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  • 1
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    International migration outlook ... (ab 2006-)
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. International migration outlook ...
    Paralleltitel: Dt. Ausg. Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Vorheriger Titel: annual report ...
    Vorheriger Titel: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    LB 56000
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    KOBV
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Ageing and employment policies : = Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi (2003-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Ageing and employment policies
    Vorheriger Titel: 2.2003 Hauptsacht. franz.. - 2.2003 Parallelsacht. engl.
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    International migration outlook ... (ab 2006-)
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Vorheriger Titel: annual report ...
    Vorheriger Titel: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    LB 56000
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    DNB
    MPI-MMG
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD e-government studies (2003-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. OECD e-government studies
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Enterprise policy performance assessment (2003-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Enterprise policy performance assessment
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International standardisation of fruit and vegetables (2000-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch , Französisch , Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. International standardisation of fruit and vegetables
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Physics of plutonium recycling : a report (1995-)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD documents
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Physics of plutonium recycling
    Anmerkung: Name des Urhebers später: Working Party on the Physics of Plutonium Fuels and Innovative Fuel Cycles
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fighting corruption in transition economies (2005-)
    Paris : OECD
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Serie: Emerging economies transition
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Fighting corruption in transition economies
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    International migration outlook ... (ab 2006-)
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , ISSN 1999-124X , ISSN 1999-124X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Vorheriger Titel: annual report ...
    Vorheriger Titel: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    LB 56000
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    KOBV
  • 10
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    International migration outlook ... (ab 2006-)
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Vorheriger Titel: annual report ...
    Vorheriger Titel: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    LB 56000
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Schlagwort(e): Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 11
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Development co-operation report (ab 2006-2019)
    Paris : OECD ; 2005(2006) - 2007(2008); 2009-2019
    Details
    ISSN: 2074-773X , 2074-7721 , 2074-7721
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 2005(2006) - 2007(2008); 2009-2019
    Suppl.: 2005=7,1; 2006=8,1; 2007=9,1; 2009=10,1 von OECD. Development Assistance Committee OECD journal on development Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006 1816-8124
    Paralleltitel: Übersetzt als Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Development co-operation report
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Coopération pour le développement
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg. Development co-operation
    DDC: 310
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungshilfe ; OECD-Staaten ; Internationale Organisation ; Politisches Ziel ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; OECD Development Assistance Committee Ziele und Programme internationalen Akteurs ; Auslandshilfepolitik einzelner Staaten ; Internationale Wirtschaftszusammenarbeit ; Auslands- und Entwicklungshilfe ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; OECD
    Anmerkung: 2020 fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Bis 2007 Berichtsjahr als Zählung, ab 2009 das jeweils aktuelle Jahr; 2011 als 50. anniversary ed. bez.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    MPI-MMG
  • 12
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Die OECD in Zahlen und Fakten : Wirtschaft, Umwelt, Gesellschaft (ab 2005-2016)
    Paris : OECD ; 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12(2012); 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/16(2016); damit Ersch. eingest.
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-3879 , 2307-3764
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12(2012); 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/16(2016); damit Ersch. eingest.
    Serie: OECD publishing
    Paralleltitel: Engl. Ausg. OECD OECD factbook
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. Die OECD in Zahlen und Fakten
    DDC: 337.1021
    RVK:
    PR 2353
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Statistische Grunddaten ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Umweltstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Bevölkerung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    DNB
    MPI-MMG
  • 13
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    OECD factbook : economic, environmental and social statistics (ab 2005-2016)
    Paris : OECD ; 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-3879 , 1814-7364 , 1814-7364
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Serie: OECD publishing
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Die OECD in Zahlen und Fakten
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    QG 010
    RVK:
    QM 230
    Schlagwort(e): OECD ; Statistische Grunddaten ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Umweltstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Bevölkerung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Skills beyond school : synthesis report (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264214675
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (113 S.)
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of vocational education and training
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Apprendre au-delà de l'école ; Rapport de synthèse
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Postsekundäre Berufsbildung; Synthesebericht
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Competencias más allá de la escuela ; Síntesis
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Skills beyond school
    Schlagwort(e): Berufsbildung ; Qualifikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Berufsausbildung ; Bildungspolitik
    Kurzfassung: Higher level vocational education and training (VET) programmes are facing rapid change and intensifying challenges. What type of training is needed to meet the needs of changing economies? How should the programmes be funded? How should they be linked to academic and university programmes? How can employers and unions be engaged? This report synthesises the findings of the series of country reports done on skills beyond school.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214682-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A skills beyond school review of South Africa (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264223752
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (130 S.)
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of vocational education and training
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Field, Simon A skills beyond school review of South Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Berufsbildung ; Qualifikation ; Südafrika ; Education ; Employment ; South Africa ; Südafrika ; Berufsbildung
    Kurzfassung: Vocational education and training (VET) programmes are facing rapid change and intensifying challenges. How can employers and unions be engaged? How can workbased learning be used? How can teachers and trainers be effectively prepared? How should postsecondary programmes be structured? This country report on South Africa looks at these and other questions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264223776-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Secondary education in Kazakhstan (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264205215
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 368 S.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Serie: Reviews of national policies for education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Secondary education in Kazakhstan
    Schlagwort(e): Weiterführende Schule ; Kasachstan ; Education ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Sekundarstufe ; Schulreform ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: This report evaluates the education reform agenda of Kazakhstan – its feasibility and focus – by taking stock of present-day strengths and weaknesses of the secondary education system. The report also provides guidance on adjusting the reform implementation plans in line with international experiences and best practices regarding educational change, and consolidates much of the previously dispersed (national) data on primary and secondary schools in Kazakhstan into a common analytical base of evidence, validated by the education authorities. Chapter 1 of this report provides an overview of the country, it education system and reform plans. Subsequent chapters provide analysis of and recommendations on equity and effectiveness of schooling; assessment and evaluation practices; policies for teachers and principals; expenditure patterns and financing mechanisms; vocational education and training; and a summary of the recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264205208-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Lessons from PISA for Korea (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264190665
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 199 S.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Serie: Strong performers and successful reformers in education
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Lessons from PISA for Korea (Korean version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lessons from PISA for Korea
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsforschung ; Vergleich ; Südkorea ; Welt ; Education ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Bildungsforschung ; PISA-Studie
    Kurzfassung: The story of Korean education over the past 50 years is one of remarkable growth and achievement. Korea is one of the top performing countries in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey and among those with the highest proportion of young people who have completed upper secondary and tertiary education. Korea is continuously exploring ways to improve its education system and has dramatically increased government investment in education over the last decade. Nevertheless, further reforms are needed to spur and sustain improvements. Rapid globalisation and modernisation are also posing new and demanding challenges to equip young people of today and tomorrow with skills relevant to the 21st century. The report Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for Korea aims at helping Korea to identify and address education policy challenges in an international perspective. To this end, it examines the Korean education system through the prism of PISA, considers recent policy developments and suggests specific policy options to foster improvements. The report also provides an in-depth analysis of the experience of other high-performing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264190672-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    TALIS 2013 results : an international perspective on teaching and learning; [teaching and learning international survey] (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264211339
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 437 S.
    Ausgabe: Rev. vers.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Serie: TALIS
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Résultats de TALIS 2013 ; Une perspective internationale sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als TALIS 2013 results
    DDC: 371.102
    Schlagwort(e): Lehrkräfte ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Schule ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrer ; Lernumwelt ; Unterricht ; Sekundarstufe ; Evaluation ; Fragebogen ; Vergleichende Bildungsforschung
    Kurzfassung: How can countries prepare teachers to face the diverse challenges in today’s schools? The OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) helps answer this question by asking teachers and school leaders about their working conditions and the learning environments at their schools. TALIS aims to provide valid, timely and comparable information to help countries review and define policies for developing a high-quality teaching profession. It is an opportunity for teachers and school leaders to provide input into educational policy analysis and development in key areas. This report presents the results of the second cycle of the TALIS survey conducted in 2013.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196261-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Equity, excellence and inclusiveness in education : policy lessons from around the world; [key topics from the 2014 international summit on the teaching profession] (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264211377
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 108 S.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Serie: International summit on the teaching profession
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Schleicher, Andreas, 1964 - Equity, excellence and inclusiveness in education
    Schlagwort(e): Lehrkräfte ; Bildungswesen ; Welt ; Education ; Konferenzschrift ; Schulpolitik ; Chancengleichheit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Kurzfassung: Excellence in education without equity risks leading to large economic and social disparities; equity in education at the expense of quality is a meaningless aspiration. The most advanced education systems now set ambitious goals for all students, focusing on both excellence and equity. They also equip their teachers with the pedagogic skills that have been proven effective and with enough autonomy so that teachers can use their own creativity in determining the content and instruction they provide to their individual students. The fourth International Summit on the Teaching Profession brought together education ministers, union leaders and other teacher leaders from high-performing and rapidly improving education systems, as measured by PISA (the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment ). Their aim was to discuss equity, excellence and inclusiveness in education by exploring three questions: • How are high-quality teachers developed, and how do schools with the greatest need attract and retain them? • How can equity be ensured in increasingly devolved education systems? and • What kinds of learning environments address the needs of all students? To underpin the discussions, this publication identifies some of the steps policy makers can take to build school systems that are both equitable and excellent. The analysis is complemented with examples that illustrate proven or promising practices in specific countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264214033-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education: Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264207691
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 202 S.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Großbritannien ; Nordirland ; Education ; Ireland ; Nordirland ; Schule ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: This book finds that, in many ways, Northern Ireland stands out internationally with its thoughtfully designed evaluation and assessment framework. The major components are well developed, in particular policies for student assessment, school evaluation and school system evaluation. It has been developed using the majority of key design principles recommended by the OECD. The approach to evaluation and assessment combines: central control over policy development and standard setting; transparency over procedures and reporting of results; an increasing responsibility for the implementation of evaluation and assessment among teachers and schools; and central mechanisms to monitor the effectiveness of implementation. For example, while schools and their Boards of Governors are accountable for their educational quality and are accountable to their communities, school development planning processes are also monitored as part of external school evaluation by a central inspectorate. Teachers play a central role in student assessment and their assessment of pupil progress against central standards is moderated by a central agency which engages working teachers in the process. Teachers in primary schools are offered central diagnostic tests to support their assessment of pupil progress. Only teacher appraisal remains entirely school based, but there is a set of common competence standards for teachers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264207707-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Critical maths for innovative societies : the role of metacognitive pedagogies (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264211384
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 194 S.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Serie: Educational research and innovation
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: How can mathematics education foster the skills that are appropriate for innovative societies? Mathematics education is heavily emphasised worldwide, nevertheless it is still considered to be a stumbling block for many students. While there is almost a consensus that mathematics problems appropriate for the 21st century should be complex, unfamiliar and non-routine (CUN), most of the textbooks still mainly include routine problems based on the application of ready-made algorithms. The time has come to introduce innovative instructional methods in order to enhance mathematics education and students’ ability to solve CUN tasks. Metacognitive pedagogies can play a key role in this. These pedagogies explicitly train students to “think about their thinking” during learning. They can be used to improve not just academic achievement (content knowledge and understanding, the ability to handle unfamiliar problems etc.) but also affective outcomes such as reduced anxiety or improved motivation. This strong relationship between metacognition and schooling outcomes has implications for the education community and policy makers. This book is designed to assist practitioners, curriculum developers and policy makers alike in preparing today’s students for tomorrow’s world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264223561-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 22
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    Online-Ressource
    Good governance and national well-being : what are the linkages? (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (56 S.)
