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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,081)
  • HU Berlin  (3)
  • HU-Berlin Edoc
  • 2015-2019  (1,084)
  • Amtsdruckschrift  (1,084)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Ḩisobḩoi millii Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston : maǵmūai omorī = Nacionalʹnye sčeta Respubliki Tadžikistan : statističeskij sbornik (from 2010-)
    Dušanbe : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 2010 -
    Details
    Language: Tajik , Russian
    Dates of Publication: 2010 -
    Former Title: Vorg. Nišondiḩandaḩoi asosii sistemai ḩisobi millj
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Tadschikistan ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.; Text tadschik. u. russ.
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Environmental performance reviews series (from 1996-)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : United Nations ; 1.1996 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1020-4563 , 2412-107X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1996 -
    Series Statement: United Nations publication
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Environmental performance reviews series
    Former Title: Environmental performance reviews
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Welt ; Environmental policy ; Environmental policy International cooperation ; Environmental protection ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe
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    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Tendances de la cohésion sociale (from 2002-)
    Strasbourg : Ed. du Conseil de l'Europe ; Nr. 1.2002 -
    Details
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.2002 -
    Former Title: Trends in social Cohesion
    Subsequent Title: Daraus hervorgeg. Trends in social cohesion
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Bis 20.2009 zweisprachige Ausg. mit Titelbl. in beiden Sprachen
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Kyrgyzstan 1999 : pervaja nacionalʹnaja perepisʹ naselenija (2000-)
    Biškek
    Details
    Language: Russian
    Keywords: 1999 ; Kirgisistan ; Volkszählung ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Statistik ; Kirgisien ; Volkszählung ; Geschichte 1999
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ.
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    Book
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social policy and development : = Política social y desarrollo = Politique sociale et développement (from 2000-)
    Geneva ; 1.2000 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1020-8208
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.2000 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social policy and development
    Former Title: Política social y desarrollo
    Former Title: Politique sociale et développement
    Former Title: Política social e desenvolvimento
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Reihenfolge zwischen Hauptsacht. u. Parallelsacht. wechselt , Überw. in engl., teils in span., franz. o. portug. Sprache ersch.
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Azärbaycanın statistik göstäriciläri : = Statistical yearbook of Azerbaijan (from 1994-)
    Baku ; Nachgewiesen 1994 -
    Details
    Language: Azerbaijani , English
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 1994 -
    Parallel Title: CD-ROM-Ausg. Aserbaidschan Azärbaycanın statistik göstäriciläri
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Aserbaidschan Azärbaycanın statistik göstäriciläri
    Former Title: Vorg. Narodnoe chozjajstvo Azerbajdžanskoj SSR
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Statistik ; Aserbaidschan ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: Text aserbaidschan. u. engl.
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Demografijai solonai Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston : = Demografičeskij ežegodnik Respubliki Tadžikistan (from 2008-)
    Dušanbe : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; Nachgewiesen 2006(2008) -
    Details
    Language: Tajik , Russian
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 2006(2008) -
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Tadschikistan ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: Urh. bis 2009: Kumitai Davlatii Omori Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston , In kyrill. Schr.; Text tadschik. u. russ.
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Trends in social cohesion (from 2010-)
    Strasbourg : Council of Europe Publ. ; 21.2010 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 21.2010 -
    Former Title: Hervorg. aus Tendances de la cohésion sociale
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Azärbaycanın regionları (from 2001-)
    Bakı : "Säda" ; 2001 -
    Details
    Language: Azerbaijani
    Dates of Publication: 2001 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aserbaidschan. Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi Azärbaycanın regionları
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Regionalstatistik ; Aserbaidschan ; Azerbaijan ; Statistics ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Aserbaidschan
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    FAO forestry paper (from 1977-)
    Rome : FAO ; Nr. 1.1977 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1020-6450 , 1014-2894 , 0258-6150 , 0258-6150 , 0258-6150
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1977 -
    Additional Information: 13=1960/77; 18=1960/78; 23=1961/80 usw. von Forest products prices Rome : FAO, 1979 0258-6150
    Additional Information: 14=2 von Training Course on Forest Roads and Wood Harvesting in Mountainous Forests (ZDB) Technical report of FAO Austria Training Course on Forest Roads and Wood Harvesting in Mountainous Forests Rome : FAO, 1976
    Additional Information: 140=2000; 147=2005; 163=2010 von Global forest resources assessment Rome : FAO, 2001
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als FAO FAO forestry paper
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Forstwirtschaft ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe ; Forstwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltrecht ; Forstwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltrecht
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Weltkulturen Museum
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Zhong guo nong cun tong ji nian jian : = China rural statistical yearbook (from 1986-)
    Bei jing : Zhong guo tong ji chu ban she ; 1985(1986) -
    Details
    Title: 中国农村统计年鉴
    Publisher: 北京 : 中国统计出版社
    Language: Chinese
    Dates of Publication: 1985(1986) -
    Former Title: Rural statistical yearbook of China
    Former Title: Zhongguo-nongcun-tongji-nianjian
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Ländliche Wirtschaft ; China ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: 1987; 2000 - 2002 ohne Parallelsacht , Urh. 1986: Guo jia tong ji ju nong ye tong ji si, 1987 - 1993?: Guo jia tong ji ju nong cun she hui jing ji tong ji si , Ersch. jährl. , Text chinesisch
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annual report / Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Information (from 1974-)
    [Ottawa] ; Nachgewiesen 1974 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0384-2479
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 1974 -
    Former Title: Annual report of the Government of the Northwest Territories
    Former Title: Rapport annuel du Gouvernement des Territoires du Nord-Quest
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Northwest Territories ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Text engl. u. franz
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Legislative study (from 1971-)
    Rome : FAO ; Nr. 1.1971 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1014-6679
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1971 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als FAO legislative study
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Etude législative
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Estudio legislativo
    Former Title: Legislative studies
    Former Title: FAO legislative study
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Einige Nr. nicht ersch
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Book
    Book
    Barūjchatgirii aḩolī va fondi manzili Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston dar soli 2010 : = Perepisʹ naselenija i žiliščnogo fonda Respubliki Tadžikistan 2010 goda (2012-)
    Dušanbe
    Details
    ISBN: 9789994737215
    Language: Tajik , Russian
    Parallel Title: CD-ROM-Ausg. Barūjchatgirii aḩolī va fondi manzili Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston dar soli 2010
    Keywords: 2010 ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Volkszählung ; Tadschikistan ; Tajikistan Census, 2010 ; Tajikistan Statistics Population ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., tadschikisch und russ.
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    Book
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    FAO forestry paper (from 1977-)
    Rome : FAO ; Nr. 1.1977 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1020-6450 , 1014-2894 , 0258-6150 , 0258-6150 , 0258-6150
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1977 -
    Additional Information: 13=1960/77; 18=1960/78; 23=1961/80 usw. von Forest products prices Rome : FAO, 1979 0258-6150
    Additional Information: 14=2 von Training Course on Forest Roads and Wood Harvesting in Mountainous Forests (ZDB) Technical report of FAO Austria Training Course on Forest Roads and Wood Harvesting in Mountainous Forests Rome : FAO, 1976
    Additional Information: 140=2000; 147=2005; 163=2010 von Global forest resources assessment Rome : FAO, 2001
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als FAO FAO forestry paper
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Forstwirtschaft ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe ; Forstwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltrecht ; Forstwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltrecht
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Weltkulturen Museum
    BSZ
    GBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unternehmen Region (2004-)
    Bonn : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 2004 -
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 2004 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Unternehmen Region
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Regionalpolitik ; Ostdeutschland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 02.09.2022
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2324886-5
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    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Informationen zur Raumentwicklung : IzR (from 1974-)
    Stuttgart : Franz Steiner Verlag | Bonn-Bad Godesberg : Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landeskunde und Raumordnung | Bonn : Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung | Bonn : BBSR ; 1974 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2493 , 2698-8410 , 2698-8410
    Language: German
    Pages: 28 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1974 -
    Additional Information: 1981,11/12=1981; 1982,11/12=1982; 1983,12=1983; 1984,12=1984; 1985,11/12=1985; 1986,11/12=1986; 1987,11/12=1987; 1988,11/12=1988; 1989,11/12=1989; 1991,11/12=1991 von Aktuelle Daten und Prognosen zur räumlichen Entwicklung Bonn, 1981
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Informationen zur Raumentwicklung
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Institut für Raumordnung (Bonn) Informationen
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Institut für Landeskunde (Bonn) Rundbrief
    RVK:
    RC 25903
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Keywords: Regionalplanung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalwissenschaft ; Deutschland ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Raumentwicklung
    Note: Teils ohne Zusatz , Erscheint vierteljährlich, bis 2012 monatlich, 2013-2019 zweimonatlich , Beteil. Körp. 1974 - 1997: Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landeskunde und Raumordnung
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    DNB
    HU Berlin
    MPI-MMG
  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Statistisches Jahrbuch Thüringen (from 1991-)
    Erfurt : TLS ; 1991; Ausg. 1.1993 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-0619
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1991; Ausg. 1.1993 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thüringen Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thüringen Statistisches Jahrbuch Thüringen
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch für Thüringen
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Statistik ; Thüringen ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Erwerbsbeteiligungsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Rechtspflegestatistik ; Wahlstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Deutschland ; Thüringen ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Thüringen ; Statistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. 1991: Statistisches Landesamt Thüringen i.G , Ersch. jährlich.
