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  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (387)
  • London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
  • Emerging Markets  (382)
  • USA
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell ; 1.1979 -
    ISSN: 1467-9906 , 0735-2166 , 0735-2166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Journal of urban affairs
    Keywords: Stadtentwicklung ; Urbanistik ; USA ; Welt ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 25.07.2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781003351382
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 138 Seiten) , 1 Diagramm
    Edition: First edition
    Series Statement: Routledge frontiers of political economy
    Keywords: International business ; Economics ; Political economy ; Geopolitics ; China ; USA ; Europäische Union ; Staatskunst ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Geschichte 1500-2020
    Abstract: This book provides insights on the art of governing a state and managing its external relations from a wealth-power logic. It looks at "economic statecraft", which consists of wealth production, wealth mobilization, and wealth-power conversion by a state. This book reconceptualizes what economic statecraft is and proposes a new theory focused on wealth-power conversion. With a long historic perspective, this book goes through the modern history of Western powers practicing economic statecraft since 1500, and presents three case studies, the United States, the European Union, and China, the three biggest users of economic statecraft in the contemporary world. The book serves as an ideal reference for policy makers, businesspeople, and researchers whose work touch upon either wealth creation, power projection, or the combination of both.
    Note: Enthält Literaturangaben und ein Register
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Cover
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kilic Celik, Sinem Potential Growth Prospects: Risks, Rewards, and Policies
    Keywords: Emerging Markets ; Growth Expectations ; Human Capital Accumulation ; Labor Force Participation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Production Function ; Slow Growth ; Social Development
    Abstract: Potential output growth around the world slowed over the past two decades. This slowdown is expected to continue in the remainder of the 2020s: global potential growth is projected to average 2.2 percent per year in 2022-30, 0.4 percentage point below its 2011-21 average. Emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) will face an even steeper slowdown, of about 1.0 percentage point to 4.0 percent per year on average during 2022-30. The slowdown will be widespread, affecting most EMDEs and countries accounting for 70 percent of global GDP. Global potential growth over the remainder of this decade could be even slower than projected in the baseline scenario-by another 0.2-0.9 percentage point a year-if investment growth, improvements in health and education outcomes, or developments in labor markets disappoint, or if adverse events materialize. A menu of policy options is available to help reverse the trend of weakening economic growth, including policies to enhance physical and human capital accumulation; to encourage labor force participation by women and older adults; to improve the efficiency of public spending; and to mitigate and adapt to climate change, including infrastructure investment to facilitate the green transition
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ohnsorge, Franziska Trade as an Engine of Growth: Sputtering but Fixable
    Keywords: Commodity Market Disrupiton ; COVID-19 Pandemic Trade Recovery ; Developing Economies ; Emerging Markets ; Global Recession ; Impediments To Trade ; International Economics and Trade ; Trade
    Abstract: International trade has been an important engine of output and productivity growth historically. But since the global financial crisis, world trade growth has slowed, reflecting cyclical and structural forces. The COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine have further disrupted commodity markets, global supply chains and the trade that accompanies them. A removal of impediments that raise trade costs could reinvigorate world trade. Trade costs, on average, roughly double the cost of internationally traded goods relative to domestically sold goods. Tariffs amount to only one-twentieth of average trade costs; the bulk are incurred in shipping and logistics, and trade procedures and processes at and behind the border. Despite a decline since 1995, trade costs remain about one-half higher in EMDEs than in advanced economies; about two-fifths of this gap appears to be due to higher shipping and logistics costs and a further two-fifths due to trade policy. A comprehensive reform package to lower trade costs could yield large dividends. It is estimated that among the worst-performing EMDEs, a hypothetical reform package to improve logistics and maritime connectivity to the standards of the best-performing EMDEs would halve trade costs
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kasyanenko, Sergiy The Past and Future of Regional Potential Growth: Hopes, Fears, and Realities
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Competitiveness ; Demographics ; Developing Economies ; Emerging Markets ; International Economics and Trade ; Investment ; Potential Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Total Factor Productivity
    Abstract: Potential growth slowed in most emerging market and developing economy (EMDE) regions in the past decade. The steepest slowdown occurred in the Middle East and North Africa (MNA), followed by East Asia and the Pacific (EAP), although potential growth in EAP remained one of the two highest among EMDE regions, the other being South Asia (SAR), where potential growth remained broadly unchanged. Projections of the fundamental drivers of growth suggest that, without reforms, potential growth in EMDEs will continue to weaken over the remainder of this decade. The slowdown will be most pronounced in EAP and Europe and Central Asia because of slowing labor force growth and weak investment, and least pronounced in Sub-Saharan Africa where the multiple adverse shocks over the past decade are assumed to dissipate going forward. Potential growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, MNA, and SAR is expected to be broadly steady as slowing population growth is offset by strengthening productivity. The projected declines in potential growth are not inevitable. Many EMDEs could lift potential growth by implementing reforms, with policy priorities varying across regions
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Marioli, Francisco Arroyo Fiscal Policy Volatility and Growth in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies
    Keywords: Commodity Dependent Exporters ; Commodity Exporters ; Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Emerging Markets ; Fiscal Policy ; Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Volatility
    Abstract: This paper studies the volatility of fiscal policy in a large sample of countries with a focus on emerging markets and developing economies and commodity exporters over 1990-2021. The findings show that fiscal policy has been more volatile in emerging markets and developing economies than in advanced economies, and in commodity exporters relative to non-commodity exporters over this period. The degree of commodity dependence, and institutional and policy variables can explain a large percentage of the cross-country variation in volatility. The existence of fiscal rules, a more liberalized capital account, and more flexible exchange rates are all associated with lower fiscal policy volatility. The paper also shows the negative macroeconomic consequences of this additional volatility on economic growth, finding that, over a 30-year period, it can explain 8 percent of the income gap between the emerging markets and developing economies and advanced economies in the sample
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2201
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Carbon Emission Reduction ; City Development Strategies ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Construction Materials ; Decarbonization ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Sustainable Construction ; Urban Development
    Abstract: How developing countries meet their rising building needs will be pivotal to the world's climate future. The good news is that the projected emissions growth in construction value chains can be reduced significantly with the application of existing technologies, new financing instruments, and the implementation of appropriate policies. Even as emerging economies meet the rising demand for residential and commercial buildings, it is possible to reduce total emissions from the sector below today's level by 2035. To avoid perpetuating the status quo, decisive action is needed by policy makers, developers, construction material producers, financiers, and international development institutions. IFC is launching this report to guide international efforts to decarbonize construction value chains. Building Green: Sustainable Construction in Emerging Markets was prepared through close collaboration between IFC economists, investment officers, and building and constructionsector specialists. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges of reducing carbon emissions from construction value chains in developing countries, but also the considerable opportunities that willcome from mobilizing the estimated USD 1.5 trillion of investment required for this transition
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Commodity Prices ; Developing Countries ; Developing Economies ; Economic Growth ; Economic Prospects ; Emerging Markets ; Global Economy ; International Trade ; Trade Protectionism
    Abstract: Global growth is projected to slow significantly in the second half of this year, with weakness continuing in 2024. Inflation pressures persist, and tight monetary policy is expected to weigh substantially on activity. The possibility of more widespread bank turmoil and tighter monetary policy could result in even weaker global growth. Rising borrowing costs in advanced economies could lead to financial dislocations in the more vulnerable emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). In low-income countries, in particular, fiscal positions are increasingly precarious. Comprehensive policy action is needed at the global and national levels to foster macroeconomic and financial stability. Among many EMDEs, and especially in low-income countries, bolstering fiscal sustainability will require generating higher revenues, making spending more efficient, and improving debt management practices. Continued international cooperation is also necessary to tackle climate change, support populations affected by crises and hunger, and provide debt relief where needed. In the longer term, reversing a projected decline in EMDE potential growth will require reforms to bolster physical and human capital and labor-supply growth
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cortina, Juan J The Internationalization of China's Equity Markets
    Keywords: Emerging Markets ; Equity Financing ; Equity Issuance Activity ; Equity Market Liberalization ; Firm Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investors ; International Economics and Trade ; International Investors ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Stock Connect
    Abstract: The internationalization of China's equity markets started in the early 2000s but accelerated after 2012, when Chinese firms' shares listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen gradually became available to international investors. This paper documents the effects of the post-2012 internationalization events by comparing the evolution of equity financing and investment activities for (i) domestic listed firms relative to firms that already had access to international investors and (ii) domestic listed firms that were directly connected to international markets relative to those that were not. The paper shows significant increases in financial and investment activities for domestic listed firms and connected firms, with sizable aggregate effects. The evidence also suggests that the rise in firms' equity issuances was primarily and initially financed by domestic investors. Foreign ownership of Chinese firms increased once the locally issued shares became part of the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Emerging Markets Index in 2018
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  • 10
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    Language: English
    Pages: Seite 193-418 , Illustrationen, Karten
    Keywords: Anthropologie Globalisierung ; Geopolitik ; Transport, Verkehr ; Schiffahrt ; Indien ; Georgien ; Schmuggel ; Ecuador ; Erdöl ; Europa ; Migration ; Namibia ; Nahrungsmittelversorgung ; Bangladesh ; Wald ; Klimawandel ; USA ; Politik und Gesellschaft ; Kirche, unabhängige ; Apokalyptik ; Nepal ; Beziehungen zwischen den Generationen ; Sozialer Wandel ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ul Haq, Imtiaz Structural Loopholes in Sustainability-Linked Bonds
    Keywords: Bond Grade Issuers ; Bonds ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Issues ; Greenwashing ; International Financial Markets ; Late Date Penalty ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Sustainability ; Securities Markets Policy and Regulation ; Sustainability Performance Targets ; Sustainability-Linked Bonds
    Abstract: Sustainability-Linked Bonds-an innovative debt product that incorporates incentivized sustainability targets-are becoming increasingly popular to encourage issuers to improve their sustainability performance. However, existing Sustainability-Linked Bond structures allow issuers to weaken the link between sustainability and financial outcomes, rendering Sustainability-Linked Bonds less effective. This paper examines two potential structural loopholes on this front: late target dates and call options. The results show that Sustainability-Linked Bonds with coupon step-up penalties, which constitute the majority and benefit most from such features, are more likely to have later target dates and call options embedded. Larger penalties are associated with a greater likelihood of late target dates but not call options, which instead tend to be favored primarily by speculative grade issuers. The paper also provides evidence that issuers with high carbon dioxide emissions are more likely to resort to such structural loopholes. These findings suggest that Sustainability-Linked Bonds, despite incentivized targets, may be prone to greenwashing
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arteta, Carlos How do Rising U.S. Interest Rates Affect Emerging and Developing Economies? It Depends
    Keywords: Economic Adjustment and Lending ; Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Systems ; Emerging Markets ; Financial Crisis ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Global Economic Interconnection ; Interest Rate Shocks ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy Spillovers ; Monetary Shock
    Abstract: This paper examines the implications of different types of interest rate shocks in the United States for emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). It first classifies changes in U.S. interest rates into those caused by changes in inflation expectations ("inflation" shocks), changes in perceptions of the Federal Reserve's reaction function ("reaction" shocks), and changes in real activity ("real" shocks). The analysis attributes this year's sharp increases in U.S. interest rates almost exclusively to inflation and reaction shocks. These types of shocks are found to be associated with especially adverse effects: EMDE financial conditions tighten, consumption and investment fall, and governments cut spending to improve budget balances. By comparison, rising U.S. interest rates stemming from real shocks are not only associated with benign outcomes for EMDE financial conditions but also improvements in budget balances that reflect higher revenues as well as lower expenditures. Finally, this paper documents that rising U.S. interest rates driven by reaction shocks are especially likely to push EMDEs into financial crisis
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781032074252 , 9781032074276
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 155 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research in ethnic and migration studies
    DDC: 305.23086912
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Europäische Union ; Unbegleiteter minderjähriger Flüchtling ; USA ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 14
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781138320987 , 9781138320994
    Language: English
    Pages: xii, 242 Seiten , Illustrationen
    DDC: 306.0973
    Keywords: Nationalbewusstsein ; Kultur ; Fußball ; Verbraucherverhalten ; USA
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis Seite 195-230
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  • 15
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781032068855 , 9781032068831
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvi, 189 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rickford, John R., 1949 - Speaking my Soul
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rickford, John R., 1949 - Speaking My Soul
    DDC: 305.896/07302
    Keywords: Rickford, John R ; African American linguists Biography ; African Americans Race identity 20th century ; African Americans Social conditions 20th century ; Biographies ; United States Race relations 20th century ; History ; Autobiografie ; Autobiografie ; Rickford, John R. 1949- ; Ethnische Identität ; USA ; Schwarze ; Rassendiskriminierung ; Soziolinguistik
    Abstract: "Speaking My Soul is the honest story of linguist John R. Rickford's life from his early years as the youngest of ten children in Guyana to his status as Emeritus Professor of Linguistics at Stanford, of the transformation of his identity from colored or mixed race in Guyana to black in the USA, and of his work championing Black Talk and its speakers. This is an inspiring story of the personal and professional growth of a black scholar, from his life as an immigrant to the USA to world-renowned expert who has made a leading contribution to the study of African American life, history, language and culture. In this engaging memoir, Rickford recalls landmark events for his racial identity like being elected president of the Black Student Association at the U. of California, Santa Cruz; learning from black expeditions to the South Carolina Sea Islands, Jamaica, Belize and Ghana; and meeting or interviewing civil rights icons like Huey P. Newton, Rosa Parks, and South African Dennis Brutus. He worked with Rachel Jeantel, Trayvon Martin's good friend, and key witness in the trial of George Zimmerman for his murder. Zimmerman's exoneration sparked the Black Lives Matter movement. With a foreword by poet John Agard, this is the account of a former Director of African and African American Studies whose work has increased our understanding of the richness of African American language and our awareness of the education and criminal justice challenges facing African-Americans. It is key reading for students and faculty in linguistics, mixed-race studies, African American studies, and social justice"--
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9781138601505 , 9781032163512
    Language: English
    Pages: xxv, 431 Seiten , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Routledge international handbooks
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The routledge handbook of contemporary inequalities and the life course
    DDC: 305.0973
