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  • Englisch  (1.143)
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  • 2015-2019  (1.147)
  • Environment
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Beverly Hills, Calif. :Sage Publications, ; Vol. 1 (June 1969)- .
    ISSN: 0013-9165 (Print) , 1552-390X (Digital)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: online resource (volumes : , illustrations)
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Vol. 1 (June 1969)- .
    Originaltitel: Environment and behavior [digital].
    DDC: 304
    Schlagwort(e): Human ecology Periodicals. ; Human behavior. ; Ecology. ; Behavior ; Environment ; Ecology ; Écologie humaine Périodiques. ; Comportement humain. ; Écologie. ; human behavior. ; ecology. ; Human behavior ; Ecology ; Human ecology ; Fulltext. ; Internet Resources. ; Periodicals. ; Periodicals
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783030158644 , 3030158640
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 580 Seiten) , 105 illus., 93 illus. in color.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Serie: World Sustainability Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Sustainability on University Campuses: Learning, Skills Building and Best Practices
    DDC: 304.2
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Education, Higher ; Environment ; Sustainability ; Higher Education ; Environmental Sciences
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789811317293
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: xvii, 313 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: The contemporary city
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Sociology, Urban ; Environment ; Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783030145842 , 3030145840
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 203 Seiten)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Serie: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als El-Haggar, Salah Roadmap for Global Sustainability — Rise of the Green Communities
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Industrial Management ; Environment ; Power resources ; Renewable energy sources ; Environmental sciences—Social aspects ; Sustainability ; Industrial Management ; Environmental Sciences ; Natural Resource and Energy Economics ; Renewable Energy ; Environmental Social Sciences
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : Island Press/Center for Resource Economics | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9781610919500 , 1610919505
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 248 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Garvin, Alexander The Heart of the City
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Human geography ; Environment ; Management ; Human Geography ; Environmental Sciences ; Management
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783319755809 , 3319755803
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 160 Seiten) , 95 illus., 92 illus. in color.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Serie: Sustainable Development Goals Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Poverty Reduction Through Non-Timber Forest Products
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Physical geography ; Environment ; Sustainability ; Earth System Sciences ; Environmental Sciences
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783030036911 , 303003691X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 321 Seiten) , 19 illus., 18 illus. in color.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kuenkel, Petra Stewarding Sustainability Transformations
    DDC: 304.2
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltbezogenes Management ; Sustainability ; Environment ; Environmental management ; Engineering ; Mathematics ; Life sciences ; Sustainability ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Management ; Technology and Engineering ; Mathematics and Computing ; Life Sciences
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783658235888 , 3658235888
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 194 Seiten) , 15 illus., 8 illus. in color.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Brankatschk, Gerhard Modeling Crop Rotations and Co-Products in Agricultural Life Cycle Assessments
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarprodukt ; Umweltbilanz ; Sustainability ; Environmental management ; Environment ; Sustainability ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Sciences ; Hochschulschrift
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Singapore :Springer,
    ISBN: 978-981-13-1730-9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 313 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (teilweise farbig).
    Serie: The contemporary city
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 307.76
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns) ; Urban Studies/Sociology ; Environment Studies ; Sociology, Urban ; Environment ; Stadt. ; Soziale Bewegung. ; Bürgerinitiative. ; Konferenzschrift 2016 ; Konferenzschrift 2016 ; Konferenzschrift 2016 ; Stadt ; Soziale Bewegung ; Bürgerinitiative
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783030011475 , 303001147X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 155 Seiten) , 4 illus.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Serie: SpringerBriefs in Sociology
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Sikka, Tina Climate Technology, Gender, and Justice
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Environment ; Feminism ; Feminist theory ; Environmental law, International ; Environmental Law ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Environmental Sciences ; Feminism and Feminist Theory ; International Environmental Law ; Environmental Law
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9783319922645 , 3319922645
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 325 Seiten) , 134 illus., 98 illus. in color.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Greater Kenyir Landscapes
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Tourism ; Management ; Environment ; Landscape ecology ; Cultural property ; Physical anthropology ; Sustainability ; Tourism Management ; Environmental Sciences ; Landscape Ecology ; Cultural Heritage ; Physical-Biological Anthropology
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : Island Press/Center for Resource Economics | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9781610919647 , 1610919645
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 365 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Boswell, Michael R Climate Action Planning
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Human geography ; Environment ; Sociology, Urban ; Environmental policy ; Sustainable architecture ; Human Geography ; Environmental Sciences ; Urban Sociology ; Environmental Policy ; Sustainable Architecture/Green Buildings
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783319966526 , 3319966529
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 233 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Jetzkowitz, Jens Co-Evolution of Nature and Society
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Environment ; Human geography ; Sustainability ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Environmental Sciences ; Human Geography ; Sustainability
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789811317309 , 9811317305
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 313 Seiten) , 12 illus.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Serie: The Contemporary City
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Contested Cities and Urban Activism
    DDC: 307.76
    Schlagwort(e): Sociology, Urban ; Environment ; Urban Sociology ; Environmental Sciences
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9781137549785 , 1137549785
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XXX, 265 Seiten) , 2 illus.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Flaherty, Eoin Complexity and Resilience in the Social and Ecological Sciences
    DDC: 333.7
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Physical geography ; Environmental management ; Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Physical Geography ; Environmental Management
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9783319784977 , 3319784978
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (LXXXII, 728 Seiten) , 103 illus., 66 illus. in color.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Environment ; Biodiversity ; Conservation biology ; Ecology  ; Computer simulation ; Environmental management ; Sustainability ; Environmental Sciences ; Biodiversity ; Conservation Biology ; Computer Modelling ; Environmental Management
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783030138271 , 3030138275
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XLV, 437 Seiten) , 40 illus., 33 illus. in color.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Collaboration Across Boundaries for Social-Ecological Systems Science
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Environment ; Physical geography ; Environmental management ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Environmental Sciences ; Physical Geography ; Environmental Management
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789811357848 , 9811357846
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIV, 202 Seiten) , 29 illus., 10 illus. in color.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2019
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Piya, Luni Socio-Economic Issues of Climate Change
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Environmental economics ; Climatology ; Environment ; Sustainability ; Environmental Economics ; Climate Sciences ; Environmental Sciences
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 84 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Technologiepolitik ; Innovationssystem ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Forschungskosten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document provides learnings from 13 case studies on governance mechanisms of national and supranational science, technology and innovation initiatives. As countries strive to resolve societal challenges, “mission-oriented” approaches complement traditional ones centred on national competitiveness, specific industrial sectors or technologies. Governance settings contribute overall to a more inclusive, transparent and responsible STI system, in particular through a whole-of-government approach, the consultation of academia, the private sector and civil society, the implementation of strategies by professional agencies, and the increasingly common use of evaluation. Several critical dimensions facilitate the success of STI policies. They include a commitment at the highest level of government, strong public-private collaboration in R&D, continuous evaluation and improvement, a “mission-oriented” approach, coherence of policies and flexibility in setting priorities, as well as overall harmonisation and rationalisation of programmes in order to maximise efficiency and reduce duplication.
