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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (334)
  • 1995-1999  (334)
  • 1998  (334)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (322)
  • Paris
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales du Musée Guimet; Bibliothèque d'études (from 1892-)
    Paris ; 1.1892 -
    Details
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1892 -
    Former Title: Publications du Musée Guimet
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MEK Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Recherches oubanguiennes (from 1969-)
    Paris ; 1.1969 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0338-8735
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1969 -
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Publications de la Sorbonne; Série Etudes (from 1971-)
    Paris ; 1.1971 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0291-1612
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.1971 -
    Former Title: Vorg. Université de Paris-Sorbonne. Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Paris-Sorbonne / Série Études et méthodes
    DDC: 370
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales du Musée Guimet; Bibliothèque de diffusion (from 1947-)
    Paris ; 55.1947 -
    Details
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 55.1947 -
    Former Title: Vorg. Musée National des Arts Asiatiques Guimet Annales du Musée Guimet / Bibliothèque de vulgarisation
    Former Title: Publications du Musée Guimet
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales du Musée Guimet; Bibliothèque d'études (from 1892-)
    Paris ; 1.1892 -
    Details
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1892 -
    Former Title: Publications du Musée Guimet
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MEK Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Journal de la Société des Océanistes (from 1945-)
    Paris ; 1.1945 - 42.1986 = Nr. 1-83; Nr. 84.1987 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-953X , 1760-7256 , 1760-7256
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1945 - 42.1986 = Nr. 1-83; Nr. 84.1987 -
    Additional Information: Ausz. Bibliographie de l'océanie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Société des Océanistes Journal de la Société des Océanistes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Société des Océanistes Journal de la Société des Océanistes
    Former Title: Vorg. Vorg. ---〉 Bulletin de la Société des Océanistes
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    LA 1000
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Ozeanien ; Ethnologie ; Australien
    Note: Index 1/15.1945/59 in: 16.1960; 16/25.1960/69 in: 26.1970,29; 26/28.1970/72 in: 28.1972; 26/35.1970/79 in: 39.1983,76
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    Weltkulturen Museum
    BSZ
    GBV
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bibliothèque des Ecoles Françaises d'Athènes et de Rome : BEFAR (from 1877-)
    Rome : École Française de Rome | Athènes : École Française d'Athènes | Paris | Rome : De Boccard ; Nr. 1.1877 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0257-4101
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1877 -
    Additional Information: 235=18 von Società Ligure di Storia Patria Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria Genova : Società Ligure di Storia Patria, 1858 2037-7134
    Additional Information: 259=18 von Démographie et sociétés Paris : S.E.V.P.E.N., 1959 0070-3362
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Anfangs ohne Zusatz
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    BSZ
    GBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Publications de la Sorbonne; Recherches (from 1972-)
    Paris ; N.S. 1.1972 -
    Details
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: N.S. 1.1972 -
    Additional Information: 1=13 von Centre de Recherches sur la Civilisation de l'Europe Moderne (Paris) Travaux du Centre de Recherches sur la Civilisation de l'Europe Moderne Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1963 0768-3677
    Additional Information: 5=1; 15=2; 16=3; 35=5 von Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Publications de la Sorbonne / Littératures 2 Paris : Pr. Univ. de France, 1973
    Former Title: Vorg. Université de Paris-Sorbonne. Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Paris-Sorbonne / Série Recherches
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bibliothèque des Ecoles Françaises d'Athènes et de Rome : BEFAR (from 1877-)
    Rome : École Française de Rome | Athènes : École Française d'Athènes | Paris | Rome : De Boccard ; Nr. 1.1877 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0257-4101
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1877 -
    Additional Information: 235=18 von Società Ligure di Storia Patria Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria Genova : Società Ligure di Storia Patria, 1858 2037-7134
    Additional Information: 259=18 von Démographie et sociétés Paris : S.E.V.P.E.N., 1959 0070-3362
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Anfangs ohne Zusatz
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Journal de la Société des Océanistes (from 1945-)
    Paris ; 1.1945 - 42.1986 = Nr. 1-83; Nr. 84.1987 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-953X , 1760-7256 , 1760-7256
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1945 - 42.1986 = Nr. 1-83; Nr. 84.1987 -
    Additional Information: Ausz. Bibliographie de l'océanie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Société des Océanistes Journal de la Société des Océanistes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Société des Océanistes Journal de la Société des Océanistes
    Former Title: Vorg. Vorg. ---〉 Bulletin de la Société des Océanistes
    DDC: 390
    RVK:
    LA 1000
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Ozeanien ; Ethnologie ; Australien
    Note: Index 1/15.1945/59 in: 16.1960; 16/25.1960/69 in: 26.1970,29; 26/28.1970/72 in: 28.1972; 26/35.1970/79 in: 39.1983,76
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    Weltkulturen Museum
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Publications de la Sorbonne; Recherches (from 1972-)
    Paris ; N.S. 1.1972 -
    Details
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: N.S. 1.1972 -
    Additional Information: 1=13 von Centre de Recherches sur la Civilisation de l'Europe Moderne (Paris) Travaux du Centre de Recherches sur la Civilisation de l'Europe Moderne Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1963 0768-3677
    Additional Information: 5=1; 15=2; 16=3; 35=5 von Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Publications de la Sorbonne / Littératures 2 Paris : Pr. Univ. de France, 1973
    Former Title: Vorg. Université de Paris-Sorbonne. Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Paris-Sorbonne / Série Recherches
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 12
    Microfilm
    Microfilm
    International herald tribune : the global edition of the New York Times (1967-2013)
    Neuilly-sur-Seine : International Herald Tribune | Paris ; 80.1967,22.Mai - 2013,14.Okt. = Nr. 26236 - 40618
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0294-8052
    Language: English
    Edition: Ann Arbor, Mich. UMI Mikrofilm-Ausg.: Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI
    Dates of Publication: 80.1967,22.Mai - 2013,14.Okt. = Nr. 26236 - 40618
    Additional Information: Beil. International herald tribune style magazine
    Additional Information: Beil. Kathimerini
    Additional Information: Beil. Frankfurter Allgemeine / English edition
    Additional Information: Beil. International herald tribune magazine
    Additional Information: In Beziehung stehendes Werk The New York times New York, NY : The New York Times Corp., 1857 0362-4331
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International herald tribune
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion International herald tribune historical archive
    Former Title: Vorg. New York herald tribune / European edition
    Former Title: Vorg. New York times / International edition
    Former Title: IHT
    Former Title: the world's daily newspaper
    Subsequent Title: Forts. International New York times / Europe
    Subsequent Title: Forts. Forts. ---〉 International New York times / Asia
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitung ; Frankreich ; Kollektive Sicherheit ; Internationale Politik ; Innenpolitik ; Wirtschaft ; USA ; Zeitung
    Note: Teils ohne Titelzusatz , Ungezählte Beil. ab 115.2002,Juli: F.A.Z. weekly , Hrsg.: Stephen Dunbar-Johnson, verantw. Red.: Dick Stevenson, anfangs: Michael Getler , Periodizität: tägl. , Mikrofilm-Ausg.: Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI , Commission paritaire: 61337
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Harmful Tax Competition : An Emerging Global Issue (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162945
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence fiscale dommageable ; Un problème mondial
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Haitallinen verokilpailu; Esille nouseva globaali kysymys
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Harmful tax competition
    DDC: 336.2
    RVK:
    QL 400
    Keywords: Steuerwettbewerb ; Steuerpolitik ; Steueroase ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Taxation ; Steuerwettbewerb
    Abstract: Globalisation has had positive effects on the development of tax systems and has encouraged countries to engage in base broadening and rate reducing tax reforms. However, it has also created an environment in which tax havens thrive and in which governments may be induced to adopt harmful preferential tax regimes to attract mobile activities. Tax competition in the form of harmful tax practices can distort trade and investment patterns, erode national tax bases and shift part of the tax burden onto less mobile tax bases, such as labor and consumption, thus adversely affecting employment and undermining the fairness of tax structures. The Report emphasises that governments must intensify their cooperative actions to curb harmful tax practices. To achieve this, OECD Member governments have developed "Guidelines on Harmful Preferential Tax Regimes". These Guidelines will discourage the spread of harmful preferential tax regimes and encourage countries with such regimes to eliminate them. To counteract both tax havens and harmful preferential tax regimes, Member governments have also agreed to pursue vigorously the implementation of the other Recommendations in the Report, including entering into a dialogue with non-member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162945-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathways and Participation in Vocational and Technical Education and Training (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Itinéraires et participation dans l'enseignement technique et la formation professionnelle
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Pathways and participation in vocational and technical education and training
    DDC: 370.11/3
    RVK:
    QV 240
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    RVK:
    DP 5400
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Technische Berufe ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europäische Union ; Berufsbildung
    Abstract: The OECD countries have widely differing traditions regarding basic vocational training. This publication, prepared as part of the VOTEC project on "The Changing Role of Vocational and Technical Education and Training", is designed to help towards a better understanding of the internal logic and workings of these different systems. Education and training systems propose differentiated and interconnected pathways, each of which can be broken down into a series of programmes. But what are the factors that explain participation of young people in VOTEC and the way it has developed over time? A number of answers have been formulated and are examined here in the light of ten national reports.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Itinéraires et participation dans l'enseignement technique et la formation professionnelle
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162273-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adjustment in OECD Agriculture : Reforming Farmland Policies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162617
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ajustement du secteur agricole des pays de l'OCDE ; Réformer les politiques foncières agricoles
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Adjustment in OECD agriculture
    DDC: 338.18
    RVK:
    QS 700
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaftliche Immobilien ; Bodenmarkt ; Agrarsubvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; OECD ; Transferzahlung ; Landwirtschaftliches Einkommen
    Abstract: This book brings together two studies both related to the very important issue of land: it examines the way in which agricultural and other policies affect how it changes hands, its value and use patterns. The first study looks at policies affecting farmland mobility and calls for an easing of regulations to allow the agricultural sector to be more responsive to market forces. The second study shows that agricultural support is often capitalised into land and other asset values. As a result there is strong resistance to policy reform, entry into the agricultural sector is difficult and the recipients of benefits are not always those intended when the policies were put in place.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162617-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards Sustainable Development : Environmental Indicators (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163201
