Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • 2005-2009  (166)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (166)
  • International Economics & Trade  (91)
  • Financial Literacy  (87)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Patterns of Export Diversification In Developing Countries : Intensive And Extensive Margins (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Amurgo-Pacheco, Alberto Patterns of Export Diversification In Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Econometric Analysis ; Economic Structure ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export Growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Future Research ; GDP ; Industrialization ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Underestimates ; Econometric Analysis ; Economic Structure ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export Growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Future Research ; GDP ; Industrialization ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Underestimates ; Econometric Analysis ; Economic Structure ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export Growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Future Research ; GDP ; Industrialization ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Underestimates
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses highly disaggregated trade data to investigate geographic and product diversification patterns across a group of developing nations for the period from 1990 to 2005. The econometric investigation shows that the gravity equation fits the observed differences in diversification across nations. The analysis shows that exports at the intensive margin account for the most important share of overall trade growth. At the extensive margin, geographic diversification is more important than product diversification, especially for developing countries. Taking part in free trade agreements, thereby reducing trade costs, and trading with countries in the North are also found to have positive impacts on export diversification for developing countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How Sensitive Are Latin American Exports To Chinese Competition In The U.S. Market? (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Lopez-Cordova, J. Ernesto How Sensitive Are Latin American Exports To Chinese Competition In The U.S. Market?
    Schlagwort(e): Comparative advantage ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Elasticity of substitution ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forecasts ; Free Trade ; Free trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Low tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Trade Policy ; Trade policy ; Comparative advantage ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Elasticity of substitution ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forecasts ; Free Trade ; Free trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Low tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Trade Policy ; Trade policy ; Comparative advantage ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Elasticity of substitution ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forecasts ; Free Trade ; Free trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Low tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Trade Policy ; Trade policy
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates the elasticity of substitution of U.S. imports using detailed trade data over the 1990-2003 period. The authors use a two-stage least squares framework in order to identify the elasticity parameter of interest. The authors use the elasticity estimates to assess the extent to which Latin American and Chinese goods compete in the U.S. market by providing forecasts of how alternative policy scenarios may affect exports to the United States. The analysis considers the following scenarios: (i) currency revaluation in China; (ii) elimination of U.S. tariffs on Latin American exports under a hemispheric free trade agreement; and (iii) the elimination of quotas on apparel and textile exports under the Multi-Fiber Agreement. The findings show that a 20-percent appreciation of the renminbi reduces Chinese exports to the United States by a fifth, although since other regions increase sales to that market (0.5 percent for Latin America), U.S. imports decline by only 1.7 percent. Hemispheric free trade would increase Latin America's exports to the United States by around 3 percent. The removal of the quotas would lead to a sharp increase in Chinese sales to the United States (40 percent), but Latin America would see its share of the U.S. market decline by around 2 percent (2.5 percentage points). China's gains would come mainly at the expense of other regions of the world
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Integration of Markets Vs. Integration By Agreements (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Aminian, Nathalie Integration of Markets Vs. Integration By Agreements
    Schlagwort(e): Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Policy ReseaRch ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Agreements ; Regional integration ; Regional trade ; Regional trade agreements ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade policy ; Treaties ; World Trade Organization ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Policy ReseaRch ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Agreements ; Regional integration ; Regional trade ; Regional trade agreements ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade policy ; Treaties ; World Trade Organization ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Policy ReseaRch ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Agreements ; Regional integration ; Regional trade ; Regional trade agreements ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade policy ; Treaties ; World Trade Organization
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an analysis of the two channels of regional integration: integration via markets and integration via agreements. Given that East Asia and Latin America are two fertile regions where both forms of integrations have taken place, the authors examine the experiences of these two areas. There are four related results. First, East Asia had been integrating via markets long before formal agreements were in vogue in the region. Latin America, by contrast, has primarily used formal regional trade treaties as the main channel of integration. Second, despite the relative lack of formal regional trade treaties until recently, East Asia is more integrated among itself than Latin America. Third, from a purely economic and trade standpoint, the proper sequence of integrations seems to be first integrating via markets and subsequently via formal regional trade agreements. Fourth, regional trade agreements often serve multiple constituents. The reason why integrating via markets first can be helpful is because this can give stronger political bargaining power to the outward-looking economic-oriented forces within the country
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Heterogeneous Quality Firms And Trade Costs (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Helble, Matthias Heterogeneous Quality Firms And Trade Costs
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregate demand ; Common Carriers Industry ; Comparative advantage ; Consumers ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Free trade ; Income levels ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Per capita income ; Product differentiation ; Productivity ; Transport ; Transport and Trade Logistics ; Aggregate demand ; Common Carriers Industry ; Comparative advantage ; Consumers ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Free trade ; Income levels ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Per capita income ; Product differentiation ; Productivity ; Transport ; Transport and Trade Logistics ; Aggregate demand ; Common Carriers Industry ; Comparative advantage ; Consumers ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Free trade ; Income levels ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Per capita income ; Product differentiation ; Productivity ; Transport ; Transport and Trade Logistics
    Kurzfassung: There is increasing empirical evidence that vertical product differentiation is an important determinant of international trade. However, the economic literature so far has solely focused on the case in which quality trade stems from differences between countries. No studies investigate the role of quality trade between similar economies. This paper first develops a simple theoretical trade model that includes vertical product differentiation in a heterogeneous-firm framework. The model yields three main predictions for trade between similar economies. First, exported goods are of higher quality than goods sold on the domestic market. Second, larger economies have on average higher export qualities compared with smaller economies. Third, with increasing trade costs higher quality goods are exchanged. For all three effects, strong empirical support is found using detailed export trade data of the United States and 15 European Union countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The anatomy of China's export growth (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Amiti, Mary The anatomy of China's export growth
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Comparative advantage ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory & Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Externalities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gini coefficient ; International Economics & Trade ; Living standards ; Natural resources ; Private Sector Development ; Profit margins ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Value added ; Agriculture ; Comparative advantage ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory & Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Externalities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gini coefficient ; International Economics & Trade ; Living standards ; Natural resources ; Private Sector Development ; Profit margins ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Value added ; Agriculture ; Comparative advantage ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory & Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Externalities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gini coefficient ; International Economics & Trade ; Living standards ; Natural resources ; Private Sector Development ; Profit margins ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Value added
    Kurzfassung: Decomposing China's real export growth, of over 500 percent since 1992, reveals a number of interesting findings. First, China's export structure changed dramatically, with growing export shares in electronics and machinery and a decline in agriculture and apparel. Second, despite the shift into these more sophisticated products, the skill content of China's manufacturing exports remained unchanged, once processing trade is excluded. Third, export growth was accompanied by increasing specialization and was mainly accounted for by high export growth of existing products (the intensive margin) rather than in new varieties (the extensive margin). Fourth, consistent with an increased world supply of existing varieties, China's export prices to the United States fell by an average of 1.5 percent per year between 1997 and 2005, while export prices of these products from the rest of the world to the United States increased by 0.4 percent annually over the same period
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regionalism And Trade Facilitation : A Primer (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Maur, Jean-Christophe Regionalism And Trade Facilitation
    Schlagwort(e): Border Crossing ; Economies Of Scale ; Electronic Customs ; Externalities ; Free Trade ; Inspection ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Public Sector Development ; Rail ; Road ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transit ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Trucks ; Border Crossing ; Economies Of Scale ; Electronic Customs ; Externalities ; Free Trade ; Inspection ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Public Sector Development ; Rail ; Road ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transit ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Trucks ; Border Crossing ; Economies Of Scale ; Electronic Customs ; Externalities ; Free Trade ; Inspection ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Public Sector Development ; Rail ; Road ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transit ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Trucks
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates when trade facilitation reform should be undertaken at the regional level. First, looking at both efficiency and implementation considerations, it confirms the perception that the regional dimension matters. Investigating where efficiency gains can be made, this research explains why national markets alone fail to produce the full scale economies and positive externalities of trade facilitation reform. Second, because trade facilitation policies need to address coordination and capacity failures, and because of the operational complexity challenge, the choice of the adequate platform for delivering reform is crucial. The lessons are that regional trade agreements offer good prospects of comprehensive and effective reform and can effectively complement multilateral and national initiatives. However, examples of implementation of trade facilitation reform in regional agreements do not seem to indicate that regional integration approaches have been more successful than trade facilitation through specific cooperation agreements or other efforts, multilateral or unilateral. Customs unions may be an exception here, and the author suggests reasons why this could be the case
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Preferential Liberalization And Its Economy-Wide Effects In Honduras (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (58 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Medvedev, Denis Preferential Liberalization And Its Economy-Wide Effects In Honduras
    Schlagwort(e): Bilateral trade ; Comparative advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic implications ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Open economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Safety nets ; Trade liberalization ; Trade policy ; Bilateral trade ; Comparative advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic implications ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Open economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Safety nets ; Trade liberalization ; Trade policy ; Bilateral trade ; Comparative advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic implications ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Open economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Safety nets ; Trade liberalization ; Trade policy
    Kurzfassung: This paper quantifies the likely benefits of trade and investment liberalization in a small, poor, open economy, using the accession of Honduras to the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement as a case study. The results show that bilateral trade liberalization with the United States is likely to have almost no effect on welfare in Honduras, while the reciprocal removal of protection vis-a-vis the rest of Central America would lead to significantly larger gains. Potential gains from increased net foreign direct investment inflows overwhelm those expected from trade reform alone, particularly if the new foreign direct investment generates productivity spillovers. However, if it is to replace Honduran investment rather than complement domestic capital formation, growth performance is unlikely to improve and may even suffer. The paper's results identify several areas for policy attention by Honduran policy makers to make the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement more development-friendly. These include carefully considering the budgetary implications of trade reform, widening social safety nets to counter the trends toward increasing income inequality, and sequencing the reforms to ensure a close alignment of Honduras' comparative advantage on the regional and global markets
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade Remedies And Non-Market Economies : Economic Implications of The First US Countervailing Duty Case On China (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (50 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Zhao, Longyue Trade Remedies And Non-Market Economies
    Schlagwort(e): Bilateral trade ; Capacity building ; Debt Markets ; Development policies ; Dumping ; Economic Implications ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; ITC ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Bilateral trade ; Capacity building ; Debt Markets ; Development policies ; Dumping ; Economic Implications ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; ITC ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Bilateral trade ; Capacity building ; Debt Markets ; Development policies ; Dumping ; Economic Implications ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic efficiency ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; ITC ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization
    Kurzfassung: In 2007, the United States Department of Commerce altered a 23-year old policy of not applying the countervailing duty law to non-market economies, and initiated eight countervailing and antidumping duty investigations on Chinese imports. The change brings heated debate on trade remedy policies and issues of non-market economies. This study focuses on the first countervailing duty case on imported coated free sheet paper from China and analyzes the implications of this test case for United States-China bilateral trade, and industrial policies in transitioning market economies. The paper also provides a brief review of the economics of subsidies, World Trade Organization rules on subsides and countervailing measures, and United States countervailing duty laws applied to non-market economies. While recently acceded countries should review their domestic development policies from the perspective of economic efficiency and comply with the World Trade Organization rules, it is also important to further clarify the issues of non-market economies under the multilateral trading system, and pay keen attention to the rules negotiations in the current World Trade Organization Doha Development Round
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Challenge of Reducing International Trade And Migration Barriers (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (69 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Anderson, Kym The Challenge of Reducing International Trade And Migration Barriers
    RVK:
    QB 910
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Air pollution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic benefits ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Government subsidies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade policies ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Agriculture ; Air pollution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic benefits ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Government subsidies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade policies ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Agriculture ; Air pollution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic benefits ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Government subsidies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade policies ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization
    Kurzfassung: While barriers to trade in most goods and some services including capital flows have been reduced considerably over the past two decades, many remain. Such policies harm most the economies imposing them, but the worst of the merchandise barriers (in agriculture and textiles) are particularly harmful to the world's poorest people, as are barriers to worker migration across borders. This paper focuses on how costly those anti-poor trade policies are, and examines possible strategies to reduce remaining distortions. Two opportunities in particular are addressed: completing the Doha Development Agenda process at the World Trade Organization (WTO), and freeing up the international movement of workers. A review of the economic benefits and adjustment costs associated with these opportunities provides the foundation to undertake benefit/cost analysis required to rank this set of opportunities against those aimed at addressing the world's other key challenges as part of the Copenhagen Consensus project. The paper concludes with key caveats and suggests that taking up these opportunities could generate huge social benefit/cost ratios that are considerably higher than the direct economic ones quantified in this study, even without factoring in their contribution to alleviating several of the other challenges identified by that project, including malnutrition, disease, poor education and air pollution
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity : Theory And An Application To Latin America (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (55 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Ferreira, Francisco H.G The Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity
    Schlagwort(e): Consumption ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic inequality ; Equity and Development ; Gender ; Gender and ; Gender and Law ; Household income ; Income differences ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multiple equilibria ; Policy research ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Product ; Public Sector Development ; Public policy ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Trade Policy ; Consumption ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic inequality ; Equity and Development ; Gender ; Gender and ; Gender and Law ; Household income ; Income differences ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multiple equilibria ; Policy research ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Product ; Public Sector Development ; Public policy ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Trade Policy ; Consumption ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic inequality ; Equity and Development ; Gender ; Gender and ; Gender and Law ; Household income ; Income differences ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multiple equilibria ; Policy research ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Product ; Public Sector Development ; Public policy ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Trade Policy
    Kurzfassung: What part of the inequality observed in a particular country is due to unequal opportunities, rather than to differences in individual efforts or luck? This paper estimates a lower bound for the opportunity share of inequality in labor earnings, household income per capita and household consumption per capita in six Latin American countries. Following John Roemer, the authors associate inequality of opportunity with outcome differences that can be accounted for by morally irrelevant pre-determined circumstances, such as race, gender, place of birth, and family background. Thus defined, unequal opportunities account for between 24 and 50 percent of inequality in consumption expenditure in the sample. Brazil and Central America are more opportunity-unequal than Colombia, Ecuador, or Peru. "Opportunity profiles," which identify the social groups with the most limited opportunity sets, are shown to be distinct from poverty profiles: ethnic origin and the geography of birth are markedly more important as determinants of opportunity deprivation than of outcome poverty, particularly in Brazil, Guatemala, and Peru
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Joint Bidding In Infrastructure Procurement (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Estache, Antonio Joint Bidding In Infrastructure Procurement
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Bidding ; Competition ; Competition policy ; Decentralization ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign companies ; Foreign firms ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public disclosure ; Access to Markets ; Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Bidding ; Competition ; Competition policy ; Decentralization ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign companies ; Foreign firms ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public disclosure ; Access to Markets ; Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Bidding ; Competition ; Competition policy ; Decentralization ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign companies ; Foreign firms ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public disclosure
    Kurzfassung: To utilize public resources efficiently, it is required to take full advantage of competition in public procurement auctions. Joint bidding practices are one of the possible ways of facilitating auction competition. In theory, there are pros and cons. It may enable firms to pool their financial and experiential resources and remove barriers to entry. On the other hand, it may reduce the degree of competition and can be used as a cover for collusive behavior. The paper empirically addresses whether joint bidding is pro- or anti-competitive in Official Development Assistance procurement auctions for infrastructure projects. It reveals the possible risk of relying too much on a foreign bidding coalition and may suggest the necessity of overseeing it. The data reveal no strong evidence that joint bidding practices are compatible with competition policy, except for a few cases. In road procurements, coalitional bidding involving both local and foreign firms has been found pro-competitive. In the water and sewage sector, local joint bidding may be useful to draw out better offers from potential contractors. Joint bidding composed of only foreign companies is mostly considered anti-competitive
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Foreign Professionals And Domestic Regulation (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Mattoo, Aaditya Foreign Professionals And Domestic Regulation
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Eq ; Communication technologies ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Corporate Law ; Education ; Foreign professionals ; Global market ; Graduate degrees ; Higher education ; Higher education system ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Human capital ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Public Examination System ; Secondary Education ; Skilled professionals ; Tertiary Education ; Trade and Services ; Workers ; Access and Eq ; Communication technologies ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Corporate Law ; Education ; Foreign professionals ; Global market ; Graduate degrees ; Higher education ; Higher education system ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Human capital ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Public Examination System ; Secondary Education ; Skilled professionals ; Tertiary Education ; Trade and Services ; Workers ; Access and Eq ; Communication technologies ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Corporate Law ; Education ; Foreign professionals ; Global market ; Graduate degrees ; Higher education ; Higher education system ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Human capital ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Papers ; Primary Education ; Public Examination System ; Secondary Education ; Skilled professionals ; Tertiary Education ; Trade and Services ; Workers
    Kurzfassung: Changes in demographics and patterns of investment in human capital are creating increased scope for international trade in professional services. The scope for mutually beneficial trade is, however, inhibited not only by quotas and discriminatory taxation, but also by domestic regulation - including a range of qualification and licensing requirements and procedures. To illustrate the nature and implications of these regulatory impediments, this paper presents a detailed description of the regulatory requirements faced in the United States market by four types of Indian professionals: doctors, engineers, architects, and accountants. India is one of the largest exporters of skilled services, and the United States is one of the largest importers of skilled services, so these two countries reflect broader global trends. The paper argues that regulatory discrimination, for example through preferential recognition agreements, has implications both for the pattern of trade and for welfare. It presents some illustrative estimates that suggest the economic cost of regulations may be substantial. The paper concludes by examining how the trade-inhibiting impact of regulatory requirements could be addressed through bilateral and multilateral negotiations
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Developing Countries And Enforcement of Trade Agreements : Why Dispute Settlement Is Not Enough (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Bown, Chad P Developing Countries And Enforcement of Trade Agreements
    Schlagwort(e): Dumping ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics Literature ; Emerging Markets ; Externality ; Free Trade ; Generalized System Of Preferences ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; LDCS ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Transparency ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Dumping ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics Literature ; Emerging Markets ; Externality ; Free Trade ; Generalized System Of Preferences ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; LDCS ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Transparency ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Dumping ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics Literature ; Emerging Markets ; Externality ; Free Trade ; Generalized System Of Preferences ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; LDCS ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Transparency ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization