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000 ; Cultural studies ; Ethnic studies ; European history ; Gender studies, gender groups ; General & world history ; Health & personal development ; Human geography ; Migration, immigration & emigration ; Personal & public health ; Politics & government ; Research methods: general ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / General ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / General ; Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; Social & cultural history ; Social classes ; Social theory ; Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte ; Soziale Schichten ; USA ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Ungleichheit ; Lebenslauf ; Einkommensverteilung ; COVID-19 ; Gesundheit ; Bildung ; Familie
    Abstract: "Drawing upon perspectives from across the globe and employing an interdisciplinary life course approach, this handbook explores the production and reproduction of different types of inequality across a variety of social contexts. Inequalities are not static, easily measurable, and essentially quantifiable circumstances of life. They are processes which impact on individuals throughout the life-course, interacting with each other, accumulating, attenuating, reproducing or distorting themselves along the way. The chapters in this handbook examine various types of inequality, such as economic, gender, racial and ethnic inequalities, and analyse how these inequalities manifest themselves within different aspects of society, including health, education and the family, at multiple levels and dimensions. The handbook also tackles the global COVID-19 pandemic and its striking impact on the production and intensification of inequalities. The interdisciplinary life course approach utilised in this handbook combines quantitative and qualitative methods to bridge the gap between theory and practice and offer strategies and principles for identifying and tackling issues of inequality. This book will be indispensable for students and researchers as well as activists and policy makers interested in understanding and eradicating the processes of production, reproduction and perpetuation of inequalities"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Section 1- Inequality as processIntroduction - Doing Inequalities over the life courseMagda Nico and Gary Pollock Inequality across time: social change, biography and the life course Dale Dannefer, Chengming Han, and Jiao Yu Poverty and economic insecurity in the life course Leen Vandecasteele, Dario Spini, Nicolas Sommet, and Felix Bühlmann Inequality as process Elisabetta Ruspini Life course inequality and policy: a focus on child well-being Gary Pollock, Jessica Ozan, and Haridhan Goswami Section 2- Assessing inequalities: complementary methods Introduction - Imagining the understanding of inequalities Magda Nico and Gary Pollock Studying social inequality over the life course in modern societies. The methodological importance of life course studies Gwendolin J. Blossfeld and Hans-Peter Blossfeld The analysis of inequality in life trajectories: an integration of two approachesDanilo Bolano and André Berchtold Evolution of COVID-19 lethality and geographically contrasting socio-economic factors in Brazil: a multilevel perspective Joseph F. Hair, Jr, Luiz Paulo Fávero, and Rafael de Freitas Souza Health inequalities across the life course: theories, statistical pitfalls, and the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic Fabian Kratz Section 3 - The social stratification of health Introduction - The inherent longitudinality of health inequalities Magda Nico and Gary Pollock Mental health inequalities Jane D. McLeod and Max E. Coleman How an analysis of lifespan inequality can contribute to our understanding of life course inequalities Alyson van Raalte Two centuries of inequalities: disability and partnership in Sweden Lotta Vikström, Kateryna Karhina, and Johan Junkka The Covid-19 pandemic: inequalities and the life course Richard A. Settersten, Jr., Laura Bernardi, Juho Härkönen, Toni C. Antonucci, Pearl A. Dykstra, Jutta Heckhausen, Diana Kuh, Karl Ulrich Mayer, Phyllis Moen, Jeylan T. Mortimer, Clara H. Mulder, Timothy M. Smeeding, Tanja Van Der Lippe, Gunhild O. Hagestad, Martin Kohli, René Levy, Ingrid Schoon, and Elizabeth Thomson Section 4 - Economic and wealth inequalities Introduction - The challenge of complexity in the analysis of economic inequalities Magda Nico and Gary Pollock Concepts of social stratification-static and dynamic perspectives Steffen Hillmert Optimising the use of measures of social stratification in research with intersectional and longitudinal analytical priorities Paul Lambert and Camilla Barnett Stagnation and inequality in a historical view: a comment on Piketty's analysis of capitalism and the Portuguese case Francisco Louçã Things can t only get better: inequality and democracy over a life-span Kevin Albertson and Richard Whittle Section 5 - Youth, education and transition to adulthood Introduction - Half way down the stairs - somewhere else instead Magda Nico and Gary Pollock Expansion and improved permeability of post-secondary education in Germany: consequences for social inequalities in educational attainment Nicole Tieben and Daniela Rohrbach-Schmidt Educational expansion across cohorts and over the life course: an international comparison of (rapid) educational expansion and the consequences of the differentiation of tertiary education Pia Blossfeld, Gwendolin J. Blossfeld, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld Class in successive life courses in Britain since 1945 Ken Roberts Mapping young Norwegians self-projects and future orientations Ingunn Marie Eriksen and Kari Stefansen Section 6 - Family and linked
    Note: Literaturangaben
    URL: Cover  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Cryptocurrency ; E-Finance and E-Security ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Regulation and Supervision ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Fintech is transforming the global financial landscape. It is creating new opportunities to advance financial inclusion and development in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs), but also presents risks that require updated supervision policy frameworks. Fintech encompasses new financial digital products and services enabled by new technologies and policies. Although technology has long played a key role in finance, recent fintech developments are generating disruptive innovation in data collection, processing, and analytics. They are helping to introduce new relationship models and distribution channels that challenge traditional ways of finance, while creating additional risks. While most of these risks are not new, their effects and the way they materialize and spread across the system are not yet fully understood, posing new challenges to regulators and supervisors. For example, operational risk, especially cyber risk, is amplified as increasing numbers of customers access the financial network on a 24 by 7 basis. Likewise, increased reliance by financial firms on third parties for provision of digital services, such as cloud computing, may lead to new forms of systemic risks and concentration on new dominant unregulated players such as big tech firms. This note aims to provide EMDE regulators and supervisors with high-level guidance on how to approach the regulating and supervising of fintech, and more specific advice on a few topics. Preserving the stability, safety, and integrity of the financial system requires increased attention to competition and ensuring a level playing field and to emerging data privacy risks. As a general principle, policy response should be proportionate to risks posed by the fintech activity and its provider. While striking the right balance can be challenging in the absence of global standards, the IMF-World Bank Bali Fintech Agenda (BFA), along with guidance by Standard Setting Bodies, provides a good framework for reference
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 pages)
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Commodity Prices ; Developing Countries ; Developing Economies ; Economic Growth ; Economic Prospects ; Emerging Markets ; Global Economy ; International Trade ; Trade Protectionism
    Abstract: The global recovery is set to decelerate amid diminished policy support, continued COVID-19 flare-ups, and lingering supply bottlenecks. In contrast to that in advanced economies, output in emerging market and developing economies will remain markedly below pre-pandemic trends over the forecast horizon. The outlook is clouded by various downside risks, including new COVID-19 outbreaks, the possibility of de-anchored inflation expectations, and financial stress in a context of record-high debt levels. If some countries eventually require debt restructuring, this will be more difficult to achieve than in the past. Climate change may increase commodity price volatility, creating challenges for the almost two-thirds of emerging market and developing economies that rely heavily on commodity exports and highlighting the need for asset diversification. Social tensions may heighten as a result of the increase in inequality caused by the pandemic. These challenges underscore the importance of strengthened global cooperation to promote a green, resilient, and inclusive recovery path. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hoy, Christopher How have Formal Firms Recovered from the Pandemic? Insights from Survey and Tax Administrative Data in Zambia
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Corporate Data and Reporting ; Economic Recovery ; Emerging Markets ; Impact of Covid On Firms ; Labor Cuts ; Mining Sector ; Pandemic Economic Recovery ; Pandemic Recovery ; Pandemic Resilience ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Tax Administrative Data ; Industry
    Abstract: This paper examines how formal firms have been impacted by and recovered from the pandemic, by drawing on two distinct but complementary data sources. This is the first attempt to use both survey and tax administrative data to measure the initial decline and subsequent recovery of firm sales and employment in a low- or lower-middle-income country. The findings of three rounds of follow-up surveys to a standard World Bank Enterprise Survey completed immediately prior to the pandemic are compared to information contained in the universe of value-added tax and personal income tax returns filled by firms during 2020 and the first half of 2021 in Zambia. Despite substantial differences in terms of the breadth and depth of these data sources, they show a very similar pattern. The sales of formal firms recovered from the pandemic far more strongly than their employment levels. By July 2021, both the survey and tax administrative data show that most firms experienced a complete recovery in sales, while levels of employment worsened over the course of the pandemic for many firms. Two key insights emerge from this analysis. First, formal firms appear to have adjusted their operations in a way that reduced their need for as much labor to achieve the same (or higher) level of sales. Second, if formal firms' reduced reliance on labor persists, lower levels of formal employment in low- and middle-income countries may be a concerning consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic that lingers for years to come
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Business Environment ; Emerging Markets ; Innovation ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: Despite a challenging transition period and a string of adverse shocks, in recent decades Albania has made major strides in raising per capita income and integrating into the world economy. A dynamic private sector has become the engine of Albania's economic development, and its increasing role continues to offer opportunities for expanding the country's economic base and promoting faster and more diversified export-oriented growth. Albania is endowed with considerable economic assets, including a strategic geographical position, exceptional natural beauty, and abundant renewable and nonrenewable resources. A politically stable environment, improving governance indicators, and a record of dependable macroeconomic policies have supported the process of European Union (EU) accession, which offers a wide array of opportunities for the development of the Albanian private sector. Because a small domestic labor pool and consumer market limit the potential for economies of scale, sustaining Albania's economic expansion will require intensifying its integration with the global economy. Despite decades of progress, Albania continues to face serious structural and policy challenges. The country's economic expansion has not been matched by commensurate improvements in productivity. In this context, the World Bank Group has prepared the following country private sector diagnostic (CPSD) to assist the authorities in their efforts to leverage Albania's geographic location, natural assets, and improved institutional and policy framework to promote diversification, competitiveness, and robust private-sector-led growth. The analysis highlights the importance of improving the business environment while stepping up investments in technology and innovation. The report explores three critical sectors for accelerating and diversifying growth: agribusiness and food processing, tourism, and automotive manufacturing
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 pages)
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Commodity Prices ; Developing Countries ; Developing Economies ; Economic Growth ; Economic Prospects ; Emerging Markets ; Global Economy ; International Trade ; Trade Protectionism
    Abstract: The world economy continues to suffer from a series of destabilizing shocks. After more than two years of pandemic, Russia's invasion of Ukraine and its global effects on commodity markets, supply chains, inflation, and financial conditions have steepened the slowdown in global growth. In particular, the war is leading to soaring prices and volatility in energy markets, with improvements in activity in energy exporters more than offset by headwinds to activity in most other economies. The war has also led to a significant increase in agricultural commodity prices, which is exacerbating food insecurity and extreme poverty in many emerging market and developing economies. Numerous risks could further derail what is now a precarious recovery. Among them is, in particular, the possibility of stubbornly high global inflation accompanied by tepid growth, reminiscent of the stagflation of the 1970s. This could eventually result in a sharp tightening of monetary policy in advanced economies to rein in inflation, lead to surging borrowing costs, and possibly culminate in financial stress in some emerging market and developing economies. A forceful and wide-ranging policy response is required by policy makers and the global community to boost growth, bolster macroeconomic frameworks, reduce financial vulnerabilities, provide support to the vulnerable population groups, and attenuate the long-term impacts of the global shocks of recent years
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Business Environment ; COVID-19 ; Emerging Markets ; Energy Sector ; Livestock ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Special Economic Zones
    Abstract: Until the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV2) COVID-19 pandemic and despite the deteriorating security situation, Mali's economic growth averaged five percent since 2014, on par with its long-term potential. Mali's fragile state status has also taken a toll on economic activity and social welfare by reducing access to markets, threatening food security, and degrading human capital indicators. With an increasing debt burden resulting in limited fiscal space to address persistent security risks and to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Mali is compelled to refocus the role of the state and unleash the potential of the private sector to boost productivity growth, to diversify the economy away from a narrow base, and to ensure inclusive economic and social welfare for all Malians. The growth model will be readdressed around energizing investment, creating resilient markets, and building back better for a more resilient recovery via (a) improving the business environment; (b) crowding-in private participation in the delivery of infrastructure and certain public services; (c) ensuring that remaining state-owned enterprises and private firms compete on equal terms - that is, upholding competitive neutrality principles; (d) expanding public-private partnerships in key sectors, through transparent and competitive procurement; and (e) leveraging digital solutions by further enhancing digital infrastructure that would, in turn, increase the uptake of digital financial services and digital platforms for key sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, and digitize government services (e-government)
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Education ; Emerging Markets ; Export Competitiveness ; Private Sector Development ; Social Capital
    Abstract: A small open economy, Benin has seen growth that is above average for the region. The volatility of high growth spells combined with low productivity growth has translated into limited gains in income per capita. Following its transition from low-income country to lower middle income country status in 2020 Benin is at the start of a new growth path. Its challenge is to boost the structural transformation of its economy driven by new growth drivers capable of sustaining an economic acceleration, lifting labor productivity and creating quality jobs for its young labor force, including women. While Benin's economy has been spared by the worse of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) crisis, the shock has reinforced the need to focus on structural reforms that address long term challenges and ensure that economic recovery is sustainable and inclusive. The key conclusions that underpin this report, following the country economic memorandum (CEM) 2.0 framework suggest that investing further in human capital and closing gender gaps, particularly to accelerate the decline in fertility rates, and integrate women and youth into a higher quality labor market, should be central. Deepening market integration, connecting people and creating agglomeration economies through transport infrastructure and services should catalyze additional opportunities, taking advantage of Benin's geographical position
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9780367760700 , 9780367760861
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 312 Seiten , 25 cm
    Series Statement: Routledge advances in sociology 316
    Series Statement: Routledge advances in sociology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Courville Nicol, Valérie de, 1969- Anxiety in middle-class America
    DDC: 305.5/50973
    RVK:
    Keywords: Anxiety Social aspects ; Middle class Psychological aspects ; Self-care, Health ; Mental health ; USA ; Mittelstand ; Angst ; Psychische Gesundheit
    Abstract: "Showing how Americans have massively turned to a self-help empowerment model to manage chronic feelings of insecurity, Anxiety in Middle-Class America explains why no group has ever been as anxious about anxiety and interested in tackling it as a moral and personal problem. Anxiety is the focus of increasing preoccupation and intervention in middle-class America and the late modern world. It is reportedly the most common mental illness in the United States, affecting almost a quarter of its adult population every year. Views diverge on what this means. This work is for readers who are intrigued by the exponential rise in reported rates of anxiety across the lifespan and by all the talk about anxiety, dissatisfied with non-sociological and symptom-based accounts of mental health, and open-minded enough to consider the self-help phenomenon as more than an oppressive craze driven by capitalist industry, neoliberal ideology, complicit publishers, formulaic writers, and irreflexive consumers. In providing a sociologically informed account of some of the most widespread emotional troubles of late modern life and the unique historical pressures that promote them, this work will be of interest to researchers in a broad range of fields, from sociology, anthropology, and mind/body/society studies, to cultural history, communications, and social philosophy. It will also interest mental health professionals and cultural critics"--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Erscheinungsdatum laut Vorlage: 2022, erschien bereits 2021