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un développement durable ; Indicateurs d'environnement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rumo a um Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Indicadores Ambientais
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Environmental indicators - towards sustainable development
    DDC: 310
    RVK:
    QT 000
    RVK:
    AR 12350
    RVK:
    PN 797
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; Umweltbelastung ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Sustainable development - statistics ; Environment - statistics ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltindikator ; Sozialer Indikator
    Abstract: Interest in sustainable development and awareness of the international dimension of environmental problems, have stimulated governments to track and chart environmental progress and its links with economic conditions and trends. This publication presents leading environmental indicators from the OECD Core Set and thus contributes to measuring environmental performance and progress towards sustainable development. Organised by issues such as climate change, air pollution, biodiversity, waste or water resources, this book provides essential information for all those interested in sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163201-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262591
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Mexico 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré au Mexique évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262591-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Fédération de Russie 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262867
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Russian Federation 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: L'éducation constitue un instrument puissant au service de la construction d'une nouvelle Russie. Elle peut aider les citoyens à relever les défis liés à la transition vers la démocratie, contribuer à former une main-d'oeuvre ayant les qualités et les compétences requises par le nouveau contexte socio-économique, et permettre de concilier objectifs nationaux et intérêts régionaux. Le défi posé au système éducatif est d'autant plus grand que de nombreux autres systèmes économiques et sociaux sont également dans une phase de transition et de réforme en Fédération de Russie. Dans le contexte actuel, caractérisé par des conditions changeantes et incertaines et de sérieuses contraintes financières, les politiques éducatives doivent s'efforcer de promouvoir et d'accompagner l'adaptation et le réaménagement des programmes, de renforcer les atouts manifestes du système actuel et d'encourager l'instauration de partenariats nouveaux et efficaces aux niveaux national, régional et local. Ce rapport décrit les tendances les plus récentes de la politique d'éducation de la Fédération de Russie et présente une analyse des réformes en cours. Tout en approuvant l'orientation générale de la politique actuelle, il attire l'attention sur certains problèmes, ouvre de nouveaux horizons et propose des moyens de consolider les réformes engagées. Il contient des recommandations portant sur les objectifs de l'éducation, l'accès universel et l'égalité des chances, les programmes et l'évaluation, les enseignants et leur formation, la réforme de l'enseignement technique et professionnel dans une économie en mutation, et enfin la gestion, le financement et le rôle des pouvoirs publics.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262867-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investment Guides: Kyrgyz Republic 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163379
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QG 480
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Kyrgyzstan
    Abstract: Since 1991, the Kyrgyz Republic has made significant progress in offering an attractive environment to foreign investors. It has a stable political environment, low inflation, recent and projected growth rates of at least 6 per cent per annum, and has made significant improvements in the legal regime regulating foreign investment. The Republic had initially no foreign investments in 1991 but by the end of 1997 these approached $250 million. Substantial further investment is expected in mining, energy production, agri-business, light industry and tourism in the future. The Investment Guide for the Kyrgyz Republic has been prepared with three objectives: firstly, to identify the opportunities which are likely to interest foreign investors; secondly, to provide the investor with relevant information on the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework, and thirdly to draw attention to areas of policy and legislation where additional measures will further increase its comparative advantages as an investment location.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163379-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investment Guides: Kazakhstan 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QG 480
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Wirtschaft ; Kasachstan ; Auslandsinvestition ; Recht
    Abstract: Since 1991, Kazakhstan, which is one of the two largest Central Asian republics, had attracted foreign direct investment worth US$4 billion by 1998. Whilst most of this investment has been in the energy and mineral sectors, there are also significant opportunities in other sectors of the economy. The Investment Guide for Kazakhstan has been prepared with three objectives in mind: firstly, to identify areas of opportunity for foreign investors; secondly to provide information about the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework; and thirdly to help foreign direct investors from OECD Member countries draw balanced conclusions about the investment climate. The overview chapter contains constructive policy suggestions on the future attraction of foreign investment for the attention of the Government of Kazakhstan.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163546-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immigrants, Integration and Cities : Exploring the Links (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Rapid economic and social change in both inner cities and suburbs has created new challenges for the integration of immigrants and their descendants. What is the role of immigration in urban development and neighbourhood change? What are the impacts of urban change on immigrants and their chances of integration? The history of urban development and the characteristics of immigrant populations -- size, origins, the range of groups represented and their history, length of residence and civic status -- vary across countries. The process of integration may thus vary considerably at different times and for different immigrant groups. This publication analyses in detail the nature and content of policies being implemented to promote the integration of immigrants in urban areas. It examines how the changing socio-economic context in cities may affect immigrants and the advantages and disadvantages of urban concentrations of immigrants, drawing on examples from cities in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. It also highlights the importance of associating not only immigrants and key local actors, but the concerned wider population as well, in defining and implementing urban development and integration policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162952-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Management of Water in Agriculture : Issues and Policies - The Athens Workshop (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Pressure on the quantity and quality of water from agriculture is a concern in many OECD countries. But the use of water in agriculture is essential to meet growing demands for food, and also provides environmental and social benefits. Key questions for policy makers are how to ensure the sustainable management of water resources in agriculture through coherent policies in the areas of agriculture, water and the environment.The Athens Workshop helped to illustrate what needs to be done to manage water sustainably in agriculture, in particular through reviewing the experiences in OECD countries. The main conclusions are: continuing the reform of agricultural policies; improving the transparency of water management policies; enhancing water pricing mechanisms; ensuring that all stakeholders are involved in policy formulation; and undertaking cost-benefit analysis in the design of water projects, taking into account environmental considerations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163225-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Migration, Free Trade and Regional Integration in North America (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Trade liberalisation is necessary but not sufficient to provide the conditions under which migration flows are significantly reduced. Co-ordinated measures must therefore be undertaken to promote technological catch-up, the development of physical infrastructure and investment in human capital. Against a background of sustained development accompanied by significant employment creation, the incentive to emigrate could decline. This publication explores the links between trade liberalisation and migration movements in North America and discusses the issue of whether the free circulation of persons accompany the successive stages of regional economic integration or whether it is an important objective to be achieved only once economic convergence has reached a sufficiently high level. The authors conclude that restrictions on movement are likely to continue into the future and that the lack of free movement does not constitute an obstacle to regional economic integration. Within this context, the need for balanced migration policies which take account of concerns about the economic consequences and social welfare of both sending and receiving countries will remain on the agenda for the foreseeable future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163812-en
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  • 24
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    A Regional Approach to Industrial Restructuring in the Tomsk Region, Russian Federation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Tomsk is one of the oldest established centres of industry and learning in the Russian Federation. The city of Tomsk and its surrounding region now face challenging economic and resource utilisation problems. These must be overcome if the pace of development is to be quickened and deepened. At the invitation of the regional authorities, the OECD’s Centre for Co-operation with the Economies in Transition, organised a conference in Tomsk on a regional approach to industrial restructuring in June 1997. It received special support from the Institute for Advanced Studies of Vienna. This report presents the economic assessment, conference conclusions and recommendations. It will be of particular use to potential investors, businesses and other specialists interested in the opportunities arising from reforms underway in the economy of one of Russia’s oldest regions. The publication notably provides an overview of the Tomsk regional economy and its main sectors, with an examination of key regional and federal policy issues, and investment provisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163058-en
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  • 25
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    Institutional Investors in the New Financial Landscape (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (492 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Institutional investors (insurance companies, investment companies and pension funds) have been gaining in importance in both OECD and non-OECD countries. The institutionalisation of savings is having a profound impact on the structure and functioning of capital markets. Institutional investors are the main forces shaping the new financial landscape. This publication gives a comprehensive overview of the major driving forces behind recent trends, future prospects, financial market implications as well as regulatory and supervisory challenges related to the rise in institutional assets.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163065-en
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  • 26
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    Capital Market Development in Transition Economies : Country Experiences and Policies for the Future (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163676
