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  • 101
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,6
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: agent‐based modelling ; agent typologies ; behaviour rules ; cluster analysis ; mixed methods ; spatial microsimulation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Information about the spatial patterns of residents is essential, especially when elderly people are involved, as their action range is confined to their residential location. Since knowledge about patterns of elderly people in cities is limited, this paper formulates steps for the initialisation of an agent-based model, combined with different data sources. The first step is to identify different types of elderly people using cluster analysis, and then the clusters are expanded into agent typologies with behaviour rules, which form the basis for an artificial population. The clusters are derived based on survey data and then analysed and modified using insights from census data and expert interviews. The agents' relocation behaviour is estimated based on literature research, expert interviews and a survey. The spatial information of the agents is added with a spatial microsimulation. The resulting artificial population presents the real population well and can be used in an empirically based data-driven agent-based model.
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  • 102
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2022
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Vermögensungleichheit in Paaren ; Lebensverlauf ; Sequenzanalyse ; Erwerbsbiografien ; within-couple gender wealth gap ; life course ; sequence analysis ; employment biographies ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Angesichts von Rentenkürzungen hat Vermögen als Alternative zu gesetzlichen Renten zur Alterssicherung an Bedeutung zugenommen. Vermögen ist jedoch ungleicher zwischen Frauen und Männern verteilt als Einkommen, wobei Frauen ein durchschnittlich niedrigeres Vermögen haben. Diese Ungleichheit existiert auch innerhalb von Paarbeziehungen. Diese Dissertation untersucht, wie Erwerbs- und Ehebiografien mit dem persönlichen Vermögen von verheirateten Frauen und Männern ab 50 Jahren zusammenhängen. Basierend auf der Lebensverlaufsperspektive entwickelt Kapitel 1 ein Modell zum Vermögensaufbau innerhalb von Paaren. Kapitel 2 untersucht Geschlechterunterschiede im individuellen Vermögensaufbau durch Erwerbstätigkeit in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Die Studie zeigt geschlechtsspezifische Wege des Vermögensaufbaus auf, welche sich besonders im traditionellen Wohlfahrtsstaatskontext von Westdeutschland zeigen. Kapitel 3 untersucht, wie Erwerbs- und Ehebiografien von Frauen mit der Verteilung von individuellem und gemeinsamem Vermögen innerhalb von älteren Ehepaaren in Westdeutschland zusammenhängen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass früh verheiratete Paare starke wirtschaftliche Einheiten bilden. Jedoch kann die Ehe Frauen mit geringer Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung nicht vor ökonomischer Abhängigkeit von ihrem Partner im Alter schützen. Kapitel 4 analysiert den Zusammenhang zwischen den Erwerbsbiografien beider Partner und der Vermögensungleichheit innerhalb von älteren Ehepaaren in Großbritannien und Westdeutschland. Die Studie zeigt, dass eine ähnliche Arbeitsteilung zu unterschiedlicher Vermögensungleichheit innerhalb der Paare in beiden Ländern führt, was insbesondere durch die Rolle des Immobilienmarktes erklärt wird. Diese Dissertation verdeutlicht, dass das Zusammenwirken von Geschlecht, Partnerschaft und institutionellem Kontext während des Lebensverlaufs wichtig ist, um die Determinanten von persönlichem Vermögen und der resultierenden Vermögensungleichheit im Alter zu verstehen.
    Abstract: In light of pension reductions, the importance to accumulate wealth as an alternative to pensions for old-age provision has increased. However, wealth is more unequally distributed between genders than income, with women having lower average wealth levels than men. This is also the case in married couples. This dissertation examines how gendered life course experiences of employment and marriage are associated with the personal wealth of married women and men aged 50 and older. Building on the life course framework, Chapter 1 develops a model of personal wealth accumulation within couples. Chapter 2 examines gender differences in individual wealth accumulation through employment in Eastern and Western Germany. The results reveal gendered ways of wealth accumulation, indicating that similar career paths result in different personal wealth outcomes for women and men in the gender-unequal welfare state context of Western Germany. Chapter 3 examines how the interplay of women’s employment and marriage biographies is associated with the ownership structure of sole and joint assets within married couples in later life in Western Germany. The results indicate that early and stably married couples build strong economic units that hold most wealth jointly. However, marriage does not protect women with a low labour market attachment from economic dependency on the partner in old age. Chapter 4 examines the association between married partners’ employment biographies and the within-couple gender wealth gap in later life in Britain and Western Germany. The results indicate that a similar division of labour throughout the life course can result in different levels of within-couple gender wealth inequality in later life across country contexts, particularly depending on the housing system. Overall, this dissertation concludes that the interplay of gender, partnership, and institutional context is important to understand the outcomes of personal wealth accumulation processes.
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  • 103
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  39,4, Seiten 129-143
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 39,4, Seiten 129-143
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: digital capitalism ; Jürgen Habermas ; public sphere ; social media ; structural transformation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This article explores the question of how to understand social media following the Habermasian theory of the structural transformation of the public sphere. We argue for a return to political-economic fundamentals as the basis for analysing the public sphere and seek to establish a characteristic connection between digital-behavioural control and singularised audiences in the context of proprietary markets. In the digital constellation, it is less a matter of immobilising the citizen as a consumer but rather of their political activation – albeit in conditions under which commercial interests have primacy: privatisation without privatism.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 104
    ISBN: 9783868598322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 Seiten)
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: neoliberal restructuring ; neoliberal city ; political polarization ; affordable housing ; housing crisis ; social injustice ; grassroots initiatives ; bottom-up initiatives ; public space ; residents ; urban activism ; right to the city ; neoliberale Stadt ; soziale Ungleichheit ; bezahlbares Wohnen ; Stadt von unten ; soziale Bewegungen ; Stadtaktivismus ; politische Polarisierung ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In the face of uninhibited neoliberal restructuring, Berlin and Istanbul have for the past decade been subject to various forms of political polarization and social injustice. As a result, the struggles for affordable housing, access to public space, fair labor, ecological justice, and the right to live differently have intensified. Various forms of grassroots resistance have put the relationship between local governments and social movements to the test, provoking questions about where and how the city’s political issues emerge. Blending dialogues, essays, and critical reflections, the book investigates the ways in which the residents of Berlin and Istanbul experience, express, and resist the physical, political, and normative reordering of their cities, and asks: Who are We, the City?
    Abstract: Angesichts ihrer ungehemmten neoliberalen Umstrukturierung waren Berlin und Istanbul im letzten Jahrzehnt verschiedenen Formen politischer Polarisierung und sozialer Ungerechtigkeit ausgesetzt. Infolgedessen hat sich der Kampf um bezahlbaren Wohnraum, Zugang zum öffentlichen Raum, faire Arbeitsbedingungen, ökologische Gerechtigkeit und das Recht auf unterschiedliche Lebensformen intensiviert. Verschiedene Formen des Widerstands „von unten“ haben das Verhältnis zwischen lokalen Regierungen und sozialen Bewegungen herausgefordert und hinterfragen, wo und wie die politischen Probleme der Stadt entstehen. In einer Mischung aus Dialogen, Essays und kritischen Reflexionen untersucht dieses Buch die Art und Weise, wie die Bewohner*innen von Berlin und Istanbul die physische, politische und normative Neuordnung ihrer Städte erleben, zum Ausdruck bringen und sich dagegen wehren. Es stellt sich die Frage: Wer ist das Wir in We, the City?
    Note: The publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 105
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Bericht ; Berlin Science Survey ; Questionnaire ; Berlin University Alliance ; Berlin research area ; Science studies ; scientists survey ; Sozialwissenschaften
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  • 106
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  26,2, Seiten 136-152
    ISSN: 1368-4310 , 1368-4310
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 26,2, Seiten 136-152
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Collective learning ; collective will formation ; democracy ; normative theory ; social relations ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The public sphere is the site where the collective will of the people is formed. The thesis is that to the extent that the people are constructed as entities that pre-exist their collective will, the public sphere contributes to fostering the evil among a people and between the people. This is discussed using the cases of nationalism, sovereigntism and populism. The narrative of Pandora’s box provides the analytical leverage for retelling the theory of the public sphere. The story is that after the evils escaped Pandora’s box, hope remained. This leads to two propositions: hope as preventing the closing off of the future of a people and hope as fostering collective learning processes that rectify the evils. These propositions provide the ground for a critical theory of the public sphere in which the force of the better argument is insufficient to explain the capability of a people to rectify the bad. It is a theory in which social relations matter that turn individuals into a people beyond national, statist or populist containers, making a people that is open to define and redefine itself in collective learning processes.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 107
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  29,2, Seiten 285-299
    ISSN: 1474-4740 , 1474-4740
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 29,2, Seiten 285-299
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: exposure ; Pedro Lemebel ; publicness ; public space ; public transport ; Geografie und Reisen ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Developing thoughts on exposure in cultural geography, literary studies, and mobilities research, this article aims to provide a more comprehensive account towards the publicness of public space. What would happen if we assessed publicness not by degrees of openness and inclusion, but through the nexus of vulnerability and complicity that is fundamental to the notion of exposure? To grasp such an intrinsic dualism, our perspective goes towards public transport, where experiences of exposure are intensified by its specific conditions of encapsulation and movement. We illustrate this perspective drawing from the autobiographical chronicles of the Chilean writer Pedro Lemebel, in order to then propose a ‘learning from’ the case of public transport for a rethinking of publicness. Specifically, we argue that exposure provides new insights on agency, power and vulnerability as part of a more processual notion of public space.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 108
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  ,86, Seiten 9-27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2022
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,86, Seiten 9-27
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Rice ; global-local entanglement ; food production systems ; agri-food markets ; Burkina Faso ; Uruguay ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the rice production systems in Burkina Faso and Uruguay and analyze them as two divergent instantiations of global-local entanglements. We trace how global-local entanglements come into being and how seemingly similar practices of entangling result in contrasting configurations. Our empirical material shows how local understandings and concerns, as well as practices of enacting them, are constantly ordered to produce a fit between globalized and situated relations. In the case of the Uruguayan rice sector, these efforts constitute a harmonized, depoliticized web of relations, which prompt for particular kinds of doings and reflections to become unquestioned and preclude others. In Burkina Faso, in turn, comparable efforts and tools do not result in a hegemonic frame of reference but rather amplify divergences and contradictions between different understandings and activities revolving around rice production. Studying these two different orderings of fits between global forms and situated relations sheds light on de-/stabilizations of food systems and the ongoing work they require. Such a processual and comparative perspective allows for a multiplication of stories on global-local entangling. Thus, it goes beyond reproducing clear-cut categorizations and escapes dichotomies, such as the one of market integration and market failure.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 109
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  7
    Language: English
    Publ. der Quelle: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
    Angaben zur Quelle: 7
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Ulrich Beck ; risk society ; individualization ; reflexive modernity ; cosmopolitanism ; methodological cosmopolitanism ; Pierre Bourdieu ; cosmopolitan field ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Current global crises and threats have revealed the growing implications of Ulrich Beck's theory of risk society. Rather than being a theory of risk, risk society theory is more a social theory of the new social world and modernity. Risk society theory encompasses a new social ontology of the social in the era of uncertainties and crises. Beck also proposes the cosmopolitan outlook and particularly methodological cosmopolitanism as the epistemology and methodology of the world risk society. Yet, a close examination of Beck's social theory reveals a contradiction between the two aspects. On the one hand, in the ontological dimension, we are faced with the primacy of the indeterminate and the empirical, but on the other hand, Beck's epistemological prescriptive eliminate the possibility of reaching them. The current article aims to address this incompatibility. In doing so, first, the main pillars of risk society theory, and then the cosmopolitan outlook and sociology are discussed. By criticizing Beck's epistemological apparatus as well as juxtaposing the theory of risk society and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of action and fields, in the final section, the article proposes a solution to complete the ontology of risk society and overcome some of its epistemological problems.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wolfville, Nova Scotia : Resilience Alliance
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,1
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: ecosystem services ; green infrastructure ; Halle ; land use alternatives ; urban regrowth ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Cities that begin to regrow after a long period of decline and land abandonment are under pressure to provide comfortable housing conditions in preferred neighborhoods for their residents. On the other hand, these cities should preserve interim green spaces that result from decline because these spaces are a real treasure for densifying cities. Using the case of the city of Halle in post-socialist Eastern Germany, we explore four land use alternatives for neighborhood development close to what might happen: (1) urban densification, (2) spacious housing, (3) the green city, and (4) the edible city. We seek to discover opportunities for regrowth and sustainable land use development by applying the ecosystem services and green points frameworks to a set of land use transition rules. Land use change has been defined for strategic development areas according to the Master Plan and complementary visions of land change. The results of the study provide highly interesting insights into how both regrowth and greening can be enabled in densifying neighborhoods and what types of green are most effective in providing carbon storage and summer heat regulation. Moreover, gardens, as central elements of the edible city concept, were found to be flexible in implementation in very differently dynamic neighborhoods by providing multi-functional spaces for ecosystem services such as climate regulation, local food production, daily recreation, and nature experience. Results demonstrate that ecosystem services benefit flows increase only in districts where real estate pressure is low. In districts with growing population numbers, green spaces are reduced. This may result in increased injustice in green space availability seeing as we have modeled a recreational space per capita of 〈 9 m² in the Southern Suburb, whereas an increase to almost 70 m² was simulated in the shrinking, prefabricated Newtown. Most importantly, modeling the narratives of the Master Plan in a spatially explicit way demonstrates unused potential for greening in Halle. Thus, we conclude that urban planning should make regular use of such land use alternative to look for hidden combined visions of green and growth in a formerly shrinking city.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 111
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (223 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2022
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie ; Sorgearbeit ; Elterngeld ; Unternehmenskultur ; Homeoffice ; work-family research ; care work ; parental leave ; corporate culture ; working from home ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie ist eine der größten Herausforderungen und gleichzeitig Gelingensbedingung für Geschlechtergerechtigkeit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und im familiären Bereich. Die vorliegende Dissertation verdeutlicht in drei empirischen Papieren die Relevanz von Sorgearbeit für die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Frauen und Männern, sowie die Rolle von Unternehmen für das Unterfangen, berufliche und familiäre Aufgaben zu vereinbaren. Im ersten Papier fragt diese Dissertation nach der Rolle von Haus- und Sorgearbeit sowie ihrer Verteilung im Paar für die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation von Frauen und Männern. Für die Analyse werden Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) der Jahre 2001-2017 herangezogen. Um sich bestmöglich einer kausalen Identifikation anzunähern, werden First- Difference Instrumentalvariablen-Regressionen (FD-IV) geschätzt. Das zweite Papier betrachtet die Gründe von Vätern gegen eine (längere) Elternzeitnahme. Anhand eines Mixed-Methods Forschungsdesigns wird untersucht, welche betrieblichen Determinanten eine (längere) Elternzeitnutzung erklären. Darüber hinaus wird analysiert, ob und in welchem Unternehmenskontext Männer und Frauen Karriereeinbußen nach Elternzeitnutzung erfahren. Die Datenbasis sind qualitative und quantitative Daten einer Zusatzbefragung zum AID:A II Survey. Das dritte Papier untersucht die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Homeoffice-Nutzung und Work-Family Conflicts. Konkret wird analysiert, ob es Unterschiede nach Unternehmenskultur gibt. Auf Grundlage des LPP-ADIAB werden Multilevel-Regressionen mit fixen Effekten für Berufe separat für Männer und Frauen geschätzt. Zusammengefasst belegt die Dissertation geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Herausforderung, Erwerbstätigkeit und private Verpflichtungen in Einklang zu bringen. Darüber hinaus wird die Notwendigkeit von politischen Reformen und der Handlungsbedarf, aber auch die Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Unternehmen verdeutlicht.
    Abstract: Reconciling work and family is one of the greatest challenges and, simultaneously, a precondition for gender equality both in the labor market and in the domestic sphere. In three empirical chapters, this dissertation illustrates the relevance of care work for the labor market participation of women and men, as well as the role of companies in the effort to reconcile work and family responsibilities. In the first paper, this dissertation asks about the role of housework and care and its distribution in the couple for the labor market participation of women and men. The analysis uses data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from 2001-2017 on time use for various household chores as well as childcare and eldercare. First-difference instrumental variable regressions (FD-IV) are estimated to best approximate a causal identification. The second paper examines fathers’ reasons against taking (longer) parental leave. Building on this, a mixed-methods research design is used to investigate which firm-level determinants explain (longer) parental leave use by men and women. Furthermore, it analyzes whether, and in which company contexts, men and women experience perceived career setbacks after taking parental leave. The database is qualitative and quantitative data from a supplementary survey to the AID:A II. The third paper investigates the question of the relationship between working from home and work-family conflicts. Specifically, it analyzes whether there are differences according to corporate culture. Based on the LPP-ADIAB, multilevel regressions with occupation fixed effects are estimated separately for men and women. Overall, the dissertation demonstrates gender-specific differences in the challenge of reconciling gainful employment and private obligations. In addition, it points out the necessity of political reforms and the need for action, but also the potential for companies to shape these changes.
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  • 112
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (123 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2022
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Migration ; Grenzkontrolle ; Grenzbefestigung ; Migrationspolitik ; Migration ; Border control ; Border fortification ; Migration policy ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Die Dissertation untersucht die Kontrolle von Mobilität an fortifizierten Grenzen. Auch in Zeiten der Globalisierung steigt die Zahl von Grenzzäunen weltweit rapide an. Während Grenzbefestigungen in der Vergangenheit oft mit militärischen Konflikten in Verbindung standen, dienen sie heute in erster Linie der Kontrolle von Mobilität. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklungen analysiert die Arbeit vier Fallstudien: die ungarisch-serbische, die US-amerikanisch-mexikanische, die pakistanisch-indische und die algerisch-marokkanische Grenze. Ausgehend von der Frage, wie an befestigten Grenzen Mobilität kontrolliert wird, werden die Funktionsweisen von Grenzen herausgearbeitet. Die Arbeit besteht aus drei Artikeln. Der erste untersucht anhand der ungarisch-serbischen Grenze die Wirkung der Fortifizierung auf Migrationskontrolle und Innenpolitik und betont darüber hinaus die Bedeutung der internationalen Verflechtungen dieser Grenze. Der zweite Beitrag vergleicht zwei Zäune, den US-amerikanischen und den ungarischen. Er untersucht Migrationskontrolle mit einem Fokus auf Asyl und zeigt, dass die Grenzzäune hier eine materielle, eine symbolische und eine Filterfunktion erfüllen. Sie dienen dazu, MigrantInnen am Überschreiten der Grenze zu hindern und damit den Zugang zu Asyl zu beschränken. Der dritte Artikel vergleicht alle vier Fälle. Der Artikel kommt zu dem Schluss, dass befestigte Grenzen Ungleichheiten sowohl auf globaler als auch auf lokaler Ebene verstärken und dabei sowohl MigrantInnen als auch die Grenzbevölkerung marginalisieren. Zusammenfassend untersucht die Dissertation Grenz- und Migrationskontrolle und analysiert dabei die Gründe für die Grenzbefestigungen ebenso wie deren Kontext und Auswirkungen. Befestigte Grenzen verstärken durch Kontrolle und Filtern von Mobilität verschiedene Formen von Ungleichheit und Marginalisierung. Da Grenzen weltweit immer stärker fortifiziert werden, sind diese Themen von größter Aktualität.
    Abstract: This dissertation investigates mobility control at fortified borders. Border fortifications are on the rise today and will most probably shape the future of nation states and global mobility. Whereas in the past border fences were often associated with military conflict, the new walls are mostly designed to control and filter mobility. In light of these developments, the thesis analyzes four case studies, namely the Hungarian-Serbian, the U.S. American-Mexican, the Pakistani-Indian and the Algerian-Moroccan borders. Starting with the question of how fortified borders control mobility, it provides an extensive analysis of the control function of borders. The thesis is comprised of three papers. The first examines the Hungarian-Serbian border, highlighting the topics of migration control and domestic politics as well as the international entanglements of this border. The second paper compares two fences, namely the U.S. American and the Hungarian. It examines migration control with a focus on the issue of asylum and shows that fortifications fulfil a material, a symbolical and a filtering function in order to prevent refugees from crossing the border, thereby restricting access to asylum. The third article compares all four cases. It concludes that fortified borders increase inequalities on both the global and the local level, triggering severe social and human effects on both migrants and border populations. In sum, the dissertation explores the topics of border control, selectivity, power relations and inequality by analyzing four fortified borders. It sheds light on different aspects of border control, including the reasons for fortifications as well as their context and impact. It argues that by controlling and filtering mobility, fortified borders sustain and reinforce different forms of inequality and marginalization. As the world’s borders are becoming more and more fortified, these topics are highly relevant and require further research.