    Kurzfassung: Poor countries are rarely challenged in formal World Trade Organization trade disputes for failing to live up to commitments, reducing the benefits of their participation in international trade agreements. This paper examines the political-economic causes of the failure to challenge poor countries, and discusses the static and dynamic costs and externality implications of this failure. Given the weak incentives to enforce World Trade Organization rules and disciplines against small and poor members, bolstering the transparency function of the World Trade Organization is important for making trade agreements more relevant to trade constituencies in developing countries. Although the paper focuses on the World Trade Organization system, the arguments also apply to reciprocal North-South trade agreements
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regulatory Cooperation, Aid For Trade And The General Agreement On Trade In Services (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Hoekman, Bernard Regulatory Cooperation, Aid For Trade And The General Agreement On Trade In Services
    Schlagwort(e): Banks and Banking Reform ; Best Market ; Business Practice ; Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Growth Rate ; International Cooperation ; International Economics & Trade ; Liberalization ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Regulators ; Technological Change ; Trade and Services ; World Trade ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Best Market ; Business Practice ; Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Growth Rate ; International Cooperation ; International Economics & Trade ; Liberalization ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Regulators ; Technological Change ; Trade and Services ; World Trade ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Best Market ; Business Practice ; Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Growth Rate ; International Cooperation ; International Economics & Trade ; Liberalization ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Regulators ; Technological Change ; Trade and Services ; World Trade
    Kurzfassung: This paper discusses what could be done to expand services trade and investment through a multilateral agreement in the World Trade Organization. A distinction is made between market access liberalization and the regulatory preconditions for benefiting from market opening. The authors argue that prospects for multilateral services liberalization would be enhanced by making national treatment the objective of World Trade Organization services negotiations, thereby clarifying the scope of World Trade Organization commitments for regulators. Moreover, liberalization by smaller and poorer members of the World Trade Organization would be facilitated by complementary actions to strengthen regulatory capacity. If pursued as part of the operationalization of the World Trade Organization's 2006 Aid for Trade taskforce report, the World Trade Organization could become more relevant in promoting not just services liberalization but, more importantly, domestic reforms of services policies
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Domestic Constraints, Firm Characteristics, And Geographical Diversification of Firm-Level Manufacturing Exports In Africa (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (41 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Yoshino, Yutaka Domestic Constraints, Firm Characteristics, And Geographical Diversification of Firm-Level Manufacturing Exports In Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Exportwirtschaft ; Exportdiversifizierung ; Internationaler Markt ; Region ; Theorie ; Subsahara-Afrika ; Commodity prices ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export markets ; Factor price ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market entry ; Market orientation ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Product quality ; Supply chain ; Supply chains ; Total sales ; Commodity prices ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export markets ; Factor price ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market entry ; Market orientation ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Product quality ; Supply chain ; Supply chains ; Total sales ; Commodity prices ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export markets ; Factor price ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market entry ; Market orientation ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Product quality ; Supply chain ; Supply chains ; Total sales
    Kurzfassung: Using firm-level data on manufacturing sectors in Africa, this paper addresses how domestic supply constraints and other firm characteristics explain the geographical orientation of firms' exports and the overall market diversification of African manufacturing exports. The degree of market diversification, measured by the number of export destinations, is highly correlated with export intensity at the firm level, and both embody strong scale effects. Technological factors, such as new vintage capital and Internet access, which improve production efficiency and lower export costs, show strong effects on the firm-level export intensity. Some qualitative differences exist between Africa's regional exports and exports to the global markets. Foreign ownership is a significant factor in characterizing the intensity of global exports but not regional exports. The technological factors are significant in both cases, but more so in global exports. Public infrastructure constraints, such as inferior power services and customs delays, seem to have more immediate impacts on regional exports in general, implying the relevance of addressing behind-the-border constraints in fostering regional integration in Africa. Customs efficiency does matter for textile exports to the global markets, underscoring the importance of improving trade facilitation in Africa for competitive participation of African producers in global supply chain industries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade Facilitation In ASEAN Member Countries : Measuring Progress And Assessing Priorities (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (43 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Shepherd, Ben Trade Facilitation In ASEAN Member Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Air ; Air transport ; Common Carriers Industry ; Driving ; Economic Theory and Research ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Port facilities ; Public Sector Development ; Road ; Road infrastructure ; Trade Policy ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport infrastructure ; Air ; Air transport ; Common Carriers Industry ; Driving ; Economic Theory and Research ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Port facilities ; Public Sector Development ; Road ; Road infrastructure ; Trade Policy ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport infrastructure ; Air ; Air transport ; Common Carriers Industry ; Driving ; Economic Theory and Research ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Port facilities ; Public Sector Development ; Road ; Road infrastructure ; Trade Policy ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport infrastructure
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews recent progress and indicators of trade facilitation in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The findings show that import and export costs vary considerably in the member countries, from very low to moderately high levels. Tariff and non-tariff barriers are generally low to moderate. Infrastructure quality and services sector competitiveness range from fair to excellent. Using a standard gravity model, the authors find that trade flows in Southeast Asia are particularly sensitive to transport infrastructure and information and communications technology. The results suggest that the region stands to make significant economic gains from trade facilitation reform. These gains could be considerably larger than those from comparable tariff reforms. Estimates suggest that improving port facilities in the region, for example, could expand trade by up to 7.5 percent or
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Economic Partnership Agreements And The Export Competitiveness of Africa (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Brenton, Paul Economic Partnership Agreements And The Export Competitiveness of Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Competitiveness ; Development assistance ; Development strategies ; Economic Theory & Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade competitiveness ; Trade diversion ; Trade policy ; Competitiveness ; Development assistance ; Development strategies ; Economic Theory & Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade competitiveness ; Trade diversion ; Trade policy ; Competitiveness ; Development assistance ; Development strategies ; Economic Theory & Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade competitiveness ; Trade diversion ; Trade policy
    Kurzfassung: Trade can be a key driver of growth for African countries, as it has been for those countries, particularly in East Asia, that have experienced high and sustained rates of growth. Economic partnership agreements with the European Union could be instrumental in a competitiveness framework, but to do so they would have to be designed carefully in a way that supports integration into the global economy and is consistent with national development strategies. Interim agreements have focused on reciprocal tariff removal and less restrictive rules of origin. To be fully effective, economic partnership agreements will have to address constraints to regional integration, including both tariff and non-tariff barriers; improve trade facilitation; and define appropriate most favored nation services liberalization. At the same time, African countries will need to reduce external tariff peak barriers on a most favored nation basis to ensure that when preferences for the European Union are implemented after transitional periods, they do not lead to substantial losses from trade diversion. This entails an ambitious agenda of policy reform that must be backed up by development assistance in the form of "aid for trade
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Do The Biggest Aisles Serve A Brighter Future? : Global Retail Chains And Their Implications For Romania (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Javorcik, Beata S Do The Biggest Aisles Serve A Brighter Future?
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Agriculture ; Dairy ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Food products ; Fruit ; Hypermarkets ; Industry ; Information Security and Privac ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Nuts ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Supermarket ; Supermarkets ; Surfactants ; Access to Markets ; Agriculture ; Dairy ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Food products ; Fruit ; Hypermarkets ; Industry ; Information Security and Privac ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Nuts ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Supermarket ; Supermarkets ; Surfactants ; Access to Markets ; Agriculture ; Dairy ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Food products ; Fruit ; Hypermarkets ; Industry ; Information Security and Privac ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Nuts ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Supermarket ; Supermarkets ; Surfactants
    Kurzfassung: During the past two decades many economies have opened their retail sector to foreign direct investment, yet little is known about possible implications of such liberalization on the economies of developing host countries. Using firm-level data from Romania, this study examines how the presence of global retail chains affects firms in the supplying industries. Applying a difference-in-differences method, the econometric analyses yield the following conclusions. The expansion of global retail chains leads to a significant increase in the total factor productivity in the supplying industries. Their presence in a region increases the total factor productivity of firms in the supplying industries by 15.2 percent and doubling the number of chains leads to a 10.8 percent increase in total factor productivity. However, the expansion benefits larger firms the most and has a much smaller impact on small enterprises. This conclusion is robust to several extensions and specifications, including the instrumental variable approach. These results suggest that the opening of the retail sector to foreign direct investment may stimulate productivity growth in upstream manufacturing and extend our understanding of foreign direct investment in service sectors
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Currency Undervaluation And Sovereign Wealth Funds : A New Role For The World Trade Organization (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Mattoo, Aaditya Currency Undervaluation And Sovereign Wealth Funds
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Finance ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Enforcement ; Exchange ; Exchange rate ; Exchange rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Government action ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investments ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Subsidies ; Trade Law ; World trade ; Access to Finance ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Enforcement ; Exchange ; Exchange rate ; Exchange rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Government action ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investments ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Subsidies ; Trade Law ; World trade ; Access to Finance ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Enforcement ; Exchange ; Exchange rate ; Exchange rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Government action ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investments ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Subsidies ; Trade Law ; World trade
    Kurzfassung: Two aspects of global imbalances - undervalued exchange rates and sovereign wealth funds - require a multilateral response. For reasons of inadequate leverage and eroding legitimacy, the International Monetary Fund has not been effective in dealing with undervalued exchange rates. This paper proposes new rules in the World Trade Organization to discipline cases of significant undervaluation that are clearly attributable to government action. The rationale for WTO involvement is that there are large trade consequences of undervalued exchange rates, which act as both import tariffs and export subsidies, and that the WTO's enforcement mechanism is credible and effective. The World Trade Organization would not be involved in exchange rate management, and would not displace the International Monetary Fund. Rather, the authors suggest ways to harness the comparative advantage of the two institutions, with the International Monetary Fund providing the essential technical expertise in the World Trade Organization's enforcement process. There is a bargain to be struck between countries with sovereign wealth funds, which want secure and liberal access for their capital, and capital-importing countries, which have concerns about the objectives and operations of sovereign wealth funds. The World Trade Organization is the natural place to strike this bargain. Its General Agreement on Trade in Services, already covers investments by sovereign wealth funds, and other agreements offer a precedent for designing disciplines for these funds. Placing exchange rates and sovereign wealth funds on the trade negotiating agenda may help revive the Doha Round by rekindling the interest of a wide variety of groups
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Impact of Kazak Accession To The World Trade Organization : A Quantitative Assessment (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (53 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Jensen, Jesper The Impact of Kazak Accession To The World Trade Organization
    Schlagwort(e): Air ; Costs ; Currencies and Exchange ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticities ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Freight ; Gas Sector ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure ; Injury ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Passenger Services ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Railroad ; Route ; Subsidies ; Subsidy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Air ; Costs ; Currencies and Exchange ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticities ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Freight ; Gas Sector ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure ; Injury ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Passenger Services ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Railroad ; Route ; Subsidies ; Subsidy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Air ; Costs ; Currencies and Exchange ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticities ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Freight ; Gas Sector ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure ; Injury ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Passenger Services ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Railroad ; Route ; Subsidies ; Subsidy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Kurzfassung: In this paper the authors use a computable general equilibrium model of the Kazakhstan economy to assess the impact of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), which encompasses (1) improved market access; (2) Kazakhstan tariff reduction; (3) reduction of barriers against entry by multinational service providers; and (4) reform of local content and value-added tax policies confronting multinational firms in the oil sector. They assume that foreign direct investment in business services is necessary for multinationals to compete well with Kazakstan business services providers, but cross-border service provision is also present. The model incorporates productivity effects in both goods and services markets endogenously, through a Dixit-Stiglitz framework. The authors estimated the ad valorem equivalent of barriers to foreign direct investment based on detailed questionnaires completed by specialized research institutes in Kazakhstan. They estimate that Kazakhstan will gain about 6.7 percent of the value of Kazakhstan consumption in the medium run from WTO accession and up to 17.5 percent in the long run. They estimate that the largest gains to Kazakhstan will derive from liberalization of barriers against multinational service providers, but the other three elements of WTO accession that the authors model all contribute positively to the estimated gains. Piecemeal sensitivity analysis shows that qualitatively the results are robust, but there are four parameters in the model that significantly affect the estimated magnitude of the gains from WTO accession
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade And Human Capital Accumulation : Evidence From U.S. Immigrants (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Domeland, Dorte Trade And Human Capital Accumulation
    Schlagwort(e): Capital Accumulation ; Comparative Advantage ; Cost ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Country ; Human Capital ; International ; Labor Markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Capital Accumulation ; Comparative Advantage ; Cost ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Country ; Human Capital ; International ; Labor Markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Capital Accumulation ; Comparative Advantage ; Cost ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Country ; Human Capital ; International ; Labor Markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This study provides empirical evidence that trade increases on-the-job human capital accumulation by estimating the effect of home country openness on estimated returns to home country experience of U.S. immigrants. The positive effect of trade on on-the-job human capital accumulation remains significant when controlling for GDP, educational attainment, and institutional quality. It is not the result of self-selection, heterogeneity in returns to experience, English-speaking origin, or cultural background. The effect persists when restricting the sample to non-OECD countries, thereby resolving the theoretical ambiguity of whether trade increases or decreases learning-by-doing. The role of trade in generating economic growth is therefore likely to be more important than generally considered
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Use of Derivatives To Hedge Embedded Options : The Case of Pension Institutions In Denmark (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Ladekarl, Jeppe The Use of Derivatives To Hedge Embedded Options
    Schlagwort(e): Balance Sheets ; Contracts ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Guarantee ; Guarantees ; Hedge ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rates ; Liabilities ; Liability ; Liability Management ; Private Sector Development ; Balance Sheets ; Contracts ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Guarantee ; Guarantees ; Hedge ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rates ; Liabilities ; Liability ; Liability Management ; Private Sector Development ; Balance Sheets ; Contracts ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Guarantee ; Guarantees ; Hedge ; Interest ; Interest Rate ; Interest Rates ; Liabilities ; Liability ; Liability Management ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: The main purpose of this paper is to examine the growing use of derivatives by Danish pension institutions as a risk management tool to hedge embedded options on their balance sheets. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s it was a widespread practice for Danish pension institutions to guarantee a minimum interest rate on new pension policies. With the new millennium global interest rates declined steeply and equity markets came crashing down. Suddenly the guarantees on pension contracts were in the money. The policies already written could not be changed, leaving liabilities and assets mismatched, profits in the red, and capital reserves drained. Out of necessity, and in some cases virtue, Danish pension institutions turned in scale to derivatives, allowing for a more active approach to hedging, asset and liability management, and even profit generation. Through the use of derivatives, pension institutions have avoided the need to renegotiate their guaranteed contracts with policy holders. They have succeeded as an industry in transforming their pay-off curves and have emerged with better matched asset/liability positions and lower exposure to interest rate risk. But the expanded use of derivatives also raises some risk management and regulatory issues, such as operational and counterparty risks as well as effective internal control systems and regulatory oversight
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Specification of Investment Functions In Sub-Saharan Africa (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Bayraktar, Nihal Specification of Investment Functions In Sub-Saharan Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Accumulation ; Capital ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depreciation ; Distribution of Income ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Extensive ; External ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fixed Capital ; Income ; Investment ; Investment ; Investment Behavior ; Investment Functions ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Accumulation ; Capital ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depreciation ; Distribution of Income ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Extensive ; External ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fixed Capital ; Income ; Investment ; Investment ; Investment Behavior ; Investment Functions ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Accumulation ; Capital ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depreciation ; Distribution of Income ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Extensive ; External ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fixed Capital ; Income ; Investment ; Investment ; Investment Behavior ; Investment Functions ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: It is a well-known fact that one of the most important determinants of growth is private investment. But in the developing country context of widespread poverty, the effects of initial conditions on the process of capital accumulation have seldom been investigated. This paper highlights heterogeneity in the process of capital accumulation across different countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, and derives a formal specification of investment functions in the primary, industry, and service sectors in the region using a variation of the combined Tobin's Q Theory and the neoclassical models of investment. The results highlight a more rapid accumulation of capital in the relatively high income subpanel and a widening public-private capital accumulation gap. A functional specification points to the significance of aggregate profitability shocks, the financing cost of investment, and public capital stock in estimating the growth rate of private capital accumulation. These results are supported empirically, as highlighted by the relatively small absolute deviation between actual and predicted value distributions
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Identifying Supply-Side Constraints To Export Performance In Ecuador : An Exercise With Investment Climate Survey Data (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Francisco, Manuela Identifying Supply-Side Constraints To Export Performance In Ecuador
    Schlagwort(e): Business Environment ; Competitors ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Dominant Firms ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Expansion ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Market ; Free Trade ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Trade Law ; Business Environment ; Competitors ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Dominant Firms ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Expansion ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Market ; Free Trade ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Trade Law ; Business Environment ; Competitors ; Currency ; Debt Markets ; Dominant Firms ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Expansion ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Market ; Free Trade ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Trade Law
    Kurzfassung: The authors apply a Heckman selection model to the 2003 Investment Climate Survey (ICS) to investigate supply-side constraints to export performance at the firm level in Ecuador. To correct for the non-random truncation problems, they use the Heckman selection model to estimate the probability of exporting (export propensity) and the share of total sales that are exported (export intensity) by Ecuadorian firms. They develop a baseline model with 12 independent variables divided into three categories-idiosyncratic characteristics, technology, and business environment. The authors develop three other models with the addition of variables related to trade integration, business environment, and infrastructure. Results corroborate with the hypothesis implicit in the Heckman model, which considers both decisions made by a firm-whether to export, and how much of its sales to export-to be interdependent. In the Ecuadorian case, they find three important results for the firm's export performance: technology matters; infrastructure does not; and trade orientation is significant, with specialized firms tending to have smaller export intensity when their main trade partners are countries of the Andean Community, and the opposite happening if the United States is their main trade partner. The authors find a robust and stable relationship for export propensity and intensity with size, import of inputs, labor regulations, in-house research and development, quality certification, web-use, and foreign ownership. Also, capacity utilization and trade with the United States positively affect export intensity, while trade within the Andean Community has the opposite effect in the outcome variable. But they find no significant relationship for the infrastructure variables
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Price Structure And Network Externalities In The Telecommunications Industry : Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (43 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Iimi, Atsushi Price Structure And Network Externalities In The Telecommunications Industry
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure ; Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure ; Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure
    Kurzfassung: Many developing countries have experienced significant developments in their telecommunications network. Countries in Africa are no exception to this. The paper examines what factor facilitates most network expansion using micro data from 45 fixed-line and mobile telephone operators in 18 African countries. In theory the telecommunications sector has two sector-specific characteristics: network externalities and discriminatory pricing. It finds that many telephone operators in the region use peak and off-peak prices and termination-based price discrimination, but are less likely to rely on strategic fee schedules such as tie-in arrangements. The estimated demand function based on a discreet consumer choice model indicates that termination-based discriminatory pricing can facilitate network expansion. It also shows that the implied price-cost margins are significantly high. Thus, price liberalization could be conducive to development of the telecommunications network led by the private sector. Some countries in Africa are still imposing certain price restrictions. But more important, it remains a policy issue how the authorities should ensure reciprocal access between operators at reasonable cost
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Formal Finance And Trade Credit During China's Transition (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Zhu, Tian Formal Finance And Trade Credit During China's Transition
