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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,422)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
  • Environment  (2,291)
  • Electronic books  (930)
  • Amtsdruckschrift  (902)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report : inclusive framework on BEPS: action 14 (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Renewable Power Infrastructure (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264912564 , 9789264753297 , 9789264675803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energieinfrastruktur ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: As countries scale up climate action, they face the challenge of expanding renewable power while tackling biodiversity loss. Transitioning away from fossil fuels can reduce climate-related pressure on biodiversity, but brings its own risks. Unless carefully managed, the expansion of renewable power could compromise biodiversity. This report synthesises evidence on biodiversity impacts from renewable power infrastructure, with a focus on solar power, wind power and power lines. It identifies opportunities for mainstreaming biodiversity into power sector planning and policy to deliver better outcomes for nature and the climate. Drawing on good practice insights from across the globe, the report offers governments recommendations to align renewable power expansion with biodiversity goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/357ac474-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taming wildfires in the context of climate change: The case of the United States (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Brandschutz ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/ef69cc94-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reaching Climate Neutrality for the Hamburg Economy by 2040 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Abstract: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1e44672-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clean Energy Finance and Investment Roadmap of the Philippines (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264567634 , 9789264940802 , 9789264710153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Bauinstallation ; Philippinen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In recent years, the Philippines has increased its commitment to climate action and its efforts to decarbonise the domestic economy. The power sector in the Philippines accounts for 58% of the country’s overall carbon emissions and will be an important driver of domestic emission reduction efforts to meet national climate and energy targets. Renewables, such as offshore wind, are expected to play a key role in the transition toward a low-carbon energy mix. With more than 17 thousand kilometres of coastline, the Philippines is estimated to have an offshore wind potential of 178 GW. However, this potential has yet to be leveraged. Alongside a changing power sector, progress on energy efficiency is needed to achieve the country’s emission reduction goals, with energy savings estimated at approximately 2% annually for the residential and commercial sectors. To deliver a clean energy transition, the Philippines requires estimated cumulative investments of over USD 300 billion between now and 2040. This report outlines key actions needed to unlock finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date and the challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, assist the Philippines transition towards a low-carbon economy, and achieve broader development goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a13719d-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental domain tagging in the OECD PINE database (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.232
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This paper presents tagging methodologies for 22 environmental domains in the OECD Policy INstruments for the Environment (PINE) database, including seven domains on environmental protection (air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, solid waste, ozone layer, noise and radiation), six domains on natural resource management (fisheries, forests, freshwater, renewable energy, fossil fuels and minerals) and nine cross-cutting domains (climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, land degradation, biodiversity, ocean, chemicals management, energy efficiency, circular economy and mercury). The environmental domains in the PINE database support tracking progress towards domestic and international environmental objectives. Tagging environmental domains allows harmonised comparisons across countries, years and policy instrument types.
    DOI: 10.1787/be984b0a-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving public sector capacity-strengthening support for small island developing states (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.69
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Australia ; Bahamas ; Barbados ; Belize ; Canada ; Cape Verde ; Comoros ; Cook Islands ; Cuba ; Dominica ; Dominican Republic ; Fiji ; Grenada ; Guinea-Bissau ; Guyana ; Haiti ; Jamaica ; Maldives ; Marshall Islands ; Mauritius ; Micronesia, Federated States of ; Nauru ; New Zealand ; Niue ; Palau ; Papua New Guinea ; Saint Kitts and Nevis ; Saint Lucia ; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ; Samoa ; Sao Tome and Principe ; Seychelles ; Singapore ; Solomon Islands ; Suriname ; Timor-Leste ; Tonga ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Tuvalu ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Vanuatu
    Abstract: Given the fast pace of global socio-economic development, more tailored, focused, and localised efforts to strengthen public sector capacity in small island developing states (SIDS) is increasingly important. SIDS have unique vulnerabilities, rich histories and contexts, and strengths that can be harnessed for sustainable development. Development partners need to adapt how they provide capacity-strengthening support, taking individual SIDS’ circumstances and needs into account to better help them achieve their ambitions. This report summarises perspectives from small island developing states (SIDS) on current experiences and opportunities to improve capacity-strengthening support to make it more tailored, impactful, and sustainable. The report uses the broad definition of capacity-strengthening as activities that improve the competencies and abilities of individuals, organisations, and broader formal and informal social structures in a way that boosts organisational performance. It concentrates on public sector capacity, including interactions with other stakeholders across sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/aec0effa-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
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    Making the grass greener : The role of firm’s financial and managerial capacity in paving the way for the green transition (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1791
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Despite the ambitious carbon reduction targets set by policy makers worldwide, current investments fall well short of the net-zero emissions scenario. This paper analyses the factors holding back corporate green investment, with a particular focus on the role of firm capacity – specifically financing constraints and weak green management practices – and its interaction with environmental policy. Combining a variety of econometric techniques, including panel data models, difference-in-differences settings and instrumental variable approaches, our cross-country analysis on large listed companies shows that: i) both financing constraints and a lack of green managerial capacity reduce firms’ probability of investing in green technologies, leading to higher emission intensity; ii) well-designed environmental policies can mitigate these impacts. A case study using more granular data on Portuguese firms further shows that: iii) green investment is more elastic to financing conditions than other types of investment; iv) investment in integrated technologies is more sensitive to financing conditions and to managerial capacity compared to end-of-pipe solutions. Lastly, the paper discusses a wide range of policy options that may be considered to foster the green transition through upgrading firms’ capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/cdffe7eb-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
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    Rethinking education in the context of climate change : Leverage points for transformative change (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.307
    Keywords: Education ; Environment
    Abstract: State-of-the-art scientific evidence shows that our planet is approaching several environmental and climate tipping points faster than previously expected. This means that the international community is facing a rapidly closing window of opportunity to achieve profound transformations across sectors, systems and mindsets to secure a sustainable and liveable future. What is the role of education system in enabling social change at the massive scale and pace needed for climate change mitigation? And what policy levers can they employ to build resilience and adapt to environmental challenges? This paper explores ways to rethink educational approaches in the context of climate change, focussing primarily on school education, while exploring links to other levels of education. It looks specifically at strategies to restructure foundational science education and cross-curricular learning, zooms in on the potential of place-based approaches in empowering learners for action, and concludes by identifying policy levers to increase education system resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/f14c8a81-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
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    Scaling Hydrogen Financing for Development (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264761131
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report on scaling up clean hydrogen financing provides a unique and in-depth proposal to transform ideas into attractive investment projects. It highlights how policy and financial risk mitigation mechanisms play a critical role in slashing the funding gap and reducing the cost of hydrogen generation. The findings promise to boost clean hydrogen lighthouse projects to revolutionize this multi-billion-dollar industry, so that emerging markets and developing countries can successfully participate in this nascent sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/0287b22e-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
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    Nature-based solutions for flood management in Asia and the Pacific (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.351
    Keywords: Environment ; Development ; Bangladesh ; Bhutan ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; China, People’s Republic ; Fiji ; India ; Indonesia ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Nepal ; Pakistan ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Sri Lanka ; Tajikistan ; Thailand ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Countries in Asia and the Pacific face a heightened risk of flooding as disasters increase worldwide due to climate change. Yet these countries often lack the infrastructure necessary to prepare for and respond to floods effectively. When flood protection measures exist, they generally rely only on grey, hard-engineered infrastructure, which has been increasingly challenged in recent years. Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer a new approach for flood management, with several co-benefits beyond the reduction of risks. This approach has gained recognition from policy makers in the region, but they are confronted with a number of challenges, including the lack of a clear, common definition and guidelines, as well as financing issues. The growing imperatives of climate adaptation call for complementary, innovative and forward-looking solutions, such as a combined approach incorporating both NbS and grey infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/f4c7bcbe-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 12
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Chile 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264350137 , 9789264734975 , 9789264539778
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile has made important strides on its environmental agenda in recent years with the passage of the Framework Law on Climate Change, the establishment of the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Service and the ratification of the Escazú Agreement. However, the country has made limited progress in decoupling environmental pressures from economic growth. Greenhouse gas emissions have continued to rise and the country is not on track to reach its legally binding target of net zero by 2050. Chile is well-positioned to achieve its targets for biodiversity, while air pollution remains a serious public health challenge and waste management relies heavily on landfilling. Chile is facing a severe and deepening water crisis that requires concerted action to improve water allocation and water quality, and to strengthen water governance. The review provides 36 recommendations to help Chile improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on water management and policies. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Chile. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance since the previous review in 2016.
    DOI: 10.1787/5bc65d36-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
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    OECD Secretary-General Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors on the Work of the Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (Brazil, February 2024) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This report presents developments of the work of the Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA) to the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, and reflect on the IFCMA’s achievements one year on from its launch in February 2023.