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Central and Eastern Europe and Russia have been actively building capital markets since the beginning of the transition period in 1990. Since that time, these countries have created or re-established equity markets and actively developed government securities markets. In some cases, corporate bond markets have also begun to flourish. Yet, many problems remain in achieving desired levels of efficiency, transparency and stability. For the first time, the evolution of both equity and securities markets in these countries is critically evaluated. The policy choices for promoting these objectives and further integration of the fledgling markets into the international capital markets are discussed, although they are not always straightforward and free of controversy. This book brings into focus some of the main obstacles on the road to building sound capital markets. Financial experts, economists from OECD member countries as well as government officials from several central and eastern European countries and Russia describe strategic choices and policy options based on their experiences with different privatisation methods, regulatory approaches and government debt management policies. The presentation of actual experiences and policy challenges encountered by government officials in creating and regulating securities markets -- in particular, very frank accounts by Russian and Czech officials of attempts to combat fraudulent practices of certain market participants -- makes this book unique.The range of lessons found here will provide support for countries currently in market turmoil and insights on the process of building capital markets for policymakers, academics and market participants.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163676-en
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  • 27
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    Défis lancés à la capacité de gestion des centres du gouvernement : Gouvernements de coalition et changements de gouvernements (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 82 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Documents Sigma no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Management Challenges at the Centre of Government: Coalition Situations and Government Transitions
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Neuf pays d’Europe centrale et orientale — Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Lituanie, Pologne, République tchèque, Roumanie, Slovaquie — étaient représentes à Varsovie à la réunion des hauts fonctionnaires des centres de gouvernement, organisée par le Programme SIGMA, les 27 et 28 février 1997. Trois centres de gouvernement des pays de l'Union européenne — Allemagne, Belgique, Grèce — ont également participés aux travaux, de même que des experts venus du Canada, du Danemark, de France et de Suède. Tout naturellement, comme l'avaient fait à Paris l'année précédente leurs homologues français, les responsables du pays hôte ont présenté aux participants les grandes lignes de leur organisation et les changements importants qui lui ont été apportés récemment. Ces changements s'inscrivent dans le cadre plus général de la réforme de l'administration d'État réalisé en Pologne. Ils se traduisent, au niveau du centre du gouvernement, par le renforcement de la position du Premier ministre et par une délimitation plus claire des responsabilités politiques et administratives. Deux thèmes de réflexion avaient été retenus pour cette rencontre : la gestion des gouvernements de coalition et le management des transitions entre gouvernements. Ces deux thèmes n'ont pas été choisis au hasard : on en trouve des applications concrètes dans tous les pays qui font partie du Programme SIGMA, ils intéressent très directement les centres de gouvernement et les problèmes qu'ils soulèvent sont de nature comparable. Dans les deux cas, en effet, il s'agit en définitive de concilier les exigences de la démocratie et celles de l'efficacité. La démocratie implique le pluralisme des forces politiques et elle rend légitime leur alternance au pouvoir. Mais, par la même, elle introduit dans le fonctionnement des institutions, à un moment où la conduite de la transition appelle de la part des gouvernements une direction ferme et une action continue, des germes de faiblesse ou de fragilité. Un gouvernement de coalition peut avoir des difficultés à parler d'une seule voix. Des changements d'équipe trop fréquents peuvent nuire à la continuité des actions engagées. Ces risques sont inhérents à la démocratie et ils doivent être bien entendu acceptés. Mais il est aussi du rôle des centres des gouvernements de chercher à minimiser les effets négatifs qu'ils pourraient avoir sur la bonne conduite des politiques publiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6147whjc-fr
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  • 28
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    Macroeconomic Effects of Pension Reforms in The Context of Ageing Populations : Overlapping Generations Model Simulations for Seven OECD Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.201
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Using overlapping generations (OLG) models calibrated on seven OECD countries -- the United States, Japan, France, Canada, Italy, the United Kingdom and Sweden -- the authors investigate the macroeconomic impact of possible pension reform strategies as populations age. Simulations include a reduction in the level of pensions, phased abolition of PAYG schemes and general fiscal consolidation. By raising the national saving rate future GDP levels are higher, but not enough to offset the affects of ageing. A rise in the retirement age has larger effects, but implies significant loss of leisure time ...
    DOI: 10.1787/638376177076
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  • 29
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    The Innovative Pilot High School at Poitiers : Futuroscrope 10 Years On (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le lycée pilote innovant de Poitiers : Futuroscope - 10 ans déjà
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: The Innovative Pilot High School is part of the Futuroscope complex near Poitiers in the Department of Vienne, eastern France. Designed and financed by the Department, the Futuroscope is the only complex in Europe based on creating a synergy between the activities of leisure, work, technology, training and education. The concept of a theme park, surrounded by a high technology development, unlike any other, was first conceived in mid-1983.
    DOI: 10.1787/523103734821
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  • 30
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    Determinants of Customs Fraud and Corruption : Evidence from Two African Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.138
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Corruption in customs administrations is a major problem in many African countries. Data from the period 1990-96 are used to examine several hypotheses concerning the determinants of customs fraud in Senegal and Mali. Statistical tests using product-by-product data support the widely held view that high levels of taxation lead to fraud. The findings also show that hiring a pre-shipment inspection company can be an effective tool in fighting corruption, but only if it is accompanied by internal reforms like computerisation of customs procedures. Finally, changes in determinants of corruption, such as levels of taxation, have themselves depended upon broader political changes in each of the two countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/881285326435
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  • 31
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    Ice Storm: Reacting to a Natural Disaster in Quebec (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La tempête de verglas : mesures prises face à une catastrophe naturelle au Québec
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: When a severe freeze hit Quebec in January 1998, schools and universities were forced to remain closed for up to 23 days. Here is an account of how school authorities handled the crisis and the lessons they learned.
    DOI: 10.1787/488213474436
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  • 32
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    State Infrastructure and Productive Performance in Indian Manufacturing (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.139
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: We present estimates, at the State level, of Indian manufacturing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Technical Efficiency (TE) from the estimation of production functions for 17 manufacturing industries from 1976 to 1992. Our analysis relates TFP and TE to the availability of infrastructure. We construct an aggregate infrastructure indicator from 12 indicators of core, social, and economic infrastructure. According to our findings, differences across States in manufacturing TFP and TE performance are accounted for, to a significant extent, by differences in infrastructure endowments. Our estimations make it possible, moreover, to measure the productive impact of the various types of infrastructure, as well as to identify the manufacturing industries where productivity gains are relatively more constrained by inadequate infrastructure. The findings could help in designing an effective policy of infrastructure investment, supporting both recent economic reforms towards industrial restructuring and efforts aiming to promote regional convergence in India ...
    DOI: 10.1787/765460688775
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  • 33
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Pays-Bas 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262553
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.24
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Netherlands 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Les Pays-Bas sont depuis longtemps parmi les bailleurs de fonds les plus performants, aussi bien par le volume de leur aide publique au développement (APD) que par le soin avec lequel elle a été utilisée et la constante recherche d'une plus grande efficacité. Lors de l'examen triennal de la politique et du programme d'aide des Pays-Bas auquel il a procédé, le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) s'est tout particulièrement intéressé à la réorganisation ambitieuse, voire téméraire, entreprise en 1996 par les Pays-Bas dans leur dispositif de coopération pour le développement. Cette refonte porte aussi bien sur le processus budgétaire que sur la structure des postes au ministère des Affaires étrangères et dans les ambassades auprès des pays bénéficiaires. Le CAD a également apprécié l'intention des Pays-Bas de concentrer leur action sur l'éradication de la pauvreté par le développement économique et social. L'effort d'APD des Pays-Bas, qui avait fléchi entre 1986 et 1994 en pourcentage du PNB, s'est renforcé entre 1994 et 1996. En 1996, les Pays-Bas se sont classés au quatrième rang des Membres du CAD par leur rapport APD/PNB et au cinquième par le volume absolu de leur aide. Le Comité a félicité les Pays-Bas pour ces résultats et exprimé l'espoir de voir se poursuivre le travail de sensibilisation et d'information du public, grâce auquel l'aide recueille déjà un large soutien dans l'opinion publique néerlandaise. Les examens en matière de coopération pour le développement programmés pour 1998 porteront sur les Membres du CAD suivants : Canada, Espagne, Etats-Unis, Allemagne, Communauté européenne, Finlande et Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262553-fr
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  • 34
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    Employment Outlook 1998 : June 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163089
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/empl_outlook-1998-en
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  • 35
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    Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE : Fédération de Russie 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263123
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Russian Federation 1998
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: L'éclatement de l'Union soviétique en 1991 a été pour la Russie le point de départ d'une transition longue et laborieuse vers une économie de marché. Bien que des progrès considérables aient été réalisés en termes de libéralisation de l'économie, certaines difficultés subsistent dans le secteur agroalimentaire. La Russie possède un potentiel économique énorme et l'économie rurale continuera d'être un maillon essentiel de sa structure économique et sociale pendant une bonne partie du XXI ème siècle. Mais pour concrétiser ce potentiel, la Russie doit favoriser le développement et la mise en place de mécanismes de régulation du marché efficaces et éliminer les obstacles structurels qui empêchent l'émergence d'un secteur agroalimentaire puissant et compétitif. Cette étude constitue l'une des analyses et des évaluations les plus approfondies de l'évolution des politiques agricoles en Russie depuis le début de la réforme. Elle s'appuie sur la méthode bien établie des équivalents subvention à la production et à la consommation utilisée par l'OCDE dans le calcul du soutien accordé à l'agriculture.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263123-fr
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  • 36
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    National Accounts : Main Aggregates 1960/1996 Volume 1 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062139
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/na_vol_1-1998-en-fr
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  • 37
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    Best Practice Policies for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1997
    RVK:
    QR 380
    RVK:
    QP 310
    DOI: 10.1787/sme_outlook-1997-en