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    South Africa yearbook (from 1974-)
    Pretoria : GCIS | Johannesburg : Perskor Print. | Pretoria : South African Communication Service ; 1.1974 - 12.1986; 13.1987/88 - 15.1989/90; [N.S.] 1=17.1991/92 - 3=19.1993; [3.Ser.] Ed. 1.1994 - 6.1999; 7.2000/01(2000) - 10.2003/04(2003); 12.2004/05(2004) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-0681 , 1022-9515 , 0302-0681 , 0302-0681
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 - 12.1986; 13.1987/88 - 15.1989/90; [N.S.] 1=17.1991/92 - 3=19.1993; [3.Ser.] Ed. 1.1994 - 6.1999; 7.2000/01(2000) - 10.2003/04(2003); 12.2004/05(2004) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südafrika Suid-Afrika
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südafrika South Africa yearbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südafrika South Africa yearbook
    Former Title: Vorg. Südafrika Official yearbook of the Union and of Basutoland, Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland
    Former Title: South Africa
    Former Title: Official yearbook
    Former Title: Yearbook
    Former Title: Official yearbook of the Republic of South Africa
    DDC: 910
    RVK:
    AE 67906
    RVK:
    QG 710
    RVK:
    RS 74006
    RVK:
    RS 74053
    RVK:
    RS 60053
    Keywords: Südafrika ; Gebietskörperschaft ; Regionalforschung ; Geografie ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Innenpolitik ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Handbuch ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Südafrika
    Note: 1.1974 auch als International ed. bez , Urh. anfangs: South African Department of Information; bis 15.1989/90: Department of Foreign Affairs; bis [3.Ser.] 4.1997: South African Communication Service , Anfangs teils ohne Zählung; 11 in d. Zählung übersprungen , Ersch. 1991/92 - 1993 als engl.-sprachige, gekürzte Ausg.
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    DNB
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Warenverzeichnis für die Aussenhandelsstatistik (from 1952-)
    Köln : Reguvis Fachmedien GmbH | Stuttgart : Kohlhammer | Stuttgart : Metzler-Poeschel | Wiesbaden : Statistisches Bundesamt ; 1951(1952) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0072-4106
    Language: German
    Pages: 25 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1951(1952) -
    Series Statement: Bis 1962: Der Aussenhandel der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    Series Statement: 1963 - 1989: Systematische Verzeichnisse / Statistisches Bundesamt
    Series Statement: 1990 - 1992[?]: Gütersystematik / Statistisches Bundesamt
    Series Statement: Teils: DeStatis
    Series Statement: wissen, nutzen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Warenverzeichnis für die Außenhandelsstatistik
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Warenverzeichnis für die Außenhandelsstatistik
    Former Title: Vorg. Statistisches Warenverzeichnis für den Außenhandel
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    PP 7131
    RVK:
    PP 8600
    RVK:
    RB 10738
    RVK:
    QM 200
    RVK:
    PN 762
    Keywords: Außenhandelsstatistik ; Produktklassifikation ; Deutschland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Warenverzeichnis für die Außenhandelsstatistik ; Außenhandel ; Warenverzeichnis ; Außenhandel ; Warenverzeichnis
    Note: 1951 ersch. als Losebl.-Ausg , Ungezählte Beil.: Erg.-Bd , Anfangs unregelmäßig, später jährl.
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Zhong guo tong ji nian jian : = China statistical yearbook (from 1982-)
    Bei jing : Zhong guo tong ji chu ban she ; 1981(1982) - 1996; 16.1997 -
    Details
    Title: 中国统计年鉴
    Author, Corporation: 中国
    Publisher: 北京 : 中国统计出版社
    ISSN: 0255-6766
    Language: Chinese , English
    Dates of Publication: 1981(1982) - 1996; 16.1997 -
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe China Statistical yearbook of China
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China Zhong guo tong ji nian jian
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China. Guo jia tong ji ju Zhong guo tong ji nian jian
    Former Title: Engl. Ausg. u. darin aufgeg. China China statistical yearbook
    Former Title: Chung-kuo t'ung-chi nien-chien
    Former Title: Statistical yearbook of China
    Former Title: Zhongguo-tongji-nianjian
    RVK:
    PO 8024
    Keywords: Statistik ; China ; Gesellschaft ; Binnenwirtschaft ; Volksrepublik China Gesellschaft ; Binnenwirtschaft ; China ; Graue Literatur ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; China ; China ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Jahrbuch ; China
    Note: Anfangs ohne Parallelsacht , Erscheint jährlich , Herausgeber bis 36 (2017): Zhong hua ren min gong he guo guo jia tong ji ju bian , Text chines. u. engl. ab 1994
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  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Arab human development report (from 2002-)
    New York, NY : United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Arab States ; 1.2002-6 (2016) [?] ; 2022-
    Details
    ISSN: 1992-7622 , 2520-2189 , 2520-2189
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2002-6 (2016) [?] ; 2022-
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Taqrīr at-tanmīya al-insānīya al-ʿarabīya li-l-ʿām ...
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arab human development report ...
    Former Title: The Arab human development report
    RVK:
    QR 810
    Keywords: Entwicklungsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Lebensqualität ; Humankapital ; Arabische Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Arabien ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Araber ; Gesellschaft ; Entwicklung ; Araber ; Entwicklung
    Note: Zusatz wechselt , Urh. bis 4.2005: United Nations Development Programme, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development , Teils ohne Zählung; Zählung aus dem Vorwort oder dem Text
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  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Human development report (from 1990-)
    New York, NY | New York, NY [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Basingstoke, Hamps. [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan ; 1.1990 - 2.1991; [3.]1992 - [5.]1994; 6.1995; [7.]1996 - [14.]2003; 15.2004; 2005 - 2006; 2007/08(2007); 2009 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0969-4501 , 1614-5534 , 0969-4501 , 2412-3129 , 1614-5534 , 0969-4501 , 2412-3129
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1990 - 2.1991; [3.]1992 - [5.]1994; 6.1995; [7.]1996 - [14.]2003; 15.2004; 2005 - 2006; 2007/08(2007); 2009 -
    Additional Information: Statistikteil Human development database
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bericht über die menschliche Entwicklung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rapport mondial sur le développement humain
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Informe sobre desarrollo humano
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Relatório do desenvolviment humano
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ningen-kaihatsu-hōkokusho
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Taqrīr at-tanmiya al-bašarīya
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The human development report CD-ROM
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Human development report
    Former Title: HDR
    DDC: 050
    RVK:
    RB 10798
    RVK:
    QG 000
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Lebensqualität ; Welt ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Weltwirtschaft ; Entwicklung ; Weltbevölkerung ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Statistik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Gesellschaft ; Entwicklung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Weltwirtschaft ; Entwicklung ; Gesellschaft ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Weltbevölkerung ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Note: 2012, 2017 und 2018 nicht erchienen
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    DNB
    HU Berlin
    MPI-MMG
  • 24
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Statistisches Jahrbuch / Brandenburg (from 1992-2020)
    Berlin : Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH | Potsdam : Landesbetrieb für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik | Potsdam : Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik | Berlin : Kulturbuch-Verl. | Potsdam : Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg | Berlin : edition q im be.bra verlag ; [1.]1991(1992) - 14.2004; [15.]2005; 16.2006 - 17.2007 ; 2008-2020
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 22 cm
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1991(1992) - 14.2004; [15.]2005; 16.2006 - 17.2007 ; 2008-2020
    Series Statement: Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Brandenburg Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Brandenburg Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Vorg. Demografisches Jahrbuch
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Statistik ; Brandenburg ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Erwerbsbeteiligungsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Rechtspflegestatistik ; Wahlstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Deutschland ; Brandenburg ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Brandenburg ; Statistik
    Note: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Beteil. Körp. bis 11.2001: Landesbetrieb für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik, Potsdam; 12.2002 - 16.2006: Land Brandenburg, Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik; Urh.-Bez. anfangs: Land Brandenburg , Ersch. jährl.
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  • 25
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Statistisches Jahrbuch / Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (from 1992-2020)
    Schwerin : Statistisches Amt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Schwerin : Statistisches Landesamt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; 1.1991(1992); [2.]1992(1993) - [4.]1994(1995); 5.1995 - 14.2004; 2005-2020
    Details
    ISSN: 0949-3379
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1991(1992); [2.]1992(1993) - [4.]1994(1995); 5.1995 - 14.2004; 2005-2020
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Vorg. u. CD-ROM-Ausg. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch ... für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Statistik ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Deutschland ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Statistik
    Note: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Hrsg. anfangs: Statistisches Landesamt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Ersch. jährl.
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  • 26
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Statistisches Jahrbuch / Berlin (from 1991-2020)
    Berlin : Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH | Berlin : Kulturbuch-Verl. | Berlin : Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg | Berlin : edition q im be.bra verlag GmbH ; 1991-2020
    Details
    ISSN: 2747-4585
    Language: German
    Pages: 22 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1991-2020
    Additional Information: Supplement Berlin. Statistisches Landesamt Veröffentlichungen des Statistischen Landesamtes Berlin
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Berlin Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Berlin Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Berlin Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Vereinigung von Berlin (West) Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Vereinigung von Berlin (Ost) Statistisches Jahrbuch Berlin (Ost)
    DDC: 310
    RVK:
    QG 240
    RVK:
    QA 10000
    Keywords: Statistik ; Berlin ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Erwerbsbeteiligungsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Rechtspflegestatistik ; Wahlstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Berlin ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Berlin ; Berlin ; Geschichte 1990-
    Note: Beteil. Körp. bis 2006: Statistisches Landesamt Berlin
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends in economic inactivity across the OECD : the importance of the local dimension and a spotlight on the United Kingdom (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 09
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/09
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Trend ; OECD-Staaten ; Großbritannien ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: As unemployment rates have reached historical lows across many OECD countries, it is important to focus on the economically inactive – that is people who are neither in a job nor seeking work. This paper reviews recent trends in economic inactivity across the OECD, focusing on places and people. The paper demonstrates the importance of moving beyond national averages to understand which regions and cities have higher levels of economic inactivity. It then looks at regional economic inactivity trends across cities in the United Kingdom (UK).
    DOI: 10.1787/cd51acab-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exchange of information and bank deposits in international financial centres (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers no. 46
    Keywords: Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses the impact of exchange of information on foreign-owned bank deposits in international financial centres (IFCs). Based on a dataset with extended jurisdiction coverage and sample length, foreign-owned IFC deposits declined globally by 24% or USD 410 billion during the period from 2008 to 2019. The commencement of automatic exchange of information is associated on average with a statistically significant 22% reduction in IFC bank deposits held by non-IFC counterparty jurisdictions. The results show that exchange of information on request was associated with a reduction of around 10% during the early years of implementation. Robustness checks show that voluntary disclosure programmes do not drive the results. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the expansion of automatic exchange of informationand provide further evidence of the success of a comprehensive multilateral approach towards international tax transparency.