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Cred Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business School ; Buyers ; Cred Customers ; Debt Markets ; Economic Activity ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Support ; Information ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Loans ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Access To Cred Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business School ; Buyers ; Cred Customers ; Debt Markets ; Economic Activity ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Support ; Information ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Loans ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Access To Cred Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business School ; Buyers ; Cred Customers ; Debt Markets ; Economic Activity ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Support ; Information ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Loans ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: Using a large panel dataset of Chinese industrial firms, the authors examine the determinants of access to loans from formal financial intermediaries and extension of trade credit. Poorly performing state-owned enterprises were more likely to redistribute credit to firms with less privileged access to loans through trade credit, a pattern consistent with some of the extension of trade credit being involuntary. By contrast, profitable private domestic firms were more likely to extend trade credit than unprofitable ones. Trade credit likely provided a substitute for loans for these private firms' customers that were shut out of formal credit markets. As biases in lending became less severe, the amount of trade credit extended by private firms declined
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Evaluating The Trade Effect of Developing Regional Trade Agreements : A Semi-Parametric Approach (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Coulibaly, Souleymane Evaluating The Trade Effect of Developing Regional Trade Agreements
    Schlagwort(e): Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gravity model ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Trade ; Regional Trade Agreements ; Rules of origin ; Trade Effect ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade agreement ; Trade creation ; Trade effects ; Trade flows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gravity model ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Trade ; Regional Trade Agreements ; Rules of origin ; Trade Effect ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade agreement ; Trade creation ; Trade effects ; Trade flows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gravity model ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Trade ; Regional Trade Agreements ; Rules of origin ; Trade Effect ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade agreement ; Trade creation ; Trade effects ; Trade flows
    Kurzfassung: Many recent papers have pointed to ambiguous trade effects of developing regional trade agreements (RTAs), calling for a reassessment of their economic merits. The author focuses on seven such agreements currently in force in Sub-Saharan Africa (ECOWAS and SADC), Asia (AFTA and SAPTA) and Latin America (CACM, CAN, and MERCOSUR), estimating their impacts on their members' trade flows. Instead of the usual dummy variables for RTAs, he proposes a variable taking into account the number of years of membership. He then combines a gravity model with kernel estimation techniques to capture the non-monotonic trade effects while imposing minimal structure on the model. The results indicate that except for SAPTA, these RTAs have had a positive impact on their members' intra-trade over the estimation period (1960-99). AFTA seems to be the most successful among them, with an estimated positive impact on its members' imports from the rest of the world (hence no trade diversion), but its impact on their exports to the rest of the world is rather limited. During its first 10 years of existence, ECOWAS appears to have had a positive impact on its members' imports from the rest of the world (hence no trade diversion), but this positive impact vanished over time. SAPTA's negative impact on its members' intra-trade is probably an implicit effect of the India-Pakistan tensions over the estimation period
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Structure of Import Tariffs In The Russian Federation : 2001-05 (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (58 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Tarr, David The Structure of Import Tariffs In The Russian Federation
    Schlagwort(e): Customs union ; Debt Markets ; Export Competitiveness ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free trade zone ; Import volume ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; International trade ; Political Economy ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff policy ; Tariff revenues ; Tariff structure ; Trade Policy ; Trade agreements ; Trade policy ; Customs union ; Debt Markets ; Export Competitiveness ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free trade zone ; Import volume ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; International trade ; Political Economy ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff policy ; Tariff revenues ; Tariff structure ; Trade Policy ; Trade agreements ; Trade policy ; Customs union ; Debt Markets ; Export Competitiveness ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free trade zone ; Import volume ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; International trade ; Political Economy ; Public Sector Development ; Tariff policy ; Tariff revenues ; Tariff structure ; Trade Policy ; Trade agreements ; Trade policy
    Kurzfassung: The Russian tariff structure contains over 11,000 tariff lines of which about 1,700 use the so-called "combined" tariff rate system. For the combined system tariff lines, the actual tariff applied by Russian customs is the maximum of the ad valorem or specific tariff. The lack of available data and the difficulty in calculating the ad valorem equivalence of the specific tariffs have resulted in some previous efforts that have simply ignored the specific tariffs. This is the first paper to accurately assess the tariff rates. The authors show that ignoring the specific tariffs results in an underestimate of the actual tariff rates by about 1 to 3 percentage points, depending on the year. The average tariff in Russia has increased between 2001 and 2003 from about 11.5 to between 13 and 14.5 percent, but it has held steady in 2004 and 2005. This places Russia's tariffs at a level slightly higher than other middle-income countries and considerably higher than the OECD countries. The trade weighted standard deviation of the tariff approximately doubled from 9.5 percent in 2001 to 18 percent in 2003, but then fell to 15.2 percent by 2005. The food sector and light industry are the aggregate sectors with the highest tariff rates-their tariff rates in 2005 were 23.1 percent and 19.5 percent on a trade-weighted basis, but the increase in their tariffs has not led to an increase in their output
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Human capital, trade liberalization, and income risk (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Maloney, William Human capital, trade liberalization, and income risk
    Schlagwort(e): Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign competition ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Income ; Incomplete Markets ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Labor Policies ; Lowering trade barriers ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade policy ; Wages ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign competition ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Income ; Incomplete Markets ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Labor Policies ; Lowering trade barriers ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade policy ; Wages ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign competition ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Income ; Incomplete Markets ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Labor Policies ; Lowering trade barriers ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade policy ; Wages
    Kurzfassung: Using data from Mexico, the authors study empirically the link between trade policy and individual income risk and the extent to which this varies across workers of different human capital (education) levels. They use longitudinal income data on workers to estimate time-varying individual income risk parameters in different manufacturing sectors in Mexico between 1987 and 1998, a period in which the Mexican economy experienced substantial changes in trade policy. In a second step, they use the variations in trade policy across different sectors and over time to estimate the link between trade policy and income risk for workers of varying education levels. The authors' findings are as follows. The level of openness of an economy is not found to be related to income risk for workers of any type. Furthermore, changes in trade policy (that is, trade policy reforms) are not found to have any effect on the risk to income faced by workers with either low or high levels of human capital. But workers with intermediate levels of human capital are found to experience a statistically and economically significant increase in income risk immediately following liberalization of trade. The findings thus point to an interesting non-monotonicity in the interaction between human capital, income risk and trade policy changes
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Big dragon, little dragons : China's challenge to the machinery exports of southeast Asia (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Rahardja, Sjamsu Big dragon, little dragons
    Schlagwort(e): Maschine ; Export ; China ; Südostasien ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export market ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Finished products ; Free Trade ; General Manufacturing ; Home market ; Home markets ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Supplier ; Suppliers ; Third markets ; World market ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export market ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Finished products ; Free Trade ; General Manufacturing ; Home market ; Home markets ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Supplier ; Suppliers ; Third markets ; World market ; Competitiveness ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export market ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Finished products ; Free Trade ; General Manufacturing ; Home market ; Home markets ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Supplier ; Suppliers ; Third markets ; World market
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the extent of China's export boom in machinery and analyzes trade in components and finished machinery between China and Southeast Asia. China has increased its world market share in machinery exports. The median relative unit value of its finished machinery exports has also risen. Yet the author finds no evidence that China's expansion in the world machinery market has squeezed the market shares of Southeast Asian machinery exports. Instead, components made by Southeast Asian countries are increasing in unit value and gaining market share in China
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Growth of China And India In World Trade : Opportunity Or Threat For Latin America And The Caribbean? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (25 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Lederman, Daniel The Growth of China And India In World Trade
    Schlagwort(e): Bilateral trade ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic size ; Export growth ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Growth rate ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Substitution effect ; Telecommunications ; Trade Policy ; Bilateral trade ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic size ; Export growth ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Growth rate ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Substitution effect ; Telecommunications ; Trade Policy ; Bilateral trade ; Competitiveness ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic size ; Export growth ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Growth rate ; International Economics & Trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Substitution effect ; Telecommunications ; Trade Policy
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the relationship between the growth of China and India in world merchandise trade and Latin American and Caribbean commercial flows from two perspectives. First, the authors focus on the opportunity that China and India's markets have offered Latin American and Caribbean exporters during 2000-2004. Second, empirical analyses examine the partial correlation between Chinese and Indian bilateral trade flows and Latin American and Caribbean trade with third markets. Both analyses rely on the gravity model of international trade. Econometric estimations that control for the systematic correlation between expected bilateral trade volumes and the size of their regression errors, as well as importer and exporter fixed effects and year effects, provide consistent estimates of the relevant parameters for different groups of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Results suggest that the growth of the two Asian markets has produced large opportunities for Latin American and Caribbean exporters, which nevertheless have not been fully exploited. The evidence concerning the effects of Chinese and Indian trade with third markets is not robust, but there is little evidence of negative effects on Latin American and Caribbean exports of non-fuel merchandise. In general, China's and to a large extent India's growing presence in world trade has been good news for Latin America and the Caribbean, but some of the potential benefits remain unexploited
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Clothing And Export Diversification : Still A Route To Growth For Low-Income Countries ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (35 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Brenton, Paul Clothing And Export Diversification
    Schlagwort(e): Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Imperfect competition ; Income ; Industrialization ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Tariff barriers ; Trade Policy ; Trade policy ; Value added ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Imperfect competition ; Income ; Industrialization ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Tariff barriers ; Trade Policy ; Trade policy ; Value added ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Imperfect competition ; Income ; Industrialization ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Tariff barriers ; Trade Policy ; Trade policy ; Value added
    Kurzfassung: Can the clothing sector be a driver of export diversification and growth for today's low-income countries as it was in the past for countries that have graduated into middle income? This paper assesses this issue taking into account key changes to the market for clothing: the emergence of India and especially China as exporting countries; the rise of global production chains; the removal of quotas from the global trading regime but the continued presence of high tariffs and substantial trade preferences; the increasing importance of large buyers in developed countries and their concerns regarding risk and reputation; and the increasing importance of time in defining sourcing decisions. To assess the importance of the factors shaping the global clothing market, the authors estimate a gravity model to explain jointly the propensity to export clothing and the magnitude of exports from developing countries to the E U and US markets. This analysis identifies the quality of governance as an important determinant of sourcing decisions and that there appears to be a general bias against sourcing apparel from African countries, which is only partially overcome by trade preferences
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cote D'ivoire Volatility, Shocks And Growth (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (37 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Bogetic, Zeljko Cote D'ivoire Volatility, Shocks And Growth
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Agriculture ; Cocoa Price ; Cocoa Prices ; Coffee Prices ; Commodity Prices ; Cotton Prices ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Inflation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Power ; Markets and Market Access ; Price Indices ; Private Sector Development ; Volatility ; World Markets ; Access to Markets ; Agriculture ; Cocoa Price ; Cocoa Prices ; Coffee Prices ; Commodity Prices ; Cotton Prices ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Inflation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Power ; Markets and Market Access ; Price Indices ; Private Sector Development ; Volatility ; World Markets ; Access to Markets ; Agriculture ; Cocoa Price ; Cocoa Prices ; Coffee Prices ; Commodity Prices ; Cotton Prices ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Inflation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Power ; Markets and Market Access ; Price Indices ; Private Sector Development ; Volatility ; World Markets
    Kurzfassung: Key economic variables in Cote d'Ivoire vary widely from their long-run trends, moving in multi-year cyclical patterns. Cocoa prices move with cycles in growth rates, capital stock, real exchange rates, terms of trade, cocoa production, and coffee production and output. These patterns have become more pronounced since the 1970s as volatility increased. This paper characterize these cycles, estimates the cocoa price-quantity relationship, and analyzes co-movements due to shocks generate a forecast. Three key conclusions follow. First, the economy of Cote d'Ivoire has experienced two fundamental transitions, one in 1976 related to cocoa, and another in 1994 related to exchange rates. From 1960 to 1976, world cocoa prices grew steadily, and then fell in real terms. The country's growth showed a similar pattern. An econometric model indicates that the relationship between cocoa price and quantity experienced a break in 1976 and provides evidence of Cote d'Ivoire's significant influence on world cocoa prices. Second, cocoa price shocks affect growth rates and trade indicators, and are important sources of volatility in the Cote d'Ivoire. The terms of trade and real exchange rate are also sources of volatility for growth and productivity. Third, a forecast of per-worker output based on these variables predicts continued declines in GDP per worker in Cote d'Ivoire for the near future. This dismal forecast implies the need for a radical and rapid improvement on political, security, and economic management to reverse the two and a half decades of economic decline
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Land of Milk And Honey With Streets Paved With Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations About Incomes Abroad ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: McKenzie, David A Land of Milk And Honey With Streets Paved With Gold
    Schlagwort(e): Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accurate Information ; Annual Income ; Bank ; Consumer ; Consumer Goods ; Demands ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Population Policies ; Public Sector Development ; Remittances ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Millions of people emigrate every year in search of better economic and social opportunities. Anecdotal evidence suggests that emigrants may have over-optimistic expectations about the incomes they can earn abroad, resulting in excessive migration pressure, and in disappointment among those who do migrate. Yet there is almost no statistical evidence on how accurately these emigrants predict the incomes that they will earn working abroad. In this paper the authors combine a natural emigration experiment with unique survey data on would-be emigrants' probabilistic expectations about employment and incomes in the migration destination. Their procedure enables them to obtain moments and quantiles of the subjective distribution of expected earnings in the destination country. The authors find a significant underestimation of both unconditional and conditional labor earnings at all points in the distribution. This underestimation appears driven in part by potential migrants placing too much weight on the negative employment experiences of some migrants, and by inaccurate information flows from extended family, who may be trying to moderate remittance demands by understating incomes
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International Financial Integration Through Equity Markets : Which Firms From Which Countries Go Global ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (49 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Claessens, Stijn International Financial Integration Through Equity Markets
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Capital ; Bank Policy ; Budget ; Capital Markets ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Exchange ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Support ; Globalization ; International Economy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Access To Capital ; Bank Policy ; Budget ; Capital Markets ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Exchange ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Support ; Globalization ; International Economy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Access To Capital ; Bank Policy ; Budget ; Capital Markets ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Exchange ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Support ; Globalization ; International Economy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises
    Kurzfassung: The authors study international financial integration analyzing firms from various countries raising capital, trading equity, and cross-listing in major world stock markets. Using a large sample of 39,517 firms from 111 countries covering the period 1989-2000, they find that, although international financial integration increases substantially over this period, only relatively few countries and firms actively participate in international markets. Firms more likely to internationalize are from larger and more open economies, with higher income, better macroeconomic policies, and worse institutional environments. These firms tend to be larger, grow faster, and have higher returns and more foreign sales. While changes occur with internationalization, these firm attributes are present before internationalization takes place. The results suggest that international financial integration will likely remain constrained by country and firm characteristics
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Beyond Legal Origin And Checks And Balances : Political Credibility, Citizen Information, And Financial Sector Development (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Keefer, Philip Beyond Legal Origin And Checks And Balances
    Schlagwort(e): Bank Accounts ; Bank Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Checks ; Contract ; Contract Rights ; Credibility ; Debt Markets ; Depositors ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Expropriation ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Inequality ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Social Protections and Labor ; Bank Accounts ; Bank Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Checks ; Contract ; Contract Rights ; Credibility ; Debt Markets ; Depositors ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Expropriation ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Inequality ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Social Protections and Labor ; Bank Accounts ; Bank Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Checks ; Contract ; Contract Rights ; Credibility ; Debt Markets ; Depositors ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Expropriation ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Inequality ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Privatization ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The existing literature emphasizes and contrasts the role of political checks and balances and legal origin in determining the pace of financial sector development. This paper expands substantially on one aspect of this debate: the fact that government actions that promote financial sector development, whether prudent financial regulation or secure property and contract rights, are public goods and sensitive to political incentives to provide public goods. Tests of hypotheses emanating from this argument yield four new conclusions. First, two key determinants of those incentives-the credibility of pre-electoral political promises and citizen information about politician decisions-systematically promote financial sector development. Second, these political factors, along with political checks and balances, operate in part through their influence on the security of property rights, an argument asserted but not previously tested. Third, contrary to findings elsewhere in the literature, the political determinants of financial sector development are significant even in the presence of controls for legal origin. Finally, and again in contrast to the literature, the evidence here suggests that legal origin primarily proxies for political phenomena. Legal origin is a largely insignificant determinant of financial sector development when those phenomena are fully taken into account
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Walking Up The Down Escalator : Public Investment And Fiscal Stability (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Easterly, William Walking Up The Down Escalator
    Schlagwort(e): Accounting ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Cash Flow ; Cash Flows ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Defic Exchange ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Discipline ; Future ; Investment Spending ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Accounting ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Cash Flow ; Cash Flows ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Defic Exchange ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Discipline ; Future ; Investment Spending ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Accounting ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Cash Flow ; Cash Flows ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Defic Exchange ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Discipline ; Future ; Investment Spending ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management
    Kurzfassung: Fiscal adjustment becomes like walking up the down escalator when growth-promoting spending is cut so much as to lower growth and thus the present value of future tax revenues to a degree that more than offsets the improvement in the cash deficit. Although short-term cash flows matter, a preponderant focus on them encourages governments to invest too little. Cash flow targets also encourage governments to shift investment spending off budget, by seeking private investment in public projects-irrespective of its real fiscal or economic benefits. To evade the action of cash flow targets, some have suggested excluding from their scope certain investments (such as those undertaken by public enterprises deemed commercial or financed by multilaterals). These stopgap remedies might sometimes help protect investment, but they do not provide a satisfactory solution to the underlying problem. Governments can more effectively reduce the biases created by the focus on short-term cash flows by developing indicators of the long-term fiscal effects of their decisions, including accounting and economic measures of net worth, and where appropriate including such measures in fiscal targets or even fiscal rules, replacing the exclusive focus on liquidity and debt
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade Integration In East Asia : The Role of China And Production Networks (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Haddad, Mona Trade Integration In East Asia
    Schlagwort(e): Capital ; Costs ; Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic Integration ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; Industrialization ; Industry ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Technology Industry ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Capital ; Costs ; Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic Integration ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; Industrialization ; Industry ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Technology Industry ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Capital ; Costs ; Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic Integration ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Income ; Increasing Returns ; Increasing Returns To Scale ; Industrialization ; Industry ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Technology Industry ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy
    Kurzfassung: Production networks have been at the heart of the recent growth in trade among East Asian countries. Fragmentation trade, reflected mainly in the trade in parts and components, is expanding more rapidly than the conventional trade in final goods. This is mainly due to the relatively more favorable policy setting for international production, agglomeration benefits arising from the early entry into this new form of specialization, considerable intercountry wage differentials in the region, lower trade and transport costs, and specialization in products exhibiting increasing returns to scale. The economic integration of China has deepened production fragmentation in East Asia, countering fears of crowding out other countries for international specialization. International production fragmentation in East Asia has intensified intraregional trade but has depended heavily on extraregional trade in final goods. While production networks centered on China have contributed significantly to growth in East Asia, they also breed vulnerabilities. They have not automatically led to technology spillovers and have led to an extreme interdependence across East Asian countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Quantitative Approaches To Fiscal Sustainability Analysis : A New World Bank Tool Applied To Turkey (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (41 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Budina, Nina Quantitative Approaches To Fiscal Sustainability Analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Balance of Payments ; Balance of Payments Crises ; Bank Policy ; Budget ; Business Cycle ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Management ; Debt Management Policies ; Debt Markets ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Deficits ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Balance of Payments ; Balance of Payments Crises ; Bank Policy ; Budget ; Business Cycle ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Management ; Debt Management Policies ; Debt Markets ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Deficits ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Balance of Payments ; Balance of Payments Crises ; Bank Policy ; Budget ; Business Cycle ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Management ; Debt Management Policies ; Debt Markets ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Deficits ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management
