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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (3,543)
  • Kalliope (Nachlässe)
  • Governance  (3,543)
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Years
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    London : Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group ; 1.2017 -
    Language: English
    Pages: Bände
    Dates of Publication: 1.2017 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als African governance
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Staat ; Governance ; Afrika ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Brandschutz ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264582880 , 9789264791572 , 9789264888821
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Efektīvas strīdu izšķiršanas tiešsaistē attīstība Latvijā
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Digitalisierung ; Internet ; Lettland ; Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: This report assesses the use of online dispute resolution (ODR) in Latvia. It looks at the country’s efforts to modernise its justice system and develop dispute resolution mechanisms, identifies areas for improvement in line with the OECD ODR Framework, and provides examples of the application of ODR in other countries. The assessment is enriched by the application of the OECD ODR Framework to three specific types of claims – simplified and warning procedures, and consumer claims. It provides recommendations for successfully implementing ODR in Latvia and broadly modernising the justice sector to ensure better access to justice for all.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.44
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Digital government is essential to transform government processes and services in ways that improve the responsiveness and reliability of the public sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic it also proved crucial to governments' ability to continue operating in times of crisis and provide timely services to citizens and businesses. Yet, for the digital transformation to be sustainable in the long term, it needs solid foundations, including adaptable governance arrangements, reliable and resilient digital public infrastructure, and a prospective approach to governing with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. This paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD Digital Government Index (DGI), which benchmarks the efforts made by governments to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent, human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. It comprises 155 data points from 33 member countries, 4 accession countries and 1 partner country collected in 2022, covering the period between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2022.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031356643
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 388 Seiten) , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Power resources. ; Environmental economics. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Technology ; Information technology. ; Stadt ; Konzeption ; Stadtentwicklung ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltfaktor ; Soziales Feld ; Einflussgröße ; Stadtplanung ; Governance ; Smart cities ; Climate Change ; Ecology ; Smart Governance ; Energy transition ; ICT ; smart mobility ; sustainability ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1. Innovation and Smart Cities Research: A Review and Future Directions -- 2. The role of the fourth industrial revolution technologies in driving smart cities -- 3. Finance and economic return of smart city projects -- 4. Cities transformation and benefits of Smart Cities -- 5. Cities: the new form of international environmental governance -- 6. Smart Energy Cities: The Role of Behavioral Interventions in Reducing Electricity Demand in Buildings in Principality of Monaco -- 7. Back to the future: tapping into ancient knowledge toward human centered smart cities -- 8. Environmental retrofitting, a mandate for NEZ livable and sustainable GCC cities -- 9. A comprehensive smart system for social housing -- 10. Smart Modelling for Greener Urban Environments: The Digital Twin of the City of Imola -- 11. MUST-B: a multi-agent model to envisage the future challenges of sustainable urban development -- 12. A Systematic Literature Review on an Expansion of Transit-Oriented Development’s Station Areas -- 13. Ergonomics of access: a new, broad and inclusive vision to better understand the links between the urban context on the conditions of access, accessibility and appropriation of resources of daily life in active modes -- 14. Mobility hubs, an innovative concept for a sustainable urban mobility? State of the art, guidelines and assessments of two European experiences -- 15. Micromobility in urban areas: Evaluation of several scenarios with respect to detailed characteristics of the city -- 16. Smart Cities initiatives and perspectives in emerging economies -- 17. Data driven urban management for Saudi cities: Practices, challenges, and opportunities -- 18. Smart Cities: GCC and Kuwait Experience -- 19. Smart Cities from an Indian Perspective: Evolving Ambitions and Incorporating Sustainable Practices.
    Abstract: This open access book discusses the socioeconomic, environmental, and policy implications of smart cities. Written by international experts in energy economics and policy, the chapters present wide range of high quality theoretical and empirical studies at the nexus of social, entrepreneurial, governmental and ecological transformation. The book covers a wide range of topics, with a view towards providing empirical evidence of the benefits of smart cities as well as practical frameworks for smart city initiatives. Topics discussed include: smart city transition pillars, innovation for smart and sustainable cities design and implementation, smart city governance, smart mobility within cities, and smart cities in emerging economies. This volume will be of use to students and researchers interested in resource economics, energy economics, sustainability, ICT, and governance, as well as policymakers working on smart city initiatives.
    Note: Open Access , Tabellen, Literaturverzeichnisse, Literaturhinweise
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Serbia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Serbia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Serbia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Serbia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Serbia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Serbia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Serbia
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Ghana assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Ghana perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Ghana on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Ghana; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Ghana; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Ghana; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Ghana
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Jamaica assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Jamaica perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Jamaica on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Jamaica; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Jamaica; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Jamaica; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Jamaica
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Guinea assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Guinea perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Guinea on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Guinea; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Guinea; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Guinea; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Guinea
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Anticorruption Agenda ; Governance ; Governance and Financial Sector ; Integrity Risks ; Law and Development ; Public Administration ; Public Procurement
    Abstract: The Armenia public sector accountability survey is instrumental in addressing the disparities between de jure laws and regulations and de facto practices and seeks to fill existing knowledge gaps and inform further definition and implementation of the government's anticorruption initiatives. The survey was implemented by the Corruption Prevention Commission (CPC) and the World Bank. It aimed to: (i) provide a comprehensive assessment of the patterns and determinants of integrity risks, and how they can impact productivity and performance in the public administration in Armenia; (ii) understand the perceptions of Armenian public servants regarding ongoing anticorruption initiatives, their awareness of integrity risks, and the needs for further interventions; and (iii) generate evidence, support and inform further definition of reforms and anticorruption initiatives that help address and counter weak integrity practices in the public sector in Armenia. By highlighting the disparities between de jure laws and de facto practices, particularly in terms of integrity within the public sector, this survey aimed to serve as a cornerstone for informing effective implementation in targeted interventions and bridging the gap between policy intentions and actual practices within Armenia's governance. The Armenia public sector accountability survey was aimed at public servants in selected public entities in Armenia, including central ministries and agencies, regional governments, and selected municipalities across the country. The analysis of the survey findings is anchored in the government production function conceptual framework and adjusted to explicitly take into account the drivers and consequences of corruption
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Kenya assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Kenya perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Kenya on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Kenya; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Kenya; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Kenya; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Kenya
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Zimbabwe assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Zimbabwe perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Zimbabwe on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Zimbabwe; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Zimbabwe; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Zimbabwe; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Zimbabwe
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Mongolia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Mongolia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mongolia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mongolia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mongolia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mongolia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Mongolia
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Governance ; Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PHC ; Primary Health Care Performance ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) assessment conducted by the World Bank and the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) in collaboration with Fiji's Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS). The VSP provides an opportunity to assess the state of the primary health care (PHC) system in Fiji, highlighting areas of strength and challenges through the lens of the PHCPI framework. The framework organizes various domains and subdomains of primary health care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of PHC systems and emphasizes the capacity and processes of PHC service delivery and performance. Notably, while PHCPI recognizes the role of social determinants of health and intersectoral health promotion and prevention efforts as important factors influencing population health, the VSP is primarily focused on aspects of health service delivery. Fiji is one of four Pacific countries - alongside Kiribati, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Solomon Islands that have, with support of the World Bank, used PHCPI tools to take stock of current performance, safeguard what works well, and lay out a vision for areas requiring improvement
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9783031445842
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 427 p. 18 illus., 5 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Security, International. ; Political science. ; Human rights. ; International relations. ; Diplomacy. ; Internationaler Konflikt ; Grenzkonflikt ; Kollektive Sicherheit ; Internationale Politik ; Innere Sicherheit ; Menschenrecht ; Governance ; Europa
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Migration Policies in the OSCE Region (Anisa Abeytia) -- Chapter 2. Early Warning Models in the OSCE: Adoption and Re-Invention (Alina Isakova) -- Chapter 3. NATO and EU Strategic Security Environment (Aybike Yalcin-Ispir) -- Chapter 4. Patterns of Border Disputes Amongst OSCE Countries (Halina Sapeha) -- Chapter 5. Assessing Water (Ir)Rationality in the Disputed Region of Nagorno-Karabakh (Leonardo Zanatta) -- Chapter 6. Vetting as a Tool for Strengthening Judicial Integrity in the OSCE Region (Teodora Miljojkovic) -- Chapter 7. Human Rights Adjudication in Central Asia (Saniia Toktogazieva) -- Chapter 8. Human Rights and Social Media: Challenges and Opportunities for Human Rights Education (Joanna Kulesza) -- Chapter 9. Digital Citizen Activism in Central Asia: Beyond Contestation and Cooperation (Bakhytzhan Kurmanov) -- Chapter 10. The Dilemma of Good Governance vs. Power Grab in Georgia (Shalva Dzebisashvili) -- Chapter 11. Transformations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine towards EU Membership (Malkhaz Nakashidze) -- Chapter 12. Backsliding Rule of Law and “Stabilotocracy” in Montenegro (Mirko Đuković).
    Abstract: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Note: Open Access
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264710412 , 9789264489547 , 9789264940451
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Developing Effective Online Dispute Resolution in Latvia
    Keywords: Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: Šajā ziņojumā novērtēts strīdu izšķiršanas tiešsaistē (ODR) izmantojums Latvijā. Tajā aplūkoti valsts centieni modernizēt tieslietu sistēmu un attīstīt strīdu izšķiršanas mehānismus, noteiktas jomas, kurās nepieciešami uzlabojumi saskaņā ar ESAO ODR sistēmu, un sniegti ODR piemērošanas piemēri citās valstīs. Novērtējumu papildina ESAO ODR regulējuma piemērošana trīs īpašiem prasību veidiem - vienkāršotām un brīdinājuma procedūrām, kā arī ar patērētāju tiesībām saistītām prasībām. Tajā sniegti ieteikumi, kā sekmīgi īstenot ODR Latvijā un kopumā modernizēt tieslietu nozari, lai nodrošinātu labāku tiesu pieejamību visiem.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Abstract: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9783031548727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 193 p. 18 illus., 16 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions
    Uniform Title: Climate stress test
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Financial services industry. ; Financial risk management. ; Climatology. ; Sustainability. ; ESG ; Climate & environmental risk ; Financial institutions ; Transmission channels ; Regulatory framework ; Governance ; Business model ; Climate risk ; Sustainability ; Sustainable finance ; ESG and finance
    Abstract: 1 Climate Risk Scenario -- 2 Regulatory Framework, Standards And Best Practices For The Financial Sector -- 3 Transmission Channels Of Climate Risk -- 4 Integrating Climate Risk Into Commercial Banks Operations -- 5 Insurance Companies -- 6 Governance Implications: The Challenge Of Disclosure.
    Abstract: Climate change is defining structural modifications that affect the economy and the financial system. Within Europe, supervisors and supervised entities are increasingly focusing on the consequences of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks as they impact the soundness and stability of the financial system or interfere with the transmission channels of monetary policy and price stability as well as raising sustainability financing issues. Focusing on climate-related risks within the broader theme of ESG risks, this book analyzes the evolving overall regulatory framework, the climate risk transmission channels, the peculiarities of climate risk transmission channels with reference to specific business models of financial intermediaries, and the governance and disclosure implications of climate risks. It will be of interest to academics, practitioners, and students in the fields of banking, financial services, sustainability, ESG, and climate risk. Elisabetta Gualandri is a Full Professor of Banking and Finance in the Marco Biagi Department of Economics at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy, where she is a member of the Center for Studies in Banking and Finance (CEFIN). She is also a Director of the European Association of University Teachers of Banking and Finance – Wolpertinger. Paola Bongini is a Full Professor of Banking and Finance at the University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy. She is also the Director of the Ph.D. Program in Business for Society. Her research interests are in empirical banking, financial regulation and financial literacy and education. Maurizio Pierigè is Senior Partner at Prometeia responsible for the Risk Integration activities within the Enterprise Risk Management Practice. As Head of Risk Integration, Advanced Analytics, Climate Change & ESG Risks, he is in charge of the development of Prometeia offerings (scenarios, advisory, models, methodologies, software solutions) on balance sheet forecasting and risk integration topics. Marina Di Janni is a Principal, Risk Integration, Advanced Analytics, Climate Change & ESG Risks at Prometeia. She is in charge of planning, controlling, and risk integration for institutions.