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  • 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 143
    Schlagwort(e): City-Maut ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Fahrrad ; Share Economy ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Mailand ; Environment ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of congestion pricing on the demand for clean transport modes. To this end, it draws on an empirical analysis of the effect of Milan’s congestion charge on the use of bike sharing. The analysis indicates that congestion pricing increases daily bike-sharing use by at least 5% in the short term. Extending the schedule of the congestion charge in the early evening increases bike-sharing use in the affected time window by 12%. The impact of the policy on bike-sharing use mainly occurs through the reduction of road traffic congestion, which makes cycling safer and more pleasant. The findings of the study indicate that policies aiming to reduce car use also have positive repercussions on the uptake of green mobility options. Relying solely on direct incentives for cycling, which often involve infrastructure projects, is likely insufficient to remove barriers to bike use.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 146
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Achieving a low-greenhouse gas (GHG) development requires making finance flows consistent with this objective. In order to measure progress to date as well as inform future public action in this area, this paper calls for further efforts to track gross primary investments flows in new infrastructure and equipment and the refurbishment of such assets, as well underlying sources of finance. The proposed scope focuses on tangible fixed assets with a direct and significant impact on GHG emissions.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 22
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 145
    Schlagwort(e): Parken ; Preismanagement ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Verkehrspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Parking policies have significant environmental and economic implications, which have often been left unconsidered. This paper reviews the relevant literature to provide a deeper understanding of the main environmental and economic consequences of common parking policies, and suggest policy options to protect the environment and increase social welfare.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 23
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 01
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Industrie ; Digitalisierung ; Industrie 4.0 ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The digital transformation forces a re-think of government policy as manufacturing business models increasingly transition from “bolts” to “bits”. The road to Industry 4.0 implies important and pervasive changes in business dynamics, firm growth and the nature of competition. This report presents a framework for measuring the digital transformation of manufacturing industries, and maps the impact of digital technologies across these several dimensions: firm productivity growth, business dynamism, industry concentration, firm mark-ups and mergers and acquisition activity. It suggests policies that governments can use to facilitate digital adoption and reap the benefits of the digital revolution in manufacturing.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 24
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 05
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Novel neurotechnology offers significant potential for the promotion of health and economic growth. Spearheaded by large national and international flagship initiatives in brain science and fuelled by a clear medical need, research both in the public and private sector has made considerable strides towards novel neurotechnology, services and markets. At the same time, neurotechnology raises a range of unique ethical, legal, and policy questions that potential business models will have to address. This document is the result of analytical work on the opportunities and challenges of implementing responsibility frameworks into neurotechnology translation at major brain research initiatives and in the private sector. The report draws on: (1) the discussion at the BNCT workshop “Minding Neurotechnology: delivering responsible innovation for health and well-being”, 2018, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; and (2) commentaries by workshop participants. The Workshop provided a forum for innovators to discuss strategies for delivering responsible innovation in neurotechnology.
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  • 25
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 82 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This policy paper outlines major policy trends in public support of innovation activities in industry and SMEs across OECD countries. It discusses the policy mix to strengthen business R&D and innovation, and possible avenues to improve this mix in response to evolving needs, driven new trends in technology and other factors. Across the OECD, governments strive to reinforce international competitiveness through a variety of policy initiatives supporting business innovation. In particular, these initiatives facilitate the technological upgrading of existing industries and the development of strategic sectors. Twelve case studies discuss selected initiatives in the following areas: Support for innovative enterprises and clusters, development of strategic industrial sectors in particular in manufacturing, and the transition of industry towards new production methods (Industry 4.0). While the dimensions for the effective implementation of these initiatives vary, this paper identifies some features that may help identify good practices in their design, implementation and evaluation.
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 282 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In recent years there has been a large number of attempts to estimate the number of platform workers. Lacking a common definition of platform workers, however, these estimates are not comparable across countries and over time. This paper starts to address these issues, by explaining the concept of platform work, reviewing previous attempts to measure platform workers by private agencies and official statistical agencies and examining how different survey questions can affect the understanding of the respondents. The paper also highlights innovative uses of data that provide greater insights into platform workers and concluded with recommendations on how to measure platform workers in the future.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 287 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses different models for how operators may provide access to communication services over the next five to ten years. To that end, it analyses leading-edge demand and examines the type of companies that serve this demand. It then clusters and compares different categories of operators. These include traditional (vertically integrated) mobile and fixed broadband providers; (vertically integrated) cable operators; wholesale-only operators (utility); wireline wholesale-only providers; wireless wholesale-only providers; and (terminal) equipment and online service providers. The report outlines the most important developments in these categories before signalling emerging technologies that may influence operators in the future. It concludes by comparing different types of operators against policy objectives.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 28
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 06
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Investment in research and experimental development (R&D) is an important driver of innovation and economic growth. Over the past two decades, tax incentives have become a key policy instrument for promoting business R&D. This raises a number of policy questions: How has the role of tax incentives in the R&D support policy mix evolved across OECD countries and other major economies? How generous are tax relief provisions for different types of firms? How effective are they in stimulating business R&D investment? The OECD R&D Tax Incentives Database (http://oe.cd/rdtax) aims to contribute to the data infrastructure available to policy makers and researchers to examine the use and impact of R&D tax incentives across OECD countries and partner economies. This paper provides a practical guide to using this new database, describing the recently released R&D tax incentive data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finland
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trois atouts qui doivent permettre à la Finlande de garder une longueur d’avance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La Finlande mène l’offensive contre le changement climatique au Conseil de l’Arctique
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Trade ; Finland
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lutter contre la corruption pour protéger les espèces sauvages
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
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  • 35
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Biais artificiels
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quels sont les Principes de l’OCDE sur l’IA ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le plastique n’est plus fantastique
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
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  • 38
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La transformation numérique, ou la métamorphose d’une chenille en papillon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les travailleurs des plateformes en ligne sont-ils vraiment leur propre patron ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Planète numérique : les technologies intelligentes peuvent nous aider à faire face aux problèmes climatiques et d’infrastructures
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
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  • 43
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Science et intelligence artificielle : n’oublions pas le facteur humain…
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Technologie : où sont les femmes ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 45
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La transformation numérique : Retour vers le futur
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
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  • 46
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    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 274 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Politik ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digitalisation is having a profound impact on social and economic activity. While often benefiting from a very long history of public investment in R&D, digitalisation has been largely driven by the private sector. However, the combined adoption of new digital technologies, increased reliance upon new data sources, and use of advanced analytic methods hold significant potential to: i) improve the effectiveness and enforcement of public policies; ii) enable innovative policy design and impact evaluation, and; iii) expand citizen and stakeholder engagement in policy making and implementation. These benefits are likely to be greatest in policy domains where outcomes are only observable at significant cost and/or where there is significant heteroregeneity in responses across different agents. In this paper we provide a review of initiatives across a number of fields including: competition, education, environment, innovation, and taxation.