    DOI: 10.1787/77e97c92-en
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  • 14
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    Towards Greener and More Inclusive Societies in Southeast Asia (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264787384 , 9789264945609 , 9789264976702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Keywords: Energy ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Indonesia ; Philippines ; Thailand ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Over 100 million workers in Southeast Asia have jobs that are directly or closely linked to the environment, making them vulnerable to climate change impacts. These same workers likely earn at least 20% lower than the national average and are largely in informal employment. The region’s necessary transition towards greener growth could affect them in several ways: some sectors will create jobs and others will lose jobs or disappear altogether. Understanding the effects of both climate change and green growth policies on jobs and people is thus essential for making the transition in Southeast Asia an inclusive one. The study explores these issues, with emphasis on the potential effects on labour of an energy transition in Indonesia, and of a transition in the region’s agricultural sector, illustrated by a simulated conversion from conventional to organic rice farming.
    DOI: 10.1787/294ce081-en
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  • 15
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    Cartographie des efforts des secteurs public et privé pour assurer une transition juste (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l’OCDE sur le bien-être, l’inclusion et l’égalité des chances no.9
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Unpacking public and private efforts on just transition
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: De plus en plus, l’accent est mis sur les risques auxquels les individus, les entreprises et les pouvoirs publics sont confrontés (qui, par exemple, affectent leur bien-être ainsi que leurs conditions matérielles ou leur situation financière fondamentale) et sur les dommages qui se manifestent. On constate néanmoins une certaine hétérogénéité dans la manière dont les pays et les entreprises structurent et déploient leurs efforts, négligeant parfois de fixer des objectifs communs ou harmonisés ou d’établir des indicateurs cohérents permettant d’évaluer leur impact sur l’environnement et la société. L’établissement d’une sémantique commune sur le concept de transition juste et une solide compréhension de ses activités par les pouvoirs publics et les entreprises permettraient d'évaluer l'ampleur du problème. Cette synthèse donne un aperçu de certaines pratiques positives afin d'encourager d'autres à se lancer et fournit un point de référence pour mesurer les actions futures.
    DOI: 10.1787/79ff43a3-fr
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  • 16
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    OECD Agenda for Transformative Science, Technology and Innovation Policies (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.164
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Multiple crises are triggering turbulence, instability and insecurity in contemporary societies, with impacts on economies, the environment, politics, and global affairs. An effective response will require governments to be more ambitious and act with greater urgency in their science, technology and innovation (STI) policies to meet global challenges. Sustained investments and greater directionality in research and innovation activities are needed, and these should coincide with a reappraisal of STI systems and STI policies to ensure they are “fit-for-purpose” to contribute to transformative change agendas. This policy paper provides a framework to support governments in making these assessments. It identifies six STI policy orientations for transformative change that should guide these assessments. It applies these orientations across multiple areas of STI policy, including R&D funding, the research and innovation workforce, and international R&D co-operation, and outlines a series of concrete policy actions STI policymakers can take to accelerate transformative change.
    DOI: 10.1787/ba2aaf7b-en
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  • 17
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    Des infrastructures pour un avenir résilient face au changement climatique (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264662711 , 9789264371880 , 9789264533493
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (205 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Infrastructure for a Climate-Resilient Future
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport fournit une vue d'ensemble des effets du changement climatique sur les infrastructures et des principaux domaines dans lesquels les pouvoirs publics peuvent intervenir pour les rendre plus résilientes. Y sont examinées les avancées obtenues et les lacunes à combler dans la planification et le développement des infrastructures tout au long de leur cycle de vie pour intégrer la résilience climatique, ainsi que la question de savoir comment favoriser cette intégration par une approche territoriale. L’analyse porte également sur la manière de renforcer la prise de conscience et la compréhension des risques climatiques et d’en imposer la prise en compte dans toutes les décisions de financement et d'investissement, à l’aide de normes et d’instruments financiers qui intègrent l'adaptation et la résilience climatiques. Les solutions fondées sur la nature occupent une place particulière dans le rapport, qui donne des pistes pour en tirer parti efficacement, au service de la résilience climatique. Il est également reconnu que le développement économique des pays en développement suppose d’accorder une attention mondiale aux besoins qui leur sont propres ainsi que de renforcer le soutien et les partenariats internationaux. Ces travaux apportent des éléments utiles sur l’action à mener et plaident pour que les responsables de l’élaboration des politiques nationales et infranationales adoptent une approche de la résilience fondée sur une gouvernance pluri-niveaux, en travaillant avec les propriétaires et les exploitants d'infrastructures pour soutenir la prise de décision.
    DOI: 10.1787/464404b3-fr
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  • 18
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    Vers des indicateurs de l’intensité carbone des produits plus granulaires, plus précis et disponibles plus rapidement : Note exploratoire (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Towards more accurate, timely, and granular product-level carbon intensity metrics: A scoping note
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: La présente note exploratoire propose une vue d’ensemble, de haut niveau, des principales approches utilisées pour le calcul des indicateurs de l’intensité carbone au niveau des produits et des secteurs ainsi que des difficultés rencontrées, notamment en ce qui concerne la collecte et la vérification des informations dans l’ensemble de la chaîne logistique. Bien que l’analyse porte essentiellement sur les approches utilisées dans les secteurs à forte intensité d’émissions et exposés aux échanges commerciaux (FIEEEC), les conclusions peuvent aussi être plus largement pertinentes dans d’autres secteurs. Dans cette analyse, les difficultés liées au calcul des indicateurs de l’intensité carbone au niveau des secteurs seront prises en compte, en particulier eu égard au fait que ces indicateurs peuvent servir eux-mêmes à la construction des indicateurs au niveau des produits.
    DOI: 10.1787/4dd6c948-fr
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  • 19
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    Towards more accurate, timely, and granular product-level carbon intensity metrics : A scoping note (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches Papers no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers des indicateurs de l’intensité carbone des produits plus granulaires, plus précis et disponibles plus rapidement : Note exploratoire
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This scoping note presents a high-level overview of the main approaches to, and challenges faced when, calculating product-level carbon intensity metrics, including those applicable to collecting and verifying information across the supply chain. Though the analysis focuses on approaches used in emissions-intensive trade-exposed sectors (EITE), the findings also have broader relevance to other sectors. As part of the analysis, challenges relating to computing sector-level carbon intensity metrics are also considered, particularly as inputs to product-level metrics.
    DOI: 10.1787/4de3422f-en
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  • 20
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    Ensuring policy coherence through better policy development, co-ordination and stakeholder participation in Romania (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.46
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Romania
    Abstract: Policy coherence relies on the development of strategic plans, the availability and use of relevant evidence and data, the right set of skills across the public administration, political commitment, and leadership. Effective policy coherence cannot be achieved without good co-ordination, which relies on sound co-ordination mechanisms, such as interministerial committees or councils, as well as information-sharing tools. The legitimacy and coherence of public policy is also grounded in the support that a government has from stakeholders and citizens. This policy paper offers a tailored policy framework for Romania that builds further on the other outputs of the TSI project “Enhancing Policy Coherence, Transparency, and Co-ordination at the Centre of Government in Romania”. It includes tailored and actionable tools for improving policy coherence across government by strengthening policy development, co-ordination, and stakeholder participation.
    DOI: 10.1787/a9d50cc9-en
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  • 21
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    Green Budgeting in OECD Countries 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264859593 , 9789264719675 , 9789264499959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of green budgeting practices across OECD countries based on the 2022 OECD Green Budgeting Survey, as well as the index methodology for the Survey. It takes stock of OECD countries’ progress in bringing climate and environmental considerations into budgeting frameworks and processes. Green budgeting involves a systematic approach across all stages of the budget process, including financial reporting and budget oversight. The growth in green budgeting in OECD countries, as shown in the report, demonstrates the key role of budget offices in ensuring that policy priorities relating to climate change and the environment are taken into account when allocating resources through the budget process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9aea61f0-en
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  • 22
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    Co-ordination of green policies at the centre of government in Romania (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.45
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Romania
    Abstract: This policy paper analyses the institutional mechanisms in place and under preparation in Romania to steer and co-ordinate policy development and action priorities relating to climate change. It also reviews the risks and opportunities for the newly created co-ordination mechanisms within the centre of government in this policy area, looks at how the co-ordination mechanisms for greening of the economy align with existing governance frameworks in terms of mandate, and discusses lessons learned from the framework for sustainable development. Drawing upon extensive consultations and peer input from OECD countries, this policy paper offers tailored recommendations for enhancing green governance in Romania.
    DOI: 10.1787/86439554-en
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    GHG Emission Trends and Targets (GETT) : Harmonised quantification methodology and indicators (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.230
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Paris Agreement maps out a path for internationally coordinated efforts to curb global warming. At the centre of the Paris Agreement are Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) that establish countries’ plans to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as adapt to the impacts of climate change. However, mitigation contributions defined in NDCs are different across countries in terms of target types, coverage of sectors and gases. This makes it challenging to assess progress on mitigation commitments. To complement the UNFCCC efforts, and facilitate the evaluation and monitoring of targets, this paper develops a methodology that harmonises countries’ 2030 mitigation targets in physical units and provide clarity on sector and gas coverage. The results are used to develop the GHG Emission Trends and Targets (GETT) indicators for non-EU countries and the EU-27 covered under the International Programme for Action on Climate (IPAC). The GETT indicators support the analyses of emissions' trajectories by describing historical GHG emission trends and comparing them to NDC emission targets, considering various reference years and indicators, including emissions intensity per capita or per unit of GDP.
