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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (20.232)
  • Dordrecht : Springer
  • Hoboken : Taylor and Francis
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 101
    ISBN: 9789264343115 , 9789264396784 , 9789264782051
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Privater Konsum ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals. These results are a key input for evidence-based policies targeting inequality and fostering inclusive growth, providing insights into key dimensions of material well-being across household groups. The results complement existing inequality measures by including elements that are often lacking from micro statistics and by providing inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates, broadening the scope for analyses, while also capturing households and transactions that are typically underrepresented in micro data. Moreover, while the estimates do require a number of statistical choices and assumptions, they have a high degree of international comparability because of the common methodology and their alignment to national accounts results. The handbook provides an overview of the conceptual framework underlying the distributional results and discusses various aspects in relation to the compilation and presentation of the distributional results. It aims to assist compilers in deriving high-quality distributional results and to provide users with more insights into the main benefits of these results as well as into the way that the results have been derived.
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  • 102
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264825420 , 9789264577473 , 9789264378490
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Rückwanderung ; Familie ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Return migration has emerged as a critical policy concern for both destination and origin countries. While policy attention in destination countries has been focused on assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) programs, particularly for migrants with expulsion orders, these efforts represent only a fraction of broader return movements. This report, based on a project carried out by the OECD with support from the German Corporation for International Co-operation (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH – GIZ), commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, analyses the scope and characteristics of different categories of return migration. The report draws on three workshops, held in Tunis, Rabat and Brussels, that discussed return migration in different contexts. It examines the multiple factors that influence migrants' decisions to return to their countries of origin and their reintegration at home, including the role of family and community. The report emphasises the pre-existing structures and networks of returning migrants in origin countries and their role in supporting different types of return migrants. The report also looks at potential re-migration.
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  • 103
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264319882 , 9789264952195 , 9789264376472
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzprodukt ; Private Finanzplanung ; Verbraucherkredit ; Finanzrisiko ; Verbraucherschutz ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Using original data collected from governments around the globe, the Consumer Finance Risk Monitor analyses the constantly evolving issues and risks facing consumers of financial products and services. It examines consumer harms and complaints in five product markets (banking and payments, credit, insurance, investments and pensions) and describes regulatory and supervisory responses to address market conduct risks. It also presents data on financial scams and frauds, highlights tools used to monitor risks, and identifies consumer protection policy responses.
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  • 104
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264944329 , 9789264653399 , 9789264507401
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Repenser l'évaluation de la performance des systèmes de santé : Un cadre renouvelé
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitswesen ; Performance-Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Health systems are under intense pressure to adapt to evolving needs and megatrends driven by population ageing, digitalisation, and climate change. They also need to be better prepared to withstand sudden, large-scale shocks such as pandemics, financial crises, natural disasters, or cyberattacks. This shifting policy context and emerging challenges called for a revision in how OECD countries assess health system performance, to help ensure that health systems meet people’s health needs and preferences while providing quality healthcare for all. This document presents the OECD’s renewed health system performance assessment framework. It incorporates new performance dimensions, notably people-centredness, resilience, and environmental sustainability, and places increased emphasis on addressing inequalities, including those related to gender. This framework expands on existing OECD efforts in these domains and integrates the most recent advancements in health system performance assessment. By offering common definitions and fostering a shared understanding among policy makers, stakeholders and organisations, the updated framework will enhance international collaboration. Furthermore, it lays the foundation for developing future indicators, facilitating data collection, policy analysis, and the integration of knowledge.
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  • 105
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264439276
    Sprache: Tschechisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Czechia: Country Health Profile 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czechia
    Kurzfassung: Tento profil poskytuje stručný a politicky zaměřený přehled o zdravotním stavu a systému zdravotní péče v Česku, který je součástí širší série zdravotních profilů zemí v rámci iniciativy Stav zdraví v EU. Představuje stručnou analýzu zahrnující následující klíčové aspekty: současný zdravotní stav v Česku, determinanty zdraví se zaměřením na rizikové faktory chování, organizaci českého zdravotnického systému a hodnocení účinnosti, dostupnosti a odolnosti zdravotnického systému. Vydání pro rok 2023 navíc přináší tematickou část věnovanou stavu duševního zdraví a souvisejících služeb v Česku. Tento profil vznikl ve spolupráci OECD a Evropské observatoře zdravotnických systémů a politik ve spolupráci s Evropskou komisí.
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  • 106
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264710412 , 9789264489547 , 9789264940451
    Sprache: Lettisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Developing Effective Online Dispute Resolution in Latvia
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Latvia
    Kurzfassung: Šajā ziņojumā novērtēts strīdu izšķiršanas tiešsaistē (ODR) izmantojums Latvijā. Tajā aplūkoti valsts centieni modernizēt tieslietu sistēmu un attīstīt strīdu izšķiršanas mehānismus, noteiktas jomas, kurās nepieciešami uzlabojumi saskaņā ar ESAO ODR sistēmu, un sniegti ODR piemērošanas piemēri citās valstīs. Novērtējumu papildina ESAO ODR regulējuma piemērošana trīs īpašiem prasību veidiem - vienkāršotām un brīdinājuma procedūrām, kā arī ar patērētāju tiesībām saistītām prasībām. Tajā sniegti ieteikumi, kā sekmīgi īstenot ODR Latvijā un kopumā modernizēt tieslietu nozari, lai nodrošinātu labāku tiesu pieejamību visiem.
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  • 107
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264605626
    Sprache: Dänisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Denmark: Country Health Profile 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark
    Kurzfassung: Denne profil giver et kortfattet og politisk fokuseret overblik over sundhedstilstanden og sundhedssystemet i Danmark, som en del af den bredere serie af nationale sundhedsprofiler fra initiativet State of Health in the EU. Den præsenterer en kortfattet analyse, der omfatter følgende nøgleaspekter: den aktuelle sundhedstilstand i Danmark; sundhedsdeterminanterne med fokus på adfærdsmæssige risikofaktorer; organiseringen af det danske sundhedssystem; og en evaluering af sundhedssystemets effektivitet, tilgængelighed og modstandsdygtighed. Desuden præsenterer 2023-udgaven et tematisk afsnit om mental sundhed og tilknyttede tjenester i Danmark. Denne profil er udarbejdet i samarbejde mellem OECD og European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, i samarbejde med Europa-Kommissionen.
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  • 108
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264913097 , 9789264394872 , 9789264379046
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitswesen ; Finanzpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Finding sufficient funds to pay for more resilient health systems is challenging in the current economic context. COVID-19 has shown the need for additional targeted spending on public health interventions, the digital transformation of health systems, and bolstering the health workforce. Rising incomes, technological innovation and changing demographics put further upward pressure on health spending. This could result in health spending reaching 11.8% of GDP across OECD counties by 2040. This publication explores the policy options to finance more resilient health systems whilst maintaining fiscal sustainability. It finds that the scale of the additional health financing needs requires ambitious and transformative policy changes. Robust actions to encourage healthier populations and policies to reduce ineffective spending can put future health expenditure on a far gentler upward trajectory. These would enable spending to reach a more sustainable 10.6% of GDP in 2040. Better budgetary governance is critical. It improves how public funds for health are determined, executed and evaluated. Therefore, a focus of this report is on how good budgeting practices can increase the efficiency of current public spending, and also enable more ambitious policy changes in the medium to longer-term. Findings of this report are targeted at health and finance policy makers, with improved dialogue between health and finance ministries especially important when governments are operating in a constrained fiscal setting.
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  • 109
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264780781 , 9789264767607 , 9789264974531
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Competition Law and Policy Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana
    Schlagwort(e): Wettbewerbsrecht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Dominikanische Republik ; Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Kurzfassung: Peer reviews of competition law and policy are a valuable tool to reform and strengthen a country’s competition framework. This peer review of the Dominican Republic presents the evolution of its competition regime over the last few years and assesses the effectiveness of its current competition law and policy. It provides recommendations to help the Dominican Republic strengthen its competition regime and institutions, developed and discussed at the Peer Review examination carried out during the 2023 OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum.
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  • 110
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264365162 , 9789264789692 , 9789264610194
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe On Shaky Ground? Income Instability and Economic Insecurity in Europe
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Les mutations économiques et technologiques des dernières décennies ont rendu les perspectives économiques individuelles plus incertaines. Si les formes d’emploi atypiques et la transformation numérique ont ouvert le champ des possibles, elles ont aussi, comme les grands chocs économiques récents, exposé de nombreuses personnes à une fluctuation de leurs revenus, un phénomène désigné sous le nom « d’instabilité des revenus ». Dans la mesure où la situation professionnelle et personnelle des individus peut changer à plusieurs reprises au cours d’une même année, ce rapport s’appuie sur de nouvelles techniques pour déterminer les personnes les plus exposées à l’instabilité des revenus dans les pays européens de l’OCDE, et étudie les retombées de cette instabilité sur la vie quotidienne, la mobilité sociale et les inégalités. L’instabilité des revenus peut être difficile à gérer pour les personnes qui ne disposent pas des ressources financières nécessaires pour lisser leurs revenus. Dans ce rapport, les personnes qui sont à la fois exposées à l’instabilité des revenus et vulnérables dans ce contexte sont considérées en situation d’insécurité économique. L’insécurité économique touche principalement les personnes qui ont des liens ténus avec le marché du travail et celles qui ne sont pas en situation de profiter des avantages tirés de la transformation numérique. Les personnes exposées au risque d’insécurité économique sont plus susceptibles que les autres d’être inquiètes quant à la possibilité de perdre leur emploi et, comme en attestent d’autres recherches, de connaître des problèmes de santé, de souffrir d’insécurité alimentaire et d’obtenir de mauvais résultats en termes de développement dans l’enfance, autant de freins potentiels à la mobilité sociale. Enfin, le rapport passe en revue une panoplie de mesures conçues pour améliorer la réactivité des systèmes de protection sociale, de sorte à mieux soutenir les personnes aux revenus très instables ; il étudie en outre différentes pistes d’action pour aider les plus exposés au risque d’insécurité économique à se constituer des réserves financières.