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  • 47
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    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 275 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Informationsversorgung ; Infrastruktur ; Sicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses responses to a questionnaire circulated to OECD delegations for the review of the 2008 OECD Recommendation on the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure (CIIP). It includes suggestions to guide the updating of the Recommendation. The update comes against a backdrop of fast digital transformation and increased digital reliance of businesses and governments; increased frequency and severity of cybersecurity attacks on critical information infrastructure; the rise of state-sponsored attacks including digital sabotage and espionage; and increased capacity of attackers. The update of the Recommendation serves as an opportunity to make changes to its purpose and scope; to insert key messages based on overarching themes from the responses; and to adjust the Recommendation in line with current and anticipated evolutions in contexts, risks and policies.
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  • 48
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    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 273 (January 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Wissensgesellschaft ; Digitalisierung ; Industrie 4.0 ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines key properties – or “vectors” – of the digital transformation that fundamentally affect the economy and society and accordingly the design and efficacy of public policies. It explores three main areas where digital transformation affects the ways the economy and society are operating, i.e.: a) scale, scope and speed; b) ownership, assets and economic value; and c) relationships, markets and ecosystems. Exposing the underlying nature of change, the seven vectors provide insights on how the transformation challenges policies that are frequently predicated on an analogue world of tangible products and assets, fixed geographic boundaries and physical locations, on transaction costs that limit the scale and scope of interactions and offerings, and on supply and demand conditions that reflect scarcity. The objective of this report is to support the review of existing and the design of new policies to ensure that they are well‑suited to the digital era.
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  • 49
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    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 277 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Automatisierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses automation trends and its effect on employment in OECD countries. On average, robots are found to be associated with a reduction in employment in elementary occupations – those requiring the lowest levels of skills – and an increase in employment in high-skill occupation such as professionals and technicians. For occupations in the middle of the skills distribution the correlation is strong and negative. In general, therefore, these estimates do not support the hypothesis of labour market polarisation, i.e.: an increase in both high-skill and low-skill employment. However, in a few countries - notably the United States - this report finds evidence of labour market polarisation.
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  • 50
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 61 (February 2019)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.61
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study proposes experimental estimates of the monetary cost of the training needed to move workers across occupations. Occupations of destination are held “acceptable” if they are close, in terms of skills requirements, and entail small wage cuts and skills excesses (if any) relative to the occupation of origin. The total estimated cost encompasses the direct cost of undertaking the training, and workers’ opportunity cost, in terms of foregone wages. The minimum cost of moving workers in occupations at high risk of automation (ROA) to occupations where they are not at such risk (so called “safe haven”) is estimated to range between 1-5% of one year GDP, on average across the countries considered. At the worker level, occupational transitions’ costs increase with the cognitive skills and the average age of the workers in the occupation of origin, and with the proportion of workers at high ROA in manufacturing.
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  • 51
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 17 (January 2019)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Unconventional monetary policy ; productivity ; capital reallocation ; bond markets ; United States ; United States ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: We examine the relationship between lax monetary policy, access to high-yield bond markets and productivity in the US between 2008 and 2016. Using monetary policy surprises, obtained from changes in interest rates futures in narrow windows around FOMC announcements, we isolate the increased access to high-yield bond markets relative to investment-grade bond markets that is due to unconventional monetary policy (UMP). We find that through the risk-taking channel, UMP has increased investors’ appetite for high-yield US corporate bonds, thereby increasing access to high-yield bond markets for firms with a higher risk profile. Since the relationship between credit ratings and firm-level productivity is U-shaped, the aggregate effect on productivity is a priori unclear. Turning to the real economy, we thus analyse whether this additional access to finance had an effect on aggregate productivity by altering the reallocation of resources across firms. Our results show that unconventional monetary policy induced less investment in tangible capital by high-productive firms. However, before drawing conclusions on the net effects of UMP on aggregate productivity, we discuss a number of issues that this paper could not deal with due to data limitations, including prominently whether this apparent misallocation may have been offset by a shift in the composition of investments towards more intangible investment.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
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    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 272 (January 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Online-Marketing ; Verbraucherschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Online advertising is now the dominant form of advertising in many OECD countries, and offers businesses the ability to reach consumers in ways that could only have been imagined previously. Online advertising has the potential to benefit consumers through more relevant and timely advertising, and by funding a host of “free” online services. However, it also raises some new and complex challenges for consumers and consumer protection authorities. This report by the OECD’s Committee on Consumer Policy provides an introduction to the complex landscape that is online advertising. It outlines the potential benefits and risks for consumers, drawing on the behavioural insights literature where relevant.
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
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    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 276 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Informationstechnik ; Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates the hypothesis that the real contribution of ICT investment may be masked in official statistics because intermediate ICT expenditures embodied in non-ICT capital assets are not treated as ICT investment. Based on detailed SUTs collected in 12 OECD countries, the report presents estimates of indirect ICT investment, i.e. the value of ICT inputs embodied in non-ICT capital assets. ICT investment appears significantly higher when considering its indirect component, the average increase being about 35%. In addition, the inclusion of indirect ICT investment changes significantly the relative position of countries with respect to the ICT intensity of their investments.