    DOI: 10.1787/025bfebe-en
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health systems characteristics : a survey of 21 Latin American and Caribbean countries (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 142 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 111
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; Lateinamerika ; Karibischer Raum ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In 2018, the Inter-American Development Bank and the OECD launched a survey to collect information on key health systems characteristics in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. This paper presents the information provided by 21 of these countries. It describes country-specific arrangements to organise the population coverage against health risks and the financing of health spending. It depicts the organisation of health care delivery, focusing on the public/private mix of health care provision, provider payment schemes, user choice and competition among providers, as well as the regulation of health care supply and prices. Finally, this document provides information on governance and resource allocation in health systems (decentralisation in decision-making, nature of budget constraints and priority setting).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/0e8da4bd-en
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance-based managed entry agreements for new medicines in OECD countries and EU member states : how they work and possible improvements going forward (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 102 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 115
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents findings of an OECD review of managed entry agreements in OECD countries and EU member states conducted in 2018 and 2019. Findings are based on discussions with the OECD Expert Group on Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, responses by experts from 12 OECD countries to a survey and semi-structured interviews, and on the literature as well as information published by national authorities responsible for coverage and pricing of medicines.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6e5e4c0f-en
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Responsible innovation in neurotechnology enterprises (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 05
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Novel neurotechnology offers significant potential for the promotion of health and economic growth. Spearheaded by large national and international flagship initiatives in brain science and fuelled by a clear medical need, research both in the public and private sector has made considerable strides towards novel neurotechnology, services and markets. At the same time, neurotechnology raises a range of unique ethical, legal, and policy questions that potential business models will have to address. This document is the result of analytical work on the opportunities and challenges of implementing responsibility frameworks into neurotechnology translation at major brain research initiatives and in the private sector. The report draws on: (1) the discussion at the BNCT workshop “Minding Neurotechnology: delivering responsible innovation for health and well-being”, 2018, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; and (2) commentaries by workshop participants. The Workshop provided a forum for innovators to discuss strategies for delivering responsible innovation in neurotechnology.
    DOI: 10.1787/9685e4fd-en
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Managing environmental risks in development banks and development finance institutions : what role for donor shareholders? (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 55
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.55
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How and where infrastructure is built – and how environmental and social risks related to infrastructure are managed – will have a direct influence on whether developing countries pursue more sustainable development pathways or not. Development banks and development finance institutions (DFIs) serve as important channels for infrastructure finance, have adopted safeguards systems to minimise and manage the environmental and social risks associated with their projects. This paper provides an overview of these systems and discusses the role of members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in influencing these, in their capacity as shareholders of these institutions. It shows that donor governments influence the policies and activities of development banks, but that the level of engagement varies between bilateral and multilateral development banks and is often determined by internal capacity. The paper argues that donor shareholder governments must continue to play an important role in encouraging development banks to strengthen the implementation of safeguards, which will require continued collaboration within governments, across countries and between development banks and DFIs. Efforts to build the evidence base on the impacts of safeguards in projects will further support this agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/ca0f0d4f-en
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  • 33
    Online Resource
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    Blended finance funds and facilities : 2018 survey results : part I: investment strategy (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 59
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.59
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The OECD Survey on Blended Finance Funds and Facilities represents a major step forward to consolidate evidence and provide further policy guidance in support of the OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles, whose focus is unlocking commercial finance for the Sustainable Development Goals. This working paper presents findings from the 2018 survey edition relating to the management, capital structure, investment strategy and portfolio allocation of the surveyed blended finance funds and facilities. The quantitative analysis is complemented by the OECD statistics on private finance mobilised by official development interventions and by information provided by Convergence. It will be followed by another OECD Development Co-operation working paper discussing the development strategy, performance tracking and evaluation approach. The 180 responses received illustrate to what extent blended finance funds and facilities vary widely in characteristics and functioning. Collectively, the managing organisations reported over USD 60.2 billion invested in 111 developing countries at the end of 2017. This new evidence confirms trends observed on the broader blended finance market (priority sectors, geographical coverage, targeted SDGs), while shedding light on additional aspects (e.g. investors, clients and investment instruments).
    DOI: 10.1787/806991a2-en
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  • 34
    Online Resource
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    Illicit financial flows : the role of Al Qaeda and its affiliates in the Islamic Maghreb (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 63
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Development ; Mali ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Illicit financial flows (IFFs) in West Africa have long contributed to the region’s instability, partly due to their links to regional terrorist organisations such as Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). AQIM has directly and indirectly participated in and perpetuated illicit financial flows in the region not only through violent means but also through diverse links with the local economy and society. AQIM and its regional affiliates have a profound influence on the political economy of the Sahel and the Maghreb, as well as greater West Africa, and it is important to understand the role played by AQIM in IFFs and the means by which this drives regional instability. This case study examines the political-economic context and the nature and scope of the mechanisms through which AQIM (and its affiliates) operate, with particular emphasis given to their interaction with the local economy and any resulting IFFs.
    DOI: 10.1787/0938fefa-en
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  • 35
    Online Resource
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    The potential for blockchain technology in corporate governance (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers no. 21
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Beyond bitcoin, blockchain technology has acquired attention and importance in its own right. Today, it is conceptually accepted that blockchain stands out as a disruptive technology that will change a number of processes in financial services and could in turn impact corporate governance. This paper explores the recent applications of blockchain technology in financial services and outlines regulatory responses, to set the scene for future work in this area on corporate governance. This paper provided background for the Corporate Governance Committee’s roundtable discussion on blockchain technology and the implementation of the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance on 10 April 2018. A subsequent presentation of the paper was given at the OECD Workshop on Digital Financial Assets on the 16 May 2018, and at the OECD-Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance in Malaysia on 7-8 November 2018. This work also provides a contribution to the work of the OECD Blockchain Policy Centre.
    DOI: 10.1787/ef4eba4c-en
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  • 36
    Online Resource
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    Financing climate objectives in cities and regions to deliver sustainable and inclusive growth (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 17
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.17
    Series Statement: Case study
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The investment choices we make in the coming years will either lock-in a climate-compatible, inclusive growth pathway, or a high-carbon, inefficient and unsustainable pathway for decades to come. Cities and regions, responsible for 60% of public investment in OECD countries, are significant contributes to spending and investment related to climate. With high levels of inequalities in many cities, the success of the transition will depend on the ability of local governments to engage in a “just” transition. This paper focuses on how national and sub-national governments can align subnational financial flows to transition towards low-carbon, resilient and inclusive cities. The paper is a contribution from the OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth initiative and to the OECD Programme on Subnational Finance and Investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/ee3ce00b-en
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  • 37
    Online Resource
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    The broad policy toolkit for financial stability : foundations, fences, and fire doors (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2019, 02
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The post financial crisis period has been associated with increased countercyclical use of various financial policies, including residency-based measures. This paper analyses in a single analytical framework the relative effectiveness of three types of financial policies – macroprudential (foundations), currency-based (fences), and residency-based measures (fire doors). The findings in this paper are based on a granular quarterly database of adjustments in these policies that covers both advanced and emerging economies from 2000 to 2015. The results show that residency-based measures on bonds and credit reduce capital inflows but provide limited support for a credit-mitigation role. While no evidence emerges that macroprudential measures alter capital inflows, most appear effective in reducing credit growth. Currency-based measures may reduce both inflows and credit growth (particularly FX reserve requirements and FX lending regulations). These results indicate that the impact of policies needs to be analysed at a granular level and that policy makers should adopt an integrated view of the financial policy toolkit.
    DOI: 10.1787/9188f06a-en
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electronic transmissions and international trade : shedding new light on the moratorium debate (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 233
    Keywords: Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The debate about whether or not to extend the WTO Moratorium on imposing customs duties on electronic transmissions has, to date, narrowly focused on its potential customs revenue implications. This paper sets out to broaden and deepen this debate. First, by putting current estimates of the customs revenue implications into perspective, showing that potential losses tend to be low relative to overall government revenue. Second, by deepening the debate on the cost of tariffs, arguing that these are unstable sources of revenue, that they are associated with lower output and productivity and that their burden falls mainly on domestic consumers, not foreign firms. Third, by broadening the debate to consider the benefits associated with electronic transmissions, including growing consumer welfare and export competitiveness. The paper argues that, overall, the revenue implications of the Moratorium are likely to be relatively small and that its lapse would come at the expense of wider gains in the economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/57b50a4b-en
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  • 39
    Online Resource
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    Green triangular co-operation : an accelerator to sustainable development (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 21 (November 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report showcases how triangular co-operation can contribute to achieving ‘green’ objectives (e.g. on climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, biodiversity, desertification, and local environmental issues). Data collected through an OECD survey on triangular co-operation (2015) and desk research uncovered 224 triangular projects targeting green objectives, involving 91 countries and international organisations, out of a total of 658 triangular co-operation projects for the period 2014-18. Given the available evidence (data, evaluations and interviews with project managers), the report shows that triangular activities can deliver green goals in innovative, flexible and cost-effective ways within and across regions – and thus could help accelerate implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and other international green agreements (e.g. the Paris Agreement). Nevertheless, there are several barriers that prevent further deployment of this modality, including lack of awareness on triangular co-operation among the different green communities, insufficient evidence on the potential of green triangular co-operation, and few dedicated vehicles that can pilot and scale-up successful initiatives. The report proposes a number of recommendations for policy makers to overcome these barriers.
    DOI: 10.1787/d81d884a-en
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  • 40
    Online Resource
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    Innovation policies for sustainable development : low-carbon energy and smart-city initiatives (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 80 (October 2019)
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Umweltpolitik ; Energietechnik ; Umwelttechnik ; Smart City ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This monograph benchmarks innovation policies for sustainability, focusing on two key areas: low-carbon and environmental technologies, and “smart-city” initiatives in selected OECD countries as well as the European Union. Country coverage of low-carbon technologies includes both natural resource-based energy-rich countries (e.g. Canada and the United States) and energy-challenged countries (e.g. Germany and Japan). Country or regional coverage of smart cities programmes focuses on Australia, Austria, Finland and Sweden, as well as two international programmes operated by the European Commission and the Nordic Council. The monograph assess the policies’ sectoral priorities. It reviews their portfolio of instruments, budgets, and monitoring and evaluation strategies, international co-operation strategies and identifies critical success factors.
