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  • 2000-2004  (2,804)
  • 1980-1984  (106)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,910)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local : recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103214
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local ; Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En los países miembros de la OCDE resulta sorprendente el espectro, número y crecimiento de los programas de apoyo para la iniciativa empresarial y la microempresa. Buena parte del interés de política por fomentar la iniciativa empresarial se refleja en la convicción de que la creación de nuevas empresas contribuirá a facilitar el logro de importantes objetivos económicos y sociales. El aumento en el ritmo de creación de empresas es hoy una inquietud casi universal para las autoridades locales, al igual que para los gobiernos centrales que desean combatir la marginación económica local. Sin embargo, a pesar del amplio interés de política, pocos estudios han analizado sistemáticamente la relación entre la creación de nuevas empresas y el desarrollo económico local. Esta publicación analiza las principales rutas a través de las cuales la creación de empresas y su desarrollo puede tener un impacto sobre las economías locales. Así, se analiza la evidencia empírica acerca de la relación entre la iniciativa empresarial y las economías locales. Asimismo, se demuestra que aunque la creación de empresas puede resultar un componente crucial para el desarrollo económico local, el fomento de la iniciativa empresarial no constituye una panacea para el desarrollo. Por ello, se discuten a profundidad una serie de limitaciones potenciales de las estrategias orientadas hacia la iniciativa empresarial y cómo estas limitaciones pueden contrarrestarse. Este libro presenta detalladas recomendaciones de política tanto en el ámbito gubernamental local como nacional. Las recomendaciones se relacionan con tres ámbitos temáticos: estrategia, financiamiento y diseño de programas. Se espera que estos lineamientos sean de utilidad para los gobiernos centrales y locales en el diseño y la puesta en marcha de programas y estrategias eficaces en términos de costos. En este sentido, la presente publicación describe los tipos de investigación que deben llevarse a cabo para lograr un mejor entendimiento de los temas clave de política.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103214-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071179
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 432; In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 432: In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode pour évaluer la photo-cytotoxicité par la réduction relative de la viabilité des cellules exposées au produit chimique en présence ou en absence de la lumière. Des cellules de Balb/c 3T3 sont maintenues en culture pendant 24 h jusqu’à la formation de monocouches. Deux plaques de 96 puits sont préincubés avec huit concentrations différentes de la substance d'essai pendant 1 h. Ensuite, l’une des deux plaques est exposée à la dose d'irradiation non-cytotoxique la plus élevée tandis que l'autre plaque est maintenue dans l'obscurité. La cytotoxicité, dans cet essai, est exprimée comme la diminution, dépendante de la concentration, de l’absorption et de la fixation du colorant vital rouge neutre (NR) 24 heures après traitement avec le produit chimique et l'irradiation. NR pénètre les membranes cellulaires par non-diffusion, en s'accumulant dans les lysosomes. L’altération de la surface cellulaire de la membrane lysosomale sensible entraine une fragilité lysosomale et d'autres changements qui deviennent graduellement irréversibles. Ceci entraîne une diminution de la fixation du rouge neutre. Il est ainsi possible de distinguer les cellules viables, endommagées ou mortes. Pour prévoir le potentiel phototoxique, les réponses de concentration obtenues en présence et en l'absence d'irradiation sont comparées, habituellement au niveau de l’CE50, c.-à-d., à la concentration ramenant la viabilité des cellules à 50 %, par rapport aux contrôles non traités. Logiciel à utiliser pour les essais 425, 432, 455. Cliquer ici. Logiciel non couvert par l’Acceptation Mutuelle des Données.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071179-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Directrices de la OCDE para la seguridad de sistemas y redes de información : Hacia una cultura de seguridad (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065819
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks; Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Richtlinien für die Sicherheit von Informationssystemen und -Netzen; Auf dem Weg zu einer Sicherheitskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione; Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;s riktlinjer för säkerheten i informationssystem och nät; På väg mot en säkerhetskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Richtlinien für die Sicherheit von Informationssystemen und -Netzen: Auf dem Weg zu einer Sicherheitskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione: Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:s riktlinjer för säkerheten i informationssystem och nät: På väg mot en säkerhetskultur
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065819-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019171
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Die in den neunziger Jahren und auch noch zu Beginn dieses Jahrzehnts beobachteten Wachstumsmuster haben die früheren Theorien auf den Kopf gestellt. Während des größten Teils der Nachkriegszeit wurde in den OECD-Ländern mit vergleichsweise geringem Pro-Kopf-BIP ein stärkeres Wirtschaftswachstum verzeichnet als in den reicheren Ländern. In den neunziger Jahren wurde diese scheinbare Gesetzmäßigkeit dann aber durchbrochen. Namentlich die Vereinigten Staaten, deren Pro-Kopf-BIP im Vergleich zu den anderen großen Volkswirtschaften bereits relativ hoch war, konnten ihren Vorsprung ab Mitte der neunziger Jahre weiter vergrößern. Die Wirtschaftsleistung der meisten kontinentaleuropäischen Länder ist demgegenüber nach wie vor schwach, und die japanische Wirtschaft stagniert weiterhin. Wo liegen die Hauptursachen für die Wachstumsunterschiede innerhalb der OECD? Bis zu welchem Grad sind sie auf neue Technologien und FuE zurückzuführen? Welche Rolle spielt die makroökonomische Politik? Wie wichtig sind Aus- und Weiterbildung? Welchen Einfluss haben Arbeitslosigkeit, Arbeitsmarktflexibilität und Produktmarktwettbewerb? Führen Startups dem Markt Kapital und neue Ideen zu? Welche Bedeutung haben die Hemmnisse für Unternehmensgründungen und ‑aufgaben? Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über diese Fragen und liefert neue Erkenntnisse über die Antriebskräfte des Wirtschaftswachstums in den OECD-Ländern.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019171-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 202: Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069954
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 202; Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une épreuve de toxicité aiguë pour évaluer des effets des produits chimiques sur les daphnies (habituellement Daphnia magna Staus). De jeunes daphnies, âgées de moins de 24 heures au début de l'essai, sont exposées à une gamme des concentrations de la substance d'essai (au moins cinq concentrations) pendant une période de 48 heures. L'immobilisation est enregistrée à 24 heures et à 48 heures et comparée aux valeurs contrôles. Les résultats sont analysés afin de calculer la CE50 à 48h. La détermination de la CE50 à 24h est facultative. Au moins 20 animaux, de préférence divisés en quatre groupes de cinq animaux chacun, devraient être employés à chaque concentration d'essai et pour les contrôles. Au moins 2 ml de solution d'essai devraient être prévus pour chaque animal (c.-à-d. un volume de 10 ml pour cinq daphnies par récipient d'essai). L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 100 mg/l. Le rapport d'étude inclut l'observation des daphnies immobilisées à 24 et 48 heures après le début de l'essai, et les mesures d'oxygène dissous, de pH, de la concentration de la substance d'essai, au début et à la fin de l'essai.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069954-fr
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The History of the International Energy Agency : Major Policies and Actions Volume 2 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264021006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Volume II of the History of the International Energy Agency takes up the energy policies and actions of the Agency during its first twenty years, from 1974 to 1994 inclusive. While the weak institutional situation of the industrial countries in the 1973-1974 crisis period made it all but impossible for them to adopt decisive and effective responses, when the time for action came, the reasons for their vulnerability to the oil producer countries were perhaps less their underdeveloped institutions than their essentially optimistic and passive oil management policies during the years preceding the crisis. Other policy choices which might have prevented or softened the crisis were available to them, as Volume II shows.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264021006-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Establishment and Control of Archives that Operate in Compliance with the Principles of GLP (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Établissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Établissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is intended for use by test facilities that are required to operate in compliance with the Principles of GLP, for organisations that supply support, e.g. contract archives, contract quality assurance units or IT services and for sponsors, GLP compliance monitoring authorities and receiving authorities. Organisations should ensure that they evaluate applicable regulatory requirements against their business needs. Certain aspects of archive construction and operation may have implications for compliance with building regulations or legislation regarding public health and safety. Guidance on these aspects is outside the scope of this document. Test facilities and other organisations, engaged in archiving GLP records and material, might benefit from the use of recognised archiving management standards including those concerning metadata.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084995-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE : Rapport sur la Finlande 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105317
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Finland 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Finland 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Finland
    Abstract: C'est en décembre 1997 que la Finlande a signé, en compagnie de trente-trois autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE). Après la promulgation de la loi de transposition nécessaire, la Finlande a ratifié la Convention de l'OCDE et déposé son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE en décembre 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Finlande pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par la Finlande lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par la Finlande des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105317-fr
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Co-ordination at the Centre of Government : The Functions and Organisation of the Government Office Comparative; Analysis of OECD Countries, CEECs and Western Balkan Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.35
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: A well-functioning government office acts as a co-ordinator of the decision-making system and as such is crucial for the government’s capacity to define and pursue its collective objectives. The “Government Office” is a generic term that refers to the institution(s) at the centre of government responsible for supporting the Prime Minister and serving the Council of Ministers as a collective decision-making body. This paper describes and analyses the functions and organisation of government offices in a comparative context, covering OECD member countries, central and eastern European countries (CEECs), and countries of the Western Balkans (ex-Yugoslavia and Albania). The analysis is based on information gathered by Sigma and GOV (PUMA)1 since the mid 1990’s, supplemented by results of a written questionnaire administered by Sigma and GOV in 2003.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml60v4x2f6-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Building Development Plan at Laval University, Quebec (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'université Laval à Québec, un plan de développement immobilier
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Laval University is launching a series of major development projects aimed at meeting the needs of an institution that currently offers over 350 academic programmes to more than 36 000 students. This article will focus on three of the most important construction projects that are already under way or about to start: the Wood Processing Centre, the Optics, Photonics and Laser Centre, and Ferdinand-Vandry Hall. A brief history of the Laval University campus is provided at the end of this article.
