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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (4,614)
  • 2010-2014  (4,500)
  • 1980-1984  (107)
  • 1965-1969  (7)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,787)
  • Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar  (446)
  • Rotterdam : SensePublishers  (381)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9781782540915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 235 pages) , diagrams
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic and political aftermath of the Arab Spring
    DDC: 330.9174927
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    Keywords: Politische Unruhen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Wirkungsanalyse ; MENA-Staaten ; Arab Spring, 2010- ; Electronic books ; Arab countries Economic conditions 21st century ; Arab countries Politics and government 21st century ; Middle East Economic policy ; Africa, North Economic policy ; Arabischer Frühling ; Auswirkung ; Politik ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: The economies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have always been characterized by economic volatility and social disparities. The recent 'Arab Spring' wave of protests has increased political uncertainty and instability in the region, and this timely book provides an in-depth analysis of the subsequent changes from economic, political and environmental perspectives. The international contributors provide a comprehensive overview of the situation in the Mediterranean Basin, addressing a wide range of contributing factors including: -productivity and innovation -trade and foreign investment -changing geo-political equilibria -labour markets and the role of women -the environment, climate change and energy sourcing. The book concludes that the key problems shared by MENA countries are the uncertain economic prospects coupled with high levels of unemployment - a combination that, through different channels, limits technological and innovative capacities. This book will prove an enlightening read for scholars, researchers and students in various academic fields including development economics, development studies, political economy, international politics and Islamic studies.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9781781004296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 551 pages) , diagrams
    Series Statement: Elgar original reference
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbook on food
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    Keywords: Lebensmittel ; Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährungspolitik ; Lebensmittelpreis ; Preiskonvergenz ; Armut ; Ernährungsverhalten ; Lebensmittelmarkt ; Finanzkapitalismus ; Agraraußenhandel ; Agrarproduktion ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Bodenbelastung ; Wassermangel ; Kleinbauern ; Welt ; Food security ; Food supply Forecasting ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Food ; Electronic books ; Außenwirtschaft ; Agrarhandel ; Lebensmittelhandel ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: 1. Overview : handbook on food demand, supply, sustainability and security / Raghbendra Jha, Raghav Gaiha and Anil Deolalikar -- 2. The political economy of food security : a behavioral perspective / C. Peter Timmer -- 3. Shocks to the system : monitoring food security in a volatile world / Derek Headey, Olivier Ecker, and Jean-Francois Trinh Tan -- 4. Food price inflation, growth and poverty / Shikha Jha and P.V. Srinivasan -- 5. Transmission of global food prices, supply response and impacts on the poor / David Dawe -- 6. The financialization of food commodity markets / Christopher L. Gilbert and Simone Pfuderer -- 7. Financialization of food commodity markets, price surge and volatility / Kritika Mathur ... [et al.] -- 8. Dietary shifts and diet quality in India : an analysis based on 50th, 61st and 66th rounds of NSS / Raghav Gaiha ... [et al.] -- 9. Dietary change, nutrient transition and food security in fast growing China / Jing You -- 10. Poverty-nutrition traps / Raghbendra Jha, Katsushi Imai & Raghav Gaiha -- 11. The political economy of dietary allowances / C. Sathyamala -- 12. Economic prosperity and non-communicable disease : understanding the linkages / Ajay Mahal and Lainie Sutton -- 13. Trade food and welfare / Alexander Sarris -- 14. Enhancing food security : agricultural productivity, international trade and poverty reduction / Peter Warr -- 15. Best-fit options of crop staples for food security : productivity, nutrition and sustainability / Jill Gready -- 16. Emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture and their mitigation / Francesco N. Tubiello and Josef Schmidhuber -- 17. Land degradation, water scarcity and sustainability / Manab Das ... [et al.] -- 18. Viability of small-scale farms in Asia / Keijiro Otsuka -- 19. Food entitlements, subsidies and right to food / Simrit Kaur -- 20. Middle class dietary consumption pattern : a conceptual and sociological overview / Vani S. Kulkarni.
    Abstract: 'This volume is a welcome and timely contribution to a topic of enduring importance. The global consequences of recent food price crises underscore the need to examine food security issues from diverse perspectives. This volume meets that need, featuring accessible yet cutting-edge analyses of food security by leading experts in fields as diverse as trade, nutrition, public health, production, political economy, and behavioral economics. It will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and practitioners.' --Steven Block, Tufts University, US. 'This excellent volume offers a compact but wide-ranging survey of recent research on important changes in global food markets. Its 20 chapters accurately capture important areas of scholarly agreement as well as on-going debates among economists studying agriculture and nutrition, with several provocative original contributions from other fields. The book draws particularly on the authors' long experience in Asia, offering widely-applicable insights for scholars and policy analysts seeking to understand the past, present and future of food around the world.' --William A. Masters, Tufts University, US. The global population is forecasted to reach 9.4 billion by 2050, with much of this increase concentrated in developing regions and cities. Ensuring adequate food and nourishment to this large population is a pressing economic, moral and even security challenge and requires research (and action) from a multi-disciplinary perspective. This book provides the first such integrated approach to tackling this problem by addressing the multiplicity of challenges posed by rising global population, diet diversification and urbanization in developing countries and climate change. It examines key topics such as: the impact of prosperity on food demand, the role of international trade in addressing food insecurity, the challenge posed by greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land degradation, the implication on labor markets of severe under-nutrition, viability of small scale farms, strategies to augment food availability. The Handbook on Food would be a welcome supplementary text for courses on development economics, particularly those concentrating on agricultural development, climate change and food availability, as well as nutrition
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781782549727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 255 pages) , diagrams , illustrations
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als New developments in economic education
    DDC: 330'.0711
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    Keywords: Ökonomische Bildung ; Wirtschaftspädagogik ; Wirtschaftsstudium ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Economics Study and teaching (Higher) ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ökonomische Bildung ; Wirtschaftspädagogik ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Abstract: 'Mixon and Cebula have compiled a valuable collection that offers a blend of compelling empirical results on the efficacy of classroom innovations along with practical advice to implement cutting edge pedagogical techniques. New and seasoned instructors alike can enhance their economics courses and improve student learning as they select from innovative ideas that range from simple to complex.' (Gail Hoyt, University of Kentucky, US). -- 'This volume is a welcome addition to an ever growing body of work in economic education. The chapters herein are sure to appeal equally to new and seasoned instructors. The often overlooked process of setting expectations is motivated through a fresh look at syllabus construction. A wide range of content areas are covered throughout the volume, with dedicated chapters on the Coase Theorem and tax evasion. Research chapters enhance our understanding of the acquisition of economic knowledge (through clicker use), the stock of economic and financial knowledge (and correlated factors), and how real and perceived economic and financial literacy influence opinions (related to the financial crisis). The depth and breadth of coverage on such important topics make this a must have volume.' (KimMarie McGoldrick, University of Richmond, US). -- 'This volume includes chapters extending and updating innovative teaching methods for undergraduate economics courses, as well as chapters with empirical research. Economic educators and general economists who are interested in teaching will therefore find something of interest and importance here.' (Michael Watts, Purdue University, US).
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781782546429
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (v, 237 pages)
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als McCain, Roger A., 19XX - Reframing economics
    DDC: 330.01
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    Keywords: Wirtschaftstheorie ; Kooperation ; Kooperatives Spiel ; Cooperation ; Macroeconomics ; Economics ; Electronic books ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Kooperatives Verhalten ; Spieltheorie
    Abstract: 'For most of the 20th century economists focused on competition as the driving force of the modern capitalist economy. In his thoughtful and readable book, Roger A. McCain offers a different frame of reference for economists. Using game theory's distinction between cooperative and non-cooperative games, he defines economics as the study of the development of cooperative agreements in the economy and the failure to bring them about. Orthodox economists who think in terms of a competitive model and heterodox economists who adhere to a class conflict paradigm will both find their ideas challenged by McCain's new frame that sees mature capitalism as the result of class compromise based on an imperfectly cooperative game.' (Donald R. Stabile, St. Mary's College of Maryland, US). -- The objectives of this book are twofold. Firstly, it proposes that economics should be defined as a study of imperfect cooperation. Secondly, it elucidates the continuities that extend from classical political economy through the neoclassical, Keynesian, and modern economics of the twenty-first century. Roger McCain explores economics as the study of cooperative arrangements, or the ways in which people work together. He asserts that there is no 'new paradigm', but rather a more encompassing cognitive frame. In the same spirit, the book borrows freely, without doctrinairism, from Austrian and other heterodox traditions - including Marxism where it is helpful - and social philosophers in the social contract tradition. Game theory of both branches plays a key role throughout. -- Presenting an innovative new framework for the major topics that together make up economic theory, this highly accessible book will strongly appeal to economics scholars, researchers and students, especially those in the fields of heterodox economics and the history of economic thought.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9781781004647
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvii, 276 pages) , diagrams, illustrations
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
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    Keywords: Water Pollution potential ; Municipal water supply ; Sustainable urban development ; Water Pollution potential ; Municipal water supply ; Sustainable urban development ; Electronic books ; Stadtökologie ; Wasserverschmutzung ; Wasserversorgung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Klimaänderung
    Abstract: This multi-disciplinary book provides practical solutions for safeguarding the sustainability of the urban water environment. Firstly, the importance of the urban water environment is highlighted and the major problems urban water bodies face and strategies to safeguard the water environment are explored. Secondly, the diversity of pollutants entering the water environment through stormwater runoff are discussed and modelling approaches for factoring in climate change and future urban and transport scenarios are proposed. Thirdly, by linking the concepts of sustainable urban ecosystems and sustainable urban and transport development, capabilities of two urban sustainability assessment models are demonstrated. To achieve sustainability of the urban water environment and future viability of treatment strategies, a framework that supports their adaptation to future challenges is required. A conceptual framework which involves a decision making cycle integrating best management practices and best planning practices that can be adopted to ensure future adaptation is also presented. Taking a holistic approach and with practical applications for modelling and predictions, Sustainable Urban Water Environment will strongly appeal to postgraduate students, practitioners and researchers in environmental science, environmental policy and urban transport planning.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781782549208
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 189 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Elgaronline
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Food consumption in China
    DDC: 338.1951
    Keywords: Lebensmittelkonsum ; China ; Food supply ; Food consumption ; Lebensmittelwirtschaft ; Lebensmittelproduktion ; Lebensmittelverbrauch ; Verbraucherverhalten ; Electronic books ; China ; China ; Lebensmittelwirtschaft ; Lebensmittelproduktion ; Lebensmittelverbrauch ; Verbraucherverhalten
    Abstract: 'This work is not an easy read, for all the right reasons. The authors stay well away from stylised facts, instead providing a rigorous assessment that gives readers a more informed and textured understanding of key drivers of China's food consumption. Beyond academics, commercial firms and prospective trading partners will find this book an important resource; its judicious use of tables, charts, maps and applied work paint a nuanced picture of China's markets' prospects and the challenges that still remain.' (Brad Gilmour, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada). -- 'China's food consumption will have a fundamental impact on Chinese and global food supply and demand, and therefore food and nutrition security in the world. In addition, Chinese consumption patterns have important implications on global natural resources and the environment. To design policies and strategies to guide Chinese consumers towards a more sustainable and healthy diet requires solid data and analysis of future Chinese consumption trends. This book is a welcome first step. The authors of this book are some of the most experienced and respected researchers on Chinese agriculture and food issues. It is a valuable source of reference for researchers, government policymakers and anyone in the private sector who is interested in Chinese and global food systems.' (Shenggen Fan, International Food Policy Research Institute, US). -- 'With the world's largest population and second largest economy, China plays an important role in global food production and consumption. This book by a distinguished group of authors presents an updated analysis of food consumption in China. The material covered is informative and comprehensive. All food-related traders, researchers and analysts would benefit from reading this book.' (Yanrui Wu, The University of Western Australia, Australia).