    Note: Translation from the Italian language edition: "Climate stress test. Un primo passo verso una gestione integrate dei rischi climatici e ambientali" by Elisabetta Gualandri et al., © AIFIRM (Associazione Italiana Financial Industry Managers) 2022. - The Book is based on selected Chapters (1, 2, and 8) of the AIFIRM's Position Paper n. 39 “Climate Stress Test - Un primo passo verso una gestione integrata dei rischi climatici ed ambientali”. The Editors of the Book took care of all updates, additions, revisions, and translations of the AIFIRM's Position Paper n. 39 selected chapters
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rama, Martin What Lies behind "Good" Analytical Work on Development? Four Years of Knowledge Products at the World Bank
    Keywords: Academic Impact ; Academic Research ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Research Output ; World Bank Group Research
    Abstract: The World Bank's analytical work has a strong reputation, but its knowledge products are also perceived to be of varying quality and relevance, and the drivers of this heterogeneity are only partially understood. Building on previous evaluations, this paper adopts a production function approach to assess how budget resources, time to completion, technical skills, and institutional responsibilities affect the internal ratings and external visibility of different types of analytical tasks at the World Bank. To this effect, the paper first matches records from three unconnected electronic platforms -- for internal documents, budget codes, and external publications -- to assemble a comprehensive database of knowledge products and their key characteristics. With analytical documents as its unit of observation, the exercise shows that: (1) devoting more resources to analytical tasks leads to both better ratings and greater visibility; (2) both outcomes are systematically worse when a greater share of resources comes from trust funds; (3) they are also consistently worse for tasks that take longer to complete; (4) more academically oriented team leaders underperform on ratings and overperform on visibility, whereas technically solid but less stellar team leaders overperform on ratings; and (5) everything else equal, performance varies systematically with the nature of the unit in charge. The findings of the paper can be read as a cautionary note against knowledge management that is based on the counting of analytical tasks. Instead, the findings call for much stronger information systems on knowledge products, a better alignment of incentives for the units in charge, and regular evaluations in the spirit of this paper
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Diakite, Maimouna Cross-Country Empirical Analysis of Govtech Platforms on Citizen Engagement
    Keywords: Citizen Engagement ; E-Government ; Governance ; Govtech ; Govtech Maturity Index ; Govtech Reform ; Public Sector Modernization
    Abstract: Countries worldwide are implementing GovTech reforms to modernize the public sector and achieve better performance while responding to citizens' needs. At its core, GovTech represents a whole-of-government approach to public sector modernization, which emphasizes three critical aspects: (i) citizen-centric public services that are universally accessible; (ii) a whole-of-government approach to digital government transformation; and (iii) simple, efficient, and transparent government systems. Within this context, strengthening citizen engagement is crucial to ensure accountability, improve public policy quality, and enhance service delivery. Accordingly, this study aims to be the first cross-country empirical assessment of the impact of GovTech platforms, which can allow citizens to: (i) participate in policy decision-making and (ii) provide feedback on public service delivery. Using a large sample of 176 countries, the study assesses the impact of the implementation of national platforms that allow citizens to participate more effectively. This research employs entropy balancing as the main identification strategy, as well as propensity score matching and ordinary least squares regressions on the matching sample as alternatives. Additional robustness checks were performed using alternative GovTech Maturity Index 2022 data and by considering the possibility of a slower diffusion of the technology. A sensitivity analysis, considering the role of governance, political and institutional factors, as well as the level of development, is likewise performed. The results show a significant and positive impact of GovTech platforms on citizen engagement. Similarly, democracy and the equal distribution of political power have strong and positive effects on citizen engagement. By contrast, public sector corruption negatively and significantly impacts citizen engagement. The findings also provide evidence that GovTech platforms are more effective in fostering citizen engagement in high-income economies and in countries where the government is efficient, institutional and social fragility is low, and there is no conflict or only low-intensity conflict. The results of an Africa-focused analysis indicate that African countries that have adopted such digital platforms likewise experience an increase in citizen engagement
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Civil Registration and Identification ; Gender ; Governance ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Private Sector Development ; Public Administration ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: In Ethiopia, women are 15 percentage points less likely than men to possess a kebele ID, the primary proof of identity document used in the country. This report unveils findings from a study that aims to grasp the reasons behind this gender gap in ID ownership and offers recommendations for overcoming these barriers in Fayda, the new digital ID system launched by the Government of Ethiopia in 2021. Executed by the World Bank in partnership with Ethiopia's National ID Program (NIDP), the study first uses statistical analysis of ID4D-Findex data to illustrate the nature of the ID ownership gap and its ramifications for women. Subsequently, through desk research and original qualitative data obtained from focus group discussions and key informant interviews, the report delves into four categories of potential reasons for the gap: legal and policy barriers, social and community barriers, economic and procedural barriers, and information and knowledge barriers. In the concluding section, the report offers three key recommendations for integrating gender inclusivity into the Fayda program, drawingfrom the research findings and inputs gathered from qualitative research participants
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Business Environment ; E-Government ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Governance ; Innovation and Technology Privacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The Chinese government has a long-standing commitment to business environment and digital government reforms. China's online government-to-business (G2B) services have enhanced public service efficiency, accessibility, and transparency, creating a more favorable business environment. This note features a case study of the all-in-one online government service platform developed in Zhejiang Province, a subnational leader in promoting e-government and business environment reforms. Following general national guidelines, Zhejiang has been a leader in exploring innovations to promote digital government development and business environment reforms. Its reforms both demonstrate the effectiveness of a proactive approach to leveraging digital technologies for administrative efficiency and an improved user experience and highlight the positive impacts on the business environment
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264761735
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (217 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel de l'OCDE sur l'intégrité publique
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manual de Integridade Pública da OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Public Integrity Handbook
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manual de la OCDE sobre Integridad Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Handbuch Integrität im öffentlichen Leben
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: يوفر دليل النزاهة العامة الصادر عن منظمة التعاون الاقتصادي والتنمية، إرشادات للحكومات والشركات والمجتمع المدني بشأن تنفيذ توصية المنظمة بشأن النزاهة العامة. يوضح الدليل المعنى العملي للمبادئ الثلاثة عشر للتوصية ويبين التحديات التي تعرقل تنفيذها. يقدم الدليل إرشادات حول تطوير آليات التعاون داخل الحكومة، وكذلك بين المستويات الوطنية والمحلية. لبناء أسس النزاهة في الحكومة والمجتمع، يُفصّل الدليل العناصر الأساسية لنظام إدارة الموارد البشرية القائم على الكفاءة ومكونات الثقافة المؤسساتية المنفتحة. كما يوضح دور الحكومة في تقديم التوجيه لقطاع الأعمال والمجتمع المدني والمواطنين حول التمسك بقيم النزاهة العامة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يشرح الدليل كيفية استخدام عملية إدارة المخاطر لتقييم وإدارة مخاطر النزاهة، ويحدد كيفية استخدام نظام الإنفاذ لضمان المساءلة الحقيقية في حالة حدوث خرق للنزاهة.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264820708 , 9789264318458 , 9789264670488
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (367 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rebuilding Ukraine by Reinforcing Regional and Municipal Governance
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ukraine
    Abstract: До широкомасштабного вторгнення Росії 24 лютого 2022 року Україна досягла значного поступу в реалізації амбітних реформ регіонального розвитку та децентралізації. Результатом цих реформ стало створення 1 469 об’єднаних муніципалітетів, введення детальної багаторівневої структури планування регіонального розвитку, а також значне підвищення рівня надання місцевих державних послуг і державного фінансування регіонального та місцевого розвитку. Однак на шляху реформ виникли деякі проблеми, багато з яких були значно загострені війною Росії проти України. Ці проблеми включають збільшення регіональних економічних та демографічних розбіжностей і відмінностей у рівні добробуту, фрагментарну структуру фінансування регіонального розвитку, а також помітні розбіжності в адміністративних, кадрових і фіскальних можливостях муніципалітетів. У цьому звіті представлено глибокий аналіз поступу України у впровадженні реформ багаторівневого управління та досліджено роль місцевих органів влади в управлінні катастрофою. Виходячи з цього, у звіті рекомендуються можливі шляхи використання Україною разом з міжнародними партнерами багаторівневого управління, регіонального розвитку і децентралізації для підтримки процесів місцевої відбудови та відновлення з метою вирішення нагальних гуманітарних потреб, відновлення місцевої економіки та громад, а також посилення їхньої стійкості.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264673915
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving the Legal Environment for Business and Investment in Central Asia: Progress Report
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: Хотя Центральная Азия оказалась относительно устойчивой к потрясениям COVID-19, замедлению темпов роста в Китае и войне России на Украине, снижение темпов роста в регионе, низкая производительность труда и сохраняющаяся глобальная неопределенность указывают на необходимость устранения недостатков делового и инвестиционного климата. Внедрение предсказуемых правил, создание равных условий для компаний и усиление конкуренции на рынках, в частности, может стимулировать как местных предпринимателей, так и иностранных инвесторов к инвестированию и развитию в регионе. В настоящем отчете представлена оценка прогресса, достигнутого после проведения в 2019-2020 гг. анализа правовой среды для бизнеса и инвестиций в Казахстане, Кыргызстане, Таджикистане, Туркменистане и Узбекистане на фоне изменения международного контекста, вызванного COVID-19 и войной.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264598140 , 9789264552807 , 9789264292727
    Language: Bulgarian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Public Investment in Bulgaria: Planning and Delivering Infrastructure
    Keywords: Governance ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Този доклад очертава резултатите от прегледа на процесите на публични инвестиции в България и дава препоръки за подобряване на тяхната ефективност и ефикасност. Той се фокусира върху планирането, инвестициите и изпълнението на инфраструктура на национално и общинско ниво. Докладът идентифицира какво България трябва да запази и подобри, за да гарантира, че инвестициите, направени на европейско, държавно и общинско ниво, постигат най-добро съотношение качество-цена и допринасят за благосъстоянието и жизнения стандарт на хората.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9781509558278 , 9781509558285
    Language: English
    Pages: 260 Seiten
    Uniform Title: Les mondes de la santé publique
    Keywords: Public health ; Medical policy ; Medical ethics ; Public Health ; Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Governance
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Garcia-Santana, Manuel Understanding Home Bias in Procurement: Evidence from National and Subnational Governments
    Keywords: Border Effects ; Competition Policy ; Economic Integration ; Governance ; International Economics and Trade ; Local Bias ; Local Business Support ; National Bias ; Public Procurement
    Abstract: Are governments locally biased when buying goods and services? Can this home bias explain the low integration of procurement markets? Using one million procurement contracts awarded in France and Spain, this paper explores whether the home bias follows the government's geographical scope: national governments have a national bias, while subnational governments have a local bias. The relative home bias across governments is estimated by comparing how local and non-local establishments sell the same product to national and subnational governments in the same destination. This paper finds that the governments' home bias explains a big part of the high local concentration in procurement
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Keywords: Digital Sector ; Domestic ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Governance ; International ; International Economics and Trade ; Legal Instruments
    Abstract: This Investment Policy and Regulatory Review (IPRR) presents information on the legal and regulatory frameworks governing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria. Since legal and regulatory frameworks are constantly evolving, a cut-off date was set for the research. This country review therefore covers information available as of December 31, 2021, unless otherwise indicated in the review. This IPRR is organized as follows: Section 2 provides an overview of the country's investment policy framework, including the legal instruments regulating foreign investment, key institutions involved in investment promotion, as well as the country's foreign investment promotion strategy; it also delineates the country's international investment legal framework, including the country's commitments under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and select international investment agreements (IIAs); Sections 3-6 cover the country's policies and domestic legal framework concerning different dimensions of the lifecycle of an investment: entry and establishment (Section 3), protection (4), incentives (5) and linkages (6); Sections 7-8 explore emerging investment policy and regulatory areas - Section 7 considers outward FDI and Section 8 responsible investment; Section 9 focuses on city-specific investment policy and regulatory measures in the largest commercial center; and Section 10 covers FDI in the digital economy
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Cloud Computing ; Data Classification ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Information Technology ; Institutional Framework ; Security
    Abstract: Despite widespread awareness on the benefits of cloud computing, authorities in most of the World Bank's client countries have not explored the opportunity of adopting cloud computing solutions. Task teams are finding it difficult to provide relevant advice to the counterparts and address their concerns. Most authorities have identified risks of moving to cloud computing: Will their data be safe? Will they have sovereign control over access to data stored offshore? Will privacy be protected? These risks are real. Due to an inadequate assessment framework to identify and assess these risks, the typical response of most client governments is to develop a government's cloud (G-Cloud or GovCloud). This seems logical for more sensitive or mission critical data. However, this is not enough. Adopting a hybrid cloud model, which leverages the cloud services from the private sector to work in conjunction with the G-Cloud can offer immense opportunities to save costs, improve security, enhance performance, and strengthen resilience in a post COVID-19 world. However, client governments need guidance to change their policy response on cloud computing - from the risk-avoidance to the one of risk-management. This note provides guidance on institutional and procurement arrangements and risk mitigation methodology for acquiring and managing public cloud solutions using a whole-of-government approach
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pertev, Rasit Economics of Political Clientelism and Corruption - A Theoretical Pathway
    Keywords: Civil Unrest Provocation ; Conflict and Fragility ; Corruption Prevention ; Democracy and Growth ; Governance ; Patronal Politics ; Political Patronage ; Political Systems and Government ; Politics and Government ; Public Sector Governance
    Abstract: This paper proposes a preliminary economic model of political clientelism and corruption in developing countries with weak rule of law. It explains why this corruption is often chronic and persistent, and further examines its impact on fragility, conflict, and violence. The basic model is built in three stages: (i) political party strategies vis-a-vis clientelist options using a game-theoretical approach, (ii) strategies of using state repression and violence to complement electoral clientelism, and (iii) strategies of geographical/ethnic entities on remaining within a given republic or breaking away. The model predicts that the first clientelist party in power can monopolize government for long periods and further consolidate power by blending in state violence. Political clientelism and corruption are likely to provoke geographically distinct communities and movements to challenge the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country concerned. The impact on fragility is predicted as greatest during monopolistic and dictatorial clientelism. Governance structures of inegalitarian or unjust local traditional authorities are shown to be an important independent factor provoking separatism. Separatist movements are predicted to be left leaning or egalitarian in the beginning of their struggle. As economies grow and shift away from a patronage-based private sector toward a productive one, individuals are likely to be protective of their enterprises and incomes against the aleatory decisions of a clientelist government. Therefore, a substantially enhanced investment in a productive private sector may likely be a better longer term anti-corruption strategy than exclusively focusing on governance, accountability, and accounting measures
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Capital Markets ; Capital Markets and Capital Flows ; Climate Change ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Inclusion ; Poverty Alleviation ; Resilience ; Shared Prosperity ; Sustainability ; Sustainable Finance
    Abstract: This annual report, which covers the period from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, has been prepared by the Executive Directors of both the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)-collectively known as the World Bank-in accordance with the respective bylaws of the two institutions. Ajay Banga, President of the World Bank Group and Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors, has submitted this report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bossavie, Laurent Impacts of Extremist Ideologies on Refugees' Integration: Evidence from Afghan Refugees in Tajikistan