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9780367652623 , 9780367432058
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 121 Seiten , Illustrationen , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Race, ethnicity, and gender in politics and policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Latinas and the politics of urban spaces
    DDC: 305.48/868073
    Keywords: Women in community organization ; Hispanic American women Political activity ; Community development, Urban ; Urban policy ; Social change ; USA ; Puerto Rico ; Lateinamerikanerin ; Soziale Bewegung
    Abstract: Introduction / Sharon A. Navarro and Lilliana Patricia Saldaña -- Semillas de justicia : Chicana environmentalism in Chicago / Teresa Irene Gonzales -- Brujas in the time of Trump : hexing the ruling class / Norell Martinez -- Intersectional synthesis : a case study of the Colectiva Feminista en Construcción / Fernando Tormos-Aponte and Shariana Ferrer-Nunez -- Place, space, and the Esperanza Peace and Justice Center / Sara DeTurk -- The good the bad and the ugly : Amigas Latinas' Pláticas as a site of transformative knowledge production / Lourdes Torres -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: "This book illuminates the ways in which Chicanas, Puerto Rican women, and other Latinas organize and lead social movements, either on the ground or digitally, in major cities of the continental U.S. and Puerto Rico. It shows how they challenge racism, sexism, homophobia, and anti-immigrant policies through their political praxis and spiritual activism. Drawing from a range of disciplines and perspectives, academic and activist authors offer unique insights into environmental justice, peace and conflict resolution, women's rights, LGBTQ coalition-building, and more-all through a distinctive Latina lens. Designed for use in a wide range of college courses, the book is also aimed at practitioners, community organizers, and grassroots leaders"--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Agribusiness ; Business Environment ; Emerging Markets ; Human Capital ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: The report is organized as follows: the first part gives an overview of recent economic and private sector trends, followed by an in-depth review of the cross-cutting constraints that affect private sector participation. The CPSD recommends putting a special focus on resolving three types of constraints: (a) deep-rooted governance issues (especially as they relate to policy unpredictability, red tape, and the uneven playing field in key sectors of the economy); (b) infrastructure bottlenecks, focusing on transport connectivity and energy; and (c) limited and poorly functioning factor markets for human capital, access to finance, and land. The second part lays out opportunities and policy options to strengthen competitiveness in agribusiness, apparel, and tourism. The three sectors reviewed are deemed to hold a high potential for job creation and growth and have been prioritized by the PEM and by the private sector stakeholders and development partners consulted for the report. The review puts a lens on addressing gender gaps, policies to promote sustainability, and opportunities to increase the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) as an enabler for development, where relevant
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Emerging Markets ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Social Development ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: The International Finance Corporation (IFC) commissioned a consumer and market study to explore economic activities, employment trends, consumption levels, and consumer preferences of refugees and host communities in Uganda's largest refugee-hosting areas in the Southwest and West Nile regions. The study covers a gap in existing research on the economic situations of forced displacement, which is often conducted from a humanitarian perspective and rarely offers the private sector view. The study presents the refugees' economic activities in their distinct roles as consumers, producers, suppliers, and salaried workers from the view of a private sector firm entering the market. It builds on earlier research conducted by the Uganda Investment Authority, in partnership with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), which produced investment profiles for refugee-hosting districts. The report is divided into eight chapters. Chapter one introduces the study. Chapter two outlines the study methodology. Chapter three provides socioeconomic baseline data, such as educational attainment, employment, and income, comparable by region and population group (refugees versus host communities). Chapter four explores access to telecommunication and financial services. Chapter five analyzes household consumption expenditure, the volume of economic activity, consumer preferences, and access to finance and telecommunication services. Chapter six discusses findings from the business survey. Chapter seven briefly looks at agricultural value chains in the Southwest and West Nile. Chapter eight presents investment opportunities in the refugee-hosting districts for the private sector
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9780367459437
    Language: English
    Pages: xx, 173 Seiten , 25 cm
    Series Statement: Routledge studies in health and medical anthropology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hughes Rinker, Corntey Actively dying
    DDC: 362.17/5088297
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Muslims Medical care ; Medical care Religious aspects ; Islam ; Terminal care ; Muslims Social life and customs ; USA ; Muslim ; Sterbeklinik ; Sterben ; Kulturelle Identität
    Abstract: Death and dying within the US health care system -- Islam and end-of-life care : prevalent approaches and beliefs -- Muslim health care providers : the intersection of medical practice and religion -- The Muslim child : adult children caring for dying parents -- Death : the dead Muslim body and connections to identity -- The important case of "a bus" : a critique and intervention.
    Abstract: "This book explores the experiences of Muslims in the United States as they interact with the health care system during serious illness and end-of-life care. It shifts "actively dying" from a medical phrase used to describe patients who are expected to pass away soon or who exhibit signs of impending death, to a theoretical framework to analyze how end-of-life care, particularly within a hospital, shapes the ways that patients, families, and providers understand Islam and think of themselves as Muslims. Using the dying body as the main object of analysis, the volume shows that religious identities of Muslim patients, loved ones, and caregivers are not only created when living, but also through the physical process of dying and through death. Based on ethnographic and qualitative research carried out mainly in the Washington, D.C. region, this volume will be of interest to scholars in anthropology, sociology, public health, gerontology, and religious studies"--
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781003003236
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 449 Seiten) , Diagramme, Illustrationen, Karten
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bansak, Cynthia The economics of immigration
    DDC: 304.8
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Economic aspects ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Immigrants Employment ; Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Manpower policy ; Government spending policy ; Global Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Internationale Migration ; Asylsuchende ; Bestimmungsfaktoren ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Faktoren ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Steuereinnahmen ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Global Immigration/immigrants ; International migration ; Asylum seekers ; Determinants ; Effects/consequences ; Economic factors ; Labour market ; Tax revenues ; Cost-benefit relationship ; Vereinigte Staaten Nachfolgegeneration (Einwanderung) ; Assimilation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Rückwanderung ; Brain Drain ; Rücküberweisungen ; Migrationspolitik ; Flüchtlingspolitik ; Illegale Einwanderung ; United States Second generation immigrants ; Assimilation ; Social mobility ; Return migration ; Brain drain ; Migrants remittances ; Migration policy ; Refugee policy ; Illegal immigration ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Government policy ; Electronic books ; Migration ; Einwanderung ; Assimilation ; Arbeitsmarkt ; USA
    Note: Tabellen, Literaturverzeichnisse, Literaturhinweise, Index , First edition published by Routledge in 2015 , Why study the economics on immigration? , Patterns of international migration , Determinants of immigration , Selection in immigration , Assimilation , The second generation , Labor market effects of immigration : theory , Labor market effects of immigration : evidence , Effects on other markets in the destination , Fiscal effects , Effects on source countries , Frontiers in the economics of immigration , U.S. immigration policy , Immigration policy around the world
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Emerging Markets ; Gender ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Insurance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began as a health crisis in early 2020, has rapidly evolved to become an unprecedented economic crisis affecting global, national, and regional economies and billions of individuals around the world. This report analyzes the widespread implications of the crisis on industry sectors, businesses, individuals, families, and communities. It closely examines evidence and data from business sectors and segments of society that may face challenging paths to recovery, including the most vulnerable firms and individuals in emerging markets that are likely to experience continuing hardship and specific difficulties coping with the crisis. And it highlights opportunities for the private sector to respond, to support a vigorous recovery and to build back better. The first section of the report, chapters 1 to 5 addresses issues that cut across sectors, as well as ways the development community can join with the private sector to help impacted communities and sectors recover and rebuild. The second section, chapters 6 to 9 focus on sector-specific responses to the crisis. The final section, chapters 10 to 12 attends to gender inequities, how they have been aggravated by the crisis, and potentially effective remedies
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Keywords: Emerging Markets ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Insurance ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: This paper develops a theme identified in recent insurance sector development work: that more developed insurance markets are desirable as insurers play a more effective institutional investment role, whether this objective seeks deeper and more liquid bond or capital markets, or to see more investment in long term assets such as infrastructure or in support of climate finance. It explores the perspective of domestic insurers, summarizing positions regarding asset selection and key drivers of current and desired asset structures. The paper draws on interviews in several deep-dive countries supplemented by additional engagement for a more representative global reach. It then discusses a range of solutions that may be considered by policymakers categorized under efforts to: grow the sector so it can play a more substantive role; improve how assets are packaged and made available to insurance companies so they are more investable; review risk-based capital rules to ensure that they encourage and reward the right behavior; and check other regulations do not present unintended barriers. The paper concludes that, although domestic insurers are interested in making investments that meet these goals, they are constrained by barriers that are almost entirely external to their own operations and outside their control. With some adjustment to supply and regulatory settings, insurers should translate their interest into action, increasing their role and improving the contribution to this desirable development outcome. The paper is intended to be particularly relevant for policymakers and practitioners with less experience within insurance company operations who are looking to better understand and respond to insurance decision making
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  • 32
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9780415720694 , 9780367753931
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 225 Seiten
    Series Statement: Routledge advances in sociology 308
    Series Statement: Routledge advances in sociology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beasley, Chris Internet dating
    DDC: 306.730285
    Keywords: Dating (Social customs) Computer network resources ; Personals Computer network resources ; Internet ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Internet ; Rendezvous ; Partnervermittlung ; Partnerwahl ; Intimsphäre
    Abstract: "Internet Dating deals primarily with the experiences of UK and Australian daters, examining their online accounts to see what kinds of narratives, norms, emotions, and 'chemistry' shape their dating. Has the emergence and growth of internet dating changed the dating landscape for the better? Most commentators, popular and academic, ask whether online dating is more efficient for individuals than offline dating. We prefer a socio-political perspective. In particular, the book illustrates the extent to which internet dating can advance gender and sexual equality. Drawing on the voices of internet daters themselves, we show that internet dating reveals how social change often arises in the unassuming, everyday and familiar. We also pay attention to often ignored older daters and include consideration of daters in Africa, Scandinavia, South America, Asia and the Middle East. Throughout we explore the pitfalls and pleasures of men and women daters navigating unconventional directions towards more equitable social relations"--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 33
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781032173412
    Language: English
    Pages: vii, 194 Seiten , 24 cm
    Edition: First issued in paperback 2021
    DDC: 305.552097471
    Keywords: Geschichte 1950-1970 ; Intellectuals History 20th century ; Kulturkritik ; Intellektueller ; New York (N.Y.) Intellectual life 20th century ; USA
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Emerging Markets ; Equity and Development ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Transport
    Abstract: The Jordan Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) is a joint International Finance Corporation (IFC)-World Bank report that highlights the constraints as well as the opportunities facing the private sector in Jordan. It considers three sectors-tourism, logistics, and information and communication technology (ICT) - and the potential they offer for greater private sector contributions to the Jordanian economy, as well as the obstacles that they face from general or sector-specific policies and regulations. The CPSD also offers concrete recommendations to address some of these constraints. Although this report was largely prepared prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, its analysis and recommendations remain as, if not more, valid in the context of the pandemic and of an eventual recovery. A dynamic and resilient private sector is necessary if Jordan is to break the low-growth, high-unemployment trajectory it finds itself in today. The CPSD argues that tackling some of the major obstacles facing the private sector is essential to firm performance, investment, and productivity. These actions are as critical in times of crisis and especially afterwards to pave the way for a vigorous and sustainable recovery. Similarly, the sectors assessed by the CPSD continue to hold promise for the country. The pandemic has underscored the important role that digitalization, a strong ICT infrastructure, and supportive services have in creating a resilient economy and business continuity. E-commerce and logistics capabilities and services are an area put forward by the CPSD as an opportunity for Jordan in the coming years; they have boomed during the current crisis and are expected to be one of the post-pandemic growth sectors. Conversely, tourism, which had been experiencing a strong rebound in Jordan over the past few years, is one of the sectors hardest hit across the globe by the COVID-19 crisis. In Jordan the sector accounts for about 19.2 percent of gross domestic product and 32 percent of exports. Crafting a strategy that effectively addresses the many obstacles that prevent the tourism sector from attaining its potential is a necessary investment for a strong recovery - and a good use of what is likely to be a transitional period until travel re-commences
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Business Environment ; Business in Development ; Emerging Markets ; Energy Sector ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: Malawi is at a turning point in its political, social, and economic trajectory. Lazarus Chakwera was sworn in as Malawi's sixth president in June 2020. This marked a historic moment: the first time in Africa that an opposition candidate won a presidential election following initial results being overturned. After widespread unrest prior to the election, Malawians, especially the youth, have been demanding greater accountability, an end to corruption, and tangible progress on eradicating persistent poverty levels that exceed 70 percent of the population. The average gross national income (GNI) of a Malawian is the third lowest in the world, just USD 380 as of 2019. The Chakwera administration will need to find a way to unify the country's fractured political landscape and deliver on development promises. On top of these challenges, the new administration must also navigate the ongoing and evolving economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth expectations for 2020 have been lowered from 4.8 percent to 0.8 percent. Recent efforts to build fiscal and institutional resilience have helped but need to be strengthened. The pandemic's fallout has weakened the country's macroeconomic foundations, and the overall risk of debt distress is now high. Meanwhile, human capital gains are at risk. Poverty reduction is expected to stagnate, and overall poverty could potentially worsen. The pandemic will likely exacerbate existing inequalities in economic opportunities for women. Women-owned firms, for example, are primarily concentrated in informal agriculture and services, sectors that lack basic social protections to buffer against economic distress. Female farmers, for example, generally have lower access to productive inputs, information, and liquidity than male farmers, so in times of crisis, their farm productivity and food security can be hit harder
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Emerging Markets ; Microenterprises ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Sustainability
    Abstract: This country private sector diagnostic (CPSD) for the Kyrgyz Republic assesses the barriers and opportunities for a more forceful development of the private sector in the country. Between 2000 and 2019, gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate averaged 4.4 percent, enabling the Kyrgyz Republic's ascension to lower-middle-income country status by 2014. Economic growth has been unstable as its sources lacked diversity and were vulnerable to external shocks. Economic growth has been unstable as its sources lacked diversity and were vulnerable to external shocks. If the Kyrgyz Republic wants to inaugurate a new era of faster, more sustainable economic growth, it must more aggressively develop its private sector to support economic diversification and improve productivity