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  • 113
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI AG
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19,12
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: sex ; gender ; intersectionality ; scoping review ; operationalisation ; quantitative health research ; epidemiology ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Medizin und Gesundheit
    Abstract: Current trends in quantitative health research have highlighted the inadequacy of the usual operationalisation of sex and gender, resulting in a growing demand for more nuanced options. This scoping review provides an overview of recent instruments for the operationalisation of sex and gender in health-related research beyond a concept of mutually exclusive binary categories as male or masculine vs. female or feminine. Our search in three databases (Medline, Scopus and Web of Science) returned 9935 matches, of which 170 were included. From these, we identified 77 different instruments. The number and variety of instruments measuring sex and/or gender in quantitative health-related research increased over time. Most of these instruments were developed with a US-American student population. The majority of instruments focused on the assessment of gender based on a binary understanding, while sex or combinations of sex and gender were less frequently measured. Different populations may require the application of different instruments, and various research questions may ask for different dimensions of sex and gender to be studied. Despite the clear interest in the development of novel sex and/or gender instruments, future research needs to focus on new ways of operationalisation that account for their variability and multiple dimensions.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 114
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  57,3, Seiten 399-415
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 57,3, Seiten 399-415
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: dualization ; flexible working hours ; working‐time regimes ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: Working‐time regimes structure time‐use and (gender) inequality, but processes shaping the availability of flexible working‐hours arrangements remain poorly understood. This study adopts a longitudinal perspective to investigate change in the provision of long‐ and short‐term working‐time accounts by firms in Germany between 2002 and 2016. In this period, flexibility policies became more common, but union coverage declined, motivating the question: Are unions losing their influence on working‐time arrangements? And if so, is availability increasingly determined by firms' agency? Dualization theory implies that while unions have a narrowing sphere of influence, their collective bargaining power remains intact. By contrast, the classical assumption is that reduced coverage leads to a reduced bargaining power. A third line of argument holds that where unions' influence declines, firms' agency driven by factors such as competition for skilled employees or the need to retain female employees becomes more important. Using the German IAB Establishment Panel this study decomposes the overall expansion of flexibility policies in parts accruing to changes in firms' behaviour and changes in industrial relations and labour market conditions. The study finds that increased competition for employees contributed to better working conditions. The penalty for firms employing a high share of women decreased slightly, but not for the most legally protected policies. Erosion of collective bargaining is found to have a small negative impact on working‐time arrangements. Overall, the findings confirm that despite a diminished sphere of influence, union's bargaining power remained relatively stable.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0042-0980 , 0042-0980
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage Publications Ltd.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 60,10, Seiten 1949-1967
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: belonging ; neighbourhood ; public familiarity ; 归属感 ; 邻里 ; 公众熟悉度 ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Urban scholars commonly expect that residents show more neighbourhood belonging, the longer they live in an area. An imagery of fixed settlements thus remains dominant in a rapidly changing world. Recent research challenged classic assumptions but the alternative of elective belonging hardly differentiated between symbolic and practical neighbourhood use. As belonging is performatively maintained, this differentiation may be needed. What defines residents’ belonging in a neighbourhood in digital mobile times? Does length of residence alone result in place-based practices, familiarity with other people and ultimately in more belonging? Our analyses of survey-data from four Berlin neighbourhoods show that length of residence correlates with belonging, but not in a simple linear way. The use of infrastructure and especially public familiarity, which depends on the settlement as specific historical configuration, affect this relationship.
    Abstract: 城市学者普遍认为,居民在一个地区居住的时间越长,就越有邻里归属感。因此,固定定居点的意象在瞬息万变的世界中仍然占主导地位。最近的研究对经典假设提出了质疑,但选择性归属的替代方案 几乎没有区分象征性和实际的邻里功能。由于归属感是通过行动来维持的,因此可能需要对它们进行区分。在数字化、移动化时代,如何定义居民对社区的归属感?仅仅长时间的居住就会带来基于地方的实践、与他人的熟悉并最终带来更多的归属感?我们对柏林四个街区的调查数据进行了分析,发现居住时间长短与归属感相关,但并非以简单的线性方式相关。基础设施的使用,尤其是公众熟悉度,会影响这种关系。而公众熟悉度取决于作为特定历史配置的定居点。
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  • 116
    ISSN: 1367-5494 , 1367-5494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : SAGE Publications
    Angaben zur Quelle: 25,4, Seiten 1047-1065
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: criminalisation ; drug use ; Europe ; HIV/AIDS ; human ; humanitarianism ; migration ; monster ; prisons ; sex work ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: We use the concept of the ‘monster’ in this article as an analytical tool to grasp a variety of persons who – understood to be criminals in their countries of residence, and living with or thought to be particularly vulnerable to HIV – are perceived as threats from across the European region. Building on the field of monster studies, we focus here on strategies undertaken to shift the ‘monstrous’ towards the ‘human’ along what we describe as monster–human continuums. Relying on ethnographic fieldwork from Germany, Poland and Greece, four case studies examine processes of (re-)humanisation in the fields of migration, prisons, drug use and sex work that emerge at the intersections of humanitarianism, public health, human rights and citizenship. In particular, we propose that these strategies can entail the production of dissimilar forms of political subjectivity, the redistribution of responsibility or vulnerability and a reshuffling of blame within the moral economy of innocence and guilt – strategies that produce particular norms and forms of the human. These strategies, moreover, involve the normalisation or suppression of ‘abnormal’, ‘irrational’ or ‘guilty’ dimensions of criminalised subjects, thereby taming their capacity to confuse or confront societies’ worldviews, and ultimately foreclosing the possibility to imagine a being-in-the-world otherwise. We thus conclude by asking how embracing the monstrous might facilitate the navigation of cultural, social and moral anxieties that leave room for complex and conflicting practices and subjectivities.
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  • 117
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2022
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,85, Seiten 87-98
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Dayton Meantime ; temporality ; Europeanization ; Yugostalgia ; Bosnien und Herzegowina ; Dayton Meantime ; Zeitlichkeit ; Europäisierung ; Jugostalgie ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The aim of this ethnographic paper is to map the traces of temporality in everyday practices of energy and environment professionals in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). In line with current anthropological research in the region, we aim to illustrate how clear divisions of time in BiH between post-socialism, post-war and an undetermined Europeanization process do not adequately address the nuances of multiple temporalities the interlocutors reference. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in state institutions, we attempt to understand what living in the post entails for civil servants in BiH’s energy and environment sector. Specifically, we look at how temporal markers relate to the Dayton Meantime (Jansen 2015), especially in the context of Europeanization and Yugostalgia. Discussing the analytic productivity of postsocialism, working out certain (dis-)continuities, we focus on how civil servants employ references of Europeanization and Yugostalgia as temporal markers through which they make sense of their past, present and future.
    Abstract: Dieser ethnografische Beitrag arbeitet Spuren der Zeitlichkeit in Alltagsverständnissen von Beamt*innen in Bosnien und Herzegowinas (BiH) Energie- und Umweltsektor heraus um zu verstehen, was living in the post für sie bedeutet. Basierend auf ethnografischer Feldforschung in staatlichen Institutionen kontrastieren wir etablierte zeitliche, periodische Klassifizierungen wie Postsozialismus und Nachkriegszeit mit einem kontingenten Europäisierungsprozess des Staates. Ausgehend von anthropologischer Forschung in der Region welche aufzeigt wie diese Zeiteinteilungen von Alltagspraktiken herausgefordert werden, zeigen wir auf wie Beamt*innen stattdessen Europäisierung und Jugostalgie als zeitliche Marker referenzieren um Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft zu ordnen. Gleichzeitig diskutieren wir die Beziehung dieser referenzierten Nuancen multipler Zeitlichkeiten und wie sich dies analytisch zur Dayton Meantime (Jansen, 2015) und der analytischen Produktivität von Postsozialismus verhält.
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  • 118
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    ISBN: 9783839464090
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (325 Seiten)
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Diversity ; Museums ; Heritage ; Anthropology ; Ethnography ; Memory Culture ; Cultural Management ; Museum ; Museum Management ; Postcolonialism ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Museumswissenschaft (Museologie)
    Abstract: The museum and heritage sector has been shaken by debates over how to address colonialism, migration, Islamophobia, LGBTI+ and multiple other forms of difference. This major multi-researcher ethnography of museums and heritage in Berlin provides new insight into how ›diversity‹ is understood and put into action in museums and heritage. Exploring new initiatives and approaches, the book shows how these work – or do not – in practice. By doing so, it highlights ways forward – for research and action – for the future. The fieldwork locations on which this book is based include the Humboldt Forum, the Museum of Islamic Art, the Museum für Naturkunde, and the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, as well as Berlin streets and protests.
    Note: The publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 119
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    ISBN: 9789461664242
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (321 Seiten)
    DDC: 069
    Keywords: Ethnologisches Museum ; Ethnologisches Museum (Körperschaft) ; Ethnologisches Museum Berlin. Afrikasammlung ; Kolonialismus ; Kolonialausstellung ; Völkerkundliche Ausstellung ; Humboldt-Forum (Berlin) ; Sammlung ; Museumswissenschaft (Museologie) ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Reckoning with colonial legacies in Western museum collections What are the possibilities and limits of engaging with colonialism in ethnological museums? This book addresses this question from within the Africa department of the Ethnological Museum in Berlin. It captures the Museum at a moment of substantial transformation, as it prepared the move of its exhibition to the Humboldt Forum, a newly built and contested cultural centre on Berlin’s Museum Island. The book discusses almost a decade of debate in which German colonialism was negotiated, and further recognised, through conflicts over colonial museum collections. Based on two years of ethnographic fieldwork examining the Museum’s various work practices, this book highlights the Museum’s embeddedness in colonial logics and shows how these unfold in the Museum’s everyday activity. It addresses the diverse areas of expertise in the Ethnological Museum – the preservation, storage, curation, and research of collections – and also draws on archival research and oral history interviews with current and former employees. Working through Colonial Collections unravels the ongoing and laborious processes of reckoning with colonialism in the Ethnological Museum’s present – processes from which other ethnological museums, as well as Western museums more generally, can learn. With a preface by Sharon Macdonald.
    Note: The publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 120
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (371 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2022
    DDC: 301
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Sozio-territoriale Konflikte ; Modernität ; Transmodernität ; Interkulturalität ; Politische Ontologie ; Socio-territorial conflicts ; modernity ; transmodernity ; interculturality ; political ontology ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Obwohl sozio-territoriale Konflikte sich in vielfältigen Kämpfen um Ressourcen, Raum und Umweltbedingungen manifestieren können, vertritt diese Forschung die These, dass sozio-territoriale Konflikte nicht auf diese Aspekte beschränkt sind, sondern eine ontologische Dimension beinhalten. In diesem Sinne geht es im Golf von Tribugá um die Existenzbedingungen und die Interaktionen zwischen den bestehenden Entitäten entsprechend ihrer Ontologie sowie um die Rolle, die jede Entität bei der Konstituierung des Territoriums als eine entstehende und sich ständig verändernde Kategorie spielt. Um diesen ontologischen Disput zu verstehen, kontrastiert diese Arbeit die Unterschiede und Überschneidungen zwischen Developmentalismus - der jüngsten Manifestation des Projekts der westlichen Moderne -, nachhaltigem Developmentalismus und lokalen Lebensweisen, Interaktionen und Praktiken am Golf von Tribugá. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Untersuchung einige Strategien auf, mit denen lokale Kollektive sich bestimmte abstrakte Universalismen der Moderne aneignen, sie durch die Brille ihrer eigenen Erfahrungen transformieren und so ein transmodernes und interkulturelles Territorium gestalten und verwirklichen. Transmodernität und Interkulturalität als wirtschaftlicher, sozialer und politischer Horizont impliziert die Überwindung einer Vielzahl von Konzepten, die mit der europäischen Erkenntnistheorie in Verbindung gebracht werden und die derzeit weltweit eine hegemoniale Position einnehmen. Somit beinhaltet der Kampf für einen transmodernen und interkulturellen Horizont die Infragestellung einiger der erkenntnistheoretischen und ontologischen Grundlagen dessen, was gemeinhin als "Modernität" definiert wird.
    Abstract: Although socio-territorial conflicts might materialise through multiple struggles over resources, space and environmental conditions, the main argument of this research is that, rather than being limited to such resources or environmental conditions, socio-territorial disputes have an ontological dimension. With this in mind, what is at stake in the Gulf of Tribugá are the conditions of existence and the interactions between existing entities according to their ontology, as well as the role each entity plays in the constitution of the territory as an emerging and constantly changing category. To understand this ontological dispute, this research contrasts the differences and partial connections between developmentalism – the most recent manifestation of the project of western modernity – and local forms of inhabiting, interacting with and enacting the Gulf of Tribugá. On top of that, the research highlights some strategies through which local collectivities, by appropriating specific abstract universalisms of modernity and concretising them through the lenses of their own experiences, propose and enact a transmodern and intercultural territory. Transmodernity and interculturality as an economic, social and political horizon implies breaking up with most of the notions mainly associated with European epistemology, which are currently hegemonic all over the globe. Struggling towards a transmodern and intercultural horizon entails questioning some of the epistemological and ontological fundaments of what is commonly defined as “modernity”.
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  • 121
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 38,1-2, Seiten 1473-1493
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: cultural contexts ; disclosure of domestic violence ; domestic violence ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Large-size studies on the prevalence of female intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization in Germany are rare and partly outdated; representative data on male IPV victimization are lacking altogether. The present survey addresses these gaps. For this study, the instrument of the WHO Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence has been translated to German and adapted to be used with females and males. A random route procedure in selecting household addresses has been used to gather data on IPV in combination with an omnibus survey on (mental) health issues. A total 2,503 respondents with a minimum age of 14 years have participated (response rate=44.1%). The resulting distribution of age and gender was representative for the German population above the age of 14 years. A total of 57.6% of female participants and 50.8% of male participants have reported victimization by intimate partners during their lifespan; gender distribution differs significantly (Chi2=43.43; p〈0.001). Out of the different documented subtypes, psychological IPV was most prevalent (53.6% in females, 48.0% in males). Other forms ranged between 15.2% (physical IPV) and 18.6% (sexual IPV) for females, and 5.5% (sexual IPV) and 10.8% (physical IPV) for males. All forms of victimization regularly coincided, both in females and males. Experiencing any IPV was not only significantly associated with female gender, but also with older age, periods of unemployment, poverty, and IPV perpetration. The findings highlight the still much needed global efforts to prevent IPV against women – and in general. They further support previous research in underlining that fighting poverty might also be instrumental in reducing the likelihood of IPV. The discussion further addresses the issues of reciprocity in IPV.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (360 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2022
    DDC: 199
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Mauna Kea ; Kaho'olawe ; Kapwa ; Aloha 'Āina ; Hawai'i ; Philippinen ; Indigene Rechte ; Klimagerechtigkeit ; Haudenosaunee Konföderation ; Black Panther Party ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Interkommunalismus ; Hawai'i ; Philippines ; Indigenous Rights ; Climate Justice ; Haudenosaunee Confederacy ; Black Panther Party ; Social Justice ; Intercommunalism ; Philosophie in anderen geografischen Gebieten ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Literaturen nichtaustronesischer ozeanischer Sprachen, austronesischer Sprachen, verschiedener anderer Sprachen
    Abstract: In der hawaiianischen Vorstellung steht das Land in einer Kinship- oder Verwandtschaftsbeziehung als lebendes und atmendes Familienmitglied, von dem man abstammt. Aloha 'Aina („Liebe zum Land“) ist eine Onto-Epistemologie der Indigenen auf Hawai'i, analog zu anderen gemeinschaftlichen Organisationsformen, die Mensch, Nicht-Mensch und Natur als miteinander verbunden betrachten, wie etwa im Glauben der Haudenosaunee. Anstatt Aloha 'Aina als eine Methode der „dekolonialen Klimagerechtigkeit“ zu präsentieren, die im globalen Norden nachgeahmt werden soll, und damit Aloha 'Aina von jenem „Land“ zu entfernen, theoretisiere ich ein ortsbezogenes Konstrukt, das ich „Spirit of Relationality“ nenne. Ich verknüpfe das hawaiianische Aloha 'Aina mit der politischen Theorie des Interkommunalismus des Black Panther Huey P. Newton, um dekoloniale Formen globaler Klimagerechtigkeit für nicht-Indigene Positionalitäten zu entwickeln. Der Zweck dieser Verbindung war es, den „Geist“ innerhalb der postmarxistischen Theorien neu zu verorten, wie sie von Vanessa Watts (Haudenosaunee & Anishinaabe) kritisiert werden, da dieser Geist für eurozentrische Perspektiven entfernt wurde. Indem ich hawaiianische Geschichten und zeitgenössische Poesie analysiere, vergleiche ich auch Vorstellungen von lokalem Glauben anderswo, wie auf den Philippinen und im Ästuargebiet, durch die Verbundenheit des Pazifiks und von fluidem Wasser und Luft. Metaphern von Spirit/Geist und Kinship, sowie eine materialistische Analyse des Antikolonialismus und der Arbeiterbewegung auf Hawaii führten dazu, dass ich meine eigenen Konzepte als „Pneumaterialismus“ bezeichnete. Dies ergibt sich aus der Metaphorik von „pneuma“ als liminaler Geist und hawaiianischem „ea“ („Atem,“ „Leben,“ „Wiederaufleben“), mit Wortspielen zur Metaphysik und Antagonismen zwischen Materialismus/Materie und Idealismus. Die Dynamik interkultureller und organischer Symbiosen und indigener Solidaritäten bildet ebenfalls die Grundlage dieser Metaphern.
    Abstract: In Indigenous Hawaiian conceptualization land is relational, a living and breathing family member that one is descended from. Aloha 'Aina (“love of the land”) is an Indigenous way of knowing and being in Hawai'i, analogous to other communal forms of organization that consider human, non-human, and nature as interrelated, such as in Haudenosaunee beliefs. Instead of presenting Aloha 'Aina as a method of “decolonial climate justice” to emulate within the global North, and thus remove Aloha 'Aina from its land, I theorize a place-based construct I call “spirit of relationality.” I connect Hawaiian Aloha 'Aina with Black Panther Huey P. Newton’s political theory of Intercommunalism towards decolonial forms of global climate justice for non-Indigenous positionalities. The purpose of this connection was to relocate “spirit” within post-Marxist theories, as critiqued by Vanessa Watts (Haudenosaunee & Anishinaabe) of having been removed for Eurocentric perspectives. Analyzing Hawaiian stories and contemporary poetry, I also compare notions of localized beliefs elsewhere, such as in the Philippines and in the estuary space, through the connectedness of the Pacific Ocean, in-flux waters, and air. Metaphors of spirit/ghost and kinship, as well as materialist analysis of anticolonialism and labor organizing in Hawai'i, led to labelling my own concepts as “Pneumaterialism.” This is from metaphors of “pneuma” as in-between spirit and Hawaiian “ea” (“breath,” “life,” “resurgence”), with wordplay on metaphysics and antagonisms between materialism/matter and idealism. Dynamics of intercultural and organic symbiosis and Indigenous solidarities also ground these metaphors.
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  • 123
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  2,4, Seiten 441-456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 2,4, Seiten 441-456
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: youth ; labor market ; unemployment ; South Africa ; religion ; social capital ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: South Africa continues to be marked by high youth unemployment. This paper investigates youth labor market perspectives in northern South Africa in the light of data from the Livelihoods, Religion and Youth Survey. In addition to standard explanatory variabless of labor market outcomes, it explores whether the ‘soft’ factors of social capital and religion might contribute to youth’s labor market success. Methodologically, the study draws on descriptive statistics and the estimation of linear probability models. The results indicate that religious social capital goes along with improved labor market success, while there is no indication in the data that (non-religious) social capital or religiosity are positively correlated with labor market performance among the youth in the sample. The social capital created in religious communities seems to contribute to youth labor market success. Further research should investigate how these structures can serve as models for the improvement of government interventions aiming at improving youth labor market outcomes. Moreover, the results are in line with the findings of previous research on spatial mismatches in the labor market and highlight the need for job creation, particularly in rural areas.
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  • 124
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2022
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,85, Seiten 33-47
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: political imagination ; postsocialism ; decolonial imagination ; failure ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Politische Imagination ; Postsozialismus ; dekoloniale Imagination ; Scheitern ; Bosnien und Herzegowina ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This paper retraces the political imagination in the background of an activist-artistic-scholarly project of commemorating socialist heritage in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It suggests that more analytical attention needs to be paid to the coevalness of postsocialism. As a growing body of literature demonstrates, postsocialism can provide inspiration for imagining utopian futures. However, this orientation towards the future is not all there is to its political imagination. The main argument of the paper is that postsocialist political imagination is an epistemological and political project of re-describing the failures – those of socialist modernity as well as of the contemporary postsocialist moment – in a way that acknowledges disappointment, but still makes it possible to act. With its focus on redescribing present failures, it differs from decolonial political imagination, which is a project of prescribing new models, blueprints, and examples for how to organize reality beyond the hegemonic concepts and institutions that have been developed within the modernity/coloniality nexus. While postsocialist and decolonial political imaginations are interwoven in complex ways, since both are critical epistemological and political projects, there are important differences between them and one cannot and should not be reduced to the other.
    Abstract: In diesem Beitrag wird die politische Imagination nachgezeichnet, die den Hintergrund für ein aktivistisch-künstlerisch-wissenschaftliches Projekt mit dem Namen "Mostar's Hurqualya" bildet, das an das sozialistische Erbe des Partisanenfriedhofs in Mostar, Bosnien und Herzegowina, erinnert. Die Hauptthese des Beitrags lautet, dass die postsozialistische politische Imagination ein erkenntnistheoretisches und politisches Projekt zur Neubeschreibung des Scheiterns – sowohl des Scheiterns der sozialistischen Moderne als auch des gegenwärtigen postsozialistischen Moments – darstellt, und zwar in einer Weise, die die Enttäuschung anerkennt, aber dennoch die Möglichkeit zum Handeln zulässt. Mit seinem Schwerpunkt auf der Neubeschreibung des Scheiterns unterscheidet sich der Beitrag möglicherweise von einer dekolonialen politischen Imagination. Er wird als ein Projekt verstanden, das neue Modelle, Entwürfe und Beispiele dafür vorgibt, wie die Realität jenseits der hegemonialen Konzepte und Institutionen organisiert werden kann, die im Rahmen des Zusammenhangs von Moderne und Kolonialität entstanden sind. Postsozialistische und dekoloniale politische Imaginationen sind zwar auf komplexe Weise miteinander verwoben, da es sich bei beiden um kritische epistemologische und politische Projekte handelt, es gibt jedoch auch Unterschiede zwischen ihnen.