    Keywords: Extremism ; Female Education ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Governance ; Refugees ; Slow Refugee Integration ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Taliban Impact ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: This paper examines the effect of exposure to extremist ideologies on the integration of Afghan refugees in Tajikistan, using a 2023 census following the Taliban's takeover in Afghanistan. It finds that Afghan refugees born in provinces with increased Taliban territorial control between 2017 and 2021, despite having comparable pre-migration characteristics, are less integrated into their host communities than other refugees. They also show lower educational levels and more mental health problems. However, there is no observed impact of this exposure on their income, consumption, or employment
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 36277
    Keywords: Air Transport ; Airports and Air Services ; Connectivity ; Governance ; Infrastructure ; Resilience ; Tourism ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Abstract: The lack of land connectivity among the Caribbean Island nations and the growing significance of the tourism sector as a key economic pillar have underscored the importance of improved air connectivity for economic growth and shared prosperity in the region. On average, tourism's contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) for the region rose from 12 percent in 2011 to 15.2 percent in 2017, accounting for 4.3 percent of the jobs (CIA, The World FactBook). Almost half these contributions can be traced to capital investments in the travel and tourism industry, while one-third is linked to tourism-related service industries. Overall, Caribbean origin and destination air passenger traffic grew by 50 percent between 2007 and 2017, from approximately 40 million to nearly 60 million passengers annually. However, intra-regional passenger traffic remained flat and declined in some countries, including in Grenada, Dominica, and Saint Lucia. While post-2017 regionwide data is limited, evidence indicates that these trends persist
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 39458
    Keywords: Collusion ; Corruption ; Fraud ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governance Risk ; Law and Development ; Public Expenditure
    Abstract: Corruption poses a significant threat to development and has a disproportionate impact on the poor and most vulnerable. Government agencies struggle to identify fraud and corruption in public expenditures. Risk assessments usually rely on manual analysis and follow-up on specific complaints or anecdotes which requires substantial resources. Assessments are often limited in scope and ineffective, failing to generate the evidence needed to build strong cases. The World Bank developed the Governance Risk Assessment System (GRAS), a tool that uses advanced data analytics to improve the detection of risks of fraud, corruption, and collusion in government contracting. GRAS increases the efficiency and effectiveness of audits and investigations by identifying a wide range of risk patterns. GRAS makes use of public data and is based on a robust and comprehensive conceptual framework which draws on insights from experienced practitioners and sound academic research. This report presents GRAS's main features, examples of GRAS implementation, and outlines the steps government agencies can take in applying GRAS in their countries. GRAS was developed in Brazil, where it has been piloted in four subnational governments and has helped to investigate fraud, corruption, and collusion in public procurement. Concrete results include the identification of over 850 suppliers with strong indication of collusive behavior, 450 suppliers likely registered under strawmen, 500 cases of conflict of interests involving suppliers owned by public servants, and about 4500 companies with connections to political campaigns, among other examples
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2206
    Keywords: Digital Government Strategy ; Digitization Policy ; E-Governance Transition ; E-Government ; Electronic Registries ; European Commission ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Sustainable Digital Transformation
    Abstract: This report, which is funded by the EU under the Support to Public Sector Management Reform Project in BiH, presents an assessment of e-services and key enablers that underpin an efficient and user-centric digital government in the RS, including recommendations for further development. The assessment was conducted at the request of and in close collaboration with the RS Ministry of Scientific and Technological Development, Higher Education and Information Society (MNRVOID). The report is meant to inform the RS Government's future reform plans in the area of digitization
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2185
    Keywords: Central Banks ; Climate Change and Environment ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Risk Management ; Governance ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Portfolio Management ; RAMP ; Reserve Advisory and Management Partnership ; Strategic Asset Allocation (SAA)
    Abstract: This survey report represents a collaborative effort between Reserve Advisory and Management Partnership (RAMP) and central banks worldwide to advance the understanding and practice of reserve management. The cooperation of all central banks involved is greatly appreciated, and we anticipate that the findings obtained from this survey will make a valuable contribution to the ongoing success and resilience of central bank reserve management
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2153
    Keywords: Climate Change and Agriculture ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Conflict and Development ; Covid and Refugee Welfare Covid ; Economic Growth ; Food Security ; Forceably Displaced Populations (FDP) ; Gender and Development ; Governance ; Host Population Welfare ; Labor Markets ; Refugee Education ; Refugee Labor Market
    Abstract: This report makes several contributions to the literature on the welfare of FDPs and their hosts. On the data front, the harmonized database compiled for this report represents a large and unique source of information on the welfare of both hosts and FDPs during the period of an unprecedented pandemic. The data span 14 countries from different regions, populations of concern (IDPs, refugees, hosts), and accommodation types (in camps, out of camps). Over a fifth of the global population displaced before the start of the pandemic is represented in this database, allowing for direct comparison and aggregation of results across countries and subgroups. The report also brings a policy lens to the analysis. By examining the role of existing labor market and education policies in the hosting country using newly available information from a cross country, up-to-date policy database, the data yield important insights. In addition, the report examinesaid financing trends using disbursement-level data from OECD's Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and a labor-intensive keyword search approach to teaseout disbursements that are intended for displaced populations. The rest of the report is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the data used in this exercise, including the samples, the harmonization process, and the resulting database. Section 3 presents the key results on the welfare impact of the forcibly displaced and their hosts during the pandemic and ensuing crises. Where relevant and possible, theresults are linked to preexisting sectoral polices that were in place in hosting countries before the pandemic. Section 4 discusses the recent trend in official development assistance (ODA) intended for displaced populations. The report concludes with adiscussion of the results and a set of forward-looking policy recommendations, focusing on inclusive social policies and sustainable financing aimedat promoting self-reliance among the displaced, and on lessons learned for data collection and harmonization following this unprecedented endeavor
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 11872
    Keywords: Economic and Employment Structure ; Economic Growth ; Governance ; Inflation ; Labor Force Participation ; Learning Employable Skills ; Skills Development System ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) ; Youth Employment
    Abstract: Tanzania's rapidly growing population, particularly its youth, faces challenges in entering the labor market due to limited employable skills. This policy note first reviews the demand-side factors including Tanzania's economic, employment, and labor force characteristics, then it critically analyzes the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and skills development system. It draws from existing studies and available data to provide an overview of key sector issues and highlights the challenges that require attention as they relate to cultivating employable skills for all Tanzanian youth. This policy note complements the World Bank Policy Note on Strengthening Basic Education System and Improving Learning Outcomes and offers timely input to the government's ongoing effort to strengthen the TVET sector
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 39458
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; FCS ; Fragility and Conflict ; Governance ; GOVTECH ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Political Economy ; Reforms
    Abstract: This report takes stock of the development of GovTech solutions in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations (FCS), be they characterized by low institutional capacity and/or by active conflict and provides insights on challenges and opportunities for implementing GovTech reforms in such contexts. It is aimed at practitioners and policy makers working in FCS but will also be useful for practitioners working in Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) contexts, at-risk countries, or low-income countries as some similar challenges and opportunities can be present. Chapter 1 describes the methodology and provides basic definitions of FCV and GovTech as well as the rationale for the report. Chapter 2 provides an overview of GovTech in FCS, based on the analysis of GovTech Maturity Index (G_TMJ) data, and common challenges to GovTech in FCS. Chapter 3 analyzes the state of GovTech reforms per pillar in FCS and illustrates these with selected examples. Chapter 4 concludes with some recommendations for designing and implementing GovTech projects in these contexts based on the analysis
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 39458
    Keywords: Ecosystems and Natural Habitats ; Environmental Protection ; Fragile Societies ; Governance ; Law and Justice ; Legal Procedures ; Pollution Management and Control
    Abstract: This report explores the paths to increase access to justice in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations (FCS). It provides an analytical overview of the most common barriers to access to justice and presents the value and prerequisites of eight options available to governments to increase access to justice in these contexts. Fragile environments are considered among the most difficult for publicsector reforms, including judicial reform, partly because the root cause for fragility or conflict is often multifaceted. FCS are characterized by rapidly changing circumstances, differing levels of security, fragile and volatile political situations, low institutional capacity, and a weak enabling and investment climate for the private sector. The report takes these aspects into consideration and proposes context-specific policy implications. The report is intended for justice professionals and the general audience of development experts alike, and is designed to be a repository of data and country examples on common barriers and solutions for increasing access to justice in FCS. It can serve as a starting point for reform design and research toward good practices implemented across the world. The report relies on publicly available data and does not do any data collection. As such, it carries the limitations of the underlying datasets, including a general lack of data on outcomes and the unavailability of gender-disaggregated data. Section 1 discusses the determinants of access to justice and defines the concept of fragility used throughout the report. Section 2 uses publicly available data to extract common barriers to access to justice in FCS and organizes them around the three dimensions of access to justice. Section 3 outlines ways that these barriers can be addressed with corresponding in-country applications. Section 4 concludes by summarizing the policy implications of this analysis for governments
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Policy ; Fiscal Spending ; Governance ; Government Revenue
    Abstract: Bulgaria has traditionally adhered to fiscal discipline and prudent fiscal policy since the introduction of its currency board arrangement in mid-1997. After a gradual decline in the 2000s, public debt has remained among the lowest in the European Union (EU), hovering in a narrow band between 17 and 29 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) for the last 10 years. The low level of public debt has been supported by relatively low fiscal deficits or even surpluses in some years. This has helped the fiscal system absorb recent shocks relatively unscathed and provided sufficient fiscal space to address emerging crises and limit the scarring on economic activity, the labor market, and incomes. This report provides fresh evidence on Bulgaria's fiscal landscape and some of the key issues that fiscal policy may need to address going forward. To start with, the report looks at opportunities to increase revenue collection with two special focuses - the value-added tax (VAT) compliance gap and health taxes (excises on tobacco and alcohol products). Social spending effectiveness in reducing headline poverty and child poverty in particular also requires urgent attention from policy makers. An updated fiscal incidence analysis shows that Bulgaria's fiscal system has a limited impact on overall poverty; neither is it effective in addressing child poverty, as it reduces it by just 0.3 percentage points
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pecorari, Natalia Citizen Participation and Political Trust in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Machine Learning Approach
    Keywords: Citizen Participation ; Deliberative Democracy ; Democratic Government ; Governance ; Machine Learning ; Political Trust ; Stealth Democracy ; Trust in Government
    Abstract: This paper advances the understanding of the linkages between trust in government and citizen participation in Latin America and the Caribbean, using machine learning techniques and Latinobarometro 2020 data. Proponents of the concept of stealth democracy argue that an inverse relationship exists between political trust and citizen participation, while deliberative democracy theorists claim the opposite. The paper estimates that trust in national governments or other governmental institutions plays neither a dominant nor consistent role in driving political participation. Instead, interest in politics, personal circumstances such as experience of crime and discrimination, and socioeconomic aspects appear to drive citizen participation much more strongly in the Latin America and the Caribbean region. This is true across models imposing simple linear trends (logit and lasso) and others allowing for nonlinear and complex relations (decision trees). The results vary across the type of participation-signing a petition, participation in demonstrations, or involvement in a community issue-which the paper attributes to increasing net costs associated with participation
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schuster, Christian The Global Survey of Public Servants: A Foundation for Research on Public Servants around the World
    Keywords: Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Bureaucracy ; Corruption ; Global Survey of Public Servants ; Governance ; Governance Diagnostic Capacity Building ; Public Administration ; State and Local Government ; Survey Methods
    Abstract: How do civil service management practices differ within and across governments? How do core attitudes of public servants-such as their motivation or satisfaction-differ within and across governments? Understanding how public administrations around the world function and differ is crucial for strengthening their effectiveness. Most comparative measures of bureaucracy rely on surveys of experts, households, or firms, rather than directly questioning bureaucrats. Direct surveys of public officials enable governments to benchmark themselves and scholars to study comparative public administration and the state differently, based on micro-data from actors who experience government first-hand. This paper introduces the Global Survey of Public Servants, a global initiative to collect and harmonize large-scale, comparable survey data on public servants. The Global Survey of Public Servants can help scholars compare public administrations around the world and understand the internal dynamics of governments, with the published Global Survey of Public Servants data freely available online
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Traore, Mohamed Cross-Border Exchange of Information and Tax Revenue Mobilization in Africa
    Keywords: Domestic Resource Mobilizatoin ; Governance ; International Exchange of Informaiton ; Law and Development ; Propensity Score Matching ; Tax Avoidance ; Tax Collection ; Tax Evasion ; Tax Law
    Abstract: Tax evasion and avoidance generate distortions in tax systems and cause significant revenue losses for African economies. International cooperation is one of the most effective methods of combating tax evasion and tax avoidance. As such, many countries are participating in global initiatives toward the exchange of information between national administrations for tax purposes. This paper provides the first empirical evidence on the revenue effects of tax-related exchange of information for African countries. The regressions are carried out on a sample of 54 African countries on data from 1990-2020. The findings indicate that the exchange of information for tax purposes between national tax jurisdictions has a positive and statistically significant impact on tax revenue. The estimation results show that exchange of information could increase tax revenue collection by a magnitude ranging from 5 to 19 percent. These findings reiterate the importance of international cooperation for combating tax evasion and stimulating tax collection in Africa
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Keywords: Digital Economy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Governance ; International Economics and Trade ; Investment Lifecycle ; Legal Framework
    Abstract: This Investment Policy and Regulatory Review (IPRR) presents information on the legal and regulatory frameworks governing foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. Since legal and regulatory frameworks are constantly evolving, a cut-off date was set for the research. This country review therefore covers information available as of December 31, 2021, unless otherwise indicated in the review. This IPRR is organized as follows: Section 2 provides an overview of the country's investment policy framework, including the legal instruments regulating foreign investment, key institutions involved in investment promotion, as well as the country's foreign investment promotion strategy; it also delineates the country's international investment legal framework, including the country's commitments under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and select international investment agreements (IIAs); Sections 3-6 cover the country's policies and domestic legal framework concerning different dimensions of the lifecycle of an investment: entry and establishment (Section 3), protection (4), incentives (5) and linkages (6); Sections 7-8 explore emerging investment policy and regulatory areas - Section 7 considers outward FDI, Section 8 responsible investment; Section 9 focuses on city-specific investment policy and regulatory measures in the largest commercial center; and Section 10 focuses on FDI in the digital economy
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rozo, Sandra V The Electoral Consequences of Easing the Integration of Forced Migrants