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  • 37
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9780367313319 , 9780367313302
    Language: English
    Pages: 131 Seiten
    DDC: 306.4830973
    Keywords: Sport ; Christentum ; Rassismus ; USA
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  • 38
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 978-0-367-34743-7 , 978-0-429-32762-9 / (e-book)
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 241 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karte
    Edition: First published
    Series Statement: Central Asian Studies Series 37
    Keywords: Usbekistan Beziehungen, internationale ; Russland ; China ; USA ; Japan ; Europa
    Abstract: "This book examines the development of Uzbekistan's international relations since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Drawing on extensive original research, including interviews with key people, and presenting an analysis of social, economic and political developments inside Uzbekistan, the book argues that the concentration of power in the state has contributed significantly to the way in which foreign policy is conducted. It goes on to consider Uzbekistan's relations with major powers including the United States, Russia, China, Japan and the European Union, and identifies factors which have led to both Russia and China being more successful in establishing economic co-operation with Uzbekistan than other countries. The book concludes by assessing likely future developments"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgements List of Tables List of Figures List of Maps Abbreviations Preface Chapter 1. Introduction: Uzbekistan`s relations with major powers Chapter 2. Rethinking State-Society Relations in Uzbekistan Chapter 3. Russia in Uzbekistan Chapter 4. China in Uzbekistan Chapter 5. The United States in Uzbekistan Chapter 6. Other major powers: Japan and the European Union in Uzbekistan Chapter 7. Conclusion Index
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9780367857233 , 0367857235
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 356 Seiten , Illustrationen , 25 cm
    DDC: 323.04208995073
    Keywords: Asian Americans Politics and government ; Pacific Islander Americans Politics and government ; Asian Americans ; Politics and government ; Pacific Islander Americans ; Politics and government ; USA ; Asiaten ; Ozeanier ; Ethnische Identität ; Politische Identität ; Politische Beteiligung
    Abstract: Asian Pacific American Politics presents some of the most recent research on Asian American politics, including both quantitative and qualitative examinations of the role of Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in some of today's major political controversies. In the highly polarized politics of the United States in the early 21st century, non-Black racial minorities such as Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans will increasingly find themselves swept into the epicenter of many of the divisive controversies. This timely volume presents the latest scholarly research on some of these issues, examining questions such as Asian American support for #Black Lives Matter, responses to racially-charged attacks, and the differences in the political socialization, politicization, and community-based activism within and across sectors of the Asian American population. In addition to examining political identity, voting participation, political mobilization, transnational politics, and partisan formation, the volume also investigates important, but little discussed, issues such as the Native Hawaiian sovereignty movement, political incorporation of Filipino Americans, and the struggle to establish "comfort women" memorials in the United States. Contributors also examine, through dialogues, how Asian Americans fit into the larger world of American racial politics, the extent to which they are likely to build coalitions with other communities of color, and the boundaries and contours of Asian American political theory
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9780367478018
    Language: English
    Pages: XXIV, 425 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First issued in paperback
    Series Statement: Routledge theatre and performance companions
    Series Statement: Routledge companions
    DDC: 792.08996073
    Keywords: African American theater ; African American theatrical producers and directors ; African American dramatists ; African American actors ; Aufsatzsammlung ; USA ; Theater ; Schwarze ; Regisseur ; Schauspieler ; Theaterschaffender ; Theaterproduzent ; Theaterintendant ; Geschichte
    Abstract: Black art now / by Nambi E. Kelley -- Introduction / Renee Alexander Craft, Thomas F. DeFrantz. Kathy A. Perkins, and Sandra L. Richards -- Highlights of African American theatre and performance -- Seeing ourselves onstage / edited and Introduced by Thomas F. DeFrantz -- Dudley, the smart set, and the beginning of the Black entertainment industry / Nadine George-Graves -- Black theatre history plays : remembering, recovering, re-envisioning / Sandra Mayo -- "Hung be the heavens with black" bodies : an analysis of the August 1822 riot at William Brown's Greenwich Village theater / Marvin McAllister -- Mulattoes, mistresses, and mammies : the phantom family in Langston Hughes's Mulatto / Alison Walls -- Interview with Woodie King, Jr., producer and director / Jameeka Holloway-Burrell -- Freedom forward : Alice Childress and Lorraine Hansberry circling Broadway in the 1950s / Barbara Lewis -- Navigating respectability in turn of the century New York City : intimate apparel by Nynn Nottage / Marta Effinger-Crichlow -- Earle Hyman : Scandinavian successes / Baron Kelly -- Pittsburgh piety : a century of symbolism / Pedro E. Alvarado -- Interview with Ron Simons, Broadway producer / Lisa B. Thompson -- Interview with Paul Tazewell, costume designer / Niiamar Felder -- Race on the opera stage / Twila L. Perry -- The Wiz and the African diaspora musical : rethinking the research questions in Black musical historiography / Sam O'Connell -- Bob Cole's "colored man's declaration of independence" : the case of Shoo Fly Regiment and George C. Wolfe's Shuffle Along / Paula Marie Seniors -- Shuffle Along and ethnic humor : a family story / Sandra Seaton -- Interview with Eva Yaa Asantewaa, dance critic / Thomas F. Defrantz -- Black female sexuality in the drama of Pearl Cleage / Beth Turner -- Coming-of-age and rituals of gender nonconformity in Leslie Lee's The first breeze of summer / Rhone Fraser -- Pomo afro homos : a revolutionary act / Tabitha Jamie Mary Chester -- Institution building : making a space of our own / edited and Introduced by Kathy A. Perkins -- Being black on stage and screen : black actor training before black power and the rise of Stanislavski's system / Monica White Ndounou -- Visionary African American women theatre artists : Anita Bush, Barbara Ann Teer and Ellen Stewart / Sandra Adell -- The birth of Queen Anne : re-discovering Anne Cooke at Spelman College / Leslye Joy Allen -- The Howard University Players : from respectability politics to Black representation / Denise J. Hart and Kathy A. Perkins -- An African American theatre program for the 21st century / Nefertiti Burton -- Interview with Karen Allen Baxter, managing director of Rites and Reason theatre / Jasmine Johnson -- The Negro Ensemble Company, Inc. : one moment in time? / Susan Watson Turner -- Interview with Shirley Prendergast, lighting designer / Kathy A. Perkins -- Interview with Femi Sarah Heggie, stage manager / Kathy A. Perkins -- Weathering the winds of change : the sustainability of the St. Louis Black Repertory Company / Gregory S. Carr -- The National Black Theatre Festival and the "marvtastic" legacy of Larry Leon Hamlin / J.K. Curry -- The Black feminist theatre of Glenda Dickerson / Khalid Yaya Long -- Ernie McClintock's jazz acting : a theatre of common sense / Elizabeth M. Cizmar -- Black acting methods® : mapping the movement / Sharrell D. Luckett -- Financial fitness of Black theatres : roundtable of artistic directors / K. Zaheerah Sultan -- A reflection on the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff's The hip hop project : insight into the hip hop generation / Johnny Jones -- Interview with Ekundayo Bandele, founder and CEO of Hattiloo Theatre / Shondrika Moss-Bouldin
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Capital Markets ; Capital Markets and Capital Flows ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic adds further challenges to the development of capital markets. For many emerging markets and developing economies challenges have intensified because of (i) the deterioration in the macroeconomic environment, including the contraction of the economies, and larger fiscal deficits, (ii) reduced investor appetite due to uncertainty, and (iii) the nature and scale of the interventions used by governments to support the economy which, while necessary, might have limited the viability of different capital markets solutions, at least in the short to medium term. That said, this does not alter the fundamental premise that it is important to develop alternative finance mechanisms for key strategic sectors. Rather, if anything, the need for capital markets solutions is more critical than ever given the much more limited space that governments, and potentially also banks, will have going forward to support new financing. This Primer will be followed by a series of practitioner papers. As part of its knowledge management agenda, the WBG is working towards deepening the understanding of the use of capital markets to finance strategic sectors, from corporate to infrastructure, housing, SME, and climate change financing. Along these lines, reports will be prepared, as appropriate, to help practitioners identify the key challenges that could prevent the mobilization of capital markets financing to these strategic sectors as well as key actions to address them
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Keywords: Emerging Markets ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Life Insurance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: Life insurance lags non-life insurance in many nascent markets. In order to develop the life insurance market, insurance companies sometimes present the introduction of tax incentives to stimulate consumers' willingness to commit to long term savings associated with life insurance. This paper examines whether insurance premiums' tax deductibility can affect life insurance penetration using regression analysis of a cross-country dataset. To complement the analysis, selected individual countries - Niger, Russia, Paraguay, and Lithuania were reviewed, looking at trends in life insurance penetration and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in United States dollar (USD) before and after a policy change. The analysis did not conclusively demonstrate that life insurance premium fiscal relief was meaningfully correlated to life insurance penetration. On the other hand, GDP per capita is strongly correlated with life insurance penetration, which is consistent with findings of other studies. The country examples where a tax policy change was introduced in life insurance premium deductibility show mixed results. In Russia and Lithuania, premium deductions appear to have had some effect on life insurance penetration. In Niger and Paraguay, it was harder to see a meaningful impact. The impact of a premium deduction on consumers' buying behavior appears to be more complex and depends on the country context such as institutional quality and overall financial market capacity. Even if the tax deduction of insurance premiums has some positive effect, it appears that it is not a panacea but just one of a number of factors motivating consumers. If a country is considering introducing a policy which allows the tax deduction of insurance premiums, it is recommended to combine it with other interventions
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9780367199340 , 9780367199333
    Language: English
    Pages: vii, 325 Seiten , 24 cm
    Edition: Second edition, 25th anniversary edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kellner, Douglas Media culture
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kellner, Douglas, 1943 - Media culture
    DDC: 302.230973
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mass media ; Popular culture ; Lehrbuch ; USA ; Massenmedien ; Kultur ; Kulturwirtschaft
    Abstract: Introduction to media culture 2020 -- Theory wars, ideology critique, and media/cultural studies -- For a critical media/cultural studies -- Social anxiety, horror, and American nightmares -- Race, resistance and representation -- Gender and sexuality wars -- Youth, identities, and fashion -- News, entertainment, and documentary as political spectacle -- Fantasy, technoculture, and dystopia -- Conclusion: technologies, literacies, and the future of media culture.
    Abstract: "Media Culture argues that media culture is now the dominant form of culture which socializes us and provides materials for identity in terms of both social reproduction and change and plays major roles in the economy, polity, and social and cultural life. Kellner provides a series of lively studies that both illuminate contemporary culture and society, while providing methods of analysis, interpretation, and critique to engage contemporary U.S. culture. Many people today talk about cultural studies, but Kellner actually does it, carrying through a unique mixture of theoretical analysis and concrete discussions of some of the most popular and influential forms of contemporary media culture. Studies cover a wide range of topics including: Reagan and Rambo; horror and youth films; women's films, the TV-series Orange is the New Black and Hulu's TV series on Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale; the films of Spike Lee and African-American culture; Latino films and cinematic narratives on migration; pop female icons Madonna, Beyoncé, and Lady Gaga; fashion and celebrity; television news, documentary films, and recent work of Michael Moore; fantasy and science fiction, with focus on the cinematic version of Lord of the Rings, Philip K. Dick and the Blade Runner films, and the work of David Cronenberg. Situating the works of media culture in their social context, within political struggles, and the system of cultural production and reception, Kellner develops a multidimensional approach to cultural studies that broadens the field and opens it to a variety of disciplines. He also provides new approaches to the vexed question of the effects of culture and offers new perspectives for cultural studies. Anyone interested in the nature and effects of contemporary society and culture should read this book"--
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 303-316
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781000190199
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (215 ungezählte Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Patterson, Thomas C., 1937 - A social history of anthropology in the United States
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; USA ; Sozialanthropologie ; Wissenschaft ; Geschichte 1776-2000
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9781138490703 , 9781138490697
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 377 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 10th edition
    DDC: 303.380973
    Keywords: Öffentliche Meinung ; Demoskopie ; USA
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9780367821043
    Language: English
    Edition: First issued in paperback
    Series Statement: The cultural politics of media and popular culture
    DDC: 791.45/75
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Home Box Office (Firm) ; Television programs Social aspects United States ; Race on television ; Sex on television ; Sex role on television ; Aufsatzsammlung ; USA ; HBO Films ; Fernsehserie ; Geschlechterrolle ; Rasse
    Abstract: Introduction / by Giuliana Monteverde and Victoria McCollum -- Authorship, gender, reception. Our bodies, our self(ies): mediating and mitigating social media and selfveillance in Girls / by Hannah Bonner -- The rise and fall of the HBO Empire: vinyl and the gender of TV legitimation / by Stéfany Boisvert -- Queer fantasies, queer echoes: the post-closet world of looking / by Nicholas Manganas -- Feminism, "dick" jokes, & (re)defining masculinity: satirising the tech world in Silicon Valley / by Amy MacKelden -- Race, place, power, risk. The personal and political: exploring comedic masculinity and femininity in Veep / by Carrie Hou, Nathan Stewart and Elena Chabbi -- Race and place in black and white: the false dichotomy in True detective / by Jessica Maucione -- Praising, erasing, replacing and race-ing Girls - intersectional online critiques and the ascent of insecure / by Francesca Sobande -- Forced devotion vs. acceptable doubt: the leftovers as a paradigm shift for religion in popular culture / by Kristen Donnelly -- Consumption, criticism, fandom. HBO's hall of mirrors: the comeback as meta-commentary on television and celebrity culture / by Jennifer O'Meara -- Marnie is the worst: antipathetic characters in contemporary HBO programs / by Oliver Kroener -- The last-night's watch Game of thrones, contemporary recap culture, and HBO's continuing legacy / Andrew Lynch -- Tone deaf?: Game of thrones, showrunners and criticism / by Shiloh Carroll
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 47
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781138580954
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 416 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Seventh edition, international student edition
    DDC: 303.4
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social change ; Social change ; Sozialer Wandel ; Globalisierung ; United States Social conditions 1945- ; USA ; USA ; Sozialer Wandel ; Globalisierung ; Sozialer Wandel
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9781138591011
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 199 Seiten , 24 cm
    Edition: First published
    Series Statement: Routledge studies in development, mobilities and migration
    Uniform Title: Life narratives of undocumented migrants in the United States
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Batzke, Ina, author Undocumented migrants in the United States
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 2018
    DDC: 364.1/37092273
    RVK:
    Keywords: Illegal aliens Social conditions ; Illegal aliens Biography ; Illegal aliens Social conditions ; United States ; Illegal aliens Biography ; United States ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; USA ; Migrantenliteratur ; USA ; Literatur ; Migration ; USA ; Literatur ; Einwanderer ; USA ; Literatur ; Ausländer ; USA ; Einwanderer ; Autobiografische Literatur ; USA ; Illegaler Einwanderer ; Autobiografische Literatur ; Vargas, Jose Antonio 1981- ; N., José Ángel
    Abstract: Whilst many undocumented migrants in the United States continue to exist in the shadows, since the turn of the millennium an increasing number have emerged within public debate, casting themselves against the dominant discursive trope of the "illegal alien," and entering the struggle over political self-representation. Drawing on a range of life narratives published from 2001 to 2016, this book explores how undocumented migrants have represented themselves in various narrative forms in the context of the DREAM Act and the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) movement. By reading these self-representations as both a product of America's changing views on citizenship and membership, and an arena where such views can potentially be challenged, the book interrogates the role such self-representations have played not only in constructing undocumented migrant identities, but also in shaping social borders. At a time when the inclusion and exclusion of (potential) citizens is once again highly debated in the United States, the book concludes by giving a potential indication of where views on undocumented migration might be headed. This interdisciplinary exploration of migrant narratives will be of interest to scholars and researchers across American Literary and Cultural Studies, Citizenship Studies, and Ethnic and Migration Studies.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 49