    DOI: 10.1787/624850564030
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovation in the knowledge economy : implications for education and learning (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 926410562X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Innovation in the knowledge economy
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;L' innovation dans l'économie du savoir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in the Knowledge Economy: Implications for Education and Learning (Hungarian version)
    RVK:
    DI 3000
    RVK:
    QP 345
    Keywords: Informationsgesellschaft ; Bildungswesen
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105621-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring Knowledge Management in the Business Sector : First Steps (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial; premiers résultats
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial: premiers résultats
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Knowledge management involves any activity related to the capture, use and sharing of knowledge by an organisation. Evidence shows that these practices are being used more and more frequently and that their impact on innovation and other aspects of corporate performance is far from negligible. Today, there is a recognition of the need to understand and to measure the activity of knowledge management so that organisations can be more efficient and governments can develop policies to promote these benefits. This book offers a synthetic view of the results of the first systematic international survey on knowledge management carried out by national statistical offices in Canada, Denmark, France and Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100282-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing the Cost Effectiveness of Public Spending : Experience in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 109-161
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer le rapport coût-efficacité des dépenses publiques : L'expérience des pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 109-161
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. Based on detailed country reviews for over two-thirds of OECD countries, this paper identifies three main areas for action: the budget process; management practices; and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art10-en
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  • 14
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    Universality or Specialisation? (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 49-64
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Universalité ou spécialisation ?
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 49-64
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Trade globalisation is beginning to affect universities worldwide. In response to this outside pressure, institutions have become more geared to gaining international repute through research than to maintaining their reputation at home for the quality of their teaching. As a result of this focus on research, French universities, for example, are losing ground to other kinds of higher education institutions. One of the main reasons is that research encourages specialisation, whereas the market increasingly requires multi-disciplinary and cross-cutting skills. In order to explore how society’s contradictory demands can be met, two opposing models will be presented, one that seeks to preserve the universalist role of universities and another that would prompt higher education institutions to become increasingly specialised in pursuit of research excellence. Between these two extremes, there is perhaps a middle way that is difficult to follow, but that is exceptionally enriching for the university community, provided that university management is rethought. The primary mistake that can be made in any process of change is to seek to merge the role of individuals with that of institutions. Although universities can continue to pull together all the various threads that contribute to economic development, individuals cannot be expected to have the same multi-faceted profile. This means that the quality of tomorrow’s universities will depend on the quality of interpersonal relationships and how they are managed....
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art6-en
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  • 15
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    Teaching and Research: The Idea of a Nexus (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 19-30
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La relation enseignement-recherche
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 19-30
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The article explores whether the idea of a nexus between research and teaching is still influential, what meanings are attached to it and within what concepts of higher education. It draws on research into the perceptions of two groups of actors, academics and students, and some recent scholarly analyses of the issues. It argues that the idea of the nexus is still important to academics and a range of students. It is embedded in a world in which academic definitions of knowledge and higher education remain largely dominant. The recent writings examined are attempts to tighten the conceptual connections between teaching and research ...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art14-en
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  • 16
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    Australie : premier projet de partenariat public/privé pour la création d'écoles (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Australia's First Public Private Partnership School Project
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: En Australie, la conception et la construction de neuf écoles commence, sous l’égide d’un partenariat public/privé (PPP). C’est la première fois qu’un projet de ce type, portant sur l’acquisition d’une infrastructure sociale, est conduit dans ce pays.
    DOI: 10.1787/607874571142
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  • 17
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    Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La prévention du crime par l'aménagement du milieu
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Applying CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) strategies to schools can significantly contribute to a safer learning environment by influencing the behaviour of students and visitors. CPTED has three overlapping primary concepts that are intended to reduce opportunities for crime as well as fear of crime: access control, surveillance and territorial reinforcement.
    DOI: 10.1787/605207554154
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    Nuclear production of hydrogen : second Information Exchange Meeting, Argonne, Illinois, USA, 2 - 3 October 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264107711
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear science
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Information Exchange Meeting on the Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2 : 2003 : Argonne, Ill.) Nuclear production of hydrogen
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Konferenzschrift ; Wasserstofferzeugung ; Kernreaktion
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107717-en
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  • 19
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    DAC Peer Review of Ireland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 177-266
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 91 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Irlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 177-266
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Belgium and Switzerland for the Peer Review on 17 November 2003. The principal issues covered were: building public ownership of Ireland's official development co-operation programme; providing a predictable growth path for the expansion in ODA required so as to reach an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% by 2007; planning now to manage a USD 1 billion ODA programme; remaining vigilant regarding human resource issues within Development Co-operation Ireland; maintaining a cautious approach to designating new programme countries; continuing to promote more strategic approaches by NGO partners; and enhancing Ireland's contribution to addressing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art30-en
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  • 20
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    Oil Price Developments : Drivers, Economic Consequences and Policy Responses (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.412
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses the factors influencing the price of oil and its likely evolution over the next quarter century. It begins by investigating the fundamental forces shaping long-term oil price developments, highlighting the importance of growth-led demand for oil, particularly that emanating from fast-growing, energy-intensive developing countries, and the implications of increasingly geographically concentrated oil reserves. The paper presents oil price projections to 2030 and examines the sensitivity of the projections to the assumptions about growth and non-OPEC supply. While certain combinations of factors could lead to a significantly higher oil price, the projections also suggest that the optimal strategy of resource-rich oil producers would be to prevent it rising too far. The paper then documents short-term influences on the oil price, which peaked at $50 a barrel in 2004, and notes that they have probably led to a significant departure from the long-run equilibrium price ...