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  • 111
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264362321
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Portugal: Country Health Profile 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: Este perfil providencia uma visão geral e concisa, centrada nas políticas, sobre o estado da saúde e o sistema de saúde portugueses, fazendo parte da série mais alargada de perfis de saúde nacionais da iniciativa “O Estado de Saúde na UE”. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise sucinta que engloba os seguintes aspectos fundamentais: o estado atual da saúde em Portugal; os determinantes da saúde, em particular os factores de risco comportamentais; a organização do sistema de saúde português; e uma avaliação da eficácia, acessibilidade e resiliência do sistema de saúde. Adicionalmente, a edição de 2023 apresenta uma secção temática sobre o estado da saúde mental e serviços associados em Portugal. Este perfil resulta da colaboração entre a OCDE e o Observatório Europeu dos Sistemas e Políticas de Saúde, em cooperação com a Comissão Europeia.
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  • 112
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264317017
    Sprache: Finnisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Finland: Country Health Profile 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: Tässä profiilissa esitetään tiivis ja politiikkaan keskittyvä yleiskatsaus Suomen terveydentilaan ja terveydenhuoltojärjestelmään osana laajempaa State of Health in the EU -aloitteen maakohtaisten terveysprofiilien sarjaa. Siinä esitetään tiivis analyysi, joka kattaa seuraavat keskeiset näkökohdat: Suomen nykyinen terveydentila, terveyden taustatekijät, erityisesti käyttäytymiseen liittyvät riskitekijät, Suomen terveydenhuoltojärjestelmän organisaatio sekä arviointi terveydenhuoltojärjestelmän tehokkuudesta, saatavuudesta ja joustavuudesta. Lisäksi vuoden 2023 painoksessa esitetään temaattinen osio mielenterveyden ja siihen liittyvien palvelujen tilasta Suomessa. Tämä profiili on OECD:n ja Euroopan terveydenhuoltojärjestelmien ja -politiikkojen seurantakeskuksen yhteistyössä Euroopan komission kanssa toteuttama yhteistyöhanke.
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  • 113
    ISBN: 9789264740976 , 9789264649675 , 9789264589469
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Kurzfassung: Los Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia son una herramienta valiosa para reformar y fortalecer el marco de competencia de un país. Este examen inter-pares de la República Dominicana presenta la evolución de su régimen de competencia en los últimos años y evalúa la eficacia de su actual legislación y política de competencia. El examen proporciona recomendaciones para ayudar a la República Dominicana a fortalecer su régimen de competencia y sus instituciones, desarrolladas y discutidas en el examen inter-pares llevado a cabo durante el Foro de Competencia de América Latina y el Caribe OCDE-BID 2023.
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  • 114
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264333956 , 9789264434745 , 9789264756182
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Les voies de développement
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Production Transformation Policy Review: Spotlight on Guadeloupe's Internationalisation
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Kurzfassung: Située dans la mer des Caraïbes, la Guadeloupe est un département français d'outre-mer et une région européenne ultrapériphérique. Dans la série des examens des politiques de transformation économique, ce rapport examine les opportunités et les défis de cette région qui cherche une voie de développement économique plus durable. Il identifie des actions prioritaires dans plusieurs domaines, notamment la bioéconomie et l'économie circulaire, les secteurs créatifs et les énergies renouvelables. Ce Gros plan enrichit notre compréhension de la diversité des voies de développement, y compris celles des petits États insulaires en développement (PEID). Il est le fruit d'un vaste processus d'examen par les pairs auquel ont participé des acteurs publics et privés de Colombie, des pays des Caraïbes et d'autres régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE.
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  • 115
    ISBN: 9789264336605 , 9789264914346 , 9789264376571
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: La Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) offre un marché aussi vaste que diversifié de plus de 400 millions d’habitants, richement doté en ressources naturelles, qui pourtant ne tire pas actuellement pleinement avantage de son potentiel en tant que destination de l’investissement international. Les afflux d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) dans la région ont diminué avec le temps, et n’ont pas toujours tenu leurs promesses en termes de promotion du développement durable. Le présent rapport pose un diagnostic de départ pour pouvoir amorcer une exploration des moyens de redynamiser l’effort de réforme des conditions d’investissement dans les pays de la CEDEAO, tout en améliorant les résultats produits par l’investissement sur le plan du développement durable. Il recense également les domaines dans lesquels le renforcement de la collaboration entre la CEDEAO et l’OCDE pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration des conditions d’investissement dans l’ensemble de la région. À partir du Cadre d’action de l’OCDE pour l’investissement et de la Boîte à outils des politiques relatives aux qualités de l’IDE, le rapport couvre le cadre réglementaire national qui sous-tend la législation nationale sur l’investissement et l’articulation entre ce cadre et les initiatives engagées au niveau régional, la promotion et la facilitation de l’investissement, les incitations à l’investissement, l’investissement pour une croissance verte, et enfin la conduite responsable des entreprises.
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  • 116
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
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  • 117
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
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  • 118
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 121 Seiten
    Serie: Dialectical anthropology 47.2023,1
    Serie: Dialectical anthropology
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  • 119
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/05
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Semiconductors are a critical input into a wide range of downstream industries, including the wider information communications technology industry, electronics and motor vehicles. Semiconductor shortages can have large adverse effects on output in these industries, with ripple effects on the broader economy, as highlighted by recent supply chain disruptions. This paper maps cross-country and cross-sectoral dependencies in the semiconductor value chain based on new OECD Inter-Country Input-Output data that allow to analyse the semiconductor industry separately from the wider computer and electronics value chain. It further discusses policy options to reduce the economic consequences of shocks to the semiconductor value chain while preserving the benefits of global sourcing.
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  • 120
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.214
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents a detailed economic modelling analysis of public finance in the transition towards carbon neutrality. It outlines results from a Net-Zero Emission Ambition scenario, which reflects the ambition to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions globally by mid-century, using a broad and region-specific policy package that combines various policy instruments: carbon pricing, removal of fossil fuel support, regulations in the power sector, and other policies that stimulate investments by firms and households to reduce and decarbonise energy use. The analysis relies on the OECD global computable general equilibrium ENV-Linkages model. Results show that transitioning towards carbon neutrality is feasible when considering economic and fiscal consequences. The scenario achieves carbon neutrality while maintaining continued economic growth, despite a limited negative impact on global GDP and on public revenues. The fiscal effects reflect a trade-off between instruments that increase public revenues (carbon pricing) or reduce public expenditures (fossil fuel subsidies removal), on the one hand, and more costly instruments (subsidies) and indirect effects (tax base erosion and changes in fiscal and economic structure) on the other hand.
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  • 121
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.295
    Schlagwort(e): Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Digitale Kompetenz ; Qualifikation ; Kolumbien ; Education
    Kurzfassung: Digitalisation places new demands on the early childhood education and care (ECEC) workforce to navigate the care and well-being of children in the digital age. This literature review examines frameworks for digital competencies (DC) in education, with a focus on ECEC, as well as variation in DC requirements for ECEC staff with different responsibilities. It explores strategies for a successful integration of DC in ECEC workforce development programmes. The review shows there has been limited research and policy support regarding the development of DC in ECEC and discusses the importance for the ECEC workforce to understand how digital technologies may be incorporated to their work, encompassing both technical aspects and responsible use, as well as the social and collaborative dimensions of professional development in this area. The review examines also how attitudes towards technology use with young children condition skills development in the sector.
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  • 122
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.293
    Schlagwort(e): Kreativität ; Qualifikation ; Studierende ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Kurzfassung: Developed as one of the resources within the context of the OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) project entitled “Fostering and assessing creativity and critical thinking skills in higher education”, this paper reviews existing policies and practices relating to the assessment of students’ creativity and critical thinking skills in higher education across OECD countries. Creativity and critical thinking are largely emphasised in policy orientations and qualification standards governing higher education in many countries. In contrast, these skills are sparsely integrated into the dimensions of centralised assessments administered at the level of systems. At the local level, because of the large degrees of institutional autonomy and academic freedom, there is little indication that policy orientations translate into actual transformation of assessment practices developed and implemented by faculty members. Based on this analysis, the paper provides recommendations for policy and decision makers in systems and institutions to further support the development and implementation of assessment strategies to measure and foster students’ creativity and critical thinking in higher education.
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  • 123
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.195
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: Improving the resilience of farmers against external shocks is a priority for policy makers. This paper measures the resilience of a sample of farmers in the United Kingdom to assess the impact of the 2011-12 drought on their productivity and income. The analysis allows for the distinction of four resilience capacities: to prepare; to absorb the immediate impact of the shock; to adapt farming practices to a new environment; and to transform the business model, and improve productivity and income in the longer term. Results show that a single farm rarely performs strongly across these four capacities, and that those farms that best absorb the impact of the drought, perform poorly in transforming their business after the shock. While size and diversification improve absorption and adaptation, innovation is a key driver of long-term resilience to keep the pace of productivity gains. In the past, policies on agricultural risk management focused on the absorption capacity of farms and on stabilising income. Forward-looking resilience policies today need to prioritise other capacities, in particular preparedness, adaptation and transformation.
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  • 124
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.40
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Industry and Services ; United Arab Emirates
    Kurzfassung: Strengthening the performance and economic contribution of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and start-ups is central to Abu Dhabi’s goal of creating a more diversified and competitive economy. This report provides an assessment of policies, programmes and regulations relating to MSME and start-up development in Abu Dhabi. The assessment is structured around six thematic areas: i) access to finance, ii) the availability of skills and capabilities, iii) access to markets, iv) the business environment, v) innovation and digitalisation, and vi) future opportunities for MSME and start-up development. For each thematic area, an analysis of existing issues, challenges and policy approaches is provided, in addition to policy recommendations and relevant examples of international policy practices. The report was prepared by the OECD Secretariat and external experts based on information gathered by the OECD in Abu Dhabi in the form of written documentation, questionnaire responses, stakeholder interviews and roundtable meetings as well as desk research on policy practices in other countries.
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  • 125
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1759
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Bulgaria
    Kurzfassung: The shrinking number of workers due to smaller young cohorts entering the labour market and large-scale outward migration are undermining Bulgaria’s growth prospects, the sustainability of its social institutions and society more widely. Bulgaria needs to provide more support for families and make staying in the country more attractive by raising productivity, fostering the creation of more good-quality formal jobs and reinforcing the social safety net. Bulgarian women have high activity rates, a high share in management jobs and a low wage gap with men, but all this translates into high opportunity costs for educated women of having children. Policies, including access to affordable quality childcare countrywide, more egalitarian burden sharing with men and greater incentives to get back to work, would help reduce those costs. Women from disadvantaged backgrounds should be offered a career path through upgrading skills and lifelong learning. Inactivity rates among the working age population should be addressed by reforms to the social welfare system that would improve activation and through targeted measures. Vulnerable groups, including ethnic minorities, are disadvantaged in multiple ways and need tailored measures to escape poverty, acquire skills and integrate into the labour market.