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781138324374 , 9781138324367
    Language: English
    Pages: ix, 198 Seiten , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Routledge research in race and ethnicity 29
    Series Statement: Routledge research in race and ethnicity
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Birenbaum, Arnold, author Nation apart
    DDC: 305.800973
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Race discrimination History ; African Americans Civil rights ; White nationalism History ; Social justice History ; United States Race relations ; History ; USA ; Schwarze ; Diskriminierung ; Weiße ; Vorherrschaft ; Geschichte
    Abstract: The continued colonization of African Americans -- Contemporary African-American insecurity -- The building of incapacity : race, poverty, subordination and gaps in health services -- The impact of slavery and jim crow on today's African-American communities -- The emerging and continued importance of racial stigma -- Gaps in government services and regulations : maintaining incapacity and insecurity -- Insecurity on the streets and the illegitimacy of the criminal justice system -- The systematic undoing of civil rights and federal supports for African Americans -- The promise of reconstruction -- Jim crow law and customs : a return to white hegemony -- States' rights as a form of resistance, black deaths, and freedom fighters in the South -- Twentieth century civil rights legislation : expanding civil rights and protecting voting rights -- The incubation of white populism -- The triumph of the white nationalists -- The making of the American working class : a brief historical discussion -- The emergence of white nationalism in the twentieth century -- Advancing democratic americanism -- Ideas for diminishing white nationalism -- Targeted interventions -- Ending insecurity brought on by unacceptable living conditions -- Reforming criminal justice in the twenty-first century -- Considering the case for reparations -- White nationalism trumped by democratic americanism.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 189-192) and index
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  • 50
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9780367222796 , 9781138814592
    Language: English
    Pages: xvi, 388 Seiten
    Edition: First issued in paperback
    Series Statement: The Routledge histories
    DDC: 306.7660973
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Homosexualität ; USA
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9781138242418
    Language: English
    Pages: xxix, 202 Seiten , 26 cm
    Series Statement: ICLARS series on law and religion
    DDC: 342.7308/5222
    Keywords: Atheists Legal status, laws, etc ; Atheists Cases Legal status, laws, etc ; Atheists Legal status, laws, etc ; United States ; Atheists Cases ; Legal status, laws, etc ; United States ; USA ; Atheismus ; Recht
    Abstract: Introduction: the exceptionalism of American atheism -- Discourse analysis and the definition of atheism -- The story of America -- The United States Supreme Court and American religion -- McCollum v. Board of Education (1948) -- Torcaso v. Watkins (1961)-- Abington v. Schempp/Murray v. Curlett (1963) -- Welsh v. United States (1970) -- Grove v. Newdow (2004) -- Hein v. Freedom from Religion Foundation (2007) -- Town of Greece v. Galloway (2014)-- Conclusion : atheism, an American religion
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  • 52
    ISBN: 1138242160 , 9781138242166
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 239 Seiten , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Studies in migration and diaspora
    DDC: 940.088/297
    RVK:
    Keywords: Muslims ; Muslims ; Muslims Cultural assimilation ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europa ; USA ; Muslim ; Soziale Integration
    Abstract: "This volume brings together scholarship from two different, and until now, largely separate literatures--the study of the children of immigrants and the study of Muslim minority communities--in order to explore the changing nature of ethnic identity, religious practice, and citizenship in the contemporary western world. With attention to the similarities and differences between the European and American experiences of growing up Muslim, the contributing authors ask what it means for young people to be both Muslim and American or European, how they reconcile these, at times, conflicting identities, how they reconcile the religious and gendered cultural norms of their immigrant families with the more liberal ideals of the western societies that they live in, and how they deal with these issues through mobilization and political incorporation. A transatlantic research effort that brings together work from the tradition in diaspora studies with research on the second generation, to examine social, cultural, and political dimensions of the second-generation Muslim experience in Europe and the United States, this book will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in migration, diaspora, race and ethnicity, religion and integration"--
    Abstract: Being Muslim in the United States and Western Europe : why is it different? / Nancy Foner and Richard Alba -- Resilient Islam meets a resistant mainstream : persistent "barriers" in public attitudes over religious rights for Muslims in European countries / Paul Statham -- Religious identities and civic integration : second-generation Muslims in European cities / Karen Phalet, Fenella Fleischmann and Marc Swyngedouw -- The integration paradox : second-generation Muslims in the United States / Mehdi Bozorgmehr and Eric Ketcham -- The politics of inclusion : American Muslims and the price of citizenship / Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad -- The politics of belonging : religiosity and identification among second-generation Moroccan Dutch / Marieke Slootman and Jan Willem Duyvendak -- Muslim integration in the United States and England : the role of the Islamic schools / Jen'nan Ghazal Read and Serena Hussain -- Transnational schooling among children of immigrants in Norway : the significance of Islam / Liza Reisel, Anja Bredal and Hilde Lidén -- Second-generation Muslim American advocates and strategic racial identity / Erik Love -- Second-generation Muslims and the making of British Shi'ism / Kathryn Spellman Poots -- Imagining the "Muslim terrorist" : media narratives of the Boston Marathon bombers / Nazli Kibria, Saher Selod and Tobias Henry Watson
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9781315306889 , 9781315306919
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 185 Seiten)
    Series Statement: The cultural politics of media and popular culture
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als HBO's original voices
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Race on television ; Sex on television ; Sex role on television ; Television programs Social aspects United States ; Race on television ; Sex on television ; Sex role on television ; Television programs ; Social aspects United States ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / General ; Aufsatzsammlung ; USA ; HBO Films ; Fernsehserie ; Geschlechterrolle ; Rasse
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  • 54
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9780815358350
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 478 Seiten
    Edition: First issued in paperback 2018
    Series Statement: Routledge handbooks
    DDC: 297.09182/1
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Muslims ; East and West ; Civilization, Western Islamic influences ; Islam History ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europa ; USA ; Westliche Welt ; Islam ; Geschichte ; Islam ; Westliche Welt
    Note: Literaturangaben , The borders of Muslim Spain , Muslims and Islam in Sicily from the mid-eleventh to the end of the tweIfth century: contemporary perceptions and today's interpretations , The Muslims in southeastern Europe: from Ottoman subjects to European citizens , Muslims in western Europe in the late twentieth century: emergence and transformation in 'Muslim' revindications and collective mobilization efforts , Islam in America: the beginnings , Black Muslims , American Muslim associational life from 1950 to the present , Islam in Mexico and Central America , Muslims in South America: history, presence and visibility of a religious minority in a Christian context , Europe's identity crisis, Islam in Europe, and the crisis of European secularity , Emergence of a western Muslim identity: factors, agents and discourses , The multicultural idea and western Muslims , Social and political Islamophobia: stereotyping, surveillance and silencing , A Muslim modernity: Ismaili engagement with western societies , Conversion to Islam in modern western Europe and the United States , Muslim political radicalization in the West , Landscapes of Muslim art and architecture in the West , Islamic organisations in the West: new welfare actors in the new welfare systems in Europe , Islam in the arts in the USA , European Muslim youth and popular culture: at the crossroads of fun and faith , Muslim material culture in the Western world , A religious law for Muslims in the West: the European Council for Fatwa and Research and the evolution of fiqh al-aqalliyyat al-muslima , Ethical questions in Western Islamic experience , Gender, feminism, and critique in American Muslim thought , Development and perspectives of Islamic economics (banking and finance) in the West , The production of Western Islamic knowledge , Islam, Sufism and the postmodern in the religious melting pot
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9781351721899
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Fifth edition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Butler, Jerermy G., 1954- Television
    DDC: 302.23/45
    RVK:
    Keywords: Fernsehen ; Semiotik ; USA
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9781138234444
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 185 Seiten
    Series Statement: The cultural politics of media and popular culture
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als HBO’s original voices
    DDC: 791.45/75
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Home Box Office (Firm) ; Television programs Social aspects United States ; Race on television ; Sex on television ; Sex role on television ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; USA ; HBO Films ; Fernsehserie ; Geschlechterrolle ; Rasse
    Abstract: Introduction / by Giuliana Monteverde and Victoria McCollum -- Authorship, gender, reception. Our bodies, our self(ies): mediating and mitigating social media and selfveillance in Girls / by Hannah Bonner -- The rise and fall of the HBO Empire: vinyl and the gender of TV legitimation / by Stéfany Boisvert -- Queer fantasies, queer echoes: the post-closet world of looking / by Nicholas Manganas -- Feminism, "dick" jokes, & (re)defining masculinity: satirising the tech world in Silicon Valley / by Amy MacKelden -- Race, place, power, risk. The personal and political: exploring comedic masculinity and femininity in Veep / by Carrie Hou, Nathan Stewart and Elena Chabbi -- Race and place in black and white: the false dichotomy in True detective / by Jessica Maucione -- Praising, erasing, replacing and race-ing Girls - intersectional online critiques and the ascent of insecure / by Francesca Sobande -- Forced devotion vs. acceptable doubt: the leftovers as a paradigm shift for religion in popular culture / by Kristen Donnelly -- Consumption, criticism, fandom. HBO's hall of mirrors: the comeback as meta-commentary on television and celebrity culture / by Jennifer O'Meara -- Marnie is the worst: antipathetic characters in contemporary HBO programs / by Oliver Kroener -- The last-night's watch Game of thrones, contemporary recap culture, and HBO's continuing legacy / Andrew Lynch -- Tone deaf?: Game of thrones, showrunners and criticism / by Shiloh Carroll
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9781138059313
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 202 Seiten , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Routledge research in gender and society 66
    Series Statement: Routledge research in gender and society
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Girls, aggression, and intersectionality
    DDC: 302.54083
    Keywords: Aggressiveness in girls United States ; Bullying in schools United States ; Violence in adolescence United States ; Aggressiveness in girls ; Bullying ; Violence in adolescence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; USA ; Weibliche Jugend ; Aggressivität ; Gewalttätigkeit ; USA ; Weibliche Jugend ; Aggressivität ; Gewalttätigkeit
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 58
    ISBN: 978-0-367-00209-1 (Pb) , 978-1-138-65750-2 (hbk)
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 126 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Edition: first issued in paperback
    Keywords: Australien Ozeanien ; New Zealand ; Neu-Kaledonien ; USA ; Ureinwohner, Australien ; Wasser ; Wasserrecht ; Konflikt ; Besiedlungsgeschichte ; Kolonisierung
    Abstract: Other People's Country thinks through the entangled objects of law - legislation, policies, institutions, treaties and so on - that govern waters and that make bodies of water 'lawful' within settler colonial sites today. Informed by the theoretical interventions of cosmopolitics and political ecology, each opening up new approaches to questions of politics and 'the political', the chapters in this book locate these insights within material settler colonial 'places' rather than abstract structures of domination. A claim to water - whether by Indigenous peoples or settlers - is not simply a claim to a resource. It is a claim to knowledge and to the constitution of place and therefore, in the terms of Isabelle Stengers, to the continued constitution of the past, present and future of real worlds. Including contributions from the fields of anthropology, cultural studies, cultural geography, critical legal studies, and settler colonial studies, this collection not only engages with issues of law, water and entitlement in different national contexts - including Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand, New Caledonia and the USA - but also from diverse disciplinary and institutional contexts. This book was originally published as a special issue of Settler Colonial Studies.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 978-1-138-81398-4 , 978-1-315-74780-4 , 978-1-315-74780-4/eBook
    Language: English
    Pages: XIC, 223 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First issued in paperback
    Series Statement: Routledge Studies in Anthropology 35
    Keywords: Industrie Arbeit ; Arbeiterklasse ; Arbeitsverhältnis ; Sozio-ökonomischer Aspekt ; Sozialer Aspekt ; Sozialer Wandel ; Krise ; Finanzkrise ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Subalternität ; Armut ; Soziologie ; Ethnographie ; Polen ; Argentinien ; Brasilien ; Italien ; Deutschland ; Großbritannien ; Griechenland ; Slowakei ; USA ; Spanien
    Abstract: Winner of the Society for the Anthropology of Work book prize 2017 This volume presents a global range of ethnographic case studies to explore the ways in which - in the context of the restructuring of industrial work, the ongoing financial crisis, and the surge in unemployment and precarious employment - local and global actors engage with complex social processes and devise ideological, political, and economic responses to them. It shows how the reorganization and re-signification of work, notably shifts in the perception and valorization of work, affect domestic and community arrangements and shape the conditions of life of workers and their families.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Work and Livelihoods: an Introduction Victoria Goddard Section I - Past, Present and Future: Generations in Times of Crisis 2. Lost Generations? Unemployment, Migration and New Knowledge Regimes in Post EU Poland Frances Pine 3. Credentialism and Recommendations: The Bases of the Reproduction of the Metallurgical Working Class in Contemporary Argentina Laura Perelman and Patricia Vargas 4. Continuity and Disruption: the Experiences of Work and Employment Across Three Generations of Steelworkers in Volta Redonda Gonzalo Diaz CrovettoSection II - Continuities and Discontinuities5. Postfordist Work Organization and Daily Life from a Gender Perspective: the Case of FIAT-SATA in Melfi Fulvia D'Aloisio6. Profession, Masculinity, and Identity: Biographical Crisis of British and German Steelworkers in Comparison Vera Trappmann 7. Employment Precariousness and Social Reproduction in the Shipbuilding Industry of Piraeus Manos Spyridakis Section III - Lives of Worth 8. Regimes of Value and Worthlessness: How Two Subaltern Stories Speak Don Kalb 9. Post-industrial Landscape. Space and Place in the Personal Experiences of Residents of the Former Working-class Estate of Ksawera in Bedzin Kazimiera Wodz and Monika GnieciakSection IV - The Politics of Resistance 10. Workers and Populism in Slovakia Juraj Buzalka and Michaela Ferencova 11. `A Trojan Horse in our Midst': The Saturn Plant and the Disorganization of Autoworkers in the US Sharryn Kasmir 12. Getting by Beyond Work, or the Intertwining of Production and Reproduction among Heavy Industry Workers and their Families in Ferrol, Spain Irene Sabate MurielAfterword - Making Difference: Concluding Comments on Work and Livelihoods Susana Narotzky
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  • 60
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9780765804402
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 271 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Contemporary themes
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; USA ; Sport ; Schwarze
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464810176
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (272 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Developing Countries ; Developing Economies ; Economic Growth ; Economic Prospects ; Emerging Markets
    Abstract: Stagnant global trade, subdued investment, and heightened policy uncertainty marked another difficult year for the world economy. A moderate recovery is expected for 2017, with receding obstacles to activity in commodity-exporting emerging market and developing economies. Weak investment is weighing on medium-term prospects across many emerging market and developing economies. Although fiscal stimulus in major economies, if implemented, may boost global growth above expectations, risks to growth forecasts remain tilted to the downside. Important downside risks stem from heightened policy uncertainty in major economies. In addition to discussing global and regional economic developments and prospects, this edition of Global Economic Prospects includes a chapter on the causes, consequences and policy implications of weak investment in emerging markets and developing economies, and a special focus on the role of the U.S. economy in the world. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 62
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 147247614X , 9781472476142 , 9781138361355 , 1138361356
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 217 Seiten
    Series Statement: Rethinking Asia and international relations
    DDC: 327.519
    RVK:
    Keywords: Korean reunification question (1945- ) ; Korean reunification question (1945- ) International cooperation ; International relations ; Korea (North) Relations ; Korea (South) Foreign relations 21st century ; Korea (North) Foreign relations 21st century ; Korea (South) Relations ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Nordkorea ; Südkorea ; Wiedervereinigung ; Internationale Politik ; Nordkorea ; Südkorea ; Wiedervereinigung ; Außenpolitik ; USA ; China ; Japan ; Russland
    Abstract: "On the Korean peninsula, there exist two sovereign states--the Republic of Korea (ROK or South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea)--both of whom hold separate membership at the United Nations. This book discusses the construction of "one Korea" and highlights the potential benefits of unification for the Koreans and the international community. Arguing that Korean unification is intrinsically international in nature, the authors outline how the process and outcome would impact upon the policies of the four major powers--the U.S., China, Russia, and Japan. In addition, the authors highlight the possible far-reaching repercussions of unification on the political and economic dynamics of Northeast Asia. Making a case for the two Koreas and interested powers to plan and orchestrate their acts for sustained peace and gradual unification on the Korean peninsula, this book examines the Korean question and the related issue of peace building in Northeast Asia from a global perspective. It will be of interest to students and scholars researching politics and international relations."--Provided by publisher
    Abstract: Introduction / Tae-Hwan Kwak and Seung-Ho Joo -- One Korea unification vision through neutralization / Tae-Hwan Kwak -- North Korean unification strategy: strategic culture and future prospects / Sachio Nakato -- U.S. policy toward Korean unification and the policies of the ROK and the DPRK / Edward A. Olsen -- Future vision for a unified Korean peninsula: a U.S. perspective / Tong Kim -- Obama's policy toward the Korean peninsula: a Korean perspective / Taehyung Ahn -- Maintaining the status quo or promoting the reunification of the Korean peninsula? A Chinese perspective / Cai Jian -- China and Korean unification strategies: a Korean perspective / Taewan Kim -- Future vision of a unified Korean peninsula: a Russian perspective / Alexander Zhebin -- Russia and a unified Korea: a Korean perspective / Seung-Ho Joo -- Japan's policy regarding Korean rapprochement and unification / Yoshinori Kaseda -- Conclusion / Tae-Hwan Kwak and Seung-Ho Joo
    Note: Ressource lag 2016 vor
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  • 63
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 978-1-138-69196-4 , 978-1-315-53347-6
    Language: English
    Pages: XI, 171 Seiten
    Edition: First published
    Series Statement: Central Asian Studies Series 31
    Keywords: Kirgisien Zentral-Asien ; Russland ; China ; USA ; Außenpolitik ; Militär ; Manas
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  • 64
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9780205831951 , 0205831958
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 557 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Third edition
    DDC: 305.26
    Keywords: Gerontology ; Aging ; Older people Social conditions ; Older people Social conditions ; United States ; USA ; Gerontologie ; Altern ; Soziale Situation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464808678
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Banking Sector ; Capital Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity Investments ; Health Services
    Abstract: En el Informe anual 2016, que abarca el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de julio de 2015 y el 30 de junio de 2016, se describe como el Banco Mundial se asocia con los paises con el objeto de poner fin a la pobreza extrema para 2030, promover la prosperidad compartida y respaldar el programa mundial de desarrollo sostenible. Este informe anual, que abarca el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de julio de 2015 y el 30 de junio de 2016, ha sido preparado por los directores ejecutivos del Banco Internacional de Reconstruccion y Fomento (BIRF) y la Asociacion Internacional de Fomento (AIF) -denominados colectivamente "Banco Mundial", segun lo dispuesto en los reglamentos de ambas organizaciones. El Dr. Jim Yong Kim, presidente del Grupo Banco Mundial (GBM) y de los Directorios Ejecutivos y las Juntas de Directores de las instituciones que lo integran, ha presentado este informe, junto con los presupuestos administrativos y los estados financieros auditados, a la Junta de Gobernadores
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464808630
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Natural Resources ; Transition Economies ; Banking Sector ; Capital Markets ; Emerging Markets
    Abstract: Le Rapport annuel 2016, qui couvre la periode allant du 1er juillet 2015 au 30 juin 2016, passe en revue la maniere dont la Banque mondiale travaille en partenariat avec les pays pour mettre fin a l'extreme pauvrete d'ici 2030, promouvoir une prosperite partagee et soutenir le programme mondial de developpement durable. Le present rapport couvre la periode allant du 1er juillet 2015 au 30 juin 2016. Il a ete etabli par les Administrateurs de la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le developpement (BIRD) et de l'Association internationale de developpement (IDA) -qui, reunies, prennent le nom de Banque mondiale- conformement aux reglements respectifs de ces deux institutions. M. Jim Yong Kim, President du Groupe de la Banque mondiale et President du Conseil des Administrateurs, a soumis ce rapport, ainsi que les budgets administratifs et les etats fi nanciers verifi es, au Conseil des Gouverneurs
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464807787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (190 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Developing Countries ; Developing Economies ; Economic Growth ; Economic Prospects ; Emerging Markets ; Global Economy
    Abstract: Global growth prospects have deteriorated in 2016. Emerging market and developing economies are facing increased external headwinds, including softer growth in advanced economies. Commodity exporters are struggling with particularly challenging conditions, while commodity importers are thus far showing greater resilience. Global growth is expected to gradually accelerate in 2017-18 but risks to the outlook are increasingly more pronounced. In addition to discussing global and regional economic developments and prospects, this edition of Global Economic Prospects includes two Special Focus essays of critical importance for emerging and developing economies: an analysis of the buildup of private debt in emerging and frontier markets and a quantitative study of uncertainties surrounding global growth. This year marks the 25th anniversary of the Global Economic Prospects. The Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that has, since its inception in 1991, examined international economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies. It has also included analytical essays on a wide range of topical macroeconomic, financial, and structural policy challenges faced by these economies. It is published on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges, while the June edition contains shorter analytical essays
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 68
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781598746464 , 9781598746471
    Language: English
    Pages: 361 Seiten , 23 cm
    DDC: 305.896073
    RVK:
    Keywords: African Americans ; Research ; African Americans ; Social conditions ; Ethnocentrism ; United States ; History ; United States ; Race relations ; Research ; USA ; Schwarze ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Ethnozentrismus ; USA ; Schwarze ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Ethnozentrismus
    Note: First published 2011 by Left Coast Press, Inc
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9781138013438 , 9781138013445
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 362 pages , 24 cm
    Edition: Second edition
    DDC: 305.2350973
    Keywords: Teenagers ; Teenagers ; Teenage consumers ; USA ; Jugend ; Verbraucherverhalten
    Note: Earlier edition published in 2006 , Includes bibliographical references (pages 287-351) and index
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9781138278240
    Language: English
    Pages: 222 Seiten
    Edition: First issued in paperback
    Series Statement: Ashgate popular and folk music series
    Series Statement: An Ashgate book
    DDC: 781.621009045
    RVK:
    Keywords: Folk songs, English History and criticism ; United States ; Folk songs, English History and criticism ; Canada ; Folk songs, English History and criticism ; United States ; Folk songs, English History and criticism ; Canada ; USA ; Kanada ; Folk music ; Revival ; Geschichte 1945-1980
    Abstract: Defining the people's songs : national identity and the origins of the North American folk revival to 1958 -- Visions of diversity : cultural pluralism and the great boom of the folk revival, 1958-1965 -- Folk music and community in the village : Greenwich Village and Yorkville in the sixties -- The post-revival folk : Canadian dreams and American nightmares in the late 1960s and 1970s -- Folk since the seventies : diversity and insularity
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 187-207. - Diskografie: Seite 209-210
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9781472427465 , 9781472427496
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 188 Seiten
    Series Statement: The cultural politics of media and popular culture
    DDC: 305.800973
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Whites Race identity ; Popular culture ; United States Race relations ; Weiße ; USA ; Ethnische Identität ; Massenkultur
    Description / Table of Contents: Popularizing white power : a brief introductionReframing white power and popular culture : images, otherness and interpretive communities -- Listening to white noise : the sonic landscapes of white power -- Watching TV with white supremacists : social life in black, white, and Jew -- Racing hollywood : white power, audience response, and cinematic spectacle -- Hating the playa : white power and sport in the contemporary U.S -- Gaming the racial order : white power identities and ideologies in video games -- What's not to like : white power and social media -- Beyond hate : Wade michael page, white power, and popular culture.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , First published 2014 by Ashgate Publishing
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9781412863032 , 9781412863322
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 168 Seiten
    Series Statement: Marriage and family studies series
    DDC: 306.850973
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1630-2000 ; Familienleben ; USA
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  • 73
    Book
    Book
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9780415814140 , 0415814146
    Language: English
    Pages: xiii, 423 Seiten , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Routledge studies in extremism and democracy 31
    Series Statement: Routledge studies in extremism and democracy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kaplan, Jeffrey, 1954 - Radical religion and violence
    DDC: 201/.76332
    RVK:
    Keywords: Religion Violence ; Radicalism Religious aspects ; Religion Violence ; Radicalism Religious aspects ; USA ; Religion ; Radikalismus ; Gewalt ; Religion ; Radikalismus ; Gewalt
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9781594518379 , 9781594518386
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 213 Seiten
    DDC: 325.73
    RVK:
    Keywords: Immigrants Social conditions 21st century ; Immigration enforcement History 21st century ; Immigrants Civil rights ; Deportation ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Festnahme ; Geschichte ; Menschenrecht ; Razzia ; USA ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Government policy ; USA ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Geschichte 2001-2011
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: We are them: how punitive immigration policies negatively affect citizens, families, and communities -- Roots of immigration to the United States -- The Department of Homeland Security and the immigration enforcement regime of the 21st century -- Racism and the consequences of U.S. immigration policy -- The impossible choice: family vs. citizenship in U.S. immigration policies -- The immigration industrial complex: who profits from immigration policies destined to fail? -- Conclusion: immigration policy and human rights.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 183-201
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781317344711
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 454 Seiten) , Diagramme
    DDC: 306.072073
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social classes Study and teaching (Higher) ; Sex role Study and teaching (Higher) ; Homosexuality Study and teaching (Higher) ; Discrimination Study and teaching (Higher) ; United States Social conditions 1980- ; United States Race relations ; Study and teaching (Higher) ; Electronic books ; Geschlechterforschung ; USA
    Abstract: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I: The Theory of Intersectional Analysis -- Introduction -- Interlocking Systems of Oppression and Privilege -- Race -- The Social Construction of Race -- The Social Construction of Gender -- Class -- The Language of Intersection Theory -- Social Locations -- The Assumptions of Intersection Theory -- Simultaneity -- Multiplicative versus Additive Relationships -- Summary -- References -- 1. Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology
    Abstract: 2. Theorizing Race, Class, and Gender: The New Scholarship of Black Feminist Intellectuals and Black Women's Labor -- 3. Toward a New Vision: Race, Class, and Gender as Categories of Analysis and Connection -- 4. Theorizing Difference from Multiracial Feminism -- 5. Doing Difference -- 6. Symposium on West and Fenstermaker's ""Doing Difference"" -- 7. Reply (Re)Doing Difference -- Part II: The Methodology of Intersectional Analysis: Qualitative Approaches -- Introduction -- Simultaneity -- Multiplicative Relationships -- Intersectional Analysis in Qualitative Research
    Abstract: Rules for Qualitative Intersectional Research -- Type I and Type II Articles -- A Digression on Race, Gender, and Class -- Critiquing Qualitative Articles -- The Saturated Model -- 7. An Exploratory Analysis of the Effects of Race, Class, and Gender on Student and Parent Mobility Aspirations -- 8. Policing Boundaries: Race, Class, and Gender in Cartagena, Colombia -- Intersectional Analysis with Four Social Locations -- 9. Gender, Race, Class, and the Trend Toward Early Motherhood: A Feminist Analysis of Teen Mothers in Contemporary Society -- 10. Masculinities and Athletic Careers
    Abstract: Intersectional Analysis with Two Social Locations -- 11. Working-Class Women's Ways of Knowing: Effects of Gender, Race, and Class -- Intersectional Analysis in Historical Studies -- 12. You Have to Have Some Fun to Go Along with Your Work: The Interplay of Race, Class, Gender, and Leisure in the Industrial New South -- Part III: The Methodology of Intersectional Analysis: Quantitative Approaches -- Introduction -- The Basic Approach -- Simple Social Locations -- Complex Social Locations -- Type I Cases -- Type II Cases -- The Saturated Model -- Some Issues and Statistical Problems
    Abstract: How Many Comparisons? -- Selection of Comparisons -- Sample Size -- Multicollinearity -- Critiquing Quantitative Articles -- Quantitative Studies with Four Locations: Separate Group Analysis -- 13. Producing and Reproducing Class and Status Differences: Racial and Gender Gaps in U.S. Employment and Retirement Income -- 14. Gender and Race Differences in the Predictors of Daily Health Practices among Older Adults -- Quantitative Studies with Four Locations: Interaction Analysis -- 15. Relations among Socioeconomic Status Indicators and Health for African-Americans and Whites
    Abstract: Quantitative Studies with Four Locations: Interactions Combined with Separate Group Analysis
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781134934737
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 381 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.709730904
    Keywords: Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Seksualiteit ; Seksuele betrekkingen ; Veranderingsprocessen ; Alltag, Brauchtum ; Geschichte ; Sexualität ; Nineteen sixties ; Sex customs History 20th century ; Sex in popular culture History 20th century ; Sexual ethics History 20th century ; Sexuelle Revolution ; USA ; United States Moral conditions 20th century ; History ; United States Social life and customs 20th century ; USA ; USA ; Sexuelle Revolution
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Banking Sector ; Capital Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity Investments ; Health Services ; Inflation ; Interest Rates ; Microfinance ; Natural Resources ; Transition Economies ; French Translation
    Abstract: Le Groupe de la Banque mondiale s'est fixe des objectifs ambitieux mais realisables sur lesquels asseoir le travail qu'il entreprend pour relever ces defis historiques. Plus precisement, l'institution fera son possible pour mettre fin a l'extreme pauvrete a l'echelle mondiale d'ici 2030 et promouvoir une prosperite partagee dans les pays en developpement, ce qui supposera favoriser la croissance des revenus pour les 40 % les plus pauvres de la population. L'institution cherchera a atteindre ces objectifs de facon viable sur le plan environnemental, social et economique afin de s'assurer que les acquis du developpement ne compromettent pas le bien-etre des generations actuelles et futures. Le present Rapport annuel couvre les activites de la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le developpement (BIRD) et de l'Association international de developpement (IDA) qui, reunies, prennent le nom de Banque mondiale. Nous vous exhortons a le lire pour en apprendre davantage sur le travail accompli par la Banque mondiale - les activites et les realisations qu'elle aide a promouvoir dans les six regions geographiques ou elle mene ses operations, ainsi que les resultats du travail consistant a aider a vaincre la pauvrete et creer des opportunites pour les populations des pays en developpement. The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)-collectively known as the World Bank-in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Andrabi, Tahir Report Cards
    Keywords: Privatschule ; Informationsverbreitung ; Bildungsverhalten ; Wirkungsanalyse ; USA
    Abstract: This paper studies study the impact of providing school and child test scores on subsequent test scores, prices, and enrollment in markets with multiple public and private providers. A randomly selected half of the sample villages (markets) received report cards. This increased test scores by 0.11 standard deviations, decreased private school fees by 17 percent, and increased primary enrollment by 4.5 percent. Heterogeneity in the treatment impact by initial school quality is consistent with canonical models of asymmetric information. Information provision facilitates better comparisons across providers, improves market efficiency and raises child welfare through higher test scores, higher enrollment, and lower fees
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781315794273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 478 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Routledge Handbooks
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Routledge handbook of Islam in the West
    DDC: 200.9
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Muslims ; East and West ; Civilization, Western Islamic influences ; Islam ; Islam History ; Westliche Welt ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europa ; USA ; Westliche Welt ; Islam ; Geschichte ; Islam ; Westliche Welt
    Abstract: pt. 1. History -- pt. 2. Culture.