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  • 38
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Belgique 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262461
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.23
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Belgium 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Belgium
    Abstract: Confronté depuis quelques années à de sérieux problèmes, le système belge de coopération pour le développement est aujourd'hui à un tournant critique. Un plan d'action a été élaboré par le Secrétaire d'Etat à la Coopération et des réformes fondamentales ont été entreprises. Ce plan d'action, intitulé "Annoncer la couleur -- Plan d'avenir pour la coopération belge au développement", a été favorablement accueilli par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE. Lors de son examen triennal de la politique et du programme d'aide de la Belgique le Comité a également pris note de la volonté du Secrétaire d'Etat de concevoir un programme de coopération qui dépasse le cadre des considérations économiques et sociales, et tienne pleinement compte des valeurs fondamentales de la société. Compte tenu des pratiques optimales en usage parmi les donneurs, le Comité s'est déclaré favorable à différentes mesures susceptibles d'augmenter l'efficience et l'efficacité du programme belge de coopération pour le développement : accroître l'efficacité par une plus grande décentralisation des tâches d'exécution et contrôler l'efficience grâce à une politique active de suivi, d'évaluation et de rétroaction des résultats ; améliorer la qualification du personnel en renforcant les formations sur les thèmes-clés du développement et en instaurant un système de rotation entre le siège et les représentations locales ; élaborer des stratégies par pays basées sur une approche de partenariat ; concentrer les efforts de coopération technique sur le renforcement des capacités locales. Au cours de l'année 1998 des examens de politique en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour les Membres du CAD suivants : Canada, Espagne, Etats-Unis, Allemagne, Communauté européenne, Finlande et Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262461-fr
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  • 39
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    Fostering Entrepreneurship (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Jobs Strategy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stimuler l'esprit d'entreprise
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: What is "entrepreneurship"? It is much more than the competition and risk taking of starting your own business. Enterprises create jobs and wealth. Without the dynamism they bring to the economy, the challenges of globalisation and structural change would be all but insurmountable. Fostering entrepreneurship means channelling entrepreneurial drive into a dynamic process which takes advantage of all the opportunities the economy can provide. This book analyses the factors that favour entrepreneurship and the obstacles that hinder it. It is the first to provide an international synthesis of entrepreneurship policies undertaken in countries as diverse as Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United States. Despite varying degrees of entrepreneurship from one country to another, international comparisons show that success comes from a synergy between a conducive institutional environment, well-designed government programmes and supportive cultural factors. To flourish, entrepreneurship requires efficient financial markets, a flexible labour market, a simpler and more transparent corporate taxation system and bankruptcy rules better adapted to the realities of the business world. This book examines experiences in all of these fields, as well as addressing the increasingly important roles played by local and regional authorities, the contribution of entrepreneurship in the non-profit sector, and the emergence of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Clearly, the right balance between these factors is not easy to strike. But strike it we must, because fostering entrepreneurship is not only a major economic imperative but also an urgent challenge that must be met to reconcile the goals of economic growth and social cohesion. This book is the most recent in a series on the OECD Jobs Strategy and an integral part of this international organisation’s broader mission to develop public policies to help OECD economies adapt to structural change and globalisation. This publication was prepared under the supervision of the OECD’s Territorial Development Service.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163713-en
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  • 40
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    Globalisation and the Environment : Perspectives from OECD and Dynamic Non-Member Economies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Globalisation is binding countries into closer economic -- and environmental -- interdependence through intensified trade and investment linkages and rapid advances in technology. It is also changing the context of environmental management at national, regional and global levels and is creating new challenges to, and opportunities for, the public and private sectors in the transition to sustainable development. This volume presents papers on these subjects by leading experts from OECD Member countries, Asia and Latin America. The papers were presented at the OECD Workshop on Globalisation and the Environment: New Challenges to the Public and Private Sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162655-en
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  • 41
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Portugal 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262195
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Portugal 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Portugal 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Le programme portugais de coopération pour le développement se caractérise par la place privilégiée qu'il accorde, dans ses activités bilatérales, aux pays lusophones d'Afrique. Cela reflète l'étroitesse de liens historiques, linguistiques et culturels, unissant le Portugal à ces pays, qui comptent actuellement parmi les pays les moins avancés. Depuis peu, le Portugal privilégie deux nouveaux axes de coopération pour le développement. Le développement du secteur privé, d'une part, s'appuie sur les réformes économiques opérées avec le soutien des institutions internationales et sur les instruments susceptibles de favoriser la participation du secteur privé portugais. Le renforcement des systèmes de gestion publique des pays lusophones d'Afrique, d'autre part, tout en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur les systèmes juridiques et judiciaires, s'étend également aux institutions parlementaires, aux systèmes électoraux, aux administrations locales et à la fourniture de conseils sur des questions d'ordre constitutionnel. Cet examen du programme portugais par le Comité d'aide au développement de l'OCDE (CAD) souligne que le Portugal pourrait jouer un rôle plus important encore, notamment en Angola et au Mozambique, où la fin des conflits appelle de toute urgence une action dans le domaine du développement. Il prend note de la création récente d'une Communauté des pays de langue portugaise (la CPLP), intégrant le Brésil, destinée à renforcer le dialogue et les efforts mutuels de développement. Au cours de l'année 1997, des examens de politique en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour la France, la Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Royaume-Uni.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262195-fr
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  • 42
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    Management Challenges at the Centre of Government : Coalition Situations and Government Transitions (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 79 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Défis lancés à la capacité de gestion des centres du gouvernement : Gouvernements de coalition et changements de gouvernements
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Nine central and eastern European countries — Albania, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic — were represented in Warsaw at the meeting of senior officials from centres of government, organised by the SIGMA Programme and held on 27 and 28 February 1997. Three European Union centres of government — Belgium, Germany, Greece — also took part in the work, as did experts from Canada, Denmark, France and Sweden. As their French counterparts had done in Paris the previous year, the host country officials described the broad lines of their organisation and informed participants about the major changes that had been made recently. In Poland, these come under the more general heading of the reform of state economic administration and result, at centre of government level, in the strengthening of the position of the Polish Prime Minister and a clearer demarcation of political and administrative responsibilities. Two topics had been selected for the meeting: “Policy-Making and Decision-Making in a Coalition System”, and “Managing Government Transitions”. The two issues were not chosen by accident: actual examples are to be found in all the countries participating in the SIGMA Programme, they are of direct interest to centres of government, and the problems they raise are comparable in nature. In the case of both topics, it is a question of reconciling the exigencies of democracy and efficiency. Democracy implies political pluralism and legitimises the principle that power can be held on an alternating basis. By the same token, however, it sows seeds of weakness or frailty in the functioning of a country’s institutions just when the process of transition requires governments to demonstrate firmness and continuity. A coalition government can find it difficult to speak with a single voice. When teams change too often, continuity can be jeopardised. These are the risks inherent in democracy and they have of course to be accepted, but it is also the role of centres of government to seek to minimise any negative effects they can have on the proper conduct of public policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml614vl4wh-en
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    Les technologies du XXIe siècle : Promesses et périls d'un futur dynamique (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263536
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 21st Century Technologies; Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 21st Century Technologies: Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Les décennies à venir sont porteuses de progrès remarquables dans de nombreuses technologies à vocation universelle. Notre façon de vivre, de travailler, ainsi que nos loisirs devraient en être profondément remodelés. Les technologies vont révolutionner la médecine, l'agriculture, les voyages, le commerce de détail... des bouleversements qui toucheront le coeur même de notre vie quotidienne. Si elle utilise ces technologies à bon escient, l'humanité pourra retirer des bienfaits immenses. Dans le cas contraire, ce seront autant d'opportunités manquées et de risques inutiles. L'enjeu est donc de taille pour la société. Quel coût cela entraînerait-il, si nous rations le coche du changement dynamique ? Quels problèmes éthiques les nouvelles avancées du génie génétique vont-elles poser ? La diffusion des nouvelles technologies créera-t-elle de nouvelles divisions sociales ? Quels types de sociétés seront les mieux armés pour exploiter ce vaste potentiel ? Quelle voie la coopération internationale doit-elle suivre pour tirer le plus grand profit des retombées de la technologie ? Cette étude passe en revue les promesses extraordinaires qu'annoncent les vingt prochaines années. Elle prend la mesure de questions essentielles -- économiques, sociales, environnementales ou éthiques -- auxquelles les décideurs du secteur public, du secteur des entreprises et de la société devront faire face pour écarter les incertitudes de la technologie et transformer ses promesses en réalités.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263536-fr
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  • 44
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    A Simulation Model of Global Pension Investment (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.137
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: How and to what extent can a high degree of global financial integration help the fast-ageing OECD benefit from the delayed ageing process in the non-OECD area? The question is being raised with increasing urgency as it is slowly understood that even fully funded pension schemes will not escape demographic pressures in the absence of considerable capital flows between the ageing OECD and the younger part of the world. A simulation with a two-region neo-classical economic-demographic model reaches two basic conclusions of importance to policy makers. First, capital flows from fast-ageing, mostly OECD countries to slowly ageing, mostly developing countries can only slightly attenuate, but not reverse, the consequences of an ageing population on falling returns to capital. Second, significant distributional effects are likely to arise from the interaction of population ageing and financial integration. Global financial integration benefits elderly lifetime savers, but hurts elderly ...