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  • 54
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2019, 02
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews the empirical evidence on the socioeconomic distribution of exposure to a selection of common environmental risks such as air and noise pollution and natural hazards, and of access to amenities such as green space. It finds that there are many examples where disadvantaged groups within countries, regions or cities are exposed to greater environmental risks, and ultimately greater potential harm or damages, or have poorer access to amenities than more advantaged groups. However, this pattern is not ubiquitous, there are examples in the literature where no difference, or the opposite difference is observed. Next, the paper reviews the empirical literature on the distributional effects of environmental policies. It concludes that although the evidence on the direct effects of environmental policy varies by policy instrument type, the general lesson is that well-designed environmental policy reforms incorporating appropriately targeted compensation schemes (e.g. within existing social welfare systems) can neutralise direct negative distributional outcomes and generate progressive outcomes overall.
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 94 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD trade and environment working papers 2019, 01
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Addressing the relationship between domestic environmental regulations and international trade policies is essential to better understand the need for consistency and complementarity between these areas. The set of trade and environment indicators developed by the OECD aims to provide insights on this relationship by shedding light on topical debates regarding the interactions between trade and environmental policies. Issues covered include: carbon emissions embodied in trade; embodied raw materials in trade; the volume of trade in environmentally-related goods; tariffs on environmentally-related goods; support measures for fossil fuels; enabling policy and regulatory environment for renewable energy; the volume of trade in waste and scrap; and nutrient balances of exported grains. Although initial insights are provided for these indicators, no detailed analyses is developed at this stage. Rather, these indicators are building blocks to analyse, for instance, the determinants of identified trends or to allow for a better understanding of the issues at hand. Possible avenues for further policy-relevant investigations using the indicators are identified and discussed for each topic covered.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 56
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 64 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a first assessment of the degree to which public research contributes to innovative entrepreneurship, using data on start-ups and venture capital (VC). It looks at academic start-ups founded by recent undergraduates and doctorate students or researchers. It shows that academic start-ups represent 15% of all start-ups in the specific sample under scrutiny. Their share is higher in science-based technological fields such as biotechnology (23%). Across the majority of countries and technology fields, start-ups created by undergraduate students represent the highest share of all academic start-ups. As to their performance, start-ups founded by researchers are more likely to patent and those founded by students introduce innovations that are more radical compared to other start-ups. While start-ups founded by undergraduate students receive less VC funding and are less likely to exit via IPO or acquisition, those created by researchers are as successful as their non-academic counterparts.
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  • 57
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    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 68 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report includes an overview of the ship recycling market by providing descriptive statistics, describing the determinants for the decision of ship-owners to demolish vessels, and elaborating on the main market players and the economics of ship recycling. It furthermore provides an outlook of demolition volumes based on ship value estimates, and assesses the impact of the latest implemented international regulation – the Ballast Water Management Convention – on the industry. Since this market faces challenges to recycle vessels in an environmentally sustainable and health-protecting way, the report offers ideas to help solving these difficulties by looking at policies implemented in other industries. Special focus is given to the aircraft and vehicle industries as their characteristics in terms of recycling approach and earnings model are relevant to ship recycling. Most of the presented policies and initiatives have at least one aspect in common, namely the shared responsibility throughout the supply chain.
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  • 58
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 72 (May 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates the factors associated with the intensity of “mass lay-offs” across countries and industries, controlling for the dynamics of overall employment. The results suggest that some important drivers of structural transformation (e.g. digitalisation and globalisation) are not as clearly linked to mass lay-offs as one might expect, once their impact on overall job destruction is accounted for. The report also investigates the re-employability prospects of workers in sectors at high risk of mass lay-offs. Finally, the paper draws implications for different areas of policymaking, from labour market policy to industrial policy and also trade policy.
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 76 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: “Innovation ecosystems in the bioeconomy” examines the policy aspects of building the industrial and innovation ecosystems and value chains needed to make a bioeconomy viable as a sustainable means of production. While building biorefineries is more like a formulaic exercise in engineering, enabling these ecosystems and their value chains is a much more complex endeavour. Building on qualitative case studies and face-to-face interviews in eleven participating countries, the study reveals the diverse ways countries are seeking to achieve the goals set by national strategies and policies. The current report draws lessons from this diverse set of national case studies to generate both common and country-specific insights that can enable this transition from a fossil-based economy to a more sustainable one. These lessons include the need for systems-based approaches, attention to policy alignment, more focus on demand-side instruments, diversification of products, enabling medium-sized companies and harnessing converging technologies.
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 281 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: On 15-16 February 2018 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) hosted a Workshop on Digital Security and Resilience in Critical Infrastructure and Essential Services. The workshop brought together over 120 participants to discuss the effects of growing digital transformation on the resilience of critical infrastructures and essential services which rely increasingly on cross-border digital infrastructure. Over 25 experts discussed digital security in the financial, energy and transport sectors, in relation to the delivery of public sector services, and from the digital security public policy making perspective. Issues faced by SMEs were also addressed throughout the event. This report provides key cross-cutting high-level policy messages from the workshop, an issues paper developed to prepare the event, as well as a detailed account of discussions in each session.
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  • 61
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    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 285 (July 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the effects of zero rating, i.e. when a predetermined type of traffic received by consumers is not counted against the download allowance of the Internet access service. The report looks at the economics of zero rating and issues such as the effects of zero rating on competition and innovation. It also compares regulatory approaches across several countries. In terms of economics, the welfare effects of zero rating on consumers can be favourable or unfavourable. While case by case analyses are almost indispensable, the different approaches which regulators and policy makers around the world are taking to zero rating exhibits substantial variation. Nevertheless, it is desirable that regulators and policy makers are alive to both the benefits and the risks associated with zero rating practices, and that in deciding their approach they have regard to the level of competition in both content and ISP markets.
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 290 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims to complement the OECD Recommendation of on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce and discuss consumer policy issues associated with consumer data practices, offering greater insights into how consumer protection authorities can and have applied the principles in the Recommendation to address those issues. The guide focuses on selected consumer data practices, including: i) deceptive representations about consumer data practices; ii) misrepresentations by omission; and iii) unfair consumer data practices. It then provides key business tips to comply with consumer protection principles under the E-commerce Recommendation.
