113095493
    Keywords: Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications ; Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications ; Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0158-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Back to work : growing with jobs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (2014)
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399101
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia reports
    DDC: 331.10947
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9910-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building urban resilience : principles, tools and practice (2013)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821388655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.1/216
    Keywords: City planning ; Disasters Economic aspects ; Emergency management ; Infrastructure (Economics) Planning ; Regional planning ; Urban policy ; City planning ; Disasters Economic aspects ; Emergency management ; Infrastructure (Economics) Planning ; Regional planning ; Urban policy ; City planning ; Disasters ; Emergency management ; Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Regional planning ; Planning ; Urban policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8865-5
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving skills development in the informal sector : strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa (2013)
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 331
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor ; Labor market ; Small business ; Vocational education ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor ; Labor market ; Small business ; Vocational education ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor ; Labor market ; Small business ; Vocational education ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic policy ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9968-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Urban labor markets in sub-Saharan Africa (2013)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821397817 , 9780821397824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.120967
    Keywords: City dwellers Employment ; Labor market ; City dwellers Employment ; Labor market ; City dwellers ; Labor market ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Description / Table of Contents: General introductionPart I. A comparative analysis of urban labour markets in sub-Saharan Africa -- 1. Employment, unemployment and working conditions on the urban labour markets in Africa: main stylised facts -- Part II. Job quality and labour market conditions -- 2. Underemployment and job mismatch in sub-Saharan Africa -- 3. Job satisfaction: a measurement of employment quality compared with aspirations in eight African capitals -- 4. Employment vulnerability and earnings -- Part III. The many dimensions of labour market inequalities -- 5. Education and labour market outcomes in urban West Africa -- 6. Urban labour market segmentation in WAEMU: a distributional approach -- 7. Working at retirement age? a comparison of seven West African capitals -- 8. Domestic work and employment in Africa: what is the trade-off for women? -- 9. Inequality of opportunities on the urban labour market in West Africa -- 10. Decomposing gender and ethnic earnings gaps in seven West African cities -- Part IV. Some key coping mechanisms and private responses -- 11. Why migrating, self-selection and returns to education in the WAEMU -- 12. Returns to returning in West Africa -- 13. The work-school trade-off among West African children: Are household tasks more compatible with school than economic activities? -- 14. General conclusion.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9781-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nepal's investment climate : leveraging the private sector for job creation and growth (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821394656 , 9780821394663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.95496
    Keywords: Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Investments, Foreign ; Labor market ; Nepal ; Nepal ; Nepal Economic conditions ; Nepal Economic policy ; Nepal Economic conditions ; Nepal Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9465-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Green infrastructure finance : framework report (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.67/22
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development
    Description / Table of Contents: Rationale for green infrastructure finance frameworkEconomic rationale of green investments -- Conceptual methodology for assessing and allocating risks -- Assessment of green investment climate in eap countries -- Conclusion and next steps -- Annex 1: Green investment climate matrix -- Annex 2: Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9527-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From right to reality : incentives, labor markets, and the challenge of universal social protection in Latin America and the Caribbean (2012)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821386875 , 9780821386873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 423 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Latin American Development forum series
    DDC: 331.1098
    Keywords: Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Health insurance ; Health insurance ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Social security ; Social security ; Caribbean Area ; Latin America ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy ; Caribbean Area Social policy ; Latin America Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographic references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8687-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards better infrastructure : conditions, constraints, and opportunities in financing public-private partnerships ; evidence from Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal (2011)
    Washington DC : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821387818 , 9780821388204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 61 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 658.15224
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Background: Current status of PPP markets in selected countries. This reportSources of financing: Sources of local financing for PPP projects. Local commercial banks. Pension funds. Insurance funds. Local capital market -- Sources of international financing for PPP projects: International commercial banks. Private infrastructure funds. Donor infrastructure funds. Sovereign wealth funds and other public entities -- The legislative and institutional framework -- A well-structured PPP pipeline -- Risk allocation and fiscal management of PPPs -- Medium-term options for PPP financing: Tackling high upfront capital costs. Longer-term local debt financing. Risk mitigation guarantee products. PPP market failures deriving from country size and cross-border infrastructure financing constraints -- Recommendations: Developing long-term financing for infrastructure. Strengthening other aspects of a strong enabling environment.
    Note: "This report was produced at the request of the Government of Ghana (GOG) under the leadership of the Project Finance and Analysis (PFA) Unit of the Public Investment Department (PID) of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MOFEP) and with support from the World Bank and Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF)"--Acknowledgements , Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61)
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8781-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Public-private partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : designing crisis-resilient strategies and bankable projects (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821387030 , 9780821387047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 124 p) , col. ill , 24 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.94
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8703-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    More and better jobs in South Asia (2011)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821389126 , 9780821389133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: South asia development matters
    DDC: 331.120954
    Keywords: Employment ; Labor market ; Labor policy ; Employment ; Labor market ; Labor policy ; Employment ; Labor market ; Labor policy ; South Asia ; South Asia ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic policy ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8912-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How to engage with the private sector in public-private partnerships in emerging markets (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821378632 , 9780821385524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 179 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.2/9
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Finance ; Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-170) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7863-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Output-based aid : lessons learned and best practices (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821381881 , 082138189X , 9780821381885 , 9780821381892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 175 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 338.9109172/4
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services Finance ; Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services Finance ; Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8188-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender disparities in Africa's labor market (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821380664 , 0821380702 , 9780821380666 , 9780821380703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 420 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa development forum
    DDC: 331.4/133096
    Keywords: Labor market ; Sex discrimination in employment ; Sexual division of labor ; Labor market ; Sex discrimination in employment ; Sexual division of labor ; Labor market ; Sex discrimination in employment ; Sexual division of labor
    Abstract: "A copublication of the Agence française de développement and the World Bank."--T.p
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Why study gender disparities in Africa's labor markets? , Gender disparities in Africa's labor markets : a cross-country comparison using standardized survey data , Exploring the gender pay gap through different age cohorts : the case of Ethiopia , Gender disparities in the Malagasy labor market , Gender differences in pay in African manufacturing firms , Addressing gender inequality in Ethiopia : trends, impacts, and the way forward , Gender, time use, and labor income in Guinea : micro and macro analyses , How does growth affect labor income by gender? : a structural path analysis for Tanzania , Gender disparities in time allocation, time poverty, and labor allocation across employment sectors in Ethiopia , Domestic work time in Sierra Leone , Gender labor income shares and human capital investment in the Republic of Congo , Income generation and intra-household decision making : a gender analysis for Nigeria
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8066-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4871
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Wage subsidy and labor market flexibility in South Africa
    Keywords: Labor market ; Unskilled labor ; Labor market ; Unskilled labor
    Abstract: "In this paper, the authors use a highly disaggregate general equilibrium model to analyze the feasibility of a wage subsidy to unskilled workers in South Africa, isolating and estimating its potential employment effects and fiscal cost. They capture the structural characteristics of the labor market with several labor categories and substitution possibilities, linking the economy-wide results on relative prices, wages, and employment to a micro-simulation model with occupational choice probabilities in order to investigate the poverty and distributional consequences of the policy. The impact of a wage subsidy on employment, poverty, and inequality in South Africa depends greatly on the elasticities of substitution of factors of production, being very minimal if unskilled and skilled labor are complements in production. The desired results are attainable only if there is sufficient flexibility in the labor market. Although the impact in a low case scenario can be improved by supporting policies that relax the skill constraint and increase the production capacity of the economy especially towards labor-intensive sectors, the gains from a wage subsidy are still modest if the labor market remains very rigid. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4871
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Local sources of financing for infrastructure in Africa : a cross-country analysis (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4878
    Parallel Title: Irving, Jacqueline Local sources of financing for infrastructure in Africa