    Kurzfassung: Fiscal sustainability analysis (FSA) is an important component of macroeconomic analysis. The authors review various quantitative approaches to FSA with a major objective to bring these approaches together and to present a user-friendly tool for FSA that reflects modern developments. They combine a dynamic simulations approach with a simplified version of the steady-state consistency approach. They also incorporate two different methods to deal with uncertainty: user-defined stress tests and stochastic simulations. The tool goes further by evaluating the required fiscal adjustment as a consequence of the stochastic realizations of the exogenous variables. Furthermore, the fiscal sustainability tool incorporates an endogenous debt feedback rule for the primary surplus, a fiscal policy reaction function. Besides outlining the theoretical framework, the authors also present a case study for Turkey
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Controls On Capital Inflows And External Shocks (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: David, Antonio C Controls On Capital Inflows And External Shocks
    Schlagwort(e): Bank Policy ; Capital Account ; Capital Flows ; Capital Inflows ; Credit Expansion ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Domestic Interest Rates ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Shocks ; Interest ; International Rates ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Bank Policy ; Capital Account ; Capital Flows ; Capital Inflows ; Credit Expansion ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Domestic Interest Rates ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Shocks ; Interest ; International Rates ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Bank Policy ; Capital Account ; Capital Flows ; Capital Inflows ; Credit Expansion ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Domestic Interest Rates ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Shocks ; Interest ; International Rates ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: The author attempts to analyze whether price-based controls on capital inflows are successful in insulating economies against external shocks. He presents results from vector auto regressive (VAR) models that indicate that Chile and Colombia, countries that adopted controls on capital inflows, seem to have been relatively well insulated against external disturbances. Subsequently, he uses the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration to isolate the effects of the capital controls on the pass-through of external disturbances to domestic interest rates in those economies. The author concludes that there is evidence that the capital controls allowed for greater policy autonomy
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Enterprises, Workers, And Skills In Urban Timor-Leste (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (45 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: O'Keefe, Philip Enterprises, Workers, And Skills In Urban Timor-Leste
    Schlagwort(e): Basic Literacy ; Economic Volatility ; Employment ; Female Labor ; Female Labor Force ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Firm Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Job ; Job Creation ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Particip ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Microfinance ; Population Policies ; Social Protections and Labor ; Basic Literacy ; Economic Volatility ; Employment ; Female Labor ; Female Labor Force ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Firm Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Job ; Job Creation ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Particip ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Microfinance ; Population Policies ; Social Protections and Labor ; Basic Literacy ; Economic Volatility ; Employment ; Female Labor ; Female Labor Force ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Firm Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Job ; Job Creation ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Particip ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Microfinance ; Population Policies ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Like many low-income countries, Timor-Leste faces challenges in providing employment for and increasing the skills of its labor force-challenges made more acute by high fertility rates, a very young population, and the capacity constraints of a new nation. However, there is limited information for policymakers to formulate appropriate policies. The paper presents findings of the first urban enterprise survey in independent Timor-Leste. It explores several aspects of the Timorese urban labor market, including the profile of formal and informal enterprises, their behavior in terms of employment and wage-setting practices, and constraints on firm growth. It also presents findings on the skills and training needs of urban employers, and constraints faced in overcoming skills shortages. It finds a highly informal urban enterprise scene, where even "formal" enterprises are largely micro-enterprises. While there has been considerable action in terms of new firm creation since independence, there is already surprisingly low job creation or destruction. This is driven by a number of constraints inside and outside the labor market. With respect to wages, the impacts of the informal minimum wage policy inherited from the interim international administration suggest the need for caution in future wage policy development. While employers identify many skills gaps, basic literacy, numeracy, and language skill needs dominate, and employers appear to value short courses and less formal modes of skills training to address their needs. The paper concludes with suggestions for addressing the key constraints identified
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Pricing Dynamics of Utilities With Underdeveloped Networks (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Kessides, Ioannis N The Pricing Dynamics of Utilities With Underdeveloped Networks
    Schlagwort(e): Choice ; Consumers ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Discount Rate ; Diseconomies of Scale ; E-Business ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Investment ; Low Tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Optimization ; Private Sector Development ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Choice ; Consumers ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Discount Rate ; Diseconomies of Scale ; E-Business ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Investment ; Low Tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Optimization ; Private Sector Development ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Choice ; Consumers ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Discount Rate ; Diseconomies of Scale ; E-Business ; Economic Efficiency ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Investment ; Low Tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal Costs ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Optimization ; Private Sector Development ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses an analytically tractable intertemporal framework for analyzing the dynamic pricing of a utility with an underdeveloped network (a typical case in most developing countries) facing a competitive fringe, short-run network adjustment costs, theft of service, and the threat of a retaliatory regulatory review that is increasing with the price it charges. This simple dynamic optimization model yields a number of powerful policy insights and conclusions. Under a variety of plausible assumptions (in the context of developing countries) the utility will find its long-run profits enhanced if it exercises restraint in the early stages of network development by holding price below the limit defined by the unit costs of the fringe. The utility's optimal price gradually converges toward the limit price as its network expands. Moreover, when the utility is threatened with retaliatory regulatory intervention, it will generally have incentives to restrain its pricing behavior. These findings have important implications for the design of post-privatization regulatory governance in developing countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    China, India, And The Future of The World Economy : Fierce Competition Or Shared Growth? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Dimaranan, Betina China, India, And The Future of The World Economy
    Schlagwort(e): Comparative advantage ; Competitiveness ; Debt ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Human capital ; Income ; Income levels ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Partial equilibrium analyses ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Total factor productivity ; Trade Policy ; Comparative advantage ; Competitiveness ; Debt ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Human capital ; Income ; Income levels ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Partial equilibrium analyses ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Total factor productivity ; Trade Policy ; Comparative advantage ; Competitiveness ; Debt ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export growth ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Human capital ; Income ; Income levels ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Partial equilibrium analyses ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Total factor productivity ; Trade Policy
    Kurzfassung: Although both China and India are labor-abundant and dependant on manufactures, their export mixes are very different. Only one product-refined petroleum-appears in the top 25 products for both countries, and services exports are roughly twice as important for India as for China, which is much better integrated into global production networks. Even assuming India also begins to integrate into global production chains and expands exports of manufactures, there seems to be opportunity for rapid growth in both countries. Accelerated growth through efficiency improvements in China and India, especially in their high-tech industries, will intensify competition in global markets leading to contraction of the manufacturing sectors in many countries. Improvement in the range and quality of exports from China and India has the potential to create substantial welfare benefits for the world, and for China and India, and to act as a powerful offset to the terms-of-trade losses otherwise associated with rapid export growth. However, without efforts to keep up with China and India, some countries may see further erosion of their export shares and high-tech manufacturing sectors
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Watching More Than The Discovery Channel : Export Cycles And Diversification In Development (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Brenton, Paul Watching More Than The Discovery Channel
    Schlagwort(e): Barriers to entry ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export market ; Export markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market failure ; Market failures ; Market penetration ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Potential demand ; Private Sector Development ; Volatility ; Barriers to entry ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export market ; Export markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market failure ; Market failures ; Market penetration ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Potential demand ; Private Sector Development ; Volatility ; Barriers to entry ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export market ; Export markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market failure ; Market failures ; Market penetration ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Potential demand ; Private Sector Development ; Volatility
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the export performance of 99 countries over 1995-2004 to understand the relative roles of export growth through "discovery" of new products and growth during post-discovery phases of the export product cycle -- acceleration and maturation -- in existing markets and expansion into new geographic markets. The authors find that expanding existing products in existing markets (growth at the intensive margin) has greater weight in export growth than diversification into new products and new geographic markets (growth at the extensive margin). Moreover, growth into new geographic markets appears to be more important than discovery of new export products in explaining export growth. Of particular importance is whether an exporting country succeeds in reaching more national markets that are already importing the product it makes. This geographic index of market penetration is a powerful explanatory variable of export performance. This suggests that governments should not focus solely or even primarily on the discovery channel, but also seek to identify and address market failures that are constraining exporters in subsequent phases of the export cycle
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Specialization And Adjustment During The Growth of China And India : The Latin American Experience (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Lederman, Daniel Specialization And Adjustment During The Growth of China And India
    Schlagwort(e): Comparative advantage ; Econometric estimates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Global integration ; Gross domestic product ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Patterns of trade ; Public Sector Development ; Specialization ; Terms of trade ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; World markets ; Comparative advantage ; Econometric estimates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Global integration ; Gross domestic product ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Patterns of trade ; Public Sector Development ; Specialization ; Terms of trade ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; World markets ; Comparative advantage ; Econometric estimates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Free Trade ; Global integration ; Gross domestic product ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market share ; Markets and Market Access ; Patterns of trade ; Public Sector Development ; Specialization ; Terms of trade ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; World markets
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the extent to which the growth of China and India in world markets is affecting the patterns of trade specialization in Latin American economies. The authors construct Vollrath's measure of revealed comparative advantage by 3-digit ISIC sector, country, and year. This measure accounts for both imports and exports. The empirical analyses explore the correlation between the revealed comparative advantage of Latin America and the two Asian economies. Econometric estimates suggest that the specialization pattern of Latin A-with the exception of Mexico-has been moving in opposite direction of the trade specialization pattern of China and India. Labor-intensive sectors (both unskilled and skilled) probably have been negatively affected by the growing presence of China and India in world markets, while natural resource and scientific knowledge intensive sectors have probably benefited from China and India's growth since 1990
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oil Spills On Other Commodities (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Baffes, John Oil Spills On Other Commodities
    Schlagwort(e): Agricultural commodities ; Commodities ; Crude oil ; Crude oil price ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Fuel ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Oil ; Oil Spills ; Oil importing countries ; Oil prices ; Price of oil ; Private Sector Development ; Raw materials ; Agricultural commodities ; Commodities ; Crude oil ; Crude oil price ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Fuel ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Oil ; Oil Spills ; Oil importing countries ; Oil prices ; Price of oil ; Private Sector Development ; Raw materials ; Agricultural commodities ; Commodities ; Crude oil ; Crude oil price ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Fuel ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Oil ; Oil Spills ; Oil importing countries ; Oil prices ; Price of oil ; Private Sector Development ; Raw materials
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the effect of crude oil prices on the prices of 35 internationally traded primary commodities for the 1960-2005 period. It finds that the pass-through of crude oil price changes to the overall non-energy commodity index is 0.16. At a more disaggregated level, the fertilizer index had the highest pass-through (0.33), followed by agriculture (0.17), and metals (0.11). The prices of precious metals also exhibited a strong response to the crude oil price. In terms of individual commodities, the estimates of the food group exhibited remarkable similarity while those of raw materials and metals gave a mixed picture. The implication is that if crude oil prices remain high for some time, as most analysts expect, then the recent commodity price boom is likely to last much longer than earlier booms, at least for food commodities. The other commodities, however, are likely to follow diverging paths. On the methodological side, the results show that price indices, while providing useful summary statistics, need to be supplemented by individual commodity analysis
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Developing Economies And International Investors : Do Investment Promotion Agencies Bring Them Together ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (52 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Harding, Torfinn Developing Economies And International Investors
    Schlagwort(e): Affiliated organizations ; Debt Markets ; Domestic investment ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign direct investment ; Foreign investors ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Investors ; Investment Promotion ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment incentives ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Public Disclosure ; Tax rates ; Affiliated organizations ; Debt Markets ; Domestic investment ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign direct investment ; Foreign investors ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Investors ; Investment Promotion ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment incentives ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Public Disclosure ; Tax rates ; Affiliated organizations ; Debt Markets ; Domestic investment ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign direct investment ; Foreign investors ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Investors ; Investment Promotion ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment incentives ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Public Disclosure ; Tax rates
    Kurzfassung: Many countries spend significant resources on investment promotion agencies in the hope of attracting inflows of foreign direct investment. Despite the importance of this question for public policy choices, little is known about the effectiveness of investment promotion efforts. This study uses newly collected data on national investment promotion agencies in 109 countries to examine the effects of investment promotion on foreign direct investment inflows. The empirical analysis follows two approaches. First, it tests whether sectors explicitly targeted by investment promotion agencies receive more foreign direct investment in the post-targeting period relative to the pre-targeting period and non-targeted sectors. Second, it examines whether the existence of an investment promotion agency is correlated with higher foreign direct investment inflows. Results from both approaches point to the same conclusion. Investment promotion efforts appear to increase foreign direct investment inflows to developing countries. Moreover, agency characteristics, such as the agency's legal status and reporting structure, affect the effectiveness of investment promotion. There is also evidence of diversion of foreign direct investment due to investment incentives offered by other countries in the same geographic region
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Substitution Between Foreign Capital In China, India, The Rest of The World, And Latin America : Much Ado About Nothing ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Cravino, Javier Substitution Between Foreign Capital In China, India, The Rest of The World, And Latin America
    Schlagwort(e): Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial support ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign direct investment ; Foreign investment ; International Economics & Trade ; International investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Manufacturing ; Natural resources ; Private Sector Development ; Production processes ; Results ; Search ; Web ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial support ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign direct investment ; Foreign investment ; International Economics & Trade ; International investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Manufacturing ; Natural resources ; Private Sector Development ; Production processes ; Results ; Search ; Web ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial support ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign direct investment ; Foreign investment ; International Economics & Trade ; International investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Manufacturing ; Natural resources ; Private Sector Development ; Production processes ; Results ; Search ; Web
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the impact of the emergence of China and India on foreign capital stocks in other economies. Using bilateral data from 1990-2003 and drawing from the knowledge-capital model of the multinational enterprises to control for fundamental determinants of foreign capital stocks across countries, the evidence suggests that the impact of foreign capital in China and India on other countries' foreign capital stocks has been positive. This finding is robust to the use of ordinary least squares, Poisson, and negative binomial estimators; to the inclusion of time and country-pair fixed effects; to the inclusion of natural-resource endowments; and to the use of the sum of foreign capital stocks in Hong Kong (China) and mainland China instead of using only the latter's foreign capital stocks. There is surprisingly weak evidence of substitution in manufacturing foreign capital stocks away from Central America and Mexico in favor of China, and from the Southern Cone countries to India, but these findings are not robust to the use of alternative estimation techniques
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Coordinating Public Debt Management With Fiscal And Monetary Policies : An Analytical Framework (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (37 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Togo, Eriko Coordinating Public Debt Management With Fiscal And Monetary Policies
    Schlagwort(e): Asset liability management ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal policy ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; Liability ; Liability management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policies ; Monetary policy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Debt ; Public Debt Management ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Treasury ; Asset liability management ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal policy ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; Liability ; Liability management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policies ; Monetary policy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Debt ; Public Debt Management ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Treasury ; Asset liability management ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal policy ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; Liability ; Liability management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policies ; Monetary policy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Debt ; Public Debt Management ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Treasury
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regional Integration In South Asia : What Role For Trade Facilitation ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (37 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Wilson, John S Regional Integration In South Asia
    DDC: 330
    Schlagwort(e): Common Carriers Industry ; Congestion ; Costs Of Transportation ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Freight Flows ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Port Authorities ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Costs ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport Sector ; Transport Systems ; Transport and Trade Logistics ; Common Carriers Industry ; Congestion ; Costs Of Transportation ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Freight Flows ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Port Authorities ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Costs ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport Sector ; Transport Systems ; Transport and Trade Logistics ; Common Carriers Industry ; Congestion ; Costs Of Transportation ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Freight Flows ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Port Authorities ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Costs ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport Sector ; Transport Systems ; Transport and Trade Logistics
    Kurzfassung: The trade performance of countries in South Asia over the past two decades has been poor relative to other regions. Exports from South Asia have doubled over the past 20 years to approximately USD 100 billion. In contrast, East Asia's exports grew ten times over the same period. The low level of intraregional trade has contributed to weak export performance in South Asia. The empirical analysis in this paper demonstrates gains to trade in the region from reform and capacity building in trade facilitation at the regional level. When considering intraregional trade, if countries in South Asia raise capacity halfway to East Asia's average, trade is estimated to rise by USD 2.6 billion. This is approximately 60 percent of the total intraregional trade in South Asia. Countries in the region also have a stake in the success of efforts to promote capacity building outside its borders. If South Asia and the rest of the world were to raise their levels of trade facilitation halfway to the East Asian average, the gains to the region would be estimated at USD 36 billion. Out of those gains, about 87 percent of the total would be generated from South Asia's own efforts (leaving the rest of the world unchanged). In summary, we find that the South Asian region's expansion of trade can be substantially advanced with programs of concrete action to address barriers to trade facilitation to advance regional goals
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Russian WTO Accession : What Has Been Accomplished, What Can Be Expected (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (20 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Tarr, David Russian WTO Accession
    Schlagwort(e): Accession Negotiations ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Investors ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Member Countries ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; WTO ; WTO Accession ; WTO Members ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Accession Negotiations ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Investors ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Member Countries ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; WTO ; WTO Accession ; WTO Members ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Accession Negotiations ; Debt Markets ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Investors ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Member Countries ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; WTO ; WTO Accession ; WTO Members ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization
    Kurzfassung: This paper summarizes the principal reform commitments that Russia has undertaken as part of its World Trade Organization (WTO) accession negotiations, providing detailed assessments in banking, insurance, and agriculture. The paper assesses the gains to the Russian economy from these commitments, based on a summary of several modeling efforts undertaken by the author and his colleagues. The author compares Russian commitments with those of other countries that have recently acceded to the WTO to assess the claim that the demands on Russia are excessive due to political considerations. He explains why Russian WTO accession will result in the elimination of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment against Russia. Finally, he discusses the remaining issues in the negotiations and the time frame for Russian accession as of the fall of 2007
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Do Remittances Have A Flip Side ? : A General Equilibrium Analysis of Remittances, Labor Supply Responses, And Policy Options For Jamaica (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Bussolo, Maurizio Do Remittances Have A Flip Side ?