    Serie: OECD working papers on public governance 25
    Schlagwort(e): 2005 - 2012 ; Good Governance ; Gesundheit ; Zufriedenheit ; Welt ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The paper was prepared by John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huang, Shawn Grover and Shun Wang in collaboration with Mario Marcel, Martin Forst and Tatyana Teplova. This paper has three main objectives. The first is to review existing studies of the links between good governance and subjective well-being. The second is to bring together the largest available sets of nationallevel measures of the quality of governance, and to assess the extent to which they contribute to explaining the levels and changes in life evaluations in 157 countries over the years 2005-2012, using data from the Gallup World Poll already analysed in some detail in the World Happiness Report 2013. The third objective is to use subjective well-being research to suggest ways in which governance can be changed so as to improve lives in all countries, as measured by peoples’ own evaluations. The paper starts with a summary of the evidence and policy implications. There follow the four main sections of the paper, a statistical appendix containing a broad range of data and results, and an extensive annotated bibliography of empirical literature linking good governance and subjective well-being.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxv9f651hvj-en
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  • 23
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    Online-Ressource
    Geographic imbalances in doctor supply and policy responses (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (65 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD health working papers 69
    Schlagwort(e): Ärzte ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Doctors are distributed unequally across different regions in virtually all OECD countries, and this causes concern about how to continue to ensure access to health services everywhere. In particular access to services in rural regions is the focus of attention of policymakers, although in some countries, poor urban and sub-urban regions pose a challenge as well. Despite numerous efforts this mal-distribution of physician supply persists. This working paper first examines the drivers of the location choice of physicians, and second, it examines policy responses in a number of OECD countries...
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz5sq5ls1wl-en
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  • 24
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    Social protection and climate change (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (28 S.)
    Serie: OECD development co-operation working papers 16
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Wetter ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Climate change has already resulted in climate-related extreme events of greater frequency and/or intensity. This, along with long-term changes in average conditions (whether in temperature or rainfall), is likely to continue to have a major impact on livelihoods. Developing countries will be especially affected by such events – and more specifically, the poor people in developing countries – because of their geographical exposure and their greater reliance on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture. Social protection offers a wide range of instruments (e.g. cash transfers, insurance products, pension schemes and employment guarantee schemes) that can be used to support households that are particularly vulnerable to both the ongoing and acute impacts of climate changes. Although the evidence base showing how these measures can help those affected prevent and cope with climate challenges is still limited, this paper aims to provide a condensed review of the current knowledge and evidence about the role of social protection in reducing the impact of climate change on the poorest populations and provides a series of recommendations for both social protection and climate change practitioners and for strengthening the evidence base.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2qc8wc1s5-en
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  • 25
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    Environmental policies and risk finance in the green sector : cross-country evidence (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/01
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): 2005 - 2010 ; Öko-Produkt ; Risikokapital ; Umweltpolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Start-up firms play a crucial role in bringing to the market the innovations needed to move to a greener growth path. Risk finance is essential for allowing new ventures to commercialise new ideas and grow, especially in emerging sectors. Still, very little is known about the drivers and the characteristics of risk finance in the green sector. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed description of risk finance in the green sector across 29 OECD and BRIICS countries over the period 2005-2010 and identifying the role that policies might have in shaping high-growth investments in this sector. Results are drawn from a comprehensive deal-level database of businesses seeking financing in the green industry combined with indicators of renewable policies and government R&D expenditures. The results suggest that both supply-side policies and environmental deployment policies, designed with a long-term perspective of creating a market for environmental technologies, are associated with higher levels of risk finance relative to more short-term fiscal policies, such as tax incentives and rebates. In addition, when focusing on renewable energy generation, the results confirm the positive association of generous feed-in tariffs (FITs) with risk-finance investment. However in the solar sector excessively generous FITs tend to discourage investment.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz6wn918j37-en
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  • 26
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    Online-Ressource
    Policy challenges for the next 50 years (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (67 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD economic policy papers 9
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Umweltbelastung ; Einwanderung ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Einkommensverteilung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Koordination ; Bildungschancen ; Hochschule ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Welt ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper identifies and analyses some key challenges that OECD and partner economies may face over the coming 50 years if underlying global trends relating to growth, trade, inequality and environmental pressures prevail. For example, global growth is likely to slow and become increasingly dependent on knowledge and technology, while the economic costs of environmental damages will mount. The rising economic importance of knowledge will tend to raise returns to skills, likely leading to further increases in earning inequalities within countries. While increases in pre-tax earnings do not automatically transform into rising income inequality, the ability of governments to cushion this impact may be limited, as rising trade integration and consequent rising mobility of tax bases combined with substantial fiscal pressures may hamper such efforts. The paper discusses to what extent national structural policies can address these and other interlinked challenges, but also points to the growing need for international coordination and cooperation to deal with these issues over the coming 50 years.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz18gs5fckf-en
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  • 27
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    The OECD Metropolitan Governance Survey : a quantitative description of governance structures in large urban agglomerations (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/04
    Schlagwort(e): Ballungsraum ; Kommunalverwaltung ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Even though metropolitan areas account for half of the population, and an even larger share of economic activity of OECD countries, almost no systematic information on governance structures in these areas exists. This study – based on a novel data set – gives an overview of governance arrangements in OECD metropolitan areas. It shows that organisations dedicated to metropolitan area governance are common, but often have little powers. Nevertheless, the existence of such organisations is related with better performance on a range of important outcome variables, such as public transport systems, environmental issues, and urban sprawl.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz43zldh08p-en
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  • 28
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    Online-Ressource
    What makes cities more productive? : evidence on the role of urban governance from five OECD countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/05
    Schlagwort(e): 1998-2011 ; Ballungsraum ; Agglomerationseffekt ; Produktivität ; Kommunalverwaltung ; Vergleich ; Deutschland ; Mexiko ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates agglomeration benefits based on city productivity differentials across five OECD countries (Germany, Mexico, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States). It highlights the relationship between cities’ governmental fragmentation and productivity, and represents the first empirical analysis of how metropolitan governance structures affect this relationship. The comparability of results in a multi-country setting is supported through the use of Functional Urban Areas – an internationally harmonised definition of cities based on economic linkages rather than administrative boundaries. In line with the previous literature, the analysis confirms that city productivity tends to increase with city size; doubling city size is found to be associated with an increase in productivity of between two and five percent. What is more, city productivity is positively associated with the population size of nearby cities. On the governance side, the paper finds that cities with fragmented governance structures tend to have lower levels of productivity. For a given population size, a metropolitan area with twice the number of municipalities is associated with around six percent lower productivity; an effect that is mitigated by almost half by the existence of a governance body at the metropolitan level.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz432cf2d8p-en
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  • 29
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    Approaches to protection of undisclosed information (trade secrets) : background paper (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (327 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 162
    Schlagwort(e): Geschäftsgeheimnis ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper takes stock of the available legal protection for trade secrets (undisclosed information) in a broad sample of countries. Drawing on national and international material, the paper develops and presents an indicator of the stringency of protection of trade secrets (the Trade Secrets Protection Index) and provides an assessment of variation in the available protection. The result is a finding that while the sample countries have some similarities, notably with respect to definition and scope of trade secrets, they have many more substantial dissimilarities with respect to implementation of protection for trade secrets. For example, differences are particularly pronounced in evidence gathering and discovery, protection of trade secrets during litigation, technology transfer requirements and the effectiveness of legal systems with respect to enforcement. This diversity is reflected in the wide range of scores in the Trade Secrets Protection Index. Such variation in the stringency of protection for trade secrets may influence firm-level decision-making and may have implications for some aspects of economic performance (in particular, in relation to innovation).