    Keywords: Financial institutions ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Financial institutions ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "With the exception of South Africa, local financial markets in sub-Saharan Africa remain underdeveloped and small, with a particular dearth of financing with maturity terms commensurate with the medium- to long-term horizons of infrastructure projects. But as financial market reforms gather momentum, there is growing awareness of the need to tap local and regional sources. Drawing on a comprehensive new database constructed for the purpose of this research, the paper assesses the actual and potential role of local financial systems for 24 African countries in financing infrastructure. The paper concludes that further development and more appropriate regulation of local institutional investors would help them realize their potential as financing sources, for which they are better suited than local banks because their liabilities would better match the longer terms of infrastructure projects. There are clear signs of positive change: private pension providers are emerging in Africa, there is a shift from defined benefit toward defined contribution plans, and African institutional investors have begun taking a more diversified portfolio approach in asset allocation. Although capital markets remain underdeveloped, new issuers in infrastructure sectors-particularly of corporate bonds-are coming to market in several countries, in some cases constituting the debut issue. More than half of the corporate bonds listed at end-2006 on these countries' markets were by companies in infrastructure sectors. More cross-border listings and investment within the region-in both corporate bonds and equity issues-including by local institutional investors, could help overcome local capital markets' impediments and may hold significant promise for financing cross-country infrastructure projects. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4878
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making sense of Africa's infrastructure endowment : a benchmarking approach (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4912
    Parallel Title: Yepes, Tito Making sense of Africa's infrastructure endowment
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The paper's objective is to explain factors underlying Africa's weak infrastructure endowment and to identify suitable infrastructure goals for the region based on benchmarking against international peers. The authors use a dataset covering the stocks of key infrastructure-including information and communication technology (ICT), power, roads, and water-across 155 developing countries over the period 1960 to 2005. The paper also examines subregional differences within Africa. They make use of regression techniques to control for a comprehensive set of economic, demographic, geographic, and historic conditioning factors, as well as adjusting for potential endogeneities. Results show that Africa lags behind all other regions of the developing world in its infrastructure endowment, except in ICT. By far the largest gaps arise in the power sector, with generating capacity and household access to electricity at half the levels observed in South Asia. While it is often assumed that Africa's infrastructure deficit is largely a reflection of its relatively low income levels, the authors find that African countries have much more limited infrastructure than income peers in other parts of the developing world. Countries that face the most challenging environment, with low population density, weak governance, and history of conflict, have the poorest infrastructure endowments. At the outset of the data series, Africa was doing significantly better than other developing regions for road density, generation capacity, and fixed-line telephones, but Africa's relative position has deteriorated over time. The most dramatic loss of ground has come in electrical generating capacity, which has stagnated since 1980. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4912
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Africa's infrastructure : a time for transformation (2009)
    Washington, DC : Agence Française de Développement
    Details
    ISBN: 0821380419 , 0821380834 , 9780821380413 , 9780821380833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 355 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa development forum
    DDC: 363.6096
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Description / Table of Contents: Africa's infrastructure : a time for transformationThe Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic -- Meeting Africa's infrastructure needs -- Closing Africa's funding gap -- Dealing with poverty and inequality -- Building sound institutions -- Facilitating urbanization -- Deepening regional integration -- Information and communication technologies : a boost for growth -- Power : catching up -- Transport : more than the sum of its parts -- Roads : broadening the agenda -- Railways : looking for traffic -- Ports and shipping : landlords needed -- Airports and air transport : the sky's the limit -- Water resources : a common interest -- Irrigation : tapping potential -- Water supply : hitting the target? -- Sanitation : moving up the ladder.
    Note: "Presents the findings of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD)"--P. [4] of cover , Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8041-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
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    (Un)bundling infrastructure procurement : evidence from water supply and sewage projects (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4854
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio (Un)bundling infrastructure procurement
    Keywords: Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply ; Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply
    Abstract: "Competition in public procurement auctions in the water supply and sanitation sector is largely limited. This is partly because of high technical complexity and partly because of auction design flaws. The division of lot contracts is an important policy choice for auctioneers to achieve efficiency. In general, there is a tradeoff between competition in auctions and size of contracts. Larger works could benefit from economies of scale and scope, but large contracts might undermine competition. Using data on public procurement auctions for water and sewage projects in developing countries, this paper shows that bidder entry is crucially endogenous, especially because it is determined by the auctioneer's bundling and unbundling strategy. If water treatment plant and distribution network works are bundled in a single lot package, competition would be significantly reduced, and this adverse entry effect would in turn raise the public procurement costs of infrastructure. There is no evidence of positive scope economies in the bidder cost structure. It is important to account for the underlying cost structure for designing efficient auction mechanisms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4854
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
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    Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4880
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa
    Keywords: Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Household surveys have long been used to estimate poverty and inequality trends, as well as trends in education and health indicators, but they have not been used to the same extent to assess trends in the access to or coverage of modern infrastructure services. In this paper, we use Demographic and Health Surveys from a larger sample of sub-Saharan African countries in order to collect comparable information across countries on coverage of piped water, flush toilets, electricity, and landline telephones over time. The results suggest that coverage rates for electricity, flush toilets have improved slightly over the last decade. Coverage of piped water has declined, at the same time as coverage of landline (as well as cellular) telephone has increased rapidly. The decline has been primarily in the urban areas while the infrastructure coverage has either increased or remained stable in rural Africa. For all four services, among the poorest households coverage remains virtually inexistent. If business as usual continues, it would take a very long time to reach universal or widely shared coverage even in countries where coverage has improved. These results point to the need to increase efforts by governments and international community to progressively increase access to modern infrastructure services in Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4880
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
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    Infrastructure and growth in Africa (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4914
    Parallel Title: Calderón, César Infrastructure and growth in Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth in African countries. Based on econometric estimates for a sample of 136 countries from 1960-2005, the authors evaluate the impact on per capita growth of faster accumulation of infrastructure stocks and of enhancement in the quality of infrastructure services for 39 African countries in three key infrastructure sectors: telecommunications, electricity, and roads. Using an econometric technique suitable for dynamic panel data models and likely endogenous regressors, the authors find that infrastructure stocks and service quality boost economic growth. The growth payoff of reaching the infrastructure development of the African leader (Mauritius) is 1.1 percent of GDP per year in North Africa and 2.3 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, with most of the contribution coming from more, rather than better, infrastructure. Across Africa, infrastructure contributed 99 basis points to per capita economic growth, versus 68 points for other structural policies. Most of the contribution came from increases in stocks (89 basis points), versus quality improvements (10 basis points). The findings show that growth is positively affected by the volume of infrastructure stocks and the quality of infrastructure services; simulations show that our empirical findings are significant statistically and economically. Identifying areas of opportunity to generate productivity growth, the authors find that African countries are likely to gain more from larger stocks of infrastructure than from enhancements in the quality of existing infrastructure. The payoffs are largest for telephone density, electricity-generating capacity, road-network length, and road quality. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4914
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  • 26
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    Globalization, wages, and the quality of jobs : five country studies (2009)
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821379348 , 0821379550 , 9780821379349 , 9780821379554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 282 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.1209172/4
    Keywords: International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade Social aspects ; Labor Social aspects ; Labor market ; International trade ; Labor ; Labor market ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview: the promises and perils of globalization / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.]A review of the globailization literature: implications for employment, wages, and labor standards / Drusilla Brown -- Globalization and working conditions : a framework for county studies / Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Cambodia / Samsen Neak and Raymond Robertson -- The effect of globalization on working conditions: El Salvador, 1995-2005 -- Globalization and working conditions : evidence from Honduras / Douglas Marcouiller and Raymond Robertson -- Globalization and working conditions: evidence from Indonesia / Raymond Robertson ... [et al.] -- Export processing zones in Madagascar: the impact of the dismantling of clothing quotas on employment and labor standards / Jean-Pierre Cling, Mireille Razafindrakoto, and François Roubaud.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7934-9
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  • 27
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    Attracting investors to African public-private partnerships : a project preparation guide (2009)
    Washington, DC : World Bank | [Tunisia] : Infrastructure Consortium for Africa | [Washington, D.C.] : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
    Details
    ISBN: 0821377302 , 0821377310 , 9780821377307 , 9780821377314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 111 pages) , color illustrations , 23 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 658.15/224
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments, Foreign ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104) and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7730-7
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 28
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    The impact of private sector participation in infrastructure : lights, shadows, and the road ahead (2008)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821374092 , 9780821374108
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 351 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    DDC: 363.6098