    Keywords: Amnesty ; Attitudes About Refugees ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Electoral Outcome ; Governance ; Migrant Inflows and Politics ; Migrant Integration ; Political Backlash ; Refugees ; Social Development
    Abstract: How does easing the economic integration of forced migrants affect native voting behaviors in the Global South? This paper assesses how the regularization of half a million Venezuelan forced migrants affected the electoral choices of Colombian natives by comparing election results in municipalities with higher and lower take-up rates for a program that supports forced migrants. The findings show negligible impacts on native voting behavior. The study then conducted a survey experiment to investigate the lack of voter response. Even after receiving information about the pro-gram, Colombian voters showed no changes in voting intentions or prosocial views toward migrants. This suggests that their indifference did not stem from a lack of awareness about the program
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als di Giovanni, Julian Buy Big or Buy Small? Procurement Policies, Firms' Financing, and the Macroeconomy
    Keywords: Aggregate Productivity ; Business in Development ; Capital Accumulation ; Financial Friction ; Firm Dynamics ; Governance ; Government Procurement ; International Economics and Trade ; National Governance ; Private Sector Development ; Procurement Rules ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises ; Small Firm Growth Constraint
    Abstract: This paper provides a framework to study how different allocation systems of public procurement contracts affect firm dynamics and long-run macroeconomic outcomes. It builds a novel panel dataset for Spain that merges public procurement data, credit register loan data, and quasi-census firm-level data. The paper provides evidence consistent with the hypothesis that procurement contracts act as collateral for firms and help them grow out of their financial constraints. The paper then builds a model of firm dynamics with asset- and earnings-based borrowing constraints and a government that buys goods and services from private sector firms, and uses it to quantify the long-run macroeconomic consequences of alternative procurement allocation systems. The findings show that policies which promote the participation of small firms have sizeable macroeconomic effects, but the net impact on aggregate output is ambiguous. While these policies help small firms grow and overcome financial constraints, which increases output in the long run, these policies also increase the cost of government purchases and reduce saving incentives for large firms, decreasing the effective provision of public goods and output in the private sector, respectively. The relative importance of these forces depends on how the policy is implemented and the type and strength of financial frictions
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Developing Countries ; Economic Adjustment and Lending ; Governance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Resource-Backed Lending ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Transparency
    Abstract: This paper investigates the characteristics of resource-backed lending across sub-Saharan Africa. To shed light on this type of lending, the paper presents new information on thirty resource-backed loans identified through publicly available information between 2004-2018. These loans are concentrated in a few countries, where they represent a sizable fraction of all borrowing, they are typically taken by central governments and state-owned enterprises. While loan terms are mostly opaque, where data is available, we find that such loans are not cheaper than regular loans. The authors highlight opportunities to improve transparency and offer some suggestions for improving the governance of collateralized borrowings across developing countries
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2206
    Keywords: Data Governance ; Digital Transformation ; E-Government ; FCV ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Palestinian Authority (PA) ; Public Sector Data
    Abstract: Data serves many purposes in the public sector: first as infrastructure that supports services and enables transactions between diverse stakeholders in a network, from government to businesses and to citizens; and second as an evidence base for governance and decision-making. Most recently, the value of data was demonstrated through efforts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic using data to aid in disease contact tracing, provide information, guide policies, and inform spending of funds. Public sector and government data sources such as censuses, national surveys, and administrative data, combined with data produced by the private sector helping to fill data gaps, provide timelier and finer-scale assessments of programs and policies, and serve public policy and development needs. Businesses can create value from government data by integrating it with data produced by the private sector. This highlights the importance of efficient and effective data sharing, reuse, and interoperability between different actors to better realize development objectives. This report describes the key findings on: leadership on data use and sharing in the government; key enablers for better public sector data use; key legal, regulatory, and policy safeguards that facilitate the trusted use, reuse, and sharing of data in a safe and secure manner; key stakeholders and their role and responsibilities in the data governance framework; and a proposed action plan
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2181
    Keywords: Economic Management ; Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance ; Governance ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Public Sector Development ; Score Analysis ; Sector Management and Institutions ; Social Inclusion and Equity ; Structural Policies ; Trends
    Abstract: The Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) for Africa is an annual diagnostic tool for Sub-Saharan African countries that are eligible for financing from the International Development Association (IDA), the part of the World Bank that helps the world's poorest countries. The CPIA Africa 2023 report provides an assessment of the quality of policies and institutions in all 39 IDA-eligible countries in Sub-Saharan Africa for calendar year 2022. The average overall CPIA score for Sub-Saharan Africa remained unchanged at 3.1 in 2022. Economic and social resilience continues to be tested in all countries in Sub-Saharan Africa amid tight global credit markets, as institutional capacity for restoring stability and delivering sustained growth remains a challenge. Such resilience is also fundamental to responding to global climate change and the expected market shifts as the world economy transitions to green energy. The recovery of economic activity in the region following the slowdown caused by COVID-19 has been multispeed, with wide variation across countries. Global events that diverted attention away from longer-term development priorities marked 2022. Inflation was the predominant form in which international pressures translated to domestic economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in stress on social policies and government budgets, on account of divergent responses by governments and private sector competition. In some countries, this has led to significant stress on debt sustainability, highlighting the importance of debt management, budgetary oversight, and financial soundness. An opportunity for regrouping on policy reforms arose in the second half of 2022, as gas prices declined after a mild European winter and China lifted health-related restrictions. Despite global economic challenges, more countries in Sub-Saharan Africa saw improvements in their overall CPIA scores compared to the previous year. In Western and Central Africa (AFW), the overall score increased for eight countries-Benin, Cabo Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, the Republic of Congo, and Togo. The overall score increased for four countries in Eastern and Southern Africa (AFE)-Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, and Zambia. In contrast, the overall score decreased for eight countries-Chad, the Comoros, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Sao Tome and Principe, and Sudan. The countries with improved scores made notable advancements in the economic management, policies for social inclusion, and governance clusters. Conversely, the countries with declining scores faced economic management and governance challenges. For the most part, the countries that received downgrades were positioned toward the lower end of the scale, while the upgraded countries generally had overall scores above 3, indicating a growing divergence in scores across the region in 2022
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gine, Xavier Anticipation, Disappointment and Adaptation: Evidence from a Home Upgrading Project
    Keywords: Anticipation Effect ; Communication Skills ; Culture and Development ; Disappointment ; Governance ; Language and Communication ; Local Government ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Psychology ; Public Opinion ; Public Project Management ; Public Satisfaction ; Social Development ; Subjective Well-Being
    Abstract: This paper exploits unexpected delays in the implementation of a home upgrading government program for low-income households in the Dominican Republic to quantify the adverse impact of delays on subjective measures of well-being. The findings show that failure to account for delays in program implementation leads to serious underestimation of program impacts on well-being
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Digital Economy ; Digital Infrastructure ; Digital Tools ; E-Governance ; E-Government ; Governance ; ICT Applications ; ICT Economics ; ICT Procurement ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Public Information
    Abstract: That digital technologies can be tools for better governance is widely accepted - the degree to which they can meet their potential in Africa in the near future is an open question. Are the countries in Africa caught in a trap with digital progress limited by the very governance problems that such technologies could address Or have they already progressed with large leaps forward What are the factors that limit progress from being even faster This study examines the progress and challenges in establishing the analog foundations for the use of digital technologies for better governance in Africa, and the degree of implementation of those GovTech tools. It covers the use of digital tools for providing information to the public, for streamlining the provision of government services including those related to taxation and business and land registration, courts and one-stop shops, digital identification systems, and interoperability between systems. The report similarly covers the use of digital tools for strengthening participation in policy making, accountability systems including grievance redress, and anticorruption. Finally, the report examines the adoption of electronic government procurement (eGP), as well as the procurement of IT systems by governments. The report concludes with recommendations for reaching the potential for the use of digital tools for better governance in Africa
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2152
    Keywords: Diagnostics ; Governance ; Health Care Reform ; Human Capital ; Information Systems ; Per Allocation ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Timor-Leste is facing a human capital crisis. Children born in Timor-Leste today will be less than half as productive as adults as they could be if they enjoyed complete education and full health. Moreover, the Petroleum Fund, the main driver of the economy since the country's independence in 2002, risks being depleted within a decade, threatening the sustainability of Timor-Leste's economy, as well as health, education, and social protection systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified and accelerated these challenges and deepened socioeconomic and geographic inequalities across the country. To be ready for a future that will be primarily driven by the country's human capital assets, the time available to Timor-Leste is limited and the task at hand an enormous one. Despite this daunting outlook, there are opportunities of a lifetime that need to be seized now to address this crisis. The country's population is primarily young, and a rapidly closing window of opportunity exists to build high levels of human capital through quality education, health, nutrition, and social protection. By capitalizing on the youth bulge and translating it into a demographic dividend, the people of Timor-Leste can become the drivers of the country's economic growth. Eight key messages can be distilled from the 2023 Timor-Leste Human Capital Review (HCR). These messages serve as a common reference point for the Government of Timor-Leste (GoTL) and other stakeholders active in human development to identify short- and medium-term priorities for investment in health, education, and social protection. Together, these can yield individual-level and macro-level economic benefits and improve development outcomes
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 39458
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Digital Technologies ; E-Government ; Environment ; Governance ; Govtech ; Green Transition ; ICT Applications ; Information and Communication Technologies
    Abstract: Governments are increasingly seeking opportunities to leverage digital technologies to build a greener future. This guidance note provides useful advice to policy makers underlining adequate leadership and commitment are crucial to implement coordinated GovTech and Green policies. The climate change impacts of digitalization can provide the benefits of green digital service delivery, paperless administration, and the efficiency of integrated services for a reduction of the carbon footprint. The guidance note will focus on "greening Public Administration through GovTech" defined as GovTech policies, initiatives, and/or solutions that embrace environmental considerations by design, maximizing the green benefits and considering the potential negative impacts, for example through digitalization of government processes. This guidance note is centered around three main topics: (i) the green government process through digital solutions; (ii) greening digital service delivery; and (iii) identifying policy mechanisms to mainstream green digital approaches throughout government systems
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2196
    Keywords: Employment and Unemployment ; Governance ; Health Insurance ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; RIPSS ; Service Delivery ; T2D ; Universal Health Insurance
    Abstract: The aim of this report is to document the fidelity of the implementation of the RIPSS in the Huetar-Atlantica Region in Costa Rica. Implementation fidelity seeks to assess the extent to which an intervention is implemented as planned and, for this, the PIPs were contrasted with what was implemented in practice. The assessment identified the following: (i) gaps in the implementation that require subsequent actions, and (ii) the core elements for the sustainability and scale-up of the RIPSS
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2193
    Keywords: Current Economic Indicators ; Equity Committment ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Policy ; GDP Growth By Sector ; Governance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Recent Economic Developments
    Abstract: Global growth is projected to slow significantly in 2023 as continued monetary tightening constrains the credit supply. Tanzania's economy has performed relatively well despite a challenging external environment. The government recognizes that a dynamic private sector fueled both by domestic and international investment is crucial to increase productivity, accelerate job creation, and support more inclusive and resilient growth. Tanzania has several macroeconomic advantages that could support a successful transition to middle-income status. Tanzania's most urgent reform priorities include measures to improve efficiency and effectiveness of expenditure programs and boost tax-revenue mobilization. The government should assess and regulate budget transfers to state-owned enterprises to ensure their sustainability. An analysis of the implementation capacity of ministries with low expenditure execution rates could inform efforts to improve procurement systems and strengthen monitoring and evaluation. The government should adjust VAT, corporate income tax, and excise tax rates to increase revenue mobilization, and excise taxes on tobacco should be reevaluated to balance revenue and public health objectives. Strengthening taxation on wealthier households is vital to improve the equity of the tax system. Reinforcing the tax administration's auditing capacity will be necessary to boost collection efficiency and enhance distributional equity, and registration thresholds should also be adjusted to broaden the tax base. The Commitment to Equity (CEQ) methodology could be used to assess the impact of proposed fiscal policy changes on household income, poverty, and inequality
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dauda, Seidu Does State Ownership have Limits in Romania? An Assessment of Firm Performance and Market Outcomes before and during the COVID-19 Crisis
    Keywords: Competition ; Covid-19 Impacts ; Firm Performance ; Governance ; Local Government ; Market Structure ; National Governance ; Productivity of State-Owned Enterprises ; State-Owned Enterprises ; Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper assesses the performance of Romanian state-owned enterprises with various degrees of ownership (minority owned with 10 to 24.9 percent stakes, minority owned with 25 to 49.9 percent stakes, and majority owned with at least 50 percent ownership stakes) and control levels (central versus local state-owned enterprises and directly versus indirectly owned state-owned enterprises) relative to privately owned enterprises. The paper uses the Romanian firm-level data from the Ministry of Finance covering enterprises of all sizes from 2011 to 2020, combined with the new World Bank Businesses of the State dataset, which tracks ownership of state business entities with at least 10 percent stake in Romania. The paper analyzes whether various degrees of state ownership and levels of control matter for state-owned enterprises' performance. The paper also assesses whether Romanian state-owned enterprises were able to act as stabilizers during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how the presence of state-owned enterprises in markets correlates with market outcomes. The findings show that relative to private firms, Romanian state-owned enterprises, particularly those that are majority owned, directly owned, and local ones, employ more people, pay higher wages, but are less productive. In addition, Romanian state-owned enterprises cushioned the job and wage losses associated with the COVID-19 pandemic better than private firms, especially in competitive sectors. Finally, there is evidence that the presence of state-owned enterprises may limit private firm entry and allocative efficiency
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9783658417093
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 391 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hamburger, David Globale Internet Governance und Völkerrecht
    RVK:
    Keywords: Information technology—Law and legislation. ; Mass media—Law and legislation. ; Civil law. ; Information technology ; Mass media ; Civil codes / Civil law ; Entertainment & media law ; LAW / Civil Law ; LAW / General ; Rechtsordnungen: Zivilrecht, Code Civil ; Unterhaltungs- und Medienrecht ; Zivilrecht, Privatrecht, allgemein ; Internet ; Governance ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Einleitung -- Begriffsbestimmung und Untersuchungsgegenstand -- Notwendigkeit einer globalen Internet Governance -- Status quo der globalen Internet Governance -- Völkerrecht und Internet Governance -- Völkerrechtliche formelle Anforderungen an eine globale Internet Governance -- Völkerrechtliche materielle Anforderungen an eine globale Internet Governance -- Zusammenfassung und Schlussbetrachtung -- Literaturverzeichnis.