    Schlagwort(e): Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Econometric analysis has established a negative relationship between labor supply and remittances in Jamaica. The authors incorporate this ex-post evidence in a general equilibrium model to investigate economywide effects of increased remittance inflows. In this model, remittances reduce labor force participation by increasing the reservation wages of recipients. This exacerbates the real exchange rate appreciation, hurting Jamaica's export base and small manufacturing import-competing sector. Within the narrow margins of maneuver of a highly indebted government, the authors show that a revenue-neutral policy response of a simultaneous reduction in payroll taxes and increase in sales taxes can effectively counteract these potentially negative effects of remittances
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Market Structure And Market Access (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Francois, Joseph Market Structure And Market Access
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Competition ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Distribution ; Domestic Market ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Access ; Market Power ; Market Structure ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Retail ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Access to Markets ; Competition ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Distribution ; Domestic Market ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Access ; Market Power ; Market Structure ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Retail ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Access to Markets ; Competition ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Distribution ; Domestic Market ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Access ; Market Power ; Market Structure ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Retail ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy
    Kurzfassung: The authors examine an issue at the nexus of domestic competition policy and international trade, the interaction between goods trade and market power in domestic trade and distribution sectors. Theory suggests a set of linkages between service-sector competition and goods trade supported by econometrics involving imports of 22 OECD countries compared with 69 exporters. Competition in services affects the volume of goods trade. Additionally, because of interaction between tariffs and competition, the market structure of the domestic service sector becomes increasingly important as tariffs are reduced. Empirically service competition apparently matters most for exporters in smaller, poorer countries. The results also suggest that while negotiated agreements leading to cross-border services liberalization may boost goods trade as well, they may also lead to a fall in goods trade when such liberalization involves foreign direct investment leading to increased service sector concentration
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regional Disparities In Labor Market Performance In Croatia : The Role of Individual And Regional Structural Characteristics (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Luo, Xubei Regional Disparities In Labor Market Performance In Croatia
    Schlagwort(e): Age Groups ; Earning ; Employment Rate ; Employment Service ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Human Capital ; Job ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Development ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Social Protections and Labor ; Age Groups ; Earning ; Employment Rate ; Employment Service ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Human Capital ; Job ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Development ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Social Protections and Labor ; Age Groups ; Earning ; Employment Rate ; Employment Service ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Human Capital ; Job ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Development ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The labor market performance in Croatia failed to keep pace with the moderately good overall macroeconomic development in the past few years. Youth, the less well-educated, and women face more difficulties in getting a job with a decent salary. A large part of the difference in regional labor market performance is associated with the difference in the human capital endowment. With a stagnant total employment rate, the large disparities in employment and earnings across individual groups and regions have become one of the concerns for the long-term sustainable development of the economy. Using Labor Force Survey (LFS) data from 2002-04, this paper studies the labor market performance in Croatia at the national and regional levels. The results show that both one's individual characteristics (including age, education and gender) and where he or she works plays a role in his or her employment and earnings. Regional differences in employment and earnings are reduced to a large extent when accounting for differences in individual characteristics. The simulations shed light on the effectiveness of the nationwide education policy and regional specific labor market policy, and suggest that improving human capital endowment and adjusting labor market structure are both important to rebalance regional development and enhance total welfare
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Firm Innovation In Emerging Markets : The Roles of Governance And Finance (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Ayyagari, Meghana Firm Innovation In Emerging Markets
    Schlagwort(e): Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor ; Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor ; Competitor ; Competitors ; Cooperatives ; Corporations ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economy ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Entrepreneurs ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institution ; Financial Literacy ; Firm ; Firm Size ; Firms ; Foreign Partners ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The authors investigate the determinants of firm innovation in over 19,000 firms across 47 developing economies. They define the innovation process broadly, to include not only core innovation such as the introduction of new products and new technologies, but also other types of activities that promote knowledge transfers and adapt production processes. The authors find that more innovative firms are large exporting firms characterized by private ownership, highly educated managers with mid-level managerial experience, and access to external finance. In contrast, firms that do not innovate much are typically state-owned firms without foreign competitors. The identity of the controlling shareholder seems to be particularly important for core innovation, with those private firms whose controlling shareholder is a financial institution being the least innovative. While the use of external finance is associated with greater innovation by all private firms, it does not make state-owned firms more innovative. Financing from foreign banks is associated with higher levels of innovation compared with financing from domestic banks
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The "How To" of Fiscal Sustainability : A Technical Manual For Using The Fiscal Sustainability Tool (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (71 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Bandiera, Luca The "How To" of Fiscal Sustainability
    Schlagwort(e): Bank Policy ; Contingent Liabilities ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Data ; Debt Management ; Debt Markets ; Defic Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policy ; Inflation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marke ; Private Sector Development ; Bank Policy ; Contingent Liabilities ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Data ; Debt Management ; Debt Markets ; Defic Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policy ; Inflation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marke ; Private Sector Development ; Bank Policy ; Contingent Liabilities ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Data ; Debt Management ; Debt Markets ; Defic Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Policy ; Inflation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marke ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: Fiscal sustainability analysis (FSA) is an important component of macroeconomic analysis for many developing countries. To further enhance understanding of fiscal policy and the constraints faced by policymakers, the authors develop a toolkit for FSA in middle-income countries which builds on previous work in this area and on new developments in dealing with uncertainty. The FSA toolkit includes an Excel-based FSA tool and a technical manual accompanying it. The FSA tool is standardized and simple, but at the same time flexible enough to allow for user-defined country-specifics. This manual provides step-by-step technical instructions for running the FSA tool and includes mathematical appendices and a glossary
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Are Price-Based Capital Account Regulations Effective In Developing Countries ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: David, Antonio C Are Price-Based Capital Account Regulations Effective In Developing Countries ?
    Schlagwort(e): Asset Price ; Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Boom-Bust Cycle ; Capital Account ; Capital Flows ; Capital Flows ; Capital Inflows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Liberal ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Asset Price ; Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Boom-Bust Cycle ; Capital Account ; Capital Flows ; Capital Flows ; Capital Inflows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Liberal ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Asset Price ; Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Boom-Bust Cycle ; Capital Account ; Capital Flows ; Capital Flows ; Capital Inflows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Liberal ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: The author evaluates the effectiveness of policy measures adopted by Chile and Colombia, aiming to mitigate the deleterious effects of pro-cyclical capital flows. In the case of Chile, according to his Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) analysis, capital controls succeeded in reducing net short-term capital flows but did not affect long-term flows. As far as Colombia is concerned, the regulations were capable of affecting total flows and also long-term ones. In addition, the co-integration models indicate that the regulations did not have a direct effect on the real exchange rate in the Chilean case. Nonetheless, the model used for Colombia did detect a direct impact of the capital controls on the real exchange rate. Therefore, the results do not seem to support the idea that those regulations were easily evaded
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Financial Services And Trade Agreements In Latin America And The Caribbean : An Overview (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (50 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Stephanou, Constantinos Financial Services And Trade Agreements In Latin America And The Caribbean
    Schlagwort(e): Banks and Banking Reform ; Barriers ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Integration ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Market ; Financial Services ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; Foreign Bank ; Free Trad ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Trade Law ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade and Services ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Barriers ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Integration ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Market ; Financial Services ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; Foreign Bank ; Free Trad ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Trade Law ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade and Services ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Barriers ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Integration ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Market ; Financial Services ; Financial System ; Financial Systems ; Foreign Bank ; Free Trad ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Trade Law ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade and Services
    Kurzfassung: The authors review the international framework governing trade in financial services, describe the treatment of financial services in recent trade agreements involving Latin America and Caribbean countries, and analyze the liberalization commitments made in three selected country case studies-Chile, Colombia, and Costa Rica. They give emphasis to free trade agreements because of the generally deeper level of liberalization and rule-making achieved to-date. The authors discuss some of the causes and potential implications of their findings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Insurgency And Credible Commitment In Autocracies And Democracies (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Keefer, Philip Insurgency And Credible Commitment In Autocracies And Democracies
    Schlagwort(e): Armed Conflict ; Citizen ; Citizens ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Emerging Markets ; Ethnic Groups ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Labor Policies ; Natural Resources ; Parliamentary Government ; Policies ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Political Parties ; Population ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Conflict ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Armed Conflict ; Citizen ; Citizens ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Emerging Markets ; Ethnic Groups ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Labor Policies ; Natural Resources ; Parliamentary Government ; Policies ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Political Parties ; Population ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Conflict ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Armed Conflict ; Citizen ; Citizens ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Emerging Markets ; Ethnic Groups ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Labor Policies ; Natural Resources ; Parliamentary Government ; Policies ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Political Parties ; Population ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Conflict ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This paper suggests a new factor that makes civil war more likely: the inability of political actors to make credible promises to broad segments of society. Lacking this ability, both elected and unelected governments pursue public policies that leave citizens less well-off and more prone to revolt. At the same time, these actors have a reduced ability to build an anti-insurgency capacity in the first place, since they are less able to prevent anti-insurgents from themselves mounting coups. But while reducing the risk of conflict overall, increasing credibility can, over some range, worsen the effects of natural resources and ethnic fragmentation on civil war. Empirical tests using various measures of political credibility support these conclusions
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oil And The Propensity To Armed Struggle In The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Oyefusi, Aderoju Oil And The Propensity To Armed Struggle In The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
    Schlagwort(e): Civil Conflict ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Disability ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education and Society ; Educational Attainment ; Environmental Damage ; Ethnic Group ; Ethnic Groups ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immigration ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Minority ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Civil Conflict ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Disability ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education and Society ; Educational Attainment ; Environmental Damage ; Ethnic Group ; Ethnic Groups ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immigration ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Minority ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Civil Conflict ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Disability ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education and Society ; Educational Attainment ; Environmental Damage ; Ethnic Group ; Ethnic Groups ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immigration ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Minority ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Political Economy ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This paper attempts to explain the determinants of the propensity to armed struggle and the probability of participation by individuals in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria using primary (micro) data. While grievance appears to be pervasive among individuals and communities in the region and can be systematically explained, neither the grievance level nor its commonly cited causal factors appear to be strong enough to create a disposition toward armed rebellion. Rather, factors that reduce the opportunity cost and risk of participation or increase the perceived benefits appear to be more important. The study identifies three of these factors that are amenable to the policymaker's (government's) control as income level, educational attainment, and government presence
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Weaponomics : The Global Market For Assault Rifles (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Killicoat, Phillip Weaponomics
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Black Market ; Commodity Prices ; Conflict and Development ; Demand ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Factor Prices ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Conditions ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Peace and Peacekeeping ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Price ; Price Index ; Price Variation ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Access to Markets ; Black Market ; Commodity Prices ; Conflict and Development ; Demand ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Factor Prices ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Conditions ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Peace and Peacekeeping ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Price ; Price Index ; Price Variation ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Access to Markets ; Black Market ; Commodity Prices ; Conflict and Development ; Demand ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Factor Prices ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Conditions ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Peace and Peacekeeping ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Price ; Price Index ; Price Variation ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production
    Kurzfassung: This paper introduces the first effort to quantitatively document the small arms market by collating field reports and journalist accounts to produce a cross-country time-series price index of Kalashnikov assault rifles. A model of the small arms market is developed and empirically estimated to identify the key determinants of assault rifle prices. Variables which proxy the effective height of trade barriers for illicit trade are consistently significant in determining weapon price variation. When controlling for other factors, the collapse of the Soviet Union does not have as large an impact on weapon prices as is generally believed
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Infrastructure And Trade Preferences For The Livestock Sector : Empirical Evidence From The Beef Industry In Africa (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Iimi, Atsushi Infrastructure And Trade Preferences For The Livestock Sector
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Kurzfassung: Trade preferences are expected to facilitate global market integration and offer the potential for rapid economic growth and poverty reduction for developing countries. But those preferences do not always guarantee sustainable external competitiveness to beneficiary countries and may risk discouraging their efforts to improve underlying productivity. This paper examines the EU beef import market where several African countries have been granted preferential treatment. The estimation results suggest that profitability improvement achieved by countries under the Cotonou protocol compares unfavorably with the returns to nonbeneficiary countries in recent years. Rather, it shows that public infrastructure, such as paved roads, has an important role in lowering production costs and thus increasing external competitiveness and market shares
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Measuring Welfare Gains From Better Quality Infrastructure (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Lokshin, Michael Measuring Welfare Gains From Better Quality Infrastructure
    Schlagwort(e): Air Pollution ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensating Variation ; Consumption ; Consumption Patterns ; Demand ; Drinking Water ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equivalent Variation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Invest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water and Industry ; Air Pollution ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensating Variation ; Consumption ; Consumption Patterns ; Demand ; Drinking Water ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equivalent Variation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Invest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water and Industry ; Air Pollution ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensating Variation ; Consumption ; Consumption Patterns ; Demand ; Drinking Water ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Equivalent Variation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Income ; Industry ; Information ; Invest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water and Industry
    Kurzfassung: Projects and reforms targeting infrastructure services can affect consumer welfare through changes in the price, coverage, or quality of the services provided. The benefits of improved service quality-while significant-are often overlooked because they are difficult to quantify. This paper reviews methods of evaluating the welfare implications of changes in the quality of infrastructure services within the broader theoretical perspective of welfare measurement. The study outlines the theoretical assumptions and data requirements involved, illustrating each method with examples that highlight common methodological features and differences. The paper also presents the theoretical underpinnings and potential applications of a new approach to analyzing the effects of interruptions in the supply of infrastructure services on household welfare
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Choosing The Currency Structure For Sovereign Debt : A Review of Current Approaches (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Melecky, Martin Choosing The Currency Structure For Sovereign Debt
    Schlagwort(e): Bank Policy ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Management ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange rate ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Exchange ; Foreign Exchange Risk ; Foreign currencies ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary policy ; Private Sector Development ; Risk Management ; Sovereign Debt ; Bank Policy ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Management ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange rate ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Exchange ; Foreign Exchange Risk ; Foreign currencies ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary policy ; Private Sector Development ; Risk Management ; Sovereign Debt ; Bank Policy ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Currency ; Debt Management ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange rate ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Exchange ; Foreign Exchange Risk ; Foreign currencies ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary policy ; Private Sector Development ; Risk Management ; Sovereign Debt
    Kurzfassung: This paper acknowledges the fact that some countries have to borrow in foreign currencies due to the various constraints they face. Starting from this point, the author reviews approaches for trying to determine the currency structure for sovereign debt, and discusses some issues inherent in these approaches. The analysis mainly focuses on the correlations of domestic fundamentals with the actual versus equilibrium exchange rate in light of the long-term perspective of a debt manager and changing exchange rate regimes. In addition, the author makes some observations on the characterization of exchange rate volatilities in the existing approaches
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Economic Community of West African States : Fiscal Revenue Implications of The Prospective Economic Partnership Agreement With The European Union (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Nielsen, Lynge The Economic Community of West African States
    Schlagwort(e): Applied Tariff ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gross Domestic Product ; Import Tariff ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Trade ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff revenue ; Trade Agreement ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Applied Tariff ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gross Domestic Product ; Import Tariff ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Trade ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff revenue ; Trade Agreement ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Applied Tariff ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Gross Domestic Product ; Import Tariff ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Trade ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff revenue ; Trade Agreement ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy
    Kurzfassung: This paper applies a partial equilibrium model to analyze the fiscal revenue implications of the prospective economic partnership agreement between the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the European Union. The authors find that, under standard import price and substitution elasticity assumptions, eliminating tariffs on all imports from the European Union would increase ECOWAS' imports from the European Union by 10.5-11.5 percent for selected ECOWAS countries, namely Cape Verde, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal. This increase in imports would be accompanied by a 2.4-5.6 percent decrease in total government revenues, owing mainly to lower fiscal revenues. Tariff revenue losses should represent 1 percent of GDP in Nigeria, 1.7 percent in Ghana, 2 percent in Senegal, and 3.6 percent in Cape Verde. However, the revenue losses may be manageable because of several mitigating factors, in particular the likelihood of product exclusions, the length of the agreement's implementation period, and the scope for reform of exemption regimes. The large country-by-country differences in fiscal revenue loss suggest that domestic tax reforms and fiscal transfers within ECOWAS could be important complements to the agreement's implementation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Can foreign lobbying enhance development ? : The case of tourism in the Caribbean (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (25 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Rojas, Gabriel V. Montes Can foreign lobbying enhance development ?