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities Finance ; Public utilities Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities Finance ; Public utilities Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Setting the stage -- Learning from the existing literature -- Filling the gaps with new datasets and methodologies -- The impact on electricity distribution -- The impact on fixed line telecommunications -- The impact on water and sewerage -- An assessment of the electricity distribution performance of private and public utilities -- Determinants of impact: regulatory and contract variables -- Conclusions and moving forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-328) and index
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  • 29
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    Infrastructure and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa (2008)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4712
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César Infrastructure and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "An adequate supply of infrastructure services has long been viewed by both academics and policy makers as a key ingredient for economic development. Sub-Saharan Africa ranks consistently at the bottom of all developing regions in terms of infrastructure performance, and an increasing number of observers point to deficient infrastructure as a major obstacle for growth and poverty reduction across the region. This paper offers an empirical assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth and inequality, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper uses a comparative cross-regional perspective to place Africa's experience in the international context. Drawing from an updated data set of infrastructure quantity and quality indicators covering more than 100 countries and spanning the years 1960-2005, the paper estimates empirical growth and inequality equations including a standard set of control variables augmented by infrastructure quantity and quality measures, and controlling for the potential endogeneity of the latter. The estimates illustrate the potential contribution of infrastructure development to growth and equity across Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/18/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 30
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    Making work pay in Madagascar : employment, growth, and poverty reduction (2008)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082137530X , 0821375318 , 9780821375303 , 9780821375310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 139 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 331.109691
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-134) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
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    Poverty and the environment : understanding linkages at the household level (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821372238 , 0821372246 , 9780821372234 , 9780821372241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 78 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 339.4/9091724
    Keywords: Environmental health ; Households Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty Environmental aspects ; Environmental health ; Households Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty Environmental aspects ; Environmental health ; Households ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding poverty-environment linkages at the household level -- Poverty and environmental change at the macro scale -- Environmental management and pathways to household welfare -- Scope of the report -- Some key conclusions -- Local natural resources, poverty, and degradation: examining empirical regularities -- The importance of environmental income to the poor -- Commons as a source of insurance -- The effect of growth on local resource use -- Welfare impacts of degradation -- The role of poverty in environmental change -- Conclusions -- Health outcomes and environmental pathogens -- Theoretical linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions -- Empirical evidence of linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions -- How robust are the empirical findings? -- Conclusions and tentative policy implications -- Household welfare and policy reforms -- Selected policy reforms: evidence from case studies -- Challenges and data limitations -- Conclusions -- Directions for change -- Use of local natural resources -- Design principles for improving environmental health -- Better data for monitoring change -- Policy reforms for managing the environment and reducing poverty -- Moving forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-74) and index
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  • 32
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    Structured finance in Latin America : channeling pension funds to housing, infrastructure, and small businesses (2007)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821371398 , 0821371401 , 9780821371398 , 9780821371404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 149 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 332.67/264098
    Keywords: Housing Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Pension trusts Investments ; Small business Finance ; Housing Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Pension trusts Investments ; Small business Finance ; Housing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Pension trusts ; Small business
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
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    International benchmarking of Lesotho's infrastructure performance (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3825
    Parallel Title: Bogetic, Željko International benchmarking of Lesotho's infrastructure performance
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The author provides a preliminary benchmarking of infrastructure performance in Lesotho in four major sectors--electricity, water and sanitation, information and communication technology, and road transportation--against the relevant group of comparator countries using a new World Bank international data base with objective and perception-based indicators of infrastructure performance from over 200 countries. The results of the benchmarking are revealing of several major, comparative deficiencies in infrastructure performance in Lesotho: (1) extremely low access to electricity and its affordability; (2) poor coverage, quality, and the cost of local (non-cellular) telephony; and (3) poor quality of roads. Infrastructure service delivery in electricity, telephony, and roads is well below what would be expected, on average, for a country in Lesotho's income group. In these sectors, Lesotho also compares unfavorably with many other geographical country groups. Unless addressed, such infrastructure shortfalls are likely to adversely affect the welfare of Lesotho's poor, and the cost competitiveness and growth prospects of a range of economic sectors (such as tourism and trade) that depend critically on a stable and competitive supply of basic infrastructure service. They could also affect the speed and quality of Lesotho's regional economic integration within the South Africa Customs Union (SACU) sub-region with attendant consequences for the long-term growth of regional trade and real output. By contrast, Lesotho's performance is solid in the access to improved water and sanitation, in the aggregate and in both rural and urban areas. Finally, this benchmarking, combined with more in-depth, sector analyses, could provide policymakers in Lesotho a useful guide to the areas of infrastructure performance requiring attention. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/17/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 34
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    Trade and harmonization : if your institutions are good, does it matter if they are different ? (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3907
    Parallel Title: Reshef, Ariell Trade and harmonization
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; International trade ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; International trade
    Abstract: "Good institutional quality (function) and similar institutional design (form) can promote international trade by reducing transactions costs. The authors evaluate the relative importance of function versus form in a gravity model, using an indicator of different legal systems as a proxy for differences in form, together with indicators of overall institutional quality. They find that good institutions promote trade much more than similar legal systems and have much more explanatory power. This effect is economically large-up to 10 times the effect of different legal systems. Moreover, better infrastructure matters as much as good institutions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 35
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    Local inequality and project choice : theory and evidence from Ecuador (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3997
    Parallel Title: Araujo, M. Caridad Local inequality and project choice
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments
    Abstract: "This paper provides evidence consistent with elite capture of Social Fund investment projects in Ecuador. Exploiting a unique combination of data-sets on village-level income distributions, Social Fund project administration, and province level electoral results, the authors test a simple model of project choice when local political power is unequally distributed. In accordance with the predictions of the model, poorer villages are more likely to receive projects that provide excludable (private) goods to the poor, such as latrines. Controlling for poverty, more unequal communities are less likely to receive such projects. Consistent with the hypothesis of elite capture, these results are sensitive to the specific measure of inequality used in the empirical analysis, and are strongest for expenditure shares at the top of the distribution. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/6/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 36
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    Disinflation, fiscal sustainability, and labor market adjustment in Turkey (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3804
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Disinflation, fiscal sustainability, and labor market adjustment in Turkey
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Inflation (Finance) ; Labor market ; Fiscal policy ; Inflation (Finance) ; Labor market
    Abstract: "This paper analyzes the effects of monetary policy and fiscal adjustment on output and unemployment in Turkey. The model on which the analysis is based accounts for rural-urban migration, a large urban informal sector, flexible exchange rates, a dollarized banking system, and interactions between default risk on government liabilities, credibility, and inflation expectations. The short- and long-run effects of a rise in official interest rates and tax increases are analyzed. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the link between default risk and credibility in understanding the real and financial effects of macroeconomic adjustment. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 37
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    Is cost recovery a feasible objective for water and electricity? : the Latin American experience (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3943
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Is cost recovery a feasible objective for water and electricity?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public utilities ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public utilities
    Abstract: "Given the relatively small segment of the population that faces genuine affordability problems in Latin America, there appears to be a promising case for using targeted subsidies to reconcile the cost recovery objective with social protection concerns. Social tariff schemes of various kinds are already widespread in Latin America, but they suffer from a number of design flaws. Increasing block tariff (IBT) structures are the most prevalent form of social tariffs in the region. These are likely to be more successful in the electricity sector than in the water sector because the correlation between consumption and income is much stronger in the case of electricity than water. Moreover, IBT structures in electricity tend to be much better designed than in the case of water, with lower fixed charges, lower subsistence blocks, and steeper gradients. A number of more sophisticated social tariff schemes are also being applied that combine consumption criteria with some form of socioeconomic screening. These are generally found to perform better than IBTs, although they also present significant room for improvement. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/28/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 38
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    Infrastructure and public utilities privatization in developing countries (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3950
    Parallel Title: Auriol, Emmanuelle Infrastructure and public utilities privatization in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities
    Abstract: "The paper analyzes governments' tradeoff between fiscal benefits and consumer surplus in privatization reforms of noncompetitive industries in developing countries. Under privatization, the control rights are transferred to private interests so that public subsidies decline. This benefit for tax-payers comes at the cost of price increases for consumers. In developing countries, tight budget constraints imply that privatization may be optimal for low profitability segments. For highly profitable public utilities, the combination of allocative inefficiency and critical budgetary conditions may favor public ownership. Finally, once a market segment gives room for more than one firm, governments prefer to regulate the industry. In the absence of a credible regulatory agency, regulation is achieved through public ownership. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/28/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 39
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    Labor market developments during economic transition (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3894
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Labor market developments during economic transition
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Systemtransformation ; Osteuropa ; Zentralasien ; GUS-Staaten ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Abstract: "The paper reviews labor market developments in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. It argues that the scarcity of productive job opportunities and the growing labor market segmentation are the two main labor market problems facing the transition economies. In the European transition economies the lack of jobs has led to persistent open unemployment. In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) it has led to hidden unemployment (underemployment and low productivity employment). Unemployment in the European transition economies is supported by the developed social safety net. In contrast, in the CIS for most workers unemployment is not an affordable option. They either stick to their old, unproductive jobs in unrestructured enterprises, or work in the informal sector, or resort to subsistence agriculture. Thus, underemployment in the CIS is a mirror image of unemployment in the European transition economies. Accordingly, the high employment-to-population ratios in many CIS countries do not necessarily signify favorable labor market performance. Instead they often indicate delayed enterprise restructuring, the maintenance of unsustainable jobs in uncompetitive firms, and the existence of a large informal sector as an employer of last resort. Labor market segmentation has been caused by a sharp increase in earnings differentials and the attendant increase in the incidence of low-paid jobs, by the polarization of regional labor market conditions, and finally by the growth of the informal sector offering casual, low-productivity jobs. Labor market segmentation and accompanying inequalities are more pronounced in the CIS than in the European transition economies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/19/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 40
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    International benchmarking of South Africa's infrastructure performance (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3830
    Parallel Title: Bogetic, Željko International benchmarking of South Africa's infrastructure performance
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The paper provides a first systematic, comprehensive benchmarking of South Africa's infrastructure performance in four major sectors--electricity, water and sanitation, information and communication technology, and transportation--against the relevant group of comparator countries using a new World Bank international data base with objective and perception-based indicators of infrastructure performance from over 200 countries. Specifically, the paper seeks to answer a number of relevant questions: How does South Africa compare on major indicators of infrastructure sector performance against the relevant country groups? What do outcome indicators tell us about the relative strengths and weaknesses of South Africa's infrastructure compared with various income and geographical comparator groups of countries? Where are the largest deviations-positive and negative-from the benchmarks and other comparators? And how does one interpret some of these comparisons to be useful for policy purposes? "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/26/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 41
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    Gross worker flows in the presence of informal labor markets : the Mexican experience 1987-2002 (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3883
    Parallel Title: Bosch, Mariano Gross worker flows in the presence of informal labor markets
    Keywords: Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Labor market
    Abstract: "This paper applies recent advances in the study of labor market dynamics to a representative developing country with a large informal or unregulated sector, Mexico. It studies quarterly gross flows of workers over a 15-year period that includes two recoveries and recessions, including the celebrated 1995 Tequila crisis. It finds, first, that the formal or modern salaried sector shows the same procyclical job finding rate and mildly countercyclical separation behavior identified in the recent U.S. literature, and relative wage rigidity, both consistent with Shimer (2005a) and Hall (2005). The unregulated informal sector, however, shows reasonable acyclicality in the job finding rate coupled with sharp countercyclical movements in the job separation rate, consistent with standard small firm dynamics and Davis and Haltiwanger (1992 and 1999). This interaction of regulatory coverage and firm sizes, and patterns of gross worker flows thus sheds suggestive light on the roots of countercyclical job finding behavior in the U.S. literature. Second, the patterns of worker transitions between formality and informality correspond to the job-to-job dynamics observed in the United States and not to the traditional idea of informality constituting the inferior sector of a segmented market. That said, the countercyclical job finding in the formal sector combined with the acyclical job finding in informality does lead to the latter absorbing relatively more labor during downturns. Third, aggregate employment dynamics vary across the Tequila crisis and the later 2001 slowdown, suggesting that not only the composition of employment, but the nature of the shocks is important to understanding how the labor market adjusts."--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/19/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 42
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    Regional labor market developments in transition (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3896
    Parallel Title: Huber, Peter Regional labor market developments in transition
    Keywords: Labor market ; Regional economic disparities ; Labor market ; Regional economic disparities
    Abstract: "The author analyzes regional labor market disparities in transition by presenting some data and summarizing existing literature. He finds that large and persistent regional labor market disparities developed in virtually all transition countries and that there is some evidence of polarization. Differences in starting conditions and market access seem to be the major reasons for regional divergence in transition. Furthermore, regional wages are only slightly more flexible than in many European Union labor markets, interregional migration is low, and capital seems to move toward high wage and low unemployment urban centers rather than to the most backward regions. Policy should thus take a long-run perspective on the existing regional disparities, focus on removing barriers to mobility, review existing institutions for implementing regional policy, and aim at a close coordination of regional and labor market policy instruments. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/25/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 43
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    Infrastructure and growth in South Africa : direct and indirect productivity impacts of 19 infrastructure measures (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3989
    Parallel Title: Fedderke, Johannes W Infrastructure and growth in South Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; South Africa Economic conditions ; South Africa Economic conditions
    Abstract: "Empirical explorations of the growth and productivity impacts of infrastructure have been characterized by ambiguous (countervailing signs) results with little robustness. A number of explanations of the contradictory findings have been proposed. These range from the crowd-out of private by public sector investment, non-linearities generating the possibility of infrastructure overprovision, simultaneity between infrastructure provision and growth, and the possibility of multiple (hence indirect) channels of influence between infrastructure and productivity improvements. The authors explore these possibilities using panel data for South Africa over the 1970-2000 period, and a range of 19 infrastructure measures. Using a number of alternative measures of productivity, the prevalence of ambiguous (countervailing signs) results, with little systematic pattern is also shown to hold for their data set in estimations that include the infrastructure measures in simple growth frameworks. The authors demonstrate that controlling for potential endogeneity of infrastructure in estimation robustly eliminates virtually all evidence of ambiguous impacts of infrastructure, due for example to possible overinvestment in infrastructure. Controlling for the possibility of endogeneity in the infrastructure measures renders the impact of infrastructure capital not only positive, but of economically meaningful magnitudes. These findings are invariant between the direct impact of infrastructure on labor productivity, and the indirect impact of infrastructure on total factor productivity. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 44
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    The role of communication in large infrastructure : the Bumbuna Hydroelectric Project in post-conflict Sierra Leone (2006)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821366823 , 0821366831 , 9780821366820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 42 p) , ill., map , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 84
    DDC: 333.91/409664
    Keywords: Bumbuna Hydroelectric Project ; Bumbuna Hydroelectric Project ; Communication in rural development ; Hydroelectric power plants ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Water-power ; Communication in rural development ; Hydroelectric power plants ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Water-power
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42)
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  • 45
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    Infrastructure at the crossroads : lessons from 20 years of World Bank experience (2006)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821366866 , 9780821366868
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 141 p) , ill , 21 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 338.9009172/4
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; World Bank ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 131) and index
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  • 46
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    Ppi partnerships versus ppi divorces in developing countries (or are we switching from pppi to ppdi?) (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3470
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Ppi partnerships versus ppi divorces in developing countries (or are we switching from pppi to ppdi?)
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Abstract: "Thirty years ago, in 1974, Chile launched the first large-scale privatization in a developing country. About 15 years later, Argentina provided a new model of global infrastructure management. Since then a variety of public-private partnerships in infrastructure have been adopted throughout the developing and transition world. These experiences add up to a large and heterogeneous enough sample of experiences from which some fairly robust conclusions on who benefited from the reforms and who did not. Because many of these experiences are also turning sour and the 'privatization' fad of the 1990s seems to be turning into an 'antiprivatization' fad, it seems important to separate facts from emotions. Estache argues that the wide differences in interpretations of the facts can be explained by wide differences in the assessment criteria used by analysts, including the definition of the baseline data chosen to assess the incremental effect of reforms. It is also driven by the sectors, the regions, and probably most important, the actors on which the analysis tends to focus. Once all these factors have been considered, a relatively fair and quantitative assessment of the prospects of the public-private relationship in infrastructure is possible. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate a debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure reforms"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 47
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    How fair is workfare? : Gender, public works, and employment in rural Ethiopia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3492
    Parallel Title: Quisumbing, Ma. Agnes R How fair is workfare?