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9781784711382
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 125 pages)
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Islahi, Abdul A., 1950 - History of Islamic economic thought
    DDC: 297.3
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    Keywords: Islamisches Wirtschaftssystem ; Ökonomische Ideengeschichte ; Islam ; Economics Religious aspects ; Islam ; Islam Economic aspects ; Electronic books ; Islamische Staaten ; Wirtschaft ; Religion ; Einfluss
    Abstract: This unique book highlights the contributions made by Muslim scholars to economic thought throughout history, a topic that has received relatively little attention in mainstream economics. Abdul Azim Islahi discusses various ways in which Muslim ideas reached the European West, influencing scholars and helping to form the foundations of modern economic ideas and theories. Early chapters outline the foundations of Islamic economic thought and describe three distinct phases of its development over time. The author then identifies key theories and tenets of modern economics - including value; market and pricing; production and distribution; money and interest; and the economic role of the state - and explores the influence of Muslim scholarly thought on each. The concluding chapter highlights the importance of further exploration of the topic and offers insightful recommendations for future research. This fascinating book will be of great interest to students and scholars of both the history of economic thought and Islamic economics.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781783470907
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 204 p) , ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)
    Series Statement: New perspectives on the modern corporation
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The internationalisation of business R&D
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    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Industrieforschung ; Forschungskosten ; Auslandsinvestition ; Internationale Geschäftsbeziehungen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Research, Industrial Management ; Business Research ; Research, Industrial International cooperation ; Research, Industrial ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Internationalisierung ; Europa ; USA ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Internationalisierung ; Branche
    Abstract: It has become clear that over the past few decades enterprises not only produce and sell abroad but increasingly also develop goods and services outside their home countries; a development now known as the internationalisation of business R&D. This book presents a comprehensive picture of the current state of internationalisation of R&D in the business sector. The contributors explore key patterns of the internationalisation of R&D across various countries and sectors using case studies to underpin empirical evidence. They examine the drivers of the process, revealing the impacts of R&D internationalisation on both home and host countries using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Topics discussed include: why firms locate R&D activities abroad, data availability, quality and comparability, the role of the EU and the US in the internationalisation of R&D, country-level factors such as size, workforce and FDI as determinants of R&D internationalisation, impacts of R&D internationalisation on home and host countries. This book will prove an insightful read for academics, researchers and students with an interest in economics - particularly the economics of innovation - business and management, and science and technology. It will also prove a valuable resource for R&D policymakers and public administrators
    Abstract: 1. Introduction / Bernhard Dachs, Robert Stehrer and Georg Zahradnik -- 2. Internationalisation of R&D : a brief survey of the literature / Bernhard Dachs -- 3. Issues in collecting data on the internationalisation of R&D / Georg Zahradnik and Waltraut Urban -- 4. R&D internationalisation across countries and over time / Georg Zahradnik -- 5. R&D internationalisation in Belgium, the Czech Republic and Switzerland / Franziska Kampik, Sandra Leitner and Georg Zahradnik -- 6. The sectoral perspective / Georg Zahradnik -- 7. The relationship between the European Union and United States of America / Bernhard Dachs -- 8. The structure of cross-country R&D expenditure : a social network analysis perspective / Thomas Scherngell -- 9. Host country determinants of R&D internationalisation / Sandra Leitner and Robert Stehrer -- 10. Drivers of R&D internationalisation in the automotive industry and in knowledge-intensive business services / Bernahrd Dachs and Doris Hanzl-Weiss -- 11. Impacts of R&D internationalisation on domestic R&D activities / Sandra Leitner and Robert Stehrer -- 12. R&D internationalisation from an Indo-German perspective / Rajnish Tiwari -- 13. R&D internationalisation and the Global Financial Crisis / Bernhard Dachs
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9781782546344
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 341 pages) , diagrams
    Series Statement: Advances in regulatory economics
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The role of the postal and delivery service in a digital age
    DDC: 383.4
    Keywords: Postsektor ; Postmarkt ; Schrumpfende Märkte ; Digitale Güter ; Regulierung ; Postrecht ; EU-Staaten ; USA ; Postal service Technological innovations ; Postal service ; Lease and rental services ; Technological innovations ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This volume, the result of the 21st Conference on Postal and Delivery Economics (Ireland, 2013), describes the continuing problem of the decline of the postal sector in the face of electronic competition and offers strategies for the survival of mail services in a digital age. The 25 original papers in this collection provide econometric analyses on the changing demand and elasticity of mail in the modern era. Proposed solutions to declining interest in the postal sector include closer links between mail services and the digital sphere, expansion of the parcel sector, changes to the universal service obligation, legal reform and regulatory change. Professors and students of regulatory economics will have an interest in this book, as will managers and other decision-makers working within the postal sector.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9781783477944
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 731 pages) , diagrams
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global shock, risks, and Asian financial reform
    DDC: 332/.042095
    Keywords: Financial crises ; Financial institutions ; Finance ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The growth of financial markets has clearly outpaced the development of financial market regulations. With growing complexity in the world of finance, and the resultant higher frequency of financial crises, all eyes have shifted toward the current inadequacy of financial regulation. This book expertly examines what this episode means for Asia's financial sector and its stability, and what the implications will be for the region's financial regulation. By focusing on legal and institutional frameworks, the book also elaborates on various issues and challenges in terms of how financial liberalization can maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of crisis. The book will appeal to academics, students, and policymakers across a diverse range of fields including: international finance and trade, economics, Asian studies, development, and development economics
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781781004715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 556 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Elgar original reference
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A handbook of alternative theories of public economics
    DDC: 336
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    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Öffentliche Güter ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wissenschaftliche Methode ; Österreichische Schule ; Wohlfahrtsökonomik ; Neue politische Ökonomie ; Economics ; Finance, Public ; Electronic books ; Öffentliche Wirtschaft ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wissenschaft ; Methode
    Abstract: This comprehensive and thought-provoking Handbook reviews public sector economics from pluralist perspectives that either complement or reach beyond mainstream views. The book takes a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, drawing on economic elements in the fields of philosophy, sociology, psychology, history and law. The expert contributors present new methodological approaches across these disciplines in five distinct sections: 'Revisiting the Theoretical Foundations' compares and contrasts Austrians, Marxists, public choice theorists and Keynesians, 'Revisiting the Values' is concerned with justice, welfare, religions and civil rights, 'Beyond Rationalistic Rational Choice' includes chapters devoted to memory, information and group motivation, The final sections on 'Optimal Government and Government Failure' and 'Public Economics of Public Bads' deal with competition among governments, their suboptimal size, regulation, corruption, the informal economy, cognitive dissonance, rent seeking, the UN and criminal cycles. Academics, researchers and students with an interest in economics --particularly public sector economics and Austrian economics - and public policy will find this Handbook to be an invaluable reference tool.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9781782546627
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 269 pages)
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Olsen, Tricia D. Law, Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Gap, edited by Robert C. Bird, Daniel R. Cahoy and Jamie Darin Prenkert. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Press, 2014. 269 pp. ISBN: 978-1782546610 2015
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: Social responsibility of business ; Human rights ; Electronic books ; Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht ; Menschenrecht ; Unternehmen ; Soziale Verantwortung ; Corporate Social Responsibility
    Abstract: The intersection of business and human rights contains substantial economic, social, and political implications. Global business enterprises and civil society groups must establish a constructive and meaningful dialogue in order to work cooperatively to protect human rights. In this innovative book, the authors explore the role of firms in respecting human rights and explain the need for a better understanding of the human rights of affected stakeholders. The goal is to draw attention to these issues and generate common ground between two potentially disparate and conflicting interests. -- ‘The business and human rights field is burgeoning, and this volume makes a significant contribution by drawing business law scholars into related debates. Rich in empirical detail, individual chapters analyze the challenges faced both at the firm-level and from the perspective of affected stakeholders across a range of sectors and issue areas. Highly recommended.’ (Shareen Hertel, University of Connecticut, US).