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz9z43w0jnw-en
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  • 30
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    Online-Ressource
    Access network speed tests (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 237
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationsnetz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines the approaches being taken to measure broadband performance by reviewing information on official speed tests to date as well as their strengths and drawbacks in methodologies, emerging good practices and the challenges in undertaking a harmonised approach across OECD countries. Measurement projects for Internet connection performance face greater potential hurdles than for traditional telecommunication networks, while at the same time, new opportunities are emerging in terms of “crowd-sourced” data collected through applications installed by users. The report provides classification of those measurement approaches with suggestions on how they can be selected and implemented depending on different policy goals.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2m5mr66f5-en
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  • 31
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    Skills at work : how skills and their use matter in the labour market (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (62 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 158
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Fachkräfte ; Bildungsabschluss ; Qualifikation ; Anforderungsprofil ; Lohnstruktur ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Human capital is key for economic growth. Not only is it linked to aggregate economic performance but also to each individual’s labour market outcomes. However, a skilled population is not enough to achieve high and inclusive growth, as skills need to be put into productive use at work. Thanks to the availability of measures of both the proficiency and the use of numerous types of skills, the Survey of Adult Skills offers a unique opportunity to advance knowledge in this area and this paper presents and discusses evidence on both these dimensions with a particular focus on their implications for labour market policy. This paper explores the role played in the labour market by skill proficiency in the areas of literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments. It also shows how skills use, not only proficiency, affects a number of key labour market phenomena, such as the gender wage gap. Finally, the paper combines information on skill proficiency, educational attainment, skill use and qualification requirements to construct indicators of qualification and skills mismatch and to explore their causes and consequences.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz44fdfjm7j-en
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  • 32
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    Changes in family policies and outcomes : is there convergence? (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (90 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 157
    Schlagwort(e): Familienpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents new information on trends in family and child outcomes and policies over the past decades, in order to assess whether there has been any convergence over time across OECD and EU countries. Important drivers of population structure such as life expectancy and fertility rates are becoming more similar across countries as are marriage and divorce rates. Increased educational attainment has contributed to greater female employment participation and convergence therein across countries. Child well-being outcomes show a more mixed pattern with improvements and convergence in infant mortality, but varying trends in child poverty across countries.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz13wllxgzt-en
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  • 33
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    The role of national ecosystem assessments in influencing policy making (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (52 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 60
    Schlagwort(e): Naturschutz ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Erneuerbare Ressourcen ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltökonomik ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: An ecosystem assessment is a social process through which the findings of science concerning the causes of ecosystem change, their consequences for human well-bring, and the management and policy options are evaluated. Ecosystem assessments can play an important role in synthesising and communicating complex information and can both inform and influence decision-making processes. This paper draws insights from experience with National Ecosystem Assessments (NEAs) recently undertaken in the UK, Japan, Spain, and Portugal, as well as other ecosystem assessments undertaken at regional and international geographical scales, and highlights lessons learned so that the impact of NEAs on policy can be enhanced. The paper concludes by identifying key issues needed to develop practical guidance for successful ecosystem assessments.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvl3zsbhkk-en
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  • 34
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    Inducing private finance for renewable energy projects : evidence from micro-data (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 67
    Schlagwort(e): 2000 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Investitionspolitik ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Private Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the effects of government policies on flows of private finance for investment in renewable energy (inducement effect). It also examines whether direct provision of public finance for a project increases the volume of private finance raised (“crowding in” effect). A unique dataset of financial transactions for renewable energy projects with worldwide coverage is constructed using the Bloomberg New Energy Finance database. The analysis covers 87 countries, six renewable energy sectors (wind, solar, biomass, small hydropower, marine and geothermal) and the 2000-2011 time-span. Main findings are that, in contrast to quota-based schemes, price-based support schemes are positively correlated with investors’ ability to raise private finance. The paper suggests that, rather than the type of instrument (price vs. quota), it is the specific design of such schemes that is key to providing a predictable signal and an effective incentive to attract private investors. It is also found that public finance supports precisely those projects that have had difficulty raising private finance (co-financed projects), where neither quota-based measures nor price-based support schemes have a significant effect on private finance flows. This raises the concern that in the absence of well-designed policies which incentivise private finance investment, governments wishing to secure project completion have no other choice than to support projects directly through the use of public finance.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvg0k6thr1-en
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  • 35
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    Comparing hospital and health prices and volumes internationally : results of a EUROSTAT/OECD project (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (62 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD health working papers 75
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Health services account for a large and increasing share of production and expenditure in OECD and Eurostat countries but there are also noticeable differences between countries in expenditure per capita. Whether such differences are due to more services being consumed or whether they reflect differences in the price of services is a question of significant policy relevance. Yet, cross-country comparisons of health services have typically not disentangled these effects. This paper presents the results of a joint effort between OECD and Eurostat in developing price comparisons for health goods and services. The main novel feature is the collection of comparable and output-based prices for hospital services that can then be applied to matching national accounts expenditure data so as to derive consistent price and volume comparisons of health products. The data is novel in that it reflects “quasi prices” (negotiated or administrative prices or tariffs) of the output of hospital services, instead of prices of inputs such as wages of medical personnel. The new methodology moves away from the traditional input perspective, thereby relaxing the assumption that hospital productivity is the same across countries...
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxznwrj32mp-en
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  • 36
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    Health, austerity and economic crisis : assessing the short-term impact in OECD countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (54 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD health working papers 76
    Schlagwort(e): 2008 ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Konjunkturstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The economic crisis that started in 2008 has had a profound impact on the lives of citizens. Millions of people lost their job, saw their life-savings disappear and experienced prolonged financial hardship. The economic crisis has also led a number of OECD governments to introduce austerity measures to reduce public deficits. The health sector, like many other social welfare programmes, has witnessed extensive spending cuts and has also been the subject of substantial reforms. The combined effects of economic crisis, austerity and reforms have led many OECD health systems into unchartered territory. This paper looks at the impact of economic crisis on health and health care. It summarises findings from the published literature on the effects of economic crisis that took place over the past few decades and also describes recent health policy reforms, focusing on those countries where the economic crisis has hit hardest. Finally, this paper analyses the empirical relationship between unemployment and health care use, quality and health outcomes, using data from OECD Health Statistics. In doing so, it investigates whether the effects of unemployment on health outcomes have been extenuated by austerity measures...
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxx71lt1zg6-en
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  • 37
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    Mental Health Analysis Profiles (MhAPs) : Scotland (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (69 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD health working papers 74
    Schlagwort(e): Psychische Krankheit ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Schottland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United Kingdom ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: As part of a wider project on mental health in OECD countries, a series of descriptive profiles have been prepared, intended to provide descriptive, easily comprehensible, highly informative accounts of the mental health systems of OECD countries. These profiles, entitled ‘Mental Health Analysis Profiles’ (MHAPs), will be able to inform discussion and reflection and provide an introduction to and a synthesised account of mental health in a given country. Each MHAP follows the same template, and whilst the MHAPs are stand-alone profiles, loose cross-country comparison using the MHAPs is possible and encouraged. Mental health is a priority area within the Scottish health care agenda. In the Scottish mental health system significant focus is given to recovery, service user involvement, anti-stigma initiatives, and suicide reduction strategies. Amongst the peculiarities, and strengths, of the Scottish mental health system are its focus on data collection, monitoring and evaluation, with a strong focus on improvement and delivery, as data collection and mental health indicators are turned into a management tool for policy makers. However, better indicators could be developed to monitor specialist mental health services delivered in the community.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz158xmxkwj-en
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  • 38
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    Investment treaty law, sustainable development and responsible business conduct : a fact finding survey (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (76 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD working papers on international investment 2014/01
    Serie: OECD working papers on international investment
    Schlagwort(e): bribery ; investor state arbitration ; investment treaties ; environmental law ; labour law ; ISDS ; corruption ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Investment treaty law – which is scattered over 3 000 international investment agreements adopted over a period of 50 years – is a crucial but complex basis for regulating international investment flows. Investment treaties are often thought to be silent on investors’ responsibilities to host societies and on their contributions to sustainable development. The present paper establishes a factual and statistical basis for understanding the relationship between investment treaty law and governments’ ability to advance the sustainable development agenda and promote responsible business conduct. The paper presents survey results of 2 107 investment treaties and 1 113 treaty-based arbitration cases in order to shed light on how (if at all) labour, environmental, human rights and anti-corruption considerations are referred to in investment treaties and investor-state arbitration cases based on them.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0xvgx1zlt-en
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  • 39
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    Metropolitan governance of transport and land use in Chicago (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/08
    Schlagwort(e): Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Stadtverkehr ; Kommunale Infrastruktur ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Ballungsraum ; Kommunalverwaltung ; Chicago (Ill.) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United States ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study aims to assess the degree of institutional fragmentation of transport and land use planning in Chicago and to assess the main challenges related to this institutional fragmentation. It provides an overview of local governments in metropolitan Chicago and mechanisms for metropolitan coordination, including organisations at the metropolitan scale, dealing with planning, land use and transport. Five main challenges related to institutional fragmentation in transport and land use planning are identified: a lack of (1) interconnectivity, (2) coherence across transit modes, (3) regional freight planning, (4) accountability and (5) implementation power of regional planning and transport objectives. These challenges are analysed. The concluding section suggests some avenues for reform that could be explored in order to overcome the challenges of metropolitan fragmentation in transport and land use in Chicago.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzjs6lp65k-en
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  • 40
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    Measuring income inequality and poverty at the regional level in OECD countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (61 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD statistics working papers 2014/03
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Armut ; Messung ; Regionalwissenschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The extent to which income inequality and poverty vary within countries across different regions is very relevant for policy decisions and monitoring. However, sub-national measures are scarce, given the complexity of producing indicators at the regional level from the available data and the methodological issues related to cross-countries comparability. This paper presents a set of indicators of income inequality and poverty across and within regions for 28 OECD countries. These indicators were produced through a new household-level data collection based on internationally harmonized income definitions undertaken as part of the OECD project on “Measuring regional and local well-being for policymaking”. The data were collected at the OECD TL2 territorial level, corresponding to NUTS2 regions in Europe and to large administrative subdivisions (e.g. States in Mexico and Unites States) for non-European countries. These estimates confirm that there are significant variations in levels of income inequality within countries, and that regional breakdowns are useful for understanding sources and patterns of income disparities and poverty. For most of the countries relying on survey data for measuring income distribution, standard cross-sectional indicators of income inequality and relative poverty at this regional level are estimated with low precision in the smallest regions due to small samples. This has two main implications for data producers and analysts. First, systematic reporting of confidence intervals is needed to make meaningful comparisons of inequality levels across regions and with respect to the national averages. Second, averaged measures for multiple years or small area estimation methods should be considered as means for obtaining more robust measures. The issues related to the estimation of standard errors for three-year averages in rotational panel surveys and to the definition of the computational sampling structure for sub-national estimates are discussed in the paper.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzf5khtg9t-en