    DOI: 10.1787/064457031713
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  • 45
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    Pour l'ouverture des marchés : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262935
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Open Markets Matter; The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Open Markets Matter: The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: L'ouverture des marchés offre des avantages tangibles. Au cours de la dernière décennie, les pays les plus ouverts aux échanges et à l'investissement ont enregistré une croissance annuelle moyenne deux fois supérieure à celle des économies plus fermées. Les individus, les entreprises et les pays sont plus nombreux que jamais à dépendre des gains de la libéralisation du commerce et de l'investissement. Cependant, l'intégration accrue des marchés suscite toujours de l'inquiétude. Un engagement durable des pays en faveur de la libéralisation est indispensable pour assurer la prospérité mondiale sur le long terme. Pour être crédible, cet engagement doit être légitimé par un large soutien public, fondé sur la compréhension de ses enjeux. Il est d'autant plus important de faire savoir ce que la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement peut ou ne peut pas accomplir et ce dont elle peut être tenue pour responsable. La libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement n'est pas un processus indolore. Il ne faut pas la considérer comme une panacée ni comme une fin en soi. Néanmoins, elle constitue une composante essentielle de tout ensemble de politiques cohérent visant à aider les sociétés à s'ajuster -- afin d'en tirer profit -- aux transformations qu'induit le progrès technique, dont le rythme et l'ampleur sont sans précédent. Face à des enjeux aussi importants, cette publication examine les diverses voies qu'empruntent les marchés ouverts pour dispenser des bénéfices considérables aux sociétés et à leurs citoyens. Elle souligne les coûts monétaires du protectionnisme pour chacun et traite l'ensemble des préoccupations qui occupent une place importante dans le débat actuel sur les conséquences de la libéralisation des marchés pour l'emploi, la répartition du revenu, la protection de l'environnement et la souveraineté nationale. Cette étude délivre un message essentiel : la libéralisation n'est pas la cause première des inquiétudes des citoyens mais en constitue l'un des remèdes. Cette analyse exhaustive des tenants et des aboutissants de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement devrait apporter une contribution majeure au débat public. Elle constitue une lecture indispensable pour les fonctionnaires, les dirigeants du monde des affaires et les particuliers qui souhaitent y prendre une part active.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262935-fr
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  • 46
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    Panorama de la législation nucléaire en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les NEI (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262577
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Cette publication analyse la législation et la réglementation régissant les utilisations pacifiques de l'énergie nucléaire en Europe de l'Est. Elle couvre onze pays d'Europe centrale et orientale et cinq pays appartenant à la Communauté des États Indépendants. Les chapitres consacrés à chaque pays pris individuellement ont été rédigés selon un plan uniforme destiné à faciliter la recherche et la comparaison de l'information. Cette publication continuera à faire l'objet de mises à jour régulières. Arménie Lettonie Bélarus Lituanie Bulgarie Pologne Croatie République slovaque Estonie République tchèque Fédération de Russie Roumanie Hongrie Slovénie Kazakstan Ukraine
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262577-fr
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  • 47
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    The Future of Food : Long-term Prospects for the Agro-food Sector (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Se nourrir demain ; Perspectives à long terme du secteur agro-alimentaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Se nourrir demain : Perspectives à long terme du secteur agro-alimentaire
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    Abstract: The agro-food sector in OECD countries is heading towards an era of turbulance and transition. With food demand in developing countries growing, barriers to trade and investment falling, and consumer tastes and preferences rapidly diversifying, the landscape of OECD food markets will be radically different 20 years from now. Are food shortages likely and what will happen to food prices? What changes will we see in food retailing and food processing? Will there be more co-operation between the various players in the agro-food industry, more concentration or more competition? To grasp these challenges, this report looks into the prospects for the agro-food sector to 2010-20 and examines the new generation of key issues that lie ahead for governments, business, farmers and consumers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162006-en
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  • 48
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    Benefit Systems and Work Incentives (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/benwork_incent-1998-en
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  • 49
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    Investment Guides: Latvia 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162921
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QG 472
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Abstract: Since 1991, the Latvian Government has conscientiously instituted a number of reforms which led to an increase in the level of foreign investment. Over 1996, foreign investment rose by 60 per cent, and foreign direct investment stocks amounted to US$ 269 per capita at the start of 1997. This places Latvia among the region's leaders in terms of its ability to attract foreign investment. The Government must, however, continue to improve the business environment. The Investment Guide for Latvia has been prepared with three objectives in mind : firstly, to identify those areas of economic activity which present opportunities for foreign investors; secondly, to provide the investor with comprehensive information relating to the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework, essential for sound and secured foreign investment; thirdly, to draw on the experiences of the foreign investors in Latvia, and to conclude with an assessment of the business, investment and regulatory environment. This assessment will focus on areas within the legal framework and structure which need greater transparency, predictability and efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162921-en
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  • 50
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : Brésil 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263147
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Brazil 1998
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Brazil
    Abstract: Le Brésil est sur le point de devenir l'un des plus importants pays d'accueil de l'investissement direct étranger (IDE) d'Amérique latine et du monde. L'attrait exercé par le Brésil s'est sensiblement accru grâce aux réformes économiques importantes et aux privatisations de grande envergure qui en ont fait le plus grand marché latino-américain ainsi qu'un acteur-clé du Mercosur. La propagation de la libéralisation, la restructuration de l'économie brésilienne et la poursuite de l'intégration économique devraient amplifier cette tendance dans les années à venir. Il y a tout lieu de se féliciter des politiques mises en place par le gouvernement du Brésil pour enrayer la discrimination à l'égard des investisseurs étrangers et de leurs investissements, protéger leurs actifs (tangibles ou intangibles) et créer des mécanismes de règlement des différends. Cette étude souligne cependant qu'un certain nombre d'inquiétudes subsistent en matière d'accès au secteur bancaire, de discrétion réglementaire ou administative et de barrières structurelles. Mais l'adhésion aux principes de libéralisation de l'OCDE sont de nature à consolider et conforter le gouvernment brésilien dans la voie des réformes, tout en offrant un cadre favorable à l'expansion des relations entre le Brésil et les pays de l'OCDE dans le domaine de l'IDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263147-fr
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  • 51
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    Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Italie 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263635
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Italy 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: Le système éducatif italien est engagé dans une grande réforme dont l'objet est d'améliorer et d'intégrer l'acquisition des connaissances à l'école, à l'université et dans les organisations régionales de formation afin de répondre aux exigences d'une société et d'une économie en constante mutation en matière de savoir, de qualifications et de diplômes. Les changements radicaux qui se dessinent comprendront la décentralisation des attributions administratives et une autonomie plus grande des écoles. Ils devraient permettre aux acteurs de terrain de s'adapter avec plus de souplesse à la diversité des besoins individuels et locaux comme à ceux des entreprises, tout en rendant plus efficace l'utilisation des fonds et des technologies disponibles. L'un des volets essentiels de la réforme sera aussi d'encourager les processus d'évaluation ainsi qu'une responsabilisation accrue dans tout le système. Les examinateurs de l'OCDE approuvent les objectifs de cette réforme et suggèrent un certain nombre de stratégies pour étayer leur réalisation. Il est nécessaire, soulignent-ils, que l'ensemble de la société adhère à ces objectifs et que toutes les parties prenantes se mobilisent pour accomplir les vastes transformations prévues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263635-fr
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  • 52
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    Wage Determination in the Public Sector : A France/Italy Comparison No. 21 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Public Management Occasional Papers
    Keywords: Governance ; France ; Italy
    Abstract: Traditionally, pay analysis in the public sector has been based on cross section data, such as average or median wages. This study differs in that micro longitudinal data are used to explain and compare pay determination in the French and Italian civil services. Based on examples, the report presents different readings obtained from aggregate data and individual longitudinal data. It focuses on the weight of various components of human capital -- gender, age, year of birth, seniority, educational level -- on trends in civil servants' pay throughout working life. This type of analysis sheds new light in the area of human resource management in the civil service and, in particular, may be seen as a key tool for analysing gender pay discrimination.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162365-en
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  • 53
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    Water Consumption and Sustainable Water Resources Management (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La consommation de l'eau et la gestion durable des ressources en eau
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Water is a vital resource for human health, economic development and environmental quality. Over the past three decades, OECD Member countries have made major strides in the management of their water resources. Increasingly, however, water is coming back onto the policy agenda. Persistent water quality problems, the need for heavy investments in water delivery and treatment infrastructure, and growing competition for finite supplies are forcing greater attention on the mix of policies needed to achieve efficient and effective integrated water resources management. The integrated management of water resources is not a new concept. The notion of "integration", however, is evolving. Greater emphasis is being given to the full recognition of the water needs of the environment in pricing policies, allocation decisions and institutional reform. There is also a growing number of examples of the integration of a wider range of stakeholders, including the private sector and local communities, in water resources planning and management. This report presents the discussions and conclusions of the OECD workshop on sustainable water consumption, which was held in Sydney, Australia (10-12 February 1997). Drawing on examples from OECD Member countries and selected countries from the Asia-Pacific, it examines progress made on a range of key water policy issues and examines some of the more innovative attempts to put into practice a wider vision of integration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162648-en
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    Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: In the current era of globalisation, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognised as major players in innovation and job creation. Furthermore, entrepreneurship is no longer a male preserve: although few women can be found at the head of large companies, an increasing number are taking up the challenge of creating and managing their own businesses. This conference proceedings explores the phenomenon of women entrepreneurs in small and medium entreprises, examining such issues as governmental support, networks, doing business overseas, starting businesses, and financing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162785-en
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  • 55
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    OECD Financial Statistics : Part 1 Section 2 January 1998 = Statistiques financières de l'OCDE : Partie 1 Section 2 janvier 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062085
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062085-en-fr
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  • 56
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    Sustainable and Excessive Current Account Deficits (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.132
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Large current account deficits are often assumed to play an important role in the propagation of financial crises in emerging markets in receipt of heavy private capital inflows. This paper reaches some major conclusions. First, the Lawson Doctrine — according to which current account deficits that result from a shift in private-sector behaviour should not be a public policy concern — has been discredited by recent currency crises in Latin America and Asia. Second, it is possible to define the size of current account deficits that should be sustainable in the long run. Third, the intertemporal approach to the current account does not provide a reliable benchmark to define when deficits become “excessive”. Fourth, large external deficits should be resisted if unsustainable currency appreciation, excessive risk-taking in the banking system and a sharp drop in private savings are seen to coincide ...