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781783472314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 293 pages) , diagrams
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fan, Chengze Simon, 1966 - Vanity economics
    DDC: 306.3
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    Keywords: Familienökonomik ; Sexualität ; Bevölkerungstheorie ; Psychologie ; Economics Sociological aspects ; Pride and vanity ; Marriage Economic aspects ; Families Economic aspects ; Sex Economic aspects ; Electronic books ; Sexualverhalten ; Ehe ; Familie ; Statussymbol ; Eitelkeit ; Verhaltensökonomie
    Abstract: This book presents an accessible and sometimes controversial economic exploration of numerous issues surrounding sex, marriage and family. It analyses the role of 'vanity', defined as social status and self-esteem, in social and economic behaviours. In Veblen's theory of conspicuous consumption, vanity is associated with the consumption of luxuries such as expensive handbags and cars. In this book, C. Simon Fan provocatively argues that vanity is obtained by having a spouse and children with perceived 'high-quality' values, for example, a beautiful wife, a tall husband or intelligent offspring. He demonstrates from various perspectives that vanity plays a crucial role in male-female relationships and intergenerational relationships. In doing so, he challenges the conventional frontier of economics and contributes to other social sciences. This unique book will appeal to the educated general reader and interested academic alike.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781783479825
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxv, 696 pages) , diagrams
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Keywords: Capitalism Religious aspects ; Islam ; Finance (Islamic law) ; Finance Religious aspects ; Islam ; Economics Religious aspects ; Islam ; Islam Economic aspects ; Electronic books ; Islam ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: 'This volume presents carefully selected research by reputed scholars on diverse topics dealing with the economic life of Muslims. The book provides a perspective not only on key aspects of the moral economy but also on the behaviour and expectations of economic agents. The distinguished editors have made a valuable contribution by expanding the scope of typical Islamic economics literature and by including topics dealing with the day-to-day life of Muslim society.' (Zamir Iqbal, The World Bank Global Center for Islamic Finance Development). -- According to the most recent Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, nearly one in four people in the world are Muslim. In light of these numbers, Handbook on Islam and Economic Life is one of the first books to consider Islam within a broader economic sphere by focusing on the ways in which Islam shapes and interacts with the economy. With contributions from leading scholars, this unique Handbook explores how Islam impinges upon and seeks to condition major aspects of economic life including economic organisation, business and management, finance and investment, charity, mutuality and self-help, and government. It concludes by analysing the link between religion and development, the present economic circumstances in Arab countries and the vexed issue of the origins and causes of underdevelopment in Muslim countries. Covering a breadth of topics and research, this book will be essential reading for academics in both Muslim and western universities, graduates and postgraduates of Islamic studies as well as Islamic and other research institutes.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD skills strategy diagnostic report
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Österreich ; Education ; Employment ; Austria ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to Austria’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Austria identifies 14 skills challenges for Austria. The project and this report build on both the insights from workshops as well as latest international comparative analysis from OECD and national sources. The report provides cases illustrating how other countries have tackled similar challenges, which can be used as input to potential policy options on how to tackle these challenges. The challenges are described under each of the main pillars of the OECD Skills Strategy. The first 11 challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The next three challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions which strengthen the overall skills system. Success in tackling these skills challenges will boost performance across the whole skills system.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers no.2014/03
    Keywords: Environment ; Trade ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report assesses conceptually and empirically the extent to which the stringency of environmental regulations drives international trade in environmental goods. Many of the measures governments adopt to address issues such as local air and water pollution or GHG emissions take the form of regulations that aim to change the behaviour of firms or households. Compliance by private actors with those regulations in turn generates a growing market for environmental goods and services that is increasingly international in scope as more countries tighten their environmental regulations. Regulatory stringency thus spurs the development of a market for a whole range of equipment specifically meant for preventing and abating pollution, with important implications for international trade in such equipment. The different indicators of regulatory stringency considered in the present analysis generally support the notion that the stringency of environmental regulations positively affects countries’ specialisation in environmental products, even when considering specific sectors such as solid-waste management or wastewater treatment. While increased trade in environmental products is not an end in itself, the environmental benefits this entails can contribute to global improvements in environmental quality. By increasing demand for environmental products and technologies, environmental policy can complement trade policy in supporting pollution-reduction efforts not just domestically, but also abroad.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.74
    Keywords: Klimapolitik ; Politikfeldanalyse ; Lernen ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper explores methodological approaches that can be used to monitor and evaluate climate change adaptation initiatives at the projects and programme levels. It examines approaches that have been used in other areas of development practice to see what lessons have been learned that can inform the development of monitoring and evaluation frameworks targeted at adaptation. The paper focuses on three methodological challenges related to monitoring and evaluation that are particularly relevant for adaptation: i) assessing attribution, ii) establishing baselines and targets, and iii) dealing with long time horizons. The paper also considers the importance of on-going learning in evaluation and the benefit of applying a comprehensive approach to monitoring and evaluation, building on tested practices from participatory methods and social sciences techniques.
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.76
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Abfallvermeidung ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Ökonometrie ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report focusses on the determinants of household waste generation, the separation of recyclables and waste prevention behaviours. It presents the econometric results of follow-up analysis of the 2011 OECD Survey on Environmental Policy and Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC). This report complements the overview of the survey data provided in the publication « Greening Household Behaviour: Overview from the 2011 Survey - Revised edition » (2014)...
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.77
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report focuses on personal transport choices. It presents the results of follow-up analysis of the 2011 OECD Survey on Environmental Policy and Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) survey where econometric techniques are applied. The report complements the overview of the survey data provided in the publication OECD (2014). The objective of the analysis is to understand the determinants of household choices in the following areas: the use of alternative modes of transportation car ownership, willingness-to-pay for an electric vehicles and the relative importance of environmental factors when buying a car. The results indicate that the choice of non-motorized modes of transportation is strongly correlated with the proximity of the destination and that attitudinal variables play only a minor role. The same is true for the use of public transport. Households that say that they trust information about environmental impact of products, are better educated about impact of private transport and are in favour of government actions to reduce CO2, tend to have a higher willingness to pay for electric vehicles.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.79
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Haushaltsstatistik ; Ökonometrie ; Australien ; Kanada ; Chile ; Frankreich ; Israel ; Japan ; Korea ; Niederlande ; Spanien ; Schweden ; Schweiz ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The second round of the OECD Survey on Environmental Policy for Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) was implemented in 2011. A publication providing an overview of the survey data from over 12 000 households in eleven countries (Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) is available.1 Follow-up econometric analyses were conducted in each of the thematic areas covered (energy, food, transport, waste and water), as well as on cross-domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours.2 This report presents a synthesis of main results from econometric analysis using the data from the 2011 EPIC survey, as well as policy implications.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 14
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Motivated by the ongoing interest of policy makers in the sources of job creation, this paper presents results from a new OECD project on the dynamics of employment (DynEmp) based on an innovative methodology using firm-level data (i.e. national business registers or similar sources). It demonstrates that among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), young firms play a central role in creating jobs, whereas old SMEs tend to destroy jobs. This pattern holds robustly across 17 OECD countries and Brazil, extending recent evidence found in the United States. The paper also shows that young firms are always net job creators throughout the business cycle, even during the financial crisis. During the crisis, entry and post-entry growth by young firms were affected most heavily, although downsizing by old firms was responsible for most job losses. The results also highlight large cross-country differences in the growth potential of young firms, pointing to the role played by national policies in enabling successful firms to create jobs.
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 15
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper aims to provide an introduction to and overview of the social investment market for policy makers in OECD and non-OECD countries. Social investment is the provision of finance to organisations with the explicit expectation of a social, as well as financial, return. Social investment has become increasingly relevant in today’s economic environment as social challenges have mounted while public funds in many countries are under pressure. New investment approaches are needed for addressing social and economic challenges, including new models of public and private partnership which can fund, deliver and scale innovative solutions from the ground up.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 16
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Industrial policy, broadly defined, covers a multitude of policy instruments and approaches. While there has been a recent revival of interest in industrial policy around the world, systematic evidence of efficacy is relatively scarce. This report brings together the work of an OECD expert group that has considered recent evidence from the evaluation of industrial policy. The report focuses on three specific policy areas, namely: support for R&D; capital market interventions (with a focus on risk capital); and public procurement for innovation. The report also examines three areas where packages of industrial policy measures are generally applied: sector approaches including public-private partnerships; policies towards clusters and business networks; and national industrial strategies. In many areas of industrial policy, evaluation faces particular methodological challenges. These challenges are outlined in the report, which concludes by drawing together the main policy lessons from the available evaluation evidence.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 17
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: As OECD countries emerge from the global financial crisis, several countries have published their plans for the development of a future bioeconomy, an economy in which bio-based materials and production techniques will contribute significantly to economic and environmental sustainability. Such plans typically involve building a bio-based production industry in which fuels, energy and materials such as chemicals and plastics, almost always generated from fossil resources such as oil and natural gas, are incrementally replaced by equivalent or novel products generated from renewable resources. The realisation of this vision will require sustainably harnessing the vast biomass resource. The highest policy priorities at present are on several levels: allowing bio-based materials to compete for biomass on price with bioelectricity and biofuels; rectifying the highly distorting fossil fuel subsidies, heading off future competition for crude oil demand; and correcting for any excessive regulatory impacts. If governments wish to realise a successful bioeconomy in the future, the case for support for bio-based chemicals and plastics warrants serious attention.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The increase in the human life span is a testament to the economic, social and medical progress made over the course of the last century. However, an ageing population brings some new challenges both to healthcare systems and to medicine in terms of the increased manifestation of specific diseases primarily seen in the elderly. Biomedical innovation, and in particular research into “omics technologies”, offers the promise of new means of detection, prevention and treatment of age-related disabilities and diseases. But the development of these new technologies will not be without challenges, in particular with respect to the difficulty of translating technological advances into innovation in the clinical setting. This report provides a synthesis of a March 2013 workshop organised by the OECD and the Human Genome Organisation (HGO) which focused on latest advances in omics technologies for healthy ageing and the policies and practices needed to facilitate their responsible development and integration in medical research, innovation and health policy.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 13
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Policy interest in demand-side initiatives has grown in recent years. This may reflect an expectation that demand-side policy could be particularly effective in steering innovation to meet societal needs. In addition, owing to constrained public finances in most OECD countries, the possibility that demand-side policies might be less expensive than direct support measures is attractive. Interest may also reflect some degree of disappointment with the outcomes of traditional supply-side measures. This paper reviews demand-side innovation policies, their rationales and importance across countries, different approaches to their design, the challenges entailed in their implementation and evaluation, and good practices. Three main forms of demand-side policy are considered: innovation-oriented public procurement, innovation-oriented regulations, and standards. Emphasis is placed on innovation-oriented public procurement.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Employment
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Edition: Online-Ressource Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
    Edition: Online-Ausg.:
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.69
    Note: Online-Ausg.: , Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Edition: Online-Ressource Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
    Edition: Online-Ausg.:
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.66
    Note: Online-Ausg.: , Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.163
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, the gap between rich and poor is at its highest level since 30 years. Today, the richest 10 per cent of the population in the OECD area earn 9.5 times the income of the poorest 10 per cent; in the 1980s this ratio stood at 7:1 and has been rising continuously ever since. However, the rise in overall income inequality is not (only) about surging top income shares: often, incomes at the bottom grew much slower during the prosperous years and fell during downturns, putting relative (and in some countries, absolute) income poverty on the radar of policy concerns. This paper explores whether such developments may have an impact on economic performance. Drawing on harmonised data covering the OECD countries over the past 30 years, the econometric analysis suggests that income inequality has a negative and statistically significant impact on subsequent growth. In particular, what matters most is the gap between low income households and the rest of the population. In contrast, no evidence is found that those with high incomes pulling away from the rest of the population harms growth. The paper also evaluates the “human capital accumulation theory” finding evidence for human capital as a channel through which inequality may affect growth. Analysis based on micro data from the Adult Skills Survey (PIAAC) shows that increased income disparities depress skills development among individuals with poorer parental education background, both in terms of the quantity of education attained (e.g. years of schooling), and in terms of its quality (i.e. skill proficiency). Educational outcomes of individuals from richer backgrounds, however, are not affected by inequality. It follows that policies to reduce income inequalities should not only be pursued to improve social outcomes but also to sustain long-term growth. Redistribution policies via taxes and transfers are a key tool to ensure the benefits of growth are more broadly distributed and the results suggest they need not be expected to undermine growth. But it is also important to promote equality of opportunity in access to and quality of education. This implies a focus on families with children and youths – as this is when decisions about human capital accumulation are made -- promoting employment for disadvantaged groups through active labour market policies, childcare supports and in-work benefits.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.26
    Keywords: Politische Kommunikation ; Social Web ; Welt ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper takes a comparative snapshot of social media use in and by OECD governments. The focus is on government institutions, as opposed to personalities, and how they manage to capture the opportunities of new social media platforms to deliver better public services and to create more open policy processes. The analysis is based on a large amount of empirical data, including a survey of OECD governments on policies and objectives in this area. Major challenges are discussed, notably those related to the uncertainty of institutions on how to best leverage social media beyond “corporate” communications. The paper proposes tools to guide decision makers: a checklist of issues to be considered by government institutions, a set of potential indicators to appraise impacts, and a range of options for more in-depth policy analysis.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.71
    Keywords: Lebensmittel ; Lieferkette ; Abfallvermeidung ; Kommunale Abfallwirtschaft ; Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Reducing food losses and food waste is attracting growing public attention at the international, regional, and national levels, and is widely acknowledged to contribute to abating interlinked sustainability challenges such as food security, climate change, and water shortage. However, the pattern and scale of food waste throughout the supply chain remains poorly understood, despite growing media coverage and public concerns in recent years. This paper takes stock of available data on food waste and explores policies related to food waste in OECD countries.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.70
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Agrarproduktion ; Anpassung ; Bewässerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates how climate change can affect agricultural production and proposes some adaptation measures that could be undertaken to mitigate the negative effects of climate change while enhancing the positive ones. The paper stresses the importance of planned adaptation measures and highlights possible strategies for reducing risk and improving resilience. To quantify the possible effects of climate change and the effects of adaptation measures this study uses the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT). The analysis first explores the potential effects of climate change on yields and prices. It then goes on to analyse the potential impacts of two distinctive sets of adaptation strategies on yields, prices, and food security, namely: i) research and development (to develop new crop varieties that are better suited to changed climate conditions) and ii) changes in irrigation technology. Last, the analysis in this paper estimates the public and private investment needs in research and development (R&D) for developing new crop varieties, and further develops estimates of the cost of improving irrigation technologies in OECD countries.