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  • 126
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.148
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: This report provides input to a national review of the public research funding system in Sweden. It is designed to inform a broader dialogue that is taking place amongst different research stakeholders in Sweden. The report contains proposals and options for changes for Swedish public funding of research and innovation to effectively promote research excellence, support innovation and respond to societal needs. These proposals are supported by relevant international examples. The analysis takes into account insights from the OECD review of innovation policy in Sweden in 2016 and recent OECD work on different aspects of public research funding and research infrastructure.
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  • 127
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2023/02
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Parties established the Mitigation Work Programme (MWP) at COP26 to ”urgently scale up mitigation ambition and implementation” to help reach the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. At COP27, Parties further fleshed out the MWP, which will be operationalised each year between 2023-2026 via at least two global dialogues, other dialogues and investment-focused events. This paper outlines key questions that could shape the aims, scope, focus, format, and participation in the dialogues, as well as the possible interplay between the MWP global dialogues and investment-focused events by drawing on experiences with other processes and events inside and outside the UNFCCC. This paper also provides lessons from examples in three sub-sectors where mitigation actions have been rapidly scaled up. This paper highlights several open questions related to the substance, process, and timing of the global dialogues and the investment-focused events, as well as potential linkages between these. The paper also discusses possible implications of different choices on these open questions. Decisions on the scope, format, and aims of the MWP dialogues will influence their impacts and the relevance of these dialogues to different countries and stakeholders. Yet, dialogues and events under the MWP will face trade-offs between concentrating on short- versus longer-term issues and outcomes and on choosing a broad or narrow focus. Such choices will impact how many countries the event or dialogue is relevant to. In addition, there are various ongoing initiatives and events outside the UNFCCC that are relevant to the aims of the MWP and that the MWP could usefully learn from. Careful mapping and co-ordination are needed to ensure that the MWP builds on, rather than duplicates, existing initiatives and events within and beyond the UNFCCC.
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  • 128
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264560642
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Statistische Methode ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: The world remains far off track to reach universal access to electricity by 2030 – a key target canonised in UN Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7). While many countries have set targets to advance universal electrification, it remains challenging to collect timely data on their progress, making it difficult to build or refine their electrification plans and policy strategies. To provide governments with the tools to achieve their goals, the Guidebook for Improved Electricity Access Statistics (hereafter “Guidebook”) focuses on methodologies using readily available supply-side data from electric utilities, mini-grid operators, and off-grid system distributors to track access to electricity trends. This approach can be adopted at a low-cost and provides accurate estimates on access rates with a potential time lag on the order of months, instead of years. Supply-side data complements household or census surveys, which can give a more nuanced, detailed picture, but are typically only run every five to ten years due to their expense. This report provides step-by-step guidelines on how to implement an improved supply-side data collection process, and produce more time-sensitive and comprehensive access to electricity indicators. In addition, the Guidebook proposes a standard method to capture mini-grids and stand-alone off-grid systems in calculating access to electricity, which are becoming increasingly more commonplace in strategies to reach universal access. Finally, the Guidebook suggests further steps practitioners can take to advance geospatial data collection and reporting, which has become the new best practice for electrification planning supporting both electric utilities and the vibrant off-grid industry.
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  • 129
    ISBN: 9789264809574
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Stahlindustrie ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Datenerhebung ; Klimaneutralität ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: The implementation phase for achieving a net zero steel industry will require robust methodologies for measuring emissions at the site- and product-level, together with data collection frameworks to facilitate comparison and track progress. An existing array of methodologies and frameworks for the steel industry provide a good starting point for efforts to achieve these outcomes, but much work remains to achieve interoperability, transparency and fitness for purpose for net zero. Following an evaluation of these existing methodologies and frameworks, this report provides “net zero principles” to guide potential next steps for their development and implementation, together with specific recommendations for G7 members. In the context of Japan’s G7 Presidency, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry requested the International Energy Agency (IEA) to examine the topic of Emissions Measurement and Data Collection for a Net Zero Steel Industry. This work complements that undertaken during Germany’s G7 Presidency in 2022 – Achieving Net Zero Heavy Industry Sectors in G7 Members – providing insights and direction for the G7 Industrial Decarbonisation Agenda with regard to tackling industrial emissions.
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  • 130
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264736450
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: IUCLID (International Uniform Chemical Information Database) is a software application designed to record, store, maintain and exchange data on chemicals. It is a key software application for both regulatory bodies and the chemical industry where it is used in the implementation of various regulatory programmes. IUCLID can be customised and configured to manage chemical data in different contexts and is a platform employing globally harmonised data elements pertinent to chemicals. It is continuously updated to provide greater customisation, extension and integration with other tools. This third edition provides the latest updates on IUCLID features and processes, including the use of PostgreSQL, an updated matrix view of the use of IUCLID in OECD countries, the new release schedule, and information on new tools to support the use of IUCLID (Data Uploader) and the IUCLID Customisation Forum.
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  • 131
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264439467
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Italien ; Energy ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: Since the last review in 2016, Italy has raised its climate ambitions by aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050, and the country is on track to reach its 2030 targets for emissions reductions and energy efficiency. The government has taken encouraging initial steps to overcome the long permitting procedures, administrative burdens and increasing local opposition that have delayed new renewable installations. Italy in 2022 successfully reduced its reliance on Russian natural gas imports, by signing new contracts with alternative suppliers, making use of the pipeline and LNG infrastructure that it has built up over the last decade. Reducing overall demand for natural gas through an accelerated shift to alternative energy sources and a stronger focus on energy efficiency, especially in the building sector, will not only further strengthen energy security, but also help the country meet its climate targets. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Italy effectively transform its energy sector in line with its goals.
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  • 132
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
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  • 133
    ISBN: 9789264402492 , 9789264655652 , 9789264601932
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (295 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Morocco
    Kurzfassung: Dans un contexte marqué par une succession de crises globales et par des défis transverses de long terme, le Maroc s’est engagé dans la modernisation de l’administration et le renforcement du cadre et des outils de gouvernance. Ces efforts s’inscrivent plus largement dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du Nouveau Modèle de Développement, document stratégique de référence et de long terme au Maroc qui érige la réforme de l’administration en levier prioritaire pour atteindre une croissance durable et inclusive. Cet Examen analyse plusieurs domaines de la gouvernance publique identifiés conjointement avec le Maroc et qui sont essentiels pour répondre à ces défis tels que le cadre de gouvernance et son adaptation au contexte actuel, le cadre budgétaire, la gestion de la fonction publique, l’intégrité publique et l’intégration des questions d’égalité femmes-hommes dans la gouvernance publique. Il fournit des recommandations concrètes pour moderniser l’administration publique, améliorer sa performance et lui donner les capacités de mener et d’appuyer les efforts de réformes actuels et la mise en œuvre des priorités du gouvernement afin d’atteindre les objectifs de développement du pays.
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  • 134
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    ISBN: 9789264806344 , 9789264792548 , 9789264498952
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Agriculture and Food Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Spanien ; Agriculture and Food ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: Spain has a dynamic and competitive agro-food sector. However, higher productivity has not always reduced environmental pressures. The agricultural innovation and knowledge system could play a key role in addressing the environmental challenges and improving the sector’s resilience. Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in Spain undertakes a thorough examination of the Spanish agro-food sector. It applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the country’s sustainable productivity performance and to identify the main challenges facing the sector. This report proposes a new policy approach, which puts innovation at the centre of a strategy to reconcile environmental performance and productivity growth. Its policy recommendations focus on actions to improve the agricultural knowledge and innovation system and make it more responsive to the most urgent environmental pressures. This requires strengthening the institutional and regulatory framework that supports agricultural innovation and creating incentives to tackle the impediments for a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
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  • 135
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264325692
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.)
    Serie: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Energiepolitik ; Griechenland ; Energy ; Greece
    Kurzfassung: Greece aims to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 and reach net zero emissions by 2050. It has made notable progress towards meeting these targets. This includes significantly reducing its reliance on lignite and setting a binding target to end lignite-fired power generation by 2028 while working to ensure a just transition in its lignite mining regions and reducing energy poverty. Greece has also made strong progress on renewable energy, which covered 20% of its total final energy consumption in 2021. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Greece is reducing its reliance on Russian energy imports and ensuring secure access to energy by diversifying its supply and increasing domestic energy production. Despite these notable successes, significant challenges remain. Fossil fuels still account for most of Greece’s energy use and stronger efforts are needed on energy efficiency. n this report, the IEA provides a range of energy policy recommendations to help Greece smoothly manage its transition to a secure, efficient and flexible carbon neutral energy system.
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  • 136
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264950467 , 9789264818279 , 9789264596221
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Казахстане
    Schlagwort(e): Frühindikator ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Privatwirtschaft ; Reform ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Kazakhstan
    Kurzfassung: The global push for more sustainable and less-carbon intensive economic models has increased the salience of Kazakhstan’s long-standing diversification agenda. That this agenda remains only partially fulfilled reflects a number of issues that affect the conditions for investment, innovation and entrepreneurship. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Kazakhstan, this report provides new insights into private-sector perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
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  • 137
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264357334 , 9789264851894 , 9789264651142
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Узбекистане
    Schlagwort(e): Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Uzbekistan
    Kurzfassung: Addressing barriers to private-sector development has been a long-standing ambition of the government of Uzbekistan, with an extensive programme of reforms that began in 2017 redoubling efforts to foster the growth of a more competitive and productive population of private-sector firms. Uzbekistan needs a more dynamic and innovative private sector if it is to meet the challenges and seize the opportunities of the green and digital transitions, which create a new impetus for accelerating these reforms. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Uzbekistan, this report provides new insights into their perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
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  • 138
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    ISBN: 9789264733046 , 9789264489981 , 9789264377912
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Emploi et gestion publics 2023 : Vers une fonction publique plus flexible
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlicher Dienst ; Personalmanagement ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Nonprofit-Management ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: This is the second edition of a regular publication on public employment and management issues. This edition explores the theme of flexibility in the public service workforce through the angles of workforce mobility, learning and development, and flexible working arrangements. It presents comparative data and analysis as well as country-specific case studies to help governments design and embed greater flexibility. This report also features a synthesis of the OECD review of public service leadership and capability in the Brazilian Federal Public Service. Taken together, the insights of this edition can help guide and shape flexible work practices for a high-performing public service.