    Abstract: Die Regulierung des Internets, häufig auch als Internet Governance bezeichnet, erfolgt gegenwärtig durch eine Vielzahl sowohl privater als auch staatlicher Akteure. Zugleich ist es eine der drängendsten Herausforderungen mit Blick auf die Zukunft des Internets, den ständigen Prozess des Wandels und der Fortentwicklung dieses Mediums regulatorisch zu begleiten und einzuhegen. Dies wirft die Frage auf, welchen Regelungen und Vorschriften Regulierungsmaßnahmen unterliegen, die auf das Internet abzielen. Da aufgrund der entgrenzten Natur des Internets einer Regulierungsmaßnahme praktisch stets eine grenzüberschreitende und damit internationale Dimension zukommt, lässt sich dies jedoch nicht allein anhand nationaler Rechtsvorschriften beantworten. Stattdessen ist hierfür ein Rückgriff auf das Völkerrecht angezeigt. Der Band soll einen Beitrag dazu leisten, die Bedeutung des Völkerrechts für die globale Internet Governance zu ermitteln. Der Autor David Hamburger war von 2017 bis 2021 wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter und Doktorand am Lehrstuhl für Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht, Völkerrecht, Europäisches und Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht an der Universität Passau. Sein Forschungsschwerpunkt war hierbei das Völker- und Europarecht.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819962525
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 58 p. 7 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Political Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Peace. ; Political sociology. ; Economic development. ; Asia ; Asia ; Politischer Konflikt ; Innenpolitik ; Governance ; Friede ; Konflikt ; Auswirkung ; Zivilgesellschaft ; Soziale Integration ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Indonesien
    Abstract: Chapter 1 The Polarization In Post-Conflict Society -- Chapter 2 Democratic Governance In Conflict -- Chapter 3 Road To Peace: From Coercive To Democratic Governance In Conflict -- Chapter 4 The Social Construction Of Reintegration Process In Aceh Post Conflict -- Chapter 5 The Contribution Of Democracy To Governance In Conflict.
    Abstract: This book is the first to analyse the practice of governance to resolve conflict in the case of Aceh in Indonesia. Combining theoretical discourse on conflict, democracy, and governance, it draws from original field research on the separatist conflict, utilizing a social constructivist approach in collating observations and interviews with political elites from both the Government of Indonesia and the Aceh Independent Movement (GAM). The conflict was an intractable one in which thousand civilians were killed between 1976 and 2006. The author zooms into the 2003 and 2007 period, against the broader context of the political landscape of Indonesia under the Suharto regime. In doing so, the book tackles the challenges presented by intrastate conflicts relating to ethno-religiosity, land use, and separatism. It unpacks the Indonesian political system’s shift from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one, and demarcates the prevalence of state violence in managing conflicts, as exemplified in the Aceh separatism conflict. Relevent to political scientists and scholars in peace, conflict and development studies, this co-published book presents novel sociological insights into Indonesia’s historical, and contemporary, political landscape.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031438608
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 239 p. 8 illus.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Evolutionary economics. ; Institutional economics. ; Industrial organization. ; Strategic planning. ; Leadership. ; Public administration. ; Organizational sociology. ; Occupations ; Technological innovation ; New public management ; Quality management ; Governance ; Inclusive governance ; Italy ; Plurality ; Industrial relations ; Organizational studies ; Social innovation ; Taylor Fordism ; Culture ; Economic innovation ; Globalization
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part 1: Theories and Concepts -- Chapter 2. The Concept of Organisation and New Interdisciplinary Interpretative Paradigms -- Chapter 3. Economic and Social Changes and the Development of Organisational Theories -- Chapter 4. The Development of Corporate Organisational Models: Innovation, Quality and the Focus on Customer -- Part 2: Tools and Techniques -- Chapter 5. Tools for Analysis, Planning, and Organisational Development -- Chapter 6. Leadership and Management -- Chapter 7. Negotiation -- Chapter 8. Leadership and Organisational Cultures -- Part 3: Case Studies -- Chapter 9. Reforms of the Public Administration and New Person-oriented Organisational Models -- Chapter 10. Entrepreneurial Culture and the Evolution of Organisational Models: the Challenge of the Integral Enterprise Model -- Chapter 11. Conclusions.
    Abstract: Taking a multidimensional approach, this book sheds light on the evolution of organizational studies in a structured and systematic way, against the background of economic and social changes in recent decades. By doing so, the book focuses on the plurality of organizing models as a central concept. This plurality is important to the survival of the firm in response to the growing complexity of the economic, social, and technological innovation that has arisen as a result of globalization. The book goes beyond the traditional approach to the study of organizations, of a structural and functionalistic type. It investigates the role of cultures and the ethical, symbolic, and value dimensions in the redefinition dynamics of strategic assets, as well as the search for new governance models in innovative organizations. Further, it discusses the role of leadership, in relation to the development of professional groups and the skills necessary for the management of endo-organizational, inter-organizational, and trade union negotiation processes. Finally, the book analyzes the economic, social, and cultural change in societies and discusses how companies and organizations of all types can develop cultures of innovation that may lead to socially inclusive governance. This book will appeal to students, researchers, and scholars of economics, business, and the social sciences, as well as professionals and practitioners interested in a better understanding of how organizations function in today’s globalized world.
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    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer Gabler
    ISBN: 9783658422127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 270 p. 71 illus., 51 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Finance and Accounting
    Uniform Title: Finanzielle Führung von Familienunternehmen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial Management of Family Businesses
    Keywords: Business enterprises ; Family-owned business enterprises. ; Strategic planning. ; Leadership. ; New business enterprises ; Accounting. ; Family Companies ; Leadership ; Corporate Finace ; Family Business ; Transformation ; Data Management ; Financial Management ; Compliance ; Transparency ; Digital Transformation ; Net Working Capital Management ; Strategic Planning ; HSG Family Business ; Digitalization ; Governance ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Familienbetrieb ; Finanzmanagement
    Abstract: Part 1: remarks on the methodology of financial management from theory and practice -- From impact to insight - family business and financial leadership in practice and theory -- Five development stages of financial management of family businesses -- Part 2: transparency: kickstarter for transformation -- Optimal financing structure: avoid bottlenecks and maintain headroom with foresight: everything done right... Almost! -- Meaningful data for right decisions: how to achieve impact with data management -- The chief financial officer and the family office -- Generational wealth preservation: perspectives and fields of action -- The family office as a modern form of majordomus -- "structure follows strategy": from bean counter mode to aligning financial processes with strategy -- Optimising planning systems in a vuca environment -- A plea for more transparency: the fbxperts view -- Part 3: compliance - a "must" to avoid risks -- Internal control system also for family companies - the basis for proper management?! -- What people don't like to talk about: dealing with and defending against fraud -- Cyber attacks - company risk no.1 - underestimated by many -- Compliance is a must: the fbxperts view -- Part 4: performance: profit as the basis for self-financed growth -- Agility through digital transformation: it's high time -- Control systems and incentives as value drivers: separating financial objectives from action planning and control through a new control model -- Fostering and steering innovation -- Net working capital management in family businesses -- Performance must be managed: the fbxperts view -- Part 5: strategy: ensuring success and staying relevant for the customer -- Strategy development in family businesses -- Strategic planning in the family business: dealing with the principal-agent dilemma -- The m&a phenomenon in the context of family businesses: growth through acquisitions -- the m&a function in (family) businesses considering A frame of reference - observations of a practitioner -- Internationalisation and digitalisation as a growth path -- Identifying "shifting" customer demand and megatrends: sustainable growth through a focus on the customer -- Sustainability as a competitive advantage and sustainable financial instruments for working capital financing (esg-linked) -- Strategy requires a balanced leadership team, feasibility check and good cooperation with the supervisory body: the fbxperts view -- Part 6: governance: the duty or the pleasure of leadership? -- Optimal board, decision-making processes and shareholder involvement -- Generational change and conflicts among shareholders -- Hr-strategy - from hire to fire -- Change in corporate culture as a driver of success -- Sustainable and long-term development of family businesses -- Good governance: the fbxperts view -- Part 7: conclusion: being able to leverage collective experiences -- The fbxperts view: a review of the five-step model and the "critical" challenges for family businesses - the genesis -- The value of experiential knowledge for complex decisions.
    Abstract: Financial management in family businesses is a special challenge. CFOs in particular are often at the crossroads of various interests and roles. However, not least the public reticence of family businesses has so far ensured that there is a lack of knowledge about these interrelationships. A specialist circle of CFOs from large German-speaking family businesses is dedicated at the Center for Family Business at the University of St.Gallen (Switzerland) to discuss these issues . In this book, these experts share their wealth of knowledge and experience with the public for the first time. Along a five-step model, they shed light on key areas of responsibility that go far beyond mere financial management. They discuss issues of transparency and compliance, from performance and strategy to governance - and provide concrete suggestions for everyday business life. Whether manager, owner, or advisory board member, anyone who bears responsibility in a family business can benefit from this bridge between theory and practice.The CFO network fbxperts.ch has also been present internationally since 3 years: in Italy, Spain, France, UK and other locations.
    Note: Translation from the German language edition: "Finanzielle Führung von Familienunternehmen" by Thomas Zellweger and Patricio Ohle, © Der/die Herausgeber bzw. der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031163135
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 192 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Advances in African economic, social and political development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Africa—Politics and government. ; Comparative government. ; Political science. ; Political planning. ; Elections. ; Public administration. ; Africa ; Good Governance ; Governance ; Demokratie ; Demokratisierung ; Bestandsaufnahme ; Südafrika
    Abstract: This book presents a holistic perspective and analysis of democratic practice, processes, and governance in South Africa. It examines the development in the South African governing system and its response to the challenges of the crisis of governance under the influence of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). While doing so, the book's central objective is to examine the progress of the South African government in strengthening democracy and political governance. Each of the contributions follows a similar structure and addresses the following thematic issues: (1) Assessment of the implementation of the core APRM-related programs; (2) Identification of areas of excellence and prognosis for further improvement; (3) Identification of the weak areas of each and how to make the future implementation better, (4) Identification areas to improve democracy and political governance. A self-assessment strategy initiated by the African Union (AU) in 2002 and adopted in 2003, the APRM is a voluntary mechanism adopted by countries in the African continent to improve governance in general. As a specialized AU agency, APRM monitors the peer review activities of each African country. It serves as a tool for sharing experiences, reinforcing best practices, identifying deficiencies, and assessing capacity-building needs to foster policies, standards, and practices that lead to political stability, high economic growth, sustainable development, and accelerated sub-regional and continental economic integration. This book will be useful for and appeal to scholars and researchers in political science, public administration, and the social sciences in general, as well as policy-makers interested in a better understanding of democratic practice and processes, governance, public policy, and the African Peer Review Mechanism.