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2014, 01
    Series Statement: Cities and regions
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Multifactor productivity (MFP) is increasingly used in economic policy, not least to compute potential output. Most measures are based on a standard production function combining labour and capital, but do not incorporate the negative by-products of the production process such as air pollution that could have deleterious effect on health and productivity in the medium to long term (see for instance OECD (2014)). The failure to account for the costs of environmental damages and the benefits associated with emission reduction impart a bias to standard measures of MFP. Ignoring these dimensions can give a misleading idea of growth prospects over the medium to long term...
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2014, 02
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Now that pollution is reaching worrisome levels in some countries and at the global level, there is a growing consensus that it needs to be explicitly considered as a by-product of the production process and incorporated in economic decisions. But this is not easy in the absence of markets and observable prices. Shadow prices of pollution, the opportunity cost of abating pollution in the form of reduced output, have to be estimated using specific techniques and serve several purposes. It’s a signal firms have to take into consideration when they decide upon their investment decisions. Shadow prices can also inform policymakers when they set policies. They can be used to assess policy ex ante by comparing the marginal benefits of environment policies with the cost they involve for private firms. These prices can be seen as benchmark for allowance price in emission market-based schemes or can be useful in designing optimal environmental tax schemes. The indicator can also be used ex post and can be considered as a policy indicator of pollution regulation and compliance to these regulations. More generally such prices are used each time there is a need to value pollution...
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Edition: Online-Ressource Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
    Edition: Online-Ausg.:
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.68
    Note: Online-Ausg.: , Online-Ausg; [Online-Ausg.]
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264200630
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Energieeinsparung ; Energieforschung ; Welt ; Energy
    Abstract: Energy Policy Highlights showcases what the 28 IEA member countries identified as key recent developments in their energy policies. Each country contribution covers a range of energy-related topics, with best practices and policy examples from their respective governments, including objectives, characteristics, challenges and successes, and shared lessons. Each contribution underscores the changing nature of both global and domestic energy challenges, as well as the commonality of energy concerns among member countries. For example, many of the policies highlighted identify an urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a clear objective. Electricity, enhancing energy efficiency and increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix in a cost effective manner are likewise areas of common focus. Overall, the energy concerns reflect key areas of focus for the IEA – energy security, environmental protection and economic development. On the end-user side, increasing public awareness of domestic energy policies through improved transparency and engagement is an important facet of policy support among IEA member countries. The successful implementation of policies and other initiatives benefitted from efforts to inform the public. The IEA hopes that Energy Policy Highlights will provide a useful point of reference and dialogue for the 2013 IEA Ministerial, and will help advance the Agency’s well-established practice of co-operation and worldwide engagement through the sharing of experiences, best practices and lessons learned, among IEA member countries and partner countries alike.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2014/12
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Stadtentwicklung ; Städtische Flächennutzung ; Wasserversorgung ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Energieversorgung ; Abfallwirtschaft ; Vergleich ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Asien ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The development of Asian cities is characterised by rapid and continuous urbanisation on an unprecedented scale, with rapid economic growth led in most places by the manufacturing industry, and rapidly increasing motorisation. The result has been escalating greenhouse gas emissions, sprawling urban development and local environmental impacts, as well as disparities in income, education levels and job opportunities in the urban population. These trends differ sharply from those in most of the OECD area and call for a green growth model that differs from those identified in previous OECD studies and that addresses the specific circumstances of Asian cities. This paper proposes an analytical framework for assessing policies for green growth in rapidly growing cities in the emerging world. It builds on Cities and Green Growth: A Conceptual Framework (Hammer et al., 2011) and is adapted to the urban policy context of dynamic Asia. Its three main elements are: i) identification of the key policy strategies for urban green growth in fast-growing Asian cities, highlighting similarities to and differences from OECD cities; ii) opportunities for green growth; and iii) enabling strategies for implementing urban green growth.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Papers no.2014/03
    Keywords: Environment ; Zambia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Embracing green growth can secure strong, stable and sustainable development. Green growth recognises and integrates the value of natural capital into economic decision-making and development planning, which is critical to avoid natural capital depletion, the worst of climate change and social and national security risks (OECD, 2013). This is particularly true for developing countries, because of their dependence on natural assets and acute exposure and vulnerability to environmental risks, ranging from air, water and soil pollution, as well as natural resource scarcity and extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change. A green growth policy framework recognises and aims to address both micro- and macro-level pressures that countries face to grow their economies, while also managing environmental risks. In poorer developing countries, micro-level pressures may include lack of access to basic services such as shelter, fuel, water; while macro-level pressures are threats to stable livelihoods due to...
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Working Papers no.2014/10
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Stadtwachstum ; Stadtgröße ; Regionales Wachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand how income inequality is associated with economic growth in OECD regions and whether the degree and type of urban concentration affects this relationship. Both income inequality and urban concentration can be seen as patterns of resource allocation that are particularly interlinked at the regional level. We combine household survey data and macroeconomic databases, covering a period ranging from 2004 to 2012 for comparable regions in 15 OECD countries. Econometric results show that, at least for the short period under consideration, there is a general negative association between inequalities and economic growth, especially since the start of the economic crisis. This relationship is sensitive to the type of urban structure. Higher inequalities seem to be more detrimental for growth in large cities, while regions characterised by small cities and rural areas are less affected.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 7-36 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:7-36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 7-36
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:7-36
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How higher education institutions are managed is one of the most decisive factors in achieving institutional goals. The key role that university governance plays in the improvement of education quality has been the focus of attention in MENA economies since 2009. In this article, the authors present the findings of a screening tool developed as a benchmarking exercise that assesses the extent to which universities in the MENA region are following governance practices aligned with their institutional goals and international trends, and monitors their progress over time. They present the results of testing the methodology of the screening tool in a sample of universities in Egypt, Morocco, the PalestinianAuthority and Tunisia comparing them across five dimensions: 1) context, mission and goals; 2) management orientation; 3) autonomy; 4) accountability; and 5) participation. The findings highlight vivid differences, especially notable in between private and public institutions.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 107-125 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:107-125
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 107-125
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:107-125
    Keywords: Education ; Turkey
    Abstract: This study explores the extent to which European lecturers experience barriers to participation in the Erasmus programme in relation to Turkey. The evidence indicates that, although the number of Turkish lecturers who participate in the programme has constantly been increasing, mobility from the European Union (EU) to Turkey is low. A question arises as to what measures should be taken to reduce obstacles to the academic mobility and to improve attractiveness to the Turkish higher education institutions (HEIs) to European academics. In order to understand how mobility might be increased, the study investigates key drivers and barriers that might hinder mobility and draws conclusions about ways to improve participation.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 109-122 | volume:14 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:109-122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 109-122
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:14
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:109-122
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Austerity has become a widely used term in economic research and popular media as many countries have recently implemented deficit reduction policies. This article begins by exploring definitions of austerity used in research and the ways these different definitions impact analysis of policy effects. The article then takes into account a number of factors that can affect the outcome of these so-called austerity measures, including economic conditions, time period, and parties impacted by the policies. Without a clear definition of austerity and the contexts under which it is implemented, a conclusive analysis of austerity’s effects cannot be conducted. This article concludes that the term “austerity” will remain a confusing term that can breed misunderstanding, social uprisings, political unrest, and ill-prescribed solutions to economic problems. JEL classification: H10, H12, H41, H60 Keywords: Austerity, spending cuts, deficits, tax increases, recession
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9781781002896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 375 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: New horizons in regional science
    Series Statement: Elgaronline
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Series Statement: New horizons in regional science series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional development and proximity relations
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geographische Entfernung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionalplanung ; Regionalökonomik ; Räumliche Interaktion ; Innovation ; Informationstechnik ; Wissenstransfer ; Unternehmensnetzwerk ; Regional economics ; Regional planning ; Space in economics ; Electronic books ; Regional planning ; Space in economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Nachbarschaftsraum
    Abstract: 'Proximity is a concept increasingly used in the international literature on clusters, knowledge transfers and innovation, as well as in the policies that support these processes. In Regional Development and Proximity Relations, André Torre and Frédéric Wallet have collected contributions from some of the world's leading regional scientists to highlight these topics. They have done a good job.' (Hans Westlund, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden). -- 'Over the past decades, proximity has become a leading paradigm in economic geography and beyond. This landmark book marks the latest developments in proximity research, bringing together the leading scholars in the field.' (Koen Frenken, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands). -- The notion of proximity is increasing in popularity in economic and geographic literature, and is now commonly used by scholars in regional science and spatial economics. Few academic works, however, have explored the link between regional development and proximity relations. This comprehensive book redresses the balance with its assessment of the role of, and obstacles caused by, proximity relations in regional development processes. The expert contributors illustrate that the value of integrating proximity into the regional development analysis framework is due its plasticity and ability to draw connections between spatial, economic and social dimensions. Possible changes for regional and territorial policies are also an outcome of this integration. These areas are addressed via four main paradigms: Proximity and regional development, Spatial innovation processes, Networks and proximity relations, Place-based strategies and proximity relations. Students, academics, researchers and regional development practitioners with an interest in regional proximity will find this highly original book to be an illuminating read.