    DOI: 10.1787/808008067635
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  • 57
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    The Growing Role of Private Social Benefits (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.32
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper contains a first analysis of trends in private social benefits within a comparative framework. There is growing interest in the role of the private sector in the provision of social support in the light of concerns about the high level of public social spending. However, up to now, methodological and measurement problems have hampered the collection of cross-country data on private social benefits. The paper develops an appropriate methodological framework for treating this issue. It presents data on private social benefits for six countries for which such data are currently available: Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. Information on trends in public and private social expenditure is drawn together and the pape discusses in more detail spending patterns in two social policy areas where private provision plays an important role: pensions and health. Finally, the impact of the tax system is analysed, and for one year ...
    DOI: 10.1787/804013113766
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  • 58
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    The OECD Jobs Strategy : Progress Report on Implementation of Country-Specific Recommendations (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.196
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi : Rapport sur l'état d'avancement de la mise en oeuvre des recommandations par pays
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: As more countries experience falling structural unemployment, the evidence is mounting that, implemented comprehensively, the OECD Jobs Strategy represents an effective response to countries’ labour market problems. That is the key conclusion to emerge now that the Economic and Development Review Committee (EDRC) has examined progress made by OECD countries over the last year or so in implementing the Jobs Strategy. As reported to the 1997 Ministerial Meeting, the EDRC has fleshed out country-specific recommendations for implementing the Jobs Strategy, a process extended more recently to the new Member countries. Subsequently, the Committee has used these recommendations as a benchmark for assessing the progress made by individual countries. The large majority of countries have been subject to such a follow-up review. Following the request made at last year’s Ministerial Meeting, this report pulls together the lessons learned through the EDRC reviews and, thus, presents an update ...
    DOI: 10.1787/808860634734
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  • 59
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    Long-Run Growth Trends and Convergence Across Indian States (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.131
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: This paper examines the growth performance of Indian States during 1970-94. We, first, propose a grouping of States according to differences in the availability of physical, social, and economic infrastructure, using principal components analysis. Then, combining principal components analysis and panel data estimation techniques, we assess the contribution of various infrastructure indicators to growth performance. The analysis tackles endogeneity issues in the provision of infrastructure by way of instrumental variables estimation for many of the infrastructure indicators. We do find evidence of conditional convergence across States. This does not rule out persistent income inequalities due to the dispersion of steady-state income levels. Such disparities are accounted for by differences, first, in the structure of production, second, in infrastructure endowments, and, third, in Statespecific fixed effects in the growth regression. Consequently, economic policy measures aiming at ...
    DOI: 10.1787/138016038733
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  • 60
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    Main Economic Indicators - Sources and Methods : Domestic Finance Statistics (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This publication provides a detailed description of the sources and methods used by OECD member countries in calculating the monetary aggregates, credit and other measures of domestic finance presented in Main Economic Indicators.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162327-en
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  • 61
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    Efficiency and Distribution in Computable Models of Carbon Emission Abatement (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.192
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The separability between efficiency and equity is an underlying assumption in most computable general equilibrium (CGE) models used to assess the costs of carbon abatement. Chichilnisky and Heal (1994) have generated a debate on both the analytical correctness of this hypothesis as well as its precise policy implications. This technical note aims to clarify the determinants of cost efficiency in standard CGE abatement models. Some simulations are provided illustrating the separability property between an efficient outcome and the distribution of income across countries. In the context of an optimal abatement model, it is also shown under which conditions equity and efficiency are not separable anymore ...
    DOI: 10.1787/840432141271
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    The Link Between Energy and Human Activity (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264181793
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Energy use patterns and trends are shaped by the decisions of hundreds of millions of individuals, households, and organisations. Understanding this complex fabric of energy use, and the consequent carbon dioxide emissions, is vital to developing effective policies in support of energy security, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. This book illustrates how indicators can extract from that fabric the most important links among energy uses, behaviour, the economy, and government policy. It explains how energy use has evolved in the past and what is influencing it now, and provides insights on what could shape it in the future. This represents an important step in better understanding the link between energy use and human activity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264181793-en
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  • 63
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    Key Employment Policy Challenges Faced by OECD Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.31
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD countries as a whole have experienced modest annual output growth of some 2 1/2 per cent over the past four years. But unemployment remains unacceptably high -- having fallen only slightly from its peak of 38 million in 1993 to the current 35 million or 7 per cent of the workforce -- and wage and income disparities have widened in many countries, posing potential risks to social cohesion. These trends have prompted much debate on their causes, consequences and remedies. These are among the issues that the OECD has analyzed and discussed with Member countries since 1992 in the context of its Jobs Strategy work. OECD Ministers have endorsed the Jobs Strategy recommendations and called last May for greater reform efforts. More recently the meeting of OECD Labour Ministers last October emphasised the need for policies for low-paid and unskilled job seekers, enhancing the effectiveness of active labour market policies and lifelong learning to maintain employability, issues ...
    DOI: 10.1787/078213832362
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    Le secteur du logiciel : un profil statistique pour certains pays de l'OCDE (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.33
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Ce document construit un profil statistique d’un des secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) à la croissance la plus rapide, celui des logiciels, et examine quelques aspects importants inhérents à l’économie de l’information. On peut penser que c’est ce secteur des TIC qui est le plus important économiquement, et qu’il est à l’économie fondée sur le savoir ce que les secteurs de l’acier et de l’automobile étaient à l’économie industrielle. D’un point de vue statistique, ce document soulève également des questions qui sont au coeur des changements qui apparaissent alors que se développe l’économie de l’information. De par sa nature intangible, le logiciel est difficile à mesurer et plus facilement sujet à duplication ou piratage.
    DOI: 10.1787/236781432330
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    Valoriser le travail : Fiscalité, prestations sociales, emploi et chômage (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262317
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: La stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'emploi
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262317-fr
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  • 66
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    Libraries and Resource Centres for Tertiary Education (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les bibliothèques et les centres de documentation de l'enseignement tertiaire
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PEB, in co-operation with the Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE), hosted an experts meeting to determine how existing libraries for tertiary education may be adapted and new ones conceived to meet the future needs of the students, institutions and communities concerned.
    DOI: 10.1787/505372733032
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  • 67
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    Social and Health Policies in OECD Countries : A Survey of Current Programmes and Recent Developments (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 163 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les politiques sociales et de santé dans les pays de l'OCDE : Un examen des programmes actuels et des évolutions récentes
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The responses of countries to the OECD Caring World questionnaire, together with other available information, provides a good basis for summarising the main social policy trends with respect to the broad coverage of social protection arrangements, assistance for families, assistance for unemployed people of working age, retirement incomes, health care, long-term care and housing assistance. In terms of the broad coverage of social security measures, the main developments have been some tightening of eligibility, particularly for new migrants, and increased importance of social assistance measures. Countries have responded to concerns about the incidence of social exclusion, often through comprehensive, integrated measures which include income support as well as measures to assist people back into mainstream activities of society. With general family assistance measures, some countries have pursued greater means-testing of benefits, at the same time as some payments have been ...
    DOI: 10.1787/720018345154
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  • 68
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    DAC Guidelines for Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in Development Co-operation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) have long recognised that sustainable development must reflect the needs of women and men. These Guidelines from 1998 aim to advance gender issues in their development co-operation programmes, furthering the contribution of the DAC Expert Group on Women in Development to bringing gender issues to the fore.