    DOI: 10.1787/303505385758
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    Pension reform in the Baltic countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 926402106X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.5
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Series Statement: Private pensions series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Pension reform in the Baltic countries
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264021068-en
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  • 22
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    The Economic Impact of ICT : Measurement, Evidence and Implications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The economic impact of ICT
    DDC: 658.4038
    RVK:
    QC 344
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Produktivität ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung ; OECD ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung
    Abstract: Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a key driver of economic growth over the past decade. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, of mobile telephony and of broadband networks all demonstrate how pervasive this technology has become. But how precisely does ICT affect economic growth and the efficiency of firms? And how well can these effects be measured? This report provides an overview of the economic impact of ICT on economic performance, and the ways through which it can be measured. Using available OECD data, the first part of the book examines the available measures of ICT diffusion, the role and impact of ICT investment and the role of ICT-using and ICT-producing sectors in overall economic performance. The second part of the book offers nine studies for OECD countries, based on detailed firm-level data and prepared by researchers and statisticians from a wide range of OECD countries. These studies use a variety of methods and provide detailed insights on the effects of ICT in individual countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026780-en
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    URL: Klappentext
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    The regulatory control of radioactive waste management : overview of 15 NEA member countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264106529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The regulatory control of radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le contrôle réglementaire de la gestion des déchets radioactifs : panorama de 15 pays membres de l'AEN
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106529-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Sweden 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suède 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: This review of Sweden’s environmental performance takes stock of Sweden’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1996. It finds that Sweden has benefited from solid institutional and regulatory frameworks, extensive use of economic instruments, and significant planning and legislative reform. To meet its Environmental Quality Objectives, Sweden will need to implement more efficient environmental policies, further integrate environmental concerns with other policy, and further strengthen international environmental cooperation. The report makes 44 recommendations to help strengthen Sweden’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108592-en
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    Insurance in the Baltic countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264021086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.7
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Series Statement: Policy issues in insurance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Insurance in the Baltic countries
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264021082-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; France
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of France's energy policies and programmes for 2004. It finds that French energy policy – traditionally characterised by centralisation and strong government involvement – has been largely successful in achieving energy security, environmental protection and economic efficiency. The country must now adapt to a changing European energy context in which competition and an increased international scope will play important roles. Note : Les “Conclusions et recommandations-Synthèse” (9 pages) sont en français dans la publication.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107984-en
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    The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework : Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 ; connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 ; Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version); Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 : connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 : Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version): Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PISA 2003 Assessment Framework – Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills presents the conceptual underpinnings of PISA 2003 assessments. Within each assessment area, the volume defines the content students need to acquire, the processes they need to perform, and contexts in which knowledge and skills are applied.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101739-en
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    Les incidences des principes comptables généralement admis GAAP sur la prise de décision budgétaire : Bilan de douze années d'expérience de la budgétisation sur la base des droits constatés et des produits en Nouvelle-Zélande (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 7-46
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 40 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Impact of GAAP on Fiscal Decision Making: A Review of Twelve Years' Experience with Accrual and Output-based Budgets in New Zealand
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 7-46
    Keywords: Governance ; New Zealand
    Abstract: Le présent document passe en revue la théorie et la rhétorique en matière de comptabilité et de budgétisation sur la base des droits constatés de l’administration publique. Une présentation est faite des principes comptables généralement admis (GAAP) en Nouvelle-Zélande. Le document propose l’historique de 12 années de budgets établis sur la base des droits constatés et, partant de là, il évalue les avantages réels qui en ont été tirés...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art21-fr
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    The Impact of GAAP on Fiscal Decision Making : A Review of Twelve Years' Experience with Accrual and Output-based Budgets in New Zealand (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 7-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les incidences des principes comptables généralement admis GAAP sur la prise de décision budgétaire : Bilan de douze années d'expérience de la budgétisation sur la base des droits constatés et des produits en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 7-40
    Keywords: Governance ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This paper reviews the theory and the rhetoric for accrual accounting and budgeting by government. Reference is made to generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) in New Zealand. An historical summary is provided of 12 years of accrual budgets and, using this as a base, assessments are made of the actual benefits that have been achieved...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art21-en
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    Digital Delivery of Business Services (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.79
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The business services examined in this study include software and information services, R&D and technical services, advertising and marketing, business consulting, recruitment and human resource development services. Digital delivery includes contracted out electronically mediated services supply (outsourcing) and digitally facilitated distributed work within firms, in which business services inputs are supplied electronically to support the business activities of firms. Digital delivery allows business services suppliers to combine richness and reach (i.e. to combine greater market reach with the ability to engage in richer interactions with clients). Business services activities are a significant and growing part of all OECD economies. Services are often dominated by small firms, although there are large players in most market segments. Demand for business services is strongly pro-cyclical. Innovation and high levels of competition counter market dynamics leading to concentration. Hence, new players emerge and there is considerable churn among market leaders.
    DOI: 10.1787/232751878060
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    Extending Insurance? : Funeral Associations in Ethiopia and Tanzania (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.240
    Keywords: Development ; Ethiopia ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: This paper studies the development of indigenous insurance institutions set up to help cover the high costs of funerals, using evidence from rural areas in Tanzania and Ethiopia. Many of these institutions tend to co-exist within the same community and are based on well-defined rules and regulations, often offering premium-based insurance for funeral expenses, as well as, in many cases, other forms of insurance and credit to help address hardship. The paper argues that the characteristics and inclusiveness of these institutions make them well placed as models to broaden insurance provision and other development activities in these communities. In Ethiopia, there is some encouraging experience with using these institutions, as reviewed in this paper. However, the paper argues that their fragility as institutions is well illustrated by current pressures related to HIV/AIDS, as well as by their apparent resistance to engage more broadly with NGOs and government agencies. As a ...
    DOI: 10.1787/103027727461
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    DAC Peer Review of Denmark (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 149-227
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Danemark
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 149-227
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Luxembourg and Portugal for the Peer Review on 22 May 2003. The principal issues covered were the maintaining of Danish development co-operation leadership, the further untying of aid, holding the line on Danish ODA funding levels, maintaining a strategic geographic and sector focus, broadening Danish capacity in support of policy coherence, empowering the field missions and finding operational approaches to results-based management. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art24-en
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    School Facility Projects in Latin America (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Projets d'installations scolaires en projets d'installations scolaires en Amérique latine
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many Latin American countries are undertaking projects, in line with practices disseminated by PEB, to share school facilities with the local community, to adapt traditional schools for students with disabilities, and to collaborate with private companies to finance educational buildings. The articles below describe current initiatives in five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Venezuela.
    DOI: 10.1787/602116071456
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    Consumer Sentiment and Economic Activity : A Cross Country Comparison (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 147-170
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 147-170
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The objective of this article is to reassess the validity of the consumer confidence (or sentiment) indices in anticipating the evolution of economic activity by considering a fairly high number of countries across the world (i.e. France, Germany, Italy, UK, USA, Japan, Canada and Australia) over a period of about thirty years, from the beginning of the seventies till the end of 2002 (quarterly data). To our knowledge this is the first attempt to analyse the consumer confidence index for several countries over such a long period of time. We model the CSIoutput relationship in a cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) framework, by considering a common set of variables for all countries. Our findings suggest that: (a) what appears to be the main driving forces of consumer confidence cannot be simply summarised on the basis of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2004-art10-en
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    Ageing and Financial Markets (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 85-120
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 85-120
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Over the next decades, OECD countries will experience a significant ageing of their populations. Changes in the age structure of populations affect the economy’s saving behaviour, including the level of saving and the choices of saving vehicles. During the 1990s, financial markets in general and equity markets in particular may have benefited from large inflows into pension funds and other institutionalised forms of saving. These inflows reflected to a considerable extent saving for retirement by baby boom generations. These baby boom generations are expected to start to move into retirement after 2010. Almost as a natural corollary to the developments during the 1990s, some observers have argued that when baby boomers start entering retirement they will become net sellers of financial assets to finance retirement consumption...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art4-en
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Norway (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.389
    Keywords: Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: Norwegian growth has been strong over the past decade. This development has been supported by the off-shore sector, but depleting oil reserves implies that growth will have to rely increasingly on the mainland economy. Empirical work shows that competition is important for promoting economic growth. Recognising the benefits of competition, the government wants to introduce regulatory reforms to stimulate economic growth. However, the promotion of competition has often conflicted with other policy objectives, such as maintaining a regionally dispersed population and a high degree of public ownership. This has lead to weak competition in a number of sectors, resulting in high prices, weak innovative activity and inefficient resource allocation. Reforms to promote product market competition in Norway should therefore inter alia focus on separating the public sector’s roles and functions as owner and regulator. This requires an increase in the independence of sector ...
    DOI: 10.1787/610454227534
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    Which Policies Can Reduce the Cost of Capital in Southern Africa ? (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelles politiques pour réduire le coût du capital en Afrique australe ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Lowering interest rates and, thus, the cost of borrowing in the rand zone (Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland and South Africa) is a priority to promote investment and economic growth. . Local-currency interest rates in these countries are driven by those on rand-denominated transactions. Reducing the level and volatility of the rand premium would help reduce ?nancing costs in the region. . Policies should promote: enhancing ?nancial-market liquidity; easier access to South African ?nancial markets for African entities; domestic saving capacity; and the improvement of international perception of the rand. . Johannesburg could become a ?nancial “hub” for the region, channelling cheap resources to its neighbours.