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  • 41
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    A calculated risk : how donors should engage with risk financing and transfer mechanisms (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (33, III, III S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD development co-operation working papers 17
    Schlagwort(e): Humanitäre Hilfe ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Better financial preparedness against risk is a central part of a comprehensive approach to disaster management. Risk financing and risk transfer are approaches to planning for risks that cannot be reduced or avoided practically or cost-effectively and may include a strategy and practical measures to ensure the availability of funds for post-disaster relief and reconstruction, commensurate with the scale and frequency of anticipated risks. Risk financing is of growing interest to a wide range of development and humanitarian actors searching for solutions to bridge a growing global post-disaster financing gap. This report describes key features of risk financing and risk transfer, examines some of the current challenges at the contextual and programmatic levels as well as institutional challenges donors might face in engaging in risk financing and recommends a set of principles and policy approaches to guide future donor support and engagement.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz122cn65s6-en
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  • 42
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    Developments in regional trade agreements and the environment : 2013 update (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (27 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade and environment working papers 2014/01
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Trade ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an update on recent developments in the field of Regional Trade Agreements and the environment. Issues arising in the implementation of RTAs with environmental considerations are examined as well as experience in assessing their environmental impacts. This is the seventh update prepared under the aegis of the Joint Working Party on Trade and Environment (JWPTE) since the series began with the 2007 publication Environment and Regional Trade Agreements. The document covers developments from late 2012 to October 2013. It is based on publicly available information.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0v4qcg9zw-en
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  • 43
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    Corporate governance enforcement in the Middle East and North Africa : evidence and priorities (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD corporate governance working papers 15
    Schlagwort(e): Aktionärsrechte ; Board of Directors ; Gerichtsbarkeit ; Minderheitsaktionäre ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Corporate Governance ; Finanzmarktaufsicht ; Börse ; Aktienrecht ; Gesellschaftsrecht ; MENA-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Corporate governance frameworks in the Middle East and North Africa region have undergone a substantial evolution in the past decade. Better enforcement of corporate governance rules and regulations has in the past three years emerged as both a policy challenge and a priority for the region. This emphasis on better enforcement reflects a number of trends including political changes in some countries of the region, the global call for better surveillance of the adoption of governance rules as well as low investor engagement in the region. This paper examines key developments in public and private corporate governance enforcement in the region. It highlights the growing level of public enforcement as expertise within the securities regulators is growing. The paper provides policy recommendations on specific aspects of governance frameworks such as the treatment of related party transactions and board member responsibilities which - if better regulated - could result in more effective governance enforcement in the region.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxws6scxg7c-en
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  • 44
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : computer and related services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (23 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 169
    Schlagwort(e): IT-Management ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for computer services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for computer services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.08 and 0.34, with a sample average of 0.18. Explicit barriers to trade in computer services are rare, but the sector is subject to a number of economy-wide restrictions facing all sectors. Among these, restrictions on movement of people (mode 4 in GATS terminology) make the largest contribution to the index value, followed by regulatory transparency issues. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4np1pjzt-en
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  • 45
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : distribution services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (27 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 173
    Schlagwort(e): Vertrieb ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for distribution services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for distribution services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.02 and 0.40, with a sample average of 0.13. It is observed that the regulatory profile differs across countries. Restrictions on foreign ownership and other market entry conditions significantly contribute to the results for almost half of the countries covered by the STRI. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4njvtfbx-en
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  • 46
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : transport and courier services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (98 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 176
    Schlagwort(e): Logistikdienstleister ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for transport and courier services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for transport and courier services and captures de jure regulations in force in 2013. The STRI supports the view that these services are subject to very different regulatory frameworks and, in some cases, to a relatively elevated degree of regulation. Indices for air transport covering measures affecting commercial establishment and accompanying movement of natural persons are on average quite high (0.43), with little variation across countries. A preliminary assessment of restrictiveness in cross-border trade in the sector shows that, while some progress in easing restrictions has been achieved through open skies agreements, significant limitations remain in place. The maritime transport sector is moderately open with an average STRI of 0.25. Foreign equity restrictions are still quite common in the sector and contribute significantly to the index. Most other sector-specific restrictions are found in the cabotage market and in ports. In road freight transport, the results confirm that the domestic road freight transport regime has been significantly liberalised over the years, and currently commercial establishment in the sector is largely affected by horizontal measures. The overall level of restrictiveness is relatively low with an average of 0.16, but exhibits pretty large variation. With respect to rail freight, the STRI also supports the view that considerable reforms have been undertaken in the sector in the past decades. The average level of restrictiveness is moderate at 0.22, although two countries maintain a statutory state-owned monopoly, which implies that the sector is completely closed to foreign suppliers. Finally, for courier services the results show that the overall level of restrictiveness is moderate with a sample average of 0.26. There is, however, large variation in STRI indices among countries. The elevated levels of restrictiveness are found in countries where foreign equity restrictions or statutory monopolies exist.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nd187r6-en
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  • 47
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : legal and accounting services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 171
    Schlagwort(e): Rechnungswesen ; Rechtsberatung ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for the regulated professions of legal and accounting services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for legal and accounting services and captures de jure regulations in force in 2013. The STRI supports the view that legal and accounting services are subject to a relatively high level of regulation. Restrictiveness for legal services ranges from 0.11 to 0.73, with an average of 0.31. Accounting and auditing services show an average of 0.3 and STRI values ranging from 0.13 to 1. The results provide useful policy insights, particularly in order to identify priorities for reform at the national and international levels. Notably, in the case of legal and accounting services, easing a few prominent restrictions could result in a significantly more liberal and competitive market environment.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nkg9g24-en
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  • 48
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : financial services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 175
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for financial services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for commercial banking and insurance services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores in commercial banking range between 0.06 and 0.55, with a sample average of 0.19. The scores in insurance services range between 0.05 and 0.63, with a sample average of 0.20. The results are mainly driven by restrictions on market entry, where significant impediments remain in the form of foreign equity limits, restrictions on legal form, discriminatory licensing criteria and restrictions on cross-border transactions. Barriers to competition, including regulation of products and prices and preferential treatment granted to state-owned financial institutions, also make a substantive contribution to the index values. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nhssd30-en
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  • 49
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    Mental health and work : achieving well-integrated policies and service delivery (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (39 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 161
    Schlagwort(e): Psychische Krankheit ; Gesundheit ; Arbeitsleistung ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Mental ill-health can lead to poor work performance, high sickness absence and reduced labour market participation, resulting in considerable costs for society. Improving labour market participation of people with mental health problems requires well-integrated policies and services across the education, employment, health and social sectors. This paper provides examples of policy initiatives from 10 OECD countries for integrated services. Outcomes and strengths and weaknesses of the policy initiatives are presented, resulting in the following main conclusions for future integrated mental health and work policies and services: More rigorous implementation and evaluation of integrated policies is necessary to improve labour market outcomes. Implementation cannot be left to the discretion of stakeholders only; Better financial incentives and clearer obligations and guidelines need to be provided to stakeholders and professionals to participate in integrated service delivery; Each sector has a responsibility to assure integrated services in line with client needs, in turn requiring much better knowledge about the needs of clients with a mental illness; More integrated provision of services within each sector – e.g. through employment advice brought into the mental health system and psychological expertise brought into employment services – appears to be the easiest and most cost-effective approach.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxsvvn6pq6g-en
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  • 50
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    The economics of transition to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (57 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 244
    Schlagwort(e): Internet ; Informationsökonomik ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report makes the case that IPv6 represents an example of a platform; within the context of IPv6, the sides of the platform are Internet service providers, backbone providers, device manufacturers, content providers, and so forth. The net benefits to adopting the new platform are not distributed equally across sides. For some participants, such as backbone and transit providers and manufacturers of devices such as routers, the transition to IPv6 has been relatively swift. For these participants the benefits of adoption were clear, and adoption demonstrated the technical ability of the company and fitness of its network. For others, such as many content providers for the Web, enterprises contemplating deployment of IPv6 within internal firm networks, and providers of consumer electronics equipment such as DVD or Blu-Ray players or televisions, the transition has been slower. For them the benefits have not been as clear, and many legacy devices, networks, customers and suppliers have not transitioned.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt46d07bhc-en
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  • 51
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    Uncovering trade secrets : an empirical assessment of economic implications of protection for undisclosed data (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (161 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 167
    Schlagwort(e): Geschäftsgeheimnis ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Indexberechnung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper takes stock of the protection of trade secrets for a sample of 37 countries, provides historical data for the period since 1985, and considers the relationship of the stringency of the protection of trade secrets to relevant economic performance indicators. The paper finds that there has been a notable increase in the stringency of trade secrets protection in a broad sample of countries during the period from 1985 to 2010. The paper also finds a positive association between the stringency of trade secrets protection and key indicators of innovation and international economic flows. Further details of the methodology and additional country data can be found in the background paper provided in phase I of the OECD trade secrets project [OECD Trade Policy Paper No. 162].
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzl5w3j3s6-en
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  • 52
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    State-owned enterprise governance : a stocktaking of reforms and challenges in Southern Africa (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD corporate governance working papers 13
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Organisatorischer Wandel ; Übernahme ; Corporate Governance ; Kapitalmarkttheorie ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; SADC-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; South Africa ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report is the first known stocktaking of its kind to provide a regional overview of state-owned enterprise (SOE) governance reforms and challenges across the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Part One summarises the challenges and governance practices related to state-ownership across SADC economies; it draws conclusions on how to address common regional priorities. Part Two of the report is organised around country profiles providing a fact-based assessment of SOE reform policies and practices in 14 economies. The report was prepared at the request of the Southern Africa Network on Governance of State-Owned Enterprises – a regional cooperation initiative aimed at improving the corporate governance of SOEs, and mainly covering the member economies of the SADC region. The stocktaking was prepared based on information self-reported by authorities in participating economies and supplemented by desk research.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jzb5zntk5r8-en
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  • 53
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    Enabling environment for agricultural growth and competitiveness : evaluation, indicators and indices (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (76 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries working papers 67