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  • 125
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (217 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2022
    DDC: 301
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Immigration ; Geflüchtete ; Generationen ; Kohorten ; Gruppenkonflikt ; Einstellungen zu Zuwanderung ; Immigration ; Refugees ; Cohorts ; Attitudes toward immigrants ; Group conflict ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Diese Dissertation untersucht die Determinanten für Veränderungen in der öffentlichen Meinung zu Zugewanderten und Geflüchteten. Im Mittelpunkt steht die ungeplante Zuwanderung Geflüchteter in den Jahren 2015/16. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf Deutschland, erforscht aber auch den breiteren europäischen Kontext. Erkenntnisse aus Mehrebenenanalysen, Längsschnittdaten und exklusiv erhobenen Geodaten tragen zur bisherigen Forschung bei und helfen, Schlussfolgerungen zu ziehen, wie Zuwanderung in Aufnahmegesellschaften besser gesteuert werden kann. Das erste empirische Kapitel zeigt, dass der Prozess der Generationenablösung in Deutschland nicht zu einem stetig toleranteren und offeneren Meinungsklima gegenüber Zugewanderten führt. Vielmehr ist ein Generationenverlauf zu beobachten, der nicht linear verläuft, sondern schwankend. Außerdem führen die gegenwärtigen Veränderungen der makroökonomischen Bedingungen zu keinen wesentlichen Veränderungen in den Einstellungen einer Generation. Ein Anstieg an Schutzsuchenden in Deutschland führt jedoch zu einer etwas restriktiveren Haltung zu Zugewanderten. Das zweite empirische Kapitel zeigt, dass die Zunahme der Zuwanderung aus verschiedenen Herkunftsländern unterschiedliche Reaktionen in den westlichen EU-Gesellschaften hervorruft. Während der Anstieg der Einwanderungsraten von EU-Bürgern keine signifikante Rolle bei der Veränderung der Einstellung der Einheimischen spielt, erweist sich die zunehmende Einwanderung aus Ländern des globalen Südens und von Geflüchteten als stabiler Prädiktor für eine ablehnendere Haltung der Kohorten. Das dritte empirische Kapitel liefert kaum Belege dafür, dass eine Geflüchtetenunterkunft in unmittelbarer Nähe mit den Einstellungen oder Verhaltensweisen der Einheimischen verbunden ist. Weder aktuelle Bedrohungswahrnehmungen noch erhöhte Kontaktmöglichkeiten durch die Anwesenheit einer Unterkunft in der Nähe haben einen nachhaltigen Effekt auf die Einstellungen der lokalen Bevölkerung.
    Abstract: This dissertation offers comprehensive study on the determinants for changes in public opinion toward immigrants and refugees. Centered around the unplanned immigration of large numbers of refugees in 2015/16, it focuses on Germany but additionally examines the broader context of Europe. Insights from multilevel analysis, longitudinal data and exclusively collected geo-data contribute to previous research and help to find conclusions on how to moderate and manage immigration in host societies. The first empirical chapter concludes that the process of generational replacement in Germany will not lead to a steadily more tolerant and open climate of opinion toward immigrants. Youngest cohorts in east Germany feel equally, and in west Germany increasingly threatened by immigration in comparison to their immediate predecessors. Moreover, current changes in macro-economic conditions do not lead to substantial changes in a generation’s attitudes. An increase in the number of people seeking protection in Germany, however, leads to somewhat more restrictive attitudes toward immigrants. The second empirical chapter shows that increases in immigration from different origin-backgrounds evoke dissimilar reactions within western EU host societies. While increases in immigration rates of EU citizens do not play a significant role in changing natives’ sentiments, rising immigration from countries in the Global South and refugees proves to be a stable predictor of cohorts’ attitudes to become more disapproving. The third empirical chapter finally provides little evidence that the presence of a refugee accommodation in close proximity is associated with locals’ attitudes or behavioral patterns toward refugees in Germany. Neither current threat-perceptions nor increased contact opportunities due to the presence of a refugee accommodation nearby have a lasting effect on locals’ attitudes. Sociotropic concerns at the societal level seem to outweigh actual affectedness at the local level.
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  • 126
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  17,1, Seiten 52-67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17,1, Seiten 52-67
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Sufism ; food ; taste ; dhawq ; gender ; sexuality ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Attitudes toward food and eating are an often-neglected area of Sufi thought and practice. In this article, I analyze medieval Sufi food practices as a mode of piety. In doing so I focus on distinctions between pleasure and pain brought on by food consumption and abstention, and the gestures that accompany these experiences. By focusing on Sufism from the 11th-13th centuries CE, this article traces Sufi approaches to food through theoretical, practical, and hagiographical texts over time. I first detail the interconnection between the body and mystical experience in Sufi theory, before moving on to a discussion of more practical approaches to food consumption. I then consider Sufi narratives involving food and its connection to sex and gender before turning to questions of food habits and belonging. In doing so I intend to highlight how Sufi food practices played a significant role in embedding pious bodily habits within Sufi communities.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (259 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 300
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Mode ; Luxus ; Ethik ; Konsum ; Sustainability ; fashion ; luxury ; ethical ; consumption ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Im 21. Jahrhundert, die digitale EinzelhandelsTransparenz und die zunehmende weltweite Ungleichheit brachten eine neue Konsumkategorie: Humanistic Luxury. Diese Verbraucherkategorie von Produkten und Dienstleistungen richtet sich an gebildete Verbraucher der Mittelschicht und verspricht die Möglichkeit Status Güter zu erwerben und gleichzeitig an humanitären Bemühungen teilzunehmen. Ein Oxymoron, das wert ist, untersucht zu werden. Um Schlüsselfunktionen und Konsequenzen der Kategorie aufzuzeigen, wurde eine Methodenforschung der Grounded Theory durchgeführt. Vierzehn globale Verbraucher aus elf Ländern wurden eingehend Statusgruppe, ihre Werte und ihre Funktionen befragt zu definieren. Die Ergebnisse enthüllten drei distinkte Untergruppen innerhalb der Verbraucher, der moralische Überlegenheit anstrebt, und die Verbraucher aus Schwellenländern („Ich konsumiere ganz normal, aber jetzt unterstütze ich meine Gemeinschaft“). Diese Ergebnisse beleuchten die Folgen des humanistischen Luxus und einige der unwahrscheinlichen Quellen lokaler und globaler Ungleichheit Reproduktion im Bereich des Konsums. Diese Kategorie bietet keine Unterscheidung mehr auf der Grundlage des finanziellen, sondern des kulturellen und moralischen Kapitals. Humanistischer Luxus kann zwar dazu beitragen, die Verletzlichkeit des Handwerks zu beseitigen Die Hierarchien sind zementiert aber auch soziale, die bestätigen, wer „würdig“ ist und wer nicht, und was letztendlich die soziale Mobilität auf lokaler und globaler Ebene behindert.
    Abstract: The 21st century, digital (retail) transparency, and increasing worldwide inequality brought a new consumer category: Humanistic Luxury. This consumer category of products and services caters to educated, middle-class consumers, promising them a chance to acquire status goods, while, at the same time, to participate in humanitarian efforts; an oxymoron that is worthy to investigate. To expose key functions and consequences of the category, a grounded theory methodology research was conducted. Fourteen global consumers from eleven countries were deep interviewed to define the status group, its values, and its functions. The findings unveiled three district subgroups within consumers who are seeking moral superiority, that is, consumers of the Americas (“I must consume to change”), consumers of Europe (“I must change to keep consuming”), and the third group of consumers from emerging economies (“I consume as normal but now I support my community”). These findings shed light on the consequences of Humanistic Luxury, and some of the unlikely sources of local and global inequality reproduction in the sphere of consumption. This category is no longer providing a sense of distinction on the base of financial, but on cultural and moral capital. While Humanistic Luxury may help to eliminate artisan vulnerability, it also cements social hierarchies confirming who is “worthy”, and who is not, ultimately hindering social mobility on both local and global levels.
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  • 128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (455 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2022
    DDC: 300
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; sozialer Metabolismus ; Stadt ; Ernährungssystem ; Lebensmittelabfall ; Lebensmittelverschwendung ; interdisziplinär ; industrielle Ökologie ; social metabolism ; city ; food system ; food waste ; interdisciplinary ; industrial ecology ; métabolism social ; ville ; système alimentaire ; déchet alimentaire ; gaspillage alimentaire ; interdisciplinaire ; écologie industrielle ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Trotz seiner hohen Stellung auf der politischen Tagesordnung wurde das massive Wegwerfen von Essen, das insbesondere in den reichen Ländern dokumentiert ist, in Studien über städtischen Metabolismus bisher wenig beachtet. Ziel dieser interdisziplinären Dissertation ist es, eine Methode zur Mengenbestimmung des städtischen Lebensmittelmetabolismus zu entwickeln und verschiedene Faktoren zu untersuchen, die das Wegwerfen von Essen beeinflussen. In der Dissertation wird zuerst der städtische Lebensmittelmetabolismus beschrieben und mengenmäßig bestimmt. Dieser quantitative Teil stützt sich auf eine Fallstudie über die französische Hauptstadt Paris und die umliegenden Gebiete innerhalb der Île-de-France Region im Jahr 2014. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wie groß der Strom der Lebensmittelabfälle ist. 19% und 22% der Menge an Lebensmitteln, ohne Getränke, zur Versorgung der essenden Bevölkerung in Paris Petite Couronne und Île-de-France sind Lebensmittelabfälle. . Ein Teil dieser Abfälle, nämlich der aus weggeworfenem Essen, könnte vermieden werden, wenn Essen anders gehandhabt würde. Das Verständnis des städtischen Metabolismus wird bereichert, wenn er eingebettet in kulturelle Praktiken und soziale Institutionen betrachtet wird. Der Literaturüberblick zeigt, dass das Wegwerfen von Essen zu Hause und außer Haus nicht alleine eine Folge individueller Handlungen ist, sondern von Praktiken unter dem Einfluss gesellschaftlicher Prozesse. Im Gegensatz dazu berücksichtigt Politik weder die systemischen Züge des städtischen Lebensmittelmetabolismus, noch die Verknüpfung zwischen Essen und Abfall und auch nicht die zahlreichen Faktoren, die das Wegwerfen von Essen bedingen oder fördern. Forschungsbedarf besteht darin zu untersuchen, wie Gesellschaften der Einladung weniger Essen wegzuwerfen gegenüberstehen, wenn der Konsumkontext von Überversorgung und vermeintlichem Überfluss geprägt ist und das Wegwerfen von Essen weitestgehend unsichtbar bleibt.
    Abstract: Although it is a priority on the political agenda, the massive generation of food waste reported for high-income societies has been largely neglected in urban metabolism research. The aim of this interdisciplinary PhD thesis is to develop a method to quantitatively analyse urban societies’ food metabolism and its determinants with respect to food waste. The thesis’ main focus is on characterizing and quantifying the urban food metabolism. This quantitative part looks at case studies of the French capital Paris and its neighbouring areas of the Île-de-France region, in the year 2014. The results show that the urban food metabolism of Paris and its region is characterized by significant levels of food waste. 19% and 22% of food, excluding drink, ended up uneaten and turned to food waste in the food supply of the eating population in Paris Petite Couronne and Île-de-France, respectively. Moreover, little food waste was collected separately from other waste and recycled. Part of this food waste could be avoided, as it initially was food that could have been saved and used for human consumption, had it been handled differently. The urban metabolism becomes more legible when it is recognized as embedded in cultural practices and social institutions, another focus in this thesis. At the consumption stage, the literature review demonstrates that food waste is not only the result of individual action, but of practices shaped by broader societal processes. Inappropriately, current food waste reduction policies consider neither the systemic characteristics of the urban food metabolism, nor the interconnectedness between food and waste, nor yet the multiple determinants of food waste origin. Avenues for research include inquiry into how societies respond to the opportunity to reduce food waste, when the context is one of oversupply and perceived abundance of food, and a still largely invisible phenomenon of food waste.
    Abstract: Le métabolisme urbain désigne l’ensemble des flux d’énergie et de matières mis en jeu par le fonctionnement d’une ville ; il constitue une déclinaison localisée du métabolisme social. La quantification et l’analyse de ces flux sont cruciales pour la définition de politiques qui visent à réduire la consommation de ressources et la production des déchets. Malgré sa mise à l’agenda politique, la génération massive des pertes, gaspillages et déchets alimentaires, documentée en particulier dans les pays des Nords, n’a été analysée qu’à la marge dans les recherches sur le métabolisme urbain. L’objectif de cette thèse interdisciplinaire est de développer une méthode de quantification du métabolisme alimentaire urbain et d’analyser ses déterminants en lien avec les pertes, gaspillages et déchets alimentaires. La thèse aborde en premier lieu la caractérisation et la quantification du métabolisme alimentaire urbain. Cette partie quantitative s’appuie sur une étude de cas de la capitale française, Paris, et des territoires adjacents de la région Île-de-France, en 2014. Elle repose sur le développement d’un outil de quantification hybride associant analyse de flux de matière (AFM) et analyse du système alimentaire, sur la définition de la population qui mange (inférieure en taille à la population résidente), et sur la compilation de plusieurs jeux de données, dont certains n’avaient pas été mobilisés à ce jour. Les résultats montrent l’importance du flux de déchets alimentaires. Une part de 19% et 22% des denrées alimentaires, hors boissons, qui approvisionnent la population qui mange à Paris Petite Couronne, d’une part, et en Île-de-France, d’autre part, n’est pas consommée et devient un déchet ; une faible partie est par ailleurs collectée séparément pour être recyclée. L’étape de la consommation seule, à domicile et hors foyer, y contribue de façon significative. Une partie de ces déchets alimentaires pourrait être évitée par la réduction des pertes et gaspillages et une meilleure gestion de la nourriture. Le métabolisme urbain devient plus lisible lorsqu’on reconnait qu’il est intégré dans des pratiques culturelles et des institutions sociales, deuxième aspect abordé dans la thèse. La revue de la littérature montre qu’au stade de la consommation, les pertes et gaspillages ne sont pas seulement le résultat d’actions individuelles, mais de pratiques sous influence de processus sociaux plus larges, comme des changements de styles de vie et de normes de consommation dans des sociétés à revenu élevé. A l’opposé, les politiques de réduction des pertes et gaspillages ne tiennent compte ni des caractéristiques systémiques du métabolisme alimentaire urbain, ni de l’interconnexion entre nourriture et déchets, ni même des multiples déterminants à l’origine des pertes et gaspillages. Des pistes de recherche consistent à explorer la question de savoir comment les sociétés répondent à l’opportunité de réduire les pertes et gaspillages, lorsque le contexte est celui d’un sur-approvisionnement, d’une supposée abondance et d’un phénomène des pertes et gaspillages largement invisible. Les études culturelles peuvent aider à comprendre comment les sociétés font évoluer leurs pratiques culturelles et leurs institutions à l’égard de la réduction des pertes et gaspillages dans un contexte de transition socio-écologique.
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  • 129
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Feminist anthropology 3,2022,1, Seiten 106-119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Feminist anthropology
    Publ. der Quelle: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
    Angaben zur Quelle: 3,2022,1, Seiten 106-119
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: extended family ; gender ; refamiliarization ; responsibility ; social reproduction ; Spain ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Under the pressure of work's devaluation and the state's retrenchment, men and women in Spain manage their extended family resources in a struggle to provide for their dependents. These resources have become the main axis of inequality in Spain's financialized economy. Drawing on fieldwork in Madrid, I show that men and women understand themselves in terms of this responsibility, internalizing capitalist pressures on social reproduction as a family matter. This self-identification cuts through the solidarities that exploited waged work and gendered domestic work might generate, and it makes family one's ultimate reference point. Instead of the refusal of a responsibility that used to be socialized being a principled and political stance, then, it is dismissed as selfish.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 130
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (351 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 300
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Syrische Flüchtlinge ; Verschiebung ; Geschlechterrollen und Beziehungen ; Agency ; Syrian refugees ; displacement ; gender roles and relationships ; agency ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Diese Dissertation untersucht die Auswirkungen der Vertreibung auf die Geschlechterrollen und -beziehungen bei syrischen Flüchtlingsfamilien im Libanon und in Deutschland. Sie basiert auf einer achtzehnmonatigen ethnografischen Feldforschung, die zwischen 2017 und 2019 durchgeführt wurde. Die wichtigsten Fragestellungen, die diese Studie geleitet haben, sind wie folgt: Welche Art von Geschlechterrollen- und Beziehungstransformationen erleben syrische Familien im Libanon und in Deutschland? Wie verhandeln syrische Männer und Frauen Beziehungen in der Vertreibung neu? Können unterschiedliche Fluchtsituationen ähnliche Erfahrungen erzeugen? Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass syrische Familien aufgrund der besonderen rechtlichen und bürokratischen Bedingungen im Libanon und in Deutschland eine langwierig-vorübergehende Vertreibung erleben. Dieser Bereich wird als Liminalität konzipiert, einen nichtstrukturellen Kontext, der alternative Dimensionen der „Agency“ ermöglicht. Für jede Fallstudie werden vier Typologien von Transformationen in Geschlechterrollen und -beziehungen bestimmt und anschließend analysiert, wie syrische Männer und Frauen diese neu verhandelt haben. Abschließend werden beide Situationen des Flüchtlingsdaseins verglichen und vorgeschlagen, dass drei Dimensionen der Agency in diesem Schwellenbereich aufgedeckt werden können - eine iterative Dimension, in der die Agency in Richtung Vergangenheit positioniert ist; eine projektive Dimension, die die Agency auf die Zukunft ausrichtet und eine praktische Bewertungsdimension, in der situative Urteile unter konkreten Umständen in einen Kontext gesetzt werden. Diese Dissertation liefert drei Beiträge: Auf theoretischer Ebene verwendete sie die Agency als Linse zur Analyse der Geschlechterverhältnisse bei Zwangsmigration; auf methodischer Ebene verwendet sie eine relationale Perspektive, um verflochtene Beziehungszusammenstellungen zu untersuchen, und auf empirischer Ebene werden zwei Vertreibungssituationen vergleichend analysiert.
    Abstract: This thesis investigates the impact of displacement on gender roles and relationships among Syrian refugee families in Lebanon and Germany. It is based on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork carried out between 2017 and 2019. The main research questions that have guided this study are: What kind of gender role and relationship transformations do Syrian families experience in Lebanon and Germany? How do Syrian men and women renegotiate relationships in displacement? Can different displacement situations generate similar experiences? I argue that due to the specific legal and bureaucratic conditions put in place by Lebanon and Germany, Syrian families experienced a protracted-temporary displacement. I conceptualize this space as liminality, a non-structural context that allows for alternative dimensions of agency to take place. For each case study, I identify four typologies of transformations in gender roles and relationships and I analyze how Syrian men and women renegotiated them. Finally, I compare the two refugeehood situations and I suggest that three dimensions of agency can be uncovered in this liminal space – an iterative dimension, where agency is positioned towards the past; a projective dimension, which orientates agency towards the future; and a practical evaluative dimension, in which situational judgments are contextualized within concrete circumstances. This thesis offers three main contributions: a theoretical one, by using agency as a lens to analyze gender relations in forced migration; a methodological one, with its relational perspective that explores interconnected sets of relationships; and an empirical one, based on the comparison of two displacement situations.