    Description / Table of Contents: Pt. I. Proximity and regional development : main debates and conceptual perspectives -- pt. II. The role of proximity in spatial innovation processes -- pt. III. Networks and proximity relations -- pt. IV. Place-based strategies and proximity relations -- pt. V. Conclusions
    Note: Includes index. - Mode of access: World Wide Web
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  • 45
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 37-55 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:37-55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 37-55
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:37-55
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Globalisation of higher education is critical to achieving many of higher education’s highest goals. This paper analyses the results of a survey of over 5000 Indian private high-school students (Skinkle and Embleton, 2011) revealing that 21% are seriously considering international education (IE). Those considering IE often stated their motivations as including improving leadership skills, meeting new people and giving back to society. There is however little research concerning the goals (and practices) of higher education institutions in relation to the aspirations of IE students. A primary motivation for many institutions is financial. The authors integrate the results of the survey with an empirical study of 65 Canadian professorial and administrative leaders at both colleges and universities, from 54 diverse institutions across Canada, to provide critical analyses of perceived benefits, threats and desired outcomes of IE in higher education. Strategic imperatives for IE management are presented.
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 127-144 | volume:24 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:127-144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 127-144
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:24
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:127-144
    Keywords: Education ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: This paper examines the history of the management of the higher education sector in Tanzania. It reveals that government policies and management styles throughout the period from 1961 to the early 2000s created a culture of resistance within the higher education institutions, leading to struggles and many attempts to change the management of the sector. The authors analyse the effects of management practices in higher education and propose a model of institutional change that yields positive outcomes based on institutional needs and those of the academic faculty members.
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  • 47
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-26 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:1-26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-26
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-26
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This report investigates the predictability of cyclical turning points in Russia. For years, anyone interested in Russia had access to a full set of common tools for business cycle analysis, such as several composite leading indicators, a purchasing managers’ index, enterprise and consumer sentiment indexes, and so on. However, the 2008-09 world financial crisis spread throughout Russia quite unexpectedly for most politicians, businessmen and experts alike. Is it possible that none of existing indexes were able to say anything about the approaching decline? Using a simple “rule of thumb” proposed in this report one may easily see that that in reality this was not the case. So then why did a more or less definite forecast provided by some indexes have no consequences for common economic sentiments in Russia? This report gives some answers to this question. Keywords: recession; growth cycles; cyclical indicators; leading indicators; turning points; Russia JEL classification: E32
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  • 48
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 99-121 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:99-121
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 99-121
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:99-121
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Since the 1980s OECD investment-saving correlations – as an inverse measure of economic openness – indicate a very wide disparity of openness between the OECD and emerging market economies (EMEs) with an absence of open markets in the latter. Given the increasing weight of EMEs in the world economy this pattern of growth with disparity of openness is ultimately unsustainable. This approach to development is not in the interests of EMEs in the post-crisis global environment. Various studies show how the absence of capital mobility inhibits development though private sector capital expenditure at the firm level. This paper generalises those findings in a panel study, showing that in the period since 2008 the increased presence of capital controls is associated with highly significant negative effects on business investment. It suggests that the world economy could be entering a more dangerous phase of potential instability that is not in the interests of either the advanced or the emerging world. There is scope for better policies to encourage more openness; the OECD Codes of Liberalisation could be an effective tool for managing the reform process.
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  • 49
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-21 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:1-21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-21
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-21
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper proposes a novel wavelet-based approach for constructing composite indicators. The wavelet-based methodology exploits the ability of wavelet analysis to analyse the relationships between variables on a scale-by-scale, rather than aggregate, basis. A wavelet-based index which combines several scale-based subindexes is constructed by using a scale-by-scale selection of the components included in the OECD composite leading indicator (CLI) for the US. The comparison with the CLI and its derived measures indicate that the wavelet-based composite index tends to provide early signals of business cycle turning points well in advance of the OECD CLI. Moreover we find that the reliability of the signals tends to increase considerably when the sub-index obtained from the time scale components corresponding to minor cycles, that is, 2-4 years, is removed from the overall wavelet-based index. Keywords: wavelets; composite leading indicators; early warning signals JEL classification: C1; C3; C5; E3
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  • 50
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 25-42 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:25-42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 25-42
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:25-42
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear energy plays a major role in the provision of baseload1 power in countries throughout the world. It provides a clean, safe, economical and reliable source of power that is essential to the development of any economy, and particularly the economies of developing countries that have traditionally relied on whatever sources of power are at their disposal, irrespective of the disadvantages that some of these sources may carry. Whilst the worldwide debate on climate change continues, it is clear that nuclear energy has a distinct advantage due to its lack of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions that are inherent in fossil-fired power plants.
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  • 51
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Bulletin de droit nucléaire Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 29-63 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:29-63
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Turkish nuclear legislation: Developments for a nuclear newcomer
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin de droit nucléaire
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 29-63
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:29-63
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Turkey
    Abstract: D’après les estimations de l’OCDE, la croissance économique turque « devrait dépasser 3 % en 2013 puis, parallèlement au renforcement de la reprise mondiale, atteindre 4.5 % en 2014 ». La situation énergétique du pays, et notamment l’état du secteur de l’électricité qui fait appel à plusieurs sources d’énergie mais repose aussi en grande partie sur des importations, a conduit le gouvernement à opter pour le nucléaire.
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 69-91 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:69-91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 69-91
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:69-91
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The main hallmarks of the global financial crisis were too-big-to-fail institutions taking on too much risk with other people’s money while gains were privatised and losses socialised. It is shown that banks need little capital in calm periods, but in a crisis they need too much – there is no reasonable ex-ante capital rule for large systemically important financial institutions that will make them safe. The bank regulators paradox is that large complex and interconnected banks need very little capital in the good times, but they can never have enough in an extreme crisis. Separation is required to deal with this problem, which derives mainly from counterparty risk. The study suggests banks should be considered for separation into a ring-fenced non-operating holding company (NOHC) structure with ring-fencing when they pass a key allowable threshold for the gross market value (GMV) of derivatives, a case which is reinforced if the bank has high wholesale funding and low levels of liquid trading assets. The pricing of derivatives and repos would become more commensurate with the risks if the NOHC proposal were to be pursued as a unifying strategy for the different national approaches. Most of the objections to this structure are summarised and rebutted. Other national proposals for separation in Switzerland, the Volcker rule, the Vickers rule, and the Liikanen proposal are argued to be inferior to the ring-fenced NOHC proposal, on the grounds that empirical evidence about what matters for a safe business model is not taken properly into account. JEL classification: G01, G15, G18, G20, G21, G24, G28 Keywords: Financial crisis, derivatives, bank business models, distance-to-default, structural bank separation, banking reform, GSIFI banks
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  • 53
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 97-111 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:97-111
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 97-111
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:97-111
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Belarus International co-operation Organisation and structure Licensing and regulatory infrastructure Nuclear safety and radiological protection France Nuclear safety and radiological protection Radioactive waste management Environmental protection Liability and compensation International co-operation Hungary General legislation Radioactive waste management Nuclear security Ireland Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including emergency planning) Lithuania Licensing and regulatory infrastructure Moldova Nuclear safety and radiological protection Portugal Radioactive waste management Nuclear safety and radiological protection Slovak Republic Radioactive waste management Liability and compensation Spain Radioactive waste management Ukraine Radioactive waste management United Kingdom Organisation and structure
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  • 54
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Bulletin de droit nucléaire Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 113-133 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:113-133
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe National legislative and regulatory activities
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin de droit nucléaire
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 113-133
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:113-133
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Algérie Sécurité nucléaire Allemagne Gestion des déchets radioactifs Arménie Sûreté nucléaire et radioprotection Brésil Canada Sécurité nucléaire Responsabilité et indemnisation pour dommages nucléaires États-Unis Consultation du public sur la proposition de règle sur la confiance dans les solutions en matière de déchets (Waste Confidence Rule) et le projet d’étude générique d’impact sur l’environnement (Generic Environmental Impact Statement – GEIS) Publication de la règle finale mettant à jour la partie 51 et de la mise à jour de la version finale de l’étude générique d’impact sur l’environnement effectuée dans le cadre d’un renouvellement d’autorisation Rajustement des montants du règlement sur la garantie financière de la loi Price-Anderson en fonction de l’inflation France Gestion des déchets radioactifs Coopération internationale Grèce Gestion du combustible usé et des déchets radioactifs Irlande Transport des matières radioactives Luxembourg Sûreté nucléaire et radioprotection Pologne Sûreté nucléaire et radioprotection Gestion des déchets radioactifs Législation générale Portugal Législation générale République slovaque Cadre juridique général Slovénie Sûreté nucléaire et radioprotection Ukraine Coopération internationale Uruguay Sûreté nucléaire et radioprotection
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  • 55
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 123-138 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:123-138
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 123-138
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:123-138
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The infrastructure financing market has gone through a process of radical transformation starting from the mid-2000s. Different reasons – including a changed macroeconomic environment, more stringent regulations on financial intermediaries, and a modified appetite for long-term asset investments – have led to a reallocation of flows from the banking sector to the institutional investors sector. This article provides an overview of international trends in infrastructure finance. It proposes a map of the different investment channels that private investors can use to access the infrastructure investment on the equity and debt side, highlighting the historical evolution of these segments in the past few years. Recently designed financial structures, such as different forms of partnership between banks and institutional investors, securitisation models and debt/credit fund vehicles, are also taken into consideration. JEL classification: E2, G1, G11, G2, G3, H44, H54, H81 Keywords: infrastructure financing, long-term investment, institutional investors, public-private partnerships, bank institutional investors partnerships, syndicated loans, project bonds, securitisation, debt/credit fund vehicles, financial market regulation
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  • 56
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Bulletin de droit nucléaire Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 175-238 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:175-238
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Documents and legal texts
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin de droit nucléaire
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 175-238
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:175-238
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
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  • 57
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    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 109-127 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:109-127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 109-127
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:109-127
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Despite the increased importance of cyclically-adjusted measures of labour market slack for policymaking, estimates of the NAIRU have become increasingly fragile. Particularly for euro area countries, NAIRU estimates represent a crucial input to compute cyclically-adjusted budget balances adopted to formulate medium-term fiscal objectives under the EU fiscal surveillance framework. However, the apparent reduced sensitivity of inflation to labour market dynamics and unemployment gaps seriously undermines the use of Phillips curve equations in estimating the NAIRU. Estimates of the NAIRU are particularly problematic when changes in unemployment are both very large and rapid as in the aftermath of the global crisis. This paper proposes a refinement to the standard OECD approach of using a Kalman filter to estimate the NAIRU in the context of the Phillips curve. The proposed refinement strengthens the relationship between inflation and labour market developments by considering the risk of hysteresis effects associated with changes in long-term unemployment. Testing the revised methodology on a broad selection of OECD countries gives mixed results. For a group of countries in the euro area periphery (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain) there is an increase in the magnitude and statistical significance of the unemployment gap, with the NAIRU revised upward by on average 1¾ percentage points. However, the revised methodology provides less improvement to the standard OECD methodology for a second set of countries considered, namely the G7 excluding Italy. The United States is an interesting intermediate case as the statistical evidence for the proposed methodology is marginal, but the policy implications of the revised point estimate of the NAIRU are major. JEL classification: C32, E24, E31, E32, J64. Keywords: Long-term unemployment, flattening Phillips curve, NAIRU, euro area periphery, Kalman filter.