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.67
    Schlagwort(e): Agrarpolitik ; Landwirtschaft ; Produktivität ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Indexberechnung ; Klassifikation ; Agrarökonomik ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The key contribution of this report lies in developing a typology to structure the components of the enabling environment for agricultural growth and competitiveness, and in constructing an illustrative Agricultural Growth Enabling Index (AGEI) to summarise a wide array of available information in a coherent manner. The construction of the preliminary AGEI is based on four blocks with 40% of the weight on agriculture/rural factors and 20% each on broader economy-wide governance, capital availability and market operation. The AGEI can be used to provide across-country comparisons or single-country evaluations using the index itself or its components. It allows the decomposition within each main block to show the relative strength and weaknesses of each country across various sub-indices. It has been applied here to a selected set of twenty emerging and developing countries. The preliminary results demonstrate that the AGEI brings together information relevant to the enabling environment for agricultural growth and competitiveness, and which is largely consistent with more in-depth studies of the selected countries. While constrained in some respects, the AGEI appears to be the first index completed with this objective. Further expansion and refinement of the included set of indicators to better reflect key determinants of agriculture’s enabling environment would help provide an important input into better policy decisions.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz48305h4vd-en
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  • 54
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    Global trade and specialisation patterns over the next 50 years (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (44 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD economic policy papers 10
    Schlagwort(e): Vorleistungen ; Zoll ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; International ; Economics ; Trade ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents descriptive evidence of specialisation trends and investigates empirically their causes and consequences, analysing the role of policies in this process. Then, based on the insights from the backward looking analysis, it draws global trade and specialisation scenarios up to 2060, taking into account international spillovers. The report highlights that comparative advantage in terms of factor endowments matters for trade specialisation, although framework and trade policies also play a role. For instance, tariffs on intermediate inputs are found to adversely affect trade with this adverse effect found to have increased over time, likely reflecting expanding global supply chains magnifying the impact of tariffs. The forward-looking analysis suggests that over the next 50 years, the geographical centre of trade will continue to shift from OECD to non-OECD regions, reflecting faster growth in these countries. Multilateral global trade liberalisation could raise world trade by 15% by 2060 relative to the status quo, whereas regional liberalisation among a core group of OECD countries only would raise world trade by 4% due to trade diversion.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz18gpwfxq4-en
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  • 55
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    Growth policies and macroeconomic stability (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (30 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD economic policy papers 8
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Konjunktur ; Volatilität ; Schock ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Policy reforms aimed at boosting long-run growth often have side effects – positive or negative – on an economy’s vulnerability to shocks and their propagation. Macroeconomic shocks as severe and protracted as those since 2007 warrant a reconsideration of the role growth-promoting policies play in shaping the vulnerability and resilience of an economy to macroeconomic shocks. Against this background, this paper looks at a vast array of policy recommendations by the OECD that promote longterm growth – contained in Going for Growth and the Economic Outlook – and attempts to establish whether they underpin macroeconomic stability or whether there is a trade-off.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz8t849335d-en
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  • 56
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    Personal tax treatment of company cars and commuting expenses : estimating the fiscal and environmental costs (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (70 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD taxation working papers 20
    Schlagwort(e): 2012 ; Fahrzeugflotte ; Pendelverkehr ; Geldwerter Vorteil ; Einkommensteuer ; Umweltbelastung ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Taxation ; Transport ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Company cars form a large proportion of the car fleet in many OECD countries and are also influential in determining the composition of the wider vehicle fleet. When employees provided with a company car use that car for personal purposes, personal income tax rules value the benefit in a number of different ways. How accurate these rules are in valuing the benefit has important implications for tax revenue, the environment and other social impacts such as congestion. This paper outlines the tax treatment of company cars and commuting expenses in 27 OECD countries and one partner country. It compares these tax settings with a stylised “benchmark” tax treatment that estimates the full value of the benefit received by employees with company vehicles. The paper demonstrates that the estimated tax expenditures associated with company car taxation in these countries in 2012 can be quite considerable. Significantly, from an environmental perspective, in most countries employees faced no additional increase in tax payable in response to an increase in the assumption of distance driven.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz14cg1s7vl-en
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  • 57
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    A sub-national perspective on financing investment for Growth I : measuring fiscal space for public investment ; influences, evolution and perspectives (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/02
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Teilstaat ; Öffentliche Investition ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Institutionenökonomik ; Finanzbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Sub-national governments are key players for public investment, as they are responsible on average for 62% of total public investment in OECD countries. This article analyses the different factors affecting sub-national governments’ fiscal space for public investment. It proposes an indicator for measuring this fiscal space and analyses the evolution of its different components over 2007-2012. The article shows that the global financial crisis and the ensuring consolidation drive have reduced sub-national governments’ fiscal space for public investment, through a downward pressure on revenues, increased expenditure obligations, and constrained capacity to borrow or issue debt on financial markets.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz5j1qk8fhg-en
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  • 58
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    A sub-national perspective on financing investment for Growth II : creating fiscal space for public investment ; the role of institutions (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/06
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Teilstaat ; Öffentliche Investition ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Institutionenökonomik ; Finanzbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Sub-national governments (SNGs) are key players for public investment in OECD countries, responsible for nearly two-thirds of it. At the same time, both the well-being of the population and economic performance depend on an adequate provision of public services, which require public facilities and thus public investment. Ensuring that sub-national governments command the resources for necessary public investment is hence important. While in the immediate, the fiscal space of a SNG for public investment is basically determined by its current fiscal capacities, in a longer-term perspective the evolution of fiscal space comes to depend increasingly on the institutional context. This includes the national framework of fiscal relations across levels of government, the nature and characteristics of SNGs’ revenue sources and spending responsibilities, SNGs resilience to crises, and their structural ability to borrow. This paper explores the institutional ability of SNGs to influence their fiscal space for public investment. In this context, it also analyses the main challenges to be faced by SNG finances in the decades to come, as well as recent reforms implemented by SNGs to tackle these specific issues.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz3zvxc53bt-en
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  • 59
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    Online-Ressource
    International cables, gateways, backhaul and international exchange points (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 232
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationsnetz ; Organisationsstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report focuses on the development of backhaul and cross-border networks, which enable local networks to connect to the wider Internet. These local networks may cover a city, a region or even a country. To connect their networks to other networks around the world, operators need access to regional and international high-speed networks. The level of investment required in these networks varies and can be very different from region to region. In some parts of the world, the investment made around the turn of the century was characterised by a “boom and bust”, which fuelled an expansion in backhaul links and data centres. Since that time, investment has taken place at a more measured pace, reflecting growing demand from liberalised markets and leading to further expansion in areas such as mobile and broadband Internet access.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz8m9jf3wkl-en
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  • 60
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    The internet in transition : the state of the transition to IPv6 in today's internet and measures to support the continued use of IPv4 (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 234
    Schlagwort(e): Breitbandkommunikation ; Internet ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report considers the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 alongside the use of network technologies to prolong IPv4 use in the face of depletion of further IPv4 protocol addresses, but it does not aim to address all issues surrounding the transition to IPv6 or to detail the economic incentives faced by various Internet actors. It first provides a status update of address management issues and the run-out of IPv4. It then describes the advantages and limitations of increased use of network address translation as one response to sustain the use of IPv4 in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. It provides an overview of the IPv6 protocol; the advantages of IPv6 deployment as a response to IPv4 address exhaustion and the IPv6 transition plan compared to actual deployment to date. Finally, the report examines the choices facing individual actors, their potential consequences, and the policy implications on openness and innovation for the future of the Internet.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz5sq5d7cq2-en
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  • 61
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    Consumer policy guidance on mobile and online payments (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (23 S.)
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 236
    Schlagwort(e): Elektronisches Geld ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Committee on Consumer Policy has issued this policy guidance to boost consumer protection when using mobile and on-line payment systems and to identify ways in which policy makers and businesses can work together to strengthen consumer protection while spurring innovation in the marketplace. The guidance addresses a number of key issues in the emerging mobile and online payment area, including the need to establish minimum levels of consumer protection across payment mechanisms, enhanced privacy and child protection, and standards for transparent and accessible information disclosures
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz432cl1ns7-en
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  • 62
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    An evaluation of international surveys of children (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (104 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 146
    Schlagwort(e): Kinder ; Sozialer Indikator ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report evaluates sources of international child well-being data to assess their suitability for supplementing national and transnational data sources to inform policy. The review of the leading surveys of children (and surveys of households with children) summarises the information available from these sources and, as importantly, identifies the gaps in measuring child well-being outcomes not covered by data from these sources. The report then undertakes an in-depth evaluation of possible systematic bias in the underlying survey population to provide confidence in the reliability of outcomes measured from these international surveys. Based on the overall evaluation, the report concludes with recommendations for the use and improvement of international surveys for monitoring child well-being.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzmjrqvntf-en
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  • 63
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    Trends in top incomes and their taxation in OECD countries (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 159
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Einkommensteuer ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The shares of top income recipients in total pre-tax income have increased in OECD countries in the past three decades, particularly in most of the English-speaking countries but also in some Nordic (from low levels) and Southern European countries. Today, the richest one percent receives between 7% of all pre-tax income in Denmark and the Netherlands up to almost 20% in the United States. This increase is the result of the top 1% capturing a disproportionate share of overall income growth over the past thirty years: around 20 – 25% in Australia and the United Kingdom, up to 37% in Canada and even 47% in the United States. At the same time, tax reforms in almost all OECD countries reduced top personal income tax rates as well as rates of other taxes affecting the highest income earners. Indeed, while top tax rates were equal to or above 70% in half of the countries in the mid-1970s, this rate has been halved in many countries by 2013.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz43jhlz87f-en
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  • 64
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    Integrated assessment of climate change impacts : conceptual frameworks, modelling approaches and research models (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (55 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 66
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents a framework to include feedbacks from climate impacts on the economy in integrated assessment models. The proposed framework uses a production function approach, which links climate impacts to key variables and parameters used in the specification of economic activity. The key endpoints within climate impact categories are linked to the relevant connections for a range of sectors in the economy. The paper pays particular attention to the challenges of distinguishing between damages and the costs of adapting to climate change. The paper also reviews existing studies and available data that can be used to establish linkages between climate impacts and key variables within economic models. There is considerable heterogeneity across the timing and geographic distribution of changes in climatic variables, the consequent changes in key physical and biogeochemical “endpoints” that might occur over time and space, and the magnitude of the resulting damages that these effects are likely to impose on the range of sectors in the economy. The review underlines the uncertainty involved in each of these dimensions and the research needs for the future.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2qcjsrvzx-en
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  • 65
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    Environmental and related social costs of the tax treatment of company cars and commuting expenses (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (50 S.)