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  • 131
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Journal of land use science 17,2022,1, Seiten 609-628
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of land use science
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17,2022,1, Seiten 609-628
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Land system science (LSS) ; resistance ; friction ; gold mining ; Tanzania ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In land system science (LSS), the globalisation of land use is often understood via trade flows. Fewer studies have explored the power asymmetries and local resistance that shape global connections. Consequently, calls for a deeper engagement with power and agency have been made within LSS. To accommodate this, we engage the ethnographic literature on encounters, emphasising the concepts of resistance and friction. These capture the ways actors position themselves in global systems, resist, and create global connections. To illustrate its relevance for land systems, we use qualitative data from the mining sector of Tanzania, highlighting the emergence of resource nationalism as an alternative form of globalisation (alter-globalisation). We argue that a focus on resistance, friction and alter-globalisation can move LSS towards a deeper engagement with power and agency in global flows, revealing the competing actors, values and visions embedded in land systems.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 132
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  32,2, Seiten 165-172
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32,2, Seiten 165-172
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 133
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  21,3, Seiten 1391-1419
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Angaben zur Quelle: 21,3, Seiten 1391-1419
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This article investigates how mothers’ and fathers’ daily time use changed across social classes from 1990 to 2013 in Germany. In the 2000s, Germany’s adherence to the male breadwinner model was eroded by labor and family policy reforms typical of the adult worker model, which assumes individual self-sufficiency. The implications for gender and class inequality have been heatedly discussed. Drawing on the German Time Use Survey, I find that gender equality in the division of labor is greatest among full-time dual-earner couples with standard schedules. The prevalence of this pattern increased among the middle- and upper-class in historically conservative western Germany, but declined across classes in formerly socialist eastern Germany. In parallel, nonstandard work patterns and dual-joblessness gained in importance among lower-class couples, particularly in eastern Germany. I conclude that the adult worker model benefited mothers with access to standard full-time jobs but at the cost of greater class polarization.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 134
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Bericht ; Berlin Science Survey ; Berlin research area ; Science Studies ; Scientists survey ; sample statistics ; data quality ; Berlin University Alliance ; Sozialwissenschaften
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  • 135
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  48,20, Seiten 4829-4846
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
    Angaben zur Quelle: 48,20, Seiten 4829-4846
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: refugee ; class ; capitals ; spatial mobility ; social mobility ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This editorial makes the case for revisiting class in the context of forced migration. We argue that this is necessary to better grasp the inherent diversity of forced migrants. Forced-migration research has increasingly considered aspects of differentiation, such as race or gender. Yet, scholarly work on social class in this field remains scarce. We argue that forced migrants are wrongly homogenised as ‘poor’ or ‘class-less’, and show how class-related capitals and their transferability and convertibility remain important determinants of their spatial and social (im)mobility. We develop this angle by first giving an overview of the class concepts developed by Marx, Weber, and Bourdieu, and the ways the authors of this special issue employed these concepts. Building our arguments on the contributions to this special issue that engage in empirical analyses in diverse settings, we display how social class and the different forms of capital available to forced migrants influence their perception and capacity for spatial mobility. Moreover, we discuss how class at a given moment shapes forced migrants’ future social mobility in new settings. We conclude by highlighting the considerable variation in socio-economic backgrounds of forced migrants and discussing the effects of the categorisation as ‘refugee’.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 136
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  20,4, Seiten 332-350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20,4, Seiten 332-350
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: othering ; integration ; immigrants ; migration ; research ethics ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The article explores how sport-related research contributes to the construction and reproduction of immigrants and their descendants as ‘Others’. This process, referred to as ‘Othering’ in this paper, is to be understood as a hegemonic act of ascribing otherness to social groups, marking them as being essentially different, generalising these alleged differences and transferring this alleged otherness into inferiority. This paper elaborates on this process of Othering theoretically and empirically. Qualitative content analysis of sport-related German-language academic publications enables an investigation of how researchers deal with social constructs of difference, such as ‘immigrant’, ‘migrant’ or ‘migrant background’, as well as revealing whether and how Othering occurs in their publications. As a result, this article demonstrates that Othering is found in a substantial number of academic publications. Furthermore, it exemplifies and discusses how the various forms of Othering manifest themselves at different stages in the research process.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 137
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  49,2, Seiten 238-262
    ISSN: 0162-2439 , 0162-2439
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage Publications
    Angaben zur Quelle: 49,2, Seiten 238-262
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: acoustics ; ethnography ; knowledge practices ; architecture ; science and technology studies ; listening practices ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: What sounds and noises does a future building make? How do architectural acousticians listen to a building in the making? How do you measure something that is not yet there? What is the epistemological status of approximations? Following the listening practices of acousticians as they measure a future experience of sound through a mock-up and of noise through an incomplete simulation, this article explores the challenge of fixing sound and noise as elusive objects of knowledge. Based on an ethnography of a building project, we see how architectural acousticians rely on what they call “approximations,” both the inscriptions and inscriptive work used to give traces of reality to future lived experiences of sound and noise that they hope “would be” there. Bringing together sound studies, ethnographies of architectural practice and science and technology studies accounts of inscription practices, the article argues for attention to be placed on the ephemera of knowledge and design practices, which allows analytic focus to remain upstream between the possible and the actual. Situated within the practices of the acousticians, we can witness some of the ways that sound and noise take shape within a building project, grosso modo.
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  51,2, Seiten 249-286
    ISSN: 0730-8884 , 0730-8884
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Thousand Oaks [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 51,2, Seiten 249-286
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: wage gap decomposition ; matching ; intersectionality ; double disadvantage ; Germany ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: We investigate intersecting wage gaps by gender and nativity by comparing the wages between immigrant women, immigrant men, native women, and native men based on Western German survey data. Adding to the analytical diversity of the field, we do a full comparison of group wages to emphasize the relationality of privilege and disadvantage, and we use a nonparametric matching decomposition that is well suited to address unique group-specific experiences. We find that wage (dis)advantages associated with the dimensions of gender and nativity are nonadditive and result in distinct decomposition patterns for each pairwise comparison. After accounting for substantial group differences in work attachment, individual resources, and occupational segregation, unexplained wage gaps are generally small for comparisons between immigrant women, immigrant men, and native women, but large when either group is compared to native men. This finding suggests that the often presumed “double disadvantage” of immigrant women is rather a “double advantage” of native men.
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  • 139
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Berliner Blätter / Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ,2021,84, Seiten 3-19
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Berliner Blätter / Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,2021,84, Seiten 3-19
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Ontological Turn ; Practical Ontology ; Political Ontology ; Human-Environmental Relations ; Hauntology ; Ontologische Wende ; Politische Ontologie ; Praktische Ontologie ; Mensch-Umwelt Beziehungen ; Hauntologie ; Soziologie, Anthropologie
    Abstract: This introduction to the issue introduces the political dimensions of researches done in the framework of the ontological turns that stretch between Anthropology and Science and Technology Studies. Drawing on the concept of political ontology, practical ontology, and the papers assembled in this issue, we embrace the political to be practically sitting transversally in different political fields that foster the constitution of new forms of life as alternative ontologies. In this sense, politics is a critical endeavor to unravel power asymmetries and the attempt to not only illuminate alter-ontologies but to realize and co-constitute these. In order not to get trapped in a mere description of alteritarian worlds and their political power structures, we propose to focus more specifically on the largely invisible moments of ontological uncertainties. These eery moment in common but non-contemporaneity environments that appear in between of something and -time can be a learning endeavor to understand grown inheritances as responsibility. Through their appearance they jumble, further, time and ontological order, allowing us insights to automatically modes of action that stay normally unseen. In this sense, we sketch a policy of making oddkins throughout the worlds including its specters.
    Abstract: Dieser Beitrag führt in die politischen Dimensionen von Forschungen der Anthropologie und Science and Technology Studies im Bereich der ontologischen Wenden ein. Ausgehend vom Konzept der politischen Ontologie, der praktischen Ontologie und den in diesem Band versammelten Beiträgen, begreifen wir das Politische als praktisch situiert und transversal in verschiedenen politischen Feldern, die die Konstitution neuer Lebensformen als alternative Ontologien fördern. In diesem Sinne ist Politik ein kritisches Bestreben, Machtasymmetrien zu entwirren, der Versuch, alternative Ontologien nicht nur zu beleuchten, sondern diese zu realisieren und zu ko-konstituieren. Um dabei nicht in einer reinen Beschreibung alteritärer Welten und deren politischer Machstrukturen zu verharren, schlagen wir vor, gezielter die weitgehend unsichtbaren Momente ontologischer Ungewissheiten zu fokussieren. Diese unheimlichen Momente in gemeinsamen, aber nicht-gleichzeitigen Umgebungen, die im Dazwischen von Etwas und Irgendwann auftauchen, können einen Hinweis darauf bieten gewachsene Erbschaften als Verantwortung zu verstehen. Durch ihr Erscheinen bringen sie weiterhin Zeit und ontologische Ordnung durcheinander und erlauben uns Einblicke in automatisierte Handlungsweisen, die normalerweise unsichtbar bleiben. In diesem Sinne skizzieren wir ein Politikprogramm, das die Welten mitsamt ihren Gespenstern zu Verbündeten macht.
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  • 140
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Berliner Blätter / Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ,2021,84, Seiten 77-91
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Berliner Blätter / Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,2021,84, Seiten 77-91
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Political Ontology ; Plural Ecologies ; Brazil ; Co-Management of Natural Resources ; Extractive Reserves (Resex) ; Politische Ontologie ; Plurale Ökologien ; Brasilien ; Co-Management natürlicher Ressourcen ; Reservas Extrativistas (Resex) ; Soziologie, Anthropologie
    Abstract: For a critical discussion of power asymmetries within the co-managed protection of natural resources, political ontology offers a valuable theoretical framework. Relevant studies demonstrate that sustainability cannot be determined ‘objectively’ but is deeply entangled with, and dependent on, the specific ontological constitutions of worlds. However, my case study within the Brazilian conservation area Resex Tapajós-Arapiuns also reveals the limitations of a political ontological approach, as the framework cannot completely contend with the fragmentation of social collectives and the ontological plurality of everyday enactments. Demonstrating that this blind spot is the effect of a specific analytical perspective, I argue for a practice-related reformulation. Illustrated with the empirical data of my case study, I propose the adoption of three concepts for a practice-related political ontology, namely plural ecologies, ontological consequences, and contextual assumptions.
    Abstract: Die Politischen Ontologie bietet einen wertvollen Zugang für die kritische Analyse von Machtgefügen innerhalb gemeindebasierten Naturschutzvorhaben und Co-Management natürlicher Ressourcen. Einschlägige Studien zeigen hier insbesondere, dass Nachhaltigkeit keine objektive Größe ist, sondern untrennbar mit spezifischen ontologischen Konstitutionen von Welt zusammenhängt. Doch weist mein Fallbeispiel des brasilianischen Naturschutzgebietes Resex Tapajós-Arapiuns auch auf die Grenzen Politischer Ontologie hin, vermag der theoretische Rahmen doch die Fragmentierung sozialer Kollektive und die ontologische Vielfältigkeit alltäglicher Praktiken nicht angemessen abzubilden. Diesen Schwachpunkt interpretiere ich als Effekt eines spezifischen analytischen Vorgehens und schlage vor, Politische Ontologie stattdessen praxistheoretisch auszulegen.
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  • 141
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Sociologia ruralis 61,2021,3, Seiten 638-659
    ISSN: 0038-0199 , 0038-0199
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Sociologia ruralis
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 61,2021,3, Seiten 638-659
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: alternative food supply ; food system transformation ; local food ; self‐organization ; transformative social innovation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In the hope for more sustainable agriculture and a stronger connection to their food, an increasing number of consumers participate in alternative food networks (AFNs) characterised by short food supply chains. However, it cannot be assumed that AFNs inherently transform the prevailing system and its respective practices around food. Thus, we apply a social innovation perspective to enable a comprehensive analysis of changed values, social practices and relations in AFNs. This article presents whether drivers of transformation occur in three different AFN models (Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), food co‐operatives (food co‐ops) and self‐harvest gardens) and how participants describe and perceive them in each model. Therefore, we conducted interviews with AFN producers and consumers, before applying qualitative content analysis. Interviewees describe a broad variety of transformed values, practices and relations: Especially CSA and food co‐ops bear transformative potential as their members report a strong reconnection of producers and consumers expressed through social interaction and community‐building. Self‐harvest gardeners predominantly seek individual capacity building and to have access to their own garden. We conclude that AFN participation fosters incremental transformation towards more sustainable practices around food and a respective value system, which can be a part of a bigger movement aimed at food system transformation.
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  • 142
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Urban Planning 6,2021,2, Seiten 80-90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Urban Planning
    Publ. der Quelle: Lisbon : Cogitatio Press
    Angaben zur Quelle: 6,2021,2, Seiten 80-90
    DDC: 303
    Keywords: BENN ; Berlin ; critical urban research ; forced migration ; migration policy ; refugees ; postmigration ; social city ; spatial justice ; Gesellschaftliche Prozesse
    Abstract: This article discusses the introduction of a new urban policy in Berlin, Germany, in the frame of postmigrant spatial justice. In 2017, Berlin established so-called ‘integration management programs’ in 20 different neighbourhoods around large refugee shelters as a response to the growing challenges local authorities faced after the administrative collapse in 2015/16. A new policy agenda provides the opportunity to learn from previous policies and programs—especially when it is addressed to the local dimension of integration, a widely and controversially discussed issue. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Berlin in 2018 and 2019, this article discusses how migration is framed in urban social policy against both postmigrant and spatial justice theory.
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  • 143
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Berliner Blätter / Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ,2021,84, Seiten 63-75
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Berliner Blätter / Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,2021,84, Seiten 63-75
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Resource Materialities ; Political Ontology ; Resource Management ; Conservation ; Salmon ; Umweltschutz ; Rohstoff Management ; Lachs ; Politische Ontologien ; Soziologie, Anthropologie
    Abstract: Current environmental crises disclose power hierarchies, such as within the negotiation of how to distribute natural resources. This paper focuses on the importance of acknowledging human-animal relationships and lived realities within the co-management and conservation of resources. The research draws on conflicting ontologies that can be found around salmon conservation in Southwest Alaska, especially around returning king salmon in the Kuskokwim River, which has seen a decline in numbers over the last decade. It illustrates the importance of considering the ontological constitutions of animals as beings, which renders the understanding of how human-animal relations can be maintained throughout crises. Rather than perpetuating the assumption that salmon are ‘natural’ objects, but understood and known differently by indigenous communities, the ontological approach enables us to recognize that salmon are not one entity but constituted beings in enacted worlds.
    Abstract: Die aktuellen Umweltkrisen legen Machthierarchien offen, unter anderem in den Verhandlungen um die Verteilung von natürlichen Rohstoffen. Dieser Artikel stellt Mensch-Tier Beziehungen und lokale Lebensrealitäten in den Mittelpunkt von Naturschutzmaßnahmen und der Mitverwaltung von Umweltressourcen. Er analysiert verschiedene Ontologien, die mit verstärkten Maßnahmen zum Schutz von Wildlachs im Südwesten Alaskas sichtbar wurden. Der Fokus liegt insbesondere auf den Königslachsen, die zum laichen in den Kuskokwim Fluss zurückkehren, und die im letzten Jahrzehnt fallende Bestandszahlen aufwiesen. Besondere Beachtung gilt dabei der ontologischen Konstitution der Tiere. Anstatt Lachs als ein universelles, wenn auch unterschiedlich verstandenes und kulturell gedeutetes, Naturobjekt darzustellen, möchte dieser Artikel den ontologischen Ansatz dazu nutzen, um dieses Tier als konstituiertes Lebewesen in erlebten Welten zu verstehen.
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  • 144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 150
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; soziale Kognition ; soziale Modulation ; Mimikry ; Oxytocin ; autistische Eigenschaften ; Egozentrismus ; Selbstprojektion ; Emotionswahrnehmung ; Social cognition ; Social modulation ; Mimicry ; Oxytocin ; Autistic traits ; Egocentrism ; Self-projection ; Emotion perception ; Psychologie ; Das Sozialverhalten beeinflussende Faktoren ; Soziale Prozesse ; Sinneswahrnehmung, Bewegung, Emotionen, physiologische Triebe
    Abstract: In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden vier Studien vorgestellt, in denen untersucht wurde, wie altrozentrische (Mimikry) und egozentrische (Selbstprojektion) Prozesse der sozialen Kognition in Abhängigkeit vom sozialen Kontext und persönlichen Dispositionen reguliert werden. Studie 1 zeigte, dass die Tendenz, fröhliche Gesichtsausdrücke anderer nachzuahmen abhängig von dem mit der beobachteten Person assoziierten Belohnungswert ist. Die Auswirkung der Belohnung ging jedoch weder in die vorhergesagte Richtung, noch konnten wir einen Einfluss von Oxytocin, einem Hormon, das der Neurobiologie der sozialen Anpassung zugrunde liegt, finden. Studie 2 zeigte, im Vergleich zu vorherigen Studien, keine allgemeine Verbesserung der automatischen Nachahmung nach direktem Blickkontakt im Vergleich zum abgewandten Blick. Wir konnten jedoch potenzielle dispositionelle Faktoren (z.B. autistische Eigenschaften) identifizieren, denen unterschiedlichen Mimikry-Reaktionen auf den Blickkontakt zugrunde liegen könnten. Studie 3 kombinierte kurze Phasen der Emotionsinduktion mit psychophysischen Messungen der Emotionswahrnehmung. Es zeigte sich, dass emotionale Gesichtsausdrücke tendenziell als fröhlicher beurteilt werden, wenn Personen angeben, dass sie sich fröhlich im Vergleich zu traurig fühlen. Emotionale egozentrische Verzerrungen wurden in Studie 4 erneut untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu unseren Vorhersagen fanden wir jedoch keine stärkeren egozentrischen Verzerrungen, wenn die Teilnehmenden emotionale Gesichtsausdrücke von ähnlichen im Vergleich zu unähnlichen Personen beurteilten. In allen Studien fanden wir Hinweise für den kontextabhängigen Charakter der sozialen Kognition. Allerdings konnten wir einige der in der Literatur berichteten Phänomene nicht replizieren. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, die Robustheit und Generalisierbarkeit früherer Befunde systematisch neu zu bewerten.
    Abstract: This dissertation presents four studies that investigated how altercentric (mimicry) and egocentric (self-projection) processes of social cognition are regulated according to the social context and personal dispositions. Study 1 showed that the tendency to mimic others’ happy facial expressions depends on the reward value associated with the observed agent. However, the effects of reward were not in the hypothesised direction, nor could we detect an influence of oxytocin treatment, a hormone involved in the neurobiology of social adaptation. Study 2 could not detect a general enhancement of the tendency to automatically imitate others’ hand actions following direct gaze compared to averted gaze, in contrast to previous studies. However, we could identify dispositional factors (e.g., autistic traits) that might underlie different mimicry responses to gaze cues. Combining brief emotion induction blocks with psychophysical measures of emotion perception, Study 3 showed that facial emotional expressions tend to be judged as happier when individuals feel happy than when they feel sad. Emotional egocentric biases were replicated in Study 4. But contrary to our predictions, we did not find stronger egocentric biases when participants judged emotional facial expressions of similar compared to dissimilar others. Across all studies, we found evidence supporting the contextual nature of social cognition. However, we could not replicate some of the phenomena reported in the literature. These results highlight the need to systematically re-evaluate the robustness and generalizability of prior findings.
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  • 145
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Philosophy & social criticism 48,2021,8, Seiten 1123-1139
    ISSN: 0191-4537 , 0191-4537
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Philosophy & social criticism
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 48,2021,8, Seiten 1123-1139
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: democratic theory ; equality ; experimentalism ; horizontality ; openness ; representation ; resistance ; verticality ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Major debates on democratic renewal suggest two ways of eliciting social change: either by strengthening vertical practices of representation or by expanding horizontal forms of participation. The article develops an argument for why there is a need to rethink democratic resistance beyond the vertical–horizontal divide. If contemporary forms of resistance encompass a strategic interplay between vertical and horizontal practices, then an alternative framework is required to capture this logic. Filling this gap, the article introduces the concept of ‘horizontal experimentalism’. Such an idea comprehends an understanding of political means and ends as a continuum and as adjusting each other in an ongoing process of experimental inquiry.
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Berliner Blätter / Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ,2021,84, Seiten 21-34
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Berliner Blätter / Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,2021,84, Seiten 21-34
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Ontologies ; Underground ; Valuation ; Ruhr District ; Ruins ; Untergrund ; Ontologie ; Ruinen ; Bewertung ; Ruhrgebiet ; Soziologie, Anthropologie
    Abstract: The restoration of the Emscher began in the 1990s. It brings us to a former centre of industrialization – the Ruhr Valley in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany – and reveals challenges of post-mining, such as pollution and subsidence. Three concepts are central to understanding the restoration of the river: landscape, temporality and value. Through three stories we investigate these notions in different constellations and ask how they can help to reimagine the river: through (1) a proud, modern, reassuring story of liberation from a dirty past into a clean and flourishing present; (2) a story celebrating maintenance, and the efforts, work and resources of the enormous underground water infrastructure that supports the health and well-being at the surface; and (3) a ruin story reimagining the eternity burden imposed by the legacy of mining, and appreciating the arts of noticing how to live carefully in this area with this history. Thinking through the three stories helps appreciate different kinds of actors, knowledges and realities attached to the Emscher’s restoration. By developing the notions of landscape, temporality and value, we propose a multi-faceted approach to distinguish between ways of enacting a post-mining’s site ontology.
    Abstract: Die Restaurierung der Emscher begann in den 1990er Jahren. Sie führt in ein ehemaliges Zentrum der Industrialisierung – das Ruhrgebiet in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland – und zeigt Herausforderungen des Nachbergbaus, etwa Verschmutzung und Absenkung. Drei Konzepte stärken das Verständnis der Restaurierung des Flusses: Landschaft, Zeitlichkeit und Wert. Anhand von drei Geschichten untersuchen wir die Konzepte in unterschiedlichen Konstellationen, und fragen, wie sie dazu beitragen können, den Fluss neu zu imaginieren: anhand (1) einer stolzen, modernen und beruhigenden Geschichte der Befreiung aus einer schmutzigen Vergangenheit in eine saubere und blühende Gegenwart; (2) anhand einer Geschichte, die die Instandhaltung und die Bemühungen einer unterirdischen Wasserinfrastruktur zelebriert, um die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden an der Oberfläche zu sichern; und (3) anhand einer Ruinengeschichte, die die Ewigkeitslast, die durch das Erbe des Bergbaus auferlegt wurde, neu imaginiert und die arts of noticing pflegt, wie man mit dieser Geschichte umsichtig leben kann. Die Geschichten helfen dabei, verschiedene Arten von Akteuren, Wissen und Realitäten zu würdigen, die mit der Emscher-Restaurierung verbunden sind. Indem wir die Begriffe Landschaft, Zeitlichkeit und Wert entwickeln, schlagen wir einen Ansatz vor, um zwischen Möglichkeiten zu unterscheiden, eine Ontologie der Nachbergbaulandschaft zu verwirklichen.