    Schlagwort(e): Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Developed countries ; Developing countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Environment ; Export earnings ; Hotels ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Lobbying ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Real income ; Tariff preferences ; Tourism ; Tourism and Ecotourism ; Trade Policy ; Trade promotion ; Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Developed countries ; Developing countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Environment ; Export earnings ; Hotels ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Lobbying ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Real income ; Tariff preferences ; Tourism ; Tourism and Ecotourism ; Trade Policy ; Trade promotion ; Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Developed countries ; Developing countries ; Economic Theory and Research ; Environment ; Export earnings ; Hotels ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Lobbying ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Real income ; Tariff preferences ; Tourism ; Tourism and Ecotourism ; Trade Policy ; Trade promotion
    Kurzfassung: There exist legal channels for informational lobbying of U.S. policymakers by foreign principals. Foreign governments and private sector principals frequently and intensively use this institutional channel to lobby on trade and tourism issues. The authors empirically study whether such lobbying effectively achieves its goal of trade promotion in the context of Caribbean tourism and it is the first paper to examine the potential for using foreign lobbying as a vehicle for development. They use panel data to explore and quantify the association between foreign lobbying by Caribbean principals and U.S. tourist arrivals to Caribbean destinations. A variety of sensitivity analyses support the finding of a strong association. The policy implications are obvious and potentially important for developing countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A cross-country analysis of public debt management strategies (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Melecky, Martin A cross-country analysis of public debt management strategies
    Schlagwort(e): Debt Management Department ; Debt Management Strategies ; Debt Markets ; Debt management strategy ; Debt managers ; Debt obligations ; Debt portfolio ; Debt servicing ; Economic Theory and Research ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Government debt ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Debt ; Public Debt Management ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Strategic Debt Management ; Debt Management Department ; Debt Management Strategies ; Debt Markets ; Debt management strategy ; Debt managers ; Debt obligations ; Debt portfolio ; Debt servicing ; Economic Theory and Research ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Government debt ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Debt ; Public Debt Management ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Strategic Debt Management ; Debt Management Department ; Debt Management Strategies ; Debt Markets ; Debt management strategy ; Debt managers ; Debt obligations ; Debt portfolio ; Debt servicing ; Economic Theory and Research ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Government debt ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Debt ; Public Debt Management ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Strategic Debt Management
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyzes results of a survey on debt management strategies conducted by the Banking and Debt Management Department of the World Bank. The analysis focuses on (1) whether a public debt management strategy exists in a given country, (2) whether it is made public, and (3) in which form it is imparted. The paper analyzes the distribution of the latter characteristics over different regions, income groups, and levels of indebtedness using graphical analysis. Using regression analysis, it investigates the extent to which basic economic factors can explain the characteristics of public debt management strategies across countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    European Community--Sugar : Cross-Subsidization And The World Trade Organization (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Hoekman, Bernard European Community--Sugar
    Schlagwort(e): Agribusiness and Markets ; Agriculture ; Consumers ; Cost functions ; Cross subsidization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Net exports ; Rural Development ; Subsidization ; Tax Law ; Trade Law ; Uruguay Round ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Agriculture ; Consumers ; Cost functions ; Cross subsidization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Net exports ; Rural Development ; Subsidization ; Tax Law ; Trade Law ; Uruguay Round ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Agriculture ; Consumers ; Cost functions ; Cross subsidization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Net exports ; Rural Development ; Subsidization ; Tax Law ; Trade Law ; Uruguay Round ; WTO ; World Trade Organization
    Kurzfassung: An important recent World Trade Organization dispute settlement case for many developing countries concerned European Union exports of sugar. Brazil, Thailand, and Australia alleged that the exports have substantially exceeded permitted levels as established by European Union commitments in the WTO. This case had major implications for both European Union sugar producers and developing countries that benefited from preferential access to the European Union market. It was also noteworthy in the use of economic arguments by the WTO dispute settlement panel, which held that the excess sugar exports were in part a reflection of illegal de facto cross-subsidization-rents from production that benefited from high support prices being used to cover losses associated with exports of sugar to the world market. Although in principle the economic arguments of the panel could apply to many other policy areas, in practice WTO provisions greatly limit the scope to bring similar arguments for trade in products that are not subject to explicit export subsidy reduction commitments of the type that were made for sugar and other agricultural commodities
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Impact of Trade With China And India On Argentina's Manufacturing Employment (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Castro, Lucio The Impact of Trade With China And India On Argentina's Manufacturing Employment
    Schlagwort(e): Capital Stock ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Demand ; Distortions ; Econometric Model ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange Rate ; Exchange Rate Appreciation ; Exchange Rate Appreciations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Import ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Water Res ; Water and Industry ; Capital Stock ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Demand ; Distortions ; Econometric Model ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange Rate ; Exchange Rate Appreciation ; Exchange Rate Appreciations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Import ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Water Res ; Water and Industry ; Capital Stock ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Demand ; Distortions ; Econometric Model ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange Rate ; Exchange Rate Appreciation ; Exchange Rate Appreciations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Import ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Water Res ; Water and Industry
    Kurzfassung: For many in Latin America, the increasing participation of China and India in international markets is seen as a looming shadow of two "mighty giants" on the region's manufacturing sector. Are they really mighty giants when it comes to their impact on manufacturing employment? The authors attempt to answer this question by estimating the effects of trade with China and India on Argentina's industrial employment. They use a dynamic econometric model and industry level data to estimate the effects of trade with China and India on the level of employment in Argentina's manufacturing sector. Results suggest that trade with China and India only had a small negative effect on industrial employment, even during the swift trade liberalization of the 1990s
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Institutions, Infrastructure, And Trade (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Francois, Joseph Institutions, Infrastructure, And Trade
    Schlagwort(e): Air ; Air Transport ; Common Carriers Industry ; Driving ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Industry ; Infrastructure ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Property Rights ; Public Sector Development ; Roads ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Training ; Trains ; Transp ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport and Trade Logistics ; Air ; Air Transport ; Common Carriers Industry ; Driving ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Industry ; Infrastructure ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Property Rights ; Public Sector Development ; Roads ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Training ; Trains ; Transp ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport and Trade Logistics ; Air ; Air Transport ; Common Carriers Industry ; Driving ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Freight ; Industry ; Infrastructure ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Property Rights ; Public Sector Development ; Roads ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Training ; Trains ; Transp ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Transport and Trade Logistics
    Kurzfassung: The authors examine the influence of infrastructure, institutional quality, colonial and geographic context, and trade preferences on the pattern of bilateral trade. They are interested in threshold effects, and so emphasize those cases where bilateral country pairs do not actually trade. The authors depart from the institutions and infrastructure literature in this respect, using selection-based gravity modeling of trade flows. They also depart from this literature by mixing principal components (to condense the institutional and infrastructure measures) with a focus on deviations in the resulting indexes from expected values for given income cohorts to control for multicollinearity. The authors work with a panel of 284,049 bilateral trade flows from 1988 to 2002. Matching bilateral trade and tariff data and controlling for tariff preferences, level of development, and standard distance measures, they find that infrastructure and institutional quality are significant determinants not only of export levels, but also of the likelihood exports will take place at all. Their results support the notion that export performance, and the propensity to take part in the trading system at all, depends on institutional quality and access to well-developed transport and communications infrastructure. Indeed, this dependence is far more important, empirically, than variations in tariffs in explaining sample variations in North-South trade
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Asian Century Or Multi-Polar Century ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (37 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Dollar, David Asian Century Or Multi-Polar Century ?
    Schlagwort(e): Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demographic ; Developing Countries ; Developing Economies ; Economic Performance ; Economic Performances ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Trade ; Future ; Future Prospects ; Globalization ; Growth Rates ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Labor ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Social Protections and Labor ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demographic ; Developing Countries ; Developing Economies ; Economic Performance ; Economic Performances ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Trade ; Future ; Future Prospects ; Globalization ; Growth Rates ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Labor ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Social Protections and Labor ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demographic ; Developing Countries ; Developing Economies ; Economic Performance ; Economic Performances ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Trade ; Future ; Future Prospects ; Globalization ; Growth Rates ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Labor ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The "rise of Asia" is something of a myth. During 1990-2005 China accounted for 28 percent of global growth, measured at purchasing power parity (PPP). India accounted for 9 percent. The rest of developing Asia, with nearly a billion people, accounted for only 7 percent, the same as Latin America. Hence there is no general success of Asian developing economies. China has grown better than its developing neighbors because it started its reform with a better base of human capital, has been more open to foreign trade and investment, and created good investment climates in coastal cities. China's success changes the equation going forward: its wages are now two to three times higher than in the populous Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Vietnam), and China will become an ever-larger importer of natural resource and labor-intensive products. Developing countries need to become more open and improve their investment climates to benefit from these opportunities. China itself faces new challenges that could hamper its further development: unsustainable trade imbalance with the United States, energy and water scarcity and unsustainable use of natural resources, and growing inequality and social tension. To address the first two of these challenges, good cooperation between China and the United States is essential. The author concludes that we are more likely to be facing a "multi-polar century," than an Asian century
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Role of Services In Rural Income : The Case of Vietnam (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (35 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Isik-Dikmelik, Aylin The Role of Services In Rural Income
    Schlagwort(e): Alternative Transport ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Costs ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Good Transport ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Changes ; Public Transport ; Public Transportation ; Quality of Transport ; Road ; Road Network ; Road Quality ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Alternative Transport ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Costs ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Good Transport ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Changes ; Public Transport ; Public Transportation ; Quality of Transport ; Road ; Road Network ; Road Quality ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Alternative Transport ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Costs ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Good Transport ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Changes ; Public Transport ; Public Transportation ; Quality of Transport ; Road ; Road Network ; Road Quality ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the role of services in the household response to trade reforms in Vietnam. The relative response of the households and income growth after a major trade liberalization in rice are analyzed aiming to answer the following questions: What type of households, in which locations, having access to what type of services, benefited more from the reforms? It focuses on services that have an impact on transaction costs (roads or quality of roads, public transportation, access to credit, extension services, and availability of markets in communication services) because transaction costs are often cited as a barrier to rural households in responding to the price changes and increased incentives offered by trade and other policy reforms. The results suggest that availability of production related services contributes positively to the impact of trade reforms. Although most of the service variables have a positive and significant effect on growth in income, some that are expected to have an impact are not significant. This may be explained by the exceptional coverage of infrastructure services in Vietnam even before the reforms. When service availability is very similar across different localities, household characteristics become more important in determining the response
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Substitutability And Protectionism : Latin America's Trade Policy And Imports From China And India (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Willmann, Gerald Substitutability And Protectionism
    Schlagwort(e): Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demands ; Domestic Prices ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exogenous Shocks ; Export Growth ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Effects ; Free Trade ; Import ; Imports ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Rapid Grow ; Trade Policy ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demands ; Domestic Prices ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exogenous Shocks ; Export Growth ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Effects ; Free Trade ; Import ; Imports ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Rapid Grow ; Trade Policy ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demands ; Domestic Prices ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exogenous Shocks ; Export Growth ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Effects ; Free Trade ; Import ; Imports ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quotas ; Rapid Grow ; Trade Policy
    Kurzfassung: The authors examine the trade policy response of Latin American governments to the rapid growth of China and India in world markets. To explain higher protection in sectors where a large share is imported from these countries, they extend the "protection for sale" model to allow for different degrees of substitutability between domestically produced and imported varieties. The extension suggests that higher levels of protection toward Chinese goods can be explained by high substitutability between domestically produced goods and Chinese goods, whereas lower levels of protection toward goods imported from India can be explained by low substitutability with domestically produced goods. The data support the extension to the "protection for sale" model, which performs better than the original specification in terms of explaining Latin America's structure of protection
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Does "Good Government" Draw Foreign Capital ? : Explaining China's Exceptional Foreign Direct Investment Inflow (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Yeung, Bernard Does "Good Government" Draw Foreign Capital ?