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 70
    Schlagwort(e): Pendelverkehr ; Fahrzeugflotte ; Steuervergünstigung ; Steuerwirkung ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Taxation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper builds upon a recent OECD paper on the personal tax treatment of company cars and commuting expenses in OECD member-countries and aims to arrive at a better understanding of the environmental and related social costs of the tax treatment described therein. The paper begins with an analysis of the larger transport market, which is the primary storehouse of evidence on the nature and extent of the environmental impacts of the various transport modes, the relative importance of the proximate and underlying determinants of these impacts, and the elasticities and functional relationships at work. Non-linearities in the relevant elasticities and functional relationships mean that the tax treatment of company cars may have a greater or lesser impact than is suggested by the size of the company car market. And distortions in relative prices between competing modes in the larger transport market mean that subsidies can have very different impacts depending on the mode in question. The further analysis of the interaction of the current tax treatment of company cars and commuting expenses with the transport market yields several findings. The current under-taxation of company cars is likely to result in a disproportionately large increase in total distance driven, composed of both an increase in the number of cars in use and an increase in distance driven per car. In turn, this is likely to result in disproportionately large impacts on most relevant environmental and related social costs. And a favourable tax treatment of commuting expenses generally, and of employer-paid parking in particular, is likely to impact on the choice of transport mode in favour of the car relative to public transport and non-motorised modes. In turn, this is likely to impact on most relevant environmental and related social costs. An Annex to this paper provides, for the OECD group of countries as a whole, some indicative estimates of the main relevant impacts of the under-taxation of company cars as well as an indicative estimate of its overall social cost. The largest quantified cost elements are additional congestion costs; additional local air pollution costs; and additional traffic accident costs. The overall social cost attributable to the current under-taxation of company cars is estimated at circa EUR 116 billion per year.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxwrr5163zp-en
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  • 66
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    Does regional economic growth depend on proximity to urban centres? (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (23 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/07
    Schlagwort(e): 1995 - 2010 ; Bevölkerungsdichte ; Regionale Wirtschaftsstruktur ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Europa ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the spatial patterns of regional economic growth in Europe over the 1995 to 2010 period. It finds that regions, which contain large urban agglomerations, have been growing significantly faster than those that do not. Furthermore, proximity to large urban agglomerations has been positively correlated to economic growth. Halving travel time to a large urban agglomeration is associated with a 0.2 to 0.4 percentage points increase in annual per capita growth. More generally, the study also shows that measures of population density are positively correlated to growth. Among the different measures, by far the best predictor of growth between 1995 and 2010 is the maximum population density of a region.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0t7fxh7wc-en
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  • 67
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    Mental Health Analysis Profiles (MhAPs) : Finland (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (74 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD health working papers 72
    Schlagwort(e): Psychische Krankheit ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Finnland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: As part of a wider project on mental health in OECD countries, a series of descriptive profiles have been prepared, intended to provide descriptive, easily comprehensible, highly informative accounts of the mental health systems of OECD countries. These profiles, entitled ‘Mental Health Analysis Profiles’ (MHAPs), will be able to inform discussion and reflection and provide an introduction to and a synthesised account of mental health in a given country. Each MHAP follows the same template, and whilst the MHAPs are stand-alone profiles, loose cross-country comparison using the MHAPs is possible and encouraged. Mental health disorders comprise one of the highest burdens of disease in Finland. The share of disability pensions granted due to mental disorders is high and while the rates of suicide have decreased in recent years, they are still above the OECD average. Consequently, tackling mental ill health is a government priority for Finland. The mental health system has undergone a number of reforms in recent years, and several innovative initiatives have been introduced. Whilst a number of challenges remain, the evolution of the mental health system has been promising, and holds lessons for other OECD countries.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz1591p91vg-en
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  • 68
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    Exploring policy complementarities in transition economies : the case of Kazakhstan (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (41 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/09
    Schlagwort(e): 1989 - 2012 ; Systemtransformation ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Politische Reform ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Panel ; Transformationsstaaten ; Kasachstan ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Kazakhstan ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Policy complementarities have often been overlooked in transition economies, leading to the exclusion or partial adoption of reforms. This paper examines the key determinants of successful transition strategies, and concludes that an approach exploiting complementary relationships and interactions between policies is most likely to result in a welfare improvement. Based on nine policy areas from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Transition Indicators database, composite indicators measuring reform implementation and complementarity are constructed. Panel data estimates for 30 countries over the period 1989 to 2012 demonstrate a positive association between improvements in reform complementarity and economic growth. Moreover, the effects are found to persist over time for up to two years after the initial policy change, and are robust to the inclusion of a wide range of control variables. Applying these findings to the case of Kazakhstan illustrates that comprehensive reforms to a targeted group of complementary policies generate sustained increases in output growth, whereas a partial reform strategy results in a loss of welfare.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxwvzcrtnbn-en
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  • 69
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    Online-Ressource
    On the effectiveness of exchange rate interventions in emerging markets (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (31 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 324
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.324
    Schlagwort(e): Wechselkurs ; Wechselkurspolitik ; Schwellenländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: We analyse the effectiveness of exchange rate interventions for a panel of 18 emerging market economies during the period 2003-11. Using an error-correction model approach, we find that on average intervention is effective in moving the real exchange rate in the desired direction, controlling for deviations from the equilibrium and short-term changes in fundamentals and global financial variables. Our results are robust to different samples and estimation methods. We find little evidence of asymmetries in the effect of sales and purchases, but some evidence of more effective interventions for large deviations from the equilibrium. We also explore differences across countries according to the possible transmission channels and nature of some global shocks.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxwwfmxfdth-en
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  • 70
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    Measuring well-being and progress in countries at different stages of development : towards a more universal conceptual framework (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 325
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.325
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklung ; Gesundheit ; Zufriedenheit ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: A wide range of voices around the world have stressed the need to understand development as a multidimensional phenomenon that involves and affects many aspects of people’s lives. Increasingly, it is recognised that current well-being and its long-term sustainability are the ultimate goals of development and that these notions better capture the human experience of development. The objectives of this paper are to explain why well-being matters in countries at different levels of development and to address measurement challenges in the context of developing countries. These objectives are pursued in four main steps. First, the paper offers a conception of well-being and illustrates its relevance in different development contexts. Second, it describes briefly how the measurement of well-being is implemented under the OECD Better Life Initiative for OECD countries. Third, it proposes ways in which the OECD framework can be adapted to specific development contexts and thereby made more universal, by suggesting relevant well-being dimensions and indicators that could be used to measure well-being in developing countries. Finally, it discusses the possible implications of the adapted framework for OECD work in developing countries, in particular its possible use in the Multi-Dimensional Country Reviews conducted by the OECD Development Centre for a range of non OECD countries.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxss4hv2d8n-en
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  • 71
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    Wireless market structures and network sharing (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (89 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 243
    Schlagwort(e): Mobilkommunikation ; Netzinfrastruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: A key issue for policy makers and regulators across the OECD area is the market structures that will best deliver efficient and inclusive mobile communication services. This has led to two issues addressed in this report, namely: the recent experience in selected countries, which have changed or held constant the number of facilities based operators; and the initial experience and key questions that have arisen with wireless network sharing. These questions are related because they converge around the issue of how many facilities-based networks are optimal in providing competitive services in the same geographical location. In all OECD countries there are at least three mobile network operators (MNOs), which broadly compete on a national basis, with some countries having four or five facilities-based networks operating nationally or in the same region. Historically, the coverage and capabilities of these networks have been important factors used by operators to differentiate their offers and attract customers. Nonetheless, sharing the expense of network facilities between multiple MNOs can significantly reduce costs, especially at a time when there are demands on operators to roll out new networks or extend coverage.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt46dzl9r2-en
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  • 72
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    Online-Ressource
    Exports and employment in China, Indonesia, Japan and Korea (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 166
    Schlagwort(e): 1995 - 2009 ; Export ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Unternehmenskooperation ; China ; Japan ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the effects of exports on employment in China, Indonesia, Japan and Korea. It draws on input-output data for the period from 1995 to 2009 to estimate the effects on each industry's employment (i.e. direct effects) and on other industries' employment through intra-industry linkages (i.e. indirect effects). There are four major findings. First, at the aggregate level, the implied employment from exports increased in China, Japan and Korea. Second, at the industry level, exports and the shares of implied employment from exports increased in machinery-related industries such as Machinery (NEC), Electrical and Optical Equipment, and Transport Equipment in China, Indonesia and Korea. Third, although more than 80% of exports in the four study countries are from manufacturing industries, the employment effects are not limited to manufacturing industries. A significant number of workers in non-manufacturing industries depend upon manufacturing exports through vertical inter-industry linkages. Non-manufacturing industries account for between 40% and 60% of the implied employment from exports. Finally, in 2009, the share of implied employment from Chinese final demand exceeded that from the US final demand in both Japan and Korea. An implication of the overall results is that even in cases where an industry is not particularly directly export-oriented, the industry may still be subject to potential effects – positive or negative – of changes in export demand.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzqqw84vmp-en
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : construction, architecture and engineering services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (52 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 170
    Schlagwort(e): Bauwirtschaft ; Architekturbüro ; Ingenieurbüro ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for construction, architecture and engineering services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for construction, architecture and engineering services and captures de jure regulations in force in 2013. The results for construction services indicate that the overall level of restrictiveness is relatively low, ranging from 0.05 to 0.32, with an average of 0.16. The more elevated levels of restriction can be largely attributed to general measures affecting all sectors of the economy. The STRI also supports the view that architecture and engineering services are less restrictively regulated than other accredited professional services, notably legal and accounting services. The average value for the STRI among the countries in the sample is 0.22 for architecture services, connoting a relatively low degree of regulatory restrictiveness; the corresponding value is only marginally lower, 0.2, for engineering services. The majority of regulations affecting trade in these sectors concern the movement of people.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nnd7g5h-en
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : audio-visual services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 174
    Schlagwort(e): Kommunikationsmedien ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for motion pictures, television and broadcasting and sound recording. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for audio-visual services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.06 and 0.72 for motion pictures, 0.07 to 0.78 for television and broadcasting, and between 0.05 and 0.37 for sound recording. The sample averages are 0.18 for motion pictures, 0.28 for television and broadcasting and 0.16 for sound recording. Limitations on foreign entry, including foreign equity limits contribute to about two thirds of the index values in television and broadcasting. In motion pictures screen quotas contribute to the indices in many of the countries with scores above average. Sound recording, i.e. music, is the most open of the three audio-visual services sectors where limitations on movement of people account for more than 40% of the index value. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nj4fc22-en
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : telecommunication services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 172
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationssektor ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for telecommunications. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for telecommunications and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.06 and 0.61, with a sample average of 0.22. Barriers to competition, reflecting inadequate regulation of incumbents with significant market power, and state ownership in some countries make the largest contribution to the index value, followed by restrictions on foreign entry. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nk5j7xp-en
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education: Netherlands 2014 (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264211933
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 216 S.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Niederlande ; Education ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Schule ; Evaluation
    Kurzfassung: How can student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation bring about real gains in performance across a country’s school system? This review report for the Netherlands provides, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the Dutch evaluation and assessment framework in education, current policy initiatives and possible future approaches. This series forms part of the OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264211940-en
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Connected televisions : convergence and emerging business models (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (54 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 231
    Schlagwort(e): Fernsehprogramm ; Internet ; Geschäftsmodell ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Connected televisions are defined for the purposes of this report as devices that have the capability to interact with the Internet to display audio-visual content. Connected television is an important development because it permits the provision of certain new and valuable services to end-users. These services will also have implications for the activities of all of the players in the content distribution ecosystem. In addition to identifying the new services that connected television enables, the report analyses in some detail their effects on networks (i.e. the physical communication links that carry content to end-users). The impact on content producers themselves, on content distributors (such as traditional pay television companies), on hardware vendors, and on providers of support services such as advertising and programme guides is considered much more briefly. More detailed examination of these matters could be the subject of future work. The report also includes a discussion of policy implications raised by connected televisions for the actual connected television devices and for network infrastructure.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jzb36wjqkvg-en
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Export restrictions on raw materials : experience with alternative policies in Botswana (2014)
    [s.l.] : OECD iLibrary | Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 163
    Schlagwort(e): Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Schmuck ; Diamantensektor ; Staatsfonds ; Exportbeschränkung ; Zollunion ; Steuereinnahmen ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Botsuana ; Trade ; Botswana ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Botswana ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Exportbeschränkung ; Steuereinnahmen ; Staatsfonds ; Zollunion ; Botswana ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Diamantenindustrie ; Diamantenbergbau ; Schmuck
    Kurzfassung: Demand for non-renewable natural resources is forecast to rise steadily over the coming decades. Underlying trends of long-term rising demand and falling supply of mineral resources will inevitably increase pressure on prices and intensify competition for scarce resources. This can create a substantial opportunity for development for minerals-rich countries. However, as suggested by the “resource curse” debate, broad-based economic development based on the extractive industries is far from assured. History suggests that not all countries, in particular many of those outside the OECD area, have benefitted economy-wide from their mineral resources: good governance and good policies are essential to benefit from their huge potential growth. Some countries have successfully regulated their mining sectors without resorting to highly distortive policies such as export restrictions. One such country is Botswana. This paper examines some of the policies in place in Botswana that have contributed to the governance and management of its substantial minerals sector. Lessons are drawn for minerals-rich countries keen to manage their raw materials sectors for increased economy-wide growth.