    DOI: 10.1787/decef216-en
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  • 24
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    Digital Technologies for Better Enforcement of Waste Regulation and Elimination of Waste Crime (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.234
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Waste crimes create social and economic issues. Offenders commit crime due to either a lack of awareness of waste law or the belief that there is a low risk of being caught and punished. OECD countries are using digital tools to improve their use of resources with the aim to promote compliance and detect violation of waste law. This paper reviews the types of waste crimes, their motivations, and opportunities for governments to use digital tools for their enforcement efforts. It finds that governments have thus far mainly focused on digitalising their data collection and their exchange of information with the public and partners. Further application of digital tools can improve the connection of these tools and test predictive analytical tools such as artificial intelligence systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/6739f625-en
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  • 25
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    Extended Producer Responsibility : Basic facts and key principles (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.41
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach that makes producers responsible for their products along the entire lifecycle, including at the post-consumer stage. This policy paper summarises the current consensus on the EPR policy approach. By taking stock of what's known and well established in the literature, it aims to foster a common understanding of the EPR approach and to provide guiding principles for its successful implementation. This paper makes a valuable contribution to an increasing number of policy debates and processes that are ongoing, both at national and international levels, in areas such as plastics, electric and electronic waste and textiles.
    DOI: 10.1787/67587b0b-en
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  • 26
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    Fertile Futures : Scenario Analysis on the Interconnected Dynamics of Fertiliser and Agricultural Markets (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.207
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Fertilisers are crucial components of food systems, with impacts beyond agricultural markets. This study utilises the OECD-FAO Aglink-Cosimo model to examine the intricate interplay between fertiliser markets, policies, and their repercussions on agricultural markets, food security, and environmental sustainability over the medium term. Two distinct scenario analyses reveal significant insights. The first scenario shows that while short-term disruptions in fertiliser supply can be mitigated by existing stocks, prolonged deficits will increase global food prices by up to 6%, posing long-term threats to agriculture. In the second scenario, the removal of fertiliser subsidies in India leads to reduced domestic use, resulting in decreased agricultural production and exports coupled with increased imports. Although this will cause a modest 0.8% increase in global food prices, it will substantially cut agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by 7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, highlighting the pivotal role of domestic policies in attaining global environmental sustainability goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1606a57-en
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  • 27
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    Infrastructure for a Climate-Resilient Future (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264762138 , 9789264698642 , 9789264315471
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Des infrastructures pour un avenir résilient face au changement climatique
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the impacts of climate change on infrastructure , and key policy areas to be considered to render infrastructure more resilient. It discusses advances and persisting gaps in planning and developing infrastructure across its lifecycle to build in climate resilience and how this can be fostered by place-based approach. The report explores how climate risk awareness and understanding can be strengthened and become a norm for all financing and investment decisions, through standards and financial instruments that integrate climate adaptation and resilience. It includes a spotlight on nature-based solutions and offers insights on how nature can be harnessed as a cost-effective measure to build climate resilience. The report also recognises the specific needs of developing countries as requiring global attention for economic development and through strengthened international partnerships and support. Key policy insights are provided and advocate for national and subnational policy-makers to adopt a multi-level governance approach to resilience, working with infrastructure owners and operators to support decision-making.
    DOI: 10.1787/a74a45b0-en
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  • 28
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    Monitoring trade in plastic waste and scrap (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.233
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Global trade in plastic waste and scrap declined further (2017-2022) in 2022. The combined trade surplus of OECD Member Countries (i.e. the difference between exports and imports) continued to decrease. Less plastic waste and scrap is being exported by OECD countries to non-OECD countries, however some countries still export substantial volumes to non-OECD countries. Particularly several non-OECD south-east Asian countries remain large export destinations. Trade between OECD countries has increased. The value and composition of plastic waste and scrap exports in 2021 suggests that more high value and easy to recycle plastic waste was traded. Some volume of plastics waste is likely transformed into a “fuel” via mechanical and chemical processing and subsequently shipped as Processed Engineered Fuel (PEF) or Refuse-Derived Fuels (RDF), broadly categorised under HS 3825. There was an increase in this trade mostly between OECD countries in 2021. The trade regime remains dynamic with new export destinations emerging, which deserve further monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/013bcfdd-en
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  • 29
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    A Roadmap towards Circular Economy of Albania (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264585218 , 9789264443174 , 9789264796232
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Albania
    Abstract: This roadmap aims to assist the Albanian government in establishing robust policy foundations for a successful circular economy transition. As an EU candidate country, Albania has committed to align with European climate objectives by endorsing the Sofia Declaration on the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, with the circular economy transition being its key component. Recognising the prominent role of this transition in both national and regional development and proactively addressing the challenges posed by increasing climate change vulnerabilities, reliance on imported raw materials and increased waste, Albania is now poised for a strategic framework followed by concrete actions to embark on this transformative journey. Informed by a comprehensive diagnostic of Albania’s circular economy landscape, the roadmap strategically integrates existing policy initiatives, fostering synergies across sectors, measures and actors involved in this transformation. Highlighting three key areas where circular economy policies can have a significant impact in Albania – economic instruments, circular business models for SMEs and targeted solutions for plastics, with a focus on marine litter – the roadmap unveils 35 policy recommendations. These recommendations, supported by a monitoring framework, should serve as a cornerstone for propelling Albania towards a more sustainable and circular future.
    DOI: 10.1787/8c970fdc-en
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  • 30
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    Eight lessons learned from comparing ocean economy measurement strategies across countries (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Many ocean economic activities are not readily visible in official statistics, hindering policymakers' access to crucial information for decision making. The OECD ocean economy measurement project aims to address this by aligning ocean economy statistics with broader economic data and ensuring international consistency. This paper compares the measurement strategies of eight OECD member countries using principles from the system of national accounts. It also highlights the ocean economy thematic accounts of four countries and summarises their methods. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating ocean economy measurements with national accounting standards, a vital step for improving the evidence base for ocean policymaking.
    DOI: 10.1787/1cb42a67-en
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  • 31
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Slovak Republic 2024 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264969551 , 9789264465589 , 9789264605091
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: The Slovak Republic has reduced some environmental pressures over the past decade. However, it needs to do more to reduce air pollution, improve waste and wastewater treatment and move towards carbon neutrality. Since 2011, the country has taken important steps to improve its biodiversity policy. Slovakia needs to now align its strategy with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. Most species and habitats are in an unfavourable state and biodiversity considerations are not sufficiently integrated into sectoral policies. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the Slovak Republic. It provides an evidence-based assessment of the country's progress towards its environmental goals over the past decade. The 29 recommendations aim to help Slovakia improve its environmental performance, giving special focus to biodiversity and forests in the context of climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/108238e8-en
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  • 32
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    Fostering Catastrophe Bond Markets in Asia and the Pacific (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264407848 , 9789264352001 , 9789264803077
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: As climate change increases exposure to natural disasters, countries need new solutions to mitigate risks of natural hazards. For many in Asia and the Pacific, mobilising existing resources is not enough: they need to consider a grand design of disaster risk financing strategies. Catastrophe bonds (CAT bonds) can be an effective, market-based financing tool for the region. While the global CAT bond market has grown steadily since the 1990s, it remains weakly developed in Asia and the Pacific. Its successful development there requires robust purpose-built legal frameworks; developed general bond markets, especially in local currency; appropriate capacity building; and data-driven pricing models. This report explores each of these conditions along with policy suggestions for fostering them, and discusses the development of multi-country CAT bonds in Asia and the Pacific.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab1e49ef-en
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  • 33
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    A Roadmap towards Circular Economy of North Macedonia (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264832619 , 9789264815957 , 9789264377301
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics ; Albania
    Abstract: This roadmap is designed to aid North Macedonia’s government in establishing a solid policy foundation for a successful transition to a circular economy. As an EU candidate country, North Macedonia has pledged to align with European climate objectives, endorsing the Sofia Declaration on the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, with a particular focus on the circular economy transition. Acknowledging the pivotal role of this transition in national and regional development and actively addressing challenges posed by climate change, reliance on imported raw materials and increased waste, North Macedonia is ready for a strategic framework and concrete actions to initiate this transformative process. Derived from a comprehensive diagnostic of North Macedonia’s circular economy landscape, the roadmap strategically integrates existing policy initiatives, fostering synergies across sectors, measures and involved actors. It emphasises five key areas – circular business models for SMEs, construction, biomass and food, textile industry and mining and metallurgy – revealing over 40 policy recommendations. These recommendations, supported by a monitoring framework, are poised to be a cornerstone for propelling North Macedonia towards a more sustainable and circular future.