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  • 139
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264920347 , 9789264857650 , 9789264868526
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: Protecting people, rather than specific jobs, plays a key role in promoting labour-market inclusiveness and dynamism. Effective unemployment benefits reduce inequality, and raise productivity by facilitating a good match between workers’ skills and job requirements. They are a crucial policy lever for adapting to the major societal, technological and environmental transitions of our time. This report is the first of a number of OECD country reviews of income support policies. Each report analyses key policy challenges, discusses recent reform initiatives, and identifies good practices from other OECD countries. This report on Korea focuses on avenues for strengthening benefit coverage, income security and re-employment in the context of a “dual” labour market with large parts of the workforce in short-duration, non-standard or informal employment. It welcomes Korea’s recent reforms towards more accessible jobseeker support, and points to priorities for additional policy action to make income and employment support more effective and inclusive.
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  • 140
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264483682 , 9789264965935 , 9789264893344
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Улучшение рамочных условий для цифровой трансформации бизнеса в Казахстане
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Kasachstan ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, Kazakhstan has developed a comprehensive digital government system and begun to create the legal and regulatory conditions for the digital transformation of the country’s economy. The digitalisation of the private sector requires further improvements in framework conditions, such as reliable access to broadband services, quality and affordability of networks, and digital security for businesses. Based on recent OECD work on digital framework conditions, this report examines the legal and operational environment that is holding back the digital transformation of private firms in Kazakhstan. The report suggests three sets of actions: (1) addressing the remaining Internet quality and connectivity gaps, notably by mobilising the regional public sector to improve the quality and density of networks, and by expanding the inclusion of the private sector in the policy-making process; (2) improving competition in, and the investment attractiveness of, the telecom sector by setting-up an independent national telecom regulator, and by developing a targeted investment attraction strategy to prepare for deployment of next-generation communication networks; and (3) adapting the regulatory and policy framework for firms adapting to new digital challenges and raising their awareness of digital security.
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  • 141
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    ISBN: 9789264916494 , 9789264725058 , 9789264673311
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Gleichberechtigung ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Kolumbien ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Colombia
    Kurzfassung: In recent decades, Colombia has pursued a strategy to encourage gender equality as an important enabler of inclusive growth and national well-being and to promote gender mainstreaming through institutions, policies and tools. This report assesses four main pillars of Colombia’s governance for gender equality, analysing strengths and identifying areas for further improvement. It examines strategic planning for gender equality policy, a whole-of-government approach to promoting gender equality policy, using government tools to achieve gender equality objectives, and an inclusive and gender-sensitive emergency preparedness framework. The report also provides examples of different approaches in OECD Member and Partner countries to closing gender equality gaps. Based on this analysis, the report proposes solutions to help Colombia strengthen gender mainstreaming and gender-sensitive policy making to promote sustainable, inclusive economic growth.
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  • 142
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264398559 , 9789264753327 , 9789264624269
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examen de la calidad de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en Chile : Impulsar el desarrollo sostenible y la diversificación
    Schlagwort(e): Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Chile ; Finance and Investment ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: This report provides policy recommendations on how to strengthen the economic, social and environmental benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI). It provides an extensive assessment on how FDI contributes to Chile’s economic diversification into sustainable and knowledge-intensive activities (e.g. green hydrogen, information technology), and also assesses the policy and regulatory framework influencing the impact of FDI on sustainable development in Chile.
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  • 143
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264647237 , 9789264569874 , 9789264425217
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Rechtsordnung ; Verfahrensrecht ; Kinder ; Kinderschutz ; Lettland ; Governance ; Latvia
    Kurzfassung: Latvia’s current National Development Plan, approved in 2020, sets out a clear vision for the Latvian justice system by 2027. This includes establishing international standards and good practices in the development of national policies to build a child-friendly justice system. This report assesses the benefits of implementing the Barnahus model in Latvia as a child-friendly and interagency one-stop shop to support children exposed to violence or abuse as well as those who have witnessed violence. It examines a whole-of-state approach to promote a justice system that is more people- and child-friendly, incorporating sound governance mechanisms. This report provides recommendations for delivering more targeted and accessible child-friendly justice services in Latvia, as well as different approaches used in OECD Member and partner countries to close justice inequality gaps.
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  • 144
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1753
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Produktivität ; Litauen ; Economics ; Lithuania
    Kurzfassung: Lithuania is digitalising its economy with visible success, but much scope remains for the integration of advanced technologies. The COVID-19 crisis confirmed the importance of digitalisation to sustain activity. Increased private investment in innovation is essential to speed up digitalisation. The take-up of R&D tax incentives is low, however, despite relatively generous provisions, and many smaller firms have not been inclined to innovate. More effective public support for business R&D and stronger research-business collaboration on innovation are important. There is also a need to promote digital uptake, especially among smaller firms that lag behind. Improving access to equity finance for young innovative firms, reducing remaining gaps in digital infrastructure, along with better information on digital tools and how to use them, can help smaller firms digitalise. The public sector too has to become more digitalised. Addressing weaknesses in foundational skills through education reforms and responding more effectively to labour market needs for digital skills would enable a wider adoption of advanced technologies and higher productivity growth, while ensuring that the digitalisation dividends are distributed fairly. Increased participation in adult learning, especially among the less educated, is the way forward to adapt to increased job automation in the digital era.
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  • 145
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quels sont les problèmes d’intégration que rencontrent les femmes réfugiées ukrainiennes ?
    Schlagwort(e): Flüchtlinge ; Frauen ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Soziale Integration ; Ukraine ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: From the onset of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, most refugee arrivals have been women and children, creating unique challenges for integration. The share of women among adult refugees is around 70% in most host countries and many have arrived with children, with the share of minors around 30%. Most OECD countries are supporting the socio-economic integration of Ukrainian refugee women through their pre-existing mainstream integration systems. Refugee integration policies have been, however, often created with different gender and educational profiles in mind, which may weaken outcomes in the longer term. There are some promising targeted measures available in OECD countries to support the socio-economic integration of Ukrainian refugee women. These include counselling, networking opportunities, training, and work placements, but also general community-building activities aimed at women.
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  • 146
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.292
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Climate change and natural disasters, the COVID-19 pandemic, and geopolitical shocks have increasingly disrupted school education around the world in recent years. Whether leading to school closures, school destructions or repeated interruptions in students’ learning experiences, these external shocks have translated into lost learning opportunities for students. In this context, education systems face heightened pressure to become ever more resilient, enhance the efficiency of public spending and address emerging learning gaps. This working paper highlights key education strategies for helping students catch up on lost learning opportunities and bridge learning gaps, based on a review of research and policy evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries. It examines a range of academic strategies to address learning gaps, including i) adapting instructional strategies and pedagogies to individual needs, ii) extending and adapting the time of instruction, and iii) providing curricular flexibility and enabling fluid learning pathways within the school system. It provides research evidence on the effectiveness of such strategies, together with examples of their large-scale implementation and cost-effectiveness considerations. While this paper presents programmes of general interest for all countries, a separate policy brief targets learning recovery strategies for students in Ukraine.
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  • 147
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungspolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Education ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: School destructions, population displacement or school closures mean that children in Ukraine have experienced varied disruptions in their education experience. Interventions that seek to reduce the variation in student learning levels need to accompany efforts to resume learning and deliver high-quality education for all. This brief puts the focus on academic interventions Ukraine could introduce to support learning recovery. It first examines strategies for assessing students’ skill levels and identifying potential learning losses in the current context. It then focuses on academic strategies the Ministry of Education can implement in the short and medium-term to help students recover lost learning opportunities, including adapting instructional strategies and pedagogies to individual needs, adapting the time of instruction, providing curricular flexibility and enabling fluid learning pathways within the school system. The brief concludes by putting forward a range of policy responses that can enhance the long-term effectiveness of learning recovery strategies in Ukraine.
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  • 148
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.213
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Kurzfassung: Colombia has prioritised the use of renewable energy to expand and improve electricity services for its population in zones non-interconnected to the national grid. Recent policies and regulations have supported this ambition with successive measures to strengthen investment conditions for distributed renewable energy, like standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions and hybrid solar PV mini-grids. Still, the distributed renewable energy market in non-interconnected zones is relatively immature, reflected by the high costs for connecting new users. New business and financing models will be critical to bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies, accessing private equity and debt in larger volumes, and ultimately progressing towards replacing existing inefficient and polluting diesel generation systems. Building on international experiences, this paper discusses approaches to strengthening investment conditions, looking at support mechanisms and de-risking instruments used elsewhere, which can help bridge the financing gap in Colombia.
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  • 149
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe What are the integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women?
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: Depuis le début de la guerre d’agression menée par la Russie contre l’Ukraine, la majorité des personnes réfugiées sont des femmes et des enfants. Cette situation pose des problèmes d’intégration d’une nature particulière. Dans la plupart des pays d’accueil, environ 70 % des réfugiés ukrainiens adultes sont des femmes et la plupart d’entre elles sont venues accompagnées de leurs enfants, dont environ 30 % sont mineurs. La plupart des pays de l’OCDE favorisent l’intégration socioéconomique des réfugiées ukrainiennes à l’aide de leurs systèmes existants d’intégration. Toutefois, les mesures d’intégration ont souvent été conçues en se basant sur des profils différents de compétences et une composition femmes/hommes différente des flux de réfugiés, et risquent donc d'affaiblir les résultats à long terme. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, certaines mesures ciblées prometteuses ont été mises en place pour favoriser l’intégration socioéconomique des réfugiées ukrainiennes. Ces mesures comprennent des services de conseil, des possibilités de travail en réseau, des formations et des stages, ainsi que des activités d'entraide à l'échelon local destinées aux femmes.
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  • 150
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.41
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Einzelhandel ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Digitalisation has triggered a profound transformation of the retail sector, primarily composed of SMEs. While retail businesses are embracing more hybrid practices of managing online and brick-and-mortar channels, getting more traditional SME retailers fit for the hybrid era could open up new opportunities, with far reaching implications on the local economy. Through a novel survey conducted in six OECD countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Spain) in co-operation with e-commerce platforms, this report provides new insights to better understand retail SMEs’ perceived advantages and challenges of operating online sales through these platforms, with a particular spotlight on hybrid SME retailers.