    Anmerkung: Gesehen am 23.03.2015 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jzb6v86kz32-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Same same but different : school-to-work transitions in emerging and advanced economies (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (57 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 154
    Schlagwort(e): Absolventen ; Arbeitsuche ; Karriereplanung ; Schwellenländer ; Industrieländer ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Improving school-to-work transitions and ensuring better career opportunities for youth after labour market entrance are common goals in emerging and advanced economies as they can contribute to raising the productive potential of the economy and to increasing social cohesion. However, the challenges faced in achieving these objectives and the policies required vary between emerging and advanced economies. This paper analyses youth labour market outcomes in 16 countries: eight emerging countries and eight advanced economies. In light of this analysis, it also discusses differences and similarities in the policy measures countries have at their disposal to tackle the key emerging challenges.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jzbb2t1rcwc-en
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Food and nutrition (in-)security and social protection (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (30 S.)
    Serie: OECD development co-operation working papers 15
    Schlagwort(e): Armutsbekämpfung ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Ernährungssicherung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Social protection measures are policy instruments that are widely used across a broad range of developing countries in pursuit of many different development objectives. In many cases social protection measures such as food or cash transfers were first introduced to ensure minimum levels of food security for vulnerable households. However, as the policy objectives became more numerous and varied, the relationship between food security and social protection have become less prominent. This paper refocuses attention on the linkages between social protection and food and nutrition security and aims to contribute to better integrated policies on food and nutrition (in-)security and social protection, particularly among Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members and their partners. The paper explores the conceptual linkages between social protection measures and food and nutrition security, examines the evidence of practical benefits that different social protection instruments can deliver and assesses the linkages between the two subjects in the international development policy agenda and concludes by proposing ways to better integrate the two issues within development policies and by identifying the main challenges and trade-offs that DAC members and their partners are likely to face.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz44w9ltszt-en
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Official support for private sector participation in developing country infrastructure (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD development co-operation working papers 19
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastrukturinvestition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this study is to take stock of support by bilateral and multilateral donors for private sector participation in developing country infrastructure. It tries to draw out trends, opportunities and challenges, collective activities to address them, and possible further actions for the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). The exercise tries to contribute to the aim of using development co-operation more strategically in leveraging other development related flows. The methodology involved research on 22 donor policies and institutions, as well as data analysis of the DAC’s Creditor Reporting System. The results of the study indicate that official development finance (ODF) for infrastructure is increasing, with a sizable proportion disbursed to support the private sector directly, mostly through loans and equity by bilateral and multilateral development finance institutions (DFIs). However, almost 70% is directed to infrastructure in upper middle income countries, where the domestic financial sector might be relatively developed, which raises the question of additionality of official support. In terms of sectors, 60% of support to the private sector goes to energy, particularly to renewables, such as hydro, wind, solar, and geothermal energy. This is followed by transport, telecommunications, and water. Export credit agencies also provide significant amount of financing to developing country infrastructure. Donors further provide about 15% of funding to help improve the enabling environment for investment by building the capacity of partner government ministries, public-private-partnership units, regional organisations, or local administrations. Conclusions include the need for better co-ordination among various agencies or units involved in supporting infrastructure development within donor countries or multilateral institutions as well as the establishment of a transparent monitoring mechanism of DFI activities to ensure additionality and development effectiveness.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz14cd40nf0-en
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    DynEmp : a Stata® routine for distributed micro-data analysis of business dynamics (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 S.)
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/02
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Mikrodaten ; Datenverarbeitung ; Software ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper introduces a new Stata® command, dynemp, which implements a distributed micro-data analysis of business and employment dynamics and firm demographics. The data source it requires are business registers or comparable firm- or establishment- level longitudinal databases which cover the (near-) universe of companies in all business sectors. Access to such confidential data is usually restricted and the micro-level data cannot be brought together to a single platform for cross-country analysis. To solve this confidentiality problem while also maintaining a high level of harmonisation of the key economic concepts (gross job flows, growth rates of employment, definition of high-growth firms, etc.), dynemp can be distributed in a network of researchers who have access to the national confidential microdata. In such manner, the rich firm-level employment dynamics can be analysed from new angles (such as firm age and size), significantly expanding the scope of the analysis insofar possible using more aggregated data.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz40rscddd4-en
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Assessing polycentric urban systems in the OECD : country, regional and metropolitan perspectives (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/01
    Schlagwort(e): Ballungsraum ; Regionalverwaltung ; Dezentralisierung ; Raumstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Contemporary urban systems in OECD countries are structured around functional regions, which often overcome established city boundaries. Reading space in terms of functional regions allows assessing changes in urban hierarchies and spatial structures, including the polycentricity of urban systems at national, regional and metropolitan scale. By using a harmonised definition of functional urban areas in OECD countries, this paper first provides a sound definition of polycentricity at each spatial scale, highlighting for each of them the different links with policy. Second, it provides measures of polycentricity and explores the economic implications of different spatial structures. Results show that relatively more monocentric regions have higher GDP per capita than their more polycentric counterparts. At country level, on the other hand, polycentricity is associated with higher GDP per capita.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz5mpdkmvnr-en
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The diesel differential : differences in the tax treatment of gasoline and diesel for road use (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (36 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD taxation working papers 21
    Schlagwort(e): Benzin ; Dieselkraftstoff ; Mineralölsteuer ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Diesel and gasoline account for around 95% of energy used for road transport in the OECD and for the largest share of revenue from taxes on energy. In 33 out of 34 OECD countries, diesel fuel is taxed at lower rates than gasoline both in terms of energy and carbon content. To assess whether this difference is warranted from an environmental perspective, this paper examines the rationales for taxing both fuels, considering the externalities (including local air pollution, carbon emissions and other social costs related to road transport) associated with the use of each fuel and the fuel efficiency advantage of diesel vehicles. The revenue, distributional and competitiveness consequences of increasing tax rates on diesel are also briefly considered and the revenue effects of the tax treatment of diesel are shown to be significant. We conclude that the externalities associated with each fuel show that the lower tax rates that currently apply to diesel fuel are not justifiable from an environmental perspective. Reduction of the diesel differential is warranted. A gradual approach to removing the differential would allow the adverse distributional and competitiveness impacts to be mitigated during the transitional phase.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz14cd7hk6b-en
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Approaches to metropolitan area governance : a country overview (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 S.)
    Serie: OECD regional development working papers 2014/03
    Schlagwort(e): Ballungsraum ; Kommunalverwaltung ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Länderbericht
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview of country specific approaches to metropolitan area governance. It provides brief descriptions of the typical structures of metropolitan governance, with a particular focus on the involved organisations. It points out metropolitan areas that have unusual governance arrangements, but generally does not emphasise individual cases. The paper aims to give a descriptive overview of governance structures while abstaining from evaluating their performance.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz5j1q7s128-en
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Bitcoin question : currency versus trust-less transfer technology (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 37
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzintermediation ; Geldpolitik ; Geldsubstitut ; Goldstandard ; Vertrauen ; Bargeldloser Zahlungsverkehr ; Virtuelle Währung ; Payment technology ; Plenary power ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The financial crisis has led to a widespread loss of trust in financial intermediaries of all kinds, perhaps helping to open the way towards the general acceptance of alternative technologies. This paper briefly summarises the crypto-currency phenomenon, separating the ‘currency’ issues from the potential technology benefits. With respect to crypto currencies, the paper argues that these can’t undermine the ability of central banks to conduct monetary policy. They do, however, raise consumer protection and bank secrecy issues. The valuation of Bitcoins and price volatility issues are discussed, as well as electronic theft, contract failures, etc., all of which could result in large losses to users and hence ultimate costs to the taxpayer (e.g. the failure to provide adequate private pensions resulting in increased reliance on public pensions). The anonymity features of the crypto-currencies also facilitate tax evasion and money laundering, both of which are major public policy concerns. The technology associated with crypto-currencies, on the other hand, could ultimately shift the entire basis of trust involved in any financial transaction. It is an innovation that creates the ability to carry out transactions without the need for a trusted third party; i.e. a move towards trust-less transactions. This mechanism could work to eliminate the role of many intermediaries, thereby reducing transactions costs by introducing much needed competition to incumbent firms. The generic issues that policy makers need to examine are summarised.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2pwjd9t20-en
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Small and medium-sized enterprises in global markets : a differential approach for services? (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (95 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade policy papers 165
    Schlagwort(e): 1985 - 2010 ; Industrie ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Dienstleistungshandel ; KMU ; Globalisierung ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study empirically investigates key restrictions to the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in manufacturing and across different types of services. The study explores the extent to which binding constraints faced by SMEs producing goods may differ from small firms operating in services sectors and takes stock of how existing policy initiatives address some of these differences. Our results suggest that while firm size clearly influences the trade performance of SMEs in manufacturing, it is an ambiguous predictor of export performance in the case of small-sized services firms. The findings show that firm size influences the choice of export channel and that small firms rely more on indirect and agglomeration networks. Finally, the results point to a strong degree of firm-level heterogeneity across services activities and enterprise size. It would seem that incorporating sectoral and size heterogeneity into existing policies might be desirable to address key constraints for SMEs.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz17jtfkmzt-en
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  • 88
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    Online-Ressource
    New approaches to spectrum management (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 235
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationsnetz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Today more than ever, spectrum is identified by policy makers as a key asset to support growth in the digital economy. This report provides information and analysis on new approaches to radiofrequency spectrum management in OECD countries. The emergence of new technologies such as cognitive radio and geo-location databases enables licensed or unlicensed shared use of spectrum. These approaches aim at maximising spectrum efficiency by allowing a third party to use underutilised spectrum resources. An example of the success of unlicensed spectrum is that of Wi-Fi networks. The report also covers incentive auctions, an innovative approach to transfer spectrum resources from less to more valuable uses through market mechanisms.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz44fnq066c-en
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    International traffic termination (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (44 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 238
    Schlagwort(e): Telekommunikationspreis ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines measures taken in countries that have restricted the ability for markets to set termination charges for incoming international telecommunication traffic by mandating rates below which no market player can diverge. The report explores empirically the effects of the introduction of such policies and finds that an increase of these termination charges reduces traffic (measured by minutes or calls) in such a way that the expected increase in revenue, given the rise of the termination charge, may be countervailed. Thus, the report concludes that these practices are not in the best interest of the countries where they have been introduced or of countries paying the higher termination rates.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2m5mnlvkc-en
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Women's social entrepreneurship and innovation (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (24 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2014/01
    Serie: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2014/01
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialwirtschaft ; Weibliche Führungskräfte ; Führungsstil ; Innovation ; Ungarn ; Russland ; Chile ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Chile ; Hungary ; Russian Federation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: After having explained the smaller gender gap in social entrepreneurship compared to commercial entrepreneurship, this paper provides information on female management style and on the innovation capacity of social enteprises led by women. This Report is based on SELUSI data and presents three specific case studies from Hungary, Russia and Chile.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzkq2sr7d4-en
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    An overview of the OECD ENV-linkages model : version 3 (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD environment working papers 65
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Längsschnittanalyse ; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht ; Makroökonometrie ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document provides a detailed technical description of the ENV-Linkages model. The OECD ENV-Linkages Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is an economic model that describes how economic activities are inter-linked across several macroeconomic sectors and regions. It links economic activity to environmental pressure, specifically to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The links between economic activities and emissions are projected for several decades into the future, and thus shed light on the impacts of environmental policies for the medium- and long-term future. In this paper specific attention is given to the equations that form the core of the model. The version of the model presented here is used for analysis carried out for the OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050 (OECD, 2012). An updated version of the model is expected to play a key role in the new CIRCLE project (OECD, 2013).