    DOI: 10.1787/1973c88c-en
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  • 34
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    Data Science and Human-Environment Systems (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781108785990
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (280 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: The first comprehensive treatment of data science as a new and powerful way to understand and manage human-environment interactions.
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  • 35
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    Linguistic Landscapes : A Sociolinguistic Approach (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781316830055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (378 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Illustrated with a range of photographs, this book is the first full-length survey of the rapidly-developing field of linguistic landscapes.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Places in Figures -- List of Diagrams -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Approaching the Linguistic Landscape -- 1.1 A World of Signs: Signs in the World -- 1.2 Entering the Linguistic Landscape -- 1.2.1 Code Choices: Language Policy -- 1.2.2 Code Choices: Breaking Language Barriers -- 1.2.3 Code Choices: Conflict -- 1.2.4 Place and Code Choices: Names and Naming -- 1.3 Regulating Space in the LL -- 1.4 Discourse in the LL -- 1.4.1 Interaction in the LL -- 1.4.2 Writing and Speech in the LL -- 1.5 The Historical Dimension in the LL -- 1.5.1 The Past in the Present -- 1.5.2 Layering of Past and Present -- 1.5.3 Remembering the Past -- 2 Why Linguistic Landscape? -- 2.1 A Sociolinguistic Perspective -- 2.1.1 LL Research: Past, Present, and Multiple Births -- 2.1.2 The LL and Antiquity -- 2.1.3 The Onomastic Background -- 2.1.4 The LL and the Visual Arts -- 2.1.5 Sociolinguistics, Globalisation, and Language Display -- 2.1.6 Language Policy and Language in Public -- 2.1.7 The Blossoming of LL Research -- 2.2 Naming and Identifying a Field of Research -- 3 Doing Things with Codes -- 3.1 Code Choices: Policy Effects and Personal Choice -- 3.1.1 Language Policy in Action: Protecting Public Health -- 3.1.2 Recognising Codes -- 3.2 Messages: Content and Codes -- 3.3 Messages and Codes: Integrating the Visual -- 4 Space and Landscape -- 4.1 Space -- 4.1.1 Ways of Knowing Space -- 4.1.2 The Public Space -- 4.2 Landscape -- 4.2.1 Etymological Perspectives -- 4.3 Space, Place, and Indexicality -- 4.4 Dividing and Regulating Spaces -- 4.5 Emplacement Effects -- 4.6 Focus on the Proximal Space -- 4.7 Proximal Space and Remote Space -- 4.8 Signs of the Imaginary -- 4.9 Unanchored Reference -- 5 People -- 5.1 The LL as Social Indexicality.
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  • 36
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    Meaning, Identity, and Interaction : Sociolinguistic Variation and Change in Game-Theoretic Pragmatics (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781108897488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (234 pages)
    Series Statement: Studies in Language Variation and Change Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Drawing on cutting-edge research, this book shows how tools from formal semantics can be used to formalize theories from sociolinguistics.
    Abstract: Cover -- Halftitle page -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Series Editor's Preface -- Sali A. Tagliamonte -- Preface -- 1 A Formal Semantics for Social Meaning -- 1.1 Social Meaning: An Overview -- 1.2 Why Should We Formalize? -- 1.3 Decision Theory and Game Theory: An Overview -- 1.4 Plan of the Book -- Part I Sociolinguistic Variation and Identity Construction -- 2 Formalizing the Third Wave -- 2.1 Game Theory and Bayesian Cognitive Science -- 2.1.1 Formalizing Gricean Pragmatics -- 2.2 Variation and Identity Construction: What Empirical Generalizations? -- 2.3 The Third Wave Approach to the Meaning of Variation -- 2.4 Social Meaning Games (SMGs) -- 2.4.1 Refinement 1: Adding Speaker Agency -- 2.4.2 Refinement 2: Listener Interpretation Functions -- 2.4.3 Refinement 3: Weakening Gricean Quality -- 2.5 A Materialist Semantics for Social Meaning -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 3 Testing Sociolinguistic Theories Using Game-Theoretic Pragmatics -- 3.1 Bourdieu and Passeron's (1970) Gérophagie Experiment -- 3.2 Language Ideologies in Montréal 84 -- 3.2.1 Education -- 3.2.2 Communication -- 3.2.3 Authenticity -- 3.2.4 Wholesomeness -- 3.2.5 Anglicisms -- 3.2.6 Swearing -- 3.2.7 An Ideological View of Montréal 84 -- 3.3 Du tout/Pantoute Variation in Montréal 84 -- 3.4 Modelling Du tout/Pantoute with SMGs -- 3.5 Conclusion -- Part II Language, Gender and Social Change -- 4 A Materialist Semantics for Slurs and Identity Terms -- 4.1 The Puzzles of Slurs for Formal Semantics -- 4.2 Personae for Dykes and Lesbians -- 4.3 A Persona-Based Semantics in Conceptual Spaces -- 4.3.1 Communication in Conceptual Spaces -- 4.3.2 Linking Ideology and Material Conditions Using Game Theory -- 4.3.3 Refinement 1: From Discrete Meanings to Continuous Ones -- 4.4 Conclusion.
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    Cosmopolitanism and the Enlightenment (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009305365
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (344 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.09409/033
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Offers a timely intervention into the debate about the Enlightenment and its legacy, highlighting both its plurality and continuing relevance.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Cosmopolitanism and the Enlightenment -- Whose Cosmopolitanism? -- Whose Enlightenment? -- Reassessing the European Trajectory -- Practical Cosmopolitanism in Europe and Beyond -- Cosmopolitanism from the Margins -- Cosmopolitanism and Politics -- 1 Enlightenment Cosmopolitanism in Perspective: Diversity, Natural Law, and Reason in the Work of John Locke -- Natural Law, Consensus, and the Challenge of Diversity -- Locke's Politics -- The Force of Reason -- 2 The Cosmopolitan Paradox: Travel, Anthropology, and the Problem of Cultural Diversity in Early Modern Thought -- The Longue-Durée History of Enlightened Cosmopolitanism -- The Paradoxes of Early Modern Cosmopolitanism -- The Distinctiveness of the Early Modern European Trajectory -- The Cultural Contents of Moral Cosmopolitanism -- 3 Diderot's Conjectural History and the History of ''Monstrous Nature'' -- D'Alembert and Rousseau -- The Young Diderot -- After the Encyclopédie -- A Science of Morals -- History of European Societies -- Wickedness: The Conquerors -- Superstition: The Missionaries -- Greed: The Merchants -- Despotism -- Cosmopolitanism and Politics. How to Think a Society which Is Not Monstrous -- 4 Geographies of Cosmopolitanism: Cartography, Natural History, and the Spaces of Knowledge in the Long Eighteenth Century -- A Cosmographer Who Never Left Home: The Cartographic Practices of Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville -- Entering and Imagining the Pacific -- Humboldtian Cosmography and the Boundaries of Brazil -- Conclusion: From European to Indigenous Cosmopolitanisms -- 5 The Imperial, Global (Cosmopolitan) Dimensions of Nonelite Colonial Scribal Cultures in the Early Modern Iberian Atlantic.
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    India's Bangladesh Problem : The Marginalization of Bengali Muslims in Neoliberal Times (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009259385
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (290 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.697095414
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: An innovative analysis of the experience of Bengali Muslims on the Indian side of the India-Bangladesh border.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- I.1 The Imposed Inferiority of Bengali Muslims in Colonial India -- I.2 Interventions -- I.2.1 Towards a More Comprehensive Analysis -- I.3 Research Terrain -- I.3.1 Methodology -- Research Process and Ethics -- I.4 Outline of the Book -- 1 Neoliberalism and Identity-Based Hierarchy -- 1.1 Interstate Relations between Bangladesh and India -- 1.1.1 The Broad Implications of Bangladesh's Birth -- 1.1.2 Post-1971 Bilateral Relations -- 1.2 Differential Neoliberalism in Bangladesh and India -- 1.2.1 Neoliberal Bangladesh -- 1.2.2 Neoliberal India -- 1.2.3 Why Differential Neoliberalism Matters -- 1.3 Identity-Based Social Hierarchy in India -- 1.3.1 Politicization of Difference in Colonial India -- 1.3.2 Social Hierarchies in the Contemporary Period -- Religion -- Language and Culture -- Geographical Importance and Ethnic Identity -- Intersecting Identities -- 1.4 Conclusion -- 2 Borders as Sites of Strength and Vulnerability -- 2.1 Neoliberal Borderlands -- 2.1.1 Strong Border, Weak Borderlands -- 2.1.2 A Look at BSF's Public Statements -- 2.1.3 ''We Call It Smuggling -- They Call It Trade'' -- 2.1.4 Can You Fence a River? -- 2.2 Life and Identity in the Borderlands Negotiating Neoliberalism -- 2.2.1 Commingling in an Indian Land-Port Village -- 2.2.2 Chhit Lives, India inside Bangladesh -- 2.2.3 Check-Posts, Regulated Bodies -- 2.2.4 By the Riverside -- 2.3 Conclusion -- 3 Assam and the ''Illegal'' Other -- 3.1 Violent Manifestations of Marginalization -- 3.2 Colonial Divisions: Forests, Hills, Plains, and Encroachment -- 3.3 Assam: Independence, for Whom? -- 3.3.1 1950s: Post-Partition Bliss -- 3.3.2 1960s: A Grim Turn -- 3.3.3 The Assam Movement of 1979-1985 and Its Repercussions.