    Note: Democracy and Political Governance in South Africa , A Critique of South Africa’s Quest for Accountable, Efficient and Effective Public Service , Evaluating the Commitment of South Africa to the Principles of Separation of Powers , A Rural Perspective on the African Peer Review Mechanism: Views on Socio-Economic Development and Public Service Delivery in Rural South Africa , Democracy, Peace and Stability in South Africa: The Struggle Continues , South Africa’s Political Commitment to the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Vulnerable Groups , Evaluating the Rights of Children and Young People in Africa: The Policies and Practices in South Africa , Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Citizens in South Africa: A Review , The Voice of the Voiceless: The State of Civil and Political Rights in South Africa , An Assessment of Government Commitment to the Promotion and Protection of Women’s Rights in South Africa , Deepening Leadership Accountability in South Africa , Correction to: Peace and Stability in South Africa: The Struggle Continues
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031443930
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 384 p. 21 illus., 10 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Studies in Public Choice 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The political economy of lobbying
    Keywords: Economics. ; Social choice. ; Political science. ; Legislation. ; Political planning. ; Europe ; Welfare economics. ; Accountability ; Chinese Politics ; Corruption ; Economics ; European Union Politics ; Governance ; Lobbying ; Political Science ; Political Economy ; Public Choice ; Party donations ; Regulation ; Revolving door ; Russian and Post-Soviet Politics ; US Politics ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction -- Part I: Theoretical Background -- Chapter 2 Lobbying – A Public Choice Perspective -- Chapter 3 Lobbying from the Perspective of Behavioral Political Economy -- Chapter 4 Policy Failure and Lobbying -- Chapter 5 Lobbying and Macroeconomic Development -- Part II: Channels of Influence and their Regulation -- Chapter 6 Informational Lobbying -- Chapter 7 Campaign Finance -- Chapter 8 The Revolving Door Phenomenon -- Chapter 9 Politicians’ Extra-Parliamentary Activities and Lobbying -- Chapter 10 Lobbying through Gifts -- Chapter 11 Commercial Lobbying Firms: Lobbying as Business -- Chapter 12 The Evolution of Modern Democracy as a Process of Constitutional Lobbying -- Chapter 13 Lobbying and Trade Protection -- Part III: Lobbying in selected World Regions -- Chapter 14 Lobbying in the United States -- Chapter 15 Lobbying in the European Union -- Chapter 16 Lobbying in Russia -- Chapter 17 Lobbying in China.
    Abstract: Lobbying is not only the subject of ongoing, heated debates in politics and the public sphere but has also been a focus of the social sciences for decades. This edited volume provides an overview of the current state of research on lobbying from the perspective of Public Choice as a subfield of political science and economics. After a brief introduction to the field, Part I provides an overview of basic concepts and political-economic theories of lobbying from the standpoints of various subfields of Public Choice. Subsequently, Part II investigates the various channels used by interest groups to influence policymakers, such as party donations, informational lobbying, hiring politicians, etc. These chapters also discuss the possibilities and limits of regulating the respective channels. Lastly, Part III sheds light on lobbying in selected regions (i.e., the United States, European Union, Russia, and China). .
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031296352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 368 p. 2 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Africa—Politics and government. ; Security, International. ; Political science. ; Africa ; Politischer Konflikt ; Innenpolitik ; Bewaffneter Konflikt ; Innere Sicherheit ; Governance ; Friedenskonsolidierung ; Ursache ; Konflikt ; Fallstudie ; Afrika
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Africa and the Scourge of Conflict and Insecurity -- Chapter 2. African Conflict and the ‘Post-colonial’ State -- Chapter 3. Climate Change and Emerging Conflict between Herdsmen and Farmers in Nasarawa and Plateau States, Nigeria -- Chapter 4. Grassroots conflict over ecosystem services provided by the Inner Niger Delta: The case of Mali -- Chapter 5. Conflict, Police impunity and the governance question in Nigeria: Reflecting on the #EndSARS protest -- Chapter 6. Trapped in the Ivory Tower: Using social movement theory to analyse a ‘movement in distress’ -- Chapter 7. Terrorism in Sub-Sahara Africa: Assessing its Economic and Social Implications -- Chapter 8. Violent Conflict in the Sahel: Causes, Dynamics, and Actors -- Chapter 9. The Resurgence of Military Coups in Africa: The Case of West Africa and the Sahel -- Chapter 10. Media and Election Disputes in Nigeria -- Chapter 11. Governance, Security and Development Nexus in Galkayo, Somalia: A New Approach to Explaining Somalia’s Chronic Instability -- Chapter 12. Ceasefire arrangements as pre-conditions for independence in Southern Africa: implications for land conflicts in Zimbabwe and South Africa -- Chapter 13. The Security Sector in Zimbabwe’s Diamond Governance (2006-2015) -- Chapter 14. Ethnic Federalism, Exclusionary Self-Determination Rights, and Conflicts in Ethiopia: Consociational Democracy as an Alternative Approach to Peace and security -- Chapter 15. Somaliland’s Plural Justice System and its Influence on Peacebuilding and Development -- Chapter 16. Exploring the impact of women’s organizations in peacebuilding in South Sudan: Post-independence progress -- Chapter 17. Gender-based violence in South Africa: The second pandemic? -- Chapter 18. A Reflection on Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria -- Chapter 19. Food security as a new frontier of war: A geo-historical perspective of food security and armed conflict in sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 20. IGAD and the Quest for Economic and Security Regionalism -- Chapter 21. Ethnic Federalism, Exclusionary Self-Determination Rights, and Conflict in Ethiopia: Consociational Democracy as an Alternative Approach to Peace and Security.
    Abstract: This edited volume reflects on some of the important discussions on the trends of governance, conflict and security in Africa. It explores some of the emerging concerns and offers a holistic understanding of the remote and immediate causes of the conflict and how the neo-colonial African states have been structured in a manner that makes violent conflict inevitable. The book thereby provides an overview of Africa’s security challenges and proffers some sustainable policy options for curtailing lawlessness and armed conflict on the continent. Literature is exhaustive about the nexus between governance, peace, and security; however, discourse on the impact of ‘new’ conflict on governance has been scant. Understanding these new trends has become a necessity and precondition for sustainable development, as reflected in both the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063 and the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Adeoye O. Akinola is Head of Research and Teaching at the Institute for Pan-African Thought and Conversation, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9789819913350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 384 p. 50 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Peace. ; Security, International. ; Middle East ; Africa ; Terrorism. ; Political violence. ; Human rights. ; Staat ; Politisches System ; Miliz ; Governance ; Institution ; Entstehung ; Regierung ; Politischer Konflikt ; Innenpolitik ; Naher Osten ; Mittlerer Osten ; Nordafrika
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Rebel Statehood: Wartime Rebel Governance and the Sub-national Identity in Syria -- Chapter 3: The state in Idlib: Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham and complexity amid the Syrian Civil War -- Chapter 4: The Propagandistic Use of Rebel Governance: The Case of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq -- Chapter 5: Competitive Rebel Governance in Syria -- Chapter 6: Hezbollah's Relation with Iran: The Proxy-Ally Debate and Wilayat al-Faqih’s Impact on Hezbollah’s Nature, Governance, and Legitimacy -- Chapter 7: Ruling Without Responsibility: Badr Organization, Asaʿib Ahl al-Haq, and Kataʿib Hezbollah after defeating ISIS in Iraq -- Chapter 8: Rebel Governance Between Ideology and Pragmatism: al-Qaʿida in Yemen in 2011-2012 and in 2015-2016 -- Chapter 9: Libya after Qaddafi: Are Tribes always Rebels? -- Chapter 10: Not Rebel Governance? Hamas’s Rule -- Chapter 11: Competing to Govern: Opportunities and regime responsiveness to civilian protests during the Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan -- Chapter 12: Prosecuting Rebels for International Crimes.
    Abstract: This book uses the cases of Syrian factions in rebel-held areas, Hamas in the Gaza Strip, Houthi in Yemen, rebels in Libya, Taliban in Afghanistan, In Iraq, and Somalia to explain the importance of examining genealogies tribalism, common local knowledge and social networks in understanding the institutionalisation of armed group governance systems. The book provides a series of studies employing heterogenous methodological approaches to address the issue using qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. The proposed project also attempts to move away from the central debate on the national political crisis trend by examining the sub-national level patterns and assessing various factors and questions that bring about clear answers regarding how de-facto rulers use tribes and tribal informal institutions to sustain their presence and create a safe social incubator. Abdalhadi Alijla is a social and political scientist and science advocate. He is the 2021 International Political Science Association Global South Award. He is the Co-Leader of Global Migration and Human Rights at Global Young Academy. He is a co-founder of Palestine Young Academy in 2020. He is an Associate Researcher and the Regional Manager of Varieties of Democracy Institute (Gothenburg University) for Gulf countries. He is a Post-doctoral fellow at the Orient Institute in Beirut (OIB). Ibrahim Fraihat is an associate professor in international conflict resolution at the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies and non-resident fellow at Deakin University’s Middle East Studies Forum in Australia. He previously served as senior foreign policy fellow at the Brookings Institution, and taught conflict resolution at Georgetown University and George Washington University. His latest book publications include: Iran and Saudi Arabia: Taming a Chaotic Conflict (Edinburgh University Press, 2020), Unfinished Revolutions: Yemen, Libya, and Tunisia after the Arab Spring (Yale University Press, 2016). Dr. Fraihat has published extensively on Middle East politics, with articles appearing in The New York Times, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Huffington Post, Al Jazeera websites, and elsewhere. Fraihat received a doctorate in conflict analysis and resolution from George Mason University in 2006. He is the recipient of George Mason University's Distinguished Alumni Award (2014) for his achievements in the field of conflict resolution.i_fraihat.
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783030930721
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 402 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Environmental sciences—Social aspects. ; Human geography. ; Sociology, Urban. ; Urban policy. ; Sustainability. ; Food security. ; Environmental sciences ; Stadt ; Ernährungssicherung ; Lebensmittelversorgung ; Schattenwirtschaft ; Governance ; Stadtplanung ; Subsaharisches Afrika
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: African Secondary City Food Systems in Context -- Part 1: Food System Actors, Concepts and Governance -- 2. Understanding Secondary City Typologies: A Food Governance Lens -- 3. Practice Theory and Informal Urban Livelihoods in M’Bour, Senegal: A Case Study of Urban Cultivation -- 4. Co-Productive Urban Planning: Protecting and Expanding Food Security in Uganda’s Secondary Cities -- 5. The Role of the Informal Sector in Epworth’s Food System, Zimbabwe -- 6. The Enabling Environment for Informal Food Traders in Nigeria’s Secondary Cities -- 7. Secondary Cities and Urban Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Part 2: Food Security, Poverty & Livelihoods -- 8. Spatial Characteristics of Urban Food Systems and Food Retailers in Smaller Urban Areas -- 9. Food Insecurity, Food Sourcing and Food Coping Strategies in the O-O-O Urban Corridor, Namibia -- 10. Analysing Diet Composition and Food Insecurity by Socio-Economic Status in Secondary African Cities -- 11. Household Dietary Patterns and Food Security Challenges in Peri-Urban South Africa: A Reflection of High Unemployment in the Wake of Rising Food Prices -- 12. “We eat everyday but I’m perpetually hungry”: Interrogating Food System Transformation and (Forced) Dietary Changes in Tamale, Ghana -- 13. Understanding Food Security and Hunger in Xai-Xai, Mozambique -- Part 3: Environments, Linkages and Mobilities -- 14. Hunger in an Agricultural City: Exploring Vulnerability in Dschang, Cameroon -- 15. Non-Timber Forest Products in Cameroon’s Food System and the Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in Dschang -- 16. Accessibility of Sanitary Facilities Among Food Sellers in African Secondary Cities: Implications for Food Safety and Urban Planning Policies -- 17. Migrant Remittances and Household Food Security in Mzuzu, Malawi -- 18. Rural-Urban Migrants in Mzuzu’s Informal Food Trading System -- 19. Rent as Ransom: Lodging and Food Security in Gweru, Zimbabwe. .
    Abstract: Countries across Africa are rapidly transitioning from rural to urban societies. The UN projects that 60% of people living in Africa will be in urban areas by 2050, with the urban population on the continent tripling over the next 50 years. The challenge of building inclusive and sustainable cities in the context of rapid urbanization is arguably the critical development issue of the 21st Century and creating food secure cities is key to promoting health, prosperity, equity, and ecological sustainability. The expansion of Africa’s urban population is taking place largely in secondary cities: these are broadly defined as cities with fewer than half a million people that are not national political or economic centres. The implications of secondary urbanization have recently been described by the Cities Alliance as “a real knowledge gap”, requiring much additional research not least because it poses new intellectual challenges for academic researchers and governance challenges for policy-makers. International researchers coming from multiple points of view including food studies, urban studies, and sustainability studies, are starting to heed the call for further research into the implications for food security of rapidly growing secondary cities in Africa. This book will combine this research and feature comparable case studies, intersecting trends, and shed light on broad concepts including governance, sustainability, health, economic development, and inclusivity. Jonathan Crush is University Research Professor at Wilfrid Laurier University and Professor Extraordinary at the University of the Western Cape in South Africa. He obtained his first degree at Cambridge University and his M.A. at Laurier and Ph.D. at Queen’s University. He has taught at the National University of Lesotho, the University of Alberta and Queen’s University and has published extensively on African development, migration and food security. He is currently Director of the Hungry Cities Partnership, a global network focused on the governance of urban food systems under conditions of rapid urbanization. Dr Liam Riley works on several inter-related projects investigating food security and food systems in Africa’s rapidly growing cities. He holds a PhD (2013) and MA (2008) in Geography from Western University in London, Canada and a BA (2003) in East Asian Studies and African Studies from McGill University. Liam held a SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellowship (2014-2016) and Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship (2016-2019) at the BSIA at Wilfrid Laurier University where he is currently an Adjunct Faculty member. His work is rooted in fieldwork in Malawi, Cameroon, South Africa, and Botswana that uses a host of qualitative and quantitative research methods to investigate gendered household food strategies in urban Africa and the political economic dimensions of urban food security as a development challenge.