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  • 63
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 148
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Climate change and outdoor air pollution are two of the most challenging environmental issues that modern society faces. These challenges are strongly linked through their emission sources, the sectors they affect and the policies that can be implemented to reduce emissions. They also interact in the way they affect economic growth in the coming decades, although this aspect has been neglected in the literature. This paper presents the first global analysis of the joint economic consequences of climate change and outdoor air pollution to 2060, in the absence of new policies to address these challenges. A common methodology and a consistent modelling framework is used to specify the main economic interaction effects. While this paper provides a useful framework to analyse the interactions between two environmental issues in the economic system, the results need to be interpreted carefully, because of limited data availability.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 64
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 15
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The report contextualises the role of data analytics in the ongoing digital revolution and its potential for SME performance, including for enhancing SME productivity. It presents evidence on the use of data analytics in SMEs, discusses main internal and external barriers to the use of data analytics by SMEs, and illustrates policy approaches to foster data-driven decision-making in SMEs.
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  • 65
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 18 (January 2019)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents new evidence on industry concentration trends in Europe and in North America. It uses two novel data sources: representative firm-level concentration measures from the OECD MultiProd project, and business-group-level concentration measures using matched Orbis-Worldscope-Zephyr data. Based on the MultiProd data, it finds that between 2001 and 2012 the average industry across 10 European economies saw a 2-3-percentage-point increase in the share of the 10% largest companies in industry sales. Using the Orbis-Worldscope-Zephyr data, it documents a clear increase in industry concentration in Europe as well as in North America between 2000 and 2014 of the order of 4-8 percentage points for the average industry. Over the period, about 3 out of 4 (2-digit) industries in each region saw their concentration increase. The increase is observed for both manufacturing and non-financial services and is not driven by digital-intensive sectors.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    ISBN: 9789282110102
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 350 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Research report / International Transport Forum
    Serie: ITF Research Reports
    Schlagwort(e): Luftverkehrspolitik ; Deregulierung ; Welt ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Aviation is one of the most regulated industries in the world. Much of this regulation is safety-related, to mitigate the inherent risks tied with air transport. But aviation is also subject to economic regulation that influences which airline flies which route, at which frequency, capacity and price. It even stipulates the nationality of its owners and decision makers. Aviation has freed itself from some restrictions over the past three decades, with many benefits to society. Yet liberalisation has also raised issues with regard to maintaining fair competition, high labour standards and mitigating aviation’s growing environmental impact.
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  • 67
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 03
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents a new effort to collect comprehensive metadata for DynEmp and MultiProd, two OECD distributed microdata projects that collect information to analyse employment dynamics and productivity in a harmonised way across countries. It gives an overall description of both projects, presents the methodologies used for the data collection, summarises the main features of the data by country and provides further country-specific information.
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  • 68
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 07
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The following report examines the importance of industrial robotics as a driver of production and trade quality. In an attempt to peer below the aggregate surface of traditional industrial GVC indicators, the paper relies on 6 digit product level trade data to assess the extent to which industrial robotics influence the quality of exported and imported goods for developed and emerging economies over the last two decades. The results demonstrate that robotics contribute to increasing quality of exports however the effect is somewhat nuanced between high income and emerging economies. For high-income countries the diffusion of robots is linked with an increase in within product quality, however for emerging economies quality gains appear to be somewhat more pronounced between products. At the same time, robotics appear to have little or no effect on import quality or on the concentration of exports and products for either type of economy.
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  • 69
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 18
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.18
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Brazil ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: National development banks (NDBs) and development finance institutions – domestically focused, publicly owned financial institutions with a specific development mandate – are poised to play a role in bridging the investment gap for climate-compatible infrastructure in developing countries. But delivering on the Paris Agreement will require NDBs to transition from their traditional role as ‘financer’ to ‘mobiliser’ of investment for infrastructure, and to be better recognised in the international climate and development finance landscape. This paper highlights the role of NDBs drawing from case studies of the Brazilian Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and the Development Bank of Southern Africa. As such, it provides important impetus to the international discourse on decisive climate action.
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  • 70
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 80 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Technologiepolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Umweltpolitik ; Energietechnik ; Umwelttechnik ; Smart City ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This monograph benchmarks innovation policies for sustainability, focusing on two key areas: low-carbon and environmental technologies, and “smart-city” initiatives in selected OECD countries as well as the European Union. Country coverage of low-carbon technologies includes both natural resource-based energy-rich countries (e.g. Canada and the United States) and energy-challenged countries (e.g. Germany and Japan). Country or regional coverage of smart cities programmes focuses on Australia, Austria, Finland and Sweden, as well as two international programmes operated by the European Commission and the Nordic Council. The monograph assess the policies’ sectoral priorities. It reviews their portfolio of instruments, budgets, and monitoring and evaluation strategies, international co-operation strategies and identifies critical success factors.
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  • 71
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2019, 01
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a cross-country review of progress towards green growth in selected emerging market economies that are members or partners of the OECD. It draws on the country studies conducted within the OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Turkey between 2013 and 2019. It presents the main achievements in the countries reviewed, along with common trends and policy challenges. It provides insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of green growth policy frameworks and measures, which may provide useful lessons for other OECD and partner countries.
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  • 72
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD green growth papers 2019, 04
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The paper discusses the implications of the low-carbon transition for workers and the relevant lessons-learnt in previous industrial restructuring experiences. The evidence suggests that, while climate policies are likely to have a modest impact on aggregate employment, workers in certain regions and industries can be more severely affected. The transition may also have gender-differentiated impacts: men represent the largest share of the workforce of most negatively affected industries (e.g. coal-mining) while the growth of the renewable power generation sector, which exhibits a relatively more gender-balanced workforce, suggests that female employment may increase in the traditionally male-dominated energy sector. Lessons from the case-studies underline that a suite of polices is necessary to manage the structural adjustment process, including structural reforms and skills policies. Importantly, the low-carbon transition differentiates itself from previous restructuring experiences because of its policy-driven nature and the possibility to finance structural adjustment measures through carbon-pricing revenues.