    Schlagwort(e): Bank Policy ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Contracts ; Country Risk ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Investment ; Foreign Capital ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investors ; Future ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor ; Bank Policy ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Contracts ; Country Risk ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Investment ; Foreign Capital ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investors ; Future ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor ; Bank Policy ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Contracts ; Country Risk ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Investment ; Foreign Capital ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investors ; Future ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: China is now the world's largest destination of foreign direct investment (FDI), despite assessments highlighting its institutional deficiencies. But this FDI inflow corresponds closely to predicted FDI flows into China from a model that predicts FDI inflow based on government quality indicators and controls and is estimated across a sample of other weak-institution countries. The only real discrepancy is that, if government quality is measured by constraints on executive power, China receives somewhat more FDI than the model predicts. This might reflect an underestimation of the strength of these constraints in China, a unique institutional setting for FDI operations, FDI based on expected future institutional improvements, or a unique Chinese model of development. The authors conclude that Ockham's razor disfavors the last. They also note that FDI may be elevated because Chinese institutions protect foreign firms better than domestic ones
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Rules of origin and the web of East Asian free trade agreements (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Pelkmans-Balaoing, Annette O Rules of origin and the web of East Asian free trade agreements
    Schlagwort(e): Bilateral free trade agreements ; Economic Theory and Research ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreements ; Free Trade Area ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Preferential rules of origin ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regional trade ; Rules of Origin ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff data ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade flows ; Bilateral free trade agreements ; Economic Theory and Research ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreements ; Free Trade Area ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Preferential rules of origin ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regional trade ; Rules of Origin ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff data ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade flows ; Bilateral free trade agreements ; Economic Theory and Research ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreements ; Free Trade Area ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Preferential rules of origin ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regional trade ; Rules of Origin ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff data ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade flows
    Kurzfassung: The authors provide an overview of the preferential rules of origin in East Asia, highlighting the aspects that might possibly generate some trade-chilling effects. They review characteristics of existing preferential trade agreements with special emphasis on lessons from the European experience, and analyze some important features of the existing rules of origin in East and South-East Asian regional integration agreements. The empirical analysis of the effectiveness of preferentialism on intra-regional trade flows focuses on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), with the aim of providing a rough estimate of the costs of requesting preferences. The results suggest that preferential tariffs favorably affect intra-regional imports only at very high margins (around 25 percentage points). This points to the likelihood of high administrative costs attached to the exploitation of preferences, particularly with regard to the compliance with AFTA's rules of origin
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Canada-Wheat : Discrimination, Non-Commercial Considerations, And State Trading Enterprises (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Hoekman, Bernard Canada-Wheat
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Domestic market ; Dumping ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export markets ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market access ; Market price ; Marketing ; Marketing boards ; Markets and Market Access ; Price discrimination ; Private Sector Development ; Sale ; Sales ; Trade Law ; Access to Markets ; Domestic market ; Dumping ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export markets ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market access ; Market price ; Marketing ; Marketing boards ; Markets and Market Access ; Price discrimination ; Private Sector Development ; Sale ; Sales ; Trade Law ; Access to Markets ; Domestic market ; Dumping ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export markets ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market access ; Market price ; Marketing ; Marketing boards ; Markets and Market Access ; Price discrimination ; Private Sector Development ; Sale ; Sales ; Trade Law
    Kurzfassung: Statutory marketing boards that have exclusive authority to purchase domestic production, sell for export, and set purchase and sales prices of commodities are a type of state trading enterprise that is subject to World Trade Organization disciplines. This paper assesses a recent dispute brought by the United States against Canada, alleging that WTO rules require state trading enterprises to operate solely in accordance with commercial considerations and that the Canadian government did not require the Canadian Wheat Board to do so. The panel and Appellate Body found that the primary discipline of the WTO regarding state trading enterprises was nondiscrimination, and that operating on the basis of "commercial considerations" was not an independent obligation. Instead, WTO disciplines regarding the pricing behavior of state trading enterprises use a "commercial considerations" test as a possible indicator of discrimination. Although a significant degree of price discrimination is observed in the case of Canadian wheat exports, there are economic arguments why this might also be pursued by a private, profit maximizing firm
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Growth In Government Domestic Debt : Changing Burdens And Risks (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (41 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Hanson, James A The Growth In Government Domestic Debt
    Schlagwort(e): Bank debt ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital market ; Central bank ; Debt Markets ; Developing countries ; Domestic Debt ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial crises ; Financial systems ; Foreign debt ; Government debt ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Private capital ; Bank debt ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital market ; Central bank ; Debt Markets ; Developing countries ; Domestic Debt ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial crises ; Financial systems ; Foreign debt ; Government debt ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Private capital ; Bank debt ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital market ; Central bank ; Debt Markets ; Developing countries ; Domestic Debt ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial crises ; Financial systems ; Foreign debt ; Government debt ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Private capital
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyzes the recent growth of government domestic debt, including central bank debt, using a new data base on government domestic debt in developing countries with large, open financial systems. On average, government domestic debt grew much faster than GDP between 1994 and 2004 and became larger than foreign debt. The rapid growth of domestic debt reflects financial crises, the growth of central bank debt and the greater attractiveness to governments of issuing domestic debt as well as the recent increase in demands for it. Both its attractiveness and the increased demands for it reflect the current benign international environment to some degree. The main risk of government debt, domestic or foreign, remains its overall size relative to a country's fiscal, financial, and political institutions. While government domestic debt can help the domestic private capital market, large domestic debt, like large external debt, has risks. For example, there can be "sudden stops" in the demand for domestic debt as well as in foreign lending. Governments need to be aware of the risks and burdens in domestic debt issue-crowding out small borrowers, transferring risks to banks when issuing longer maturity, fixed-interest domestic debt and reducing returns, and imposing risks on holders of pensions, annuities, and life insurance policies. Growth of central bank debt can divert central banks from pursuit of the objective of price stability
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade Liberalization, Employment Flows, And Wage Inequality In Brazil (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Ferreira, Francisco H.G Trade Liberalization, Employment Flows, And Wage Inequality In Brazil
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture ; Capital Incomes ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Distribution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Finance ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Growth Rate ; Income ; Industry ; Inequality Measures ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Theory ; Total Factor Production ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Agriculture ; Capital Incomes ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Distribution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Finance ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Growth Rate ; Income ; Industry ; Inequality Measures ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Theory ; Total Factor Production ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Agriculture ; Capital Incomes ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Distribution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Finance ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Growth Rate ; Income ; Industry ; Inequality Measures ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Theory ; Total Factor Production ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry
    Kurzfassung: Using nationally representative, economywide data, this paper investigates the relative importance of trade-mandated effects on industry wage premia; industry and economywide skill premia; and employment flows in accounting for changes in the wage distribution in Brazil during the 1988-95 trade liberalization. Unlike in other Latin American countries, trade liberalization appears to have made a significant contribution toward a reduction in wage inequality. These effects have not occurred through changes in industry-specific (wage or skill) premia. Instead, they appear to have been channeled through substantial employment flows across sectors and formality categories. Changes in the economywide skill premium are also important
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Trade Effects of Regional Standards Liberalization : A Heterogeneous Firms Approach (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Baller, Silja Trade Effects of Regional Standards Liberalization
    Schlagwort(e): Asymmetric Information ; Bilateral Trade ; Competition Policy ; Consumer Protection ; Consumers ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Costs ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Influence ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalition ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Asymmetric Information ; Bilateral Trade ; Competition Policy ; Consumer Protection ; Consumers ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Costs ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Influence ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalition ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Asymmetric Information ; Bilateral Trade ; Competition Policy ; Consumer Protection ; Consumers ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fixed Costs ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Influence ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalition ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration
    Kurzfassung: This study investigates trade effects of the regional liberalization of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) in the form of harmonization and mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) for testing procedures. The theoretical part of the paper is framed in terms of a heterogeneous firms approach. This paper adds to the existing literature by formalizing the effects of MRAs and harmonization initiatives on bilateral trade flows and by applying this new theoretical framework in the empirical part of the paper. The latter consists of a two-stage gravity estimation and investigates sectoral effects of TBT liberalization on parties to the agreement as well as excluded industrial and developing countries. It finds that MRAs have a strong positive influence on both export probabilities and trade volumes for partner countries. Regarding harmonization, results seem to suggest that the impact on parties to the agreement is negligible, however that on excluded OECD countries is large and positive. Third party developing countries do not seem to benefit from the market integration effect brought about by harmonization in other regions. Overall, effects on the probability that a new firm will export are much more pronounced than effects on the trade volumes of incumbent exporters
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Foreign Bank Participation And Crises In Developing Countries (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (43 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Cull, Robert Foreign Bank Participation And Crises In Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Bank ; Bank Acquisitions ; Bank For International Settlements ; Bank Mergers ; Bank of Greece ; Banking ; Banking Crises ; Banking Sector ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Cred Distressed Banks ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Interest ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Bank Acquisitions ; Bank For International Settlements ; Bank Mergers ; Bank of Greece ; Banking ; Banking Crises ; Banking Sector ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Cred Distressed Banks ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Interest ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Bank Acquisitions ; Bank For International Settlements ; Bank Mergers ; Bank of Greece ; Banking ; Banking Crises ; Banking Sector ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Cred Distressed Banks ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Interest ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; International Economics & Trade ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes the recent trends in foreign bank ownership in developing countries, summarizes the existing evidence on the causes and implications of foreign bank presence, and reexamines the link between banking crises and foreign bank participation. Using data on the share of banking sector assets held by foreign banks in over 100 developing countries during 1995-2002, the results show that countries that experienced a banking crisis tended to have higher levels of foreign bank participation than those that did not. Furthermore, panel regressions indicate that foreign participation increased as a result of crises rather than prior to them. However, post-crisis increases in foreign participation did not coincide with increased credit to the private sector, perhaps because in many cases foreign banks acquired distressed banks
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Will Markets Direct Investments Under The Kyoto Protocol ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Larson, Donald F Will Markets Direct Investments Under The Kyoto Protocol ?
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenhouse Gases ; Incentives ; Information ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Joint Implementation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Climate Change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenhouse Gases ; Incentives ; Information ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Joint Implementation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Climate Change ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy Production ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Greenhouse Effect ; Greenhouse Gases ; Incentives ; Information ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Joint Implementation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: Under the Kyoto Protocol, countries can meet treaty obligations by investing in projects that reduce or sequester greenhouse gases elsewhere. Prior to ratification, treaty participants agreed to launch country-based pilot projects, referred to collectively as Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ), to test novel aspects of the project-related provisions. Relying on a 10-year history of projects, the authors investigate the determinants of AIJ investment. Their findings suggest that national political objectives and possibly deeper cultural ties influenced project selection. This characterization differs from the market-based assumptions that underlie well-known estimates of cost-savings related to the Protocol's flexibility mechanisms. The authors conclude that if approaches developed under the AIJ programs to approve projects are retained, benefits from Kyoto's flexibility provisions will be less than those widely anticipated
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Current Challenges In Financial Regulation (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Claessens, Stijn Current Challenges In Financial Regulation
    Schlagwort(e): Bank ; Banking ; Banking Supervision ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Basle Core Principles ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Consolidation ; Debt Markets ; E-Finance and E-Security ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial ; Financial Integration ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Regulation ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Supervision ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Basle Core Principles ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Consolidation ; Debt Markets ; E-Finance and E-Security ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial ; Financial Integration ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Regulation ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Supervision ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Basle Core Principles ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Consolidation ; Debt Markets ; E-Finance and E-Security ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial ; Financial Integration ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Regulation ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Financial intermediation and financial services industries have undergone many changes in the past two decades due to deregulation, globalization, and technological advances. The framework for regulating finance has seen many changes as well, with approaches adapting to new issues arising in specific groups of countries or globally. The objectives of this paper are twofold: to review current international thinking on what regulatory framework is needed to develop a financial sector that is stable, yet efficient, and provides proper access to households and firms; and to review the key experiences regarding international financial architecture initiatives, with a special focus on issues arising for developing countries. The paper outlines a number of areas of current debate: the special role of banks, competition policy, consumer protection, harmonization of rules-across products, within markets, and globally-and the adaptation and legitimacy of international standards to the circumstances facing developing countries. It concludes with some areas where more research would be useful
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Location Decisions of Foreign Banks And Competitive Advantage (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (21 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Claessens, Stijn Location Decisions of Foreign Banks And Competitive Advantage
    Schlagwort(e): Affiliates ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Consolidation ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Integration ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Foreign Banks ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Entry ; Internation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Affiliates ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Consolidation ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Integration ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Foreign Banks ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Entry ; Internation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Affiliates ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Consolidation ; Country Strategy and Performance ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Integration ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Foreign Banks ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Entry ; Internation ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: While institutional differences have been found to affect country growth patterns, much has remained unexplained, including how economic actors "overcome" institutional weaknesses and how internationalization helps or hinders development. Banking is an institutionally-intensive activity and the location decision of foreign banks provides a good test of how institutional differences are dealt with and how they may affect economic choices. Specifically, the authors examine whether banks seek out those markets where institutional familiarity provides them with a competitive advantage over other foreign competitor banks. Using bilateral data on banking sector foreign direct investment in all developing countries and controlling for other factors, they find that competitive advantage is an important factor in driving foreign banks' location decisions. The findings suggest that high institutional quality is not necessarily a prerequisite to attract foreign direct investment in banking and that there are specific benefits, as well as risks, to international financial integration between developing countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Impact of Remittances On Labor Supply : The Case of Jamaica (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (18 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Kim, Namsuk The Impact of Remittances On Labor Supply
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Finding Jobs ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High Unemployment ; High Unemployment Rates ; High Wage ; Job ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor Productivity ; Population Policies ; Social Protections and Labor ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Finding Jobs ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High Unemployment ; High Unemployment Rates ; High Wage ; Job ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor Productivity ; Population Policies ; Social Protections and Labor ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Finding Jobs ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High Unemployment ; High Unemployment Rates ; High Wage ; Job ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor Productivity ; Population Policies ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: A puzzle in the recently stagnated economy of Jamaica is that high rates of unemployment have persisted even when real wages have been increasing. This paper examines aspects of the labor supply in an effort to understand why high rates of unemployment have existed with increasing real wages. This is a sign of a badly functioning labor market. The cross-sectional analysis suggests that remittances have some impact on labor supply, especially on labor market participation. The pseudo panel data analysis also confirms that remittances have a strong impact on labor participation but not on weekly working hours. Households with remittance income have a higher reservation wage and have reduced the supply of labor by moving out of the labor force
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Rules of Origin In Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Fink, Carsten Rules of Origin In Services
    Schlagwort(e): Dienstleistungshandel ; Freihandelsabkommen ; Herkunftsbezeichnung ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Agreement On Trade ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Trade ; Border Trade ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exporters ; Exports ; External Tariffs ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreements ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Liberalization of Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Preferential ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade and Services ; Agreement On Trade ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Trade ; Border Trade ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exporters ; Exports ; External Tariffs ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreements ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Liberalization of Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Preferential ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade and Services ; Agreement On Trade ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Trade ; Border Trade ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exporters ; Exports ; External Tariffs ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreements ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Liberalization of Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Preferential ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public Sector Development ; Trade ; Trade Law ; Trade and Services
    Kurzfassung: An important question in the design of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) covering services is to what extent nonmembers benefit from the trade preferences that are negotiated among members. This question is resolved through services rules of origin. The restrictiveness of rules of origin determines the degree of preferences entailed in market opening commitments, shaping the bargaining incentives of FTAs and their eventual economic effects. Even though the number of FTAs in services has increased rapidly in recent years, hardly any research is available that can guide policymakers on the economic implications of different rules of origin. After outlining the key economic tradeoffs and options for rules of origin in services, the paper summarizes the main findings of a research project that has assessed the rules of origin question for five countries in the ASEAN region. For selected service subsectors and a number of criteria for rules or origin, simulation exercises evaluated which service providers would or would not be eligible for preferences negotiated under a FTA. Among other findings, the simulation results point to the binding nature of a domestic ownership or control requirement and, for the specific case of financial services, a requirement of incorporation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Can Sub-Saharan Africa Leap Into Global Network Trade ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Subramanian, Uma Can Sub-Saharan Africa Leap Into Global Network Trade ?