    Keywords: Labor market ; Public works ; Sexual division of labor ; Women Economic conditions ; Labor market ; Public works ; Sexual division of labor ; Women Economic conditions ; Ethiopia Rural conditions ; Ethiopia Rural conditions
    Abstract: "Quisumbing and Yohannes use the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey to examine the gender dimensions of public works. They use three rounds of a panel conducted in 1994--95 to explore the determinants of participation in, days worked, wages, and earnings from wage labor, food-for-work (FFW), and self-employment. Then they analyze public works data collected in 1997, together with program data collected in 2003. FFW operates in a similar fashion with other labor markets in Ethiopia where female participation is low. Gender differences are important in the participation decision, but operate differently in different types of labor markets. Better-educated women are more likely to participate in the wage labor market, while higher livestock holdings diminish participation more for women. Females with more schooling are also more likely to participate in FFW. Men's and women's participation in FFW and self-employment responds differently to household and community shocks. After controlling for selection in which gender plays an important role, gender disadvantages in the wage labor market and FFW are insignificant. Returns to schooling and height are consistently positive in both wage labor and FFW, suggesting returns to human capital investment, even in the low-skill labor markets of rural Ethiopia. Program characteristics significantly affect participation, with differential effects on men and women. Participation, days worked, wages, and earnings vary according to the type of project. Relative to infrastructure projects, water, social services, and other projects decrease participation probabilities. Distance has a strong negative effect on women's participation relative to men's. This paper--a product of the Gender Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to integrate gender issues into economic policy"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/24/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 48
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    Fiscal space for investment in infrastructure in Colombia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3629
    Parallel Title: Suescun, Rodrigo Fiscal space for investment in infrastructure in Colombia
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Fiscal policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Colombia Economic policy ; Colombia Economic policy
    Abstract: "For the evaluation of macroeconomic policies Colombian authorities rely heavily, if not exclusively, on the operational framework known as the Financial Programming Model developed by the International Monetary Fund in the 1950s. Based on this static framework, the formulation of fiscal policy in the country, just as in various Latin American countries, focuses primarily on fiscal deficit and gross debt targets. However, the type of fiscal policy advice derived from it is not useful for understanding the asset-creating nature and the inter-temporal tradeoffs involved in public investment decisions. The author develops a perfect foresight, dynamic small open economy model to provide an alternative framework for fiscal analysis and policy purposes. He shows that the two competing frameworks deliver differing paths for the expected behavior of the Colombian economy. He then uses the proposed framework to study the likely consequences of using public capital spending to achieve deficit targets since, in addition to an already high public debt, in the years ahead unfunded pension obligations will put enormous pressure on the Colombian government's solvency. The results indicate that public capital compression is costly in terms of foregone growth and very ineffective in achieving fiscal consolidation. The adoption of fiscal rules such as the golden rule or the permanent balance rule to shield public investment from undue budgetary pressures makes little sense in the presence of sustainability concerns. The author shows that a transitory capital spending increase is not self-amortizing in the long run; hence an extra peso of public capital spending deteriorates the inter-temporal fiscal position. A permanent increase largely pays for itself in terms of additional tax revenue but this effect is offset by a deterioration of infrastructure user charges, as long as public prices are determined competitively. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/22/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
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    Public infrastructure and private investment in the Middle East and North Africa (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3661
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Public infrastructure and private investment in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Investments ; Investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Investments ; Investments
    Abstract: "The authors examine the impact of public infrastructure on private capital formation in three countries of the Middle East and North Africa-Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. They highlight various channels through which public infrastructure may affect private investment. Then they describe their empirical framework, which is based on a vector autoregression (VAR) model that accounts for flows and (quality-adjusted) stocks of public infrastructure, private investment, as well as changes in output, private sector credit, and the real exchange rate. The authors propose two aggregate measures of the quality of public infrastructure and use principal components to derive a composite indicator. Their analysis suggests that public infrastructure has both "flow" and "stock" effects on private investment in Egypt, but only a "stock" effect in Jordan and Tunisia. But these effects are small and short-lived, reflecting the unfavorable environment for private investment in their sample of countries. Reducing unproductive public capital expenditure and improving quality must be accompanied by policy reforms aimed at limiting investment to infrastructure capital that crowds in the private sector and corrects for fundamental market failures. This will entail privatization and greater involvement of the private sector in infrastructure investment. While infrastructure (in the form of the provision of critical telecommunications, transport, and energy services) is important, other improvements in the environment in which domestic investment is conducted are crucial. These include the need to provide financing on adequate terms and guarantee a secure and efficient justice system. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 50
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    How concentrated are global infrastructure markets? (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3513
    Parallel Title: Benitez, Daniel A How concentrated are global infrastructure markets?
    Keywords: Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "In infrastructure, the possibility of a positive relationship between operators' profitability and the degree of concentration is a major political issue in view of the wide diversity of feelings about the potential role of the private sector. This is particularly important because of (1) the large residual degree of monopolies, (2) the protection they are granted through exclusivity clauses built in service delivery contracts, and (3) the widespread sense that the same operators tend to be present in most of the privatized operations. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a first set of quantitative assessments of the degree of concentration in infrastructure at the global and the regional levels. Concentration issues were identified in only about 20 percent of the cases studied, and a presumption of concentration was found in another 30 percent of the cases. Benitez and Estache find no correlation between the degree of concentration and the degree of reform adopted by a region or a sector. In more general terms, they find no scope for simple encompassing regional or sectoral statements because issues are region- and sector-specific. The authors conclude by arguing that there are a few cases and regions in which it would make sense for a supranational competition or regulation agency to ensure that the interests of the users are protected more effectively against the risks of collusion and other types of anti-competitive behaviors local regulators would not be equipped to address. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to document the state of the sector"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 51
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    Trade and employment : stylized facts and research findings (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3676
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard M Trade and employment
    Keywords: Free trade ; International trade ; Labor market ; Wages ; Free trade ; International trade ; Labor market ; Wages
    Abstract: "The substantial literature investigating the links between trade, trade policy, and labor market outcomes-both returns to labor and employment-has generated a number of stylized facts, but many open questions remain. This paper surveys the subset of the literature focusing on trade policy and integration into the world economy. Although in the longer run trade opportunities can have a major impact in creating more productive and higher paying jobs, this literature tends to take employment as given. A common finding is that much of the shorter run impacts of trade and reforms involve reallocation of labor or wage impacts within sectors. This reflects a pattern of expansion of more productive firms-especially export-oriented or suppliers to exporters-and contraction and adjustment of less productive enterprises in sectors that become subject to greater import competition. Wage responses to trade and trade reforms are generally greater than employment impacts, but trade can only explain a small fraction of the general increase in wage inequality observed in both industrial and developing countries in recent decades. A feature of the literature survey is that the focus is almost exclusively on industries producing goods. Given the importance of service industries as a source of employment and determinants of competitiveness, the paper argues that one priority area for future research is to study the employment effects of services trade and investment reforms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/12/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 52
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    Private participation in infrastructure projects in the Republic of Korea (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3689
    Parallel Title: Noumba Um, Paul Private participation in infrastructure projects in the Republic of Korea
    Keywords: Capital investments ; Financial crises ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Capital investments ; Financial crises ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization
    Abstract: "In the aftermath of the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, the government of the Republic of Korea published a Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Act to remove the main impediments to private investment in infrastructure sectors. The implementation of the Act was followed by a steady increase in the number of PPI projects, thus spurring the modernization of the main infrastructure facilities in transport, water, electricity, and telecommunications. Despite this progress, the Korean PPI market still faces critical challenges that are probably related to its nascent stage of development. The market is dominated by five construction and engineering firms, but lacks world-class project developers. At the same time, the procurement of PPI projects takes on average four years, and competition in tenders is limited. The number of unsolicited proposals is abnormally high, whereas the number of solicited proposals remains flat. The participation of foreign firms is very limited despite the size of the market and the number of projects awarded. Although local financing is available, the maturity of financing instruments does not exceed five years for most corporate papers, and 10 years for government bonds. This paper reviews the procurement of PPI projects in Korea and benchmarks it to international best practices before proposing options for its improvement. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/25/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 53
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    Sri Lanka's migrant labor remittances : enhancing the quality and outreach of the rural remittance infrastructure (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3789
    Parallel Title: Lasagabaster, Esperanza Sri Lanka's migrant labor remittances
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Emigrant remittances ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Remittances-money sent home by immigrant workers abroad-are hugely beneficial to Sri Lanka. Migrants' remittances have grown dramatically in recent years and are now estimated at US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
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    Pending issues in protection, productivity growth, and poverty reduction (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3799
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Pending issues in protection, productivity growth, and poverty reduction
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Poverty