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    In:  International review for the sociology of sport 57,2021,7, Seiten 1157-1174
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: International review for the sociology of sport
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : SAGE Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 57,2021,7, Seiten 1157-1174
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: amateur football ; belonging ; migration ; sports clubs ; field experiment ; discrimination ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Empirical studies show that first- and second-generation immigrants are less likely to be members of sports clubs than their non-immigrant peers. Common explanations are cultural differences and socioeconomic disadvantages. However, lower participation rates in amateur sport could be at least partly due to ethnic discrimination. Are minority ethnic groups granted the same right to belong as their non-immigrant peers? To answer this question, this paper uses publicly available data from a field experiment in which mock applications were sent out to over 1,600 football clubs in Germany. Having a foreign-sounding name significantly reduces the likelihood of being invited to participate. The paper concludes that amateur football clubs are not as permeable as they are often perceived to be. It claims that traditional explanations for lower participation rates of immigrants need to be revisited.
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  • 148
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (227 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 300
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Integration ; Geschlecht ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Migration ; Migration ; Integration ; Gender ; Employment ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Weltweit migrieren Männer und Frauen, ihre Arbeitsmarktintegration ist jedoch grundsätzlich verschieden. Erklärungen hierfür sind bislang unzureichend. Daher entwickelt diese Dissertation ein Konzept zu Migration, Geschlecht und Erwerbstätigkeit, dessen Kernargument ist, dass sich Geschlechterunterschiede über die Immigration reproduzieren. Die Papiere der Dissertation testen drei Mechanismen, die diesen Prozess bedingen können. Im ersten Papier betrachtet diese Dissertation die folgende Frage: Wie wirken sich Dynamiken in den Migrationsentscheidungen von Paaren auf deren Erwerbstätigkeit aus? Das Papier diskutiert diese Frage im Licht der tied migration theory. Zur empirischen Analyse zieht das Papier Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) heran. Es zeigt sich, dass Männer, die die treibende Kraft der Entscheidung waren, nach Migration beruflich erfolgreicher sind als Männer, deren Partnerin die Entscheidung traf. Das zweite Papier fragt: Wie entwickelt sich die Zeit, die Frauen und Männer auf Hausarbeit verwenden, über den Migrationsprozess? Hierfür bezieht sich das Papier theoretisch auf Neoklassische Theorie und Verhandlungstheorie sowie auf Ideen der Geschlechterkonstruktion und integriert migrationsspezifische Aspekte. Für die Analysen verwendet das Papier Daten des SOEP und Angaben zur Zeitverwendung. Die Resultate des Papiers zeigen, dass die Hausarbeit für Männer und Frauen nach Migration stark ansteigt, jedoch nur kurzfristig. Im dritten Papier betrachtet diese Dissertation die Sozialisierung von Migrantinnen. Das Papier fragt: Wie beeinflusst die Sozialisierung von Migrantinnen ihre Erwerbstätigkeit? Die theoretische Herleitung des Papiers beruht auf der Sozialisationstheorie, die Analysen beruhen auf Daten des SOEP. Das Papier schlussfolgert, dass die Sozialisierungsanstrengungen von Müttern gesellschaftliche Effekte abfedern können. Zusammenfassend verdeutlicht diese Dissertation die Bedeutung von geschlechtsspezifischer Integrationsforschung.
    Abstract: Women and men are on the move, yet their employment experiences after migration differ. To date, evidence on underlying reasons is scarce. Hence, this dissertation develops a framework for understanding migration, gender, and employment. This framework argues that gender inequalities are reinforced across migration. In its empirical chapters, this dissertations tests three mechanisms hypothesized to drive this process. This dissertation’s first paper addresses the following question: How do dynamics in couples’ decision to migrate impact the employment of migrant women and men? Theoretically, this puzzle is discussed with regard to tied migration theory. Empirically, the paper analyzes data on couples’ migration decisions from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The results show that migrant men who drove decisions are vocationally more successful after migration than men whose partners initiated migration. The second paper of this dissertation asks: How does migration impact the time spent on domestic work of immigrant women and men? Therefore, the paper draws on theoretical notions of Neoclassical Economic and Bargaining Theory, ideas of Gender Construction, and integrates migration-specific aspects. For its analyses, the paper uses SOEP data and couples’ time use. The results of this paper indicate that the time spent on domestic work increases drastically for migrant women and men after migration, yet only in the short-term. The third empirical paper of this dissertation looks at female migrants’ socialization. It asks: How does adolescent socialization impact the employment of immigrant women? The paper’s hypotheses are based on Socialization Theory, it bases its analyses on SOEP data. The paper concludes that mothers and their socialization efforts can buffer societal impacts. Overall, this dissertation emphasizes the significance of gendered integration research and the necessity to further explore the differential employment of migrant women and men.
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  • 149
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 146,2021,1–2, Seiten 11-26
    ISSN: 0044-2666 , 0044-2666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Reimer
    Angaben zur Quelle: 146,2021,1–2, Seiten 11-26
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: honour ; reputation ; shame ; social media ; Turkey ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: This article draws on long-term ethnographic research on the uses of social media and their consequences for people’s everyday lives to shed light on how young men’s long-standing concerns over reputation and shame have been rearticulated through the use of social media. In Mardin, a mediumsized city in southeast Turkey, reputation and shame are key concerns in social media usage and affect different domains of people’s everyday lives, such as politics, love and friendships. In this article, reputation is conceived as the value an individual has in other’s people eyes, on social media being granted by displaying the desired qualities and by receiving expressions of social approbation in a context of constant surveillance. This has been extensively described in terms of the logic of honour across different cultures and at different times. Shame is viewed as an emotional experience generated by social practices that openly transgress social norms. Viewing reputation and shame as bound to mediated practices opens up new opportunities to investigate the transformation of long-standing concerns that continue to have great significance in people’s lives in southeast Turkey. It sheds light on processes of continuity and transformation that are entangled with the diffusion of digital communication technologies.
    Note: published first as (erstmalig folgendermaßen erschienen): Elisabetta Costa: “Please ‘Like’ Me: Reconfiguring Reputation and Shame in Southeast Turkey”. In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie / Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology 146.1–2 (2021), Special Issue “Rethinking the Mediterranean”, pages 11–26. Die Zweitveröffentlichung dieses Artikels unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) erfolgte mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Reimer Verlags.
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  • 150
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 146,2021,1–2, Seiten 75-80
    ISSN: 0044-2666 , 0044-2666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Reimer
    Angaben zur Quelle: 146,2021,1–2, Seiten 75-80
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Note: published first as (erstmalig folgendermaßen erschienen): Sarah Green: “Mediterranean Mediations”. In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie / Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology 146.1–2 (2021), Special Issue “Rethinking the Mediterranean”, pages 75–80. Die Zweitveröffentlichung dieses Artikels unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) erfolgte mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Reimer Verlags.
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  • 151
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 146,2021,1–2, Seiten 27-52
    ISSN: 0044-2666 , 0044-2666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Reimer
    Angaben zur Quelle: 146,2021,1–2, Seiten 27-52
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Morocco ; High Atlas ; hospitality ; digital media ; tourism ; ultramarathon ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: In the mountainous region of the Central High Atlas in Morocco, tourism has emerged as a promising economic prospect among a number of profound changes recently. However, the implications of digital media technology in situ and as part of this wider transformation have rather been neglected by scholarship. Hence, in this paper I propose the notion of digital hospitality to map out and articulate the interplay of digital media, tourism and ‘Mediterranean themes’ like hospitality, topography and connectivity, and to make it tangible how processes of sociotechnical restructuring are challenging the interactions and possible relationships between guests and hosts in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. Drawing on extended ethnographic fieldwork in the High Atlas, I analyse the ultramarathon sports event ‘Zaouiat Ahansal Ultra Trail’ as a mediated, circulated and digitised phenomenon. It is the readjusted focus on (digital) media technology, which foregrounds social practices and cooperation, that allows this trail-running event to be understood as an achievement of the organizers’ scaling work, which in turn feeds into and interacts with the scalar characteristics of hospitality itself.
    Note: published first as (erstmalig folgendermaßen erschienen): Simon Holdermann: “Digital Hospitality: Trail Running and Technology in the Moroccan High Atlas”. In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie / Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology 146.1–2 (2021), Special Issue “Rethinking the Mediterranean”, pages 27–52. Die Zweitveröffentlichung dieses Artikels unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) erfolgte mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Reimer Verlags.
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  • 152
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 146,2021,1–2, Seiten 53-74
    ISSN: 0044-2666 , 0044-2666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Reimer
    Angaben zur Quelle: 146,2021,1–2, Seiten 53-74
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: funeral lamentation in the Mediterranean ; ritual and grief techniques ; visual ethnographic documentation ; sound recordings ; De Martino studies ; re-enactment ; visual culture ; Bilderwanderung ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: Funerary lament and ritual weeping are multi-sensorial public expressions of grief that are often referred to as examples of cultural continuity in and across the Mediterranean. In the 1950s, anthropologist Ernesto de Martino and his team assembled a unique set of photos and sound and film recordings on lament in Southern Italy in an attempt to verify that contemporary forms of mourning did not just resemble ancient funerary laments but were actual relics thereof. Departing from these audio-visual materials, this essay traces recurring patterns and sequences of images and sounds related to lament in Southern Italy, arguing that the (female) body of the performers becomes the main medium of iconographic and choreographic reproduction by way of re-enacting and imitating lament in staged settings. Rather than studying the phenomenon of lament in itself (or its decline) or commenting on the continuity thesis, I focus on the mediatised transmission of corporeal expressions of lamenters by drawing on Aby Warburg’s concept of the “migration of images” (Bilderwanderung). I include artistic approaches and modes such as re-enactment, performance, and montage in my ethnographic study of ritual mourning and show that there is a repertory of ecstatic gestures transferred through command performances that is not concerned with “authentic” documentation. Instead, these gestures are there to be performed, individually reappropriated, and revived in situations of crisis to the present day.
    Note: published first as (erstmalig folgendermaßen erschienen): Michaela Schäuble: “Performing and Re-enacting Southern Italian Lament: Ritual Mourning and the Migration of Images in the Mediterranean”. In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie / Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology 146.1–2 (2021), Special Issue “Rethinking the Mediterranean”, pages 53–74. Die Zweitveröffentlichung dieses Artikels unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) erfolgte mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Reimer Verlags.
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  • 153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 13,23
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: social trust ; environmental peacebuilding ; sustainable development ; natural resource management ; sustainable cocoa production ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Social cohesion plays a key role in processes of peacebuilding and sustainable development. Fostering social cohesion might present a potential to enhance the connection of natural resource management and peacebuilding and better functioning of sustainable land use systems. This contribution explores the nexus between social cohesion, natural resource management, and peacebuilding. We do so by (1) reviewing literature on the three concepts and (2) studying four different key action areas in the context of sustainable cocoa production for their potential to enhance social cohesion, namely (a) agroforestry; (b) cooperatives; (c) certification schemes; and (d) trade policies. Research is based on experience from cocoa production in two post-conflict countries, Côte d’Ivoire and Colombia. Our findings show that by fostering environmentally sustainable agricultural practices, these key action areas have a clear potential to foster social cohesion among cocoa producers and thus provide a valuable contribution to post-conflict peacebuilding in both countries. However, the actual effects strongly depend on a multitude of local factors which need to be carefully taken into consideration. Further, the focus in implementation of some of these approaches tends to be on increasing agricultural productivity and not directly on fostering cocoa farmers’ wellbeing and societal relations, and hence a shift toward social objectives is needed in order to strengthen these approaches as a part of overall peacebuilding strategies.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 154
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  101,2, Seiten 575-605
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press
    Angaben zur Quelle: 101,2, Seiten 575-605
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Enduring and accumulated advantages and disadvantages in work and family lives remain invisible in studies focusing on single outcomes. Further, single outcome studies tend to conflate labor market inequalities related to gender, race, and family situation. We combine an intersectional and quantitative life course perspective to analyze parallel work and family lives for Black and White men and women aged 22–44. Results using sequence analysis and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) show that White men enjoy privileged opportunities to combine work and family life and elicit specific gendered and racialized constraints for Black men and women and White women. Black women experience the strongest interdependence between work and family life: events in their work lives constrain and condition their family lives and vice versa. For Black men, stable partnerships and career success mutually support and sustain each other over the life course. In contrast, for Black women, occupational success goes along with the absence of stable partnerships. Precarious and unstable employment is associated with early single parenthood for all groups supporting instability spillovers between life domains that are most prevalent among Black women, followed by Black men. The findings highlight a sizeable group of resourceful Black single mothers who hold stable middle-class jobs and have often gone unnoticed in previous research. We conclude that economic interventions to equalize opportunities in education, employment, and earnings, particularly early in life, are more promising for reducing intersectional inequalities in work-family life courses than attempting to intervene in family lives.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 155
    ISSN: 1430-6387 , 1430-6387
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
    Publ. der Quelle: Baden-Baden : Nomos
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32,2021,2, Seiten 313-335
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Network ; Cybernetics ; Digitalization ; Governance ; Networks ; Public policy ; Interpretive social science ; Methodology ; Social imaginaries ; Critical conceptual history ; Sociology of knowledge ; Political theory ; Boltanski ; Bevir ; Foucault ; Floridi ; Wicked problems ; Intellectual history ; Knowledge order ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In this article, I argue for an interpretive approach to digitalization research that analyzes the concepts, narratives, and belief systems in digitalization debates. I illustrate this methodological proposal by assessing the spread of network ideas. Many political actors and digitalization researchers follow network ideas, e.g. by claiming that the rise of a network society must lead to network governance. In contrast to this narrative, I argue that there are multiple visions of the digital society, each of which follows a specific pattern of epistemology, social imaginary, and political proposals. These competing self-interpretations must be investigated by digitalization research in order to map and evaluate different pathways into a digital society. For doing so, critical conceptual analysis draws on political theory, critical conceptual history, and the sociology of knowledge. It offers two major benefits for digitalization research. Firstly, it provides a systematic overview of competing governance rationalities in the digital society, enabling a critical evaluation of their potentials and proposals. Secondly, it enhances the methodological rigor of digitalization research by reviewing the narratives researchers themselves tell. I substantiate these claims by analyzing and historicizing the above network narrative. Tracing it back to cybernetics, I show that it has been used multiple times in efforts to reshape the way we think about society and politics, including our concepts of subjectivity, power, and governance.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2022
    Angaben zur Quelle: 101,2, Seiten 606-638
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: To explain single-mother poverty, existing research has either emphasized individualistic, or contextual explanations. Building on the prevalences and penalties framework (Brady et al. 2017), we advance the literature on single-mother poverty in three aspects: First, we extend the framework to incorporate heterogeneity among single mothers across countries and over time. Second, we apply this extended framework to Germany, the United Kingdom and Sweden, whose trends in single-mother poverty (1990–2014) challenge ideal-typical examples of welfare state regimes. Third, using decomposition analyses, we demonstrate variation across countries in the relative importance of prevalences and penalties to explain time trends in single-mother poverty. Our findings support critiques of static welfare regime typologies, which are unable to account for policy change and poverty trends of single mothers. We conclude that we need to understand the combinations of changes in single mothers’ social compositions and social policy contexts, if we want to explain time trends in single-mother poverty.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 157
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Sociology of religion 83,2021,2, Seiten 252-279
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Sociology of religion
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Pr., 2022
    Angaben zur Quelle: 83,2021,2, Seiten 252-279
    DDC: 230
    Keywords: Latin America ; Protestant Christianity ; social change ; missionaries ; community cohesion ; Christentum ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Do Protestant missionaries affect community cohesion? This study puts forth two mechanisms that link missionaries to trusting, cooperative community life: pro-social preferences and social networks. On the one hand, Protestant missionaries espouse charity, and they establish regular venues of social interaction. On the other hand, Protestant missionaries propagate an individualist faith, and they provide an identity along which communities may separate. The effect of Protestant missionaries on community cohesion is thus unclear. To make headway on these conflicting theoretical predictions, we study variation in missionary activity in southeastern Peru. We document that villages with Protestant missions show lower levels of community cohesion compared to non-missionized, Catholic villages. We point to weakened networks as the most likely causal channel and show that effect sizes are particularly large among Pentecostal missionaries.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (123 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 388
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; autonomes Fahren ; automatisierte Fahrzeuge ; Reisezeitwert ; Reisezeitbewertung ; Nutzerakzeptanz ; Nutzerpräferenzen ; Modalwahlentscheidungen ; diskreten Wahlentscheidungsmodelle ; Fokusgruppendiskussionen ; autonomous driving ; automated vehicles ; value of time ; value of travel time savings ; user acceptance ; user preferences ; mode choices ; discrete choice models ; focus group discussions ; Verkehr ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Psychologie
    Abstract: Autonomes Fahren (AF) wird potenziell die Präferenzen für die im Auto verbrachte Zeit stark beeinflussen und dementsprechend den Wert der Reisezeit, der ein Schlüsselelement von Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen im Verkehr ist. Die Untersuchung dieses Aspekts des AF ist daher entscheidend für die Analyse potenzieller Auswirkungen der Technik auf die zukünftige Verkehrsnachfrage. Trotz der steigenden Anzahl an Studien zu diesem Thema, gibt es noch erhebliche Forschungslücken. Der Fokus der Dissertation ist die potenziellen Änderungen des Reisezeitwerts, die durch das AF entstehen, zu messen sowie ihre Determinanten zu analysieren. Es wurden sowohl qualitative Ansätze als auch quantitative Methoden verwendet. Dabei wurden zwei Konzepte von AF betrachtet: privates und geteiltes autnomes Fahrzeug. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen zeigen einen niedrigeren Wert der Reisezeitersparnis beim AF im Vergleich zum manuellen Fahren, allerdings nur auf Pendelwegen. Das private Fahrzeug wird als eine attraktivere Option als ein geteiltes Fahrzeug wahrgenommen, jedoch unterscheiden sich die Nutzerpräferenzen für geteilte Fahrzeug stark zwischen den durchgeführten Studien. Individuelle Charakteristiken, wie Erfahrung mit Fahrassistenzsystemen, beeinflussen stark die Wahrnehmung der Zeit im AF; andere sozio-demographischen Faktoren, wie Alter und Geschlecht haben vor allem einen indirekten Effekt auf den Reisezeitwert indem sie Einstellungen potenzieller Nutzer beeinflussen. Die Verbesserung des Fahrterlebnisses durch das AF und das Vertrauen in die Technik sind wichtige Determinanten der Reisezeitwahrnehmung. Fahrvergnügen und andere wahrgenommene Vorteile vom manuellen Fahren gleichen in einem gewissen Ausmaß den Nutzen vom AF aus. Es wurden Reisezeitwerte für unterschiedliche potenzielle Nutzersegmente berechnet. Abschließend wurden politische Implikationen, Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung von AF sowie Empfehlungen für künftige Studien und potenziellen Forschungsgebiete abgeleitet.
    Abstract: Autonomous driving will potentially strongly affect preferences for time spent in a vehicle and, consequently, the value of travel time savings (VTTS). As VTTS is a key element of cost-benefit analysis for transport, these interrelations are crucial for analysing the potential impact of the technology on future travel demand. Despite the increasing number of studies dedicated to this topic there are still many unanswered questions. The focus of the thesis is to measure potential changes in the VTTS resulting from the introduction of autonomous driving and analyse their determinants. Qualitative approaches and quantitative methods were used. Two concepts of AVs were considered: a privately-owned AV (PAV) and a shared AV (SAV). The analysis results suggest lower VTTS for autonomous driving compared to manual driving, but only on commuting trips. A PAV is perceived as a more attractive option than an SAV, but user preferences for SAVs vary between the conducted studies. Individual characteristics, such as experience with advanced driver assistance systems, strongly affect the perception of time in an AV; other socio-demographic factors, such as age and gender, affect mode choices and the VTTS mainly indirectly by influencing the attitudes of potential users. The improvement in travel experiences due to autonomous driving and trust in the technology are important determinants of the perception of travel time. Enjoyment of driving and other perceived benefits of manual driving partially counterbalance the utility of riding autonomously. VTTS for different potential user segments were calculated. In conclusion, several policy implications, development recommendations for AVs as well as recommendations for future studies and potential research avenues are derived from the findings.
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  • 159
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 10,4
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: female employment ; labor market ; COVID-19 ; economic recession ; unemployment during crisis ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Emerging research on the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic draws attention to the labor effects of the crisis in the Global South. Developing countries show high levels of labor informality, where most workers cannot work from home and depend on daily income. In addition, the scarce and late state aid makes it difficult for workers to cope with the economic hardships caused by the pandemic. This research explores the employment trajectories of workers throughout the ongoing pandemic in Chile: a neoliberal country with a strong male breadwinner culture and high levels of income inequality. Using longitudinal non-probabilistic data for Chilean employment, this study finds that men lost their jobs to a lesser extent and returned to the labor market faster than women. Likewise, male workers with family (with a partner and young children) remained employed in a higher proportion than female workers with family, and most of these women shifted from employment into care work. The existing literature already pointed out how economic crises can have adverse effects on progress towards gender equality, and the current economic crisis seems to be no exception. Labor informality and low-skilled jobs were highly related to unemployment during the first months of COVID in Chile. These are important variables in a developing economy such as Chile, where around one-third of the population works under these conditions. This article concludes by reflecting on the importance of addressing the present crisis and future economic recovery with a gender perspective.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 160
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 89,6, Seiten 1126-1142
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: age differences ; career ; development ; employment ; first job ; gender differences ; life event ; life transition ; longitudinal ; retirement ; Psychologie ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: Objective At work, people are confronted with clear behavioral expectations. In line with the Social Investment Principle, the beginning and ending of working life might thus promote changes in personality traits that are relevant at work (e.g., Conscientiousness). Method Based on the data from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), we examined nuanced differences of the Big Five personality traits in the years around the beginning and ending of working life. Whether participants had started working or retired in the past year was assessed yearly. The Big Five personality traits were assessed in four waves between 2005 and 2017. Results In people who started working, multilevel analyses revealed that Conscientiousness was higher in the first year of working life versus all other years. Extraversion was higher in and after the first year of working life versus before, and Agreeableness increased gradually in the three years after people had started working. In people who retired, Conscientiousness was lower in and after the first year of retirement versus before. No other traits differed around the start of retirement. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the start of working life might promote personality maturation and that retirement might promote personality “relaxation.”