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  • 39
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    Dying Abroad : The Political Afterlives of Migration in Europe (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009288576
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (256 pages)
    Series Statement: LSE International Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 393.0882970943
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: An original and immersive account of how immigrant communities navigate end-of-life decisions while facing barriers to political inclusion and citizenship.
    Abstract: Cover -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Epigraph -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction: Death Out of Place -- Migrants, Minorities, and the Foreigners Within -- An Ethnography of Transnational Deathways -- The Politics of Dead Bodies and Everyday Necropolitics -- The Man in Pennsylvania -- Overview of Chapters -- 1 Islamic Funeral Funds and the Moral Economy of Repatriation -- 1.1 Burial Societies, Risk Management, and Transnational Funerals -- 1.2 "Out of a Longing for Their Homeland" -- 1.3 "We Make Sure that the Bodies Get to Turkey" -- 2 Muslim Undertakers and the Bureaucracy of Death -- 2.1 The Dismal Trade? -- 2.2 The Bureaucracy of Death -- 2.3 "This Is Not an Anatolian Village" -- 2.4 "You're a Muslim?" -- 3 Memory and Identity in Diaspora Cemeteries -- 3.1 Berlin's Islamic Deathscapes -- 3.2 Writing the Dead I: Quranic Verse and Islamic Text -- 3.3 Writing the Dead II: Genealogies, Biographies, and Commemorative Culture -- 3.4 Seeing the Dead I: Flags, Photos, Moons, and Stars -- 3.5 Seeing the Dead II: Mosques and Minarets -- 4 Burial and Belonging -- 4.1 Islamic Funerary Tradition and the Laws of the Dead in Germany -- 4.2 A Home after Death? -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.
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    Entangled Domains : Empire, Law and Religion in Northern Nigeria (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009062213
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (338 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Studies in Law and Society Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.609669
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: This book provides the first account of the sustained entanglement of law, religion, and empire in Northern Nigeria.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title page -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Terms -- Introduction -- Governing Difference: Colonialism and Religion in Nigeria -- Defining, Deepening, and Hierarchizing Religious Difference -- Secularism's Entanglements -- Navigating State-Religion Entanglements -- The Early Colonial Years -- The Cameron Era -- Postcolonial Contestations -- Continuing Entanglements -- Inheriting an Imagined Past -- Part I Governing Faith -- 1 Jousting for Souls: Indirect Rule, Christian Missions, and the Governance of Religious Difference -- The Encounter of Imperial Ambitions with the Missionary Project -- Secularism, Missionizing, and Late Liberal Imperialism -- Governing Religious Difference: Colonial Indirect Rule in Northern Nigeria -- The Practice of Imperial Secularism -- Lugard's Years of Authority -- Lugardians and the Missionary Encounter -- The Cameron Years -- Conclusion -- 2 Governing Shariʿa -- The Caliphal Alliance -- Shari.a Governance: Siyasa and the Making of a British Colonial Islamic Law -- Disaggregating the Colonial State -- Lugardian Phase (1900-1930) -- Expanding Siyasa -- Reorganizing the Judiciary -- Judicial Reorganization: Jurisdiction over Non-Muslims -- Substantive Reforms -- Cameron Phase (1931-1958) -- Judicial Reorganization: Siyasa Recalibration -- Judicial Reorganization: Jurisdiction over Non-Muslims -- Judicial Reforms -- Appellate Process in a System of Multiple Courts -- Conclusion -- Part II Constituting Difference -- 3 The Construction of Minorities: Late Imperial Secularity and the Constitutional Politics of Decolonization -- Religion Differentiation and Nationalist Politics in the Late Colonial Years -- The United Middle Belt Congress: Ecumenism, Self-Determination, and the Making of "Religious Minorities".
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  • 41
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    Arming Black Consciousness : The Azanian Black Nationalist Tradition and South Africa's Armed Struggle (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009346702
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (300 pages)
    Series Statement: African Studies v.164
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.80096809045
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Explores the history of the Black Consciousness Movement and its engagement with guerrilla warfare in South Africa and in exile.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title page -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction: Black Consciousness, Echoes of Haiti's Revolution and the Azanian Black Nationalist Tradition -- Exclusion/Domination, the Haitian Revolution and the Black Radical Tradition -- Review of the Literature on Black Consciousness, Black Power and South Africa's Armed Struggle -- Sources and Methods -- Mapping the Book -- 1 African Decolonisation, Armed Struggle and Black Power, 1958-1973 -- The AAPC and Africa's Return to Armed Struggle, November 1958-November 1967 -- Tanzania, Carmichael and a Critique of the Liberation Movements -- The Impact of Carmichael's Comments on the Leadership and Rank-and-File of the ANC -- Conclusion: Black Power, the Assassination of Dr King, and the Project of African Liberation -- 2 'Our Struggle Calls for the Involvement of the Entire Black Community': Building Black Consciousness, December 1968-August 1973 -- Struggling to Struggle: MK, APLA and UMSA Searching for Answers, 1960-1971 -- Bokwe Mafuna, The 'Small Broederbond' and the Building of BCM -- Building Black Consciousness -- The Formation of the Black People's Convention (BPC) -- 'Stage Two': The Roots of the Return to Armed Struggle -- Conclusion: The Spectre of Black Consciousness and the Move towards Armed Struggle -- 3 Forging a Guerrilla Army, 1973-1976 -- Early Trials for the BCM Exiles -- Engagements with Thabo Mbeki and the ANC -- Forging the APLF in the Shadows of Botswana: March 1974-February 1975 -- NAYO and The Molobi/Williams Cell, July 1974-March 1975 -- A Breakthrough: An Opportunity Presents Itself for Military Training -- Achievements and Disenchantments -- 'Total Paralysis': From the Golan Heights to Dar es Salaam to … the ANC/MK?.
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  • 42
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    How to End a War : Essays on Justice, Peace, and Repair (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781108998826
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (246 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.6
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Treats the challenges of moving from a state of war to post-war as central to military ethics, strategy, and law.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Ethics of War after the Longest War -- Chapter 1 The Lament of the Demobilized -- When Justification Comes to Grief -- War, the Face, the Face-to-Face -- The Face as Site of Revelation -- Chapter 2 Moral Injury and Moral Failure -- Introduction -- Experiences of Moral Injury -- Reactive Attitudes -- Right and Wrong Kinds of Reasons -- The Unthinkable -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Stoic Grit, Moral Injury, and Resilience -- Case of Accidental Killing -- A Tension: Moral Injury vs. Stoic Resilience -- Moral Injury and Reactive Attitudes -- Stoic Emotions and the Moral Progressor -- The Tears of Alcibiades -- Seneca's Plea for Mercy -- A Plea for Self-Empathy -- Chapter 4 Political Humiliation and the Sense of Replacement -- Humiliation in Politics -- The Sense of Replacement -- Why We Need to Understand the Sense of Replacement -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Minimum Moral Thresholds at War's End -- Just War Theory and Transitional Justice: A Brief Overview -- Just War Theory -- Transitional Justice -- The Critical Turn -- Minimal Thresholds for Normative Success -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6 Ending Endless Wars -- Understanding Endless Wars -- Explaining Endless Wars -- Ending Endless Wars -- Chapter 7 Forever Wars: Time and Value in War -- Endless Wars and Jus ad Bellum -- Proportionality and Indeterminacy -- Time-Relative Value and Proportionality -- Discounting Human Costs -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8 Two Conceptions of the Proportionality Budget for Jus Ex Bello -- The Impersonal Value Conception -- The Personal Value Conception -- Distinctions in Value -- Disrespect and the Pacifist Challenge -- Both Smooth and Chunky -- Concluding Comments -- Chapter 9 Toward a Post Bellum Lieber Code.
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  • 43
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    Dress Cultures in Zambia : Interwoven Histories, Global Exchanges, and Everyday Life (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009350334
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (224 pages)
    Series Statement: The International African Library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 391.0096894
    RVK:
    LB 40565
    RVK:
    LC 12565
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Explores both Zambian dress practices from the late-colonial period until the present and African contributions to globally circulating fashions.