    Abstract: "This paper selectively synthesizes much of the research on Latin American and Caribbean labor markets in recent years. Several themes emerge that are particularly relevant to ongoing policy dialogues. First, labor legislation matters, but markets may be less segmented than previously thought. The impetus to voluntary informality, which appears to be a substantial fraction of the sector, implies that the design of social safety nets and labor legislation needs to take a more integrated view of the labor market, taking into account the cost-benefit analysis workers and firms make about whether to interact with formal institutions. Second, the impact of labor market institutions on productivity growth has probably been underemphasized. Draconian firing restrictions increase litigation and uncertainty surrounding worker separations, reduce turnover and job creation, and poorly protect workers. But theory and anecdotal evidence also suggest that they, and other related state or union induced rigidities, may have an even greater disincentive effect on technological adoption, which accounts for half of economic growth. Finally, institutions can affect poverty and equity, although the effects seem generally small and channels are not always clear. Overall, the present constellation of labor regulations serves workers and firms poorly and both could benefit from substantial reform. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/16/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
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    Private solutions for infrastructure in Angola : a country framework report (2005)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821360175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 140 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A country framework report
    DDC: 363/.09673
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Angola ; Angola Economic conditions ; Angola Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 56
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    Unemployment and the earnings structure in Latvia (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3504
    Parallel Title: Hazans, Mihails Unemployment and the earnings structure in Latvia
    Keywords: Labor market ; Unemployment ; Labor market ; Unemployment ; Latvia Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; Latvia Economic conditions ; Regional disparities
    Abstract: "Latvia has recorded sustained GDP and productivity growth since 1997. Yet unemployment rates, despite gradual decrease, have remained high. Hazans explores the mysteries of unemployment in Latvia. He analyzes labor flows between employment, unemployment, and nonparticipation and finds the following results: * The type of education and the region of residence appear to be the most important determinants of success in finding jobs by the unemployed. * The unemployed from ethnic minorities have lower chances to find a job within a year, other things equal, while the difference between genders is not significant. However, neither ethnicity nor gender seems to matter as far as the transition from employment to unemployment is concerned. * Regional disparities in job destruction seem to be less sizable than disparities in job creation. * The analysis of job search methods by the unemployed indicates that two target groups of state employment policy (young unemployed and long-term unemployed) appear to make relatively little use of the public employment service. The author also looks at the impact of education, age, gender, ethnicity, and regional factors on individual earnings. The relative position of youth and women in Latvian labor market, compared with prime?age men, is less unfavorable than in many other countries. Yet the gender wage gap has increased recently, and the same is true for regional disparities. Beneficiaries of the so-called "new" education system have a relatively high market value, especially with graduates from universities and general secondary schools. Finally, returns to experience seem to be nonexistent for many adult workers without higher education. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, Europe and Central Asia Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to understand labor market dynamics"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/1/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
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    Labor market distortions in Côte d'Ivoire : analyses of employer-employee data from the manufacturing sector (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3771
    Parallel Title: Kristensen, Nicolai Labor market distortions in Côte d'Ivoire
    Keywords: Labor market ; Wage differentials ; Labor market ; Wage differentials
    Abstract: "The authors investigate the extent and nature of distortions in the labor market in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire by using quantile regression analysis on employer-employee data from the manufacturing sector. They find that the labor markets in Côte d'Ivoire do not seem to be much distorted. Unions may influence employment through tenure but do not seem to influence wages directly except for vulnerable minorities that seem protected by unions. Establishment-size wage effects are pronounced and highest for white-collar workers. This may be explained by the efficiency wage theory, so that, even in the absence of unions, segmentation and inefficiencies will still be present as long as firms seek to retain their employees by paying wages above the market clearing level. The inefficiency arising from establishment-size wage effects can be mitigated by education. Furthermore, the authors find that the premium to education is highly significantly positive only for higher education, and not for basic education, indicating that educational policies should also focus on higher education. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
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    Policy and planning for large infrastructure projects : problems, causes, cures (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3781
    Parallel Title: Flyvbjerg, Bent Policy and planning for large infrastructure projects
    Keywords: Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "This paper focuses on problems and their causes and cures in policy and planning for large infrastructure projects. First, it identifies as the main problem in major infrastructure development pervasive misinformation about the costs, benefits, and risks involved. A consequence of misinformation is massive cost overruns, benefit shortfalls, and waste. Second, the paper explores the causes of misinformation and finds that political-economic explanations best account for the available evidence: planners and promoters deliberately misrepresent costs, benefits, and risks in order to increase the likelihood that it is their projects, and not the competition's, that gain approval and funding. This results in the "survival of the unfittest," where often it is not the best projects that are built, but the most misrepresented ones. Finally, the paper presents measures for reforming policy and planning for large infrastructure projects, with a focus on better planning methods and changed governance structures, the latter being more important. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/2/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
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    Private solutions for infrastructure in Rwanda : a country framework report (2005)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821359657
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 103 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A country framework report
    DDC: 363.6/0967571
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 103)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 60
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    Online Resource
    Reforms and infrastructure efficiency in Spain's container ports (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3515
    Parallel Title: Trujillo, Lourdes Reforms and infrastructure efficiency in Spain's container ports
    Keywords: Container terminals ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Container terminals ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Serrano and Trujillo quantify the evolution of technical efficiency in port infrastructure service provision in the major Spanish port authorities involved in container traffic. They also analyze the extent to which port reforms that took place in the 1990s had an impact on the efficiency of the Spanish container ports. Because of the multi-output nature of port activities, the authors have estimated a distance function, which is a novel methodology in the study of the port industry. Their results show that the reforms resulted in significant improvements in technological change, but that technical efficiency has in fact changed little on average. But there is a significant movement of the efficiency within ports over time as a result of these reforms. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to document the impact of regulatory reform"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
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    Activities, employment, and wages in rural and semi-urban Mexico (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3561
    Parallel Title: Verner, Dorte Activities, employment, and wages in rural and semi-urban Mexico
    Keywords: Academic achievement ; Labor market ; Wages ; Academic achievement ; Labor market ; Wages ; Mexico Rural conditions ; Mexico Rural conditions
    Abstract: "The author addresses the labor markets in rural and semi-urban Mexico. The empirical analyses show that non-farm income shares increase with overall consumption levels and, also, with time. Rural-dwellers in lower quintiles of the consumption distribution tend to earn a larger share of their nonagricultural incomes from wage labor activities. For the poorest, low-productivity wage labor activities are important. The quantile wage regression analysis for rural Mexico shows a rather heterogeneous impact pattern of individual characteristics across the wage distribution on monthly wages. The author's findings reveal that education is key to earning higher wages, and that workers in more dispersed rural areas earn less than their peers in semi-urban rural areas (localities with less than 15,000 inhabitants). The rural non-farm sector is heterogeneous and includes a great variety of activities and productivity levels across non-farm jobs. Moreover it can reduce poverty in a couple of distinct but qualitatively important ways in rural Mexico. The analysis of non-farm employment in rural Mexico suggests that the two key determinants of access to employment and productivity in non-farm activities are education and location. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/13/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
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    Earnings mobility and measurement error : a pseudo-panel approach (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3745
    Parallel Title: Antman, Francisca Earnings mobility and measurement error
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; Labor market ; Social mobility ; Wages ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Labor market ; Social mobility ; Wages
    Abstract: "The degree of mobility in incomes is often seen as an important measure of the equality of opportunity in a society and of the flexibility and freedom of its labor market. But estimation of mobility using panel data is biased by the presence of measurement error and non-random attrition from the panel. This paper shows that dynamic pseudo-panel methods can be used to consistently estimate measures of absolute and conditional mobility in the presence of non-classical measurement errors. These methods are applied to data on earnings from a Mexican quarterly rotating panel. Absolute mobility in earnings is found to be very low in Mexico, suggesting that the high level of inequality found in the cross-section will persist over time. However, the paper finds conditional mobility to be high, so that households are able to recover quickly from earnings shocks. These findings suggest a role for policies which address underlying inequalities in earnings opportunities. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
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    Online Resource
    Spatial dynamics of labor markets in Brazil (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3752
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Spatial dynamics of labor markets in Brazil
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Brazil Economic conditions 1985- ; Regional disparities ; Brazil Economic conditions 1985- ; Regional disparities
    Abstract: "There was substantial spatial variation in labor market outcomes in Brazil over the 1990s. In 2000, about one-fifth of workers lived in apparently economically stagnant municipios where real wages declined but employment increased faster than the national population growth rate. More than one-third lived in apparently dynamic municipios, experiencing both real wage growth and faster-than-average employment growth. These areas absorbed more than half of net employment growth over the period. To elucidate this spatial variation, the authors estimate spatial labor supply and demand equations describing wage and employment changes of Brazilian municipios. They use Conley's spatial GMM technique to allow for instrumental variable estimation in the presence of spatially autocorrelated errors. The main findings include: (1) a very strong influence of initial workforce educational levels on subsequent wage growth (controlling for possibly confounding variables such as remoteness and climate); (2) evidence of positive spillover effects of own-municipio growth onto neighbors' wage and employment levels; (3) an exodus from farming areas; (4) relatively elastic response of wages to an increase in labor supply; and (5) evidence of a local multiplier effect from government transfers. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/26/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
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    Openness can be good for growth : the role of policy complementarities (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3763
    Parallel Title: Chang, Roberto Openness can be good for growth
    Keywords: Economic development ; Free trade ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Labor market