    Note: Open Access
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    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658395650
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 154 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: (Re-)konstruktionen - Internationale und Globale Studien
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: International economic relations. ; Political sociology. ; Environmental policy. ; Bergbau ; Kleingewerbe ; Gold ; Umweltschaden ; Umweltschutz ; Rekultivierung ; Governance ; Regulierung ; Ghana
    Abstract: Introduction -- Literature Review: Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) -- Research Context - Ghana -- Methodology -- The land reclamation processes and the mutually beneficial consequences to local mining communities -- Water quality management at OMCL -- Working conditions and labour relations at OMCL -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: Scholarship on artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) has often portrayed mining regions as ‘informal’ zones that suffer from environmental degradation problems. Water pollution and degraded landscapes, for example, have long been noted as the inevitable consequence of the operations of ASM. Such insistence on the institutional absences of ASM zones has dovetailed with a lack of academic attention to some of the ‘golden’ mining practices taking place there. Thus, this work seeks to (re)examine the topic of ‘development’ in ASM. The findings suggest that small-scale miners, contrary to popular perception, could be caretakers of the environment. In addition, emphasizing how the dynamic interplay between resources and environmental demands may come to support public policy, the findings illustrate, contrary to the dominant narrative, how the activities of small-scale mining operators can engender a win-win situation for both mining companies and local mining communities. About the author George Okyere Ofosu completed his PhD work at Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. He is currently employed at Brunel University, London. His research interest spans across the broad areas of the extractive industry and international business in emerging markets.
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Okunogbe, Oyebola How Can Lower-Income Countries Collect More Taxes? The Role of Technology, Tax Agents, and Politics
    Keywords: E-Government ; Governance ; Information Technology ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy of Taxation ; TAC Administration ; Tax Law ; Tax Officials ; Tax Revenue ; Tax To GDP Ratio ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper examines recent evidence on tax administration interventions aimed at increasing tax revenues in lower-income countries. It focuses on two major themes: the use of new information technology tools--for identifying taxable entities, verifying tax liabilities, and ensuring collection of liabilities--and how the deployment and incentives of tax officials shape their performance. The paper discusses the promise and pitfalls of interventions in these two areas and the strategic interactions between them. Lastly, it emphasizes the importance of political incentives and considers the conditions under which governments choose to invest in tax capacity and expand tax collection
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Anukriti, S Can Effective Policy Implementation Alter Political Selection? Evidence from Female Legislators in India
    Keywords: DPEP ; Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance ; Election Gender Bias ; Female Leaders ; Female Legislator Selection ; Gender ; Gender and Governance ; Governance ; Leader Competence ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Selection
    Abstract: Can effective policy implementation change political selection by inducing voters to prioritize leader competence over other traits, such as gender This paper answers this question by examining the impact of a successful school-expansion program on the likelihood of women being elected to state legislatures in India. The paper shows that the program increased voter prioritization of leader competence over gender, boosting the share of women among candidates and state parliamentarians and the overall capability of elected officials. These findings are consistent with the predictions of a model of candidate self-selection where voters trade off candidate competence with their bias against female leaders
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    ISBN: 9780691236100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Princeton studies in political behavior 38
    Keywords: Migration, Internal ; Representative government and representation ; Marginality, Social Political aspects ; Slums Political aspects ; Urban poor Political activity ; Political participation ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / Campaigns & Elections ; India Politics and government ; Abolitionism ; Accountant ; Accra ; Almoner ; Amendment ; Apprenticeship ; At-will employment ; Autarky ; Autocracy ; Azim Premji University ; Barbarian ; Bharatiya Janata Party ; Bribery ; Bureaucracy ; Bureaucrat ; Business Standard ; Capitalism ; Career ; Chairman ; Clientelism ; Competition ; Contentious politics ; Cost–benefit analysis ; Customer ; Dividend ; Economic Life ; Economic Theory (journal) ; Economic problem ; Electoral district ; Emergence ; Employment ; Ethnography ; Financier ; Gang ; Governance ; Gram panchayat ; Grassroots Party ; Identity document ; Identity politics ; Incumbent ; Jacksonian democracy ; Jati ; Jhunjhunu district ; Laborer ; Labour law ; Legislator ; Localism (politics) ; Mahatma Gandhi ; Market economy ; Nagar (princely state) ; Of Education ; Opinion poll ; Party system ; Payment ; People Power (Hong Kong) ; Peronism ; Political campaign ; Political climate ; Political machine ; Political myth ; Political party ; Political philosophy ; Political science ; Politician ; Politics of India ; Politics ; Predatory lending ; Preference (economics) ; Procurement ; Profit motive ; Profiteering (business) ; Racial hierarchy ; Racism ; Radicalism (historical) ; Regionalism (politics) ; Remainder (law) ; Rent-seeking ; Reputation ; Requirement ; Respondent ; Revenue ; Rochdale Principles ; Salary ; Service Tax ; Shopkeeper ; Slavery ; Slum ; Social Darwinism ; Social transformation ; State government ; Stationery ; Supply (economics) ; Survey methodology ; Tariff ; Trade-off ; Voting ; Whigs (British political party) ; Workforce ; Working class ; Workplace
    Abstract: How poor migrants shape city politics during urbanizationAs the Global South rapidly urbanizes, millions of people have migrated from the countryside to urban slums, which now house one billion people worldwide. The transformative potential of urbanization hinges on whether and how poor migrants are integrated into city politics. Popular and scholarly accounts paint migrant slums as exhausted by dispossession, subdued by local dons, bought off by wily politicians, or polarized by ethnic appeals. Migrants and Machine Politics shows how slum residents in India routinely defy such portrayals, actively constructing and wielding political machine networks to demand important, albeit imperfect, representation and responsiveness within the country’s expanding cities.Drawing on years of pioneering fieldwork in India’s slums, including ethnographic observation, interviews, surveys, and experiments, Adam Michael Auerbach and Tariq Thachil reveal how migrants harness forces of political competition—as residents, voters, community leaders, and party workers—to sow unexpected seeds of accountability within city politics. This multifaceted agency provokes new questions about how political networks form during urbanization. In answering these questions, this book overturns longstanding assumptions about how political machines exploit the urban poor to stifle competition, foster ethnic favoritism, and entrench vote buying.By documenting how poor migrants actively shape urban politics in counterintuitive ways, Migrants and Machine Politics sheds new light on the political consequences of urbanization across India and the Global South
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Cover
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  • 74
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides good-practice guidelines for parliamentary budget officials and independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) that estimate the costs of policy proposals. It covers topics including which costs to capture, how to handle behavioural responses and macroeconomic feedback, how to communicate results, and how to work with stakeholders. It also contains a section on the special considerations for costing election platforms.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264920811 , 9789264744929 , 9789264777958
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (344 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Přehled o stavu veřejné správy: Česká Republika: Česká republika na cestě k modernější a efektivnější veřejné správě
    Keywords: Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Reform ; Tschechien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The OECD Public Governance Review of the Czech Republic identifies priority governance areas for reform in the Czech Republic and offers recommendations to strengthen the effectiveness, agility and responsiveness of the country’s public sector. The review first provides a snapshot on the effectiveness of the public administration and its capacity to address contemporary governance challenges, such as digitalisation and climate change. It then analyses a number of critical and priority public governance areas including citizen engagement, centre-of-government-led co-ordination and strategic planning, evidence-informed policy making in the Czech public administration, public administration at the local and regional level, human resources management in the public administration, and digital government. It also includes a case study on governance arrangements and regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review provides recommendations for the Czech public administration to help it implement its Public Administration Reform Strategy: Client-oriented Public Administration 2030 (PAR), achieve the objectives of the PAR, and, ultimately, realise its longer-term sustainable development vision and commitments.
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  • 76
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264385801 , 9789264710856 , 9789264851085
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Evaluation is the foundation of evidence-based policy. Yet there is a dearth of reliable impact evaluation in the area of SME and entrepreneurship policy. This publication issues OECD guidance on how governments can promote reliable SME and entrepreneurship policy evaluation. It emphasises practices including using control groups, setting clear policy objectives and targets and accounting for business survival and non-survival. It shows that reliable evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policy is increasingly accessible given improvements in data and techniques in recent years and illustrates this with examples of 50 reliable evaluations across many SME and entrepreneurship policy areas and 28 OECD countries. Overall, the publication issues a call for more systematic and reliable evaluation of SME and entrepreneurship policies following the guidance offered. The publication also examines the findings of reliable evaluations internationally, including meta evaluations. The evidence is mixed but generally more robust and consistent for policies to improve access to finance than in the provision of training and advisory services. Some policies have positive impacts on key measures whereas others do not. The reasons are explored, including variations in the targeting of policies and in policy delivery approaches.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SIGMA Papers no.66
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Kosovo ; Montenegro ; North Macedonia ; Serbia
    Abstract: Subnational governments play a significant role in ensuring good public governance. The way that they are organised and function has a direct impact on the economic and social well-being of citizens and public trust in government. This report presents the system of multi-level government in the six Western Balkan economies, comparing them both with one another and in the context of broader international trends in multi-level governance. The report covers territorial and institutional organisation, competences of local governments, human resources and accountability, public financial management and vertical and horizontal co-ordination, in each case identifying key characteristics and recent trends.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.27
    Keywords: Vertrauen ; Glaubwürdigkeit ; Regierung ; Governance-Ansatz ; Portugal ; Governance ; Portugal
    Abstract: This paper builds on the results of the OECD Trust Survey in Portugal to identify the main areas for improvement and guidelines for action to help Portugal reinforce trust and democracy and enhance public governance to address future challenges. The Portuguese government’s response to the COVID-19 crisis drew on lessons learned from previous crises, notably the plunge in public trust after the 2008 financial crisis and the subsequent economic austerity measures which shook the political system and considerably impacted economic and social well-being. Public trust has traditionally been heralded as crucial for public governance. However, to build resilience in the face of multiple social, economic and environmental crises, Portugal will need to set public trust as an explicit policy objective and better understand what drives it. Investments in building a competent and trusted civil service will also be needed to develop more responsive and better-informed policy responses.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Legislatures’ “power of the purse”, the ability to tax and spend public money, is enshrined in constitutions worldwide as a cornerstone of legislative power in democratic countries. Their role across the budget cycle is a fundamentally important national concern, lying at the heart of issues such as transparency, inclusiveness and democratic accountability. Despite different historical, constitutional, and political contexts, common features for parliaments to play an effective role in budgeting have emerged from experiences across OECD countries.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264468641 , 9789264737341 , 9789264569751
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Governance of Regulators
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Informe sobre avances del Organismo Supervisor de Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones de Perú : Impulsando el desempeño
    Keywords: Organismo Supervisor de Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones ; Aufsichtsbehörde ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Telekommunikationsrecht ; Governance ; Peru
    Abstract: Regulators act as “market referees”, balancing often competing interests of stakeholders, including governments, current and future actors in the markets, and consumers. At the same time, markets are changing at an unprecedented pace due to new technologies, the international drive toward carbon-neutral economies, shifts in consumer needs and preferences, and, more recently, the profound changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. Assessing the performance of economic regulators must therefore be a continuous effort. This progress review evaluates the changes put in place by Peru’s telecommunications regulator, OSIPTEL, since the previous OECD performance assessment review in 2018, in the interest of increasing the effectiveness of its regulatory activities and improving final outcomes for consumers and the economy.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264816114 , 9789264754485 , 9789264357204
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Building Trust in Public Institutions
    Keywords: Vertrauen ; Regierung ; Politische Kultur ; Governance-Ansatz ; Neuseeland ; Governance ; New Zealand
    Abstract: In New Zealand, the government’s response to the COVID-19 crisis is considered effective as it protected people’s lives with limited disruption to society and the economy. A key factor in achieving these results was a focus on collective goals, grounded in the high-trust relationship that exists between New Zealanders and their public institutions. Still, high levels of trust should not be taken for granted. As new challenges emerge and old ones reappear, people in New Zealand expect the government to build on the lessons from the pandemic to improve service delivery and the resilience of public institutions. This report provides recommendations for further strengthening trust, including making public services more responsive, integrating long-term thinking into policy making, countering the spread of mis- and disinformation and reinforcing New Zealand’s integrity system.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264779563 , 9789264963900 , 9789264706507
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: This report presents a case study of applying the OECD anticipatory innovation governance framework to develop and manage anticipatory innovation ecosystems as vehicles for knowledge generation, innovation governance and co-ordinated action to achieve policy goals. Part I establishes the case for anticipatory innovation ecosystems and sets out how they can be governed through a multi-level approach. In Part II, opportunities and challenges for applying this approach in the Latvian context are identified, and recommendations are made for developing anticipatory innovation ecosystems in Latvia.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264741928 , 9789264794856 , 9789264382428
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (217 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Keywords: Governance ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Le Scan de l’espace civique en Tunisie propose une analyse en profondeur des cadres légaux, de politiques publiques, et institutionnels ainsi que des pratiques sous-tendant l’espace civique et nécessaires aux acteurs non-gouvernementaux pour accéder à l’information, s’exprimer, s’associer, s’organiser et participer à la vie publique. Le Scan évalue les quatre dimensions clés de l’espace civique : les droits et libertés publics ; les droits et libertés numériques et des médias ; l’environnement opérationnel des organisations de la société civile ; et la participation civique à l’élaboration des politiques publiques et à la prise de décisions. Il adopte une perspective de long terme pour dresser un bilan des progrès réalisés au cours des dix dernières années, identifier les défis restants, et proposer des recommandations opérationnelles pour renforcer l’espace civique comme précondition aux réformes du gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264705340 , 9789264739628 , 9789264717015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Industrie ; Industriegeographie ; Klimaneutralität ; Europa ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Governance