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  • 151
    ISBN: 9789264675650
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Erdölindustrie ; Gaswirtschaft ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: Today, oil and gas operations account for around 15% of total energy-related emissions globally, the equivalent of 5.1 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. In the International Energy Agency’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, the emissions intensity of these activities falls by 50% by the end of the decade. Combined with the reductions in oil and gas consumption in this scenario, this results in a 60% reduction in emissions from oil and gas operations to 2030. Fortunately, oil and gas producers have a clear opportunity to address the problem of emissions from their activities through a series of ready-to-implement and cost-effective measures. These include tackling methane emissions, eliminating all non-emergency flaring, electrifying upstream facilities with low-emissions electricity, equipping oil and gas processes with carbon capture, utilisation and storage technologies, and expanding the use of hydrogen from low-emissions electrolysis in refineries. Upfront investments totalling USD 600 billion would be required to halve the emissions intensity of oil and gas operations globally by 2030. This is only a fraction of the record windfall income that oil and gas producers accrued in 2022 – a year of soaring energy prices amid a global energy crisis. This report aims to inform discussions on these issues in the run-up to the COP28 Climate Change Conference in Dubai in November and is part of a broader World Energy Outlook special report to be released later in 2023 focusing on the role of the oil and gas industry in net zero transitions.
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  • 152
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264474857 , 9789264849112 , 9789264719798
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Lohnfortzahlung ; Behindertenpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: Many people with health problems or disabilities leave the labour market permanently even if they still can and want to work. This can lead to low income and reduced social engagement. Governments and employers can help create an environment that supports job retention and a return to work in such situations. This report looks at one critical policy lever: the role of paid sick leave and sickness benefits in protecting workers’ health, jobs and incomes. Korea is among the very few OECD countries without statutory social protection for sick workers and is currently considering closing this gap in its welfare system. This report provides an overview of key features of sickness insurance systems in OECD countries and draws policy lessons for Korea to introduce equitable and adequate social protection for sick workers with a robust return-to-work component and financially sustainable payments that encourage employer involvement.
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  • 153
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264384033
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: This Glossary defines concepts and terms commonly used in evaluation and results-based management. It provides a shared understanding to support the design, management, monitoring and evaluation of interventions for sustainable development. As a reference document, it is helpful for those commissioning, managing, or conducting evaluations, as well as people involved in strategy or programme development, management and implementation. While originally developed for international development co-operation, the Glossary can be applied in any field of public policy and is also useful for civil society, academia, and other non-state actors. This second edition includes updated content, including new definitions for the widely used evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – endorsed by the OECD Development Assistance Committee in 2019. It also provides minor updates to the original text to reflect current good practice. As concepts and language are constantly evolving, the document will be revisited and updated in due course. This publication also includes a Spanish translation "Glosario de términos clave en evaluación y gestión basada en resultados para el desarrollo durable (Segunda edición)".
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  • 154
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.62
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: The use of tax incentives that provide preferential tax treatment to the incomes arising from research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, such as intellectual property regimes, has accelerated over the last two decades. The globalisation of R&D together with the greater mobility of intangible income may have contributed to the rise in such incentives to attract and retain R&D and innovation activity while preventing the transfer of taxable base to other countries. This paper documents the changes to the availability and design of income-based tax incentives from 2000 onwards for 48 countries, including all OECD countries and EU countries. Building on this, the paper analyses trends in the generosity of income-based tax support over time by building indicators of effective tax rates that can provide insights into the impact of Action 5 of the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project.
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  • 155
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264703315 , 9789264929364 , 9789264583337
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD-Umweltprüfberichte
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Germany 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: Die Umweltergebnisse haben sich in Deutschland in den vergangenen zehn Jahren weiter verbessert. Das Land verfolgt ehrgeizige Klimaziele, um bis 2045 Klimaneutralität und nach 2050 Negativemissionen zu erreichen. Dennoch muss Deutschland seine Klimamaßnahmen vor allem im Gebäude- und im Verkehrssektor weiter beschleunigen und sich ganzheitlich mit der Energie-, Klima- und Biodiversitätskrise auseinandersetzen. Als Reaktion auf die Energiekrise wurde eine Reihe von Maßnahmen ergriffen, deren Größenordnung und Reichweite historisch sind. Diese dürften die Energiewende in den kommenden Jahren deutlich schneller voranbringen. Außerdem verstärkt Deutschland sein Engagement in der Klimaanpassung auf allen staatlichen Ebenen und hat ein ehrgeiziges Förderprogramm für Investitionen in naturbasierte Lösungen aufgelegt. Dies ist die vierte Ausgabe des OECD-Umweltprüfberichts Deutschland. Er enthält 28 Empfehlungen, die Deutschland helfen sollen, seine Umweltergebnisse weiter zu verbessern.
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  • 156
    ISBN: 9789264419179
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Energieeinsparung ; Energiepolitik ; Lateinamerika ; Energy
    Kurzfassung: Countries around the world are facing an energy security and affordability crisis affecting households, businesses and public budgets. In Latin America, household expenditure on energy services is second only to food. On average, the share of household budget for energy ranges between 7% and 9% of income – and up to more than 24% for the poorest households. As governments urgently implement measures to protect citizens and secure their economies, it is important to consider short- and long- term solutions to ease existing pain and reduce risks over time. While much attention focuses on securing energy supplies, it is equally important to take a hard look at the role of more efficient and flexible demand in securing affordable, reliable energy.Decades of policies and programmes have delivered energy savings around the world. As a result, energy systems are more resilient, bills are lower, and public budgets feel less pressure than they would have without these efforts. This report looks at energy efficiency and demand management policies and programmes across Latin America. It presents evidence of the results of these efforts on improving living standards, public budgets, energy security and employment, and provides a view on the opportunities to expand these benefits and support just energy transitions.
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  • 157
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264351011 , 9789264750920 , 9789264505490
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Развитие цифровых навыков с целью повышения конкурентоспособности частного сектора в Узбекистане
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Qualifikation ; Privatwirtschaft ; Usbekistan ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Since 2019, digital transformation has been a clear policy priority in Uzbekistan. While the country has made significant progress in terms of Internet access, quality and affordability, digital uptake among firms remains low. This lack of digital skills seems to be a limiting factor affecting the digital transformation of business. Based on recent OECD work on digitalisation, this report examines what is holding back the digital upskilling of businesses in Uzbekistan. It suggests three sets of policy actions: (1) developing a supportive institutional framework for the digital uptake of firms; (2) raising firms’ awareness of the importance of acquiring digital and complementary skills; and (3) expanding existing support to digitalise while addressing the gender digital divide.
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  • 158
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.275
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: New empirical evidence and analysis of provisions in regional trade agreements help bring clarity to debates on the potential scope, definition and impact of the WTO e-commerce Moratorium. OECD analysis demonstrates that the potential fiscal revenue implications of the Moratorium are small, amounting to, on average, 0.68% of total customs revenue or 0.1% of total government revenue. Well-designed value added or goods and services taxes (VAT/GST) can help offset potential foregone revenue in most countries. Failure to renew the Moratorium would result in greater policy uncertainty and less trade, and tariffs on electronic transmissions would reduce domestic competitiveness. Adverse effects would be most pronounced for low-income countries and smaller firms. Overall, evidence demonstrates that there is a strong case for the Moratorium to be renewed.
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  • 159
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264596863 , 9789264665897 , 9789264369009
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Umweltprüfberichte: Deutschland 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Deutschland ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: Germany has continued to improve its environmental performance over the past decade. It has ambitious climate targets with the aim to reach climate neutrality by 2045 and achieve negative emissions after 2050. Nevertheless, Germany will need to further accelerate climate action, particularly in the buildings and transport sectors, and address the triple crisis of energy, climate and biodiversity in an integrated and holistic manner. As part of its energy crisis response, Germany has taken a series of measures, which are historic in size and scope. They are set to massively accelerate its green energy transition in the coming years. It is also scaling up its engagement on climate change adaptation across all government levels and has initiated an ambitious programme to foster investments in nature-based solutions. This is the fourth OECD Environmental Performance Review of Germany. It provides 28 recommendations to help Germany further improve its environmental performance.
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  • 160
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.57
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Kurzfassung: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic acceleration in the diffusion of remote work. This paper contributes to understanding the phenomenon by offering the first systematic exploration of the uneven diffusion of remote jobs across Europe. Using a combination of rich individual micro-data from the European Union Labour Force Survey and regional-level characteristics, the analysis makes three contributions. First, it provides a systematic approach to measure remote work across 30 European countries. Second, it shows that cities and capital regions adapted faster to remote work than other areas of the continent. Third, it identifies and tests what factors are associated with telework uptake during the pandemic. Results show that the uneven diffusion of remote work is primarily explained by composition effects, i.e., because cities hosted more workers in occupations and sectors more amenable to working remotely.
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  • 161
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.271
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides evidence on the “when, how and where” of the effects of service trade policy reforms, discussing short-term impacts on services trade as well as on the performance of downstream manufacturing industries. A combination of novel methodological approaches is used to be able to track impacts over time and along the supply chain. The OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index serves as the measure for trade policy reform. Results show that reducing policy barriers to services trade can increase services imports already in the short run, and that benefits continue to grow over time. The impact of services trade reforms may still vary significantly depending on the nature of the policy change, the economic context, and the targeted mode of services supply. Finally, services trade reforms can have sizeable spillover effects on the productivity of manufacturing sectors that use services as intermediate inputs.
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  • 162
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.353
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report uses business consultations to investigate private-sector views on privacy and data protection rules for cross-border data flows. It aims to inform a more comprehensive understanding of challenges and ways forward for the policy agenda of ‘data free flow with trust’. While frameworks aimed at generating trust and facilitating data flows build on commonalities and elements of convergence, businesses identify challenges to fully operationalise them at the global level. In particular, businesses indicate the need for coherent principles and rules that are transparent and predictable, provide a practical balance between certainty and flexibility, and offer solutions that match business realities. Finally, the report highlights the need for greater international regulatory co-operation and leveraging the full range of options to uphold trust around privacy and data protection globally.