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  • 44
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    Imperial Heartland : Immigration, Working-Class Culture and Everyday Tolerance, 1917-1947 (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009216180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (372 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Modern British Histories Series
    DDC: 305.891409428210904
    Keywords: Immigrants-England-Sheffield-History-20th century ; South Asians-England-Sheffield-History-20th century ; Sheffield (England)-Emigration and immigration-History-20th century ; Sheffield (England)-Race relations ; Sheffield (England)-Social conditions ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Working-class Britons played a crucial role in the pioneering settlement and integration of South Asians in imperial Britain. Using a host of new and neglected sources, Imperial Heartland revises the history of early South Asian immigration to Britain, presenting a fresh and inspiring picture of settlement and inter-racial tolerance.
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  • 45
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    Cricket, Public Culture and the Making of Postcolonial Calcutta (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009276252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 306.4/830954147
    Keywords: Cricket-India-Kolkata-History-20th century ; Cricket-Social aspects-India-Kolkata-History-20th century ; Social history ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The book argues that the beliefs and attitudes generated by cricket through media and other social practices have had an immense bearing on the making of a postcolonial society. It will help scholars and students of history understand the making of postcolonial Indian society and culture from a new perspective.
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  • 46
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    Decoding Anne Lister : From the Archives to 'Gentleman Jack' (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009280761
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1st ed
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gonda, Caroline Decoding Anne Lister
    DDC: 306.76/63092
    Keywords: Lister, Anne,-1791-1840 ; Lesbians-England-Biography ; Lesbians-England-History-19th century ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The ground-breaking first collection of essays on Anne Lister, featuring both established and new scholars, a screenwriter and a novelist
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  • 47
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    Donor-Linked Families in the Digital Age : Relatedness and Regulation (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009006736
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 pages)
    DDC: 304.632
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Situates donor conception debates in a global context, exploring the interaction between law, technology, and relationships.
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  • 48
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    Grief and the Shaping of Muslim Communities in North India, C. 1857-1940s (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009297660
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (276 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.697054
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Eve Tignol investigates the impact of collective grief on Muslim community formation in north India from 1857 to the 1940s.
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  • 49
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    Multiracial Identities in Colonial French Africa : Race, Childhood, and Citizenship (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781108802567
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (322 pages)
    Series Statement: African Identities: Past and Present Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.800960917541
    Keywords: Racially mixed people ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Explores the history of race-making, belonging, and rights by outlining the contested place of multiracial people in colonial French West and Equatorial Africa.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Race and Africa, Race in Africa -- Sources, Methods, and Organization of the Book -- 1 Multiracial Identities and the Consolidation and Subversion of Racialized French Colonial Rule in French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa, ca. 1900-1930 -- Multiraciality and French Colonial Thought, Practice, and Policies: Shifting Alliances of Church and State in FWA and FEA -- Anchors of Belonging in French Society: Motherhood and Fostering of Multiracial Children in FEA -- Disentangling Education of Children from French Legal Status -- Métis Men and Military Service: Gatekeeping French Citizenship in FWA -- Conclusion -- 2 Wards of the State: Claiming and Mediating Colonial Government Welfare and French Institutional Care of Multiracial Children in the 1930s -- The Colonial Welfare State in French Africa in the 1930s -- Colonial Welfare for Multiracial Children in Senegal -- Follow the Money: African Mothers, French Catholic Women, and Disbursement of Welfare Aid for Métisses Girls -- Multiracial Children and Colonial Welfare in Gabon: The Association of Métis in Libreville -- Boarding Home-School for Métis Children -- Conclusion: A Child Ward Grows Up -- 3 ''I Am French'': Multiraciality and Citizenship in FWA and FEA, ca. 1928-1938 -- Race and Citizenship in French Metropolitan and Colonial Thought and Law, ca. 1928-1930 -- Step One of Petitioning for French Citizenship in FWA: Proving Frenchness -- Step Two of Petitioning for Citizenship: Proving Filiation in Colonial Court -- Children and Citizenship: Parental Rights and Colonial Law in FWA -- Adults and Citizenship: Frenchness, Filiation, and Naming in FWA -- The Promulgation of Métis Citizenship Law in FEA, 1931-1936.
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  • 50
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    The Gift of Aging : Growing Older with Purpose, Planning and Positivity (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009330749
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (302 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.26
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Science-based facts, medical and legal advice and practical wisdom from elders to finding joy, vitality and purpose in growing older.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title page -- Reviews -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Epigraph -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Introduction -- 1 Map and Compass -- Part I Caring For Your Mind -- 2 A Goal Higher than Joy -- 3 Why Does Having Purpose Matter? -- 4 An Open and Determined Mindset -- 5 Autonomy: Impossible without Adaptability -- 6 Dance, Lucille, Dance -- 7 The Golden Spurtle -- 8 Is Retirement Bad for My Health and Well-Being? -- 9 Humanitude: Why Human Connection Is Vital for Everyone -- 10 106 Proof -- 11 Killing Us Quietly: Why Social Isolation Is as Bad for Us as Smoking -- 12 Brain Health across the Lifespan: What Can I Do NOW to Prevent Dementia Later On? -- Part II Caring For Your Body -- 13 Protect Your Bones throughout Your Life -- 14 Why Your Bladder, Kidney, and Perineal Health Matters -- 15 Maintaining Your Blood (Cardiovascular) System -- 16 Our Muscles throughout the Lifespan: Build Resilience Now to Prevent Frailty Later -- 17 The Wonderful World of Microbiota and the Value of the Mediterranean Diet -- 18 What Happens to the Immune System as We Age? -- 19 The Problem of Pain in Older Adults: And What You Can Do about It -- 20 Don't Give In and Live with Pain: First, Give Physical Therapy a Try -- Part III Caring For Yourself and Your Family: Practical Planning -- 21 Who Needs an Estate Plan? Everyone -- 22 Financial Planning through the Decades -- 23 An Ethical Will: Leaving Your Legacy to Loved Ones -- 24 You've Become a Caregiver: Now What? -- 25 So Many Living Arrangements: Which One Is for You? -- 26 Do This One Simple Thing to Add 7.5 Years to Your Life! -- Part IV Caring For Your Soul -- 27 I Don't Want to Go Downstairs! -- 28 How NOT to Be Afraid of Dying and Ensure that Your Family Remembers Your Death as a Peaceful One -- 29 Only Two Things.
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    The Making of a Dialogical Theory : Social Representations and Communication (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009295017
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 pages)
    DDC: 302/.12
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: An exploration of the theory of social representations and communications as a case in the making of a dialogical theory.
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  • 52
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    Relative Distance : Kinship, Migration, and Christianity Between Kenya and the United Kingdom (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009335065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 pages)
    Series Statement: The International African Library v.71
    DDC: 306.83096762
    RVK:
    BO 1875
    RVK:
    LB 41546
    RVK:
    MS 2000
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Examines kinship dilemmas - moral, material, and affective - facing transnational families living between Kenya and the United Kingdom.
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  • 53
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    First-Time Parenting Journeys : Expectations and Realities (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009084741
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (226 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.874
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Presents stories of Australian heterosexual couples to explore social norms about reproduction in the transition to first-time parenthood.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-title page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Journeys to the Project -- 1.2 Australian Families in Context -- 1.3 Conceptual Frameworks -- 1.4 Chapter Overviews -- 1.5 Concluding Thoughts -- 2 Undertaking a Qualitative Longitudinal Research Study with Intending Parents -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background to the Study -- 2.3 Establishing a Qualitative Longitudinal Study Focused on Relationships -- 2.3.1 Researcher Assumptions and Perspectives -- 2.3.2 Consent to Participate in a Longitudinal Study -- 2.3.3 Benefits and Challenges of Having the Same Interviewer -- 2.3.4 Interviewing Women and Men Separately -- 2.4 Challenges in Establishing and Managing a Qualitative Longitudinal Study Focused on Relationships -- 2.4.1 Identifying Outlets for Finding Potential Participants -- 2.4.2 Burden Placed upon Women in Relationship-Focused Research -- 2.4.3 Seeking Participants prior to an Event -- 2.5 Emotion Work in a Qualitative Longitudinal Study Focused on Relationships -- 2.5.1 Ongoing Contact with Participants in the Face of (In)fertility and Pregnancy Loss -- 2.5.2 Relationships of Trust with Participants -- 2.6 The People We Interviewed -- 2.7 Our Approach to Analysing the Interview Data -- 2.8 Concluding Thoughts -- 3 Motherhood Moralities -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Moral Claims across the Early Interviews -- 3.3 Conceiving a Child and Staying Pregnant -- 3.4 Navigating Breastfeeding Expectations and Challenges -- 3.5 Postnatal Mental Health Issues as Mismatch between Expectation and Reality -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 4 Birthing Experiences -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Summary of Birthing Experiences -- 4.3 Women's Accounts of Childbirth -- 4.3.1 Discrepancies in Accounts of 'Natural' Birth -- 4.3.2 'Down a Rabbit Hole' with no Direction or Support.