    DOI: 10.1787/566107725234
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    Private Health Insurance in Ireland : A Case Study (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland
    Abstract: This paper analyses the Irish private health insurance (PHI) market. It describes how PHI interacts with the public system, and assesses its contribution to equity, efficiency and responsiveness of the health system. The analysis identifies some of the factors affecting insurance market performance and its impact on the health system, including market characteristics, the regulatory and fiscal environment, health system organisation, and any actors’ incentives and behaviours. PHI plays a prominent role in Ireland. The health system is designed to offer comprehensive publicly funded health services to low-income groups, and universal public hospital coverage. Policies have encouraged the development of PHI to provide all individuals with a private alternative to the public system, as well as a means of funding cost-sharing and services not covered by the public system. With the implementation of the requirements of the Third EU Non-Life Directive, the PHI market, historically ...
    DOI: 10.1787/226617182041
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    La gouvernance d'entreprise dans les pays en développement, en transition et les économies émergentes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance in Developing, Transition and Emerging-Market Economies
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Des systèmes sains de gouvernance des entreprises sont d’une importance cruciale dans tous les pays, y compris les plus pauvres, pour pouvoir tirer parti de la mondialisation. • La « gouvernance d’entreprise » englobe les institutions qui régissent les relations entre ceux qui dirigent les entreprises et tous ceux qui y investissent des ressources. • La qualité de la gouvernance d’entreprise détermine fortement la capacité d’un pays à accroître durablement sa productivité réelle, ainsi que le succès de ses efforts de développement à long terme. • Les dirigeants des entreprises dans les pays en développement font un large usage de structures pyramidales du capital, de participations croisées et de catégories d’actions multiples pour tirer des rentes du contrôle des entreprises, exploiter les autres investisseurs et résister aux efforts d’amélioration de la gouvernance des entreprises. • Du fait des relations étroites qu’entretiennent les dirigeants des entreprises avec ceux qui exercent le pouvoir politique, une saine gouvernance d’entreprise requiert une saine gouvernance politique et inversement.
    DOI: 10.1787/583266834571
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    Multinationals and U.S. Productivity Leadership : Evidence from Great Britain (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
    DOI: 10.1787/125181786028
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    Average and Marginal Effective Tax Rates Facing Workers in the EU : A Micro-Level Analysis of Levels, Distributions and Driving Factors (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union
    Abstract: Macro-based effective tax rate (ETR) measures do not provide information on the level or distribution of marginal effective tax rates thought to influence household behaviour. They also do not capture differences in average ETRs facing different population sub-groups. I use EUROMOD, an EUwide tax-benefit model, to derive distributions of average and marginal ETR measures for fourteen countries. Results for each country show how many and which types of individuals face different ETR levels. I consider effective tax burdens on labour income as well as the marginal tax rates faced by working men and women. Results are broken down to isolate the influence of income taxes, social contributions and various types of social benefits ...
    DOI: 10.1787/652730151886
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  • 42
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    Highly Skilled Labour and International Mobility in South America (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/10
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper presents the main trends in respect of the supply of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in Latin America and the international mobility of its highly skilled labour. This will be done through the identification of potential data sources, followed by a presentation of indicators drawn from these sources. In addition, a short section is devoted to the main policy aspects surrounding these issues. The section on policy issues will show that the main South American countries have in common a lack of strong or efficient policies for the migration of highly skilled human resources, although in recent years important changes have occurred in some of the countries of the region. Available information sources on highly skilled labour and international mobility in South American countries are similar to those from OECD countries as far as the main types of collected data is concerned. Potential sources are labour force surveys, population ...
    DOI: 10.1787/570061570356
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  • 43
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    Le rôle des règles financières dans la budgétisation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 7-39
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 34 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Role of Fiscal Rules in Budgeting
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 7-39
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La budgétisation est un processus qui repose sur les règles à suivre pour réunir et dépenser des fonds publics. Ce sont des règles détaillées applicables à la présentation des demandes de crédit par les services chargés des dépenses, à l’examen de ces demandes par le ministère des Finances ou autre organisme central, à l’établissement du budget annuel, à l’intervention législative (dont les votes des crédits), à la dépense des fonds pendant l’exercice et à la communication de l’information sur les stocks et flux de capitaux. Pourquoi de nombreux gouvernements nationaux ont-ils adopté de nouvelles règles budgétaires s’ils ont une réglementation déjà abondante dans ce domaine ?...
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v3-art14-fr
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  • 44
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    SHA-Based National Health Accounts in Thirteen OECD Countries : A Comparative Analysis (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The purpose of the System of Health Accounts Changes in health systems and concomitant health policy questions have been challenging the traditional system of health expenditure statistics over the last couple of decades. What are the major factors accounting for health expenditure growth? What factors explain the differences between countries in expenditure growth? How to ensure sustainable financing? What are the major factors accounting for the differences in the structure of health spending? How are the changes in health spending structure and the performance of health systems related? In order to answer such questions, reliable, comparable and appropriately detailed health expenditure data are required. The System of Health Accounts intends to provide the foundation for health statistics that are able to meet these challenges. Box 1 What is the System of Health Accounts? The System of Health Accounts (SHA) proposes an integrated system of comprehensive and internationally ...
    DOI: 10.1787/131855120122
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  • 45
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    Relations entre les accords internationaux sur l'investissement (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relationships between International Investment Agreements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les accords bilatéraux, régionaux et multilatéral se sont multipliés ces dix à vingt dernières années et de nouveaux accords sont actuellement négociés. Il est donc quasiment certain que, pendant quelque temps encore, il continuera de coexister des accords relatifs à l’investissement international présentant des modalités différentes et conclus par des groupes de pays différents, qui se chevaucheront plus ou moins. Il importe par conséquent de comprendre comment ces accords continueront d’interagir et comment gérer harmonieusement ces chevauchements et ces différences. La présente étude, compte dûment tenu de la complexité des questions, a pour but de faire mieux comprendre les relations entre les accords internationaux sur l’investissement (AII) à partir d’une analyse des principaux accords de ce type et de l’expérience accumulée par l’OCDE concernant la relation entre ses propres instruments et les autres accords existants.1 Le plan de l’étude est le suivant ...
    DOI: 10.1787/261841684305
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  • 46
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    Corruption in Higher Education : Some Findings from the States of the Former Soviet Union (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 83-99
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La corruption dans l'enseignement supérieur : Enseignements tirés de la situation dans des États de l'ex-Union soviétique
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 83-99
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many observers have noted that corruption in higher education is widespread in the states of the former Soviet Union. Little empirical evidence is available, however. This article examines some theoretical approaches to the study of corruption, and presents empirical data on corruption in higher education from Russia and Azerbaijan, collected by the authors, in the light of these theoretical positions. While both states examined here have a common political heritage, higher education corruption appears to be of a diverging character in the two states. We suggest that social capital offers a helpful theory in understanding the varying levels of corruption encountered in the two states. Social capital theory also perhaps suggests that significant reductions in the extent of corruption will not be achieved by purely technical means (such as changes in organisational arrangements), but require a broader approach to achieve a strengthened civil society....
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art8-en
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  • 47
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    Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Royaume-Uni (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 67-172
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 108 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Competition Law and Policy in the United Kingdom
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 67-172
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Les institutions de politique de concurrence du Royaume-Uni sont inhabituellement complexes. Elles comportent une commission qui se préoccupe « d’intérêt public » dans les monopoles et pratiques de marché, le directeur général du commerce équitable (Fair Trading) qui applique la législation de la concurrence désormais modelée sur la législation européenne, et de nombreux régulateurs qui sont également responsables de la mise en œuvre de la même législation dans leur secteur respectif. Des pouvoirs plus forts, au titre de la loi de 1998, rendent plus crédible maintenant l’application de la loi mais davantage de changements sont encore probables, notamment s’agissant des fusions et des monopoles...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art11-fr
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  • 48
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    Land, Violent Conflict and Development (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.233
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Land dynamics are context specific and rapidly changing, and conflicts related to them do not systematically escalate into violence. One way of framing the discussion is to consider change in the structures of power governing the management of resources in rural areas as necessary to achieve greater efficiency and equity. Since such change will be opposed by beneficiaries of the system in place, the transformation of agriculture is bound to be marred by conflicts of various intensity levels. At the heart of these conflicts lies land because of its very high material and symbolic values. Evidence shows that (a) whether they result from pre-existing agrarian tensions or not, conflict situations in rural societies deeply affect the politics of land, and (b) whether it is at the heart of a conflict or gets dragged into it, land requires a careful approach by policy makers because it is a central element in the evolution of societies. As a result, policies pertaining to land can ...