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  • 58
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    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 235-268 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:235-268
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 235-268
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:235-268
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare effects of birth-related leave (BRL) in terms of life satisfaction. To do so, we exploit variations in BRL policies to assess their impact on life satisfaction. The paper adds to the existing literature in various ways. First, it uses new data collected by Baldi et al. (2011) and Baldi and Chapple (2010) to describe how life satisfaction moves around the date of the reforms over time and in a number of EU countries covered in the Eurobarometer surveys. Second, the paper analyses the relation between life satisfaction and BRL in Germany and the United Kingdom with long individual panel data collected with the GSOEP and the BHPS survey. The potential endogeneity bias of the treatment effect is addressed by building a quasi-natural experiment using policy changes as the assignment rule. The results from a variety of different methods suggest that BRL polices generally have a significant positive effect on life satisfaction. Women on BRL have higher life satisfaction, controlling for observable and unobservable personal characteristics. This result is robust to alternative specifications. JEL classification: H53, I16, J38 Keywords: Welfare, subjective well-being, difference-in-difference, birth-related leaves
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  • 59
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    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 29-42 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:29-42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 29-42
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:29-42
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The results of an IMF study on controls on capital inflows in emerging economies, using a probit regression approach, are first replicated and tested for stability. The IMF results, downplayed by the authors, have been used by others to suggest controls can be helpful in a crisis situation. However, the stability findings suggest the results are not sufficiently robust to make strong claims in this regard. The same 37 countries and the IMF capital control measures are then used in a panel regression study to examine the impact of capital inflows on annual real GDP growth around the Global Financial Crisis. The results between the pre-crisis and the crisis periods are inconsistent with the IMF study – finding that capital restrictions on inflows (particularly debt liabilities) are most useful in good times when inflows to emerging markets are strong and upward pressure on managed exchange rates and reserves accumulation is greatest. However, lower controls on bonds and on FDI inflows seem to be associated with better growth outcomes during the crisis period studied. These findings are more consistent with studies that see capital controls as part of exchange rate targeting policies and concerns about excess reserves accumulation. JEL Classification: C23, C25, F21, F43, G01 Keywords: Capital controls, economic growth, emerging economies, financial crisis
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 61-96 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:61-96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 61-96
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:61-96
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper proposes a new set of public health and long-term care expenditure projections until 2060, following up on the previous set of projections published in 2006. It disentangles health from long-term care expenditure as well as the demographic from the non-demographic drivers, and refines the previous methodology, in particular by better identifying the underlying determinants of health and long-term care spending and by extending the country coverage to include BRIICS countries. A cost-containment and a cost-pressure scenario are provided together with sensitivity analysis. On average across OECD countries, total health and long-term care expenditure is projected to increase by 3.3 and 7.7 percentage points of GDP between 2010 and 2060 in the cost-containment and the cost-pressure scenarios, respectively. For the BRIICS over the same period, it is projected to increase by 2.8 and 7.3 percentage points of GDP in the costcontainment and the cost-pressure scenarios, respectively.
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  • 61
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 13, no. 3, p. 1-29 | volume:13 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:1-29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 3, p. 1-29
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-29
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The strength of the United Kingdom’s central finance agency (H.M. Treasury) has been attributed to its broad and powerful influence on policy issues; the high intellectual standards of its staff; the relatively clear division between the “official” treasury and the political level; and the important role played by the permanent secretary as an anchor and point of communication between officials and ministers. To maintain its power the Treasury has to adapt quickly to changing economic and political circumstances, most recently the global financial crisis. It has also engaged in two major reorganisations over the past 20 years, which have resulted in a substantial streamlining of the organisation, a flattening of the management structure, and a casting out of functions regarded as peripheral to its core finance and economic mandate. Some critics, however, have argued that the performance of the Treasury has failed, and that the department needs to be cut back to its traditional role as a budget and finance ministry. JEL classification: H50, H54, H80, H83. Keywords: Treasury, finance ministry, central finance agency, public finance, organisation, change management.
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  • 62
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 55-88 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:55-88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le droit nucléaire et le droit de l'environnement dans les procédures d'autorisation des installations nucléaires
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 55-88
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:55-88
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Large nuclear installations can have a considerable impact on the environment, both in actual terms, due to the construction and operation of the plant and in potential terms, related to the risk of an accident. A considerable part of the multiple authorisation processes required to develop a large nuclear project is devoted to addressing the possible impact on the environment.
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  • 63
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 123-125 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:123-125
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 123-125
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:123-125
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The European Commission organised on 29 October 2013 a meeting in Luxembourg with participation of EU neighbouring countries that had not been fully involved in the European stress tests (Armenia, Belarus and Turkey), as well as from the European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group. The Russian Federation was also invited but declined participation. The meeting provided a good opportunity to present and discuss the status of the stress tests already performed or planned in these countries with existing nuclear power plants such as Armenia or for those like Belarus and Turkey that are planning new nuclear projects.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 3, p. 1-19
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-19
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: In this article, past forecast errors are used to construct confidence intervals around Australian Government Budget forecasts of key economic and fiscal variables. These confidence intervals provide an indication of the extent of uncertainty around the point estimate forecasts presented in the Budget. JEL classification numbers: E17, H68. Keywords: Confidence intervals, forecast errors, government budget, nominal GDP, real GDP, treasury, uncertainty.
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  • 65
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 123-189 | volume:13 | year:2014 | number:2 | pages:123-189
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 123-189
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:123-189
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Albania
    Abstract: The Republic of Albania is located in south-eastern Europe and has a population of 2.8 million (2011 census). It was established as a unitary parliamentary republic in 1991 after 46 years of Communist rule. This review of the budget process of the Republic of Albania was carried out as part of the work programme of the OECD Working Party of Senior Budget Officials. In preparation for the review, a team for the OECD Secretariat led by Knut Klepsvik undertook a mission to Tirana from 29 October to 2 November 2012. The substance of this review is divided into 4 sections which details the budgeting process in Albania and includes an Annex summarising recent budget reviews that have taken place in the country. JEL classification: H50, H61, H83, O21, O52 Keywords: Annual budget, budgetary process, budget structure, fiscal policy, fiscal rules, parliamentary budget, procurement.
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  • 66
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    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 179-207 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:179-207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 179-207
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:179-207
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article assesses various underlying driving factors for the evolution of household earnings inequality for 23 OECD countries from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s. There are a number of factors at play. Some are related to labour market trends – increasing dispersion of individual wages and changes in men’s and women’s employment rates. Others relate to shifts in household structures and family formation – more single-headed households and increased earnings correlation among partners in couples. The contribution of each of these factors is estimated using a semi parametric decomposition technique. The results reveal that marital sorting and household structure changes contributed, albeit moderately, to increasing household earnings inequality, while rising women’s employment exerted a sizable equalising effect. However, changes in labour market factors, in particular increases in men’s earnings disparities, were identified as the main driver of household earnings inequality, contributing between one-third and one-half to the overall increase in most countries. Sensitivity analysis applying a reversedorder decomposition suggests that these results are robust.
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  • 67
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    In:  OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-24 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:1-24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-24
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-24
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper establishes a reference chronology for the Greek business cycle from early 1970 to late 2012, against the backdrop of the late 2000s global recession and the most recent domestic economic developments, which once again stress the significance of dating business cycle turning points. The derivation of the exact dates of switches between expansions and recessions allows the identification of the point in time at which the Greek economy entered the recent recessionary business cycle regime in the late 2000s and the verification of the assertion that, up to the end of 2012, it had not yet exited the recession. We rely on both non-parametric and parametric procedures in order to check the coherence among the obtained turning points and evaluate the establishment of a reference chronology. We use quarterly GDP data and selected monthly indicators covering important sectors and activities in the Greek economy. On the basis of the obtained exact turning point dates and the indications provided by several business cycle and phases characteristics, we are able to propose a reference chronology for Greece and outline stylised facts of the Greek business cycle for a time period of over 40 years. Our findings clearly suggest that the Greek economy entered a recessionary business cycle regime in 2008 which was continued throughout 2012.
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  • 68
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 9-23 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:9-23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 9-23
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-23
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: During its April 2014 meeting, the Steering Committee for Nuclear Energy held a policy debate on “Progress towards a Global Nuclear Liability Regime”. The Steering Committee heard presentations from several experts on nuclear liability issues. To prepare the delegates to the Steering Committee for the policy debate, the NEA Secretariat prepared a background note on the status of the nuclear liability regimes, as well as on current issues and challenges in implementing the regimes. This article is based on the background note and is intended to provide basic information on the relevant international conventions and an overview of recent developments to enhance the understanding of the legal framework in which policymakers and practitioners are engaging to respond to the call for broader adherence to the international liability instruments.
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  • 69
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    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 97-108 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:97-108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 97-108
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:97-108
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: A small simulation model is used to evaluate the contribution that the three arrows of the government’s strategy – bold monetary policy to achieve higher inflation, flexible fiscal policy and growth-boosting structural reforms – could make to reversing the rise in Japan’s public debt ratio, currently about 230% of GDP. The findings indicate that with fiscal consolidation amounting to around 7½ percentage points of GDP by 2020, modestly higher growth coming from increased female labour force participation and higher productivity growth, as well as inflation gradually rising to 2% thanks to unconventional monetary policy measures, the debt ratio could be put on a downward trajectory by the end of this decade, although it is likely to remain above 200% of GDP in 2035. Among the many uncertainties surrounding this scenario, the risk of a larger-than-projected increase in interest rates stands prominently and could prevent the turnaround in debt dynamics. JEL classification codes: E63; H68. Keywords: Japan; debt; deficit; fiscal; budget; projection; simulation; arrow; consolidation; growth; inflation; reform.
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  • 70
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 97-115 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:97-115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Travaux législatifs et réglementaires nationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 97-115
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:97-115
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Algeria Nuclear security Armenia Nuclear safety and radiological protection Brazil Canada Nuclear security Liability and compensation France Radioactive waste management International co-operation Germany Radioactive waste management Greece Management of spent fuel and radioactive waste Ireland Transport of radioactive material Luxembourg Nuclear safety and radiological protection Poland Nuclear safety and radiological protection Radioactive waste management General legislation Portugal General legislation Slovak Republic General legislation Slovenia Nuclear safety and radiological protection Ukraine International co-operation United States Issuance of Proposed Waste Confidence Rule and Draft Generic Environmental Impact Statement for public comment Issuance of Final Rule Updating Part 51 and Final License Renewal Generic Environmental Impact Statement Update Inflation adjustment to the Price-Anderson Act Financial Protection Regulations Uruguay Nuclear safety and radiological protection
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  • 71
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 129-151 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:129-151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Accords multilatéraux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 129-151
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:129-151
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
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  • 72
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    In:  Bulletin de droit nucléaire Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 239-242 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:239-242
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe News briefs
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin de droit nucléaire
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 239-242
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:239-242
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
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  • 73
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    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 7-37 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:7-37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 7-37
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:7-37
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The value of implicit guarantees has declined from its peak at the height of the financial crisis, which is consistent with progress made regarding the bank regulatory reform agenda, as one would expect that many of the reform measures imply a more limited value of implicit guarantees for bank debt. Implicit guarantees persist however and their value continues to be significant, estimated here to be equivalent to EUR 50 billion of annual funding costs savings for a sample of more than 100 large European banks. This estimated funding cost advantage is a conservative estimate as it only focuses on one type of debt that can be measured in “real-time”, that is as data on credit ratings, debt issuance and prices of debt become available. In any case, bank debt continues to be considered “special” by market participants and this observation implies that the substantial economic distortions, including distortions to risk-taking incentives and competition, arising from this situation also persist.