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  • 163
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.215
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: While fertility decline is a global phenomenon that has many causes, part of it can be explained by exposure to substances linked to reproductive toxicity that are produced and lead to human exposure through the environment and products. Authorities face challenges in regulating reprotoxic substances through actions such as bans and prohibitions, because of the difficulty in explicitly considering the economic benefits and costs of such regulations. Moreover, economic studies that show the value of reducing infertility caused by chemical exposure are not yet available. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to reduce the risk of infertility, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE infertility survey was fielded in 10 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
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  • 164
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.198
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Extreme weather events can disrupt agricultural markets, but agricultural trade can help address subsequent food security concerns. Using the Aglink-Cosimo model, this stochastic scenario analysis sheds light on the complex relationships between trade and food security in an environment where extreme weather events create uncertainty. The analysis suggests that trade integration makes countries less vulnerable to negative yield shocks by mitigating the risk of extreme food prices and by stabilising food availability. Although no model can capture the complex process and consequences of opening this sector to trade, it is clear that trade integration needs to be part of a wider coherent policy package to improve food security.
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  • 165
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264594296 , 9789264345478 , 9789264689268
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Budgeting in OECD Countries 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport donne un aperçu des pratiques de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays de l'OCDE, sur la base de l'enquête de 2022 de l'OCDE sur la budgétisation sensible au genre ainsi que sur les éléments recueillis dans le cadre des enquêtes précédentes menées en 2016 et 2018. Il fait le point sur les progrès réalisés par les pays dans l'élaboration d'une approche efficace et durable de la budgétisation sensible au genre et examine les défis et les projets pour la poursuite du développement de la budgétisation sensible au genre. Des études de cas par pays mettent en lumière la budgétisation sensible au genre dans la pratique. Le rapport présente également l'indice 2022 de l'OCDE sur la budgétisation sensible au genre, qui compare la mise en œuvre de la budgétisation sensible au genre dans cinq domaines clés : 1) les dispositifs institutionnels et stratégiques ; 2) les méthodes et outils ; 3) l'environnement propice ; 4) la redevabilité et la transparence ; et 5) l'impact.
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  • 166
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264891562 , 9789264697829 , 9789264909731
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Governance-Ansatz ; Good Governance ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Schweden ; Governance ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: This OECD Public Governance Monitor (PGM) provides a concise analysis of Sweden’s public governance system, instruments and capabilities, and helps identify areas of opportunities for public governance reforms. The report provides an overview of public administration in Sweden looking at public governance mechanisms around six key themes: public sector effectiveness, spending, citizen participation, the governance of climate change and other cross-cutting priorities, digital transformation, and public integrity. The report suggests several priorities for reforms to improve public sector effectiveness, increase the impact of participatory mechanisms, reinforce the governance of cross-cutting topics, strengthen the steering of digital government policy and take a more holistic approach to public sector integrity, in particular by revising the national anti-corruption plan.
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  • 167
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264273498 , 9789264665484 , 9789264580060
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; USA ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; United States ; Amtliche Publikation
    Kurzfassung: The United States, the world’s largest economy, has made progress in reducing several environmental pressures while maintaining one of the highest Gross Domestic Products per capita in the world. It has decoupled emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, water abstractions and domestic material consumption from economic and population growth. However, high consumption levels, intensive agricultural practices, climate change and urban sprawl continue to put pressure on the natural environment. Despite the recent acceleration of action to address climate change, further efforts are needed to achieve the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The United States is also among the major contributors to marine litter with serious consequences for communities and the environment. The review provides 30 recommendations to help the United States improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on marine litter and a cross-cutting focus on environmental justice. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the United States. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
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  • 168
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; Menschenrechte ; Gleichberechtigung ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Development
    Kurzfassung: This publication responds to the need for practical guidance for evaluators, evaluation managers, and programme staff to incorporate a human rights and gender equality lens into the six OECD evaluation criteria: relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability. It aims to support evaluators and evaluation managers in the design, management and delivery of credible and useful evaluations that assess whether and how interventions contribute to realising human rights and gender equality – both, interventions with explicit human rights related objectives and those without. It also provides broader guidance to programme staff in applying the six criteria with a human rights and gender equality lens at the outset of an intervention and addresses the main considerations and challenges in doing so.
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  • 169
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264729100 , 9789264702035 , 9789264942424
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Joining Forces for Gender Equality: What is Holding us Back?
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Des inégalités sociales et économiques persistent entre les genres dans les pays de l’OCDE. Les femmes jeunes atteignent souvent un niveau d’études supérieur à celui de leurs homologues masculins, mais restent sous-représentées dans les secteurs offrant les rémunérations les plus élevées. Les femmes consacrent plus de temps au travail non rémunéré, sont fortement pénalisées lorsqu’elles ont des enfants, se heurtent à des obstacles en matière d’entrepreneuriat, et ont globalement de moins bons résultats sur le marché du travail. Elles sont aussi sous-représentées en politique et aux postes de direction dans le secteur public. On retrouve ces caractéristiques dans de nombreux domaines d’action et secteurs économiques (du commerce international à l’aide au développement en passant par l’énergie et l’environnement) où les questions de genre sont peu prises en compte dans l’action publique. La violence à l’encontre des femmes, expression la plus abominable des inégalités entre les genres, reste un enjeu de portée mondiale. Cette publication analyse les évolutions et les mesures en faveur de l’égalité des genres, comme la prise en compte de la dimension du genre dans les politiques et les budgets, les réformes visant à accroître la participation des pères aux congés parentaux et à la garde des enfants, les initiatives en faveur de la transparence salariale pour lutter contre les inégalités de rémunération entre les genres, ou les systèmes de lutte contre les violences basées sur le genre. Elle vise à élargir la vision de l’égalité entre les genres, afin d’inclure l’investissement direct étranger, l’énergie nucléaire et les transports. Faire progresser l’égalité entre les genres n’est pas seulement un impératif moral : en cette période marquée par un vieillissement démographique rapide, des taux de fécondité en berne et des crises qui se multiplient, les actions dans ce domaine contribueront à favoriser une croissance économique et une cohésion sociale plus respectueuses de l’égalité des genres à l’avenir. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1 intitulé Mettre l’égalité des genres au cœur de toutes les politiques publiques, qui est le chapitre de synthèse.
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  • 170
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.117
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: Over half of Korea's population lives in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. This report looks at how the region's transport system and land uses serve different socio-economic groups and offers insights for reducing inequalities in access. Are services and opportunities equally accessible to all residents of the Seoul Metropolitan Area? Which factors influence accessibility gaps? How can transport planning and decision making take into account accessibility and equity considerations?tr
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  • 171
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe The economics of medication safety: Improving medication safety through collective, real-time learning
    Schlagwort(e): Arzneimittel ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Sicherheit ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Durch ungeeignete Arzneimitteltherapien und inadäquate Systeminfrastrukturen, die unzureichende Adhärenz, medikationsbedingte Schäden und Medikationsfehler nach sich ziehen, kommen nur allzu oft Patient*innen zu Schaden. Im OECD-Raum ist möglicherweise ein Zehntel der Krankenhauseinweisungen auf medikationsbedingte Ereignisse zurückzuführen, und bei einem Fünftel der stationär behandelten Patient*innen treten während des Krankenhausaufenthalts medikationsbedingte Schädigungen auf. Die Kosten der vermeidbaren, auf medikationsbedingte Ereignisse zurückzuführenden Hospitalisierungen sowie der längeren Krankenhausaufenthalte aufgrund von vermeidbaren, im Krankenhaus auftretenden medikationsbedingten Schäden belaufen sich im OECD-Raum insgesamt auf mehr als 54 Mrd. USD. Der vorliegende Bericht umfasst vier Teile. Im ersten Teil werden die menschlichen und wirtschaftlichen Kosten medikationsbedingter sicherheitsrelevanter Ereignisse im OECD-Raum untersucht. Der zweite Teil beschreibt Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Verordnungspraxis, der dritte Teil befasst sich mit den neusten Systemen und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit und im vierten Teil folgen Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit auf nationaler Ebene.
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  • 172
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Regional Development Papers no.55
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
    Kurzfassung: This policy paper analyses the role of Korean rural regions in the country's transition to carbon neutrality by 2050, drawing on a conference organised by the OECD in collaboration with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MOLIT) of Korea. The report outlines the emissions profile of Korea's rural regions, compares them with other OECD countries and takes a deep dive on the three most emitting sectors: power generation, manufacturing, and transport. The paper then describes Korea's action plan to reach carbon neutrality. It discusses the just transition challenges in rural regions, highlighting employment risks and opportunities.
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  • 173
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.80
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: During the last decade, several OECD countries have been supporting citizen engagement in policy making to better respond to increasingly volatile environments and complex problems. Ireland has a strong tradition and culture of partnership models and stakeholder engagement in education policy making. However, a desire to explore new opportunities for school community engagement and how they could support existing national consultation processes contributed to the exploration of alternative forms of stakeholder engagement in education. This has prompted the Teaching Council in collaboration with a range of Government Departments and national stakeholders, to request assistance from the European Commission's Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support (DG REFORM) for the project "Support to improve local community engagement in Ireland's education policy development". Drawing from international examples, existing stakeholder engagement practices in Ireland, the contributions of a wide range of education stakeholders and a pilot exercise, this report proposes a model and roadmap for exploring the potential of school community engagement to further support policy making across the Irish education system.
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  • 174
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Development Policy Papers no.46
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Kurzfassung: This paper shows that climate-related forced displacement is insufficiently addressed in two fundamental commitments made towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) between 2015 and 2023: National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It describes the important role NAPs and NDCs play in prioritising the tackling of certain aspects of climate change adaptation, identifies gaps on forced displacement, and proposes ways of adding it among their policy objectives, and of mobilising finance to reach them.
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  • 175
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.301
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Child empowerment is on the policy agenda of education systems around the world, in particular since the increasing emphasis in policy and research discourse on supporting children's participation rights. A large body of literature suggests that child participation in making decisions on matters that affect them is not only essential from a child rights perspective, but also that it is associated with several positive outcomes from the individual to societal level. In OECD countries there are many domains in which children can and do actively participate in making decisions, including regarding their education. This paper explores how and where children can participate in decision making, with a focus on policies and practices in OECD education systems. It outlines key considerations for child participation, including barriers that many systems are struggling to overcome.