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  • 54
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    Becoming Heritage : Recognition, Exclusion, and the Politics of Black Cultural Heritage in Colombia (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009189811
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (260 pages)
    Series Statement: Afro-Latin America Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.8960861
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Reveals how inclusive heritage policies simultaneously created exclusion and conflict within the Palenquero community in Colombia.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 55
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    Migration, Food Security and Development : Insights from Rural India (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009276771
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (360 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.81
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: By analyzing migration-food security linkages, this book engages with the larger process of uneven development in India.
    Abstract: Cover -- Migration, Food Security and Development -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures, Tables and Boxes -- List of Photos -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- Overview of Food (In)Security In India -- Economic Growth and Nutrition Disconnect -- Rural-Urban Disparities in the Nutritional Outcomes -- Right to Food Revolution in India: Importance and Challenges -- Rural Outmigration and Food Security: A Pressing Need for Policy Inputs -- A Note on Field Site, Research Methods and Analytical Approach -- The Book's Outline -- Notes -- 2 Bridging the Disconnect between Migration and Food Security -- Introduction -- Possible Reasons for Disconnect between Migration and Food Security -- Conceptualising Food Security through the Frameworks of 'Entitlements' and 'Livelihoods' -- Moving Beyond the Binaries: A Livelihood Approach to Migration -- Role of Migration in Rural Livelihoods: Possible Pathways of Linkages Between Migration and Food Security -- Entitlement and Institutional Failures and Migration as a Food Security Strategy -- Remittances, Land and Agriculture and Food Security -- Male Migration, Changes in Intra-Household Gender Power Relations and Food Security -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 3 Dynamics of Food Insecurity, Migration and Urbanisation in India -- Introduction -- Assessing India's Progress on the MDG on Hunger Reduction -- Social, Cultural and Regional Dimensions of Food Insecurity and Undernourishment in India -- Regional Dimensions of Food Insecurity and Deprivation -- Social Correlates of Poverty and Food Insecurity -- Gender and Food Insecurity -- Agrarian Stress, Changing Rural Livelihood Trajectories and Dynamics of Migration and Urbanisation In India -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 4 The Context of Migration: Bihar and Siwan in Perspective -- Introduction.
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  • 56
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    India Population Report (2023)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9781009333597
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (602 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 304.60954
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Studies various aspects of population in India providing a holistic narrative by utilizing latest data and scientific evidence and explain the achievements so far and examine the challenges ahead in respective fields, while identifying thrust areas for further research and action.
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  • 57
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    Enhancing the insurance sector’s contribution to climate adaptation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Schadenversicherung ; Katastrophenschaden ; Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Insurance coverage plays an important role in protecting households, businesses and governments from the financial impacts of climate-related disasters. However, climate change is expected to increase the frequency and/or intensity of a range of climate-related (weather) perils and could potentially limit the availability of affordable insurance in the future. Risk reduction through adaptation to climate change will be the only sustainable means to limit the increase in future climate damages and losses and potential disruptions to insurance markets. This paper examines the contribution of the insurance sector to climate adaptation. It outlines some of the challenges to assessing future climate risks, encouraging policyholder risk reduction and supporting resilient reinstatement. The paper also identifies potential approaches that policymakers, regulators and supervisors could consider to support a greater contribution of the insurance sector to climate adaptation.
    DOI: 10.1787/0951dfcd-en
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    The economic benefits of early green innovation : Evidence from the automotive sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.209
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The economic consequences for firms investing in green innovation, and therefore their incentives to innovate, are not well understood. This paper empirically assesses the economic returns on innovation in cleaner vehicles. The analysis uses data on passenger car market shares and patents for car manufacturers operating in eight countries for the period 2005-2021. The results show that, when vehicle fuel prices increase, firms having previously successfully filed patents related to both electric and hybrid vehicles and fuel efficiency experience an increase in their market share. This increase takes place between 7 and 8 years after the patent stock is accumulated for patents related to electric and hybrid vehicles and between 8 and 15 years for patents related to fuel efficiency. The analysis also finds that in contexts where fuel price salience is high, price increases generate larger and earlier competitiveness returns for firms having previously invested in cleaner technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/c13d5d61-en
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  • 59
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    Environmental Tax Policy Review of Andalusia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Umweltabgabe ; Ökosteuer ; Andalusien ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Transport ; Spain
    Abstract: The Environmental Tax Policy Review of Andalusia provides a detailed review of the environmentally related tax framework in the areas of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, water usage and pollution, and waste and circular economy in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia, Spain. For each thematic area, the study identifies the scope for action at the regional level, assesses how Andalusia’s existing environmentally related taxes align with environmental tax policy principles and provides strategic recommendations to support Andalusia to improve environmental outcomes and enhance national and global environmental performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/fe6d8b45-en
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  • 60
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    How the green and digital transitions are reshaping the automotive ecosystem (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.144
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The automotive sector is important across OECD countries in terms of value-added and R&D, but is also heavily affected by the green and the digital transformations. This paper offers a novel and holistic view of the automotive sector and its surrounding ecosystem based on a combination of Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) tables, patent data, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions, cross-country micro-distributed data and firm-level balance sheet data. It identifies the boundaries of this industrial ecosystem including connected sectors (e.g. upstream and downstream) as well as knowledge and technology providers (e.g. universities or the digital industry). The paper documents emerging trends at the geographical and technological levels and provides a comprehensive assessment of the ecosystem’s changing microstructure, with a growing role of young and digital-intensive companies. Finally, it provides recommendations for effective public policies to support the automotive ecosystem, with a focus on innovation, competition and the growth of young firms.
    DOI: 10.1787/f1874cab-en
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    Trade policies to promote the circular economy : A case study of lithium-ion batteries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Trade
    Abstract: Affordable and sustainable lithium-ion batteries are key to the development of electric vehicles markets and to the green energy transition. Circular economy solutions for end-of-life batteries can help address primary inputs disruptions, while reducing environmental costs associated with the mining of these inputs or with battery production. Circular value chains would also help address waste and disposal problems as Li-ion batteries reach end of life. These chains are in their infancy, as complex battery designs, material chemistries and insufficient waste stocks hamper their viability, but the projected growth should support profitability. International trade in Li-ion batteries waste will remain essential in markets where domestic waste streams are insufficient to achieve the scale necessary for economically viable recycling, or where inadequate infrastructure imposes reliance on recycling capacities abroad. Promoting circular value chains for Li-ion batteries would require greater clarity on the status of these batteries as waste, consistency of transport and storage safety regulations, trade facilitation and harmonisation of standards for battery design, and regulatory targets for waste collection and recycling rates, coupled with stewardship and take-back schemes.
    DOI: 10.1787/d75a7f46-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Portugal 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264490543 , 9789264670457 , 9789264636156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Portugal 2023 (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Portugal ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Portugal managed to decouple several environmental pressures from economic growth over 2013-19. It played a leading role in the approval of the European Climate Law and adopted the Portuguese Framework Climate Law in 2021. This needs to be swiftly implemented to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, improve climate resilience and protect ecosystems. Portugal has stepped up adaptation efforts but needs to do more to address multiple threats, including coastal erosion, floods, droughts and forest fires. The country is lagging behind in waste management. Meanwhile, the increase in freshwater abstractions in water-scarce southern regions is a concern. This is the fourth Environmental Performance Review of Portugal. It provides an evidence-based assessment of the country's progress towards its environmental goals over the past decade. The 26 recommendations aim to help Portugal improve its environmental performance, giving special focus to carbon neutrality.
    DOI: 10.1787/d9783cbf-en
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    Implementing Water Economics in the EU Water Framework Directive (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264416604 , 9789264698574 , 9789264909229
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Keywords: EU-Wasserpolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The EU Water Framework and Floods Directives have not only set the level of ambition for water resources management in Europe, but have also provided a model for other regions in the world. Effective implementation of the Directives requires that due consideration be given to their economic pillar, designed to support a cost-effective approach in member states and communities. Recent reviews indicate that there is considerable room to improve the integration of water economics within the framework of water resources management. This report captures the lessons learned from five thematic workshops co-convened by the OECD and the European Commission. It provides an overview of the challenges faced by EU member countries and opportunities to strengthen the economic approach of water resources management in Europe. Covering cost recovery, polluter pays principle, water scarcity, planning and financing, the lessons are relevant for regions and countries across the globe.
    DOI: 10.1787/d6abda81-en
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  • 64
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    LiFE Lessons from India : The Benefits of Advancing the Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) Initiative through the G20 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264951983
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Umweltbewusstsein ; Umweltorganisation ; Umweltpolitik ; Energiekonsum ; Privater Konsum ; Indien ; G20-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; India
    Abstract: India, the Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) initiative aims to encourage the adoption of sustainable lifestyles in India and internationally to tackle the challenges of environmental degradation and climate change. This report examines how India has integrated several policies in its energy transition strategy that are aligned with the LiFE initiative, highlighting the potential for behavioural change and consumption choices to help advance energy transitions globally. It then analyses the impact on energy consumption, costs and emissions of measures like those proposed by the LiFE initiative, such as buying an EV or taking public transport, if they were adopted globally. Finally, it considers how India’s first G20 Presidency could strengthen the LiFE initiative by anchoring it in the G20’s current framing of energy transitions and initiating processes to gather experience and best practices of policies and programmes that G20 members are already conducting.