    Abstract: Some manufacturing activities are among the most difficult human activities to make climate neutral and they are typically regionally concentrated. Across Europe these regions are often socioeconomically relatively weak. Yet these sectors provide relatively well-paid jobs in many of these regions. Some of these regions may also have more difficult access to infrastructure to provide the hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and zero-emission freight, which can be important to some of these activities. Industrial transitions to climate neutrality therefore have regional development implications. Since regions differ in their socio-economic conditions, understanding these regional development implications will help policy makers prepare a just transition. This publication identifies manufacturing activities that are particularly difficult to decarbonise and the transformations they require. It shows how these activities are distributed across European regions, focusing on employment at emission-intensive production locations. It identifies conditions for getting access to needed infrastructure and how access conditions differ across regions. It investigates the socio-economic vulnerabilities of affected regions, their manufacturing businesses and workers. In some regions, workers and firms may be particularly vulnerable, for example, because of low-skill jobs, type of employment contract or low productivity.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.42
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Geldpolitik ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Länderfinanzen ; Kriegsfolgen ; Energiepreis ; Inflation ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Less than two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s illegal, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of aggression against Ukraine has triggered the biggest military confrontation in Europe since World War II. Many OECD countries have reacted to Russia’s aggression by providing military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine and by imposing economic sanctions on Russia, which has accentuated supply chain disruptions, especially in the energy sector. A combination of these supply shocks with a demand shock caused by expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to tackle the pandemic has created inflationary pressures on a scale not seen in decades. Central banks around the world are acting to fulfil their price stability mandates by increasing interest rates and by engaging in quantitative tightening (primarily the selling of government bonds to reduce central bank balance sheets), all of which put pressure on borrowing costs at a time when governments are engaging in expansionary fiscal policy to alleviate the impact of inflation. The objective of this policy note is to examine the main consequences of this challenging environment for the fiscal stance of different levels of governments. These include the weakening outlook for government revenues in times of high expenditure pressures from a more rapid energy transition as well as high borrowing costs.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264658714 , 9789264806764 , 9789264682603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Inklusives Wachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Japan ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: The report Measuring Progress towards Inclusive and Sustainable Growth in Japan is the outcome of a collaboration with the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry which aims to monitor progress in key areas crucial to realising the Japanese government’s vision for a “New Form of Capitalism”. Building on the OECD Framework for Policy Action on Inclusive Growth, the report includes a set of key indicators to support measures for the government to deliver on its vision as well as inform on best practices in other major advanced economies. A central message is that creating the equality of opportunity in Japan requires a balanced approach of taking both efficiency and equity concerns into account. The report presents the main dynamics for policy consideration to strengthen sustainability of the Japanese growth model, with due attention paid to specific issues that matter for different groups of Japanese population. Underpinned by rigorous statistical analysis at a sufficiently disaggregated level, the report helps to better understand some of the main drivers of well-being and economic success in Japan.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264534643
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide OCDE-FAO pour des filières agricoles responsables
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Руководство ОЭСР-ФАО по ответственным производственно-сбытовым цепочкам в сфере сельского хозяйства
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guia OCDE-FAO para Cadeias de Fornecimento Responsáveis no setor agrícola
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guía OCDE-FAO para las cadenas de suministro responsable en el sector agrícola
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD/FAO-Leitfaden für verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Lieferketten
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe توجيهات منظمة التعاون والتنمية في الميدان الاقتصادي ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة بشأن سلاسل الإمدادات الزراعية المسؤولة
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance
    Abstract: OECD dan FAO telah mengembangkan Panduan ini untuk membantu perusahaan mematuhi standar perilaku bisnis yang bertanggung jawab dan melakukan uji tuntas di sepanjang rantai pemasok agrikultura untuk memastikan bahwa operasi mereka berkontribusi pada pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pedoman tersebut terdiri dari: • Model kebijakan perusahaan yang menguraikan standar yang harus dipatuhi oleh perusahaan untuk menciptakan rantai pemasok agrikultura yang bertanggung jawab. • Kerangka kerja untuk uji tuntas yang menjabarkan lima langkah yang harus diikuti oleh perusahaan untuk mengidentifikasi, menilai, memitigasi, dan menjelaskan cara mengatasi dampak merugikan dari aktivitas mereka. • Uraian risiko utama yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan dan tindakan untuk memitigasi risiko ini. • Panduan untuk berinteraksi dengan penduduk asli.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264758193 , 9789264555716 , 9789264464360
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (528 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of El Salvador: Strategic Priorities for Robust, Inclusive and Sustainable Development
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Development ; El Salvador
    Abstract: El Salvador ha consolidado importantes avances en su desarrollo en los últimos 30 años. El fin de la guerra civil en 1992 señaló el establecimiento de una democracia liberal y de un modelo de desarrollo abierto basado en la exportación, que contribuyó a reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad. Sin embargo, el modelo de la posguerra no ha generado el dinamismo económico o los puestos de trabajo que el país necesita. El crecimiento económico fue moderado en los años previos a la pandemia de COVID-19, promediando 2.4%, y la productividad creció al 0.1% durante la pasada década. Para impulsar un desarrollo más sólido, inclusivo y sostenible son necesarias acciones decisivas. Basándose en un análisis multidimensional del desarrollo en El Salvador este informe plantea cuatro recomendaciones prioritarias: 1) sentar las condiciones para la transformación productiva y la modernización de la economía; 2) aumentar la cantidad, calidad y pertinencia de la educación; 3) gestionar mejor los recursos hídricos para llevar agua y saneamiento a todos de manera sostenible; y 4) modernizar el Estado para que pueda generar bienes públicos clave – desde la seguridad ciudadana a la educación o la salud – de manera eficaz, y conducir el país hacia la próxima etapa de su desarrollo.
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  • 89
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Strengthening the attractiveness of the public service in France: Towards a territorial approach
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; France
    Abstract: Un nombre croissant de pays membres de l’OCDE fait face à un défi d’attractivité de leur fonction publique, et ce, alors même que la gestion des politiques publiques, de plus en plus complexe, requiert de nouvelles compétences. Ce document cherche à identifier les facteurs d’attractivité de la fonction publique dans les régions françaises et à travers les pays membres de l’Union européenne, notamment dans un contexte de grandes tendances de l’emploi public en constante évolution. Le premier chapitre vise à éclairer le diagnostic d’attractivité de la fonction publique d’État dans les territoires français, par le biais d’un focus principalement qualitatif sur quatre régions (Grand Est, Hauts-de-France, Île-de-France, Normandie) confrontées, en tout ou partie, à des difficultés pour attirer, recruter et fidéliser leurs agents publics. Le second chapitre, au-delà d’une meilleure compréhension des grandes tendances affectant l’emploi public à travers l’Union européenne et les pays membres de l’OCDE et des implications pour la fonction Ressources Humaines (RH), explore les mesures mises en œuvre par d’autres administrations des pays membres de l’OCDE ainsi que dans le secteur privé pour développer ou adapter leurs politiques de ressources humaines afin de mieux planifier les efforts d’attractivité.
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.29
    Keywords: Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Coronavirus ; Wirkungsanalyse ; EU-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis was a significant stress test for public administrations, challenging - like never before - the capacity of public sector organisations to respond to emergencies while achieving their goals and priorities. It also provided a unique learning opportunity, as public sector organisations adapted to new circumstances and permanently changed the way they interacted, operated, and delivered services. This policy paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the responses and adaptations of public sector organisations to the COVID-19 crisis, with a focus on 11 EU Member States (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain). It assesses the resilience of public sector organisations through the lens of the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) model, a quality management tool used across EU Member States and beyond to self-evaluate organisational operations and performance.
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.59
    Keywords: Infrastrukturpolitik ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: The governance of infrastructure can affect how and whether infrastructure projects achieve desired outcomes and contribute to wider policy goals. This paper presents the conceptual framework, design and methodology of the OECD Infrastructure Governance Indicators (IGIs). The IGIs support the implementation and monitoring of the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Infrastructure. This paper also describes the key findings from the first set of IGIs, which cover three areas: long-term strategic vision for infrastructure; fiscal sustainability, affordability and value for money; and efficient and effective public procurement. It identifies the governance dimensions that are well developed across OECD countries and those that require improvements under each of the three areas.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264611122 , 9789264862807 , 9789264950474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Anti-Korruption ; Korruption ; Rumänien ; Governance ; Romania
    Abstract: This report assesses Romania’s efforts to strengthen its integrity and anti-corruption system. It looks at the achievements of the 2021-2025 National Anticorruption Strategy (NAS) as well as the challenges that remain, including addressing structural issues such as political engagement, the role and placement of ethics offices and the design and review of integrity plans. The report provides recommendations for mainstreaming central government integrity policies into practical and concrete actions at the sectoral level, with a view to improving implementation of the 2021-2025 NAS as well as future strategies.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264498327 , 9789264845107 , 9789264331891
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (151 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Tschechien ; Governance ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: Despite recent progress to improve gender equality in the Czech Republic, several gender gaps persist in different areas of the society and economy. Based on growing evidence on how gender-sensitive policymaking can underpin inclusive growth and resilience, this OECD review has been developed to help the government of the Czech Republic strengthen its capacities for implementing and mainstreaming gender equality across the whole of government. It assesses strategic enablers such as legal and strategic frameworks, the institutional set-up, and accountability mechanisms for gender mainstreaming in the country. It also examines the tools and practices that can be used to inform gender-sensitive policymaking in the Czech Republic. Drawing upon promising practices across OECD countries, it offers evidence-informed recommendations, tailored to the Czech context to improve governance and capacities for accelerating progress in gender equality.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This paper outlines key issues and provides insights to government leaders looking to design and implement initiatives that require joint working across public agencies. The first part of this paper defines key concepts and explores the benefits and related costs of cross-agency initiatives. The second discusses various contextual elements that need to be considered when making decisions about how to design cross-agency initiatives, including the nature of the objectives, the systems of government, and relationships among potential partners. The third section looks at different models across four fundamental elements: governance; people (team support), funding, and performance monitoring. The final section looks at some of the main systemic elements that can support cross-agency initiatives success.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264594296 , 9789264345478 , 9789264689268
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Budgeting in OECD Countries 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: Ce rapport donne un aperçu des pratiques de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays de l'OCDE, sur la base de l'enquête de 2022 de l'OCDE sur la budgétisation sensible au genre ainsi que sur les éléments recueillis dans le cadre des enquêtes précédentes menées en 2016 et 2018. Il fait le point sur les progrès réalisés par les pays dans l'élaboration d'une approche efficace et durable de la budgétisation sensible au genre et examine les défis et les projets pour la poursuite du développement de la budgétisation sensible au genre. Des études de cas par pays mettent en lumière la budgétisation sensible au genre dans la pratique. Le rapport présente également l'indice 2022 de l'OCDE sur la budgétisation sensible au genre, qui compare la mise en œuvre de la budgétisation sensible au genre dans cinq domaines clés : 1) les dispositifs institutionnels et stratégiques ; 2) les méthodes et outils ; 3) l'environnement propice ; 4) la redevabilité et la transparence ; et 5) l'impact.
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  • 97
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Enhancing international partnership and co-operation in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Governance ; France ; Italy ; Spain
    Abstract: La cooperazione internazionale allo sviluppo sta transitando da un modello tradizionale incentrato sullo scambio unilaterale tra donatore e beneficiario a un approccio fondato sul partenariato, che sempre più spesso coinvolge anche regioni e città. Il Friuli Venezia Giulia, una piccola regione dell'Italia nord-orientale che gode di un'ampia autonomia politica, è attivo da tempo nella cooperazione internazionale e ambisce a ottenere maggiori benefici dalle sue iniziative, sia per la comunità regionale che per i partner con cui coopera a livello internazionale. Questo studio analizza la sua strategia sul partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale e propone raccomandazioni per un suo rafforzamento. Tra queste spicca l'invito a concentrare le risorse su iniziative che sfruttino le aree di specializzazione regionale per ottenere un maggiore impatto nei paesi partner e a livello locale.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.159
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: This document reports on the final output of the OECD microBeRD+ project. Drawing on the outcomes of previous work, this study presents new evidence on the impact of business R&D support policies – tax incentives and direct forms of support – on business R&D investment (R&D input additionality) and the innovation and economic performance of firms (R&D output additionality). The report also provides an exploratory analysis of R&D spillovers.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.4
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Risiko ; Definition ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers tremendous benefits but also poses risks. Some of these risks have materialised into what are known as "AI incidents". Due to the widespread use of AI in various sectors, a surge in such incidents can be expected. To effectively monitor and prevent these risks, stakeholders need a precise yet adaptable definition of AI incidents. This report presents research and findings on terminology and practices related to incident definitions, encompassing both AI-specific and cross-disciplinary contexts. It establishes a knowledge base for identifying commonalities and encouraging the development of AI-specific adaptations in the future.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.35
    Keywords: Öffentliche Investition ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung ; Irland ; Environment ; Governance ; Ireland
    Abstract: Infrastructure is an essential consideration when it comes to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. It plays a pivotal role in achieving climate neutrality and resilience but is also susceptible to certain risks. As infrastructure has a long lifespan, it is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change over time. Poor planning and management of infrastructure assets can also increase dependency on fossil fuels and lock in climate risks. It is thus important that infrastructure is implemented in a way that helps address environmental and climate challenges. Developing effective strategies to meet environmental and climate objectives is one of the main priorities of the Irish Government. Project Ireland 2040 offers a unique opportunity to ensure that infrastructure investments support climate mitigation and adaptation efforts. Building on this impetus, the OECD has provided technical support to the Irish Government to strengthen climate and environmental considerations in its public infrastructure decision making process. This policy paper sets out a detailed overview of infrastructure planning, project appraisal and budgeting practice in Ireland, and identifies challenges and opportunities for environmental and climate considerations.
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