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  • 176
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.223
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Climate change mitigation scenarios are a key forward-looking input for a range of financial sector analyses and assessments. The inaccurate use of mitigation scenarios can, however, contribute to unintended incentives, environmental integrity concerns, and greenwashing risks. This paper aims to inform climate change mitigation scenario providers, financial sector participants and stakeholders, and climate policymakers on how they may contribute to improved use of scenarios for the purposes of target setting and alignment assessments in the financial sector. To do so, the paper analyses climate change mitigation scenarios currently used for these purposes, based on the following analytical dimensions: consistency with the Paris Agreement, practicality, and underlying assumptions.
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  • 177
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264572225 , 9789264361850 , 9789264433472
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Rural Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Ländliche Industrie ; Slowenien ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Frankreich ; Ländlicher Raum ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: The Future of Rural Manufacturing provides insights on the transformations that have occurred in manufacturing across rural regions in recent decades. It describes opportunities and challenges in this context, highlighting those relating to climate and demographic change and digitalisation, as well as shifting patterns in globalisation. With support from the European Commission, the project combines a wide range of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The former examines broad trends in manufacturing performance across OECD rural (TL3) regions between 2000 and 2019, with deeper dives that draw on more granular microdata in 14 OECD countries. Case studies were conducted across 12 regions in Slovenia, Germany, Italy, and France. They comprised interviews with over 300 local, regional, and national actors across government, private sector, universities, research institutes, NGOs and non-profit community organisations. The project also benefited from foresight and futures workshops conducted in January and July 2022 with experts and policymakers across OECD countries.
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  • 178
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264873568 , 9789264347915 , 9789264941090
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (382 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Antibiotika ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; EWR-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the ability of microbes to resist antimicrobials – remains an alarming global health threat. This is despite the efforts made by OECD and EU/EEA countries to curtail it. Unless additional effective interventions are scaled up quickly, AMR rates are forecasted to increase in the next three decades across OECD and EU/EEA countries, with costs exceeding the healthcare expenditure on the COVID-19 pandemic. Using microsimulation and machine-learning techniques, this report analyses critical policy levers to inform the next generation of AMR initiatives. It shows that tackling the detrimental health and economic impact of AMR requires embracing a One Health framework – a collaborative, trans-disciplinary and multi-sectoral approach that promotes close co-operation and collaboration across human health, animal health, agrifood systems and the environment. This report identifies 11 One Health "best buys" that, if implemented systematically, would improve population health, reduce health expenditure and generate positive returns for the economy.
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  • 179
    ISBN: 9789264924963 , 9789264759527 , 9789264399822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (227 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Malta
    Kurzfassung: This report provides concrete recommendations for strengthening the legislative and institutional framework for elected and appointed officials in Malta. It reviews the institutional and procedural set-up of the Commissioner for Standards in Public Life and analyses the omissions, inconsistencies and overlaps in the Standards in Public Life Act. It also provides recommendations to the Government of Malta on developing the most feasible lobbying regulation, and identifies concrete measures to strengthen the existing codes of ethics for elected and appointed officials, as well as the system of asset and interest declarations.
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  • 180
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.159
    Schlagwort(e): Patienten ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Selbsthilfe ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Patients' and citizens' perspectives and their active engagement are critical to make health systems safer and people-centred, and are key for co-designing health services and co-producing good health with healthcare professionals, and building trust in health systems. Patients, families, caregivers and citizens can contribute towards improving patient safety at all levels from clinical, local, institutional (e.g. hospital , nursing home), community (e.g. primary care, home care) and national levels of healthcare systems. This report, the sixth in the series on the Economics of Patient Safety, covers: (i) the economic impact of patient engagement for patient safety; (ii) the results of a pilot data collection to measure patient-reported experiences of safety and; (iii) the status of initiatives on patient engagement for patient safety taken in 21 countries, which responded to a snapshot survey. It also provides recommendations for countries to enhance patient engagement for patient safety.
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  • 181
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.358
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationsnetz ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Sicherheit ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The digital security of communication networks is crucial to the functioning of our societies. Four trends are shaping networks, raising digital security implications: i) the increasing criticality of communication networks, ii) increased virtualisation of networks and use of cloud services, iii) a shift towards more openness in networks and iv) the role of artificial intelligence in networks. These trends bring benefits and challenges to digital security. While digital security ultimately depends on the decisions made by private actors (e.g. network operators and their suppliers), the report underlines the role governments can play to enhance the digital security of communication networks. It outlines key policy objectives and actions governments can take to incentivise the adoption of best practices and support stakeholders to reach an optimal level of digital security, ranging from light-touch to more interventionist approaches.
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  • 182
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.357
    Schlagwort(e): Kinderschutz ; Sexuelle Belästigung ; Kriminalitätsbekämpfung ; Digitale Plattform ; Prävention ; Transparenz ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an overview of the policies and procedures for addressing child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) material across the global top-50 online content-sharing services. It finds that only 10 of the 50 services define CSEA with sufficient detail to understand what is prohibited on their services, and only 20 of the services issue a transparency report on CSEA. Even among those services, there are significant variations in what behaviour is captured in their definitions, and the metrics, methodology and frequency of transparency reports differ across platforms. While good practices exist, the report reveals a fragmented response to this complex and evolving problem, which limits comparability and makes it challenging to conduct a thorough assessment of the overall impact of platforms' efforts to combat CSEA.
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  • 183
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.63
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This working paper discusses strategic foresight initiatives and methodologies that support decision making and process design. It highlights case studies, international benchmarks, and best practices, as well as methodological recommendations and options for promoting the adoption and use of strategic foresight in government. The paper has four sections, each centred on a critical action to improve decision making through strategic foresight: (i) framing strategic foresight, (ii) building its fundamental components in governments, (iii) fine-tuning foresight interventions to specific contexts, and (iv) undertaking concrete activities to solve specific policy challenges. Given its exploratory nature, this working paper and its proposals should be seen as contributing to ongoing debates about the use of strategic foresight for decision making in government. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to help governments become more proactive and prospective.
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  • 184
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.35
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Investition ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung ; Irland ; Environment ; Governance ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: Infrastructure is an essential consideration when it comes to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. It plays a pivotal role in achieving climate neutrality and resilience but is also susceptible to certain risks. As infrastructure has a long lifespan, it is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change over time. Poor planning and management of infrastructure assets can also increase dependency on fossil fuels and lock in climate risks. It is thus important that infrastructure is implemented in a way that helps address environmental and climate challenges. Developing effective strategies to meet environmental and climate objectives is one of the main priorities of the Irish Government. Project Ireland 2040 offers a unique opportunity to ensure that infrastructure investments support climate mitigation and adaptation efforts. Building on this impetus, the OECD has provided technical support to the Irish Government to strengthen climate and environmental considerations in its public infrastructure decision making process. This policy paper sets out a detailed overview of infrastructure planning, project appraisal and budgeting practice in Ireland, and identifies challenges and opportunities for environmental and climate considerations.
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  • 185
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.17
    Schlagwort(e): Lebensqualität ; Zufriedenheit ; Messung ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: In the ten years since the OECD published its 2013 Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, the inclusion of evaluative, affective and eudaimonic indicators in national measurement frameworks and household surveys has grown. Country practice has converged around a standard measure of life satisfaction, however affective and eudaimonic measures remain less harmonised. This working paper combines findings from a stock take of OECD member state uptake of Guidelines recommendations with advances in the academic evidence base to highlight three focal areas for future work. Looking ahead, the OECD should prioritise (i) revisiting recommendations on affective indicators, particularly in light of recent OECD recommendations on measuring mental health; (ii) reviewing progress towards operationalising measures of eudaimonia; and (iii) creating new extended modules to measure the subjective well-being of children, to deepen advice on domain-specific life evaluation measures, and to further develop more globally inclusive measures, drawing on (for example) concepts of subjective well-being developed in Indigenous contexts and beyond western European/North American research literatures.
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  • 186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.205
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores food supply chain resilience and its connection to resilience of food systems more broadly. In terms of availability and affordability, food supply chains have been resilient to a wide range of shocks. Trade plays an important risk pooling role in allowing countries to draw on international markets in the face of domestic shocks. Some domestic policies have helped absorb supply chain shocks, for example support to low-income households or the removal of supply chain bottlenecks. Other measures like export restrictions exacerbate instability. The concept of food systems resilience goes further than availability and affordability of food. It includes broader objectives (like livelihoods and environmental sustainability), and must also anticipate a broader range of shocks, as well as the pressures generated by food systems themselves on the environment. Policy makers should therefore take a more complete systems-wide view of resilience.
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  • 187
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Notes ouest-africaines no.39
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Healthy diets, costs and food policies in the Sahel and West Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Kurzfassung: La région du Sahel et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest est confrontée à une grave crise de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle : des taux de dénutrition sévère élevés y côtoient une forte prévalence des carences nutritionnelles et de la suralimentation – le « triple fardeau de la malnutrition ». À l'origine de toutes les formes de malnutrition ainsi que de diverses maladies non transmissibles courantes, la mauvaise alimentation est responsable d'environ un décès d'adulte sur cinq dans le monde. Le coût élevé des aliments constitue un obstacle majeur à l'accès à une alimentation saine. Même avant la récente inflation des prix alimentaires mondiaux, les prix alimentaires étaient déjà 30 % à 40 % plus élevés en Afrique de l'Ouest que dans d'autres régions du monde au niveau de revenu comparable. Cette note se propose d'analyser le coût d'une alimentation saine dans 17 pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Sahel et d'identifier les groupes d'aliments qui composent ce coût. La forte variabilité des coûts et de leur composition observée entre les pays souligne la nécessité de politiques alimentaires plus ciblées et sensibles à la nutrition, mais aussi de données sur les prix alimentaires et de capacités de suivi renforcées.
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  • 188
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Policy Perspectives no.79
    Schlagwort(e): Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Moldawien ; Education ; Moldova, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: The Republic of Moldova considers education a national priority and has been making steady progress in reforming and modernising its education system. The Ministry of Education and Research (MoER) in 2023 launched its Education Development Strategy 2030 and requested the European Union (EU) to engage the OECD to undertake a deeper analysis of selected policy domains that are central to its education reform. This laid the foundation for the project "Support to the implementation of education policies in Moldova", funded by the EU. The MoER expressed a keen interest to learn from international research evidence and relevant international examples to help advance its education reform agenda. This report is the second output of the project "Support to implementation of education policies in Moldova" and presents an analysis of one of three selected policy domains: "the evaluation of Vocational Education and Training (VET) programmes and institutions in order to improve their functioning".