    DOI: 10.1787/6287ddb2-en
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  • 41
    Online Resource
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    Governance of science and technology policies (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 84 (October 2019)
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Innovationssystem ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Forschungskosten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This document provides learnings from 13 case studies on governance mechanisms of national and supranational science, technology and innovation initiatives. As countries strive to resolve societal challenges, “mission-oriented” approaches complement traditional ones centred on national competitiveness, specific industrial sectors or technologies. Governance settings contribute overall to a more inclusive, transparent and responsible STI system, in particular through a whole-of-government approach, the consultation of academia, the private sector and civil society, the implementation of strategies by professional agencies, and the increasingly common use of evaluation. Several critical dimensions facilitate the success of STI policies. They include a commitment at the highest level of government, strong public-private collaboration in R&D, continuous evaluation and improvement, a “mission-oriented” approach, coherence of policies and flexibility in setting priorities, as well as overall harmonisation and rationalisation of programmes in order to maximise efficiency and reduce duplication.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b3bc558-en
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  • 42
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    Hello, world : artificial intelligence and its use in the public sector (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 185 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on public governance no. 36
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an area of research and technology application that can have a significant impact on public policies and services in many ways. In just a few years, it is expected that the potential will exist to free up nearly one-third of public servants’ time, allowing them to shift from mundane tasks to high-value work. Governments can also use AI to design better policies and make better decisions, improve communication and engagement with citizens and residents, and improve the speed and quality of public services. While the potential benefits of AI are significant, attaining them is not an easy task. Government use of AI trails that of the private sector; the field is complex and has a steep learning curve; and the purpose of, and context within, government are unique and present a number of challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/726fd39d-en
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  • 43
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    Child labour : causes, consequences and policies to tackle it (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 83 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 235
    Keywords: Kinderarbeit ; Faktorenanalyse ; Coping-Strategie ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Sustainable Development Goal target 8.7 aims to eradicate child labour in all its forms by 2025. Ten years before this deadline, the objective is far from being achieved since in 2016, about one-in-ten children (152 million in total) aged 5 to 17 were engaged in child labour worldwide, many of them as unpaid family workers in agriculture. Nearly half of the children in child labour were in hazardous work and exposed to serious health and safety risks. Moreover, about one-third of children in child labour do not attend school at all; the others go to school, but not all the time. Children in child labour are more likely to leave school early, before grade completion, and underperform in school tests. This paper reviews child labour trends, and the literature on its causes and consequences. It also discusses policies to combat child labour based on the lessons of the available evidence. Countries must combat child labour by addressing it from all its “demand” and “supply” side dimensions: by strengthening social protection to combat extreme poverty, by investing in the education to make it an affordable alternative to child labour, and by encouraging the diffusion of technologies that make it possible to do without child labour. While most countries have adopted laws that prohibit child labour, the paper argues that countries can do more to enforce these laws and regulations, where necessary strengthen labour inspections and monitoring systems, and promote responsible business practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/f6883e26-en
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    Educational outcomes : a literature review of policy drivers from a macroeconomic perspective (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1577
    Keywords: Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews recent empirical literature on policy drivers of two educational outcomes - years of schooling and rates of return - that form the OECD’s aggregate measure of human capital. The paper sets the literature findings into the context of current educational polices in place in OECD countries. While much of the empirical results are mixed, depend on country and time coverage as well as estimation methods, the review identifies the following policies most likely to promote better educational outcomes: quality pre-primary education, quality teaching, accountability and autonomy of teaching institutions, comprehensive lower secondary education and availability of individual financing for the pursuit of higher education.
    DOI: 10.1787/990801aa-en
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  • 45
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    Recent improvements to the public finance block of the OECD's long-term global model (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1581
    Keywords: Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper documents recent extensions and revisions made to the model underlying the long-run global macroeconomic scenarios that are published every few years. First, a fiscal block is added for 11 countries that previously lacked one. Second, public pension expenditure projections are made endogenous to the projected ratio of retirees to workers and to a hypothesis on the future evolution of benefit ratios. Cross-country differences in projected public pension expenditure thus reflect many factors, including the speed of population ageing, the evolution of employment rates for older people, especially females, and rules regarding the evolution of statutory retirement ages. Third, revised public health expenditure projections introduce a higher income elasticity in middle-income than high-income countries and makes the excess of health care inflation over GDP inflation (Baumol effect) endogenous to the projected labour productivity growth rate. And fourth, the determination of long-term interest rates is revised to associate the fiscal risk premium to net, as opposed to gross, government debt, and make its size conditional on euro area membership, the quality of public governance and the occurrence of systemic banking crises, while allowing a flight-to-safety effect during such crises to lower bond yields in countries that are providers of global safe assets.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f07fb8d-en
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  • 46
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    Occupational licensing and job mobility in the United States (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1585
    Keywords: Economics ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies the association between occupational licensing and job hire and job separation rates along with earnings of job stayers and job-to-job movers. In contrast to previous studies, it attempts to provide macro-level estimates by relying on a novel Job-to-Job Flows database from the U.S. Census Bureau, covering the near universe of job transitions. The empirical analysis exploits variation in licensing regulation across states and industries and constructs indicators for both the share of employment subject to licensing (the extensive margin) and the strictness of regulation (the intensive margin). Results show that more extensive and stricter licensing are both associated with lower job mobility. This holds for job-to-job mobility as well as for transitions in and out of nonemployment. The strictness indicator points to lower job-to-job mobility from entry restrictions and renewal requirements to licensing, while education and training requirements may increase job-to-job mobility. The analysis also finds a negative association between licensing restrictions for people with a criminal record and job hire from nonemployment. Further analysis shows that interstate job-to-job mobility tends to be lower towards states with more extensive and stricter licensing regulation. The results from the analysis of earnings are generally mixed and mostly insignificant. However, there is some evidence of lower earnings gains from job-to-job moves to states with more licensing within the same industry, which may reflect lower productivity growth because of weaker reallocation of labour resources and reduced competition.
    DOI: 10.1787/4cc19056-en
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  • 47
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    Housing, wealth accumulation and wealth distribution : evidence and stylized facts (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1588
    Keywords: Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper produces new evidence and stylised facts on housing, wealth accumulation and wealth distribution, relying on an in-depth analysis of micro-based data on household wealth across OECD countries. The analysis addresses several questions: i) How is homeownership and housing tenure distributed across the population along various socio-economic characteristics such as income, wealth and age? What is the weight of housing in households’ balance sheets and how does this vary across socio-economic groups? ii) What is the incidence of mortgage debt across households and how does this vary across socio-economic groups? What is the impact of mortgage debt on access to homeownership and wealth accumulation, and on debt overburden and financial risks among vulnerable groups? iii) Is housing a vehicle for wealth accumulation? Can it be a barrier to residential mobility? iv) Is there a link between homeownership and wealth inequality? Between inequality in housing wealth and in total wealth? A key policy issue addressed in this paper is whether and how housing-related policies affect wealth distribution. Another important issue is whether housing-related policies raise potential trade-offs between equity, or inequality reduction, and other policy objectives such as employment and productivity growth as well as macroeconomic resilience. Informed by the stylised facts and existing evidence, this paper discusses preliminary policy implications of housing reform to promote inclusiveness and social mobility, to enhance efficiency in the allocation of labour and capital and to strengthen macroeconomic resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/86954c10-en
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  • 48
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    The economy of well-being : creating opportunities for people’s well-being and economic growth (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2019, 2
    Keywords: Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: As well-being has matured as a statistical and measurement agenda, it has become increasingly relevant as a “compass” for policy, with a growing number of countries using well-being metrics to guide decision-making and inform budgetary processes. One remaining challenge has consisted in providing policy-makers with a better understanding of the linkages between the drivers of well-being and economic growth. This paper develops the concept of an “Economy of Well-being” as a basis for highlighting these linkages and showing how policy can most effectively leverage them. The paper defines an economy of well-being around the idea of a “virtuous circle” in which individual well-being and long-term economic growth are mutually reinforcing. It also explores the characteristics of an economy of well-being and the conditions under which it can be sustained. Secondly, based on a survey of existing empirical evidence, the paper contributes to outline how economies of well-being can be built. It provides analysis of several important channels through which economic growth and well-being support and reinforce one another, focusing on the multidimensional impact of policies in four areas that research has shown to be important for well-being: Education and Skills; Health; Social Protection and Redistribution; and Gender Equality.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/498e9bc7-en
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  • 49
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    Methodological development of international measurement of acute myocardial infarction 30-day mortality rates at the hospital level (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 114
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: International quality measurement work is moving beyond the consideration of health system or national level variations to understand variations within countries and enable more meaningful cross-country comparison. Hospital performance is one key area where policy makers are increasing their focus on reducing variation, lifting the overall standards of care while minimizing the widespread differences in access and quality of care that are evident within health systems. In 2014 the OECD launched the Hospital Performance Project to better understand performance across countries and strengthen international comparisons. From 2015-2018 the OECD developed a method for measuring hospital level acute myocardial infarction 30-day mortality for international comparison. The methodological development and pilot data collections undertaken over this time have resulted in robust and feasible approach to ongoing routine international hospital level data collections on AMI 30-day mortality rates with potential applications to other subnational level indicators. This paper discusses the development of this measurement including technical as well as practical aspects of collecting, displaying, and analysing such data.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/181be293-en
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  • 50
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    Exploring changes in world production and trade : insights from the 2018 update of OECD's ICIO/TIVA database (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 95 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 04
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Drawing on the 2018 update of OECD’s Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) database, this paper explores the evolution of trade in value added (TiVA) between 2005 and 2015. Changes in international production systems are examined with particular attention given to four key sectors heavily integrated into global value chains (GVCs): Textiles and Apparel; Chemicals; ICT and Electronics; and, Motor Vehicles. Some insights into the roles played by services sectors and non-residents’ expenditure and, the employment and environmental impacts of GVCs, are also provided. Considerable heterogeneity across countries and regions is revealed, particularly for East and Southeast Asian where China plays a key role. Services are increasingly important for manufactured exporting activities as well as for countries wishing to “upgrade” their activities to higher value added stages of production. Taking a consumption perspective suggests that national efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be affected by international outsourcing of production.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f9a10dc-en
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    Global value chains and the shipbuilding industry (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2019, 08
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Globale Wertschöpfungskette ; Input-Output-Analyse ; Schiffbau ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Arbeitspapier
    Abstract: This paper provides an initial assessment of the shipbuilding industry in the context of global value chains by presenting new descriptive evidence on value added generation and sourcing patterns of intermediate inputs for ship construction of major shipbuilding economies. The findings reveal that shipbuilding relies heavily on intermediate inputs as around 70-80% of the final output value of ship production is generated through supplier sectors. Concerning sourcing activity, China appears to be the most self-sufficient among the four jurisdictions studied, followed by Japan and the EU28, while Korea seems to be more globally integrated. The analysis also explores variations among the four economies in the cost structure of shipbuilding inputs, which might partly be explained by differences in the ship types produced.