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 161
    ISSN: 1488-3473 , 1488-3473
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht : Springer
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23,4, Seiten 1685-1709
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Spatiality ; Social stress ; Refugee women ; Reception centers ; Privacy ; Resettlement ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This study takes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the multi-dimensionality of social stress within the spatiality of initial refugee reception centers in Berlin. By focusing particularly on the experiences of women who fled from Syria and Afghanistan, it situates this humanitarian issue within an analytical framework of gender-sensitive and culturally sensitive research and policymaking. Through qualitative interviews with 11 refugee women, the connection between the spatiality of initial reception centers and social stress is explored. This is done by thematically coding the data collected in the context of nine different initial reception centers across various districts in the city of Berlin. The study shows that in terms of the intercultural needs and practices of these women, social stress is triggered by a lack of essential privacy within the spatiality of these structures. However, privacy is not limited to a physical enclosure—it is about having control/freedom over different aspects of everyday life. This article highlights intercultural gaps in gender-sensitive and protection considerations during humanitarian responses.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 162
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  ,84, Seiten 35-48
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,84, Seiten 35-48
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: More-than-Human ; Eating Body ; Microbiome ; Anticipation ; Food Security ; Ernährungssicherheit ; Antizipation ; Eating Body ; More-than-Human ; Mikrobiom ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: This paper is concerned with emergent more-than-human eating practices and how they might challenge received understandings of bio- and geopolitics.After a brief review of the anthropology of food and eating and how its concerns may have to be expanded in the Anthropocene, we briefly analyse three empirical cases of anticipatory more-than-human eating practices: a set of artistic anticipations of future eating; microbiome research and related biohacking practices; and research on future food security in the context of planetary boundaries. We discuss how all three cases make the boundaries between body|mind|environment porous. The ‘I’ of the embodied human subject emerges as multiple – colonised and accompanied by a panoply of microorganisms. How might such a collective be subject to governance and ‘self’-technologies? We close by pleading for an experimental para-sitic anthropology that critically addresses emergent forms of bio/geopolitics in the Anthropocene.
    Abstract: In diesem Artikel befassen wir uns mit more-than-human Praktiken des Essens und inwiefern diese unser gegenwärtiges Verständnis von Bio- und Geopolitik in Frage stellen. Wir beginnen mit einem komprimierten Überblick über anthropologische Perspektiven auf Essen und Ernährung und diskutieren mögliche notwendige Erweiterungen der Anliegen dieser in der gegenwärtigen Epoche des Anthropozän. Im Anschluss stellen wir unsere Analyse drei empirischer Fallstudien von antizipativen more-than-human Praktiken des Essens dar: ein Set von künstlerischen Antizipationen von Essen der Zukunft; Mikrobiom-Forschung und damit verknüpfte Praktiken des Biohacking; und zuletzt einen Forschungskomplex zur deutschen Ernährungssicherheit im Kontext von planetarischen Belastungsgrenzen. Die Art und Weise, wie die Grenzen von Körper|Geist|Umwelt in diesen drei Fällen porös gemacht werden, steht im Fokus unserer Analyse. Das Ich des verkörperten menschlichen Subjekts, so wird deutlich, tritt als multipel hervor – kolonisiert und begleitet von einer Vielfalt von Mikroorganismen. Wie könnte ein solches Kollektiv zum Subjekt von Governance und von Technologien des Selbst werden? Wir schließen mit einem Plädoyer für eine experimentelle para-sitische Anthropologie, die eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit entstehenden Formen von Bio- und Geopolitik im Anthropozän ermöglicht.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 163
    ISSN: 0143-005X , 0143-005X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : BMJ Publ. Group
    Angaben zur Quelle: 76,4, Seiten 350-353
    DDC: 610
    Keywords: infections ; health inequalities ; social class ; COVID-19 ; communicable diseases ; Medizin und Gesundheit ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Background: Evidence on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and infections with SARS-CoV-2 is still limited as most of the available studies are ecological in nature. This is the first German nationwide study to examine differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections according to SEP at the individual level. Methods: The ‘CORONA-MONITORING bundesweit’ (RKI-SOEP) study is a seroepidemiological survey among a dynamic cohort of the German adult population (n=15 122; October 2020–February 2021). Dried blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and oral-nasal swabs for viral RNA. SEP was measured by education and income. Robust logistic regression was used to examine adjusted associations of SARS-CoV-2 infections with SEP. Results: 288 participants were seropositive, PCR positive or self-reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The adjusted odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection were 1.87-fold (95% CI 1.06 to 3.29) higher among low-educated than highly educated adults. Evidence was weaker for income differences in infections (OR=1.65; 95% CI 0.89 to 3.05). Highly educated adults had lower odds of undetected infection. Conclusion: The results indicate an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in low-educated groups. To promote health equity in the pandemic and beyond, social determinants should be addressed more in infection protection and pandemic planning.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 164
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  51,3, Seiten 414-438
    ISSN: 0306-3127 , 0306-3127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London, England : SAGE Publications
    Angaben zur Quelle: 51,3, Seiten 414-438
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: scientific misconduct ; visibility ; sanctions ; punitiveness ; transparency ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Sanctions for plagiarism, falsification and fabrication in research are primarily symbolic. This paper investigates sanctions for scientific misconduct and their preceding investigation processes as visible and legitimate symbols. Using three different data sources (retraction notices, expert interviews, and a survey of scientists), we show that sanctions for scientific misconduct operate within a cycle of visibility, in which sanctions are highly visible, while investigation and decision-making procedures remain mostly invisible. This corresponds to high levels of acceptance of sanctions in the scientific community, but a low acceptance of the respective authorities. Such a punitiveness in turn exacerbates confidentiality concerns, so that authorities become even more secretive. We argue that punitiveness towards scientific misconduct is driven by such a cycle of invisibility.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
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  • 165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
    Angaben zur Quelle: 6
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: impact ; knowledge transfer ; science-society interfaces ; scientific advice ; research utilization ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Science is increasingly expected to help in solving complex societal problems in collaboration with societal stakeholders. However, it is often unclear under what conditions this can happen, i.e., what kind of challenges occur when science interacts with society and what kind of quality expectations prevail. This is particularly pertinent for Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), which are part of the object they study and whose knowledge is always subject to provisionality. Here we discuss how SSH researchers can contribute to societal problems, what challenges might occur when they interact with societal stakeholders, and what quality expectations arise in these arrangements. We base our argumentation on the results of an online consultation among 125 experts in Germany (representatives from SSH, learned societies, stakeholders from different societal groups, and relevant intermediaries).
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 166
    Language: English
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 13,21
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: climate activism ; Fridays for Future ; Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) ; transformative learning ; Environmental Citizenship (EC) ; shift in consciousness ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: For about two years, the climate youth activism initiative Fridays for Future has addressed climate emergency, receiving considerable attention because of their consistent protests every week in many different locations worldwide. Based on empirical studies in Austria and Portugal, this paper investigates the motivations of students to participate in the movement and the solutions proposed by young activists to fight against climate emergency. Moreover, we discuss the integration of climate change activism into ESD (education for sustainable development) and transformative learning processes, and how this enables environmental citizenship. The results of the studies reveal that emotions and feelings of solidarity and collective aims are motives to participate in the strikes. The young activists sometimes propose innovative and sometimes radical solutions to climate emergency. Both demonstrations and exhibitions as forms of bottom-up climate activism initiatives contribute to engagement in political dialogue and scientific knowledge transfer. They can be seen as “triggers of change” for transformative learning.
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  • 167
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  26,4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wolfville, Nova Scotia : Resilience Alliance
    Angaben zur Quelle: 26,4
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: green-blue infrastructure ; Halle ; mental mapping ; recreation ; sense of place ; tacit knowledge ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In comparison to the study of green space use, the study of its non-use or rejection is greatly understudied. Neighborhood managers and members of local gardening initiatives of Halle-Newtown, Germany, state that residents ignore local green-blue infrastructure (GBI) for recreational use. Halle-Newtown is a former showcase, large prefabricated socialist housing estate that is now facing an increase of households deprived in multiple ways. We are interested in the question of why people of Halle-Newtown refuse to use local GBI. In order to uncover potential barriers to the enjoyment of the ecosystem service benefits of local GBI, we have chosen the method of mental mapping to explore place attachment in Halle-Newtown. In summer 2018, about 100 residents of Halle-Newtown described the places they prefer when relaxing from a stressful and hot summer day. The results were surprising. Local GBI, be it created in socialist times or recently, was completely absent from their mental maps. Instead, people would overcome longer distances and cover higher costs to reach central green spaces. Tacit knowledge, namely the untold general rejection of the entire neighborhood by the residents, was found to be the deeper reason behind non-use of GBI and missing place attachment. The results uncovered that both neighborhood neglect and the multi-scalar character of urban recreational ideas/behavior are factors that help us to understand non-use of urban GBI, two key insights for urban planning.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 168
    ISSN: 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 Seiten)
    Additional Information: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021 ,84, Seiten 1-106 2702-2536
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Ontological Turn(s) ; Ecology ; Human-Environmental Relationships ; Anthropology ; STS ; Ontologische Wende(n) ; Ökologie ; Mensch-Umwelt Beziehungen ; Anthropology ; STS ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: This issue explores multiple worlds and the multifarious being and becoming of and in worlds, revealing ecological moments of engagement with the environment to scrutinize power dimensions, structural inequalities, and inter­pretational sovereignty over knowledge production and the constitution and forming of worlds. The issue brings together ethnographic contributions from anthropology and STS that critically elaborate on a concept of the environment as deeply entangled with multiple ways of being within plural temporalities in multiple localities. In doing so, the contributions urge us to pay attention to a relational otherwise that pivots in transversal (research-)fields to hint at ways to rebel against ontonorms and to intervene politically in predominant human-environment relationships.
    Abstract: Diese Ausgabe untersucht multiple Welten und das vielfältige Sein und Werden von und in Welten. Die ethnographischen Studien aus dem Bereich der ontologischen Wende(n) enthüllen ökologische Momente der Auseinandersetzung mit der Umwelt und erforschen dabei Dimensionen von Macht, Ungleichheitsstrukturen und Deutungshoheit über Wissensproduktion sowie über die Konstitution und Formierung von Welten. Die Ausgabe versammelt Beiträge aus Anthropologie und STS, die auf kritische Weise ein Konzept von Umwelt als tief verwoben und verstrickt mit multiplen Seinsweisen im Rahmen pluraler Zeitlichkeiten in vielfältigen Lokalitäten herausarbeiten. Dabei fordern die Beiträge auf ein relationales Anderssein zu achten, das sich in transversalen (Forschungs-)Feldern kristallisiert und Hinweise darauf gibt, wie ein Auflehnen gegen Ontonormen aussehen kann und wie sich in dominanten Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehungen intervenieren lässt.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 169
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  146,1–2, Seiten 1-10
    ISSN: 0044-2666 , 0044-2666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Reimer
    Angaben zur Quelle: 146,1–2, Seiten 1-10
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Note: published first as (erstmalig folgendermaßen erschienen): Simon Holdermann, Christoph Lange, Michaela Schäuble, Martin Zillinger: “Rethinking New Media and Mediterranean Publics”. In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie / Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology 146.1–2 (2021), Special Issue “Rethinking the Mediterranean”, pages 1–10. Die Zweitveröffentlichung dieses Artikels unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) erfolgte mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Reimer Verlags.
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  • 170
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: migration ; digital ; platforms ; labour ; deliveroo ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: The article takes the surprising exit of the food delivery platform Deliveroo from Berlin as a starting point to analyse the relationship between migration and the gig economy. In Berlin and many cities across the globe, migrant workers are indispensable to the operations of digital platforms such as Uber, Helpling, or Deliveroo. The article uses in-depth ethnographic and qualitative research to show how the latter's exit from Berlin provides an almost exemplary picture of why urban gig economy platforms are strongholds of migrant labour, while at the same time, demonstrating the very contingency of this form of work. The article analyses the specific reasons why digital platforms are particularly open to migrants and argues that the very combination of new forms of algorithmic management and hyper-flexible forms of employment that is characteristic of gig economy platforms is also the reason why these platforms are geared perfectly toward the exploitation of migrant labour. This allows the analysis of digital platforms in the context of stratified labour markets and situates them within a long history of contingent labour that is closely intertwined with the mobility of labour.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 171
    ISSN: 0891-2416 , 0891-2416
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 50,1, Seiten 77-98
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: reflexivity ; collaboration ; ethnographic knowledge production ; anthropology ; interpretative authority ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: In ethnographic research and analysis, reflexivity is vital to achieving constant coordination between field and concept work. However, it has been conceptualized predominantly as an ethnographer’s individual mental capacity. In this article, we draw on ten years of experience in conducting research together with partners from social psychiatry and mental health care across different research projects. We unfold three modes of achieving reflexivity co-laboratively: contrasting and discussing disciplinary concepts in interdisciplinary working groups and feedback workshops; joint data interpretation and writing; and participating in political agenda setting. Engaging these modes reveals reflexivity as a distributed process able to strengthen the ethnographer’s interpretative authority, and also able to constantly push the conceptual boundaries of the participating disciplines and professions.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 172
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  31,3, Seiten 253-266
    ISSN: 0958-9287 , 0958-9287
    Language: English
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 31,3, Seiten 253-266
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: social investment ; gender ; welfare state reform ; attitudes ; public opinion ; Politikwissenschaft (Politik und Regierung) ; Wirtschaft ; Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste; Verbände ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This article contributes to the study of the demand side of welfare politics by investigating gender differences in social investment preferences systematically. Building on the different functions of social investment policies in creating, preserving, or mobilizing skills, we argue that women do not support social investment policies generally more strongly than men. Rather, women demand, in particular, policies to preserve their skills during career interruptions and help to mobilize their skills on the labour market. In a second analytical step, we examine women’s policy priorities if skill preservation and mobilization come at the expense of social compensation. We test our arguments for eight Western European countries with data from the INVEDUC survey. The confirmation of our arguments challenges a core assumption of the literatures on the social investment turn and women’s political realignment. We discuss the implication of our findings in the conclusion.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
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  • 173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wolfville : Resilience Alliance
    Angaben zur Quelle: 26,4
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: interdisciplinarity ; knowledge ; learning ; reflexivity ; stakeholders ; transdisciplinarity ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Inter- and transdisciplinary research projects bring with them both challenges and opportunities for learning among all stakeholders involved. This is a particularly relevant aspect in social-ecological research projects, which deal with complex real-world systems and wicked problems involving various stakeholders’ interests, needs, and views, while demanding expertise from a wide range of disciplines. Despite its importance in such research efforts, the learning process is often not the primary focus of investigation and therefore the knowledge about it remains limited. Here, we put forward an analytical framework that was developed to assess the learning process of both the research team and other participating stakeholders within the scope of an international transdisciplinary project dealing with urban green and blue infrastructure. The framework is structured around five dimensions of the learning process: “Why learn?” (the purpose of knowledge generation and sharing); “What to learn about?” (the types of knowledge involved); “Who to learn with?” (the actors involved); “How to learn?” (the methods and tools used); 'When to learn?' (the timing of different stages). We developed an interview protocol to operationalize the framework and tested our approach through interviews with project researchers. Based on our empirical results, we draw main lessons learned that can inform other transdisciplinary projects. These include capitalizing on what already exists, addressing trade-offs inherent to different types of knowledge, fostering inter- and transdisciplinarity, engaging stakeholders, supporting a learning environment and fostering reflexivity. Besides the empirical insights and the lessons we present, the main contribution of this research lies in the analytical framework we developed, accompanied by a protocol to apply it in practice. The framework can capture the learning process taking place in transdisciplinary research more comprehensively than similar existing frameworks. The five intertwined dimensions it covers are essential to understand and plan such learning processes.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 174
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  43,4, Seiten 1117-1135
    ISSN: 0192-513X , 0192-513X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Beverly Hills, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage Publications, Inc.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,4, Seiten 1117-1135
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: spousal intimate relationship ; marriage ; fertility ; Iran ; pure relationship ; Giddens ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The fertility influence of spousal intimate relationships is unknown. Drawing on the Giddens’s theory of transformation of intimacy, this study proposed a hypothesis that couples supporting egalitarian intimate relationships, with a greater risk profile attached to the relationship, and having less attachments to the external normative pressures shaping marital relations, are more likely to have low-fertility intentions and preferences. Using data from a self-administered pilot survey (n = 375 prospective grooms and brides) designed by the authors, and employing multivariate regression models, we found that the lower attachment to external social forces in mate selection was associated with the lower ideal number of children, and those with a greater spousal relational egalitarianism and a higher risk profile attached to their relationships preferred lower number of children and were less likely to intend to have children after marriage. The study sheds new light on the determinants of low fertility.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 175
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; umweltbezogene Friedenskonsolidierung ; Ressourcenkonflikt ; Naher Osten ; Westafrika ; Environmental peacebuilding ; Resource conflict ; Middle East ; West Africa ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Trotz ihrer zunehmenden wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Bedeutung sind die Zusammenhänge zwischen Umwelt und Friedenskonsolidierung (engl. peacebuilding) noch wenig erforscht. Während in der Forschungsliteratur mehrere Möglichkeiten identifiziert werden, wie gemeinsam genutzte natürliche Ressourcen als Katalysatoren für den Frieden zwischen Konfliktparteien fungieren können, gibt es kaum empirische Belege für eine direkte Verbindung zwischen Umweltkooperation und nachhaltigem Frieden. Diese Dissertation untersucht umweltbezogene Friedenskonsolidierung (engl. environmental peacebuilding) und vertieft das theoretische Verständnis des Phänomens durch eine systematische Übersicht des Forschungsstands sowie zwei empirische Fallstudien. Auf diese Weise trägt die vorliegende Arbeit zur dringend benötigten konzeptionellen Schärfung und gleichzeitig zu einem empirisch fundierten Verständnis von Environmental Peacebuilding bei. Die Dissertation ist kumulativ aufgebaut und besteht aus drei Forschungsarbeiten. Das erste Paper befasst sich mit den Bausteinen des Environmental Peacebuilding und nimmt eine Bestandsaufnahme des Phänomens vor. Es schlägt Wege und Möglichkeiten vor, wie der Fokus von Umweltkonflikten auf Umweltkooperation und Frieden verlagert werden kann. Die beiden Fallstudien basieren auf qualitativen Methoden und untersuchen, wie Environmental Peacebuilding in zwei unterschiedlichen Kontexten, dem Nahen Osten und Westafrika, abläuft. Mit diesen beiden Arbeiten leistet die Dissertation einen empirischen Beitrag zur Environmental-Peacebuilding-Forschung und schließt eklatante Forschungslücken insbesondere hinsichtlich der Rolle von lokalen Gemeinschaften und privaten Akteuren im Environmental Peacebuilding.
    Abstract: Despite their increasing prominence in both research and practice, the interlinkages between the biophysical environment and peacebuilding remain under-researched. While the literature identifies several mechanisms through which shared natural resources can function as catalysts for peace between conflicting parties, empirical evidence asserting a direct link between environmental cooperation and sustainable peace remains scarce. This dissertation examines environmental peacebuilding. It does so by providing a better theoretical understanding of the phenomenon through a literature review and two empirical case studies. In so doing, this dissertation provides much needed conceptual clarity as well as empirical evidence on environmental peacebuilding. This dissertation is cumulative and consists of three research papers. The first paper deals with the building blocks of environmental peacebuilding and takes stock of the phenomenon. It proposes a coherent framework through which focus can be shifted from environmental conflicts to environmental cooperation and peace thereby also adding to the ‘how’ of environmental peacebuilding. The two case studies are based on qualitative methods. They explore how environmental peacebuilding unrolls in two different contexts, the Middle East and West Africa. With these two papers, this dissertation contributes empirical evidence to the environmental peacebuilding literature and fills gaps in the research, especially concerning the role of local communities and private actors in environmental peacebuilding processes.
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  • 176
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 Seiten)
    DDC: 755
    Keywords: Bericht ; Religion ; Ecology ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Sustainable Development ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Religion ; Christentum ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Internationale Beziehungen
    Abstract: Climate change and environmental degradation are threatening livelihoods in many parts of the world. One of the regions most affected is Southern Africa. To develop pathways into a sustainable future, fundamental socioecological transformations are needed. By fundamentally shaping world views, religion can be an important source of sustainable development. Against this background, this report elucidates the role of religious communities for ecological sustainability in Southern Africa, with respect to their theologies, lived religions and activities. It summarizes, discusses and contextualizes the results of two transdisciplinary consultations that involved academics, development practitioners, environmental activists and religious leaders. The report provides resources for religious communities and faith-based organizations (FBOs). It engages in ecotheological debates and highlights best practice examples of Southern African religious communities' environmental initiatives. Overall, the report and the various examples presented substantiate the hypothesis that religious communities in Southern Africa possess great potential for ecological sustainability and increasingly use this potential to promote ecological sustainability at various levels. Finally, the report highlights policy recommendations for governmental and intergovernmental actors, religious communities and FBOs for further engagement with ecological sustainability in Southern Africa.