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  • 74
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 153-210 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:153-210
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Documents et textes juridiques
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 153-210
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:153-210
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Russian Federation Federal Law No.170 of 21 November 1995 on the use of atomic energy Uruguay Law no.19.056 On the Radiological Protection and Safety of Persons, Property and the Environment Japan Third Supplement to Interim Guidelines on Determination of the Scope of Nuclear Damage resulting from the Accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi and Daini Nuclear Power Plants (concerning Damages related to Rumour-Related Damage in the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery and Food Industries) France and the United States Joint Statement on Liability for Nuclear Damage Franco-Russian Nuclear Power Declaration
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  • 75
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 43-61 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:43-61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 43-61
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:43-61
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: For over 60 years, fusion energy has been recognised as a promising technology for safe, secure and environmentally-sustainable commercial electrical power generation. Over the past decade, research and development programmes across the globe have shown progress in developing critical underlying technologies. Approaches ranging from high-temperature plasma magnetic confinement fusion to inertial confinement fusion are increasingly better understood.
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  • 76
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    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 165-177 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:165-177
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 165-177
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:165-177
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article seeks to study how intra-OECD trade in manufacturing goods has affected technological heterogeneity across member states during 1988-2008. To this aim, we derive a panel data version of the Eaton and Kortum (2002) normalised trade model to estimate, annually, the technological heterogeneity of OECD countries. We find a gradual technological convergence across the group as the sensitivity of intra-group trade to price factors increases over time. However, the results diverge when considering European and non-European OECD sub-samples, separately. We find that technological convergence is not an automatic result of intra-group trade but, for that, a more general programme of economic liberalisation, including free movement of capital and labour, is also required.
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  • 77
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 81-122 | volume:13 | year:2014 | number:2 | pages:81-122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 81-122
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:81-122
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This article focuses on the optimal design of spending review processes. It contents that sending review should be an integral part of the government budget preparation process, in order to support aggregate fiscal discipline and to increase the fiscal space available for essential new spending initiatives. The article discusses the appropriate focus and coverage of spending review, the assignment of roles and responsibilities during the process, and the information base of spending review. JEL classification: H500, H610. Keywords: Baseline expenditure, fiscal space, savings options, efficiency reviews, strategic reviews, bottom-up review, joint review, top-down review, comprehensive review, selective review.
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  • 78
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    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 121-163 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:121-163
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 121-163
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:121-163
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses panel regression techniques to assess the policy determinants of private-sector innovative activity – proxied by R&D expenditure and the number of new patents – across 19 OECD countries. The relationship between innovation indicators and multifactor productivity (MFP) growth is also examined with a particular focus on the role of public policies in influencing the returns to new knowledge. The results establish an empirical link between R&D and patenting, as well as between these measures of innovation intensity and MFP growth. Innovation-specific policies such as R&D tax incentives, direct government support and patent rights are found to be successful in encouraging the innovative activities associated with higher productivity growth. However, direct empirical evidence of the positive effects of these policies on productivity is less forthcoming. A pervasive theme from the analysis is the importance of coupling policies aimed at encouraging innovation or technological adoption with well-designed framework policies that allow knowledge spillovers to proliferate. In particular, the settings of framework policies relating to product market regulation, openness to trade and debtor protection in bankruptcy provisions are found to be important for the diffusion of new technologies. JEL classification: L20, O30, O40 Keywords: Intangible assets, innovation, productivity growth, public policy
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  • 79
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 211-214 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:211-214
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Nouvelles Brèves
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 211-214
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:211-214
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
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  • 80
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    In:  OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 51-71 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:51-71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 51-71
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:51-71
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: We develop monthly indicators for tracking short-run trends in real GDP growth in 32 advanced and emerging-market economies. We test the historical performance of our indicators and find that they do a good job at describing the business cycle. In a recursive out-of-sample forecasting exercise, we find that the indicators generally produce good real GDP growth forecasts relative to a range of time series models.
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  • 81
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    In:  Bulletin de droit nucléaire Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 149-174 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:149-174
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multilateral agreements
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin de droit nucléaire
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 149-174
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:149-174
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Fédération de Russie Loi Fédérale n° 170 du 21 novembre 1995 sur l’utilisation de l’énergie atomique Uruguay Loi n° 19 056 relative à la protection et à la sécurité radiologique des personnes, des biens et de l’environnement Japon Troisième supplément aux lignes directrices provisoires concernant l’évaluation de l’ampleur des dommages nucléaires résultant de l’accident survenu dans les centrales nucléaires de Fukushima Daiichi et Daini de Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated (se rapportant à l’indemnisation des dommages induits par les rumeurs infondées dans les secteurs de l'agriculture, de la sylviculture, de la pêche et de l’agroalimentaire) France et États-Unis Déclaration conjointe sur la responsabilité civile en matière de dommages nucléaires Déclaration franco-russe dans le secteur électronucléaire
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  • 82
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 35-45 | volume:14 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:35-45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 35-45
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:14
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:35-45
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: commission has reviewed all the guarantees, loans and financial interventions provided by the Dutch government. This review shows that policy makers often perceive these measures as a “free lunch”, do-not-ask (sufficiently high) premiums and do-not-build reserves to cover potential damages. The commission concluded that the Dutch government needs to reduce these measures where possible (e.g. by including sunset clauses), implement policies that reduce implicit risks, increase transparency, and consider asking for an external opinion regarding premiums in case of large and complex risks. Also internationally, an increased focus on budget systems that ensure transparency and provide the right incentives is necessary, as in recent years contingent liabilities increased while government finances deteriorated, making countries less resilient to these risks. Countries seem to use very different definitions and reporting methods with regard to contingent liabilities, making an international comparison and monitoring very difficult.
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  • 83
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 9-47 | volume:13 | year:2014 | number:2 | pages:9-47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 9-47
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-47
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: In the course of the prolonged economic crisis that started in 2008, fiscal space has become a scarce commodity in OECD countries. This has not only broadened the appeal of a concept originally raised by emerging countries in the early 2000s, but has also extended its meaning to recognise its intertemporal nature and to highlight its endogenous features. Current projections indicate that fiscal consolidation needs and the effect of demographic change on social security may shrink non-pension fiscal space in OECD countries by some 18% between 2011 and 2030, exceeding current consolidation plans in many countries. The response to these needs should take place increasingly through budgets rather than ad hoc consolidation packages. To this end, the quest for fiscal space needs to be mainstreamed into budgeting by developing appropriate tools and procedures; the effort needs to extend beyond the annual budget process both in timeframe and scope; and many actors need to contribute to this effort in addition to ministries of finance and budget offices. In other words, generating fiscal space at the required scale needs not only a substantial revamping of budget practices, but also revisiting the temporal and institutional framework within which budgeting takes place. JEL classification: H50, H61, H83 Keywords: Budget practices, budget framework, economic crisis, fiscal space, fiscal consolidation, incrementalist, performance, recession
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  • 84
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 29-54 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:29-54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La législation nucléaire turque : les évolutions d'un nouvel entrant sur la scène nucléaire
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 29-54
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:29-54
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Turkey
    Abstract: Turkey’s current and future economic growth is estimated by OECD “to rise to above 3% in 2013 and, as the global recovery gathers strength, to pick up to 4.5% in 2014”. The energy situation, particularly, in the electricity sector with supply from different energy sources and a high rate of importation has led to recognition by the Turkish government of a need for nuclear energy.
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  • 85
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 9-27 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:9-27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Extraction et production d'uranium : le point de vue d'une juriste sur la réglementation d'une ressource importante
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 9-27
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-27
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The importance of uranium can be examined from several perspectives. First, natural uranium is a strategic energy resource because it is a key ingredient for the generation of nuclear power and, therefore, it can affect the energy security of a state. Second, natural uranium is also a raw material in relative abundance throughout the world, which can, through certain steps, be transformed into nuclear explosive devices. Thus, there is both an interest in the trade of uranium resources and a need for their regulatory control. The importance of uranium to the worldwide civilian nuclear industry means that its extraction and processing – the so-called “front end” of the nuclear fuel cycle – is of regulatory interest. Like “ordinary” metal mining, which is generally regulated within a country, uranium mining must also be considered from the more particular perspective of regulation and control, as part of the international nuclear law regime that is applied to the entire nuclear fuel cycle.
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  • 86
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    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 209-234 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:209-234
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 209-234
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:209-234
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Emissions trading systems (ETS) can play a major role in a cost-effective climate policy framework. Both direct linking of ETSs and indirect linking through a common crediting mechanism can reduce costs of action.We use a global recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model to assess the effects of direct and indirect linking of ETS systems across world regions. Linking of domestic Annex I ETSs leads to moderate aggregate cost savings, as differences in domestic permit prices are limited. Countries benefit directly from linking by either buying permits and avoiding investing in highcost mitigation options, or by exploiting relatively cheap mitigation options and selling permits at a higher price. Although the economy of the main permit sellers, such as Russia, is negatively affected by the real exchange rate appreciation that is induced by the large export of permits, on balance they also still benefit from linking. The costsaving potential for developed countries of well-functioning crediting mechanisms appears to be very large. Even limited use of credits would nearly halve mitigation costs; cost savings would be largest for carbon-intensive economies. However, one open issue iswhether these gains can be fully reaped in reality, given that direct linking and the use of crediting mechanisms both raise complex system design and implementation issues. The analysis in this paper shows, however, that the potential gains to be reaped are so large, that substantial efforts in this domain are warranted. JEL classification: H23, O41, Q54 Keywords: Climate mitigation policy, emissions trading systems, general equilibrium models, linking carbon markets
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  • 87
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 117-128 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:117-128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Activités des organisations intergouvernementales
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 117-128
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:117-128
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
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  • 88
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 49-79 | volume:13 | year:2014 | number:2 | pages:49-79
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 49-79
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:49-79
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Performance budgeting (PB) emerged more than 60 years ago as a key driver of budgetary innovation in the United States. Due to its often lofty goals, PB initiatives were rarely successful, but have instead reappeared, in different forms and with new labels. This article focuses on contemporary PB transformations, explains their rationale and objectives, and assesses their prospects in eight sections. Due to the fact that PB defies standardisation and countries differ in their approaches, the versions discussed here do not fit all venues, nor would all observers agree that they are sufficiently distinguishable from one another to warrant distinctive labels. PB, however, has some basic features that cut across all its mutations, though the way they are framed or applied may differ among the various approaches. JEL classification: H60, H61, H68 Keywords: Budget allocation, budget framework, expenditures, implementation, line items, performance budgeting
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  • 89
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 9-33 | volume:14 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:9-33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 9-33
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:14
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-33
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Japan experienced a major change of government in September 2009. It was a remarkable political event, because Japanese politics was dominated by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in almost all the years following the end of World War ll. The new coalition government led by the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) tried to overhaul and restructure public administration and policy making in order to strengthen political leadership. In particular, they wanted to reform budgetary institutions as they fully recognised the LDP governments’ wasted public money that brought about huge fiscal deficits. They introduced new medium-term fiscal targets and planning, programme reviews, and tax expenditure report, and legislated laws to increase the rate of consumption tax from 5% to 10%. However their reforms were not successful as expected and ended in larger fiscal deficits. This paper analyses the economic and fiscal management of the DPJ Administration and why they couldn’t succeed in reforming budgetary institutions.