    Abstract: "The authors study how the effect of trade openness on economic growth depends on complementary reforms that help a country take advantage of international competition. This issue is illustrated with a simple Harris-Todaro model where output gains after trade liberalization depend on the degree of labor market flexibility. In that model, trade protection may ameliorate the problem of underemployment (and underproduction) in sectors affected by labor market distortions. Hence, trade liberalization unambiguously increases per capita income only when labor markets are sufficiently flexible. The authors then present some panel evidence on how the growth effect of openness depends on a variety of structural characteristics. For this purpose, they use a non-linear growth regression specification that interacts a proxy of trade openness with proxies of educational investment, financial depth, inflation stabilization, public infrastructure, governance, labor-market flexibility, ease of firm entry, and ease of firm exit. They find that the growth effects of openness are positive and economically significant if certain complementary reforms are undertaken. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
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    Capacity building in Africa : an OED evaluation of World Bank support (2005)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821362410 , 0821362429 , 9780821362419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 92 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 332.1/532/096
    Keywords: World Bank Evaluation ; World Bank Evaluation ; Economic development projects Evaluation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public administration ; Economic development projects Evaluation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public administration ; World Bank ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public administration
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-92)
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  • 66
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    Migrant labor remittances in South Asia (2005)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082136183X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 83 p) , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 332.1/78
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Emigrant remittances ; Foreign workers, South Asian ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Banks and banking ; Emigrant remittances ; Foreign workers, South Asian ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Banks and banking ; Emigrant remittances ; Foreign workers, South Asian ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; South Asia ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-76) and index
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  • 67
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    Public services delivery (2005)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821361406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxviii, 219 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public sector, governance, and accountability series
    DDC: 361.6/068/4
    Keywords: Education Evaluation ; Government productivity Evaluation ; Infrastructure (Economics) Evaluation ; Medical care Evaluation ; Municipal services Evaluation ; Public administration Evaluation ; Public welfare Evaluation ; Education Evaluation ; Government productivity Evaluation ; Infrastructure (Economics) Evaluation ; Medical care Evaluation ; Municipal services Evaluation ; Public administration Evaluation ; Public welfare Evaluation ; Education ; Government productivity ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Medical care ; Municipal services ; Public administration ; Public welfare
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 68
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    Unlocking the employment potential in the Middle East and North Africa : toward a new social contract (2004)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082135678X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 262 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: MENA development report
    Series Statement: Orientations in development series
    DDC: 331.12/042/0956
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-251) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 69
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    Private solutions for infrastructure in Lesotho (2004)
    Washington, D.C : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
    Details
    ISBN: 0821362054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 91 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A country framework report
    DDC: 363.6/096885
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 70
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    Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3328
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
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    Schooling and labor market impacts of a natural policy experiment (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3460
    Parallel Title: Sakellariou, Chris N Schooling and labor market impacts of a natural policy experiment
    Keywords: Education ; Labor market ; Education ; Labor market
    Abstract: "Patrinos and Sakellariou use a nationally representative household survey to estimate returns to schooling in Venezuela from instrumental variables based on a supply-side intervention in the education market. These estimates apply to a subgroup of liquidity-constrained individuals, in the spirit of the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) literature. Returns to schooling estimates which apply to a subgroup of individuals affected by the policy intervention may be more interesting from a policy perspective than the return to the 'average' individual. The authors use an instrument based on the 1980 education reform (the Organic Law of Education) which provided for nine years of compulsory basic education. They also obtain alternative estimates using father's education as an instrument, in an attempt to derive high and low estimates of returns to schooling in Venezuela. The estimates are consistent with recent findings suggesting that the effect of education, at least for certain subgroups affected by a policy intervention, is as large or larger than what is suggested by OLS estimates. This paper--a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to estimate the labor market outcomes of education"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
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    Reforming infrastructure : privatization, regulation, and competition (2004)
    Washington, DC : Oxford University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 306 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank policy research report
    DDC: 363.6
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities Government policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities Government policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-306)
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  • 73
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    Firms, jobs, and employment in Moldova (2004)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3253
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Firms, jobs, and employment in Moldova
    Keywords: Job creation ; Labor market ; Unemployment ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Unemployment
    Note: "March 18, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 19, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
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    Regulatory instruments and their effects on investment behavior (2004)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3292
    Parallel Title: Burns, Phil Regulatory instruments and their effects on investment behavior
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments
    Note: "April 22, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 10, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
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    The labor market effects of foreign-owned firms (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3300
    Parallel Title: Almeida, Rita The labor market effects of foreign-owned firms
    Keywords: Corporations, Foreign ; Labor market ; Skilled labor ; Wages ; Corporations, Foreign ; Labor market ; Skilled labor ; Wages
    Note: "May 6, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 7, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
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    Have consumers benefited from the reforms in the electricity distribution sector in Latin America? (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3420
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Have consumers benefited from the reforms in the electricity distribution sector in Latin America?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache and Rossi bring new empirical evidence on the impact of the choice of ownership and regulatory regime on firms' productivity and prices paid by consumers. They collect the evidence from a sample of electricity distribution companies in Latin America. The authors rely on estimations of labor and operation and maintenance (O&M) input requirement functions using alternative econometric approaches. Their main conclusions are: Private firms perform better (approximately 30 percent) than public firms. The regulatory regimes matter, so that price-cap regulated firms do better than rate-of-return regulated firms, and firms regulated under hybrid regimes have intermediate performance. Private firms operating under rate of return are at most as efficient as public firms. There is no clear pattern of differences in electricity prices according to the regulatory regime. Final prices fell in general but the drop did not match the productivity gains, implying that the operators and the state share some of the gains in the form of rents and higher tax revenue, respectively. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to promote analytical work on emerging policy issues in infrastructure service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 77
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    Emerging infrastructure policy issues in developing countries : a survey of the recent economic literature (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3442
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Emerging infrastructure policy issues in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor
    Abstract: "Estache reviews the recent economic research on emerging issues for infrastructure policies affecting poor people in developing countries. His main purpose is to identify some of the challenges the international community, and donors in particular, are likely to have to address over the next few years. He addresses six main issues: (1) the necessity of infrastructure in achieving the Millennium Development Goals; (2) the various dimensions of financing challenges for infrastructure; (3) the debate on the relative importance of urban and rural infrastructure needs; (4) the debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure decentralization; (5) what works and what does not when trying to target the needs of the poor, with an emphasis on affordability and regulation challenges; and (6) the importance of governance and corruption in the sector. The author concludes by showing how the challenges identified define a relatively well integrated agenda for both researchers and the international infrastructure community. This paper,a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network,is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate more analytical assessments of emerging issues in the sector"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/17/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 78
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    Avoiding customer and taxpayer bailouts in private infrastructure projects : policy toward leverage, risk allocation, and bankruptcy (2004)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3274
    Parallel Title: Ehrhardt, David Avoiding customer and taxpayer bailouts in private infrastructure projects
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public contracts ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public contracts
    Note: "April 12, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
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    Private provision of rural infrastructure services : competing for subsidies (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3365
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Private provision of rural infrastructure services
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Subsidies ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Subsidies ; Developing countries Rural conditions ; Developing countries Rural conditions
    Abstract: "Market-oriented reforms of infrastructure in developing countries tend to focus primarily on commercially viable services in urban areas. Nevertheless, an increasing number of countries are beginning to experiment with extending the market paradigm to infrastructure services in rural areas that are often less attractive in commercial terms. In these cases, subsidies are used to close the gap between market requirements and development needs, and are increasingly determined and allocated on a competitive basis. The authors discuss the conditions under which competition among firms for such subsidies successfully used in the telecommunications sector in a number of middle-income countries could also be applied to electricity, water and sanitation, and transportation services in lower-income countries. This paper is a product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 80
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    Are returns to private infrastructure in developing countries consistent with risks since the Asian crisis? (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3373
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Are returns to private infrastructure in developing countries consistent with risks since the Asian crisis?