    DOI: 10.1787/717151268534
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  • 49
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    Overcoming Barriers to Competitiveness (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.239
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Raising manufacturing productivity is of central importance to the developing world and an essential element of policy making. Overcoming Barriers to Competitiveness is about establishing the most reliable analysis of manufacturing productivity possible and helping policy makers set their priorities. The paper demonstrates that productivity rests on five elements of the economy: infrastructure, capital, trade, education and aggregate efficiency. These factors, when multiplied together, give a true picture of a country’s situation on the productivity “league table”. More than a simple comparison, this ranking system allows the identification of which elements in each particular national or regional case require most attention. This approach can be viewed as another way of addressing the so-called “competitiveness problem” of poor countries. It does not say, however, that other areas can be totally neglected; one of the main points of the paper is that all five elements have to be ...
    DOI: 10.1787/580345651778
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  • 50
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Australia : National Health Accounts 2000 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.1
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the first in this series, presenting the Australian SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/332278255723
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    An Innovative School Revisited : Leith Academy and the Projects that Followed (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une école novatrice revisitée : L'académie de Leith et les projets subséquents
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: In 1995, PEB published a case study on the United Kingdom’s Leith Academy. The following article examines the Academy’s original design, how the facilities have served over the 13 years since their construction and their influence on subsequent designs.
    DOI: 10.1787/630323063314
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  • 52
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    The Reform of the Health Care System in Portugal (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.405
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
    Abstract: An ambitious reform to increase efficiency of the Portuguese health care system was launched in 2002. In contrast to previous attempts of gradual reforms, which were never fully implemented, the strategy has been to create a big bang in the health sector, making changes essentially irreversible. The reform has two main aims: to deliver better-quality public health services than at present but at no higher cost; and to reduce the underlying growth rate of public health-care spending over the medium term. New legislation approved includes the separation of the functions of regulation, financing and provision of health care services; setting up new models of financing for providers, which impose harder budget constraints; the introduction of incentives towards productivity, management and quality improvements; the possibility for the private sector to play a larger role in service provision; and the promotion of generic drugs. After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/080445552681
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  • 53
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    La Business Academy Bexley : Une école britannique à financement semi-privé (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The United Kingdom's Part-Privately Funded Business Academy Bexley
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: La Business Academy Bexley est l’un des premiers établissements d’État autonomes spécialisés fonctionnant en Europe avec des financements mixtes. Elle s’inscrit dans la nouvelle démarche adoptée par le Royaume-Uni pour relever le niveau éducatif dans les zones socialement et scolairement défavorisées. L’établissement a été conçu pour faciliter l’intégration des élèves et de la population locale et améliorer le processus d’apprentissage.
    DOI: 10.1787/607642351720
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  • 54
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    Australia's First Public Private Partnership School Project (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Australie : premier projet de partenariat public/privé pour la création d'écoles
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: The design and construction of nine schools has commenced in Australia using a Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) methodology. This is the first project in Australia where social infrastructure has been acquired in this way.
    DOI: 10.1787/616725002620
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  • 55
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    Accounting for Russia's Post-Crisis Growth (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.404
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This paper provides an in depth analysis of Russia’s recent growth, with a view to understanding the prospects for its continuation. It examines in detail the main drivers of growth, as well as the main developments and policies that have been underlying it. A key finding is that the role of the oil sector, and particularly privately owned oil companies, has been vastly more important in driving economic growth since 2001 than most analyses have recognised. The oil sector’s contribution to growth has hitherto been severely underestimated as official data do not account for transfer pricing and thus fail to reflect fully the importance of the hydrocarbon sector in the Russian economy. The paper further argues that prudent postcrisis fiscal policy, by balancing the federal budget over the oil-price cycle, has also been essential for creating a macroeconomic environment conducive to strong growth. Looking forward, it is argued that - given its economic structure - Russia is bound to ...
    DOI: 10.1787/537250231174
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  • 56
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    Background Paper for the OECD Workshop on Spam (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Note de synthèse pour l'atelier de l'OCDE sur le spam
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This background paper has been prepared to provide a broad overview of the issues associated with spam as information for participants at the OECD Workshop on Spam, to be held at the European Commission on 2-3 February 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232784860063
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    Business Dynamics in Europe (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This study presents evidence on firm entry and exit, growth and survival derived with new data from Eurostat, covering nine European Union member countries. One contribution of the study is an analysis of the role of data quality for studies of firm demographics. Confronting results obtained with the Eurostat data with those of a previous OECD cross-country firm-level data project reveals that different size thresholds and difficulties in distinguishing genuine firm entry and exit from mergers & acquisitions, ownership changes or changes in legal form can have sizeable impacts on results. Cross-country differences in firm entry and exit rates are analysed with a special emphasis on detailed information and communication technology (ICT) related sectors, which has not been possible with previously available cross-country data. After controlling for some basic factors, such as countries’ industry composition, crosscountry differences in entry and exit rates in mature sectors turn out ...
    DOI: 10.1787/250652270238
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    A New Library for Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une nouvelle bibliothèque pour l'Institut de technologie Galway-Mayo
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: The newly-built library at Ireland’s Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT) is innovative in design, responds to environmental conditions and identifies the campus with its location.
    DOI: 10.1787/627167257715
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  • 59
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Sweden (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.388
    Keywords: Economics ; Sweden
    Abstract: Vigorous product market competition plays a central role in bolstering productivity growth. Sweden has strengthened competition legislation and deregulated a number of sectors, including electricity, telecommunications and parts of transport, over the past 10 to 15 years. This paper examines the current state of product market competition and proposes further measures. A stronger institutional framework would facilitate identification and elimination of anti-competitive behaviour, such as hard-core cartels. Efforts to inject effective competition into a range of network industries have been broadly successful, but specific measures could increase competition in several sectors, such as retail and construction. There is also room to boost competition in Sweden’s large and decentralised public sector and in its interactions with the private sector, so that competitive neutrality applies to all public sector activities ...
    DOI: 10.1787/735381855384
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    The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.80
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As the development of broadband access builds momentum, policy makers are increasingly turning their attention to the availability of these services in rural and remote areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/232744838147
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  • 61
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    Mobiliser l'opinion publique contre la pauvreté (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobilising Public Opinion against Global Poverty
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les citoyens des pays de l'OCDE soutiennent sans réserve les actions en faveur de davantage de solidarité et de justice à l'échelle mondiale. Cependant, et malgré l'adoption des Objectifs de développement du millénaire par leurs gouvernements en 2000, ils connaissent mal les questions de développement international. S'ils étaient mieux informés, ils pourraient apporter un soutien renforcé à l’adoption de politiques de développement plus efficaces et plus cohérentes, ainsi qu'à une hausse des financements. Les autorités nationales doivent donc mieux faire connaître tant les objectifs poursuivis que les résultats et l'efficacité de leurs politiques de développement international.
    DOI: 10.1787/015116868263
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    The Performance of Financial Groups in the Recent Difficult Environment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The past few years were characterised by an economic downturn, a substantial stock market correction from March 2000 to March 2003, financial asset deterioration, record corporate default rates, the Argentina sovereign default and several natural and man-made catastrophes, including most notably the September 11 attacks. Against this background, the present note looks at the performance of financial groups during this period. The recent decade has seen the formation of an increasing number of such groups, although some have argued that, ex post, the benefits associated with the formation of such groups may have been smaller than initially thought. The note concludes that financial groups have been quite resilient in the face of these various shocks, which is reflected in their equity market valuations...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art3-en
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    Issues for Trade and Competition in the Global Context (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 7-55
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions touchant les échanges et la concurrence dans le contexte international
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 7-55
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The complex relationship between trade policy and competition policy has been under study in the OECD for many years. In response to the Doha Declaration by WTO Ministers (November 2001), the OECD intensified its efforts, focussing on the topics suggested in Paragraphs 23-25 of the Declaration, i) core principles of non-discrimination, transparency and procedural fairness; ii) effective action against hard core cartels; iii) special and differential treatment/flexibility and progressivity; iv) voluntary co-operation in competition law; v) peer review and other possible compliance mechanisms: vi) capacity building and progressive reinforcement of competition institutions. This paper presents a synthesis of the work that has been done on each of these topics by the OECD Joint Group on Trade and Competition and the Competition Committee. It was discussed on the occasion of the Joint Global Forum on Trade and Competition in May 2003, which brought together participants from over 70 economies, international organisations and non-governmental organisations to dialogue and moved forward the debate. The proceedings of the Forum have been published...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art10-en
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    Real-Time Tests of the Leading Economic Index : Do Changes in the Index Composition Matter? (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 171-191
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 171-191
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In an important paper, Diebold and Rudebusch (1991) find that, despite good performance for post revision historical versions, the U.S. Index of Leading Economic Indicators (LEI) fails to improve forecasts in real time out-of-sample tests. This paper revisits the issue of real-time performance of the LEI using growth rate forecast specifications. We contrast real-time out-of-sample tests of LEI forecasts using „composition-changing” or „as-published” versions of the LEI with those based on „composition-constant” indexes. The goal is ...
    DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2004-art11-en
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  • 65
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    Aid Effectiveness and Selectivity : Integrating Multiple Objectives into Aid Allocations (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficacité de l'aide et la sélectivité : Intégrer de multiples objectifs dans les décisions d'affectation de l'aide
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-40
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper reports on recent work on improving the effectiveness of aid allocations, and extends the scope of analysis beyond the aid-policy-growth-poverty linkages to include three new elements: a broader range of poverty-relevant objectives and effectiveness constraints of aid; practical experience in the application of quantitative analysis to allocations; and analytic approaches to determining shares of aid through multilateral channels and for global public goods. There is wide consensus on the main allocation criteria for effectiveness in reducing poverty through pro-poor growth: the level and incidence of poverty and the development performance of partner countries. Other variables that raise the impact of aid on growth are helping vulnerable countries adjust to shocks, debt relief and post-conflict reconstruction. Considering broader development and humanitarian objectives, aid should also be allocated to prevent violent conflict and to improve governance and social conditions in “difficult partnerships”. In addition, global public goods are severely under-funded, and there is some evidence of under-funding of multilateral programmes...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art21-en
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  • 66
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    Private Health Insurance in OECD Countries : The Benefits and Costs for Individuals and Health Systems (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.15
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Governments often look to private health insurance (PHI) as a possible means of addressing some health system challenges. For example, they may consider enhancing its role as an alternative source of health financing and a way to increase system capacity, or promoting it as a tool to further additional health policy goals, such as enhanced individual responsibility. In some countries policy makers regard PHI as a key element of their health coverage systems While private health insurance represents, on average, only a small share of total health funding across the OECD area, it plays a significant role in health financing in some OECD countries and it covers at least 30% of the population in a third of the OECD members. It also plays a variety of roles, ranging from primary coverage for particular population groups to a supporting role for public systems. This paper assesses evidence on the effects of PHI in different national contexts and draws conclusions about its ...
    DOI: 10.1787/527211067757
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  • 67
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    Policies Bearing on Product Market Competition and Growth in Europe (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.378
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The strength of product market competition plays an important role in economic growth as it affects economic efficiency and the allocation of resources, and can also lead to improved labour market performance. This paper examines product market competition and economic performance in the European Union. The Community’s competition rules, which apply whenever anti-competitive practices have an implication for cross-border trade, are enforced primarily by the Commission’s Directorate General for Competition, and complement national competition legislation. Reforms have been adopted recently to sharpen the toolkit and to increase the role of national authorities in the enforcement process. However, the toolkit could still be made more effective. Competition policy is complemented by, and partly overlapping with, the regulation of newly liberalised network industries. Despite the EU’s commendable efforts in this area, competition is still undermined by dominant incumbents in some ...
    DOI: 10.1787/346707867476
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  • 68
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    Measuring atypical jobs : levels and changes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten) , Diagramme, Tabellen
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2004/01
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Over the past years, non-standard, flexible employment contracts have gained in importance in many OECD countries. This has made it difficult for statisticians to apply standard classifications of working arrangements to measure and analyse labour market developments. This paper presents a new classification of atypical working arrangements, developed by Istat, the Italian Statistical Institute. The paper also uses this classification to quantify the level of atypical jobs and their development between 1996 and 2002 ...
    DOI: 10.1787/304848747482
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 69
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    Detailed Review Paper on Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay for the Detection of Thyroid Active Substances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079144-en
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  • 70
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Poland : National Health Accounts 1999 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the tenth in this series, presenting the Polish SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/424841544126
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  • 71
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies Germany : National Health Accounts 2001 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.4
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the fourth in this series, presenting the German SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/353378157367
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  • 72
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Japan : National Health Accounts 2000 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.6
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the sixth in this series, presenting the Japanese SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/368578225084
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  • 73
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    Test No. 432: In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432; Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to evaluate photo-cytotoxicity by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the chemical in the presence versus absence of light. Balb/c 3T3 cells are maintained in culture for 24 h for formation of monolayers. Two 96-well plates are pre-incubated with eight different concentrations of the test substance for 1 h. Thereafter one of the two plates is exposed to the highest non-cytotoxic irradiation dose whereas the other plate is kept in the dark. Cytotoxicity in this test is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the Vital dye Neutral Red (NR) when measured 24 hours after treatment with the test chemical and irradiation. NR penetrates cell membranes by non-diffusion, accumulating in lysosomes. Alterations of the cell surface of the sensitive lysosomal membrane lead to lysosomal fragility and other changes that gradually become irreversible. Such changes result in a decreased uptake and binding of NR. It is thus possible to distinguish between viable, damaged or dead cells. To predict the phototoxic potential, the concentration responses obtained in the presence and in the absence of irradiation are compared, usually at the IC50 level, i.e., the concentration reducing cell viability to 50 % compared to the untreated controls. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071162-en
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  • 74
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    The Impact of Social Institutions on the Economic Role of Women in Developing Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.234
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Donor agencies and policy makers tend to agree that increased access of women to education, health, credit, formal legal rights and employment opportunities, in conjunction with economic growth, will substantially improve the socio-economic role of women in developing countries. This paper challenges that view. It argues that these measures might not be sufficient if the institutional framework within a country constrains women from participating in economic activities. It finds that social institutions — laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct — constitute the most important single factor determining women’s freedom of choice in economic activities. They have not only a direct impact on the economic role of women but also an indirect one through women’s access to resources like education and health care. The findings suggest that an institutional framework that disadvantages half of the adult population hinders development. To address gender inequalities effectively, policy ...
    DOI: 10.1787/262577344262
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  • 75
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    Perspectives de l'investissement international (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264299184
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Investment Perspectives 2002
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264299184-fr
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  • 76
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    Incitations et changements institutionnels dans l'enseignement supérieur (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 29-43
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Incentives and Institutional Changes in Higher Education
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 29-43
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les systèmes éducatifs du monde entier continuent de dépendre en grande mesure des sources publiques de financement. Les dépenses consacrées à l’enseignement supérieur sont couvertes à près de 80 % par les fonds publics dans les pays de l’OCDE et cette proportion est plus forte encore dans les pays en développement. Nombre de pays s’efforcent actuellement de réduire cette dépendance vis-à-vis des crédits publics et de s’orienter vers des réformes plus fondées sur le jeu du marché. Ils doivent, pour ce faire, aménager le cadre des politiques macroéconomiques afin d’entraîner des changements au niveau des établissements. Les changements institutionnels peuvent être induits au moyen de « mandats » ou de « récompenses ». Les mandats exigent des établissements qu’ils adoptent une forme particulière de comportement institutionnel et s’assortissent d’une menace de sanctions en cas de non respect de ces directives. En revanche, les récompenses offrent des motivations et des incitations au changement. Récompenses et incitations prennent effet quand l’action des pouvoirs publics donne aux établissements la possibilité de choisir dans quel sens ils vont modifier leur comportement. La motivation d’un changement de comportement dépend d’une part, du niveau de performance qui conditionne l’attribution d’une récompense et d’autre part, de la récompense que l’on peut attendre de la réalisation de la tâche entreprise. En général, les mandats sont plus facilement respectés quand les établissements luttent pour survivre, alors qu’il est préférable de recourir aux incitations et aux récompenses quand les établissements s’efforcent de revivre et de se développer. On compte dans bon nombre de pays sur les systèmes d’incitations et de récompenses pour faire advenir les changements dans l’enseignement supérieur. Il est question dans cet article de la possibilité de faire changer les établissements grâce aux incitations....
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art4-fr
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    Science and Technology Facilities (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements pour les sciences et la technologie
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: These four articles relate to science and technology infrastructure for secondary and tertiary institutions. The first article presents a view on approaches to teaching science in school and illustrates ideal science facilities for secondary education. The second piece reports on work underway to improve the Science Complex at the Université du Québec à Montreal. The third describes a secondary level vocational training centre devoted to new technologies in Quebec. The fourth article visits an Australian science and mathematics specialist school.