    DOI: 10.1787/7e94709a-en
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    Connecting official development assistance and science, technology and innovation for inclusive development : measurement challenges from a development assistance committee perspective (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 58
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.58
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Advancements in science and technology are important drivers of economic growth and well-being and have the potential to help countries leapfrog stages of development. Greater investments are needed to strengthen developing countries’ research capacity and exploit the benefits of modern technologies. Financing Science, Technology and innovation (STI) in a developing country context is difficult, however. This paper tests a novel methodology to assess STI-related development finance starting from development finance data reported to the OECD through the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database. Using this experimental methodology, total development finance to STI over the past years is estimated. Some suggestions to improve the measurement of STI in a development context are provided. Should that box be removed now?
    DOI: 10.1787/3726edff-en
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    Blended finance in fragile contexts : opportunities and risks (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 62
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.62
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The development community agrees on the need to address conflict and fragility for global security and sustainable development. In such complex situations, programming should strive to include multiple actors at various levels of society. Although the use of private investment in fragile contexts has so far been low, the need to address the SDG funding gap makes innovative and more flexible financing methods worth considering. Official Development Aid remains critical, but blended finance can help enlarge the total resources available for development. This paper analyses the OECD-DAC statistics on amounts mobilised from the private sector by official development finance interventions, from 2012 to 2017, against the multidimensional lens presented in the OECD 2018 States of Fragility Framework. The data shows a positive relationship between blending opportunities and economic, political and environmental security. The amounts of private finance mobilised increase, as a country’s economic, political and environmental fragility decreases. The way blended finance interplays with societal fragility and security remains unclear, as these two dimensions exert more complex influence on the trade-off between perceived risks and anticipated returns, which typically guides private investors.
    DOI: 10.1787/f5e557b2-en
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  • 54
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    Illicit financial flows : illicit trade in counterfeit, pirated and substandard goods in Ghana (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 65
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.65
    Keywords: Development ; Ghana ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Illicit trade in goods that displace normally legal goods is an extensive global problem, which carries considerable development risks and losses for developing countries. Focusing on pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and consumer goods (which in itself consists of a broad range of goods), this case study reviews the example of Ghana to illustrate this problem, although it is a challenge afflicting all West African countries. This paper highlights the magnitude and significance of the problem. It also reveals the actors involved, with a view to identify the drivers and interests behind the trade, and their developmental impacts. Although the case study focuses primarily on three kinds of goods in a single country, the analysis further aims to identify common causal factors that can be extrapolated across the counterfeit, pirated and substandard trade in the wider region with a view to inform the development of prospective policy recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/113ce3d6-en
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    Greening regional trade agreements : subsidies related to energy and environmental goods (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade and environment working papers 2020, 01
    Keywords: Environment ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Many regional trade agreements (RTAs) contain chapters and articles that are environmentally specific. However, Parties can elect to more broadly incorporate environmental objectives in their RTAs to address their environmental concerns in such agreements. This report investigates in what ways RTAs could incorporate environmental objectives in chapters and articles related to subsidies for energy and environmental goods. It highlights the current state of play in incorporating provisions related to environmentally related subsidies in RTAs, and also illustrates possible ways to incorporate environmental objectives in RTAs based on existing practice and information. Regional disciplines on subsidies could be considered in RTAs with respect to the Parties’ environmental objectives in several ways, such as ensuring non-discriminatory measures, agreeing on a set of non-actionable subsidies, committing to phase-out certain subsidies, and securing greater transparency.
    DOI: 10.1787/7e1fe8ed-en
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    Policies for encouraging healthier food choices (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 137
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What is the role of government policies in encouraging healthier food choices to fight the current overweight and obesity epidemics? This report briefly examines the evidence base on unhealthy diets, including the associated burden on health systems. It then takes stock of current knowledge on the effectiveness of policy instruments to tackle unhealthy diets and proposes a four-track policy approach to encourage healthier food choices that is consistent with wider objectives for the food and agriculture sector. This policy approach includes demand side public interventions, voluntary collaboration with the food industry at the supply-demand interface, firmer regulations when public-private incentives are misaligned, and fiscal measures. This report underscores the importance of a robust evidence base for developing effective policies, which in turn requires investments in effective data systems. The Annex takes stock of how well developed food data systems are currently across a range of OECD countries and provides some recommendations on how to move forward.
    DOI: 10.1787/11a42b51-en
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    Financing for refugee situations (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 24 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Forced displacement, including refugee flows, is a global phenomenon. As of 2018, 26 million people were refugees. Financing from the international community makes a significant contribution to supporting refugees and host communities. But in order to meet those needs effectively and efficiently, financing strategies need to take account of the particularities of large-scale refugee situations. Refugee flows are complex, often protracted, and, require humanitarian, development and peace financing to work in complementary ways. Doing this effectively can create opportunities that are of benefit to both refugees and host communities. This policy paper presents seven principles for improving financing for refugee situations, based on global trends and case studies in three hosting countries (Uganda, Lebanon, and Colombia) and one origin/return country (Central African Republic). Both the quality and the quantity of financing matters to get the greatest value for refugees and their host communities.
    DOI: 10.1787/02d6b022-en
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  • 58
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    Decentralised development co-operation : unlocking the potential of cities and regions (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 22 (December 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Addis Ababa Action Agenda raises the urgency to address growing financing and capacity needs at all levels of government in developing countries (para. 34) while the 2030 Agenda calls to “localise” the SDGs. In its High Level Communiqué of 31 October 2017, the DAC stressed that “complex challenges increasingly require coherent approaches at all levels and co-ordinated, inclusive actions”, remaining “committed to improving quality and impact of our development co-operation policies”. Decentralised development co-operation, or international development co-operation carried out by subnational governments, is one tool OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members can deploy to ensure that development co-operation is fit-for-purpose and responds to the local realities of the 2030 Agenda. The paper provides an assessment of the potential strengthens of decentralised development co-operation approaches as well as new opportunities to overcome longstanding challenges, including through the promotion of new forms of multi-level and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9703003-en
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  • 59
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    Review of national policy initiatives in support of digital and AI-driven innovation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 79 (October 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What can we learn from new policies implemented in different OECD countries to foster digital and AI-driven innovation? This document reviews and extracts lessons from 12 national policy initiatives (four AI strategies and eight policy programmes) aimed at supporting breakthrough digital and AI-driven innovation and the application of those innovations by industry. Most selected policy initiatives actively involve multiple stakeholders from public research, industry and government, have mixed public-private funding models and seek international co-operation on AI. AI and digital research and innovation centres encourage interdisciplinarity, reduce hierarchies within centres and increase the autonomy of staff to enhance centres’ agility and spur creativity. AI strategies set specific actions to strengthen AI research and capabilities, support business adoption of AI and develop standards for the ethical use of AI. Responsible data-access and sharing regulations, infrastructure investments, and measures to ensure that AI contributes to sustainable and inclusive growth are other priorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/15491174-en
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    Cross-country evidence on the contributions of research institutions to innovation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 77 (September 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents preliminary evidence on the patenting activities of 21 200 research institutions - 20 091 higher education institutions (HEIs) and 1 109 public research institutes (PRIs) - for 36 OECD countries and China from 1992 to 2014. Our evidence, which builds on a database that matches research institutions to a sample of their patent applications, indicates patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) filed by research institutions grew faster than industry patents. Those jointly filed by industry and research institutions grew even faster. However, research institutions’ share in patent applications remains low and their ratio of patents granted to applications is below that of industry. An econometric analysis at postal code level shows that geographical proximity to research institutions is associated with higher industry patenting. Results from an instrumental variable estimation indicate that research institutions positively influence local industry patenting, including in life sciences and digital technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/d52d6176-en
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    Policy initiatives to enhance the impact of public research : promoting excellence, transfer and co-creation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 81 (October 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Policies to boost the impact of public research can be classified into three broad categories. Firstly, policy initiatives promoting research excellence encourage frontier research by providing large-scale, long-term competitive funding to selected research centres. Secondly, policies supporting knowledge transfer aim at commercialising the results of public research through patent licensing, spin-off companies, and other channels. Thirdly, policies promoting science-industry co-creation focus on fostering more intense modes of research collaboration through joint funding, shared facilities and mixed teams; often involving other civil society stakeholders besides public research institutions and firms. This paper illustrates the variety of options available within each of these three types of policies, based on a review of twelve case studies across nine different countries. The analysis draws attention to the design options, budgets, implementation challenges, international scope, evaluation practices and lessons learnt from these policy initiatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/a4c9197a-en
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  • 62
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    Scaling up climate-compatible infrastructure : insights from national development banks in Brazil and South Africa (2019)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 18
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.18
    Series Statement: Case study
    Keywords: Environment ; Brazil ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: National development banks (NDBs) and development finance institutions – domestically focused, publicly owned financial institutions with a specific development mandate – are poised to play a role in bridging the investment gap for climate-compatible infrastructure in developing countries. But delivering on the Paris Agreement will require NDBs to transition from their traditional role as ‘financer’ to ‘mobiliser’ of investment for infrastructure, and to be better recognised in the international climate and development finance landscape. This paper highlights the role of NDBs drawing from case studies of the Brazilian Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and the Development Bank of Southern Africa. As such, it provides important impetus to the international discourse on decisive climate action.