    Abstract: Not Reviewed
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  • 177
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  6,2, Seiten 91-102
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Lisbon : Cogitatio Press
    Angaben zur Quelle: 6,2, Seiten 91-102
    DDC: 303
    Keywords: agonism ; cities ; communicative planning theory ; far right ; local democracy ; municipal government ; participation ; populism ; racism ; urban governance ; Soziale Prozesse
    Abstract: This article investigates how municipal governments negotiate far-right contestations through the format of citizens’ dialogues and contemplates to what extent they disrupt established assumptions about participatory urban governance. In doing so, I want to contribute to emerging scholarship on reactionary responses to migration-led societal transformations in cities via scrutinising their effects on institutional change in participatory practices. Building on participatory urban governance literature and studies on the far right in the social sciences, I argue that inviting far-right articulations into the democratic arena of participation serves to normalise authoritarian and racist positions, as the far right’s demand for more direct involvement of ‘the people’ is expressed in reactionary terms. I will show how this applies to two prominent notions of participation in the literature, namely, agonistic and communicative approaches. This argument is developed through an explorative case study of two neighbourhood-based citizens’ dialogues in Cottbus, East Germany, which the municipal government initiated in response to local far-right rallies. While a careful reading of these forums reveals productive potentials when the issue of international migration is untangled from context-specific, socio-spatial problems in the neighbourhoods, my analysis also shows how the municipality’s negotiation of far-right contestations within the citizens’ dialogues serves to legitimise far-right ideology. I find that to negotiate today’s societal polarisation, municipal authorities need to rethink local participatory institutions by disentangling these complex dynamics and reject far-right contestations, while designing dialogues for democratic and emancipatory learning.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 178
    ISSN: 1474-4740 , 1474-4740
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London, England : SAGE Publications
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,2, Seiten 319-339
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: assemblage ; Berlin ; Detroit ; green space ; informal ; Geografie und Reisen ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: This paper offers an exploratory overview of different research literatures examining the relationship between urban nature or green space on the one hand, and marginalized, stigmatized, and illicit activities on the other. We situate this discussion within the geographic literature concerning assemblage theory and informality, and apply these concepts to urban green space. We offer some comparative examples from Detroit and Berlin, two cities known for their green space and illicit activity, but with very different histories and cultural contexts. For this purpose, we draw on our own primary research in both Detroit and Berlin, examining how the dynamics of these interactions produce diverse and distinctive urban places in some cases and associations of danger or insecurity in others, sometimes both simultaneously. We utilize diverse methodologies, including qualitative interviews and focus groups, mobile explorations, photography, and sketching to provide examples of spaces as complex assemblages of actors with diverse, emergent potentials. We conclude by contending that green spaces and urban nature belong on the same map as studies of informal and illicit activities, adopting a more fluid conception of the shifting relationship between people and green space in the evolving city.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
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  • 179
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  ,84, Seiten 49-61
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,84, Seiten 49-61
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Ontological Politics ; Resistance ; Multispecies Ethnography ; Plantations ; Organic Agriculture ; Ontologische Politiken ; Widerstand ; Multispezies-Ethnographie ; Plantagen ; Ökologische Landwirtschaft ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: This article investigates the multiple ontological politics of agriculture on Indian tea plantations from a more-than-human perspective. Plantation agriculture is an ontological politics that enacts authoritative simplifications of plant morphologies and is performed by precarious labour. Each plantation also comprises multiple other practices: the efforts of planters to reform the ecological relationships in their tea fields through organic cultivation techniques, the resistances of workers and supervisors to their working conditions, the unruly growth of tea plants, and the interventions of various other non-human species. The article uses multispecies ethnography to sketch how organic cultivation, labour resistance, and non-human agency negotiate monoculture production. This approach probes the potential of ontological perspectives to evoke multiple variations and minor contestations, while also accounting for the persistence of dominating ontologies.
    Abstract: Im Rahmen einer Multispezies-Ethnographie untersucht dieser Beitrag die vielfältigen ontologischen Politiken der Landwirtschaft auf indischen Teeplantagen. Zunächst werden die unterschiedlichen Praktiken herausgearbeitet, die an der Produktion der weitläufigen Monokulturen beteiligt sind. Auf Plantagen sind prekär beschäftigte Arbeiter*innen dafür zuständig, Pflanzenwachstum zu vereinheitlichen und zu optimieren. Bedeutend sind aber auch die Bemühungen der Pflanzer*innen um nachhaltigere Anbautechniken, der Widerstand der Arbeiter*innen und Aufseher*innen gegen ihre Arbeitsbedingungen, das oft widerspenstige Wachstum der Teepflanzen, und der Einfluß anderer nichtmenschlicher Spezies. Diese Betrachtung zeigt Abweichungen und Auseinandersetzungen innerhalb von dominierenden Praktiken und thematisiert so die (Un)Möglichkeiten des landwirtschaftlichen Wandels.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 180
    ISBN: 9781003044789
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (239 Seiten)
    DDC: 297
    Keywords: archaeology ; cemetery poetics ; decoloniality ; democratic transition ; ethnology ; European heritages ; Germans ; identity formations ; Islamic art ; materialities ; museum Islamania ; museum narratives ; Muslim-minority Russia ; Ottoman heritage ; poetry slam ; political discourse ; postcoloniality ; social life ; Spain’s Islamic heritage ; structural injustice approach ; Islam, Babismus, Bahaismus ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Islam and Heritage in Europe provides a critical investigation of the role of Islam in Europe’s heritage. Focusing on Islam, heritage and Europe, it seeks to productively trouble all of these terms and throw new light on the relationships between them in various urban, national and transnational contexts. Bringing together international scholars from a range of disciplines, this collection examines heritage-making and Islam in the context of current events in Europe, as well as analysing past developments and future possibilities. Presenting work based on ethnographic, historical and archival research, chapters are concerned with questions of diversity, mobility, decolonisation, translocality, restitution and belonging. By looking at diverse trajectories of people and things, this volume encompasses multiple perspectives on the relationship between Islam and heritage in Europe, including the ways in which it has played out and transformed against the backdrop of the ‘refugee crisis’ and other recent developments, such as debates on decolonising museums or the resurgence of nationalist sentiments. Islam and Heritage in Europe discusses specific articulations of belonging and non-belonging, and the ways in which they create new avenues for re-thinking Islam and heritage in Europe. This ensures that the book will be of interest to academics, researchers and postgraduate students engaged in the study of heritage, museums, Islam, Europe, anthropology, archaeology and art history.
    Note: The publication of this work was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 181
    ISBN: 9781003031536 , 9780367468576 , 9780367468583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (255 Seiten)
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: care ; city ; urban studies ; everyday life ; urban life ; social space ; encounter ; Care ; Stadt ; Stadtforschung ; Alltag ; Stadtleben ; Sozialraum ; Begegnung ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Medizin und Gesundheit
    Abstract: Care and the City is a cross-disciplinary collection of chapters examining urban social spaces, in which caring and uncaring practices intersect and shape people’s everyday lives. While asking how care and uncare are embedded in the urban condition, the book focuses on inequalities in caring relations and the ways they are acknowledged, reproduced, and overcome in various spaces, discourses, and practices. This book provides a pathway for urban scholars to start engaging with approaches to conceptualize care in the city through a critical-reflexive analysis of processes of urbanization. It pursues a systematic integration of empirical, methodological, theoretical, and ethical approaches to care in urban studies, while overcoming a crisis-centered reading of care and the related ambivalences in care debates, practices, and spaces. These strands are elaborated via a conceptual framework of care and situated within broader theoretical debates on cities, urbanization, and urban development with detailed case studies from Europe, the Americas, and Asia. By establishing links to various fields of knowledge, this book seeks to systematically introduce debates on care to the interconnecting fields of urban studies, planning theory, and related disciplines for the first time.
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  • 182
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (215 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2020
    DDC: 301
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Soziologie der Konventionen ; Soziologie der Bewertung ; Organisationssoziologie ; Kollektivbetriebe ; alternative Organisationen ; demokratische Organisationen ; französischer Pragmatismus ; Laurent Thévenot ; convention theory ; economy of conventions ; regimes of engagement ; valuation studies ; alternative organizations ; collective organizations ; democratic organizations ; french pragmatism ; economies of worth ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Diese Arbeit möchte verstehen, was es bedeutet gleichzeitig eine Gemeinschaft und ein Unternehmen zu sein, und welche Herausforderungen dadurch für die intraorganisationale Koordination entstehen. Wie vereinbaren alternative Betriebe unterschiedliche Menschen und Rationalitäten miteinander, ohne auf formale Hierarchien zurückzugreifen? In einer vergleichende Fallstudie von drei kleinen, direkt-demokratisch organisierten Kollektivbetrieben wird der Beziehung zwischen Koordination, Bewertung und Moralvorstellungen nachgegangen. Die Arbeit nutzt hierfür Laurent Thévenots pragmatischer Soziologie des Engagements. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit liefern einen Beitrag zu drei Forschungsbereichen: Die Arbeit liefert einen Beitrag zum Feld der „valuation studies“. Es wird gezeigt, dass die mit Bewertung verbundene Unsicherheit zu Prozessen führen kann, die mehr einer kollektiven Entdeckung, als einem Konflikt entsprechen. Darüber hinaus wird die zentrale Rolle von legitimen Differenzierungs- und Äquivalenzprinzipien für Kommensuration aufgezeigt. Die Arbeit liefert einen Beitrag zur Forschung zum Verhältnis von Koordination, Bewertung und Moralvorstellungen in Organisationen. Sie zeigt, dass ein theoretischer Rahmen, der unterschiedliche Grade der Generalisierung von Koordination beachtet, wichtige Erkenntnisse für das Verständnis intraorganisationaler Koordination liefert. Die Arbeit liefert einen Beitrag zur Forschung über Kollektivbetriebe und Genossenschaften. Indem die eingenommene Perspektive über die Analyse von Governance-Strukturen hinausgeht, wird die Dualität von Kollektivbetrieben als ein Problem der Balance zwischen unterschiedlichen Koordinationsmodi gerahmt. Aus dieser Perspektive ist die zentrale Spannung, die Kollektivbetriebe ausbalancieren müssen, eine zwischen auf Vertrautheit basierender Koordination und Koordination, die auf Generalisierung von Beziehungen beruht.
    Abstract: This thesis wants to understand how alternative firms deal with the complexity of balancing different rationalities in their intraorganizational coordination, in the absence of formal hierarchies. In a comparative case study of three small, democratically governed collective firms, the relationship between coordination and morality is analyzed. The majority of research on collective firms focuses on democratic governance structures, which risks to underestimate the importance of coordination that is based on intimate knowledge and personal relations. This is especially important to understand collective firms, which are dependent on lateral accountability and cooperation between their members. Consequently, this work is informed by the work of Laurent Thévenot which allows to understand coordination based on different levels of generalization. The results of this thesis contribute to three different areas of research: First, contributions are made to the field of valuation studies, by further developing insights on the notion of the test. The thesis also points out the central role of legitimate principles of difference and equivalence for successful commensuration, and the tension between particularity and generalization in standardizing evaluation devices. Second, the study contributes insights for scholarship on coordination and morality in organizations. It demonstrates that considering coordination based on different degrees of generality yields important insights on intraorganizational coordination. Finally, this study contributes to scholarship on cooperatives and collectivist organizations. The often noted duality of collective firms is reframed as the need to balance and mediate different modes of coordination. The study develops a heuristic concept, the composite relation, which explains how collectives are held together despite their central tension between particular and collective goods.
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  • 183
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  59,11, Seiten 2217-2233
    ISSN: 0042-0980 , 0042-0980
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage Publications Ltd.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 59,11, Seiten 2217-2233
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: gatekeepers ; housing market ; migration ; refugee accommodation ; residential segregation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In this article, we focus on ways in which ‘internal migration industries’ shape the housing location of refugees in cities. Based on empirical studies in Halle, Schwerin, Berlin, Stuttgart and Dresden, we bring two issues together. First, we show how a specific financialised accumulation model of renting out privatised public housing stock to disadvantaged parts of the population has emerged that increasingly targets migrant tenants. With the growing immigration of refugees to Germany since 2015, this model has intensified. Second, we discuss how access to housing is formed by informal agents. While housing is almost inaccessible for households on social welfare, the situation is even worse for refugees. This situation has given rise to a new ‘shadow economy’ for housing that offers services with dubious quality for excessive fees. Bringing these two issues together, we argue that housing provision to refugees has become a new business opportunity. This has given rise to a broad variety of ‘internal migration industries’ that provide the housing infrastructure, but also control access to housing. This not only results in new opportunities for profit extraction, but actively shapes new patterns of segregation and the concentration of refugees in particular types of disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
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  • 184
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Paulos, Julio Making planning public
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 301
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    Keywords: Stadtplanung ; Lebensqualität ; Kommunalpolitik ; Actor-Network-Theory ; Zürich ; Wien ; Lissabon ; Hochschulschrift ; Lissabon ; Wien ; Zürich ; Stadtplanung ; Lebensqualität ; Kommunalpolitik ; Actor-Network-Theory
    Note: Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 20. September 2021 , Veröffentlichung der elektronischen Ressource: 2021
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  • 185
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    ISSN: 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Ontological Turn ; Political Ontology ; Practical Ontologies ; Practical Ontology ; STS ; Ontologische Wende ; Politische Ontologie ; Praktische Ontologie ; Praktische Ontologien ; STS ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In this article I provide an overview and mini-genealogy of practical ontology and ontologies. Originating in sporadic formulations by Bruno Latour and by Geoff Bowker and Susan Leigh Star in the late 1990s, practical ontology provided a handle for thinking through issues relating to nonhuman agency and the composition of uncommon worlds, an emerging focus of interest in parts of STS at the time. Following a discussion of some these threads, I describe how practical ontology has subsequently been shaped in conversation with two partly related approaches: the ‘ontological turn’ articulated in Thinking Through Things and onwards with inspiration from Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and Marilyn Strathern, and political ontology given shape by Mario Blaser and Marisol de la Cadena. After touching upon issues including ethnographic concept formation and the aim of anthropology, the existence or otherwise of a one-world world, and questions of ontological politics, I end by suggesting that practical ontology assists in helping keep up to speed with the surprises of the multiverse.
    Abstract: Dieser Artikel bietet eine Kurz-Genealogie von Praktischer Ontologie und Praktischen Ontologien. Ursprünglich auf einzelne Formulierungen von Bruno Latour sowie von Geoff Bowker und Susan Leigh Star in den späten 1990er Jahren zurückgehend, bietet die Praktische Ontologie eine Möglichkeit, sich Fragen nicht-menschlichen Handelns und zur Zusammensetzung ungewöhnlicher Welten zu nähern und damit einen aufkommenden Interessensschwerpunkt zeitgenössischer STS zu bearbeiten. In diesem Beitrag werde ich nachzeichnen, wie die Praktische Ontologie aus zwei zum Teil verwandten und miteinander interagierenden Ansätzen entstanden ist: zum einen aus den Diskussionen um die 'ontologische Wende', die in Thinking Through Things artikuliert und mit Inspiration von Eduardo Viveiros de Castro und Marilyn Strathern ausgestaltet wurde; zum anderen aus der Politischen Ontologie, die durch Mario Blaser und Marisol de la Cadena Gestalt annahm. In meiner Darstellung Praktischer Ontologie berühre ich eine Reihe von weiteren Themen – wie ethnographische Begriffsbildungen und anthropologische Zielsetzungen, die Existenz oder Nicht-Existenz einer Eine-Welt-Welt und Fragen ontologischer Politik – und betone schließlich das Potential der Herangehensweise, die in der Lage ist mit den Überraschungen des Multiversums Schritt zu halten.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 186
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  ,83, Seiten 65-85
    ISSN: 2702-2536 , 2702-2536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021
    Angaben zur Quelle: ,83, Seiten 65-85
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: anthropology ; art ; curating ; collaboration ; colonial heritage ; ethnography ; Berlin ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Anthropological fieldwork is a collaborative practice, based and reliant on interactions and relations of trust and exchange. Yet, it is limited and enabled by the openings and closings, the stability and instability of relations between interlocutors, fieldworkers, and the many things that matter in between and around these relations. This article reflects on a series of public conversations called gallery reflections, which were instigated as a collaborative ethnographic practice with and within the gallery of the institute of foreign cultural relations (ifa) in Berlin-Mitte. The series addressed the legacies of German colonial heritage and the public role of anthropology against the backdrop of the construction of the Humboldt Forum and museum transformations. Investigating the notion of the anthropologist as sparring partner, this article probes into possible ways of conceiving curatorial-ethnographic collaborations as ‘instigative public fieldwork’.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 187
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Arlington : American Anthropological Association
    Angaben zur Quelle: 7
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Rezension ; academia ; anthropology ; journal ; scholarly publishing ; work ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Dokumentarische Medien, publizistische Medien, Unterrichtsmedien; Journalismus; Verlagswesen
    Note: published first as (erstmalig folgendermaßen erschienen): Marc Lange: “Behind the Scenes at American Anthropologist”. Review of “Scholarship, Money, and Prose: Behind the Scenes at an Academic Journal“ by Michael Chibnik, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020. In: Anthropology Book Forum, 15 March 2021. URL: https://www.anthropology-news.org/?book-review=behind-the-scenes-at-american-anthropologist / https://journals.sfu.ca/abf/index.php/abf/article/view/397
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  • 188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 Seiten)
    DDC: 230
    Keywords: Bericht ; Religion ; Development ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Africa ; African Initiated Churches ; Christentum ; Religion ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Internationale Beziehungen
    Abstract: This report summarises the results of the research project “Potentials of Cooperation with African Initiated Churches for Sustainable Development”, which was conducted by the Research Programme on Religious Communities and Sustainable Development at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin from 2017 to 2019 under the leadership of Wilhelm Gräb and Philipp Öhlmann. The project followed a potentials-oriented approach, highlighting the contributions of African Initiated Churches to the promotion of sustainable development. It also outlined new possibilities for German development cooperation.
    Abstract: Not Reviewed
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  • 189
    ISSN: 0863-1808 , 0863-1808
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Angaben zur Quelle: 31,2, Seiten 145-157
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 190
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (360 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 301
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Kontrollüberzeugungen ; intergenerationale Transmission ; sozio-öknoomischer Status ; Mediation ; Zwillingsstudie ; Interventionsstudie ; Mentoring ; locus of control ; transmission of soico-economic status ; SEM ; mentoring intervention ; twin study ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die Relevanz von Kontrollüberzeugungen in der intergenerationalen Transmission von sozialem Status. Motiviert ist die Arbeit von der Frage nach der Möglichkeit Chancengerechtigkeit durch die Verringerung herkunftsbedingter Unterschiede in Kontrollüberzeugungen zu erhöhen. Nach einer Einführung des zentralen Konstruktes werden im theoretischen Teil durch die Zusammenführung soziologischer und sozialpsychologischer Theorien potentielle Transmissionsmechanismen erörtert. Der empirische Teil prüft den postulierten Transmissionskanal anhand längsschnittlicher Daten. Um die Möglichkeit der Verringerung herkunftsbedingter Unterschiede in Kontrollüberzeugungen abzuschätzen wurde mit Hilfe von Zwillingsdaten und einer randomisiert kontrollierten Interventionsstudie untersucht wie stark Kontrollüberzeugung genetisch determiniert sind beziehungsweise von sozialen Faktoren innerhalb und außerhalb des familiären Kontextes beeinflusst werden. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Kontrollüberzeugungen den Einfluss des Herkunftsstatus auf den eigenen Status teilweise mediieren. In Übereinstimmung mit bisherigen Studien weisen die Ergebnisse der Zwillingsstudien darauf hin, dass Kontrollüberzeugungen in hohem sozial determiniert sind. Die Interventionsstudie indiziert ,dass Kontrollüberzeugungen gezielt verändert werden können. Im konkreten Fall konnten externe, fatalistische Kontrollüberzeugungen durch ein Mentoringprogramm verringert werden. Abschließend wird die gesellschaftliche Norm zur Internalität kritisch betrachtet. Sowohl internale als auch externale Kontrollüberzeugungen können adaptiv sein, sofern sie auf realistischen Einschätzungen der tatsächlich vorhandenen Kontrollmöglichkeiten basieren. Die Grenzen der tatsächlich vorhanden Kontrollmöglichkeiten zu erforschen und zu benennen wird als wichtiges Ziel soziologischer Forschung in diesem Bereich herausgestellt.
    Abstract: This dissertation aims to assess the role of locus of control (LoC) in the intergenerational transmission of social status as well as the potential to raise fair equality of opportunity by reducing the social gradient in LoC. After the core concept of locus of control is introduced, the theoretical part explicates the mechanisms through which social status is likely to be reproduced via LoC across generations. Structural equation modeling is used to assess the substantive importance of LoC in the intergenerational reproduction of social status using data from the British Cohort Study 1970. The evidence suggests that LoC partly mediates the influence of parents’ status on own status attainment: Children from low-SES households are less likely to be endowed with the type of LoC that benefits status attainment later in life. Hence LoC is a potential lever for reducing intergenerational status persistence. As the potency of this lever depends on the degree to which LoC is socially formed rather than genetically determined another aim was to provide evidence on the contribution of genetic inheritance and different social actors at different points in the life-span. Towards this end, information from a multi-cohort twin study and a randomized controlled intervention study were analyzed. The evidence suggests that extra-familial influences become more important in determining locus of control across age, and that a low-intensity mentoring program can reduce fatalistic LoC in low-status children, but not their overall locus of control. The overall discussion reflects upon a general social norm of internality. It is argued that internality and externality are functional if they are based on a realistic assessment of the boundaries of control. Providing empirical evidence for these boundaries is endorsed as an important goal for social scientific research.