    Keywords: Business cycles ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Business cycles ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache and Pinglo present a basic assessment of the financial performance of infrastructure service operators in developing countries. They rely on a new database of 120 companies put together to track the evolution of the cost of capital, the cost of equity, and the return of equity for electricity, water and sanitation, railways, and port operators in 32 developing countries distributed evenly across low-income, low-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries. The authors show that between 1998 and 2002, the average cost of capital in developing countries varied from less than 11 percent to over 15 percent across regions and sectors, while the cost of equity varied from around 13 percent to over 22 percent. Low-middle-income countries have recovered relatively well from the East Asia crisis, while low-income and upper-middle-income countries have seen their situation deteriorate since the crisis. At the regional level, the main story is that East Asia is recovering quite well from its crisis, and that the financial performance of the operators in Africa and Latin America has deteriorated. Eastern Europe and South Asia are doing relatively better but show a large volatility of returns over time and within sectors. At the sector level, the railways and the energy sectors have seen their performance deteriorate significantly over the period, while the water and port sectors have done relatively better. In all sectors and regions, the average return to equity has been lower than the cost of equity since the Asian crisis. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 81
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    The effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3400
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César The effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution
    Keywords: Economic development ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Economic development ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Calderán and Serven provide an empirical evaluation of the impact of infrastructure development on economic growth and income distribution using a large panel data set encompassing over 100 countries and spanning the years 1960-2000. The empirical strategy involves the estimation of simple equations for GDP growth and conventional inequality measures, augmented to include, among the regressors, infrastructure quantity and quality indicators, in addition to standard controls. To account for the potential endogeneity of infrastructure (as well as that of other regressors), the authors use a variety of generalized-method-of-moments (GMM) estimators based on both internal and external instruments and report results using both disaggregated and synthetic measures of infrastructure quantity and quality. The two robust results are: (1) growth is positively affected by the stock of infrastructure assets, and (2) income inequality declines with higher infrastructure quantity and quality. A variety of specification tests suggests that these results do capture the causal impact of the exogenous component of infrastructure quantity and quality on growth and inequality. These two results combined suggest that infrastructure development can be highly effective to combat poverty. Furthermore, illustrative simulations for Latin American countries suggest that these impacts are economically quite significant and highlight the growth acceleration and inequality reduction that would result from increased availability and quality of infrastructure. This paper a joint product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Department and the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region is part of a larger effort in the region to assess the effects of infrastructure development"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 82
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    Toward a social policy for Argentina's infrastructure sectors : evaluating the past and exploring the future (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3422
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Toward a social policy for Argentina's infrastructure sectors
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Argentina was a pioneer of infrastructure reform in the early 1990s. The social dimension of infrastructure services was typically overlooked in the reform process. However, social sensitivities often resurfaced in the years that followed, leading to a series of ad hoc social policy measures that cumulatively amount to US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 83
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    Universal service obligations in developing countries (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3421
    Parallel Title: Laffont, Jean-Jacques Universal service obligations in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache, Laffont, and Zhang develop a model to analyze the effects of asymmetric information on optimal universal service policy in the public utilities of developing countries. Optimal universal service policy is implemented using two regulatory instruments pricing and network investment. Under discriminatory pricing, asymmetric information leads to a higher price and smaller network in the rural area than under full information. Under uniform pricing, the price is lower but the network is even smaller. In addition, under both pricing regimes, not only the firm but also taxpayers have incentives to collude with the regulator. This paper a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network is part of a larger effort in the network to promote analytical work on emerging policy issues in infrastructure service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext
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  • 84
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    Investment climate and international integration (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3323
    Parallel Title: Taye Mengistae Investment climate and international integration
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; International economic integration ; Investments, Foreign ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; International economic integration ; Investments, Foreign
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 85
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    Infrastructure services in developing countries : access, quality, costs, and policy reform (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3468
    Parallel Title: Briceño-Garmendia, Cecilia Infrastructure services in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments
    Abstract: "Briceno, Estache, and Shafik review the evidence on the state of infrastructure in the developing world, emphasizing the investment needs and the emerging policy issues. While their assessment is seriously constrained by data gaps, they provide useful insights on the main challenges ahead, emphasizing that, in addition to the widely discussed access problems, the poorest also face major affordability and service quality issues which were not well addressed by the reforms of the 1990s. The authors make a case for a stronger commitment of the international community to generate the information needed to assess and monitor infrastructure needs and policies. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to upgrade economic and policy work in infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 86
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    The limits of stabilization : infrastructure, public deficits, and growth in Latin America (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821354892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 209 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    DDC: 339.5/098
    Keywords: Economic stabilization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Economic stabilization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Economic stabilization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 87
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    Policy options for meeting the millennium development goals in Brazil : can micro-simulations help? (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2975
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H. G Policy options for meeting the millennium development goals in Brazil
    Keywords: Labor market ; Poverty ; Labor market ; Poverty ; Brazil Economic policy ; Brazil Social policy ; Brazil Economic policy ; Brazil Social policy
    Note: "February 20, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on February 24, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 88
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    The impact of minimum wages on employment in a low income country : an evaluation using the difference-in-differences approach (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2985
    Parallel Title: Cameron, Lisa Ann The impact of minimum wages on employment in a low income country
    Keywords: Labor market ; Minimum wage ; Labor market ; Minimum wage
    Note: "February 27, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 3, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
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    Regulation and private sector investment in infrastructure : evidence from Latin America (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3037
    Parallel Title: Pargal, Sheoli Regulation and private sector investment in infrastructure
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments Law and legislation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments Law and legislation
    Note: "April 17, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on April 22, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
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    Does infrastructure reform work for the poor? : a case study on the cities of La Paz and El Alto in Bolivia (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3177
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Does infrastructure reform work for the poor?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor
    Note: "December 10, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on December 12, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
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    Labor issues in infrastructure reform : a toolkit (2003)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821354701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (2 v. in 1) , 30 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 352.7/7268
    Keywords: Contracting out ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Labor contract Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Public contracts Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Public works Cost effectiveness ; Public works Employees ; Public works Handbooks, manuals, etc Management ; Public works Personnel management ; Contracting out ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Labor contract Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Public contracts Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Public works Cost effectiveness ; Public works Employees ; Public works Handbooks, manuals, etc Management ; Public works Personnel management ; Contracting out ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Labor contract ; Public contracts ; Public works ; Public works ; Public works ; Public works
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 92
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    Labor market policies and unemployment in Morocco : a quantitative analysis (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3091
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Labor market policies and unemployment in Morocco
    Keywords: Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Unemployment ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Unemployment
    Note: "July 2, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on July 3, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
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    Trade liberalization and labor market adjustment in Brazil (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2982
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Trade liberalization and labor market adjustment in Brazil
    Keywords: Free trade ; Labor market ; Wages ; Free trade ; Labor market ; Wages
    Note: "February 24, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on February 26, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
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    Why is unemployment so high in Bulgaria? (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3017
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Why is unemployment so high in Bulgaria?
    Keywords: Labor market ; Unemployment ; Labor market ; Unemployment
    Note: "April 4, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on April 8, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
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    Evaluating the impact of infrastructure rehabilitation projects on household welfare in rural Georgia (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3155
    Parallel Title: Yemtsov, Ruslan Evaluating the impact of infrastructure rehabilitation projects on household welfare in rural Georgia
    Keywords: Households ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Rural poor ; Households ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Rural poor
    Note: "October 9, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on October 10, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
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    Does strict employment protection discourage job creation : evidence from Croatia (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3104
    Parallel Title: Rutkowski, Jan Does strict employment protection discourage job creation
    Keywords: Employees Dismissal of ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Employees Dismissal of ; Job creation ; Labor market
    Note: "July 23, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on July 24, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
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    Does eurosclerosis matter? : institutional reform and labor market performance in Central and Eastern Europe (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350900
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 61 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia poverty reduction and economic management series
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.519
    DDC: 331.1/0943
    Keywords: European Union ; European Union ; European Union ; European Union ; Labor market Statistics ; Labor market Statistics ; Labor market Statistics ; Labor market Statistics ; European Union ; European Union ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-61)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
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    Slovak Republic : living standards, employment and labor market study (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxvii, 162 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 339.4/6/094373
    Keywords: Labor market ; Poverty ; Labor market ; Poverty ; Labor market ; Poverty ; Slovakia ; Slovakia Economic conditions 1993- ; Slovakia Economic conditions 1993-
    Note: "This report was prepared by a team led by Ana Revenga and Carlos Silva-Jauregui ... "--P. xi , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
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    Private solutions for infrastructure in Cambodia : a country framework report (2002)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821350765
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 78 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility series
    DDC: 388/.09596
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Cambodia ; Cambodia Economic conditions ; Cambodia Economic conditions
    Note: "A country framework report for the private provision of infrastructure , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
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    Private solutions for infrastructure : : Opportunities for Uganda (2001)
    Washington, D.C : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility and the World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821349562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 109 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A country framework report
    DDC: 363/.096761
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 109)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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