    DOI: 10.1787/12456ee6-en
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  • 63
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    Yours inclusively? : income mobility in Ireland, 10 years of tax record microdata (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1578
    Keywords: Economics ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: While policymakers are rightly concerned about evidence of rising income concentration at the top, it is often wrongly assumed that the same rich individuals stay rich. In reality, the membership of this group are in a state of constant flux. This new study, based on more than 20 million tax records over 10 years, examines the highest income earners in Ireland but also who moves up and down the income ladder over time. While income inequality has increased in most OECD countries, in Ireland it has been broadly stable for most of the income distribution. The top 10% of income earners receive 1/3 of total income and pay around 2/3 of all income tax. Unlike other OECD countries, the top 1% has not expanded its gross income share, partly due to long range downward mobility during the recession for those with the highest incomes. Moreover, more progressive taxation has also reduced the top 1 per cent’s share of disposable income. This paper finds that income inequality increases with age and differs dramatically across economic sectors – the difference between the top 1% and the median is greatest in the professional, financial and health sectors. In the professional sector for example, the top 1% threshold is 12 times the median compared to 3 times in the public sector. The share of employment in these sectors has grown contributing to greater income inequality but also higher upward income mobility. Indeed, the analysis in the paper shows upward income mobility is higher for those working in finance, professional and technical occupations and among the young, those living in Dublin, and those changing jobs. Finally, there is also evidence that economic mobility has declined among median income classes over the past 10 years in Ireland – relatively fewer workers are now moving up or down the income ladder than before.
    DOI: 10.1787/f3df1668-en
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    Supporting research for sustainable development (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 78 (October 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This document presents nine innovation policy initiatives from different OECD countries that support research and innovation for sustainable development by embracing systemic solutions to address the challenge. The three types of initiatives reviewed include: i) grant schemes that support the development of environmental technologies; ii) programmes that foster research collaborations to address environmental challenges; and iii) smart city initiatives that support sustainable development in urban areas often by leveraging the use of digital technologies. The nine policy initiatives, which were selected based on an overview of initiatives gathered by the EC-OECD STIP Compass database, are described with regards to their main features, including policy objective, policy instrument(s) implemented, target groups, selection criteria and procedures, implementation challenges faced as well as their impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c9b7be4-en
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    Innovation support in the enterprise sector : industry and SMEs (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 82 (October 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This policy paper outlines major policy trends in public support of innovation activities in industry and SMEs across OECD countries. It discusses the policy mix to strengthen business R&D and innovation, and possible avenues to improve this mix in response to evolving needs, driven new trends in technology and other factors. Across the OECD, governments strive to reinforce international competitiveness through a variety of policy initiatives supporting business innovation. In particular, these initiatives facilitate the technological upgrading of existing industries and the development of strategic sectors. Twelve case studies discuss selected initiatives in the following areas: Support for innovative enterprises and clusters, development of strategic industrial sectors in particular in manufacturing, and the transition of industry towards new production methods (Industry 4.0). While the dimensions for the effective implementation of these initiatives vary, this paper identifies some features that may help identify good practices in their design, implementation and evaluation.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ffb2cbc-en
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  • 66
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    State of the art in the use of emerging technologies in the public sector (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on public governance no. 31
    Keywords: Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This Working Paper is intended to highlight the main opportunities and challenges for the use of emerging technologies (ET), and in particular emerging digital technologies, in the public sector. Based on the first results of the analysis of evidence collected in 20 countries, the paper offers a few insights on the state of the art on the strategies and practical examples on how governments are attempting to integrate ET in the public sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/932780bc-en
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  • 67
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    Slovenia: Country Health Profile 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264676220
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Slovenija: Zdravstveni profil leta 2019
    Keywords: 2010-2017 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Slowenien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Slovenia Republic as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/79ba70a2-en
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  • 68
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    Greece: Country Health Profile 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264516946
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ελλάδα: Προφίλ Υγείας 2019
    Keywords: 2010-2017 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Griechenland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Greece as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/d87da56a-en
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  • 69
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    Online advertising : trends, benefits and risks for consumers (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 272 (January 2019)
    Keywords: Online-Marketing ; Verbraucherschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Online advertising is now the dominant form of advertising in many OECD countries, and offers businesses the ability to reach consumers in ways that could only have been imagined previously. Online advertising has the potential to benefit consumers through more relevant and timely advertising, and by funding a host of “free” online services. However, it also raises some new and complex challenges for consumers and consumer protection authorities. This report by the OECD’s Committee on Consumer Policy provides an introduction to the complex landscape that is online advertising. It outlines the potential benefits and risks for consumers, drawing on the behavioural insights literature where relevant.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f42c85d-en
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  • 70
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    Evaluating the impact of urban road pricing on the use of green transport modes : the case of Milan (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 143
    Keywords: City-Maut ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Fahrrad ; Share Economy ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Mailand ; Environment ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of congestion pricing on the demand for clean transport modes. To this end, it draws on an empirical analysis of the effect of Milan’s congestion charge on the use of bike sharing. The analysis indicates that congestion pricing increases daily bike-sharing use by at least 5% in the short term. Extending the schedule of the congestion charge in the early evening increases bike-sharing use in the affected time window by 12%. The impact of the policy on bike-sharing use mainly occurs through the reduction of road traffic congestion, which makes cycling safer and more pleasant. The findings of the study indicate that policies aiming to reduce car use also have positive repercussions on the uptake of green mobility options. Relying solely on direct incentives for cycling, which often involve infrastructure projects, is likely insufficient to remove barriers to bike use.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/ddaa6b25-en
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  • 71
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    Digital dividend : policies to harness the productivity potential of digital technologies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 26 (February 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Informationstechnik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Technologiepolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Qualifikation ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents a range of policies to enhance adoption of digital technologies and firm productivity. It quantifies illustratively the effect of policy changes by combining the results of two recent OECD analyses on the drivers of adoption and their productivity benefits. Increasing access to high-speed internet, upgrading technical and managerial skills and implementing product and labour market reforms to facilitate the reallocation of resources in the economy are found to be the main factors supporting the efficient adoption of a selection of digital technologies. The most productive firms have benefitted relatively more from digitalisation in the past, contributing to a widening productivity gap with less productive firms. Policies should create the conditions for efficient adoption by less productive firms, which would help them to catch up, achieving a double dividend in terms of growth and inclusiveness. Enhancing skills has a key role to play in this area since less productive firms suffer relatively more from skill shortages.
    DOI: 10.1787/273176bc-en
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  • 72
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    Linking aid to the Sustainable Development Goals : a machine learning approach (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 52
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.52
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; Lernen ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Official Development Assistance amounted USD 146.6 billions in 2017 but do we know how much of this aid contributed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? And to what SDG in particular? This paper present a new methodology using machine learning designed to link project-based flows to the Sustainable Development Goals. It provide first estimates of DAC and non-DAC donors’ aid contribution for the goal and show that similar analysis can be done at the recipient level and for other type of textual database such as private sector reports; opening wide array for policy analysis. The methodology presented in this working paper uses semantic analysis of the text description of each project present in the Creditor Reporting System (CRS).
    DOI: 10.1787/4bdaeb8c-en
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  • 73
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    Transition finance : introducing a new concept (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 54
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.54
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Auslandsinvestition ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In answer to the call expressed within the Addis Ababa Action Agenda to mobilise all available resources – domestic and foreign, public and private – in support of the Sustainable Development Goals, the Development Co-operation Directorate develops a new work stream on transition finance to explore the evolution and interaction of public (official development assistance and other official flows) and private (foreign direct investments and remittances) sources of finance across the development continuum – studying multiple stages of development: low income countries, middle income countries, fragile contexts, and different regions of the world. Its ultimate objective is to advise the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in preparing countries for transition (outlining the optimal financial mix and offering policy recommendations) and in building resilience. This paper introduces the concept of transition finance and initiates research to advise the DAC on its role as a major provider of development assistance among other public and private providers of financing for the 2030 Agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/2dad64fb-en
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  • 74
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    Digitalisation and productivity : in search of the holy grail : firm-level empirical evidence from EU countries (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1533
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Informationstechnik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Qualifikation ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses how the adoption of a range of digital technologies affects firm productivity. It combines cross-country firm-level data on productivity and industry-level data on digital technology adoption in an empirical framework that accounts for firm heterogeneity. The results provide robust evidence that digital adoption in an industry is associated to productivity gains at the firm level. Effects are relatively stronger in manufacturing and routine-intensive activities. They also tend to be stronger for more productive firms and weaker in presence of skill shortages, which may relate to the complementarities between digital technologies and other forms of capital (e.g. skills, organisation, or intangibles). As a result, digital technologies may have contributed to the growing dispersion in productivity performance across firms. Hence, policies to support digital adoption should go hand in hand with creating the conditions to enable the catch-up of lagging firms, notably by easing access to skills.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5080f4b6-en
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  • 75
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    State-owned firms behind China’s corporate debt (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1536
    Keywords: Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Verbindlichkeiten ; China ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: While China’s overall debt-to-GDP ratio is not particularly high, its non-financial corporate debt relative to GDP is higher than in other major economies. State-owned enterprises account for over three quarters of that debt with a size exceeding GDP. This paper provides insights into the size of debt, leverage and debt service burden by various non-financial SOE groupings including by size, extent of state ownership, level of the owner, broad and detailed sector and region. Although the debt stock of local SOEs increased the fastest, firms under government agencies leveraged up more quickly and their debt service burden also grew most rapidly. SOEs in services industries increased their debt fastest, in particular in social services, transportation, real estate and construction. In turn, warehousing and real estate firms have the highest leverage. Firms in the three provinces of Xinjiang, Shanxi and Qinghai rank among the top five in all the three indicators of debt to revenues, leverage and debt service burden. Large SOEs owe most debt and leveraged up, while small and medium-size ones reduced their leverage. The surge in the debt service burden of small SOEs coincided with an increase in state assets in this group of firms. Sector-wise, state assets increased most in competitive industries. Empirical analysis shows that higher leverage and labour productivity are more conducive to a surge in SOE debt. Such surges appear to be triggered by falling interest costs, pointing to the role for easy monetary conditions in the rapid SOE debt accumulation. Recent corporate governance reforms of SOEs will likely act as disciplining device on SOE borrowing.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/7c66570e-en
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  • 76
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    Dynamic changes and effects of agro-food GVCS (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 119
    Keywords: 2004 - 2014 ; Agroindustrie ; Wertschöpfung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors are becoming an important part of the agro-food trading landscape, influencing both the nature of the gains from trade and the impacts of trade policies. This study explores the changes in trade in value added that are occurring within agro-food GVCs and the implications that participation in agro-food GVCs has had on the agro-food sectors. It makes use of a database on trade in value added for 22 agro-food sectors derived from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. The study finds that between 2004 and 2014, agro-food sectors have been increasing their participation in GVCs and that the links created within these production networks have become more “global” in nature. At the same time, agro-food GVCs have become increasingly centred around hubs in the People’s Republic of China and Germany where large amounts of value added are funnelled before reaching the end consumer. The study also finds that participation in agro-food GVCs is beneficial for sector development and growth – both in aggregate terms and in terms of domestic value added from exports. Of key importance has been the use of foreign value added and access to a wide diversity of imported inputs. However, policies that restrict trade and limit market openness reduce participation and sector growth and development – including policies that create barriers to trade in agro-food products themselves. In addition, the study finds that the use of services value added in exports is an important factor that contributes to sector growth, which highlights the importance of the broader policy environment to enhance the benefits from agro-food GVCs.