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2qck2b2vd-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Renewable energy policies and cross-border investment : evidence from mergers and acquisitions in solar and wind energy (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/03
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): 2005 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energiewirtschaft ; Portfolio-Management ; Übernahme ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The study assesses the role of feed-in tariffs (FITs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs) in creating incentives for cross-border investments and for investments in particular technological portfolios via M&A. The analysis explores the dataset on M&As in alternative energy sources worldwide over 2005-2011. The results suggests that FITs encourage more diversified M&A than RECs. With respect to foreign investment, the study finds a linear relationship between FITs and cross-border M&As in the wind energy sector, but an inverted U-shaped relationship in the solar energy sector. One possible explanation for the latter may lie in reduced policy credibility due to the public finance implications of ‘generous’ FITs. Another possible explanation for this finding concerns the use of high solar FITs by countries whose natural conditions provide little comparative advantage in solar energy, suggesting that low profitability and limited potential of solar energy in those countries might have deterred the entry of foreign investors.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxv9f3r9623-en
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Environment and regional trade agreements : emerging trends and policy drivers (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (29 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD trade and environment working papers 2014/02
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Trade ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines trends in the use of environmental provisions in Regional Trade Agreements and identifies factors which may explain the presence or absence of these provisions. The report builds on work of the OECD Joint Working Party on Trade and Environment (JWPTE) and includes results of an informal survey of delegates. Analysis of the environmental provisions in RTAs reveals an encouraging upward trend. While basic provisions remain the most common types found in RTAs, the incidence of more substantive provisions has increased significantly in recent years. Among these, environmental co-operation has been the most common type. Several factors may have contributed to this evolution. These include countries extending their political mandates for RTAs, for example to include provisions for compliance with multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), as well as a general accumulation of experience with the use of environmental provisions.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0v4q45g6h-en
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  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Investment treaties and shareholder claims : analysis of treaty practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (75 S.)
    Serie: OECD working papers on international investment 2014/03
    Serie: OECD working papers on international investment
    Schlagwort(e): investor-state dispute settlement ; foreign investment ; derivative action ; separate legal personality ; reflective loss ; investment treaties ; stockholders ; consistency of arbitral decisions ; access to justice ; shareholder claims ; international economic law ; overlapping claims ; shareholder rights ; creditors ; bilateral investment treaties ; related claims ; international arbitration ; comparative law ; creditors’ rights ; treaty shopping ; arbitrators ; international investment law ; settlement ; concurrent claims ; international investment ; reflective injury ; business corporations ; domestic impact of investment law ; investment arbitration ; stockholder remedies ; consistency ; competitive neutrality ; agency costs ; derivative loss ; corporate law ; international investment agreements ; judicial economy ; derivative injury ; shareholders ; shareholder remedies ; level playing field ; company law ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Advanced systems of domestic corporate law generally apply a “no reflective loss” principle to shareholder claims. Shareholder claims are permitted for direct injury to shareholder rights (such as voting rights). But shareholders generally cannot bring claims for reflective loss incurred as a result of injury to "their" company (such as loss in value of shares). Only the directly-injured company can claim. In contrast, shareholder claims for reflective loss have consistently been permitted under typical bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in recent years. This paper analyses investment treaty provisions relating to shareholder claims. It addresses (i) treaty regimes for shareholder recovery and company recovery of damages, including their consequences for investor protection and government liability; (ii) the interaction of reflective loss claims with treaty provisions that seek to limit multiple claims; and (iii) treaty provisions applicable to government objections to shareholder claims for reflective loss.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvk6shpvs4-en
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Public financial management in infrastructure in Africa (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (70 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 323
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.323
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Haushaltsplanung ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Finanzreform ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Afrika ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: To what extent do budgetary processes and institutions hamper infrastructural development in Africa? To answer that question, this report analyses the answers of budget officials to questionnaires administered in 22 African countries: Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cabo Verde, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Republic of Sudan, Tunisia and Zimbabwe.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzmjr4qlhb-en
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Investment treaties and shareholder claims for reflective loss : insights from advanced systems of corporate law (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD working papers on international investment 2014/02
    Serie: OECD working papers on international investment
    Schlagwort(e): consistency of arbitral decisions ; stockholder remedies ; international economic law ; creditors ; separate legal personality ; arbitrators ; board of directors ; international investment agreements ; investor-state dispute settlement ; shareholder claims ; transferability of shares ; entity shielding ; creditors’ rights ; treaty shopping ; bilateral investment treaties ; loan covenant ; reflective loss ; level playing field ; shareholders ; shareholder rights ; corporate law ; judicial economy ; limited liability ; stockholders ; investment treaties ; company law ; consistency ; international arbitration ; access to justice ; derivative injury ; foreign investment ; derivative loss ; competitive neutrality ; agency costs ; settlement ; international investment ; business corporations ; domestic impact of investment law ; derivative action ; comparative law ; shareholder remedies ; international investment law ; reflective injury ; investment arbitration ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Corporate law in advanced domestic legal systems on the one hand, and typical treaties for the protection of foreign investment on the other hand, treat claims for damages by company shareholders differently. Advanced domestic systems generally bar shareholders from claiming for reflective loss – loss that arises from injury to "their" company (such as a decline in the value of shares). The claim for the loss belongs to the injured company and not to its shareholders. In contrast, shareholder claims for reflective loss have been widely permitted under typical investment treaties over the last 10 years. Ongoing OECD-hosted inter-governmental dialogue on investment law is considering whether there are policy reasons justifying the different approaches to shareholder claims for reflective loss. This paper examines shareholder claims for reflective loss under investment treaties in light of comparative analysis of advanced systems of corporate law. The paper considers the impact of allowing shareholder claims for reflective loss on key characteristics of the business corporation. The paper also explores possible responses by different categories of investors to the availability of shareholder claims for reflective loss under investment treaties.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0xvgngmr3-en
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Consumer policy guidance on intangible digital content products (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (22 S.)
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 241
    Schlagwort(e): Digitale Güter ; Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digital content, such as e-books and apps that are available through streaming, downloads or cloud computing platforms, has become the fastest growing e-commerce product category. To support further growth, it is important that consumers, including children, understand what their rights and obligations are when acquiring and using such products. In particular, consumers need to know about the conditions under which they may copy and share products, and on which devices the products may be used. They also need to be informed about how their personal data may be collected and used, with whom it may be shared and why, and the type of redress that may be obtained when problems arise.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvbrjq3gg6-en
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cloud computing : the concept, impacts and the role of government policy (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers 240
    Schlagwort(e): Politische Kommunikation ; E-Government ; Cloud Computing ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Cloud computing is changing the way computing is undertaken. It provides the ability to access IT resources on demand without the need for significant capital expenditure, thereby lowering the entry barriers for new entrants in multiple sectors. Cloud computing has thus become a platform for innovation. This report presents the concept of cloud computing, the services it provides and deployment models, and thus give a clear overview of what it is and what it is not. It provides an overview of how cloud computing changes the way computing is carried out, and evaluates the impacts of cloud computing (including its benefits and challenges as well as its economic and environmental impacts). Finally, the report discusses the policy issues raised by cloud computing and the role of governments and other stakeholders in addressing these issues.
    Anmerkung: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzf4lcc7f5-en
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Measuring innovation in education : a new perspective (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264215689
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 331 S.
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Serie: Educational research and innovation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measuring innovation in education
    DDC: 370.72/7
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsforschung ; Bildung ; Innovation ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Bildungsforschung ; Innovation ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Kurzfassung: Do teachers innovate? Do they try different pedagogical approaches? Are practices within classrooms and educational organisations changing? And to what extent can change be linked to improvements? A measurement agenda is essential to an innovation and improvement strategy in education. Measuring Innovation in Educationoffers new perspectives on addressing the need for such measurement. This book’s first objective is informative: it gives readers new international comparative information about innovation in education compared to other sectors. And it documents change in a variety of dimensions of school practices between 1999 and 2011. Its second objective is methodological: it assesses two approaches to capturing the extent and type of innovation occurring within and across education systems. The third objective is exploratory: this book showcases a large-scale pilot that presents over 200 measures of innovation in education using existing international data. Last but not least, the fourth objective is prospective: this report proposes new approaches to measuring innovation in education in the future. This book is the beginning of a new journey: it calls for innovations in the field of measurement – and not just of education.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264215696-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Migration as an adjustment mechanism in the crisis? : a comparison of Europe and the United States (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (37 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 155
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Eurozone ; Europa ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The question of whether migration can be an equilibrating force in the labour market is an important criterion for an optimal currency area. It is of particular interest currently in the context of high and rising levels of labour market disparities, in particular within the Eurozone where there is no exchange-rate mechanism available to play this role. We shed some new light on this question by comparing pre- and post-crisis migration movements at the regional level in both Europe and the United States, and their association with asymmetric labour market shocks. We find that recent migration flows have reacted quite significantly to the EU enlargements in 2004 and 2007 and to changes in labour market conditions, particularly in Europe. Indeed, in contrast to the pre-crisis situation and the findings of previous empirical studies, there is tentative evidence that the migration response to the crisis has been considerable in Europe, in contrast to the United States where the crisis and subsequent sluggish recovery were not accompanied by greater interregional labour mobility in reaction to labour market shocks. Our estimates suggest that, if all measured population changes in Europe were due to migration for employment purposes – i.e. an upper-bound estimate – up to about a quarter of the asymmetric labour market shock would be absorbed by migration within a year. However, in the Eurozone the reaction mainly stems from migration of third-country nationals. Even within the group of Eurozone nationals, a significant part of the free mobility stems from immigrants from third countries who have taken on the nationality of their Eurozone host country.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jzb8p51gvhl-en
    URL: Volltext
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