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  • 189
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.161
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitskosten ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Finanzpolitik ; Irland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This working paper uses a new method to assess the fiscal sustainability of the Irish health system by considering the effects of population change and income growth on both government revenue and health spending over time. Spending on healthcare is comparatively high in Ireland, accounting for 8.4% of GNI in 2019. Health spending from public sources is projected to account for 24% of government revenues in 2040 (up from 20% in 2019). The fiscal balance is projected to slightly deteriorate in Ireland by 2040. Population change is projected to be a much greater driver of future health spending in Ireland over the next 20 years as compared to the OECD average. By coupling health spending projections with government revenue projections, our approach provides policymakers with a broader set of whole-of-government policies to consider when addressing financing shortfalls.
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  • 190
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.157
    Schlagwort(e): Pharmaindustrie ; Performance-Messung ; Transparenz ; Stakeholder ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: The 2018 OECD report Pharmaceutical Innovation and Access to Medicines noted that public debates about pharmaceutical policy are often marked by a lack of authoritative and commonly accepted information supporting the arguments of the stakeholders involved. A set of agreed indicators would facilitate better informed, more fact-based pharmaceutical policy debates to benefit all stakeholders, including the general public, policy makers, and the industry itself, and could help restore and strengthen trust among them. As part of its broader work agenda on "Increasing the transparency of pharmaceutical markets to inform policies", the OECD undertook a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the feasibility of establishing a set of core indicators. The selection of indicators was guided by the principle that health policy aims to improve population health, and that access to effective medicines produced by a viable industry is essential to achieving that objective. To help policy makers understand how financial resources in the pharmaceutical industry contribute to the research and development of effective products in areas of need, indicators should cover three domains: inputs, including financial flows into the industry; activity, including financial performance and R&D expenditure and activity; and outputs, capturing product outflows and benefit to health systems. This paper presents the key findings on the feasibility of populating indicators to address the input and activity domains within this framework.
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  • 191
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/05
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von Schulungsprogrammen für inklusives und soziales Unternehmertum
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving the effectiveness of inclusive and social entrepreneurship training schemes
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Le présent document d'orientation intitulé « Améliorer les programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social » a été produit par l'OCDE et la Commission européenne. Il traite de l'importance des programmes de formation et présente une vue d'ensemble des types de programmes de formation disponibles. Il analyse également les possibilités pour les pouvoirs publics de renforcer ces programmes de formation et fournit des conseils sur la manière de concevoir des programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social plus efficaces.
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  • 192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.62
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastrukturpolitik ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Kurzfassung: Multiple institutions are responsible for and contribute to ensuring that infrastructure investments meet policy objectives. The responsibilities of these institutions have evolved over time and vary from country to country, depending on tradition, constitutional arrangements, and government capacities. While they are often complementary, sometimes these responsibilities overlap, creating an additional level of complexity. Understanding the impact of the institutions involved with infrastructure will allow policymakers to make informed decisions. This paper explores both the 'why' and the 'what' of institutional arrangements. It provides a snapshot of the various institutions involved in the planning, financing, and delivery of infrastructure across OECD Member countries and identifies three broad types of institutional arrangements. The paper contributes to a better understanding of current trends in institutional change, the strengths and challenges of these institutional arrangements, and the potential for sharing experience and expertise among institutions and countries.
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  • 193
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Les synthèses de l'OCDE sur le bien-être, l'inclusion et l'égalité des chances no.10
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Policy integration and child well-being: What can countries do to become more effective?
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: Cette synthèse fait le point sur les initiatives récentes des pays de l'OCDE visant à renforcer l'intégration des politiques en faveur du bien-être de l'enfant. Elle expose les défis auxquels sont confrontés les pays qui s'efforcent de faire avancer l'agenda politique du bien-être de l'enfant et examine ce qu'ils peuvent faire pour être plus efficaces. Les plans d'action intégrés pour le bien-être des enfants peuvent fournir l'orientation stratégique nécessaire, mais il peut être difficile de les faire évoluer au-delà d'un simple cadre d'orientation. Les pays de l'OCDE devraient envisager de réduire leur champ d'application et stimuler le travail en commun. Les instruments d'aide à l'élaboration des politiques en direction des enfants ne jouent pas encore un rôle pleinement efficace dans l'intégration de l'agenda politique du bien-être de l'enfant dans l'ensemble du gouvernement. Il convient de faire preuve de stratégie en investissant dans des outils politiques spécifiques aux enfants et en étendant leur utilisation.
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  • 194
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.158
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the career options of doctoral and postdoctoral researchers. It identifies policies and practices to promote diverse careers, flexible career trajectories and ultimately better-quality research and innovation across different economic and social sectors. The report presents a conceptual framework and synthesis of available data and policy information. It offers recommendations and a set of policy options to: promote engagement and interaction with employers outside academia; provide researchers with experience and skills for diverse careers; encourage valorisation of diverse career options; support career development and guidance for researchers; promote inter-sectoral mobility; and, reconfigure and support careers in academia.
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  • 195
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.202
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: National climate change adaptation programmes can strengthen agriculture's resilience to adverse climatic events by investing in absorptive capacity to mitigate the impact of a shock in the short run, adaptive capacity to effect incremental changes in the medium run, and transformative capacity to create fundamentally new agricultural production systems in the long run. Using UNFCCC reporting documents, this analysis takes stock of agricultural climate change adaptation programmes in OECD countries and evaluates their contribution to developing resilience. Significant investments have been undertaken in the creation of decision support tools, the management of soil and water resources, and cultivar selection and breeding to address key agricultural vulnerabilities, namely drought, flooding and declining crop yields. Adaptation programmes developed to date most heavily emphasise adaptive capacity to address sustained and growing climate risks. Actions that contribute to transformative capacity are beginning to emerge, but lag behind medium-run measures.
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  • 196
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.43
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This paper takes stock of one year of policy responses to the 2022/2023 energy crisis triggered by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In this paper, "SME policy responses" are defined as all government policies, whether SME-specific or not, which have lowered or affected in other way the price of electricity and natural gas paid by SMEs. The paper discusses three broad policy categories and related approaches implemented across countries: price-support measures; income-support measures; and complementary policies fostering the green transition. Overall, while emergency measures were initially centred on energy-intensive sectors, a larger number of SMEs was eventually covered as governments ramped up the scale and scope of their action due to the protraction of the Russian war in Ukraine. Going forward, as wholesale energy prices return to pre-war levels, price-support measures should be withdrawn. Income support could be used in some cases to help companies deal with still high retail energy prices, but the main policy focus should shift towards measures that improve the energy efficiency and environmental performance of SMEs.
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  • 197
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Schlagwort(e): Nachkriegszeit ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Governance ; Ukraine
    Kurzfassung: Post-war reconstruction in Ukraine will face challenges in public procurement, including corruption risks and lengthy procedures. Strengthening existing legal and institutional foundations, aligned with international standards, is crucial. Streamlining procurement, ensuring transparency, and promoting equality for domestic and foreign companies are vital. Central procurement institutions require support, extending to regional and local authorities. A transparent legal framework can pave the way for efficient and accountable procurement, enabling a resilient future. A unified legal framework for awarding all contracts for the reconstruction of Ukraine, regardless of the source of financing, would streamline the tendering process. It is recommendable that the framework, fully aligned with international standards, be based on the Ukrainian public procurement legislation. The multiplication of procedural rules and requirements would lead to an increase of the administrative burden and the time required of procurement officers as well as economic operators.
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  • 198
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.154
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This is the second in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on science for policy – research agenda setting, scientific advice and public communication and engagement. The report includes recommendations and options for policy action to improve the resilience of national science systems and their capacity to cooperate internationally in response to crises. The context in each country is different, as illustrated by the many case studies included in the report, and so the priority attached to these recommendations and the specific details of how they might be implemented will vary. They are provided as an overall framework for science policymakers and other actors, including research funders and research providers, to consider.
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  • 199
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: West African Papers no.39
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Alimentation saine, coûts et politiques alimentaires au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest
    Schlagwort(e): Ernährungspolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährungsverhalten ; Sahel ; Westafrika ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Kurzfassung: The Sahel and West Africa region is facing a serious food and nutrition security crisis with high rates of acute malnutrition, combined with high rates of malnourishment and over-nourishment – the "triple burden of malnutrition". Poor-quality diets are the root of all forms of malnutrition, as well as common non-communicable diseases, and are responsible for an estimated one in five adult deaths globally. The high cost of food is a key barrier to accessing a healthy diet. Even before the recent global inflation in food prices, West Africa's food prices were 30%-40% higher than other regions in the world of comparable income levels. The paper analyses the costs of healthy diets in 17 countries in the Sahel and West Africa and which food groups drive up costs. The observed high cross-country variability in costs and cost composition points to a need for more targeted and nutrition-sensitive food system policies as well as the need to invest in better food price data and monitoring capacities.
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  • 200
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264564121 , 9789264882058 , 9789264901209
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Czech Republic 2023
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Czechia
    Kurzfassung: Le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE mène tous les cinq à six ans un examen par les pairs qui passe en revue les efforts de coopération pour le développement de chacun de ses membres. Ces examens visent à améliorer la qualité et l'efficacité de leur coopération, en mettant en évidence les bonnes pratiques et en recommandant des améliorations. L'aide publique au développement de la République tchèque (Tchéquie), stable à 0,14 % du revenu national brut en moyenne depuis 2016, a bondi à 0,36 % en 2022, principalement en raison des coûts liés à l'accueil des réfugiés ukrainiens. La Tchéquie est reconnue pour son soutien aux droits de l'homme. Sa stratégie de long terme 2018-2030 garantit à la fois prévisibilité et flexibilité. Le rapport souligne son engagement auprès de l'Union européenne et de ses membres et identifie les moyens de renforcer l'apprentissage institutionnel. Alors que la coopération tchèque progresse vers les normes du CAD, cet examen fournit des recommandations pour renforcer sa structure institutionnelle, pour accélérer les progrès vers une action plus cohérente qui lutte explicitement contre pauvreté et/ou les inégalités, et pour construire de meilleurs partenariats.
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