    DOI: 10.1787/43b7bcec-en
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  • 77
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    Intensifying the fight against IUU fishing at the regional level (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 121
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) are the primary mechanism for co-operation between fishing countries and coastal states to ensure sustainable fishing globally. This paper aims to inspire and guide RFMO secretariats and member countries in how to focus their effort and investment to step up the contribution of RFMOs to the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. It does so by measuring the extent to which RFMOs apply best practices against IUU fishing and pointing to the remaining gaps. Information gathered from RFMOs’ resolutions and recommendations introducing conservation and management measures (CMMs), other publicly available sources and direct communication with RFMOs’ secretariats was analysed and summarised into five indicators reflecting the most important management tools targeting IUU fishing at the disposal of RFMOs. Indicators show overall progress among RFMOs, but discrepancies remain, suggesting scope for improvement by learning from best performers.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7b9f17d-en
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  • 78
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    Encouraging policy change for sustainable and resilient fisheries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 127
    Keywords: 2005 - 2016 ; Fischereipolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How can policy makers successfully implement the policy changes needed to achieve greater economic, social, and environmental sustainability and resilience? This report combines lessons from the available literature, discussions with experts and stakeholders, as well as information on past policy change processes. Results suggest that, over the last decade, changes to fisheries policy have largely been triggered by the performance of the sector itself and how it is perceived, particularly with respect to resource management and to socio-economic outcomes. Other important factors stand out, in particular initiatives by people in charge of fisheries management and legal commitments to adopt changes. Macroeconomic and macro-political factors, however, appear to have had less impact on fisheries policy than on other policy domains. Key recommendations are proposed to facilitate policy change in the future through better use of data, commitment mechanisms, non-sectoral policies, and consultation processes.
    DOI: 10.1787/31f15060-en
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  • 79
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    Trade and cross-border data flows (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 220
    Keywords: Electronic Commerce ; Elektronischer Datenaustausch ; Grenze ; Datensicherheit ; Datenschutz ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The ubiquitous exchange of data across borders has given rise to a range of concerns by governments and citizens about some of the effects of so much information being collected and used, often without the knowledge of data subjects. This has led countries to condition or prohibit the transfer of data abroad, affecting trade in the process. This paper develops an indicative taxonomy of domestic approaches to cross-border data flow regulation and local storage requirements; it then surveys international instruments that address the question of international data transfers. The paper then examines the issues that data flow restrictions might raise for consumers and businesses. Against this backdrop, the paper highlights the challenge of finding balance between ensuring that important objectives, such as consumer privacy and security, are met while maintaining the benefits from free flows of data, including the benefits from increased and more inclusive digital trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/b2023a47-en
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  • 80
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    International technology transfer policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 222
    Keywords: Technologietransfer ; Außenhandel ; Auslandsinvestition ; Wettbewerb ; Immaterielle Werte ; Innovation ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Concerns are growing about policies and measures that restrict market access with the effect of “forcing” technology transfer. Efforts to target forced technology transfer are complicated by the sometimes blurred line between voluntary and mutually agreed upon technology transfers and that which is perceived to be, or is in fact, compelled. This study presents a discussion of the continuum of measures related to international technology transfer (ITT) and aims to identify those measures that pose the greatest concern over their potential to compel disclosure of commercially valuable and sensitive technology. It then briefly presents information on provisions in international trade and investment agreements that are relevant to ITT. The last section presents the perspective from the private sector in order to better understand how firms engage in technology transfers through research collaboration, licensing, joint ventures, and equity investments. The analysis in this report indicates that involuntary technology transfer is a complex issue, and it aims to provide a way for policy makers to think through the issues, to apply a systematic and analytical approach to assessing which policies are of the greatest concern.
    DOI: 10.1787/7103eabf-en
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  • 81
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    Intra-EEA STRI database : methodology and results (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 223
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents new data on regulatory barriers affecting services trade within the European Economic Area (EEA), covering 25 EEA countries, 22 sectors and five years (2014-2018). Following the methodology of the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), qualitative information is scored and weighted to produce binary composite indices. The resulting intra-EEA STRIs reveal that services trade restrictiveness within the Single Market is considerably lower than the applied MFN regime of those EEA members. Moreover, they show that EEA members have achieved significant regulatory harmonisation through their integration process.
    DOI: 10.1787/2aac6d21-en
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  • 82
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    Offshoring of services functions and labour market adjustments (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 226
    Keywords: Outsourcing ; Auslandsverlagerung ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Strukturwandel ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: About 40% of employment in manufacturing is in services functions. This paper develops a measure of narrow outsourcing, matching services functions performed by workers inside manufacturing firms to the same services functions provided by outside suppliers. The measure allows us to analyse the competition that, say, workers at the IT services desk in manufacturing firms face from outside IT suppliers. Narrow outsourcing is entered into labour demand functions where labour is broken down on business functions using OECD data combined with the 2016 releases of the World Input Output Database (WIOD). On average, a one percentage point increase in narrow local outsourcing of services reduces manufacturing employment in the same services function by between 1.5% (R&D) and 3% (transport). The impact of offshoring on manufacturing labour demand is small on average, but depends strongly on the complexity of the value chain, the policy environment and technology. Manufacturing employment is more services intensive the longer the value chain. In-house IT functions complement and support offshored IT functions, while offshored R&D functions tend to replace in-house R&D. Tentatively, technology as measured by IT maturity and the length of the value chain is more important for employment in services functions in manufacturing than is offshoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/1590079f-en
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  • 83
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    The distributional aspects of environmental quality and environmental policies : opportunities for individuals and households (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2019, 02
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews the empirical evidence on the socioeconomic distribution of exposure to a selection of common environmental risks such as air and noise pollution and natural hazards, and of access to amenities such as green space. It finds that there are many examples where disadvantaged groups within countries, regions or cities are exposed to greater environmental risks, and ultimately greater potential harm or damages, or have poorer access to amenities than more advantaged groups. However, this pattern is not ubiquitous, there are examples in the literature where no difference, or the opposite difference is observed. Next, the paper reviews the empirical literature on the distributional effects of environmental policies. It concludes that although the evidence on the direct effects of environmental policy varies by policy instrument type, the general lesson is that well-designed environmental policy reforms incorporating appropriately targeted compensation schemes (e.g. within existing social welfare systems) can neutralise direct negative distributional outcomes and generate progressive outcomes overall.
    DOI: 10.1787/e0939b52-en
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  • 84
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    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Lithuania : in-depth policy review (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 02
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/02
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Litauen ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This review provides an in-depth analysis of the Lithuanian policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. Key policy issues analysed include: raising awareness and clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); coordinating policy and legal frameworks (Chapter 3); enhancing the role of social enterprises in public procurement (Chapter 4); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 5); and improving their access to finance (Chapter 6).
    DOI: 10.1787/502fc6ef-en
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  • 85
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    Transmission of antimicrobial resistance from livestock agriculture to humans and from humans to animals (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 133
    Keywords: Tierhaltung ; Krankheit ; Menschen ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The emergence of a resistant pathogen reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing or treating an infection caused by a micro-organism, thus increasing morbidity and mortality and leading to higher economic costs to livestock producers. An understanding of the underlying disease dynamics is crucial in finding appropriate solutions to containing the rise in antimicrobial resistance. This report synthesises the evidence on the potential modes of transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals and vice versa. In particular, the important role of the environment in the transmission chain is discussed as well as practices to break this link. This report also illustrates some of the commonly shared antibiotic classes that are used in human medicine and animal production, and the overall trends in the usage of these antibiotics. While information on transmission of resistance is sparse, the report highlights several priority areas where future research could focus in order to bring a greater understanding of these interactions.
    DOI: 10.1787/fcf77850-en
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  • 86
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    Towards universal social protection : lessons from the Universal Health Coverage Initiative (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers no. 20 (September 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD development policy papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Universal social protection (USP) is becoming high priority in many developing countries’ agendas. However, information on what has worked well – and not so well – is limited. This study reviews a wide range of recent country experiences with universal health coverage (UHC) financing and implementation in order to draw lessons and help governments elaborate policies for USP and the extension of social protection. It looks at different pathways and delivery and financing challenges to universalism in health coverage and takes a close look at equity issues. It concludes with some key takeaways from UHC implementation and its implications for USP. One important message of this study is that while the UHC experience cannot be mechanically transposed to the USP agenda, a number of lessons can be drawn. Moreover, the benefits in terms of coverage and equity of better integrating USP and UHC appear tremendous.
    DOI: 10.1787/bae641e2-en
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  • 87
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    The impact of digital government on citizen wellbeing (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on public governance no. 32
    Keywords: Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Informed by the OECD’s well-being framework, this Working Paper considers how the experience of civic engagement and governance is being transformed and explores how governments can harness the potential of digital technologies and data to develop better outcomes for better lives. The paper proposes that in order to maximise the relationship between digital government activity and citizen well-being, government focus should be on benefits that are not only material in terms of the quality of services, but that reflect the intellectual and emotional benefits derived from a different approach to government interactions with its constituents. The paper suggests that the relationship between digital government and citizen well-being is best encapsulated by the outcomes which follow from a government that is responsive, protective and trustworthy.