    DOI: 10.1787/618852650444
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  • 78
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    Une nouvelle bibliothèque pour l'Institut de technologie Galway-Mayo (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A New Library for Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: En Irlande, la nouvelle bibliothèque de L'Institut de technologie Galway-Mayo (GMIT) est novatrice par sa conception, satisfait aux conditions environnementales et identifie le campus à son emplacement.
    DOI: 10.1787/623120328678
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  • 79
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    Creating 21st Century Learning Environments (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concevoir les environnements d'apprentissage du XXIe siècle
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The seminar on “Creating 21st Century Learning Environments” was organised by the United Kingdom’s Department for Education and Skills (DfES) and the OECD Programme on Educational Building (PEB). Two presentations from the United Kingdom are described here.
    DOI: 10.1787/606722303580
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  • 80
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    Private Health Insurance in France (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: While France has a universal public health insurance system, the coverage it provides is incomplete and the vast majority the French population has private complementary health insurance. Among OECD countries, the share of health care financed by private insurance is third highest behind the US and the Netherlands, two countries where private coverage is the primary source of payment for a large percentage of the population. France’s high rate of private insurance coverage is partly explained by historical factors and partly by the preferential tax treatment of employer-sponsored coverage. Because of the high rate of employerprovision – roughly half of all contracts are obtained through the workplace – coverage tends to vary with activity and industry classification. Historically, coverage was also positively related with income. In 2000, the French government introduced a new program, the Couverture Maladie Universelle (CMU), which extended eligibility for publicly funded ...
    DOI: 10.1787/555485381821
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  • 81
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    Incitations et transparence : Le contexte canadien (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 105-119
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Incentives and Accountability: The Canadian Context
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 105-119
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Depuis 1997, le gouvernement fédéral du Canada a mis en place diverses mesures incitatives pour accroître considérablement le financement de la recherche universitaire au pays. Ces initiatives de financement ont été bien accueillies par les universités canadiennes, mais elles accordent aussi une importance accrue à la reddition de comptes, ce qui impose aux universités de nouvelles conditions d’admissibilité à ces fonds. Étant donné que la recherche et l’innovation sont devenues des catégories de dépenses plus importantes pour les fonds publics fédéraux, les universités canadiennes sont soumises à un examen de plus en plus strict en raison des préoccupations liées à la reddition de comptes et à la sécurité publiques. Les nouveaux programmes nécessitent souvent une plus grande coordination centrale stratégique, et le personnel administratif des universités, en plus du corps professoral, doit par conséquent justifier les demandes de financement. Les universités sont également tenues de se conformer à une série croissante de directives et de règlements codifiés par le gouvernement fédéral. Ces attentes fédérales en matière de reddition de comptes se multiplient à mesure que l’investissement dans la recherche et les différents types de mécanismes de financement croissent et se compliquent du fait que les ...
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art18-fr
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    Selecting Indicators for the Quality of Diabetes Care at the Health Systems Level in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.15
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the recommendations of an international expert group on indicators for diabetes care. Based on a review of existing indicators and an assessment of gaps left open by existing indicators, the experts set out to select indicators to cover clinical processes of diabetes care as well as proximal and distal outcomes of care. The review led to a recommendation of nine indicators: annual HbA1c testing, annual LDL cholesterol testing, annual screening for nephropathy, annual eye exam, HbA1c control, LDL cholesterol control, lower extremity amputation rates, kidney disease in persons with diabetes, and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.
    DOI: 10.1787/165531523300
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  • 83
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    Gestalt Revisited : Spin-offs and Assessment in International University Co-operation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 65-82
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Gestalt revisitée : Retombées et évaluation de la coopération universitaire internationale
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 65-82
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: International university co-operation is in a constant state of metamorphosis. Its future rests upon extraneous forces such as globalization and internationalization and also upon those who make policy decisions. Many international university organizations are auditing their programs and initiatives to such a degree that the cost effectiveness of such quality control measures are put into question. Institutional leaders are often forced to contend with low morale, trying their best to bolster a sense of hope, meaning and potential to international initiatives that are more likely to be financially sound than altruistic. Although current data suggest that bottom-top approaches to international co-operation are more likely to withstand the changes of time, it is often left to top-bottom directives to set a course for action. Drawing upon a specific and recently updated research study, this paper examines salient programs and initiatives that would otherwise not exist had it not been for certain policy makers who have actively advocated and promoted international university co-operation. It is in this vein that Wertheimer’s Gestalt approach is re-examined....
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v16-art7-en
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    Central Africa and the Cross-border Regions : Reconstruction and Integration Prospects (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Afrique Centrale et les régions transfrontalières : Perspectives de reconstruction et d'intégration
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The study in question shows the potential embodied in the regional forces around three large Central African basins: the North West basin (Atlantic Ocean), the East basin (Indian Ocean) and the South basin (southern Africa). It serves as a back-up to the Initiative for Central Africa (INICA) which is an informal framework for dialogue and a bridge between the local and regional levels, the aim of which is to provide backing for regional actors who develop initiatives conducive to a return to peace and stability in the region...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art28-en
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    Trends in International Migration : SOPEMI (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2003
    DOI: 10.1787/migr_outlook-2003-en
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  • 86
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    Addressing the Economics of Waste (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 628.44
    RVK:
    AR 21900
    Keywords: Environment ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Kostenmanagement ; Abfallpolitik ; Recycling ; Abfallvermeidung
    Abstract: The Workshop held by OECD in October 2003, in Paris, France, brought together leading experts to take stock of “the state of the art" on the economics of waste and to help select topics on which the OECD could usefully do additional work. The book comprises the Workshop papers by leading experts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106192-en
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  • 87
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    Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : République Tchèque 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106420
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Czech Republic 2004
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: La République tchèque, à l'aube de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne, a connu une croissance relativement régulière et attiré un flux important d’investissements directs étrangers. L'un des défis majeurs auxquels la République tchèque doit faire face est de préserver le rôle de la région de la capitale de Prague et de ses environs comme moteurs de la croissance de l'économie nationale, tout en assurant un développement adéquat dans d'autres régions. Cette étude examine les sujets suivants : le chômage, l’aide à l’entreprenariat et l’adaptation aux nouvelles technologies ainsi que les obstacles indirects à la mobilité du travail.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106420-fr
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  • 88
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    Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications : Third Villigen Workshop - Villigen, Switzerland - 21-23 October 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Since 1998, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency has been organising a series of workshops to address the various aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. These workshops have been instrumental in forging consensus and improving understanding of key issues in this area. Building on the experience of the first two "Villigen workshops", the third in the series extensively analysed three case studies, which covered the licensing of a new facility, the clean-up and release of an old facility, and the rehabilitation of a large, contaminated area. Consideration was given to the stakeholder involvement processes that had been used, and the implications that that these did or could have on radiological protection policy, regulation and application. The workshop papers analysing these processes and implications are presented in these proceedings, which should provide valuable examples and lessons for governments, regulators and practitioners.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108264-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
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    Geological Disposal: Building Confidence Using Multiple Lines of Evidence : First AMIGO Workshop Proceedings - Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, 3-5 June 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: When preparing the safety case for a deep geological repository of radioactive waste, the integration of wide-ranging information from multidisciplinary sources is a complex task. This has provided the motivation for establishing AMIGO, an OECD/NEA international project on “Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case”. AMIGO is structured as a series of biannual topical workshops involving site characterisation and safety assessment practitioners with experience in both sedimentary and crystalline rock settings. The first AMIGO workshop was organised in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland on 3-5 June 2003. The main objective of the workshop was to exchange views on building confidence in analyses and arguments that support the safety case using multiple lines of evidence and integrating the work of geoscientists and safety assessors. These proceedings present the outcomes of this workshop.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015937-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
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    OCDE Forum 2004 : Coup de projecteur sur le Forum 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108493
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2004; Forum Highlights
    Keywords: Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108493-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 91
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    Essai n 222: Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070332
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 222; Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode d’essai est conçue pour évaluer les effets des produits chimiques dans le sol sur le taux de reproduction (et d'autres critères sub-létaux) de deux espèces de lombric : Eisenia fetida ou Eisenia andrei. Des vers adultes sont exposés à une gamme des concentrations de la substance d'essai, mélangée dans le sol ou appliquée sur la surface du sol. La gamme des concentrations d'essai est choisie pour couvrir les concentrations susceptibles de provoquer des effets à la fois sub-létaux et létaux, sur une période de huit semaines. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 1000 mg/kg. Cette étude inclut l'observation de comportements inhabituels et de la morphologie, le comptage et le pesage des vers adultes après les quatre premières semaines et le nombre de juvéniles éclos à la fin de la deuxième période de quatre semaines. Le taux de reproduction des vers exposés à la substance d'essai est comparé à celui des témoins afin de déterminer la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) et/ou la CEx, en utilisant un modèle de régression pour estimer la concentration qui entraînerait une réduction de x% du taux de reproduction. Les concentrations expérimentales doivent couvrir la CEx de façon à ce que la CEx soit interpolée plutôt qu’extrapolée.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070332-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 92
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    Libéralisation des échanges de services : Identification des possibilités et des avantages (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Services Trade Liberalisation: Identifying Opportunities and Gains
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Cette étude comporte deux volets : l'identification d'exemples concrets d'exportations de services par les pays en développement, et des études quantitatives sur les avantages de la libéralisation. Loin d'être exhaustive, elle est limitée à bien des égards, mais l'on peut néanmoins en dégager deux conclusions essentielles. Tout d'abord, comme l'illustre la première partie de l'étude, il apparaît clairement que le secteur des services présente pour les pays en développement un très grand intérêt du point de vue des exportations par-delà le mode 4 (mouvements temporaires de personnes physiques fournissant des services), dans la mesure où ces pays sont des acteurs mondiaux ou régionaux dans des secteurs comme les services aux entreprises (externalisation), les services portuaires et services de transport maritime, les services audiovisuels, les services de télécommunications, les services de construction et les services de santé. Deuxièmement, comme on le voit dans la seconde partie de l'étude, pour la plupart des pays dont beaucoup de pays en développement, les gains liés aux exportations résultant de la libéralisation du marché ne sont ni la seule ni la plus importante source de gains attendus. Les avantages de la libéralisation des services découlent, pour une bonne part, non de la recherche d'un meilleur accès aux marchés à l'étranger mais de l'accroissement de la compétitivité et de l'efficience du marché intérieur. Ensemble, les deux observations de cette étude mettent en évidence les avantages potentiels de la libéralisation du marché des services tant pour les pays développés que pour les pays en développement.