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  • 191
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (253 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2019
    DDC: 320
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Alltagskorruption ; Informelle Praktiken ; Collective Action ; Demokratie ; Administrative corruption ; Informality ; Collective Action ; Democracy ; Politikwissenschaft (Politik und Regierung) ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Die explorative Studie nutzt qualitative Interviews mit einfachen Bürgern um das Problem der allgegenwärtigen und anhaltenden Alltagskorruption in post-sowjetischen Staaten zu analysieren. Es wird zum einen nach den zugrunde liegenden Einstellungen, Werten und Erwartungen der Klienten gefragt, die diese korrupt handeln lassen, zum anderen wird der Einfluss dieser alltäglichen informellen Praktiken auf Entwicklung und Qualität von demokratischen Institutionen in post-sowjetischen Staaten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse des ersten Teils legen nahe, dass sich der größte Einfluss auf die Bereitschaft zu korruptem Handeln aus der Kombination der Effekte aus sowjetischem Erbe und rationalem Verhalten, das die Situation als ein Problem kollektiven Handelns interpretiert, ergibt. Bezüglich der Frage nach der Wirkung von informellen Praktiken und mit ihnen einhergehenden sowjetischen Einstellungen auf die Entwicklung von funktionierenden demokratischen Institutionen zeigt die Studie eine Reihe von problematischen Aspekten auf: Zuvorderst den Vorzug von individuellen vor kollektiven Lösungen sowie den anhaltenden Effekt von informellen Netzwerken, kombiniert mit einer tiefen Abneigung gegenüber dem Staat und einem schwachen Gefühl der eigenen Wirksamkeit. Zusammengenommen bilden diese ein schwerwiegendes Hindernis für politische Partizipation und die Entwicklung eines gesellschaftlichen Gemeinschaftsgefühls. Entgegen der gängigen Forschungs-meinung hat diese Studie also gezeigt, dass bestimmte Formen von Korruption, genauer der besondere Typ der post-sowjetischen informellen Transaktionen, einen negativen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung demokratischer Institutionen haben und die Wirkungsrichtung zwischen Demokratie und Korruption nicht allein von schwachen demokratischen Institutionen zu mehr Korruption zeigt.
    Abstract: The explorative study uses qualitative interviews with ordinary citizens to examine the problem of pervasiveness and persistence of administrative corruption in the Soviet successor states. It analyses the problem on two levels, taking an interest in the underlying attitudes, values and expectations of why clients engage in corrupt transactions, and asking about the influence of these low-level informal practices on the development and quality of democratic institutions in post-soviet states. Regarding the former, the analysis established the combined effect of Soviet legacy and rational behaviour interpreting the situation as a problem of collective action. These two are the main drivers influencing the readiness for corrupt transactions. They mutually reinforce each other and the highest propensity to act corruptly is found when these two aspects coincide. The answer to the question whether the lasting impact of informal practices and Soviet attitudinal patterns going along with them conflicts with the development of well-functioning, democratic institutions was clearly affirmative. The study showed that it is particularly a preference of individual over collective solutions and the continued effect of persisting informal networks combined with a deep disregard of the state and a low feeling of agency that pose serious obstacles to the quality of political participation and to the sense of community on the societal level. Contrary to the common argument the study has therefore established that the causality in the nexus between democracy and corruption is not a one-way road leading from weak democratic institutions to higher levels of corruption, but that certain forms of corruption, more precisely the specific type of post-soviet informality, have a negative impact on the development of democratic institutions making causality follow a bidirectional path and constituting a vicious circle of informality.
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  • 192
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2020
    DDC: 300
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Zwangsumsiedlung ; Zuflucht ; Berlin ; Flüchtlingsfrauen ; weibliche Freiwillige ; Flüchtlingsunterkünfte ; Freiwilligenarbeit ; zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement ; Privatsphäre ; psychosoziale Gesundheit ; soziale Stressoren ; Räumlichkeit ; forced displacement ; refuge ; Berlin ; refugee women ; female volunteers ; refugee housing ; volunteering ; civil society engagement ; Privacy ; psychosocial health ; social stressors ; spatiality ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Die wachsende Zahl an Menschen, die aus ihren Herkunftsländern fliehen musste und nach 2015 in Berlin ankam, stellte städtische Einrichtungen und die Bereitstellung sozioökonomischer Dienstleistungen für Personen mit diversen soziokulturellem und politischen Hintergründen vor eine große Herausforderung. Es gilt anzunehmen, dass zusätzlich zu früheren traumatischen Erfahrungen, der mehrdimensionale und komplizierte Prozess der Verteilung von Geflüchteten in städtischen Räumen zu Belastungen führen und die Prävalenz psychischer Störungen erhöhen kann. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass geflüchtete Frauen verstärkt unter verschiedenen Formen stressbedingter Störungen leiden, zielt die Dissertation darauf ab, jene sozialen Stressoren in drei verschiedenen sozio-räumlichen Settings zu untersuchen, welchen sich geflüchtete Frauen bei ihrer Ankunft in Berlin ausgesetzt wahrnahmen.
    Abstract: The growing number of forcibly displaced people arriving in Berlin after 2015 brought about an extensive challenge in providing urban socio-economic facilities and services for numerous individuals from different socio-cultural and political backgrounds. The multi-dimensional and complicated process of resettlement of refugees in urban spaces, in addition to their earlier traumatic experiences, might result in distress and intensify the prevalence of mental disorders. Considering that refugee women are more likely to suffer from various forms of stress-related disorders, the dissertation aimed to evaluate the perceived social stressors by refugee women in three different socio-spatial settings upon their arrival in Berlin.
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  • 193
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Frontiers in sociology 6,2021
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Frontiers in sociology
    Publ. der Quelle: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
    Angaben zur Quelle: 6,2021
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: East-Germany ; ethnic rivalry ; identification ; islamophobia ; outgroup mobility threat ; recognition ; social identity theory ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: It has been shown that anti-Muslim sentiment is more pronounced in East Germany than in West Germany. In this paper, we discuss existing explanations and add to them. We argue that some East Germans see themselves as a disadvantaged group in competition with other minorities, such as Muslims, for social recognition by West Germans; they are in what we call a “race for second place”. Based on social identity theory, we expect that this might be particularly true for those who explicitly self-identify as East Germans. The theoretical discussion carves out the role of “perceived non-recognition” and “outgroup mobility threat” as important concepts within the conflicts of belonging. We use unique data from the survey “Postmigrant Societies: East-Migrant Analogies” for a comprehensive empirical analysis. We find that factors related to pre-existing arguments – such as socioeconomic and demographic variables, personality traits, or contact – can capture much of the group differences in anti-Muslim sentiment, but that they do not fully apply to those who were born and still live in the East and who explicitly self-identify as East Germans. For this subgroup, perceived non-recognition adds to the empirical models and outgroup mobility threat has a stronger effect.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 194
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Environment & planning : international journal of urban and regional research 39,2021,4, Seiten 573-589
    ISSN: 0263-7758 , 0263-7758
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Environment & planning : international journal of urban and regional research
    Publ. der Quelle: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 39,2021,4, Seiten 573-589
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Urban promises ; anticipation ; minor futures ; detachment ; standby ; majority districts ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Cities are promising machines always holding out prospects for better lives, always attempting to guarantee that things will not remain the same and that whatever changes do ensue are for the better. We propose a notion of “promise” not as simply another descriptor in a long line of adjectives about the city. Rather, we argue that the urban institutional landscape constantly generates new promises as way of anticipation, which in turn allows residents to write themselves into select urban operations. This article engages two central districts in Rio de Janeiro and Jakarta to explore how residents “stand by” the promise, not of passive waiting, but as maneuvers of either staying tuned to or as way of tactical detachment from the multiple trajectories which have been conjured up in the here and now. We understand these maneuvers as acts of “minor” future making that rely upon practices and materials that may seem of little use, but which enable a process of incremental small adjustments and collective subversion of urban trajectories of the transitory.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
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  • 195
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 27,2021,S1, Seiten 62-75
    ISSN: 1359-0987 , 1359-0987
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,2021,S1, Seiten 62-75
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften ; Biologie
    Abstract: In this essay, I consider the scales and connections lost and gained as natural history adopts digital data infrastructures. On the basis of ongoing work in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, I track the relations between insect specimens and their material and digital informational ecologies. Using Latour's notion of the ‘circulating reference’, I follow the insect specimens as they make their way into taxonomies, databases, and digitization apparatuses. In focusing on human-data mediations in museum practices of ordering, describing, and distributing specimens, I show how the datafication of nature makes present conventionally dissociated contexts, including German colonialism. Proposing the concept of a data formation, I suggest that ethnographers have much to contribute in bringing forward the sociocultural and historical specificities and contingencies within data.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 196
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Berliner Abschlussarbeiten der Europäischen Ethnologie 7,2021
    Dissertation note: Masterarbeit Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2021
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; STS ; Stadtanthropologie ; Wissensanthropologie ; Critical Data Studies ; Smart Cities ; Digitaler Urbanismus ; Problematisierung ; Intelligente Infrastrukturen ; Anthropologie der Infrastruktur ; Datafication ; Informationalisierung ; STS ; Urban Anthropology ; Anthropology of Knowledge ; Critical Data Studies ; Smart Cities ; Digital Urbanism ; Problematization ; Intelligent Infrastructures ; Anthropology of Infrastructures ; Datafication ; Informationalization ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In den letzten Jahren ermöglichen immer leistungsstärkere Rechnerkapazitäten neue Formen der Messung, Produktion, Speicherung, Aggregation und Verarbeitung von Daten(mengen) sowie Vernetzung vormals isolierter Datenbestände. Die damit verbundenen Hoffnungen, so ‚bessere‘ Wissensbestände zu generieren, beschäftigen auch das Feld der Stadtforschung und -entwicklung. In Deutschland bündeln sich diese Ambitionen in der nationalen Smart City Charta. Doch wie wurde es möglich, dass im Westlichen Diskurs ‚Wissen‘ oder ‚Information‘ eine derart zentrale Rolle für die Zukunftsfähigkeit von Städten zugewiesen werden konnte? Und was lässt uns denken, dass eine Vernetzung von ‚Information‘ oder ‚Wissen‘ zu ‚besseren‘ Städten beitragen kann? Auf Grundlage genealogischer und diskursanalytischer Ansätze zeichnet diese Arbeit nach, wie die praktische Arbeit an Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien und das Aufkommen eines bestimmten, kybernetischen Denkstils Anfang des 20. Jh. die Herausbildung eines digitalen Urbanismus mitformte. Fernab der Frage, ob Städte durch datenintensive Steuerungsmethoden tatsächlich ‚besser‘ geplant werden können, beschäftigt sich die Arbeit mit der Art und Weise, wie Stadt im digitalen Urbanismus problematisiert wird. Dies soll die dominante und wichtige Kritik des digitalen Urbanismus als unternehmerisches Projekt dahingehend erweitern, diesen nicht lediglich als geleitet von (falschen) Interessen zu verstehen, sondern stärkeren Fokus auf die Handlungsträgerschaft der eigentlichen technologischen Infrastrukturen zu legen. Eine reale Konsequenz ist, so eine zentrale Hypothese dieser Arbeit, dass historisch gewachsene städtische Probleme im Diskurs des digitalen Urbanismus zunehmend in Informations-/Kommunikationsprobleme umgedeutet werden. Entsprechend können deren Ursachen in einem Informationsdefizit oder mangelnder Vernetzung verortet werden, sodass datenbasierte Lösungen in Form ‚intelligenter‘ Infrastrukturen erstrebenswert erscheinen. Ein solcher digitaler Urbanismus kann dazu neigen, historisch gewachsene urbane Probleme zu depolitisieren und zentrale Begriffe wie Macht, Politik oder soziale Hierarchien in den Hintergrund rücken zu lassen.
    Abstract: Developments in computer capacities have sparked variegated future scenarios, often carrying the narrative that with a new data deluge, long pressing planetary problems can finally be solved. Cities too are increasingly imagined and already prepared as the central site for such transformation. Thus, travelling under the label of ‘Smart Cities’ or ‘Digital Cities’ they are thought of as knowledge entities not only by corporations that seek to develop urban markets to place their products and services. Also, the state, engineering sciences and a ‘new urban science’ imagine such technological transformations of current cities by means of ‘intelligent’ infrastructures as a desirable, even necessary form of urban management in order to tackle future urban challenges. A good city hence, is primarily one whose infrastructure enables the seamless transmission of information, and often interchangeably, of its inhabitants’ knowledge. It seems that most pressing urban problems are first and foremost problems of information, communication, or, data. Tracing the genealogy of a cybernetic thought style emerging in the early 20th century and analyzing the policy discourse of digital urbanism in Germany, this thesis asks how that came about and how current problematizations of urban phenomena are potentially affected by it. Acknowledging that technologies are not only tools that execute our intentional practices of problematization but shape these too, this thesis traces the role material infrastructures of information technologies had throughout these processes. Thus, this thesis’ aim is twofold, for one, it seeks to understand how it became possible to ascribe ‘knowledge’ such a central role to city planning, so that current imaginaries of digital urbanism (like Smart Cities) can appear as a sensible mode to address urban challenges. Secondly, on this basis, it is inquired whether such inclination to ‘solve’ urban problems with information technologies may bring with it a side-effect that reconfigures historically grown urban problems such that they are amenable to the very information technologies and in turn, appear as if they constitute an information problem. One important implication of such tendency can be the depoliticization of potentially confrontational topics, ignoring issues like power, politics or social hierarchies.
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  • 197
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (449 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2019
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Migration ; Mobilität ; Jugend ; Europäische Union ; Stadt ; migration ; mobility ; youth ; European Union ; city ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Migration wird oft als soziales Problem dargestellt, das mit Benachteiligungen einhergeht. Allerdings hat die Migrationsforschung in den letzten Jahren gezeigt, dass Migration sich u.a. durch Klasse, Geschlecht und Ethnizität ausdifferenziert. Diese Studie fokussiert auf das Konzept der sozialen Klasse. Die Studie schlägt vor, Mobilität als Ressource zu betrachten, die in der Gesellschaft ungleichmäßig verteilt ist. Wie beeinflusst die soziale Klasse der Migrant_innen ihre räumliche Mobilität und die Art und Weise, wie sie mit Migrationsregimen interagieren? Wie beeinflusst ihre Mobilität die Prozesse von Klassenformation, in denen sie während der Migration involviert werden? Die Analyse erfolgt durch die Untersuchung der Migrationsgeschichten von jungen italienischen Migrant_innen, die seit 2008 nach Berlin zugewandert sind. Sie basiert auf einem Mix an Methoden, bzw. einer Online-Umfrage, 40 Interviews, drei Fokus-Gruppen und zahlreichen teilnehmenden Beobachtungen. Erstens untersucht der theoretische Teil die Entwicklung des Konzeptes der sozialen Klasse und deckt die Leerstellen der Klassenforschung auf. Zweitens wird im empirischen Teil den Zugang italienischer Migrant_innen zu Wohnen und Arbeit in Berlin untersucht. Schließlich beweist die Studie, dass das Regime der „freien“ EU-Binnenmigration wohl durch die Entstehung von Grenzen auf lokaler Ebene gekennzeichnet ist. Nach der Analyse scheint dieses Regime eher eine Lebensführung zu favorisieren, in der permanente Mobilisierung der eigenen Arbeitskraft notwendig ist. Die Studie bestätigt, dass Mobilität als Ressource zu betrachten ist, die zunehmend relevant für den Lebensunterhalt ist, und plädiert deshalb dafür, eine kritische Perspektive auf Migration zu entwickeln, die den Fokus auf die Frage nach der Kontrolle und Eigentum von Mobilität setzt.
    Abstract: Migration has been studied for long time as a social problem, both for migrants and for sending and destination countries. However, research shows that migration has become increasingly differentiated along social, economic, gender and cultural lines. The present study unravels the concept of migration by introducing social class as a crucial intervening variable. It suggests considering mobility as an income-generating resource unevenly distributed across the population. How does the social class of migrants affect their mobility and the ways how it is incorporated into a migration regime? How is mobility related to processes of class formation in contemporary capitalism? The study focusses on the case of young Italian migrants who moved to Berlin after the economic crisis of 2008. Firstly, it tackles the rise, decline and renaissance of the class concept, showing the blind spots of class analysis. Secondly, the empirical part, based on a web survey, 40 interviews, 3 focus groups and several participant observations, explains how Italian migrants access resources in Berlin developing a life conduct predicated on mobility. The imperative to move spills over from the domain of spatial mobility into the domain of work, with the refusal of doing the same job “forever”, and into that of reproduction, with the construction of flexible forms of emotional engagement. The research highlights how newcomers enter processes of social differentiation on the housing and labor market. Endless mobilization of young labour force appears as the main policy goal for the governance of intra-EU migration. The analysis finally suggests considering mobility as a class-related resource, whose ownership and control should become a crucial issue for the understanding of contemporary societies.
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  • 198
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  9,2021,3, Seiten 394-403
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Lisbon : Cogitatio Press
    Angaben zur Quelle: 9,2021,3, Seiten 394-403
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: discourse analysis ; diversity ; doing difference ; higher education ; higher education teaching ; inclusion ; societal expectations ; social inequality ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: At higher education institutions (HEI), which for centuries served only to educate the elite, the composition of the student body is increasingly changing towards greater social and cultural diversity. Students’ differences are also the focus of this article, but not with a specific emphasis on preselected categories. Instead, the article asks how students in teaching in higher education (HE) are represented in the print media and professional discourse in Germany, i.e., which categories of difference are constructed as relevant in HE teaching contexts, which are normalized and (de)legitimized, and what is expected of HEI concerning these differences. Second, to what extent does this change over time, particularly concerning the new circumstances of Corona‐based digital teaching in 2020? The contribution is based on a combination of discourse theory and neo‐institutional organizational sociology. Discourses are a place where social expectations towards organizations are negotiated and constructed. Simultaneously, the discourses construct a specific understanding of HE, making visible openings and closures concerning different groups of students. Which students are constructed as legitimate, desirable, at risk of dropping out, or a risk for HE quality? Based on qualitative content analysis, the article shows that it is less the traditional socio‐structural categories such as gender, social or ethnic origin, or impairments, that are discussed to be relevant in HE teaching contexts. The reproduction of inequality and the associated discrimination is hardly discussed. The focus is instead on the students’ differences concerning individualizable characteristics, competencies, or study practices. Even though many of these individualized differences are conveyed via socio‐structural categories, this connection is often not considered in the discourses.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 199
    ISSN: 0197-9183 , 0197-9183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications
    Angaben zur Quelle: , Seiten 176-205
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: economic integration ; labor market change ; decomposition analysis ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: How important were manufacturing and heavy industries to the economic integration of twentieth-century immigrants in Western societies? This article examines how macro-social change in Germany since the height of manufacturing has affected the socio-economic integration of male immigrants. We develop an analytical framework to assess how educational expansion among natives, deindustrialization, and the increasing importance of formal qualifications shape male immigrant-native gaps in labor-market outcomes over time. Empirically, we focus on first-generation male Turkish immigrants in Germany and use micro-census data spanning almost 40 years. Through a novel empirical quantification of key theoretical arguments concerning immigrant economic integration, we find growing inter-group differences between the late 1970s and mid-2000s (employment) and mid-2010s (incomes), respectively. The growth of differences between the immigrant and native income distributions was most pronounced in their respective bottom halves. Our analysis shows that these trends are linked to the increased importance of formal educational qualifications for individual labor-market success, to educational expansion in Germany, and to deindustrialization. Employment in Germany shifted away from middling positions in manufacturing, but while natives tended to move into better-paying positions, Turkish immigrants mainly shifted into disadvantaged service jobs. These results provide novel evidence for claims that the economic assimilation of less-skilled immigrants may become structurally harder in increasingly post-industrial societies. We conclude that structural change in host countries is an important, yet often overlooked, driver of immigrant socio-economic integration trajectories.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
    Angaben zur Quelle: 47,17, Seiten 3986-4005
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: social capital ; social networks ; oppositional culture theory ; adolescence ; SAOM ; education ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Ethnic differences in the endowment with social capital can exacerbate intergroup inequalities. Pursuing this argument, we first compare the educational compositions of friendship networks between Turkish minority and native majority adolescents in Germany. Second, we pick up notions from Oppositional Culture Theory (OCT) to examine how ethnic differences in the composition of friendship networks come about. In a sample of 2,419 students in 74 secondary schools, we focus on the effort, achievement, and anti-school behaviour of peers and the role these play in adolescents’ friendship selection. Results from multilevel stochastic actor-oriented models reveal that Turkish minority adolescents prefer highly engaged and high-achieving peers as friends. Despite these preferences, Turkish minority adolescents’ social networks still provide lower levels of social capital on aggregate than majority members’ networks. We attribute this to systematic variation in the opportunity structure. Our results speak against the existence of anti-school norms among Turkish minority youth. Still, our study supports the OCT’s notion that an ethnic group’s structural positioning within society can result in selective acculturation processes and distinct patterns of social embeddedness.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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