    DOI: 10.1787/24bac82f-en
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  • 88
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    Business dynamics and digitalisation (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 62 (March 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.62
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work analyses the role of the digital transformation for business dynamics across countries. The analysis combines unique harmonised data on business dynamics for 15 countries with a multi-dimensional measure of digital intensity that takes into account different facets of the digital transformation. Two key stylised facts emerge. First, digital intensive sectors – especially digital intensive services – are on average more dynamic than other sectors of the economy. Second, business dynamism has been declining in digital intensive sectors, and more so than in other sectors, especially after 2001. Despite an important role is played by technology, significant differences across countries still remain and are related to a number of institutional and policy factors.
    DOI: 10.1787/6e0b011a-en
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  • 89
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    Science-industry knowledge exchange : a mapping of policy instruments and their interactions (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 66 (April 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Countries deploy a variety of financial, regulatory and soft policy instruments to promote science-industry knowledge exchange. While these instruments are often discussed in isolation, they are implemented collectively and may reinforce and complement but also weaken or even negatively affect each other and add excessive complexity. This paper develops a conceptual framework to map policy instruments for knowledge exchange and assess the interactions between them. The framework also considers how national contexts and global trends influence the choice of policy instruments. Policy examples drawn from the EC-OECD STIP Compass database and from case studies show that there are significant differences across countries in the relative importance given to each policy instrument in terms of budget, target groups, eligibility criteria, time horizon and implementation. These differences are also a consequence of different country conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/66a3bd38-en
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  • 90
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    Local content requirements and their economic effect on shipbuilding : a quantitative assessment (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 69 (April 2019)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study quantifies the significant economic gains that are expected to be revealed through the abolition or relaxation of local content based policies. The work analyses two specific local content policies affecting directly or indirectly the shipbuilding industry in two countries: Brazil’s local content requirement as part of national concession contracts in the oil and gas sector, and the long-standing US Jones Act obliging intra-US seaborne trade to be conducted on US built and US flagged vessels. The paper’s static simulation exploits OECD’s latest Trade-in-Value-Added (TiVA) data – a rich database on Inter-Country Input-Output relationships. The database has been disaggregated to the level of the shipbuilding industry, enabling an assessment of the effect of the two selected policies on inter-industry trade. The simulation results suggest large economic benefits for both countries in the long-term despite initial losses in the target industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/90316781-en
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  • 91
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    Ship finance practices in major shipbuilding economies (2019)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 75 (August 2019)
    Keywords: Schiffsfinanzierung ; Schiffbau ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report presents an overview and trends of the ship finance practices in major shipbuilding economies. Ship finance is a broad term that involves corporate financial management of shipping companies and shipyards as well as new-building finance. Shipping companies need funds in order to refinance their debts, to sustain their working capital and to acquire vessels. Shipyards also need to finance their working capital before delivering orders and receiving full payments. There are two main sources of capital allowing shipping companies to finance their businesses; raising money through equity financing (sales of shares) or debt (loans and bonds). In the case of shipbuilding, debt financing includes using leasing schemes. Given the fact that the maritime industry is highly capital intensive, and with the 2008 Global Financial Crisis’ depressing effects on global economy and international trade, its financing has become critical for the shipbuilding sector and shipping companies around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/e0448fd0-en
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  • 92
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    Policy approaches to incentivise sustainable plastic design (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 149
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Plastics are an important material in the economy but present a challenge for waste management, resource efficiency and the environment. Low rates of recycling and high rates of environmental leakage represent key sustainability challenges for plastics as well as product designers and producers. The chemical composition of plastics, including their additives, create physical and toxicological barriers to ‘closing the loop’ on the material, and creates risks such as low quality secondary materials or ecological exposure to hazardous chemicals. A range of policy instruments can be applied to improve the sustainability of plastics, including regulations, market-based instruments, information and voluntary tools. The report reviews the current use of instruments in each of these categories, provides a number of good practice examples, such as product taxes and charges, eco-design standards, extended producer responsibility and environmental product labels, as well as discussing opportunities for their future applications.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/233ac351-en
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  • 93
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    Regional integration in border cities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 20 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, highlights the contribution of border towns to the process of regional integration in West Africa. For 18 countries, six indicators are used to identify the specificities of border towns at the local, national and international levels: demography, urban morphology, formal enterprises, health infrastructure, road accessibility, border control posts. These indicators are analysed from the perspective of three geographical scales of regional integration (density, distance and division). The report details the economic and institutional obstacles facing border towns. It concludes with place-based political options to facilitate the economic and political development of West African border towns. Also in this Collection: “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Businesses and Health in Border Cities”, No. 22 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
    DOI: 10.1787/f41ef7ab-en
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  • 94
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    Businesses and health in border cities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 22 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, part of the “Cities” collection, analyses the spatial distribution of formal enterprises and health infrastructure in West Africa. The analysis shows that sectors crucial for regional integration are concentrated in economic capitals rather than in border areas. These results illustrate the difficulty that many West African countries have in distributing the potential for economic development throughout the country. The mapping of health infrastructure shows that border towns have a surplus of medical centres and a deficit of hospitals and maternity wards relative to their urban populations. The report identifies several regions in which closer co-operation could favour the establishment of cross-border health facilities. Also in this Collection: “Regional Integration in Border Cities”, No. 20 “Population and Morphology of Border Cities”, No. 21 “Accessibility and Infrastructure in Border Cities”, No. 23
    DOI: 10.1787/6721f08d-en
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  • 95
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    Integrating gender analysis into food & nutrition security early warning systems in West Africa (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 24 (April 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Integrating gender dimensions into early warning systems is critical to support equitable crisis prevention and response. This paper investigates the extent to which food and nutrition security early warning systems (FNS EWS) in the Sahel and West Africa are gender-responsive and highlights existing gaps at national and regional levels. Progress has been made by key partners and stakeholders towards strengthening the gender analysis of FNS EWS, however, these efforts have not led to a unified reconfiguration of joint FNS EWS mechanisms to be more gender-responsive. More concerted efforts are required to assess and track the gender dimensions of FNS EWS to inform more equitable emergency prevention and response. This paper provides timely policy directions to support stakeholders’ efforts in strengthening the gender-responsiveness of early warning systems in the Sahel and West Africa.
    DOI: 10.1787/abd5f499-en
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  • 96
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    Améliorer l'efficience de l'investissement public en France (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1560
    Keywords: Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: L’investissement public a le potentiel de stimuler la demande à court terme, et des infrastructures appropriées peuvent aussi entraîner des gains de productivité et contribuer à rendre la croissance économique plus inclusive en garantissant une égalité d’accès au marché du travail, à l’éducation et aux soins de santé. Les investissements publics de la France sont élevés, et son stock de capital public est important. En particulier, le réseau d’infrastructures de la France est bien développé, et très bien classé si on le compare à celui d’autres pays. Pour autant, dans certains secteurs, le manque d’investissements d’entretien et de modernisation a sans doute nui à l’efficacité du capital investi dans les infrastructures existantes. Pour pouvoir bénéficier pleinement de ses investissements publics, la France doit renforcer et développer l’ensemble de sa stratégie pour relever plusieurs défis, consistant notamment à promouvoir les considérations d’efficience socio-économique dans le choix de ses projets d’investissement, à harmoniser les procédures s’étalant sur toute la durée de vie des investissements entre les différents secteurs et niveaux administratifs, et à concentrer les investissements de certains secteurs sur l’entretien et la qualité du stock de capital. En outre, comme les collectivités locales sont responsables de la plupart des investissements publics, il sera utile de poursuivre les efforts visant à répartir clairement les responsabilités entre les différents échelons administratifs pour pouvoir bénéficier d’économies d’échelle et de gamme. L’investissement public devrait aussi viser à atteindre les objectifs fixés dans les domaines de l’environnement, du numérique, de la recherche et de l’innovation pour permettre à la France de respecter ses engagements nationaux et internationaux et garantir une croissance plus vigoureuse et plus durable. Les choix opérés devront faire une place à l’investissement privé pour permettre la réalisation de ces objectifs et stimuler la croissance potentielle, notamment en développant une liste de projets prêts à financer et en ajustant de manière dynamique le soutien public aux politiques en matière d’énergie et de changement climatique. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la France 2019 (http://www.oecd.org/fr/economie/france-en-un-coup-d-oeil/)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/9173caba-en
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  • 97
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    Indigenous economic development and well-being in a place-based context (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 01
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper adapts the OECD Regional Development framework to places with an Indigenous population. It identifies the importance of flexibility in geographic scale for organising policies for Indigenous communities, development objectives that reflect the self-determined and informed choices of Indigenous peoples, and implementing strategies for development based on the identification of local assets.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf4514b6-en
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  • 98
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    Indigenous community capacity and multi-level governance (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 04
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper establishes an analytical framework for understanding and assessing Indigenous economic development and well-being in a place-based context. It identifies the importance of flexibility in geographic scale for organising policies for Indigenous communities, development objectives that reflect the self-determined and informed choices of Indigenous peoples, and implementing strategies for development based on the identification of local assets.
    DOI: 10.1787/8036b14d-en
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  • 99
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    Classifying small (TL3) regions based on metropolitan population, low density and remoteness (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 06
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a method to classify TL3regions across OECD countries based on their level of access to metropolitan areas. TL3 regions are classified as ‘metropolitan’ if more than half of their population lives in one or more functional urban area (FUA) of at least 250 thousand inhabitants and as ‘non-metropolitan’ otherwise. The method sub-classifies metropolitan regions into ‘large metro’ or ‘metro’ regions based on the population size of the FUAs located within those regions. Non-metropolitan TL3 regions are sub-classified into: with accessto a metro, with access to a small/medium city, or remote based on their level of access to a FUA with population above a predetermined threshold. The method relies on publicly available grid-level population data and localised information on driving conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/b902cc00-en
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  • 100
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    Trends for smart city strategies in emerging Asia (2019)
    [Paris, France] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2019, 10
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Smart cities represent the future of urban development in Emerging Asia as more and more cities and countries resort to smart technologies to build more efficient and liveable urban environments, boost economic growth, foster well-being and facilitate citizen engagement. Policy makers in the region have adopted plans to develop and promote the use of technology to organise and run urban areas. Governments have also provided significant financial backing to smart city projects, acknowledging the importance of public support in this field. The development of smart cities offers significant prospects to tackle enduring issues faced by Emerging Asian cities in policy areas such as transport, the provision of public services, education, healthcare and utilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/4fcef080-en
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