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 71 (May 2019)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.71
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: How are OECD countries supporting digital innovation and ensuring that benefits spread across the economy? This paper explores the current landscape of strategies and initiatives implemented in OECD countries to support innovation in the digital age. It identifies common trends and differences in national digital, smart industry and artificial intelligence (AI) strategies. The paper also discusses policy instruments used across OECD to support digital innovation targeting four objectives: First, policies aimed at enhancing digital technology adoption and diffusion, including demonstration facilities for SMEs. Second, initiatives that promote collaborative innovation, including via the creation of digital innovation clusters and knowledge intermediaries. Third, support for research and innovation in key digital technologies, particularly AI (e.g. by establishing testbeds and regulatory sandboxes). Fourth, policies to encourage digital entrepreneurship (e.g. through early-stage business acceleration support).
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  • 74
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 144
    Schlagwort(e): Kohlekraftwerk ; Dauer ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltrecht ; Energierecht ; Welt ; 1962 - 2012 ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses the effect of environmental regulations on plant survival and emissions using data on the extent of vintage differentiation of regulations (VDR5) regarding air pollution emission limit values for existing and new coal-fired power plants. Focussing on NOx and SOx emissions, the paper applies survival analysis techniques on a sample of generating units across 31 OECD and non-member countries between 1962 and 2012.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 65 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Research Infrastructures (RIs) are indispensable for enabling and developing research in almost all scientific domains and represent an increasingly large share of research investment. As policy makers, funding agencies and RI management are increasingly expected to justify key decisions about implementing new projects or investing in existing ones, there is a demand for credible methodologies for assessing the overall impact of RIs. This report proposes a “Framework for assessing the scientific and socio-economic impact of research infrastructures”. It aims to provide funders, decision-makers and RI managers with a generic and versatile tool, based on current community practices, to evaluate the achievement of scientific and socio-economic objectives in a realistic way. The framework can be adapted for different types of RIs and different stages in the RI lifecycle. This tool should facilitate the communication and reporting between different RI stakeholders.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264466531
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal
    Schlagwort(e): 2013-2017 ; Klimaschutz ; Finanzierung ; Industrieländer ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents OECD estimates of annual volumes of climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for developing countries in 2013-17. These estimates include bilateral and multilateral public finance, official-supported export credits and mobilised private finance. The underpinning accounting framework is consistent with the one used by the OECD in 2015 to produce estimates of climate finance for the years 2013-14, as well as that used in 2016 to produce 2020 climate finance projections. Furthermore, it is also consistent with the outcome of the UNFCCC COP24 on modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilised through public interventions.
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  • 77
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 73 (June 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates the gender gap in the funding of innovative start-ups across OECD and BRICS countries using a detailed micro-dataset on start-ups and their founders. Results from empirical analysis show that start-ups with at least one woman in the team of founders are less likely to receive funding by 5-10%. When such start-ups do receive funding, they receive an amount lower by a third compared to start-ups created by male founders. Accounting for founders’ characteristics (their educational background and past professional experience) reduces the gap in likelihood to receive funding, but not the gap in funding amounts. A key conclusion is that addressing the gender gap will require a holistic approach, including through – but not restricted to – the education system. The paper concludes by a discussion of potential mechanisms that could explain the observed gap, presents policy options, and proposes an agenda for future research.
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 278 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report uses a standard gravity setup to analyse the determinants of e-commerce, using data on online credit card payments by private Spanish customers of the multinational bank BBVA. The results show that the gravity model applies well to credit card payments, explaining up to 95% of the variation in the data. The analysis finds potentially large border effects for trade between any two regions or countries, implying that individuals tend to purchase more from their home region or domestically than from other places. The estimates also suggest that the effect of distance might be slightly less important for e-commerce transactions than for offline trade, although the death of distance hypothesis is clearly rejected by the data.
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 79
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 152
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews ex-post empirical assessments on the impact of carbon pricing on competitiveness in OECD and G20 countries in the electricity and industrial sectors. Most of these assessments find no statistically significant effects of carbon pricing or energy prices on different dimensions of competitiveness, including net imports, foreign direct investments, turnover, value added, employment, profits, productivity, and innovation. When statistically significant results have been found, the magnitude of such effects tends to be small - either positive or negative. Thus, concerns about negative short-term effects of carbon pricing on firms’ or sectors’ international competitiveness have not come to pass, at least to date. These findings are in part because carbon price levels have been low and because of exemptions to carbon taxes for industry, or generous levels of free allowances to firms covered by emissions trading schemes.
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  • 80
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 153
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the results of an ex post evaluation of the impacts of a vehicle tax reform in Ireland, by carrying out a full social cost benefit analysis of a vehicle tax reform that began in Ireland in 2008 and shows that whilst successful in improving the fuel economy of new passenger cars, it may also have caused unintended effects, such as an increased proliferation of diesel vehicles in the passenger car fleet. These outcomes have mitigated the overall benefits. In addition to quantifying the scale of the various effects and outcomes, this paper clearly demonstrates the importance of broad scope policy design.
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  • 81
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 66 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Countries deploy a variety of financial, regulatory and soft policy instruments to promote science-industry knowledge exchange. While these instruments are often discussed in isolation, they are implemented collectively and may reinforce and complement but also weaken or even negatively affect each other and add excessive complexity. This paper develops a conceptual framework to map policy instruments for knowledge exchange and assess the interactions between them. The framework also considers how national contexts and global trends influence the choice of policy instruments. Policy examples drawn from the EC-OECD STIP Compass database and from case studies show that there are significant differences across countries in the relative importance given to each policy instrument in terms of budget, target groups, eligibility criteria, time horizon and implementation. These differences are also a consequence of different country conditions.
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 288 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Building on the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce, this paper aims to provide practical guidance to businesses on online consumer ratings and reviews. The document focuses on four issue areas: (i) fake ratings and reviews; (ii) incentivised ratings and reviews; (iii) negative ratings and reviews; and (iv) misleading moderation practices.