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  • 90
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    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 39-67 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:39-67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 39-67
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:39-67
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Implicit guarantees of bank debt create economic costs and distortions, which is why policy makers have clearly announced their intention to rein in the value of implicit guarantees. This report identifies key findings from the responses from 35 countries to a survey on implicit guarantees. The survey shows that while authorities have not settled on the best way of measuring such guarantees, it is important to produce estimates of the value of these guarantees to facilitate the task of assessing progress in bank regulatory reform and in reducing the value of these guarantees. Whatever method is used, the value of implicit bank debt guarantees is substantial. In absolute terms, the estimated funding cost advantages can amount to about USD 10 billion on an annual basis for banking sectors in some jurisdictions and, in many cases, they are estimated to represent the equivalent of 1% of domestic GDP; in crisis situations, this value could rise to close to 3% of domestic GDP.
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  • 91
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 63-87 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:63-87
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 63-87
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:63-87
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The third annual meeting of the Nuclear Law Association, India (NLAI) was held on 1 March 2014 in New Delhi. This year’s overarching theme was “Nuclear energy and Indian society: Public engagement, risk assessment and legal frameworks”.
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  • 92
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    In:  OECD Journal: Economic Studies Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 269-315 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:1 | pages:269-315
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Economic Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 269-315
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:269-315
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This article explores country-by-country differences in academic performance and attitudes towards school between students who repeated a grade in primary school, in secondary school or never repeated a grade. The analyses use PISA 2009 for 30 countries in which a relatively high proportion of students repeated a grade before the age of 15. The comparisons across countries and the examination of models of both academic and non-academic performance contribute to shed some light on the consequences of repeating a grade for students. The estimated associations suggest that in most countries examined, at the age of 15, students who repeated a grade in secondary school tend to perform better academically than do students who repeated a grade in primary school, but worse than non-repeaters. In terms of the measure of behavioural performance chosen for this analysis, attitudes towards school, in the majority of countries, non-repeaters tend to report more positive attitudes towards schools than primary and secondary-school repeaters, but the comparison between repeaters in primary and secondary schools shows less consistent patterns across countries. These differences are observed after accounting for background characteristics of the students and exploring some differential relationships between grade repetition and education outcomes according to student characteristics. The achievement and behavioural gaps among groups of repeaters may reflect differences in the development of academic and behavioural skills over the school years, as well as differences in the way these groups of students are treated across different educational systems.
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  • 93
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 13, no. 3, p. 1-29 | volume:13 | year:2014 | number:3 | pages:1-29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 13, no. 3, p. 1-29
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-29
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Many governments have enacted health cost-containment policies in recent years, and many are currently considering further reform alternatives to tackle growing health spending and promote efficiency in the health system, particularly in light of projections regarding future cost pressures in this sector. The focus of this study is to assess the most robust empirical evidence on the public spending effects of health policy alternatives to contain excess cost growth in the system. A stylised theoretical framework of the relationships between potential cost-containment measures, economic incentives and quantities, and health expenditure is suggested. The developed framework provides structural guidance for reviewing the evidence on the cost-containment impacts of various reforms implemented in OECD countries in the last decades. The accumulated evidence indicates that there are various alternative policies in a government’s toolkit that can be combined to achieve better cost control in the health system, provided institutional aspects and policy interactions are carefully considered. JEL classification: I10, I18, H51. Keywords: Health financing, cost containment, provider payment, health system reform.
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  • 94
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    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 73-107 | volume:14 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:73-107
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 14, no. 1, p. 73-107
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:14
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:73-107
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The OECD has created a Joint Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems. This article, developed as input to that project, seeks to summarise both why budgeting for healthcare is particularly challenging and why the challenge is often misunderstood. I argue that sustainability is a political, not fiscal, issue; that common explanations of increased spending, such as “ageing” and “technology”, are either inaccurate or unhelpful; and that the nature of public support for healthcare means that standard budgetary worldviews may not be appropriate in a representative system. For example, both a focus on “fiscal space” and distrust of dedicated revenues may be contrary to budgetary values of both representation and balance. I offer explanations of why demand for healthcare spending both is peculiarly intense and tends to expand because notions of “necessary” care expand. Budget-making is made more difficult by a uniquely confusing proliferation of ideas about how to control spending, many of which are supported more by disciplinary biases than by hard evidence. I conclude by considering the impact of two structural features: whether services are delivered by a bureau or as an entitlement, and whether it is funded by dedicated revenues. The challenges can be met, but hardheaded and sceptical budget analysis is especially important. JEL classification: H51, H6, E62, H2, I1, J11, O33, P16, Z18 Keywords: Budgeting, healthcare spending, ageing society, Baumol’s disease, dedicated revenues, efficiency, entitlements, redistribution, technology, unsustainability
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  • 95
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    In:  Nuclear Law Bulletin Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 113-121 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:113-121
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear Law Bulletin
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 113-121
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:113-121
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: European Atomic Energy Community Proposed binding instruments Adopted legally binding instruments Non-legally binding instruments International Atomic Energy Agency Convention on Nuclear Safety Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management International Expert Group on Nuclear Liability Legislative assistance activities OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Appointment of new Director-General International experts in Japan to review safety after Fukushima Daiichi China Atomic Energy Authority co-operation workshop
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  • 96
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    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 115-148 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:115-148
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 115-148
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:115-148
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: After a brief overview of current financing difficulties for SMEs and policy measures to support SME lending during the crisis,this article presents a literature review related to difficulties in SME’s access to finance during the crisis, against a background of a sharp decline in bank profitability and an erosion of bank capital that negatively affected lending. The articles reviewed are classified according to four main issues of interest:the impairment of the bank-credit channel and its economic effects;factors potentially attenuating the effect of a financial squeeze;the role of global banking in mitigating but also transmitting financial shocks; and,looking ahead,issues related to so-called “credit-less recoveries” that should be relevant in guiding policy makers in the current environment of financial deleveraging. All the results hold important implications for policy making given the bail-outs and the large injections ofliquidity by central banks during the crisis.
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  • 97
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    In:  OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-14 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:1-14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 1-14
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-14
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: We propose a transparent way of establishing a turning point chronology for the euro area business cycle. Our analysis is achieved by exploiting the concept of recurrence plots, in particular distance plots, to characterise and detect turning points of the business cycle. Firstly, we apply the concept of recurrence plots on the US Industrial Production Index (IPI) series; this serves as a benchmark for our analysis since it already contains a reference chronology for the US business cycle, as provided by the Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). We then use this concept to construct a turning point chronology for the euro area business cycle. In particular, we show that this approach detects turning points and helps with the study of the business cycle without a priori assumptions on the statistical properties of the underlying economic indicator. Keywords: economic cycles; euro area; recurrence plots; turning points JEL classification: C14, C40, E32
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  • 98
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    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 139-162 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:139-162
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 139-162
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:139-162
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Reducing bank dependence in financing small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are key contributors to economic growth and job creation should help making them more resilient to financial shocks. Various non-bank debt financing alternatives are available and were the focus of a Roundtable discussion that this article draws on. Revitalising securitisation, tarnished during the crisis, is important, by making it safer, simpler and more transparent, and perhaps also by offering some (initial) government and regulatory support. Similarly, covered bonds can be attractive instruments for SME finance. For mid-sized companies, bond issuance and private placements may also provide useful alternatives. All these instruments can and should be tailored to fit the investors’ needs. There is no “silver bullet” for SME finance which is exceptionally complex due to the diversity of SMEs themselves. Data transparency, standardisation, regulatory support and raising awareness about available financing options should be among the issues to be addressed. JEL classification: G1, G2, G23, G28 Keywords: SME finance, non-bank finance, (high-quality) securitisation, asset-backed securities (ABS), SME CLO (collateralised loan obligation), (covered) bonds, private placements, European DataWarehouse, Prime Collateralised Securities (PCS) initiative.
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  • 99
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    In:  OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 69-98 | volume:2014 | year:2014 | number:1 | pages:69-98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 69-98
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2014
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:69-98
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Bank regulatory reform is expected to limit the value of implicit bank debt guarantees, even if not plainly targeting such values. According to the responses from 35 countries to a survey on implicit bank debt guarantees, there is however no one specific policy capable of fully eliminating the market perception that bank debt is “special”. A mixture of several different and complementary policy measures is considered more helpful, with recurrent elements including the implementation of internationally agreed capital and liquidity standards, the tightening of micro- and macro-prudential supervision and making bank failure resolution more effective. As regards the overall thrust of bank regulatory reform efforts, most respondents suggest “strengthening banks” and “strengthening the capacity to withdraw the guarantee function” describes best their own efforts. By contrast, labelling certain policy measures as “effectively charging a user fee” is considered problematic as it might make explicit what currently is at most implicit.
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  • 100
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Bulletin de droit nucléaire Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 9-28 | volume:2013 | year:2013 | number:2 | pages:9-28
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 20 x 27cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Uranium mining and production: A legal perspective on regulating an important resource
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin de droit nucléaire
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2013, no. 2, p. 9-28
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2013
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:9-28
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: L’uranium est important à plusieurs titres. Premièrement, à l’état naturel c’est une ressource énergétique stratégique puisqu’essentielle à la production d’électricité nucléaire et qui peut, par conséquent, influer sur la sécurité énergétique d’un État. Deuxièmement, c’est aussi une matière première assez abondante sur la surface de la planète qui, par diverses opérations, peut être transformée en un engin nucléaire explosif. C’est pourquoi il est à la fois intéressant d’en faire le commerce et nécessaire de réglementer son extraction et son traitement – ce que l’on appelle l’« amont du cycle » du combustible nucléaire. Or si l’extraction de tout métal « ordinaire » est réglementée à l’échelle nationale, dans le cas de l’uranium, la réglementation et le contrôle s’inscrivent également dans un régime international de droit nucléaire qui s’applique d’ailleurs à l’intégralité du cycle du combustible nucléaire.
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