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Trade ; Debt Markets ; Development ; E-Business ; Economic Cooperation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Markets ; Goods ; Incentives ; Inputs ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Resources ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy ; Transpor ; Transport ; Access to Markets ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Trade ; Debt Markets ; Development ; E-Business ; Economic Cooperation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Markets ; Goods ; Incentives ; Inputs ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Resources ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy ; Transpor ; Transport ; Access to Markets ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Trade ; Debt Markets ; Development ; E-Business ; Economic Cooperation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Markets ; Goods ; Incentives ; Inputs ; Interest ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Resources ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy ; Transpor ; Transport
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines opportunities for Sub-Saharan African countries to effectively participate in globalization, particularly given the increasing interest of China and India in Sub-Saharan Africa. How can Sub-Saharan Africa fully engage and gain benefits from global network trade? Over the past 15 years Asia has become Africa's fastest growing export market. Asian countries are much more open to trade than Europe or America. There seems to be no evidence to suggest that this trend will not continue in the near future. The authors acknowledge the numerous caveats in Asia's growing interest in the African continent, not least the "resource curse" of exports that are heavily concentrated on oil, minerals, and raw materials, as well as the fierce competition from Asia's cheap manufactured exports. However, they believe that there is strong evidence to suggest a clear potential for South-South cooperation in trade and investment. Drawing on evidence from their extensive research into international value chains, the authors identify five critical factors for effective participation in global network trade: price, speed-to-market, labor productivity, flexibility, and product quality. Underlying competitive performance of these critical factors are a country's policies and institutions. Effective policies, efficient institutions, and the necessary infrastructure will ensure the best outcome for trading countries. To improve the depth and sustainability of these five critical factors, it is important that developing countries create a supportive policy and institutional framework from the outset
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Self-Selection Patterns In Mexico-U.S. Migration : The Role of Migration Networks (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: McKenzie, David Self-Selection Patterns In Mexico-U.S. Migration
    Schlagwort(e): Anthropology ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Culture & Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Social Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; Important Policy ; Income Inequality ; Industry ; International Migration ; Job Opportunities ; Labor Market ; Language Proficiency ; Migrant ; Migrants ; Migration ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Technology Industry ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement ; Anthropology ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Culture & Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Social Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; Important Policy ; Income Inequality ; Industry ; International Migration ; Job Opportunities ; Labor Market ; Language Proficiency ; Migrant ; Migrants ; Migration ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Technology Industry ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement ; Anthropology ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Culture & Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Social Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; Important Policy ; Income Inequality ; Industry ; International Migration ; Job Opportunities ; Labor Market ; Language Proficiency ; Migrant ; Migrants ; Migration ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Technology Industry ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Kurzfassung: The authors examine the role of migration networks in determining self-selection patterns of Mexico-U.S. migration. They first present a simple theoretical framework showing how such networks impact on migration incentives at different education levels and, consequently, how they are likely to affect the expected skill composition of migration. Using survey data from Mexico, the authors then show that the probability of migration is increasing with education in communities with low migrant networks, but decreasing with education in communities with high migrant networks. This is consistent with positive self-selection of migrants being driven by high migration costs, and with negative self-selection of migrants being driven by lower returns to education in the U.S. than in Mexico
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Role of Education Quality For Economic Growth (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (96 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Hanushek, Eric A The Role of Education Quality For Economic Growth
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Adult Literacy ; Cognitive Skills ; Education ; Education ; Education For All ; Education For All Initiative ; Education Policy ; Education for All ; Educational Outcomes ; Educational Quality ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Knowledge ; Population Policies ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Adult Literacy ; Cognitive Skills ; Education ; Education ; Education For All ; Education For All Initiative ; Education Policy ; Education for All ; Educational Outcomes ; Educational Quality ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Knowledge ; Population Policies ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Adult Literacy ; Cognitive Skills ; Education ; Education ; Education For All ; Education For All Initiative ; Education Policy ; Education for All ; Educational Outcomes ; Educational Quality ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Enrollment Rates ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Knowledge ; Population Policies ; Primary Education ; Secondary Education ; Tertiary Education
    Kurzfassung: The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of education in promoting economic well-being, focusing on the role of educational quality. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills of the population-rather than mere school attainment-are powerfully related to individual earnings, to the distribution of income, and to economic growth. New empirical results show the importance of both minimal and high-level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes it clear that closing the economic gap with industrial countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The International Financial Integration of China And India (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (55 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Lane, Philip R The International Financial Integration of China And India
    Schlagwort(e): Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Borrowers ; Capital Flows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Assets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Developments ; Financial Liberalization ; Financial Literacy ; Holdings ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Borrowers ; Capital Flows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Assets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Developments ; Financial Liberalization ; Financial Literacy ; Holdings ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Balance Sheets ; Bank Policy ; Borrowers ; Capital Flows ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Assets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Developments ; Financial Liberalization ; Financial Literacy ; Holdings ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: Three main features characterize the international financial integration of China and India. First, while only having a small global share of privately-held external assets and liabilities (with the exception of China's foreign direct investment liabilities), these countries are large holders of official reserves. Second, their international balance sheets are highly asymmetric: both are "short equity, long debt." Third, China and India have improved their net external positions over the past decade although, based on their income level, neoclassical models would predict them to be net borrowers. Domestic financial developments and policies seem essential in understanding these patterns of integration. These include financial liberalization and exchange rate policies, domestic financial sector policies, and the impact of financial reform on savings and investment rates. Changes in these factors will affect the international financial integration of China and India (through shifts in capital flows and asset and liability holdings) and, consequently, the international financial system
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Detecting Collusion In Timber Auctions : An Application To Romania (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (58 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Saphores, Jean-Daniel Detecting Collusion In Timber Auctions
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Markets ; Administered Prices ; Advertising ; Auction ; Auctions ; Bidding ; Competition ; Debt Markets ; Direct Marketing ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Fair ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forestry ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Inventory ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economies ; Market Economy ; Market Prices ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Access to Markets ; Administered Prices ; Advertising ; Auction ; Auctions ; Bidding ; Competition ; Debt Markets ; Direct Marketing ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Fair ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forestry ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Inventory ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economies ; Market Economy ; Market Prices ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Access to Markets ; Administered Prices ; Advertising ; Auction ; Auctions ; Bidding ; Competition ; Debt Markets ; Direct Marketing ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Fair ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forestry ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Inventory ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economies ; Market Economy ; Market Prices ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Wildlife Resources
    Kurzfassung: Romania was one of the first transition countries in Europe to introduce auctions for allocating standing timber (stumpage) in public forests. In comparison with the former system in the country-administrative allocation at set prices-timber auctions offer several potential advantages: greater revenue generation for the government, a higher probability that tracts will be allocated to the firms that value them most highly, and stronger incentives for technological change within industry and efficiency gains in the public sector. Competition is the key to realizing these advantages. Unfortunately, collusion among bidders often limits competition in timber auctions, including in well-established market economies such as the United States. The result is that tracts sell below their fair market value, which undermines the advantages of auctions. This paper examines the Romanian auction system, with a focus on the use of econometric methods to detect collusion. It begins by describing the historical development of the system and the principal steps in the auction process. It then discusses the qualitative impacts of various economic and institutional factors, including collusion, on winning bids in different regions of the country. This discussion draws on information from a combination of sources, including unstructured interviews conducted with government officials and company representatives during 2003. Next, the paper summarizes key findings from the broader research literature on auctions, with an emphasis on empirical studies that have developed econometric methods for detecting collusion. It then presents an application of such methods to timber auction data from two forest directorates in Romania, Neamt and Suceava. This application confirms that data from Romanian timber auctions can be used to determine the likelihood of collusion, and it suggests that collusion reduced winning bids in Suceava in 2002 and perhaps also in Neamt. The paper concludes with a discussion of actions that the government can take to reduce the incidence of collusion and minimize its impact on auction outcomes
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Differentiated Products And Evasion of Import Tariffs (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Javorcik, Beata S Differentiated Products And Evasion of Import Tariffs
    Schlagwort(e): Agribusiness and Markets ; Commodities ; Customs ; Customs Clearance ; Customs Clearance Procedures ; Customs Declarations ; Customs Duties ; Customs Value ; Debt Markets ; Export Competitiveness ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Import Data ; Import Duties ; Import Prices ; Imports ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Commodities ; Customs ; Customs Clearance ; Customs Clearance Procedures ; Customs Declarations ; Customs Duties ; Customs Value ; Debt Markets ; Export Competitiveness ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Import Data ; Import Duties ; Import Prices ; Imports ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Commodities ; Customs ; Customs Clearance ; Customs Clearance Procedures ; Customs Declarations ; Customs Duties ; Customs Value ; Debt Markets ; Export Competitiveness ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Import Data ; Import Duties ; Import Prices ; Imports ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Trade Policy ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry
    Kurzfassung: Emerging literature has demonstrated some unique characteristics of trade in differentiated products. This paper contributes to the literature by postulating that differentiated products may be subject to greater tariff evasion due to the difficulties associated with assessing their quality and price. Using product-level data on trade between Germany and 10 Eastern European countries during 1992-2003, the authors find empirical support for this hypothesis. They show that the trade gap, defined as the discrepancy between the value of exports reported by Germany and the value of imports from Germany reported by the importing country, is positively related to the level of tariff in 8 out of 10 countries. Further, the authors show that the responsiveness of the trade gap to the tariff level is greater for differentiated products than for homogeneous goods. A one-percentage-point increase in the tariff rate is associated with a 0.6 percent increase in the trade gap in the case of homogeneous products and a 2.1 percent increase in the case of differentiated products. Finally, the data indicate that greater tariff evasion observed for differentiated products tends to take place through misrepresentation of the import prices
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Governance And Private Investment In The Middle East And North Africa (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (65 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Nabli, Mustapha Kamel Governance And Private Investment In The Middle East And North Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Civil Liberties ; Corruption ; Debt Markets ; Democratic Institutions ; Economic Activity ; Economic Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Literacy ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governance Institutions ; Governance Quality ; Human Development ; Investment Climate ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Participation ; Political Economy ; Political Instability ; Political Rights ; Political Stability ; Private Sector Development ; Property Rights ; Rule of Law ; Security ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accountability ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Civil Liberties ; Corruption ; Debt Markets ; Democratic Institutions ; Economic Activity ; Economic Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Literacy ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governance Institutions ; Governance Quality ; Human Development ; Investment Climate ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Participation ; Political Economy ; Political Instability ; Political Rights ; Political Stability ; Private Sector Development ; Property Rights ; Rule of Law ; Security ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accountability ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Civil Liberties ; Corruption ; Debt Markets ; Democratic Institutions ; Economic Activity ; Economic Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial Literacy ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governance Institutions ; Governance Quality ; Human Development ; Investment Climate ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Participation ; Political Economy ; Political Instability ; Political Rights ; Political Stability ; Private Sector Development ; Property Rights ; Rule of Law ; Security ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This paper addresses the issue of the low level of private investment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with special emphasis on the role of governance. Based on the existing literature, the authors categorize what types of governance institutions are more detrimental to entrepreneurial investments. They then estimate a simultaneous model of private investment and governance quality where economic policies concurrently explain both variables. The empirical results show that governance plays a significant role in private investment decisions. This result is particularly true in the case of "administrative quality" in the form of control of corruption, bureaucratic quality, investment-friendly profile of administration, and law and order, as well as for "political stability." Evidence in favor of "public accountability" seems, however, less robust. The estimations also stress that structural reforms-such as financial development and trade openness-and human development affect private investment decisions directly, and/or through their positive impact on governance. These findings bring new empirical evidence on the subject of private investment in the developing world and in MENA countries in particular
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    What Is Effective Aid? : How Would Donors Allocate It? (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Kenny, Charles What Is Effective Aid?
    Schlagwort(e): Aid ; Aid Allocation ; Aid Dependency ; Aid Flows ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Aid ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Development Goals ; Development Impact ; Development Issues ; Development Policy ; Disability ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; School ; Social Protections and Labor ; Aid ; Aid Allocation ; Aid Dependency ; Aid Flows ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Aid ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Development Goals ; Development Impact ; Development Issues ; Development Policy ; Disability ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; School ; Social Protections and Labor ; Aid ; Aid Allocation ; Aid Dependency ; Aid Flows ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bilateral Aid ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Development Goals ; Development Impact ; Development Issues ; Development Policy ; Disability ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; School ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: There are significant weaknesses in some of the traditional justifications for assuming that aid will foster development. This paper looks at what the cross-country aid effectiveness literature and World Bank Operations Evaluation Department reviews have suggested about effective aid, first in terms of promoting income growth, and then for promoting other goals. This review forms the basis for a discussion of recommendations to improve aid effectiveness and a discussion of effective aid allocation. Given the multiple potential objectives for aid, there is no one right answer. However, it appears that there are a number of reforms to aid practices and distribution that might help to deliver a more significant return to aid resources. We should provide aid where institutions are already strong, where they can be strengthened with the help of donor resources, or where they can be bypassed with limited damage to existing institutional capacity. The importance of institutions to aid outcomes, as well as the fungibility of aid flows, suggests that programmatic aid should be expanded in countries with strong institutions, while project aid should be supported based on its ability to transfer knowledge and test new practices and support global public good provision rather than (merely) as a tool of financial resource transfer. The importance of institutions also suggests that we should be cautious in our expectations regarding the results of increased aid flows
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regional Impacts of Russia's Accession To The World Trade Organization (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (83 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Rutherford, Thomas Regional Impacts of Russia's Accession To The World Trade Organization
    Schlagwort(e): Competitiveness ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Imperfect Competition ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Competitiveness ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Imperfect Competition ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development ; Competitiveness ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Imperfect Competition ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Investment ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Public Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: In this paper we develop a computable general equilibrium model of the regions of Russia to assess the impact of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the regions of Russia. We estimate that the average gain in welfare as a percentage of consumption for the whole country is 7.8 percent (or 4.3 percent of consumption); we estimate that three regions will gain considerably more: Northwest (11.2 percent), St. Petersburg (10.6 percent) and Far East (9.7 percent). We estimate that the Urals will gain only 6.2 percent of consumption, considerably less than the national average. The principal explanation in our central analysis for the differences across regions is the ability of the different regions to benefit from a reduction in barriers against foreign direct investment. The three regions with the largest welfare gains are clearly the regions with the estimated largest shares of multinational investment. But the Urals has attracted relatively little FDI in the service sectors. An additional reason for differences across regions is quantified in our sensitivity analysis: regions may gain more from WTO accession if they can succeed in creating a good investment climate
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Banking Sector Openness And Economic Growth (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Bayraktar, Nihal Banking Sector Openness And Economic Growth
    Schlagwort(e): Accounting ; Auditing ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking Services ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Borrowing ; Capital ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Integration ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Foreign Banks ; Labor Pollution ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accounting ; Auditing ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking Services ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Borrowing ; Capital ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Integration ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Foreign Banks ; Labor Pollution ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accounting ; Auditing ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking Services ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Borrowing ; Capital ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Integration ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Services ; Foreign Banks ; Labor Pollution ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Banking sector openness may directly affect growth by improving the access to financial services and indirectly by improving the efficiency of financial intermediaries, both of which reduce the cost of financing, and in turn, stimulate capital accumulation and economic growth. The objective of the paper is to empirically reinvestigate these direct and indirect links using a more advanced econometric technique (GMM dynamic panel estimators). An illustrative model is presented to link financial market development with investment. The empirical results confirm the presence of direct and indirect links, and thus provide support for countries planning to open their banking sector for international competition
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Migrant Networks And Foreign Direct Investment (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Javorcik, Beata S Migrant Networks And Foreign Direct Investment
    Schlagwort(e): Countries of Origin ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Employment Opportunities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Host Countries ; Host Country ; International Borders ; International Trade ; Knowledge ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Migrant ; Population Policies ; Countries of Origin ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Employment Opportunities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Host Countries ; Host Country ; International Borders ; International Trade ; Knowledge ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Migrant ; Population Policies ; Countries of Origin ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Employment Opportunities ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Host Countries ; Host Country ; International Borders ; International Trade ; Knowledge ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Migrant ; Population Policies
    Kurzfassung: While there exists sizeable literature documenting the importance of ethnic networks for international trade, little attention has been devoted to studying the effects of networks on foreign direct investment (FDI). The existence of ethnic networks may positively affect FDI by promoting information flows across international borders and by serving as a contract enforcement mechanism. This paper investigates the link between the presence of migrants in the United States and U.S. FDI in the migrants' countries of origin, taking into account the potential endogeneity concerns. The results suggest that U.S. FDI abroad is positively correlated with the presence of migrants from the host country. The data further indicate that the relationship between FDI and migration is driven by the presence of migrants with a college education
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Services Inputs And Firm Productivity In Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence From Firm-Level Data (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (16 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Arnold, Jens Matthias Services Inputs And Firm Productivity In Sub-Saharan Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Services ; Communications ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Activities ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Electronic Delivery ; Enterprise Survey ; Enterprise Surveys ; Export Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Access To Services ; Communications ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Activities ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Electronic Delivery ; Enterprise Survey ; Enterprise Surveys ; Export Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development ; Access To Services ; Communications ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Activities ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Electronic Delivery ; Enterprise Survey ; Enterprise Surveys ; Export Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: The authors investigate the relationship between the productivity of African manufacturing firms and their access to services inputs. They use data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for over 1,000 firms in 10 Sub-Saharan African countries to calculate the total factor productivity of firms. The Enterprise Surveys also contain unique measures of firms' access to communications, electricity, and financial services. The availability of these measures at the firm level, both as subjective and objective indicators, allows the authors to exploit the variation in services performance at the subnational regional level. Furthermore, by using the regional variation in services performance, they are also able to address concerns about the possible endogeneity of the services variables. The results show a significant and positive relationship between firm productivity and service performance in all three services sectors analyzed. The authors thus provide support for the argument that improvements in services industries contribute to enhancing the performance of downstream economic activities, and thus are an essential element of a strategy for promoting growth and reducing poverty
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Corporate Governance In Institutions Offering Islamic Financial Services : Issues And Options (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Grais, Wafik Corporate Governance In Institutions Offering Islamic Financial Services
    Schlagwort(e): Account Holders ; Accounting ; Agency Problem ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Corporate Governance ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Depos Depositors ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Federal Deposit Insurance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Holding ; Interests ; Islamic Finance ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Account Holders ; Accounting ; Agency Problem ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Corporate Governance ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Depos Depositors ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Federal Deposit Insurance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Holding ; Interests ; Islamic Finance ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Account Holders ; Accounting ; Agency Problem ; Bank Policy ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Corporate Governance ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Depos Depositors ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Federal Deposit Insurance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Holding ; Interests ; Islamic Finance ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews institutions offering Islamic financial services (IIFS) corporate governance challenges and suggests options to address them. It first points out the importance of corporate governance for IIFS, where it would require a distinct treatment from conventional corporate governance and highlights three cases of distress of IIFS. It then dwells on prevailing corporate governance arrangements addressing IIFS' needs to ensure the consistency of their operations with Islamic finance principles and the protection of the financial interests of a stakeholders' category, namely depositors holding unrestricted investment accounts. It raises the issues of independence, confidentiality, competence, consistency, and disclosure that may bear on pronouncements of consistency with Islamic finance principles. It also discusses the agency problem of depositors holding unrestricted investment accounts. The paper argues for a governance framework that combines internal and external arrangements and relies significantly on transparency and disclosure of market relevant information
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Deposit Insurance And Banking Reform In Russia (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Camara, Modibo K Deposit Insurance And Banking Reform In Russia
    Schlagwort(e): Bank ; Banking ; Banking Reform ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Cred Deposit Insurance ; Debt Markets ; Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Deepening ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Industry ; Legal Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Reform ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Cred Deposit Insurance ; Debt Markets ; Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Deepening ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Industry ; Legal Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Reform ; Banking System ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Cred Deposit Insurance ; Debt Markets ; Deposits ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Deepening ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Industry ; Legal Finance ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this paper is not to review the pros and cons of deposit insurance systems, but to focus, rather narrowly, on the recent adoption of a deposit insurance system (DIS) in Russia, the rationale offered, and the potential impact it might have on the stability and development of the Russian banking system. An attempt is made to draw some lessons from the implementation experience in Russia. The paper starts with a brief description of the Russian DIS, followed by an overview of the banking system's structure and some observations on the sequencing followed for adopting the DIS and the political economy of its adoption. It concludes with a discussion of areas requiring attention
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Access To Financial Services In Zambia (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: de Luna Martinez, Jose Access To Financial Services In Zambia
    Schlagwort(e): Bank ; Bank Branches ; Banking ; Banking Services ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Credit Deposits ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Bank Branches ; Banking ; Banking Services ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Credit Deposits ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Private Sector Development ; Bank ; Bank Branches ; Banking ; Banking Services ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Credit Deposits ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Enterprises ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Services ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: Despite the deep financial sector reforms undertaken in Zambia in the early 1990s, the expected benefits of establishing a market-based banking system has not materialized. In 2005 the banking system continued to be small and underdeveloped. Credit to the private sector by banks represented only 8 percent of GDP in 2005, which is slightly lower than the level registered in 1990. As in the early 1990s, only large corporations and a few small- and medium-size enterprises have access to credit in 2006. Moreover, less than 8 percent of Zambia's adult population had a bank account in 2005. And despite the open door policy to foreign financial institutions, which has been in place since Zambia's independence, only a few new banking products have been introduced by foreign banks to serve the needs of households and firms. This paper analyzes the factors that have prevented the development of a large and inclusive banking system in Zambia and highlights possible actions that may help improve access to finance in Zambia in both the short and long terms
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...