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  • 83
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 150
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a concrete example of how policy analysts can use empirical programme evaluation studies to perform ex-post assessments of environmentally related tax policies. A number of studies credibly identify causal effects of environmentally related tax policies, but do not necessarily provide all the information needed to fully inform the policy-making process. This paper argues that cost-benefit analysis (CBA) could enrich ex-post assessments of environmentally related tax policies, given that CBA provides decision makers with a broader perspective of social costs and benefits and allows the identification of potential trade-offs among policy objectives.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 84
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers no. 19 (October 2019)
    Serie: OECD productivity working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Productivity growth has declined in most advanced economies in the past two decades and there are signs that the pace of global value chain (GVC) integration has slowed in the post-crisis period. This paper explores the role of GVCs - international trade in intermediate inputs - for multi-factor productivity growth using a range of cross-country industry-level data sources. We find that greater participation in GVCs is associated with faster domestic productivity growth at the industry level. We estimate that if GVCs had continued to grow at their pre-crisis trend, productivity growth would have been around 1 percentage point faster over the subsequent five years in both manufacturing and services. We also find that the productivity-enhancing direction of trade differs between sectors. For manufacturing sectors, greater use of intermediate inputs from foreign sources (backward participation) is linked with faster productivity growth, reflecting the beneficial effects of having access to better quality or cheaper inputs. For services sectors, it is more the sales of intermediates (forward participation) that is associated with productivity gains, in line with the traditional role of services in foreign trade as providing inputs to other activities. Looking by partner country, GVC participation with higher productivity countries is particularly productivity enhancing. We also find that GVC integration spurs greater domestic innovation activity.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 85
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 95 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 04
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Drawing on the 2018 update of OECD’s Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) database, this paper explores the evolution of trade in value added (TiVA) between 2005 and 2015. Changes in international production systems are examined with particular attention given to four key sectors heavily integrated into global value chains (GVCs): Textiles and Apparel; Chemicals; ICT and Electronics; and, Motor Vehicles. Some insights into the roles played by services sectors and non-residents’ expenditure and, the employment and environmental impacts of GVCs, are also provided. Considerable heterogeneity across countries and regions is revealed, particularly for East and Southeast Asian where China plays a key role. Services are increasingly important for manufactured exporting activities as well as for countries wishing to “upgrade” their activities to higher value added stages of production. Taking a consumption perspective suggests that national efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be affected by international outsourcing of production.
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris, France : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 08
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Globale Wertschöpfungskette ; Input-Output-Analyse ; Schiffbau ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Arbeitspapier
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an initial assessment of the shipbuilding industry in the context of global value chains by presenting new descriptive evidence on value added generation and sourcing patterns of intermediate inputs for ship construction of major shipbuilding economies. The findings reveal that shipbuilding relies heavily on intermediate inputs as around 70-80% of the final output value of ship production is generated through supplier sectors. Concerning sourcing activity, China appears to be the most self-sufficient among the four jurisdictions studied, followed by Japan and the EU28, while Korea seems to be more globally integrated. The analysis also explores variations among the four economies in the cost structure of shipbuilding inputs, which might partly be explained by differences in the ship types produced.
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  • 87
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 78 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document presents nine innovation policy initiatives from different OECD countries that support research and innovation for sustainable development by embracing systemic solutions to address the challenge. The three types of initiatives reviewed include: i) grant schemes that support the development of environmental technologies; ii) programmes that foster research collaborations to address environmental challenges; and iii) smart city initiatives that support sustainable development in urban areas often by leveraging the use of digital technologies. The nine policy initiatives, which were selected based on an overview of initiatives gathered by the EC-OECD STIP Compass database, are described with regards to their main features, including policy objective, policy instrument(s) implemented, target groups, selection criteria and procedures, implementation challenges faced as well as their impact.
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  • 88
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 77 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents preliminary evidence on the patenting activities of 21 200 research institutions - 20 091 higher education institutions (HEIs) and 1 109 public research institutes (PRIs) - for 36 OECD countries and China from 1992 to 2014. Our evidence, which builds on a database that matches research institutions to a sample of their patent applications, indicates patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) filed by research institutions grew faster than industry patents. Those jointly filed by industry and research institutions grew even faster. However, research institutions’ share in patent applications remains low and their ratio of patents granted to applications is below that of industry. An econometric analysis at postal code level shows that geographical proximity to research institutions is associated with higher industry patenting. Results from an instrumental variable estimation indicate that research institutions positively influence local industry patenting, including in life sciences and digital technologies.
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  • 89
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 81 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Policies to boost the impact of public research can be classified into three broad categories. Firstly, policy initiatives promoting research excellence encourage frontier research by providing large-scale, long-term competitive funding to selected research centres. Secondly, policies supporting knowledge transfer aim at commercialising the results of public research through patent licensing, spin-off companies, and other channels. Thirdly, policies promoting science-industry co-creation focus on fostering more intense modes of research collaboration through joint funding, shared facilities and mixed teams; often involving other civil society stakeholders besides public research institutions and firms. This paper illustrates the variety of options available within each of these three types of policies, based on a review of twelve case studies across nine different countries. The analysis draws attention to the design options, budgets, implementation challenges, international scope, evaluation practices and lessons learnt from these policy initiatives.
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    ISBN: 9780815387213
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    DDC: 304.2
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Environment ; Economics ; Sustainability
    Kurzfassung: The response of the international community to the pressing socio-ecological problems has been framed around the concept of ‘sustainable development’. The ecological pressure, however, has continued to rise and mainstream sustainability discourse has proven to be problematic. It contains an instrumental view of the world, a strong focus on technological solutions, and the premise that natural and human-made ‘capitals’ are substitutable. This trajectory, which is referred to as ‘weak sustainability’, reproduces inequalities, denies intrinsic values in nature, and jeopardises the wellbeing of humans as well as other beings. Based on the assumptions of strong sustainability, this edited book presents practical and theoretical alternatives to today’s unsustainable societies. It investigates and advances pathways for humanity that are ecologically realistic, ethically inclusive, and receptive to the task’s magnitude and urgency. The book challenges the traditional anthropocentric ethos and ontology, economic growth-dogma, and programmes of ecological modernisation. It discusses options with examples on different levels of analysis, from the individual to the global, addressing the economic system, key sectors of society, alternative lifestyles, and experiences of local communities. Examining key topics including human–nature relations and wealth and justice, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental and development studies, ecological economics, environmental governance and policy, sustainable business, and sustainability science.