    DOI: 10.1787/791d5d28-en
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    Investment Guides: Lithuania 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Investment Guides
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    QG 472
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Since 1991, the Lithuanian Government has instituted a number of reforms which led to an increase in the level of foreign investment. The Investment Guide for Lithuania has been prepared with three objectives in mind : firstly, to identify those areas of economic activity which present opportunities for foreign investors; secondly, to provide the investor with comprehensive information relating to the historical, political, economic, financial and legal framework, essential for sound and secured foreign investment; thirdly, to draw on the experiences of the foreign investors in Lithuania, and to assess the business, investment and regulatory environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163683-en
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    Trends in International Migration (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/migr_outlook-1998-en
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  • 71
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    Science, Technology and Industry Outlook (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    RVK:
    QP 210
    RVK:
    QG 010
    DOI: 10.1787/sti_outlook-1998-en
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  • 72
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    The Steel Market in 1997 and the Outlook for 1998 and 1999 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1998
    DOI: 10.1787/steel_outlook-1998-en
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  • 73
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    Statistical Trends in Transport : 1965/1994 = Annales statistiques de transport : 1965/1994 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062245
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This annual publication sets out the main statistical data concerning the transport sector in the Member countries of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT). For the first time, the reader will find data on the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Moldova. The Czech and Slovak Republics joined the ECMT in 1993 whereas Moldova has been a Member since 1994. Tables cover such topics as investment, infrastructure, rolling stock, human resources, traffic and energy consumption for the different modes of transport.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062245-en-fr
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    Environmental Financing in the Russian Federation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: In Russia, there has been a severe lack of financing for environmental projects in recent years. Traditional sources of financing, such as government budgets, lack resources in this time of crisis, while new sources have yet to develop their potential. How can Russia finance the projects and programmes to tackle its most serious environmental problems? This volume brings together papers from an OECD workshop that assessed the challenges and opportunities of environmental financing in Russia today. Its case studies focus on the regional and local levels of government, which have taken over the main work of implementing environmental policy in Russia today. The book also looks at the water sector, which has traditionally required large public investments. The papers examine how current financial mechanisms can be used more effectively and consider opportunities for new sources of financing in Russia's current transition to a market economy. Furthermore, they point to key areas for reforming Russia's environmental policy framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163119-en
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    Regulatory Reform in the Global Economy : Asian and Latin American Perspectives (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163157
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: As border barriers to international trade and investment continue to be reduced thanks to liberalisation efforts, "behind-the-border" barriers -- which are typically regulations aiming at achieving domestic objectives such as health, safety, environmental or consumer protection -- are increasingly recognised as impeding trade and competition. The OECD project on regulatory reform has undertaken to tackle these new trade problems. This Workshop is aimed at expanding the horizon to dynamic economies outside the OECD area, particularly those in Asia and Latin America. What are the regulatory reform challenges for those economies, and how can they remain competitive in a global economy? How effectively can international mechanisms help them? The discussion revealed that regulatory reform has undoubtedly become a truly "global issue". This proceedings volume examines the role regulatory failures played in Asia's economic crisis, looks at regional trade groupings such as Mercosur and sheds light on the current international debate on food regulation as well as on the latest developments concerning the Information Technology Agreeement (ITA).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163157-en
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    Corporate Governance, State-Owned Enterprises and Privatisation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: How can the efficiency of state-owned enterprises be improved? What effects do privatisation policies have on corporate governance in privatised enterprises? What role do employees play in corporate governance? This report examines these issues and provides recommendations. This publication presents the papers of the OECD conference on "State-Owned Enterprises, Privatisation and Corporate Governance" which took place in Paris on 3 and 4 March 1997. It brings together contributions from different countries highlighting different approaches to governance in state-owned enterprises and the impact of the choice of privatisation method on post-privatisation corporate governance and performance. Special attention is paid to the experience of Canada, France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162730-en
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    SATIF-3 Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities : Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 12-13 May 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162631
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: Particle accelerators have evolved over the last 50 years from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continue to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to the investigation of the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use them for material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. These proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluate advancements and discuss further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162631-en
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    Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie chinoise ; Une perspective historique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie chinoise : Une perspective historique
    Keywords: Development ; Economics
    Abstract: This book is unique in its depth of perspective. It uses a comparative approach to explain why China’s role in the world economy has changed so dramatically in the last thousand years. It concludes that China is likely to resume its natural role as the world’s largest economy by the year 2015, thus regaining the position it had held until the end of the nineteenth century. The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries, but which have not hitherto been available for China. Written by the author of many studies on comparative economic history, including two best sellers for the OECD Development Centre, this book is essential reading for all those who seek to understand the role of China in the world economy, in the past, as well as in the present and the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163553-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Mexico 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: This review of Mexico's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162594-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Australia 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Australie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Australie 1998
    Keywords: Environment ; Australia
    Abstract: This report evaluates Australia's progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162693-en
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    Income Distribution and Poverty in Selected OECD Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 102 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.189
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This working paper presents evidence on changes in income distribution and poverty in thirteen OECD countries over the two decades up to the first half of the 1990s. While country experience has been variable, income and poverty rose in most countries. Both earnings and capital and self employment incomes contributed to these developments, partly offset by an increase in the importance of (progressive) taxes and transfers in total income. Increases in the share of no-worker households appears to have contributed to widening income distribution. Transfers appear to be relatively evenly spread across income groups in a number of countries, reflecting the weight of age-related transfers. An analysis of average incomes and poverty by household type, suggests that the retirement-age population has tended to do better, while younger households and households with children have become less well off and poverty has tended to shift from the old to the young. This mainly reflects ...
    DOI: 10.1787/730801800603
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    Principaux indicateurs économiques - Sources et méthodes : Statistiques sur la main-d'oeuvre et sur les salaires (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262331
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Main Economic Indicators - Sources and Methods; Labour and Wage Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Main Economic Indicators - Sources and Methods: Labour and Wage Statistics
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage fournit une description détaillée des sources et méthodes utilisées par les pays de l’OCDE pour rassembler les indicateurs publiés sur la main-d’œuvre et les salaires figurant dans les Principaux indicateurs économiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262331-fr
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    How Bad Governance Impedes Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.143
    Keywords: Development ; Bangladesh
    Abstract: In 1995/96, 47.5 per cent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. While this represents a decline compared to 62.6 per cent in 1983/84, the absolute number of poor people has in fact increased over the same period. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources for its alleviation than in the failures of governance. These failures consist of a lack of a developmental vision, absence of a commitment that goes beyond rhetoric and that could translate the vision into policies and programmes, and weak capacities at the administrative, technical and political levels to implement such programmes. As a corollary of these failures, successive governments have surrendered ownership over national policy agendas in the field of poverty alleviation to international donors and NGOs. Furthermore, different areas of policy–making have been appropriated by special interest groups pursuing sectional concerns ...
    DOI: 10.1787/466441620275
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    The Netherlands' Study House : New Designs for New Pedagogies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le foyer d'étude aux Pays-Bas : De nouvelles conceptions pour de nouvelles pédagogies
    Keywords: Education ; Netherlands
    Abstract: As a result of feedback by employers and tertiary institutions, an innovative form of “learning architecture” is emerging in secondary schools in the Netherlands. Dutch curriculum authorities decided that an entirely new approach was required. In an environment that is far removed from the traditional classroom, the Study House will give students in the public school system the opportunity to work in teams and set their own tasks, preparing them for higher education and the workplace.
    DOI: 10.1787/485766121470
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: México 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264451346
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 1998
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264451346-es
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  • 86
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    Domestic Causes of Currency Crises : Policy Lessons for Crisis Avoidance (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.136
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The recent currency crises in Latin America and Asia have hit countries with strong macroeconomic fundamentals but weak domestic financial systems. Private capital flows, attracted by disorderly financial liberalisation and exchange rate pegs, reversed abruptly when financial-sector weaknesses became apparent. Often, domestic financial systems have proved too weak a conduit for heavy capital inflows, resulting in declining credit quality and financial vulnerability to speculative currency attacks. Developing countries are therefore advised to pay close attention to indicators of financial vulnerability, in particular to short-term debt levels as a fraction of official foreign exchange reserves, as well as to currency and maturity mismatches in private-sector balance sheets. This paper points to the avenues that can be pursued to avoid a rise in the vulnerability indicators above critical levels ... Some of these avenues are uncontroversial, but deceptively hard to implement. Good ...
    DOI: 10.1787/137464158356
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    Trade Integration with Europe, Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Egypt (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.135
    Keywords: Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: Egypt needs to diversify exports further in order to emerge from its isolation and to draw the maximum advantage from the growth potential offered by trade globalisation. To what extent does the bilateral free trade agreement with the European Union encourage the transition from a rentier economy to one of export-led growth? This paper uses a dynamic, calculable, general equilibrium model to assess different scenarios for the Egyptian economy to the year 2010. The authors reach the conclusion that the preferential trade agreement with Europe should facilitate the transition if the increase in trade results in higher Egyptian productivity through technology transfer and pressure from competition. Under these conditions, the agreement would seem to have a similar impact to that which could be expected from unilateral ...
    DOI: 10.1787/763242724423
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    Submission by the OECD to the G8 Growth, Employability and Inclusion Conference (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.190
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: OECD countries as a whole have experienced modest annual output growth of some 2 1/2 per cent over the past four years. But unemployment remains unacceptably high -- having fallen only slightly from its peak of 38 million in 1993 to the current 35 million or 7 per cent of the workforce -- and wage and income disparities have widened in many countries, posing potential risks to social cohesion. These trends have prompted much debate on their causes, consequences and remedies. These are among the issues that the OECD has analyzed and discussed with Member countries since 1992 in the context of its Jobs Strategy work. OECD Ministers have endorsed the Jobs Strategy recommendations and called last May for greater reform efforts. More recently the meeting of OECD Labour Ministers last October emphasised the need for policies for low-paid and unskilled job seekers, enhancing the effectiveness of active labour market policies and lifelong learning to maintain employability, issues which were ...