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464804830 , 9781464804854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (194 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Capital Flows ; Commodities ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Financial Markets ; Global Economy ; Interest Rates ; Low Income Countries ; Oil Prices ; Poverty ; Trade ; US Economy
    Abstract: Global growth is expected to be 2.8 percent in 2015, but is expected to pick up to 3.2 percent in 2016-17. Growth in developing countries and some high-income countries is set to disappoint again this year. The prospect of rising borrowing costs will compound the challenges many developing countries are facing as they adapt to an era of low commodity prices. Risks to this outlook remain tilted to the downside. This edition of Global Economic Prospects includes two Special Features that analyze the policy challenges raised by the two transitions in developing countries: the risks associated with the first U.S. central bank interest rate increase since 2006 and the implications of persistently low commodity prices for low-income countries. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on developing countries, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by developing countries while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464805820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Banking Sector ; Capital Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity Investments ; Health Services ; Inflation ; Interest Rates ; Microfinance ; Natural Resources ; Transition Economies
    Abstract: The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)--collectively known as the World Bank--in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
    Note: Description based on print version record
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Banking Sector ; Capital Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity Investments ; Health Services
    Abstract: El Grupo del Banco Mundial ha establecido objetivos ambiciosos pero alcanzables en torno a los cuales centrara la labor que desarrolla para superar estos desafios historicos. Especificamente, la institucion procurara poner fin a la pobreza extrema en todo el mundo para 2030 y promover la prosperidad compartida en los paises en desarrollo, lo que supondra fomentar el aumento de los ingresos del 40% mas pobre de la poblacion. Se procurara lograr estos objetivos de un modo sostenible en lo ambiental, social y economico, de modo de garantizar que los avances en el desarrollo no afecten el bienestar de las generaciones actuales y futuras. El presente informe anual se centra en las operaciones del Banco Internacional de Reconstruccion y Fomento (BIRF) y la Asociacion Internacional de Fomento (AIF), denominados colectivamente Banco Mundial. Lo invitamos a leer este informe para conocer mas sobre la labor del Banco Mundial, las actividades que desarrolla y los resultados que obtiene en las seis regiones donde trabaja, asi como sus logros en la superacion de la pobreza y la creacion de oportunidades para los habitantes de los paises en desarrollo. The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)-collectively known as the World Bank-in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
    Note: Description based on print version record
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Dang, Hai-Anh H Welfare Dynamics Measurement
    Keywords: 2004 - 2009 ; Armut ; Soziale Mobilität ; Mittelschicht ; Panel ; USA ; Indien ; Vietnam
    Abstract: Little research currently exists on a vulnerability line that distinguishes the poor population from the population that is not poor but that still faces significant risk of falling back into poverty. This paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing vulnerability lines that can be straightforwardly estimated with panel or cross-sectional household survey data, in rich- and poor-country settings. These vulnerability lines offer a means to broaden traditional poverty analysis and can also assist with the identification of the middle class or resilient population groups. Empirical illustrations are provided using panel data from the United States (Panel Study of Income Dynamics) and Vietnam (Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey) for the period 2004-2008 and cross-sectional data from India (National Sample Survey) for the period 2004-2009. The estimation results indicate that in Vietnam and India during this time period, the population living in poverty and the middle class have been falling and expanding, respectively, while the opposite has been occurring in the United States
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9781138666504 , 9780415526319 , 0415526310 , 9780203797716 , 020379771X
    Language: English
    Pages: ix, 262 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Routledge research in terrorism and the law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Boukalas, Christos Homeland security, its law and its state
    DDC: 306.09
    RVK:
    Keywords: Terrorism Prevention ; Law and legislation ; Terrorism Prevention ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Terrorismus ; Bekämpfung ; USA ; USA ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Terrorismus ; Bekämpfung
    Abstract: This book assesses the impact of post-9/11 domestic counterterrorism policy on US political life. It examines political discourse, law, institutional architecture, and state-population relations, and shows that 'homeland security' is a project with wide-ranging implications for democratic institutions and culture. These implications are addressed through a novel approach that treats law and the state as social relations, and relates developments in law to those in the state and in social dynamics. On this basis, the book examines the new political representations in counterterrorism discourse, especially regarding the relation between the state and the population. It examines the form and content of counterterrorism law, the powers it provides, and the structure and functions it prescribes for the state. By focusing on the new Department of Homeland Security and the restructuring of the intelligence apparatus, the book assesses the new, intelligence-led, policing model. Finally, it examines forms of popular support and resistance to homeland security, to discuss citizenship and state-population relations. The author concludes that homeland security has turned the US into a hybrid polity; the legal and political institutions of democracy remain intact, but their content and practices become authoritarian and exclude the population from politics. These legal and political forms remain operative beyond counterterrorism, in the context of the present economic crisis. They are a permanent configuration of power. This book is an indispensable companion for students of (counter-) Terrorism and Security Studies, Politics, Human Rights, Constitutional and Criminal Law, American Studies, and Criminology. -- Provided by publisher
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: homeland security, the US polity and social dynamicsPolitics, the state, and law: a strategic-relational approach -- 11 September 2001: a social, political, and legal charting -- Heralding a new politics: the War on Terror discourse -- A blueprint of power: legislating counterterrorism -- Counterterrorism legislation and the law-form -- The act and the state: implementation, friction, resistance -- Department of Homeland Security and police restructuring -- Total intelligence, intelligence-led policing, 'totalitarian' state? -- The political significance of intelligence: government by experts -- Citizen corps: homeland security citizenship -- Resistance to homeland security -- Repression -- Homeland security: capital in full armour.
    Note: Bibliographie: Seite [222]-251 , Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke , First issued in paperback 2016
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Barattieri, Alessandro The Connection between Wall Street and Main Street
    Keywords: 1952-2009 ; Finanzsektor ; Geldpolitische Transmission ; USA
    Abstract: This paper proposes a measure of the extent to which a financial sector is connected to the real economy. The Measure of Connectedness is a measure of the composition of assets, namely the share of credit to the non-financial sectors over the total credit market instruments. The aggregate Measure of Connectedness for the United States declines by about 27 percent in the period 1952-2009. The authors suggest that this increase in disconnectedness between the financial sector and the real economy may have dampened the sensitivity of the real economy to monetary shocks. They present a stylized model that illustrates how interbank trading can reduce the sensitivity of lending to the entrepreneur's net worth, thereby dampening the credit channel transmission of monetary policy. The Measure of Connectedness is interacted with both a structural vector autoregressive model and a factor-augmented vector autoregressive model for the United States economy. The analysis establishes that the impulse responses to monetary policy shocks are dampened as the level of connection declines
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Fukase, Emiko Export Liberalization, Job Creation and the Skill Premium
    Keywords: Handelsliberalisierung ; Außenhandel mit Industriegütern ; Handelsabkommen ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Qualifikation ; USA ; Vietnam
    Abstract: This paper explores how the expansion of labor-intensive manufacturing exports resulting from the United States-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement in 2001 translated into wages of skilled and unskilled workers and the skill premium in Vietnam through the channel of labor demand. In order to isolate the impacts of trade shock from the effects of other market-oriented reforms, a strategy of exploiting the regional variation in difference in exposure to trade is employed. Using the data on panel individuals from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys of 2002 and 2004, and addressing the issue of endogeneity, the results confirm the existence of a Stolper-Samuelson type effect. That is, those provinces more exposed to the increase in exports experienced relatively larger wage growth for unskilled workers and a decline of (or a smaller increase in) the relative wages of skilled and unskilled workers. During the period 2000-2004, the skill premium increased for Vietnam's economy as a whole in the sample of panel individuals. Thus, the Stolper-Samuelson type effect appears to have mitigated but did not outweigh the impacts of other factors that contributed to the rise in the skill premium
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Melise Jaud Finance, Comparative Advantage, and Resource Allocation
    Keywords: Finanzsektor ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Allokation ; Komparativer Vorteil ; Internationaler Markt ; USA
    Abstract: The authors show that exported products exit the US market sooner if they violate the Heckscher-Ohlin notion of comparative advantage. Crucially, this pattern is stronger when exporting country has a well-developed banking system, measured by a high ratio of bank credit over the GDP. Banks thus push firms away from exports that are facing an uphill battle on a competitive foreign market due to a suboptimal use of the domestic factor endowment. The results imply a disciplining role for bank credit in terminating inefficient trade flows. This constitutes a new channel through which finance improves resource allocation in the real economy
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9780415485364 , 9780415485371
    Language: English
    Pages: XVIII, 331 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 2. edition
    DDC: 306.0973
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1960-2001 ; Religion ; Alltagskultur ; Pop-Kultur ; USA
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group | Abingdon : Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9780203883730
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.5089/050973
    RVK:
    Keywords: Interethnische Herkunft ; Soziale Klasse ; Ethnische Identität ; USA ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: As the racial hierarchy shifts and inequality between Americans widens, it is important to understand the impact of social class on the rapidly growing multiracial population. Multiracial Americans and Social Class is the first book on multiracial Americans to do so and fills a noticeable void in a growing market. In this book, noted scholars examine the impact of social class on the racial identity of multiracial Americans, in highly readable essays, from a range of sociological perspectives. In doing so, they answer the following questions: Who is multiracial? How does class influence racial identity? How does social class status vary among multiracial populations? Do you need to be middle class in order to be an "honorary white"? What is the relationship between social class, culture, and race? How does the influence of social class compare across multiracial backgrounds? What are multiracial Americans' explanations for racial inequality in the United States? Multiracial Americans and Social Class is a key text for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and academics in the fields of sociology, race and ethnic studies, social stratification, race relations, and cultural studies.