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  • 91
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 142
    Schlagwort(e): Produkthaftung ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Extended producer responsibility or product stewardship is a policy approach that aims to increase waste recovery and recycling. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems aim to make producers responsible for the environmental impacts of their products throughout the product chain, from design to the end-of-life phase. This report focuses on free-riding of producers or retailers, which the fast expansion of online sales in recent years has been exacerbating. Online sales are creating new free-riding opportunities as consumers are able to buy more easily from sellers in other countries. These sellers often have no physical, legal entity in the country where the consumer resides, and are not registered with national or local EPR schemes.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 63 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Multinationales Unternehmen ; Ausländische Tochtergesellschaft ; Globale Wertschöpfungskette ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Input-Output-Analyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) play an important role in host countries’ domestic value chains as part of the global activities of these companies in GVCs. MNE affiliates create directly large volumes of output, value added, international trade and jobs, and in addition they generate also important indirect effects. Foreign affiliates in host countries are not only sourcing locally produced inputs, tradeable as well as non-tradeable, but also produce final and intermediate products sold and used within the domestic economy. Based on the OECD Analytical AMNE database, this paper analyses the domestic linkages of MNE affiliates in host economies in order to get better insights in the role MNEs play across countries.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 16
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.16
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Embracing new technologies that could enable drastic reductions in GHG emissions will be key to delivering low-emissions pathways for growth, but it is not always obvious what the big breakthroughs will look like. This report looks at how blockchain technology can be applied to support sustainable infrastructure investment that is aligned with climate change objectives. It focuses on three key points: the financing of infrastructure initiatives, the creation of visibility and alignment of climate action, and the provisioning of awareness and access for institutions and consumers.
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  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment policy paper no. 17
    Serie: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.17
    Serie: Case study
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The investment choices we make in the coming years will either lock-in a climate-compatible, inclusive growth pathway, or a high-carbon, inefficient and unsustainable pathway for decades to come. Cities and regions, responsible for 60% of public investment in OECD countries, are significant contributes to spending and investment related to climate. With high levels of inequalities in many cities, the success of the transition will depend on the ability of local governments to engage in a “just” transition. This paper focuses on how national and sub-national governments can align subnational financial flows to transition towards low-carbon, resilient and inclusive cities. The paper is a contribution from the OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth initiative and to the OECD Programme on Subnational Finance and Investment.
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264539211 , 9789264913967 , 9789264789845
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 193 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Synergie ; Environment ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report builds on the OECD Well-being Framework and applies a new perspective that analyses synergies and trade-offs between climate change mitigation and broader goals such as health, education, jobs, as well as wider environmental quality and the resources needed to sustain our livelihoods through time. This report takes an explicitly political economy approach to the low-emissions transitions needed across five economic sectors (electricity, heavy industry, residential, surface transport, and agriculture) that are responsible for more than 60% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Synergies between emissions reduction and broader well-being objectives, such as reduced air pollution and improved health, increase the incentives for early mitigation action. At the same time, the impact of climate policies on issues such as the affordability of energy and jobs need to be taken into account to counter growing economic and social inequalities within and between countries. The report argues that reframing climate policies using a well-being lens is necessary for making visible such synergies and trade-offs; allowing decision-makers to increase the former and anticipate, manage and minimise the latter. This requires us to rethink societal goals in terms of well-being, reframe our measures of progress and refocus policy-making accordingly.
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  • 96
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD environment working papers no. 149
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Plastics are an important material in the economy but present a challenge for waste management, resource efficiency and the environment. Low rates of recycling and high rates of environmental leakage represent key sustainability challenges for plastics as well as product designers and producers. The chemical composition of plastics, including their additives, create physical and toxicological barriers to ‘closing the loop’ on the material, and creates risks such as low quality secondary materials or ecological exposure to hazardous chemicals. A range of policy instruments can be applied to improve the sustainability of plastics, including regulations, market-based instruments, information and voluntary tools. The report reviews the current use of instruments in each of these categories, provides a number of good practice examples, such as product taxes and charges, eco-design standards, extended producer responsibility and environmental product labels, as well as discussing opportunities for their future applications.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 97
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 70 (April 2019)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.70
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This work investigates how education and training policies may facilitate occupational transitions. It proposes a methodology to estimate cognitive and task-based skill distances across occupation. It identifies the occupational transitions that can occur upon small (of up to 6 months), moderate (up to 1 year) or important (up to 3 years) (re)training spells. “Possible” transitions, i.e. transitions implying reasonable upskilling needs and similar knowledge areas, are distinguished from “acceptable” occupations, i.e. possible transitions entailing limited loss of human capital and income, if any. Possible and acceptable transitions exist for the quasi-totality of occupations, when up to one year of training is considered. Low-skilled occupations display fewer acceptable transitions and generally require higher cognitive or task-based skills. Transitions for many high-skilled occupations entail important wage decreases or skills excesses. Acceptable transitions for occupations at high-risk of automation are harder to find, and tend to require cognitive and task-based skills-related training.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 98
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 74 (July 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digital technologies impact innovation in all sectors of the economy, including traditional ones such as agriculture, the automotive industry, and retail. Similar trends across sectors include that the Internet of Things and data are becoming key inputs for innovation, innovation cycles are accelerating, services innovation is gaining importance and collaborative innovation matters more. Sector-specific dynamics are driven by differences in opportunities such technologies offer for innovation in products, processes and business models, as well as differences in the types of data needed for innovation and the conditions for digital technology adoption. The analysis calls for revisiting innovation policy mixes to ensure these remain effective and address emerging challenges. A sectoral approach is needed when designing innovation policies in some domains, especially regarding data access and digital technology adoption policies. The current focus of innovation policies on boosting R&D to meet R&D intensity targets also requires scrutiny.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 279 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims to complement the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce by elaborating on its key principles in the context of online advertising and offering practical guidance on how to apply these principles. For these purposes, the guide provides a number of good practice examples from policy makers, consumer enforcement agencies, and stakeholders that are relevant to the key principles. Building on those examples, the guide also offers tips for businesses in four areas of online advertising: (i) misleading marketing practices; (ii) ad identification; (iii) endorsements; and (iv) protection of children or vulnerable consumers.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 283 (June 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report synthesises an OECD project to develop a framework and a set of statistical indicators that can be used to assess the digital security (cybersecurity) risk management practices of businesses. A survey instrument aligned with the framework was developed and piloted. After a general introduction, the report starts with a brief overview of the state of affairs in the measurement of digital security risk and its management prior to the OECD project. It provides an in-depth explanation of the measurement framework for the assessment of digital security risk management practices in businesses and an analysis of the outcomes of a pilot survey instrument based on the measurement framework, tested with members of the Federation of European Risk Management Associations (FERMA) in 2018. The conclusion of the report provides recommendations for future efforts that build on this project.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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