    DOI: 10.1787/274368247581
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  • 89
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    Essai n 212: Poisson, essai de toxicité à court terme aux stades de l'embryon et de l'alevin (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070158
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 212; Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cet essai de toxicité à court terme chez le poisson aux stades de l'embryon et de l'alevin consiste à exposer les stades compris entre l'oeuf qui vient d'être fécondé et la fin du stade de l'alevin. Les stades de l'embryon et de l’alevin des poissons sont exposés à cinq concentrations de la substance d'essai dissoute dans l'eau. Selon la nature de la substance d'essai, il est possible d’utiliser un essai semi-statique ou dynamique. L'essai débute quand on place au moins trente oeufs fécondés divisés en nombre égal entre au moins trois compartiments d’essai identiques pour chaque concentration. Il se termine juste avant que le sac vitellin d’une quelconque larve d’un quelconque compartiment ait été complètement absorbé ou avant que les poissons témoins ne meurent d’inanition. Les effets létaux et sublétaux sont évalués et comparés aux valeurs contrôles pour déterminer la concentration minimale avec effet observé et la concentration sans effet observé. Alternativement, ils peuvent être analysés en utilisant un modèle de régression afin d'estimer la concentration qui provoquerait un certain pourcentage d'effet. Le rapport d'étude inclut le comptage quotidien de la progéniture, l'enregistrement quotidien de la mortalité parentale, la mesure hebdomadaire de la concentration en oxygène, de la température, des valeurs du pH, et la détermination des concentrations de la substance d'essai. Elle devrait également inclure les observations d’apparence anormale, de comportement anormal, de l’éclosion et de la survie.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070158-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
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    Sustainable Development : OECD Policy Approaches for the 21st Century (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, sustainability has emerged as an over-arching policy goal in the OECD Secretariat and in its Member countries. Real progress depends upon the integration of environmental and social goals with economic ones. This publication provides an overview and analysis of trends and identifies policy gaps and trade-offs that have been encountered and points to future options. The authors document positive trends which have emerged signalling greater sustainability, as well as areas where progress has proved more elusive. While the main focus is the OECD region, expanding linkages -- among all countries and regions -- form an important part of the story. The coverage of the volume reflects the OECD's diverse subject matter expertise, and some of the interdisciplinary synergies that the Organisation can generate. Part I of this two-part volume concentrates on socio-economic issues, including the integration of economics and environment; trade and environment; changing consumption and production patterns; assessing environmental performance; development co-operation; and the evolution of aid agencies since Rio. Part II takes an in-depth look at nine sectoral issues: energy; transport; agriculture; toxic chemicals; climate change; nuclear energy; urbanisation; biotechnology; and education. In short, this publication gives essential keys to meet the major challengeof the 21st century: helping to make sustainability a reality.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174283-en
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  • 91
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    Les sondages d'opinion au service de la réforme de l'administration publique (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 121 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Documents Sigma no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Opinion Surveys as Input to Administrative Reform
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Le présent rapport étudie l’usage qui est fait des enquêtes d’opinion au bénéfice des réformes de l’administration publique aussi bien dans les pays d’Europe occidentale que dans ceux d’Europe centrale et orientale. Le but recherché est de faire apparaître aux gouvernements de ces derniers pays, et aux fonctionnaires, l’utilité que revêtent les enquêtes d’opinion avant, pendant et après les réformes réalisées dans leur pays et d’en encourager l’utilisation systématique. Jusqu’à l’heure actuelle, les enquêtes d’opinion publique avaient fait l’objet de beaucoup d’attention de nature scientifique, mais surtout pour ce qui touchait aux difficultés de nature méthodologique pour la collecte des données, pour leur analyse et leur interprétation. Il existe également une documentation importante sur les réformes de l’administration publique, aussi bien dans les pays de l’OCDE que dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale. Bien que cette littérature soit d’une utilisation très courante, elle comporte fort peu d’indications sur l’utilisation des enquêtes d’opinion dans le contexte des réformes de l’administration publique. En fournissant une vue d’ensemble de l’utilisation des enquêtes dans les pays occidentaux, mais également des études par pays sur la Hongrie, la Lituanie, et la République tchèque, et en proposant des exemples puisés dans des contextes administratifs différents, cette publication peut offrir une vision très large de la manière selon laquelle les enquêtes sont susceptibles d’apporter une contribution utile aux réformes de l’administration.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml611lw7ls-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 92
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    The Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264189874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Arrangement relatif à des lignes directrices pour les crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This is the 1998 Arrangement. The main purpose of the Arrangement is to provide the institutional framework for an orderly export credit market; it aims to prevent an export credit race in which exporting countries compete on the basis of who grants the most favourable financing terms rather than on the basis of the price and quality of the product. The Arrangement sets limits on the terms and conditions for export credits involving credit terms of two years or more - that is, that are insured, guaranteed, extended, refinanced or subsidised by or through export credit agencies. In addition to providing a framework for official export credits, the Arrangement sets out rules for tied aid and for risk-based premium fees. The Arrangement is a gentlemen's agreement; it is not an OECD legal Act. The Participants to the Arrangement are most OECD Member countries
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264189874-en
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  • 93
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    STI Revue, Volume 1998 Numéro 1 : Politique de l'innovation et de la technologie : nouveaux fondements et nouvelles approches (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263512
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 1; Special Issue on New Rationale and Approaches in Technology and Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1998 Issue 1: Special Issue on New Rationale and Approaches in Technology and Innovation Policy
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263512-fr
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  • 94
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    Preparing Public Administrations for the European Administrative Space (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 193 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Préparation des administrations publiques à l'espace administratif européen
    Keywords: Governance ; European Union
    Abstract: This publication contains an overview of the seminar, background papers — including an inventory of how candidate countries plan to manage European integration — as well as ten points which emerged during the panel discussions of senior negotiators. Chapters have been grouped around the three main topics which the seminar addressed: (1) managing EU affairs; (2) membership negotiations and preparation for accession; and (3) preparing to join the emerging “European Administrative Space”. Ensuring the smooth running of a multi-country seminar away from the SIGMA Secretariat required intense organisational and logistical work. The conference facilities provided by the Greek hosts, together with their sharing of information on what is involved in becoming an EU Member State, and on their efforts in administrative reform, contributed to the seminar’s success. SIGMA wishes to thank Nelli Sakellariadou from the Greek Ministry of the Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation for co-ordinating the event. SIGMA staff Linda Duboscq, Winnie Marshall and Joanne Stoddart provided logistical support, and Michal Ben-Gera, Jacques Fournier and Tony Verheijen developed the programme, wrote background papers and co-chaired the sessions with the Greek hosts. Other background papers and presentations were provided by experts in the field.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6143zd8p-en
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  • 95
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    Canadian Funding Competition for Research Infrastructure (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concours canadien de financement des infrastructures de recherche
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Late last year the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) announced the launch of a national competition for funding infrastructure projects in Canadian research institutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/480542403154
    URL: Volltext
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  • 96
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    Studi economici dell'OCSE: Italia 1999 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264666993
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Italy 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Italie 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Italy 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Italie 1999
    Keywords: Economics ; Italy
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264666993-it
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  • 97
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    Visite de trois bibliothèques scolaires parisiennes (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.1998/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A Visit to Three Parisian School Libraries
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: Un architecte et un bibliothécaire, membres du programme albanais pour le développement de l’enseignement étaient à Paris à l’occasion de la réunion d’experts sur les Bibliothèques et les centres de documentation de l’enseignement tertiaire, organisée par le PEB. Profitant de leur séjour dans cette ville, ils ont visité trois écoles publiques – une école primaire, un collège et un lycée – pour glaner des idées sur la façon de planifier et d’utiliser une bibliothèque en s’inspirant d’exemples français. Ce compte rendu succinct de leur visite illustre des pratiques contemporaines en la matière.
    DOI: 10.1787/474230476287
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  • 98
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    Electronic Commerce : Prices and Consumer Issues for Three Products: Books, Compact Discs and Software (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.32
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Rapid technological advances in information and communication technologies and their widespread diffusion have led some to speculate about "frictionless" economies where transaction costs are nearly zero, barriers to entry and contestability disappear and markets clear instantly.
    DOI: 10.1787/236868513480
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  • 99
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Russian Federation 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Fédération de Russie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Fédération de Russie 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Education is a powerful force in building the new Russia: it can help its citizens meet the challenges of the new, emerging democratic society; develop in its labour force the talents, skills and dispositions required in the new economic and social setting; and harmonise national aims with regional concerns. The challenge to the education system in the Russian Federation is especially great because so many other social and economic systems are undergoing transition and reform simultaneously. Against the present context of fluid and uncertain conditions and significant financial constraint, school policies need to promote and support the adaptation and restructuring of curricula while reinforcing evident strengths in current provision and fostering the development of new, effective partnerships at national, regional and local levels. This report describes the most recent trends in schooling and education policy in the Russian Federation, and analyses the education reform initiatives under way. While supporting the overall policy trends now under way, its recommendations draw attention to particular problems and share new perspectives as well as identify ways to consolidate the ongoing reforms. Recommendations are offered for education goals, access and opportunity for all; curriculum and assessment; teachers and teacher education; reforming vocational and technical education within a changing economy; and management, finance and the role of government.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162860-en
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  • 100
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    21st Century Technologies : Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als 21st century technologies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les technologies du XXIe siècle : Promesses et périls d'un futur dynamique
    DDC: 303.48/3
    RVK:
    QC 344
    Keywords: Technischer Fortschritt ; Sozialer Wandel ; Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Direktinvestition ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: The next few decades hold the prospect of remarkable progress in a wide range of pervasive technologies that are likely to have a profound effect on how we live, work, and spend our leisure time. These technologies are set to revolutionise the worlds of medicine, agriculture, travel, retailing...so much that is familiar in our daily lives. Used wisely, they could be of huge benefit to mankind. Used wrongly, they could mean lost opportunities and unnecessary risks. The challenge for society is immense. What would be the cost of failure to embrace dynamic change? What kind of ethical dilemmas will arise from further breakthroughs in genetic engineering? Will the spread of new technologies create new social divisions? What sort of societies will prove most adept at harnessing the vast technological potential? How can countries best co-operate to maximise the benefits of spillovers? This book reviews the extraordinary promise of technological advances over the next twenty years or so, and assesses some of the key issues -- economic, social, environmental, ethical -- that decision-makers in government, business and society will face in the decades ahead.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163539-en
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