    DOI: 10.1787/750376550000
    URL: Volltext
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  • 93
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    Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016002
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Grundsätze der Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 Edition (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Os Princípios da OCDE sobre o Governo das Sociedades 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    QP 341
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Depuis leur publication en 1999, les Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE sont devenus un outil de référence à l’échelle internationale en matière de gouvernement d'entreprise. Ils sont largement utilisés par les gouvernements, les organismes de régulation, les investisseurs, les entreprises et les parties prenantes tant dans les pays membres de l'OCDE que dans les pays non membres. Ils ont été adoptés par le Forum pour la Stabilité Financière comme l'une des douze normes fondamentales de la solidité des systèmes financiers. Cette version révisée prend en compte les évolutions intervenues depuis 1999 et inclut plusieurs modifications importantes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016002-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 94
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    Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et non membres de l'OCDE : Supplément 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016569
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (402 p.)
    Series Statement: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Les financements sont indispensables au commerce international ; aussi les organismes de crédit à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public jouent-ils un rôle crucial en accordant, assurant et garantissant ces financements. Cette publication offre une description détaillée des systèmes de crédit à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public qui sont en vigueur dans les pays de l’OCDE et dans certaines économies non membres. A l’échelle internationale, la très grande majorité des crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public est assurée par le biais de ces systèmes. Cette publication contient également la dernière version de l'Arrangement relatif aux lignes directrices pour les crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public (le seul accord international à régir l'octroi de crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public). Les règles de l'Arrangement portent notamment sur le soutien financier public, le délai maximum de remboursement, la prime minimum de risque et l'aide relative aux échanges pour les projets, les biens et les services bénéficiant de crédits à l'exportation d'une durée minimum de deux ans. Le texte de l'accord complémentaire qui prévoit des conditions souples pour les opérations de financement de projets figure également dans cet ouvrage. En outre, cette publication présente pour la première fois des informations sur les études importantes entreprises par le Groupe de travail de l'OCDE sur les crédits et garanties de crédit à l'exportation. Ces études concernent notamment les liens entre les crédits à l'exportation bénéficiant d'un soutien public et les préoccupations plus larges des gouvernements et de la société civile des pays membres, qu’il s’agisse de problèmes environnementaux, d’efforts pour combattre la corruption ou de la viabilité de la dette des pays pauvres très endettés. Dans ce contexte, la Recommandation de l’OCDE sur l’environnement et les crédits à l’exportation bénéficiant d’un soutien public, adoptée par le Conseil de l’OCDE fin 2003, est également incluse dans cette publication.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016569-fr
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  • 95
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    Detailed Review Paper on Fish Screening Assays for the Detection of Endocrine Active Substances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.47
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of fish screening assays for chemicals active at the endocrine level on the reproductive system of test animals.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079151-en
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  • 96
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    Guidance Document on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Environmental Persistance and Long-Range Transport (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (83 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.45
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Document is addressed to those who are involved in risk assessment and management of chemicals called POPs (persistent organic pollutants) or PBTs (persistent and bio-accumulating toxics). It is about using multimedia models, i.e. generic evaluative models that can calculate overall environmental persistence (Pov) and potential for long-range transport (LTRP) covering multiple compartments such as air, water, sediment and soil: what models you can use to identify and characterize POPs/PBTs, what data to use, and how to use model calculations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079137-en
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  • 97
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    Regulatory Reform and Market Openness : Understanding the Links to Enhance Economic Performance (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.9
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre la relation entre la réforme de la réglementation et l'ouverture des marchés pour améliorer les performances économiques
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study examines the interconnections between domestic regulatory reform and market openness by drawing on OECD’s earlier work on the regulatory aspects of trade. Part 1 considers how domestic regulations and regulatory reform affect market openness. It shows how with the help of advanced regulatory reform tools and approaches governments can create regulations and regulatory procedures that efficiently meet their policy objectives while at the same time supporting market access. Part 2 demonstrates that international market opening can contribute to facilitating domestic regulatory reform. Trade agreements signed on the multilateral, regional and bilateral levels can promote general principles or specific elements of good regulation and help guide or drive countries' individual regulatory reform efforts. Finally, part 3 analyzes the mutual benefits of regulatory reform and an open multilateral system for trade and investment. It is argued that by increasing domestic economic efficiency, raising the international competitiveness of domestic enterprises and reducing barriers to trade and investment, traderelated regulatory reform enables countries to take better advantage of trade liberalization and of open global markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/315070506641
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  • 98
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    Entrepreneurship : a catalyst for urban regeneration; [... based on the proceedings of the Conference on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Distressed Urban Areas held 7 - 8 October 2003 in Rome] (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017320 , 9264017321
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Entrepreneurship
    RVK:
    QK 300
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Städtischer Niedergang ; Stadterneuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Konferenzschrift ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftsförderung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017320-en
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  • 99
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    Fondations philanthropiques et coopération pour le développement (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 81-164
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 85 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Philanthropic Foundations and Development Co-operation
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 81-164
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les fondations philanthropiques ont beaucoup apporté au développement, en particulier dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de la planification familiale et de la lutte contre les maladies infectueuses. Les interventions les plus efficaces sont des investissements à long terme fondés sur une vision d’avenir et de bonnes connaissances scientifiques, correspondant bien aux capacités locales. Les dépenses totales que consacrent les fondations à des activités de développement atteignent aujourd’hui 3 milliards d’USD environ, et sont essentiellement le fait de grandes fondations des États-Unis. Leurs activités s’inscrivent de plus en plus souvent dans le cadre de partenariats public/privé qui s’intéressent aussi bien aux productions végétales qu’à la recherche médicale ou à l’amélioration des infrastructures, en particulier pour l’approvisionnement en eau. Les fondations sont aussi à l’origine de stratégies novatrices pour le renforcement de la démocratie dans les pays en développement. L’amélioration des échanges d’information avec les organismes publics d’aide et la mise en place d’incitations fiscales visant à les encourager à poursuivre leurs activités peuvent contribuer à optimiser leur contribution au développement à l’avenir...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art23-fr
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  • 100
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    Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making : processes and implications; third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21 - 23 October 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264108262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radiation protection
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108264-en
    URL: Volltext
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