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Yeyati, Eduardo Levy Emerging Market Liquidity And Crises
    Keywords: Bid ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Economies ; Emerging Market ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Illiquidity ; Levy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Liquidity ; Markets and Market Access ; Mutual Funds ; Portfolio ; Private Sector Development ; Securities ; Trading ; Trading Costs ; Bid ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Economies ; Emerging Market ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Illiquidity ; Levy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Liquidity ; Markets and Market Access ; Mutual Funds ; Portfolio ; Private Sector Development ; Securities ; Trading ; Trading Costs ; Bid ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Economies ; Emerging Market ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Illiquidity ; Levy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Liquidity ; Markets and Market Access ; Mutual Funds ; Portfolio ; Private Sector Development ; Securities ; Trading ; Trading Costs
    Abstract: Whereas conventional wisdom argues that markets shut down during crises, with sellers struggling to find buyers, we find that markets continue to operate during financial turmoil, even in narrow and volatile emerging economies. Simple event studies indicate that both trading volume and trading costs increase in crisis times. Prices change more with each dollar transacted (pushing the Amihud illiquidity measure up) and bid-ask spreads widen. More generally, econometric estimates show that large price downturns, typical of crises, are associated with higher trading activity and increased trading costs, with trading activity declining only later as crises progress. Thus, while trading activity tends to be negatively related to trading costs during tranquil times (and across securities), this relation appears to break down during crises. These results are consistent with the analytical literature on portfolio rebalancing by heterogeneous agents in times of crises
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Li, Ying Aid Inflows And The Real Effective Exchange Rate In Tanzania
    Keywords: Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depreciation ; Economic Policy ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Export Competitiveness ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; International Competitiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Real Effective Exchange Rate ; Real Exchange Rate ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Movements ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depreciation ; Economic Policy ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Export Competitiveness ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; International Competitiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Real Effective Exchange Rate ; Real Exchange Rate ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Movements ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Depreciation ; Economic Policy ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Export Competitiveness ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; International Competitiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Real Effective Exchange Rate ; Real Exchange Rate ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Movements
    Abstract: Tanzania is well placed to receive a significant increase in aid inflows in coming years. Despite the potential for the additional aid inflows to raise income levels in the country, increasing them may bring about structural changes in the economy that may be unwelcome. One such change is an appreciation of the real exchange rate that leads to a contraction of traditional export sectors and a loss of export competitiveness. This paper employs a reduced-form equilibrium real exchange rate approach to explain movements in Tanzania's real effective exchange in recent decades. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between aid inflows and the real effective exchange rate. The authors find that the long-run behavior of the real effective exchange rate is influenced by terms of trade movements, the government's trade liberalization efforts, and aid inflows. Positive terms-of-trade movements are associated with an appreciation, periods of improving trade liberalization are associated with a depreciation, and increases in aid inflows are associated with a depreciation in the real effective exchange rate. Although the last result is non-standard, it is not empirically unique and does have theoretical underpinnings. A detailed analysis of this relationship over the last decade shows that the Bank of Tanzania's response to aid inflows is likely the main reason for the finding
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard Services Trade And Growth
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Comparative Advantage ; Competitiveness ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; GDP ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Income ; Open Economies ; Per Capita Income ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Structural Change ; Telecommunications ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Comparative Advantage ; Competitiveness ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; GDP ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Income ; Open Economies ; Per Capita Income ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Structural Change ; Telecommunications ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Comparative Advantage ; Competitiveness ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; GDP ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Income ; Open Economies ; Per Capita Income ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Structural Change ; Telecommunications ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: The competitiveness of firms in open economies is increasingly determined by access to low-cost and high-quality producer services - telecommunications, transport and distribution services, financial intermediation, etc. This paper discusses the role of services in economic growth, focusing in particular on channels through which openness to trade in services may increase productivity at the level of the economy as a whole, industries and the firm. The authors explore what recent empirical work suggests could be done to enhance comparative advantage in the production and export of services and how to design policy reforms to open services markets to greater foreign participation in a way that ensures not just greater efficiency but also greater equity in terms of access to services
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Goni, Edwin Fiscal Redistribution And Income Inequality In Latin America
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effective tax rates ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Indirect taxation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Tax ; Tax collection ; Tax incidence ; Tax rate ; Tax rates ; Tax revenue ; Tax revenues ; Tax system ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effective tax rates ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Indirect taxation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Tax ; Tax collection ; Tax incidence ; Tax rate ; Tax rates ; Tax revenue ; Tax revenues ; Tax system ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effective tax rates ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Indirect taxation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Tax ; Tax collection ; Tax incidence ; Tax rate ; Tax rates ; Tax revenue ; Tax revenues ; Tax system ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: Income inequality in Latin America ranks among the highest in the world. It can be traced back to the unequal distribution of assets (especially land and education) in the region. But the extent to which asset inequality translates into income inequality depends on the redistributive capacity of the state. This paper documents the performance of Latin American fiscal systems from the perspective of income redistribution using newly-available information on the incidence of taxes and transfers across the region. The findings indicate that: (i) the differences in income inequality before taxes and transfers between Latin America and Western Europe are much more modest than those after taxes and transfers; (ii) the key reason is that, in contrast with industrial countries, in most Latin American countries the fiscal system is of little help in reducing income inequality; and (iii) in countries where fiscal redistribution is significant, it is achieved mostly through transfers rather than taxes. These facts stress the need for fiscal reforms across the region to further the goal of social equity. However, different countries need to place different relative emphasis on raising tax collection, restructuring the tax system, and improving the targeting of expenditures
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (41 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Brunner, Gregory Risk-Based Supervision of Pension Funds
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Systems, International Bank, investment risk, Pension, pension fund, Pension Funds, pension systems, pensions, risk management, supervision of banks ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Labor Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Systems, International Bank, investment risk, Pension, pension fund, Pension Funds, pension systems, pensions, risk management, supervision of banks ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Labor Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Systems, International Bank, investment risk, Pension, pension fund, Pension Funds, pension systems, pensions, risk management, supervision of banks ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation ; Labor Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This paper provides a review of the design and experience of risk-based pension fund supervision in several countries that have been leaders in the development of these methods. The utilization of risk-based methods originates primarily in the supervision of banks. In recent years it has increasingly been extended to other types of financial intermediaries including pension funds and insurers. The trend toward risk-based supervision of pensions is closely associated with movement toward the integration of pension supervision with that of banking and other financial services into a single national authority. Although similar in concept to the techniques developed in banking, the application to pension funds has required modifications, particularly for defined contribution funds that transfer investment risk to fund members. The countries examined provide a range of experiences that illustrate both the diversity of pension systems and approaches to risk-based supervision, but also a commonality of the focus on sound risk management and effective supervisory outcomes. The paper provides a description of pension supervision in Australia, Denmark, Mexico and the Netherlands, and an initial evaluation of the results achieved in relation to the underlying objectives
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Vittas, Dimitri A Short Note On The ATP Fund of Denmark
    Keywords: Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Euro markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Systems ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment policies ; Labor Market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mutual Funds ; Pension ; Pension fund ; Pension funds ; Pensions and Retirement Systems ; Private Sector Development ; Returns ; Social Protections and Labor ; Swaps ; Tax ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Euro markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Systems ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment policies ; Labor Market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mutual Funds ; Pension ; Pension fund ; Pension funds ; Pensions and Retirement Systems ; Private Sector Development ; Returns ; Social Protections and Labor ; Swaps ; Tax ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Euro markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Systems ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment policies ; Labor Market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mutual Funds ; Pension ; Pension fund ; Pension funds ; Pensions and Retirement Systems ; Private Sector Development ; Returns ; Social Protections and Labor ; Swaps ; Tax
    Abstract: The Danish ATP (Arbejdmarkedets TillaegsPension or Labor Market Supplementary Pension) fund is a public pension fund that was created in 1964 to complement the universal pension benefit that is financed from general tax revenues and is paid to all old-age residents. When it was created, participation in ATP was compulsory on most working people. But over the last decade or so compulsory coverage has been expanded to most recipients of transfer income. Contribution amounts are set in absolute terms, but are low relative to earnings (less than 1 percent of average earnings). ATP has benefited from scale economies and compulsory worker participation and has been able to operate with high efficiency and low costs. Its investment performance has been uneven over the years, reflecting the applied investment policies and rules as well as prevailing financial conditions. In recent years, it has been a leader among Danish pension institutions in adopting innovative investment policies and has enjoyed an enviable record of high investment returns and low operating costs. In addition, it has long offered deferred group annuities with guaranteed benefits and periodic bonuses (with profits policies). However, ATP also suffers from several weaknesses and shortcomings. It has a cumbersome governance structure, rooted in labor market relations and the role of social partners, while its group annuities have been based on rather 'idiosyncratic' risk-sharing arrangements. Nevertheless, it took the lead in using long-dated interest-rate swaps in euro markets and recently created a department that specializes in hedging its pension liabilities. And it is in the process of adopting a new plan for guaranteed benefits that aims to enhance the management of both investment and longevity risks
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Francisco, Manuela Measuring The Performance And Achievement of Social Objectives of Development Finance Institutions
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Demand for credit ; Development Finance ; Development Finance Institutions ; Development finance institution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial intermediaries ; Financial sector development ; International Bank ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social welfare ; Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Demand for credit ; Development Finance ; Development Finance Institutions ; Development finance institution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial intermediaries ; Financial sector development ; International Bank ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social welfare ; Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Demand for credit ; Development Finance ; Development Finance Institutions ; Development finance institution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial intermediaries ; Financial sector development ; International Bank ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social welfare
    Abstract: This paper develops and tests a proposed methodology that puts forward a new integrated method for evaluating the performance of development finance institutions. This methodology applies assessment criteria that take into account both the social objective that the development finance institution addresses and the subsidies it received in order to achieve such an objective. This methodology is applied to two pilot case studies-Banadesa (Honduras) and Banrural (Guatemala). The authors calculate the previously tested subsidy dependence index, which measures the degree of an institution's subsidy dependence. The paper develops and estimates a new measure-the output index- which indicates the level to which the institution fulfills the social objectives of the state. The analysis integrates the subsidy dependence index and the output index to assess the effectiveness associated with meeting the social objective. The findings suggest that the integration of the two indexes can constitute the basis of a meaningful evaluation framework for the performance of development finance institutions. This new methodology can also be a useful metric for policy makers who are seeking to decide on an optimal allocation of scarce funds for development finance institutions that pursue social goals and for management that seeks improved performance outcomes
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dollar, David Lessons From China For Africa
    Keywords: Auto industry ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Driving ; Emerging Markets ; Environmental regulations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Infrastructure finance ; Infrastructure investment ; Pollution ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Rail ; Roads ; Tax ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Trip ; Auto industry ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Driving ; Emerging Markets ; Environmental regulations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Infrastructure finance ; Infrastructure investment ; Pollution ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Rail ; Roads ; Tax ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Trip ; Auto industry ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Driving ; Emerging Markets ; Environmental regulations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Infrastructure finance ; Infrastructure investment ; Pollution ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Rail ; Roads ; Tax ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Trip
    Abstract: China has been the most successful developing country in this modern era of globalization. Since initiating economic reform after 1978, its economy has expanded at a steady rate over 8 percent per capita, fueling historically unprecedented poverty reduction (the poverty rate declined from over 60 percent to 7 percent in 2007). Other developing countries struggling to grow and reduce poverty are naturally interested in what has been the source of this impressive growth and what, if any, lessons they can take from China. This paper focuses on four features of modern China that have changed significantly between the pre-reform period and today. The Chinese themselves call their reform program Gai Ge Kai Feng, "change the system, open the door." "Change the system" means altering incentives and ownership, that is, shifting the economy from near total state ownership to one in which private enterprise is dominant. "Open the door" means exactly what it says, liberalizing trade and direct investment. A third lesson is the development of high-quality infrastructure: China's good roads, reliable power, world-class ports, and excellent cell phone coverage throughout the country are apparent to any visitor. What is less well known is that most of this infrastructure has been developed through a policy of "cost recovery" that prices infrastructure services at levels sufficient to finance the capital cost as well as operations and maintenance. A fourth important lesson is China's careful attention to agriculture and rural development, complemented by rural-urban migration
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Aminian, Nathalie Integration of Markets Vs. Integration By Agreements
    Keywords: Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Policy ReseaRch ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Agreements ; Regional integration ; Regional trade ; Regional trade agreements ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade policy ; Treaties ; World Trade Organization ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Policy ReseaRch ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Agreements ; Regional integration ; Regional trade ; Regional trade agreements ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade policy ; Treaties ; World Trade Organization ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; International Bank ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Policy ReseaRch ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Agreements ; Regional integration ; Regional trade ; Regional trade agreements ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Trade policy ; Treaties ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the two channels of regional integration: integration via markets and integration via agreements. Given that East Asia and Latin America are two fertile regions where both forms of integrations have taken place, the authors examine the experiences of these two areas. There are four related results. First, East Asia had been integrating via markets long before formal agreements were in vogue in the region. Latin America, by contrast, has primarily used formal regional trade treaties as the main channel of integration. Second, despite the relative lack of formal regional trade treaties until recently, East Asia is more integrated among itself than Latin America. Third, from a purely economic and trade standpoint, the proper sequence of integrations seems to be first integrating via markets and subsequently via formal regional trade agreements. Fourth, regional trade agreements often serve multiple constituents. The reason why integrating via markets first can be helpful is because this can give stronger political bargaining power to the outward-looking economic-oriented forces within the country
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (73 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Rutherford, Thomas Regional Household And Poverty Effects of Russia's Accession To The World Trade Organization
    Keywords: Constant returns to scale ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gross domestic product ; Imperfect competition ; Income ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Open economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Constant returns to scale ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gross domestic product ; Imperfect competition ; Income ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Open economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Constant returns to scale ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gross domestic product ; Imperfect competition ; Income ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Open economy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; WTO ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: This paper develops a seven-region comparative static computable general equilibrium model of Russia to assess the impact of accession to the World Trade Organization on these seven regions (the federal okrugs) of Russia. In order to assess poverty and distributional impacts, the model includes ten households in each of the seven federal okrugs, where household data are taken from the Household Budget Survey of Rosstat. The model allows for foreign direct investment in business services and endogenous productivity effects from additional varieties of business services and goods, which the analysis shows are crucial to the results. National welfare gains are about 4.5 percent of gross domestic product in the model, but in a constant returns to scale model they are only 0.1 percent. All deciles of the population in all seven federal okrugs can be expected to significantly gain from Russian World Trade Organization accession, but due to the capacity of their regions to attract foreign direct investment, households in the Northwest region gain the most, followed by households in the Far East and Volga regions. Households in Siberia and the Urals gain the least. Distribution impacts within regions are rather flat for the first nine deciles; but the richest decile of the population in the three regions that attract a lot of foreign investment gains significantly more than the other nine representative households in those regions
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Breceda, Karla Latin America And The Social Contract
    Keywords: Economic Theory and Research ; Economic performance ; Emerging Markets ; Housing ; Housing subsidies ; Income taxes ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public resources ; Public spending ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Tax ; Tax revenues ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic performance ; Emerging Markets ; Housing ; Housing subsidies ; Income taxes ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public resources ; Public spending ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Tax ; Tax revenues ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic performance ; Emerging Markets ; Housing ; Housing subsidies ; Income taxes ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public resources ; Public spending ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Tax ; Tax revenues ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper presents an incidence analysis of both social spending and taxation for seven Latin American countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The analysis shows that Latin American countries are headed de facto toward a minimalist welfare state similar to the one in the United States, rather than toward a stronger, European-like welfare state. Specifically, both in Latin America and in the United States, social spending remains fairly flat across income quintiles. On the taxation side, high income inequality causes the rich to bear most of the taxation burden. This causes a vicious cycle where the rich oppose the expansion of the welfare state (as they bear most of its burden without receiving much back), which in turn maintains long-term inequalities. The recent increased socioeconomic instability in many Latin American countries shows nonetheless a real need for a stronger welfare state, which, if unanswered, may degenerate into short-term and unsustainable policies. The case of Chile suggests that a way out from this apparent dead end can be found, as elites may be willing to raise their contribution to social spending if this can lead to a more stable social contract
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