    DOI: 10.1787/7d1d4a26-en
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  • 65
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Portugal 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264878785 , 9789264918658 , 9789264946125
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Portugal 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Le Portugal a réussi à découpler plusieurs pressions environnementales de la croissance économique entre 2013 et 2019. Il a joué un rôle de premier plan dans l'approbation de la loi européenne sur le climat et a adopté la Loi-cadre portugaise sur le climat en 2021. Celle-ci doit être rapidement mise en œuvre pour atteindre la neutralité carbone d'ici 2050, améliorer la résilience aux effets du changement climatique et protéger les écosystèmes. Le Portugal a intensifié ses efforts d'adaptation, mais doit en faire davantage pour faire face aux multiples menaces, notamment l'érosion côtière, les inondations, les sécheresses et les feux de forêt. Le pays est à la traîne en matière de gestion des déchets. Par ailleurs, l'augmentation des prélèvements d'eau douce dans les régions du sud, où l'eau est rare, est préoccupante. Il s'agit du quatrième examen des performances environnementales du Portugal. Il fournit une évaluation, fondée sur des faits, des progrès du pays vers ses objectifs environnementaux au cours de la dernière décennie. Les 26 recommandations visent à aider le Portugal à améliorer ses performances environnementales, en accordant une attention particulière à la neutralité carbone. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport. Le rapport complet est disponible en anglais sur le site web de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/68938406-fr
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    Measuring Progress towards Inclusive and Sustainable Growth in Japan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264658714 , 9789264806764 , 9789264682603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Inklusives Wachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Japan ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: The report Measuring Progress towards Inclusive and Sustainable Growth in Japan is the outcome of a collaboration with the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry which aims to monitor progress in key areas crucial to realising the Japanese government’s vision for a “New Form of Capitalism”. Building on the OECD Framework for Policy Action on Inclusive Growth, the report includes a set of key indicators to support measures for the government to deliver on its vision as well as inform on best practices in other major advanced economies. A central message is that creating the equality of opportunity in Japan requires a balanced approach of taking both efficiency and equity concerns into account. The report presents the main dynamics for policy consideration to strengthen sustainability of the Japanese growth model, with due attention paid to specific issues that matter for different groups of Japanese population. Underpinned by rigorous statistical analysis at a sufficiently disaggregated level, the report helps to better understand some of the main drivers of well-being and economic success in Japan.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ced6c79-en
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    Behavioural science for sustainable tourism : Insights and policy considerations for greener tourism (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.60
    Keywords: Ökotourismus ; Tourismuspolitik ; Verhalten ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This working paper explores the use of behavioural science for promoting environmentally sustainable tourism. It looks at how to use behavioural science to encourage sustainable behaviour, targeting both the consumers and suppliers of tourism activities and services. It concludes with recommendations for planning and implementing a tourism recovery strategy that prioritises both economic and environmental sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/c2ec4fcf-en
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    The role of carbon pricing in transforming pathways to reach net zero emissions : Insights from current experiences and potential application to food systems (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.220
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper investigates the potential role and contribution of carbon pricing in transforming emission pathways towards net zero GHG emissions. It reviews carbon pricing’s impacts, overall and in the electricity sector in selected jurisdictions to date. The paper also analyses the current and potential application of emissions pricing (e.g. emissions trading schemes or carbon taxes) in food systems. The analysis finds that carbon pricing could contribute to net zero pathways alongside other policies, yet price levels and coverage to date have been too low to reduce emissions in line with the Paris Agreement’s goals. Carbon pricing’s contribution to net zero pathways could be further strengthened, including by incentivising demand-side shifts, sequencing policies and enhancing international carbon pricing collaboration. Applying emissions pricing in food systems faces significant short-term technical, methodological, and political barriers and could have just transition implications but reducing emissions from food systems could also lead to many co-benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/5cefdf8c-en
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    Unpacking public and private efforts on just transition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.9
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Increasingly more emphasis is placed on damages and risks that people, companies and governments face in the way they affect their well-being as well as material conditions or financial fundamentals. There is, however, still quite a bit of heterogeneity in how countries and companies frame and implement their endeavours, sometimes with no harmonised or unified goals as well as a lack of consistent metrics for assessing their impacts on the environment and society. Common semantics on just transition concepts and a solid understanding of just transition activities by governments and businesses would help assess the scale of the problem. This Policy Insights provides a glimpse at some of the positive practices to encourage others to make the shift and provide a benchmark against which future action could be measured.
    DOI: 10.1787/cbd31b13-en
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    Reform Options for Lithuanian Climate Neutrality by 2050 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264322356 , 9789264699427 , 9789264654907
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Klimapolitik ; Klimaneutralität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Litauen ; Energy ; Environment ; Taxation ; Lithuania
    Abstract: This report presents policy reform options to support Lithuania in meeting its climate neutrality target. It takes stock of Lithuania’s current and planned climate policies and assesses their potential for meeting the country’s climate ambitions. The report details the results of modelling carried out to assess the effectiveness of different policy scenarios, an analysis of carbon pricing and the role of innovation, an assessment of financial needs in the transition to net zero, and an analysis of the distributional implications of carbon pricing. Bringing together these findings the report offers recommendations for policy reform, highlighting the importance of setting price signals complemented by innovation support, as well as the potential of revenue recycling options in alleviating distributional concerns.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d570e99-en
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    Pursuing higher environmental goals for agriculture in an interconnected world : Climate change and pesticides (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.193
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Governments in many countries are pursuing higher environmental goals for agriculture. However, in an interconnected world, the unilateral adoption of environmental policies for agriculture can reduce the producers’ competitiveness and induce pollution leakage. This report analyses these challenges and discusses policy solutions, focusing on two examples: climate change mitigation policies and policies limiting the environmental impacts of pesticides. The extent of competitiveness and leakage effects is found to depend on market conditions, differences in pollution intensity, and the type of environmental policy adopted. Two policy routes are identified to improve agriculture’s environmental performance while maintaining the benefits of global markets. The first route relies on “direct” environmental policies, such as market-based instruments or regulations, which are rapidly effective in limiting environmental impacts but may require additional complementary policies to limit their potential competitiveness and leakage impacts. The second route involves alternative policies acting on agricultural supply, demand, or through private sector engagement, which limit competitiveness and leakage impacts but may require time to be environmentally effective.
    DOI: 10.1787/99d917ab-en
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    Distributed renewable energy in Colombia : Unlocking private investment for non-interconnected zones (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.213
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia has prioritised the use of renewable energy to expand and improve electricity services for its population in zones non-interconnected to the national grid. Recent policies and regulations have supported this ambition with successive measures to strengthen investment conditions for distributed renewable energy, like standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions and hybrid solar PV mini-grids. Still, the distributed renewable energy market in non-interconnected zones is relatively immature, reflected by the high costs for connecting new users. New business and financing models will be critical to bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies, accessing private equity and debt in larger volumes, and ultimately progressing towards replacing existing inefficient and polluting diesel generation systems. Building on international experiences, this paper discusses approaches to strengthening investment conditions, looking at support mechanisms and de-risking instruments used elsewhere, which can help bridge the financing gap in Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/deda64ff-en
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    Did COVID-19 accelerate the green transition? : An international assessment of fiscal spending measures to support low-carbon technologies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.151
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Fiscal spending policies adopted in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic have been presented as a unique opportunity to “build back better” and re-ignite the economy while accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper analyses 1 166 funding measures announced by 51 countries and the European Union in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures – amounting to USD 1.29 trillion – can make an important contribution to filling the climate investment gap, particularly in emerging technologies such as carbon capture, usage and storage and green hydrogen. A modelling analysis suggests that they could have large impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and bring about significant co-benefits in terms of clean sectors’ output growth and reductions in fossil fuel imports.
    DOI: 10.1787/5b486c18-en
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    Valuing a reduction in the risk and severity of asthma : A large scale multi-country stated preference approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.218
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Asthma is a non-communicable and non-curable lung disease that is associated with an array of environmental contaminants and chemicals. Many of these hazards are subject to regulation, or may be considered for regulation, in order to reduce exposures and prevent human health risks. However, the available information on willingness-to-pay (WTP) to avoid asthma or reduce its severity is scarce, incomplete and does not provide estimates compatible with welfare economic theory that can be used in cost-benefit analysis. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost-benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper offers values suitable for use in cost-benefit analyses of the WTP for reduced severity of asthma attacks in adults and children and in reduced probability of getting asthma for these two population groups, all in the context of reducing chemical exposures, and covering populations in seven OECD countries: Canada, Czech Republic, France, Poland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The context for such WTP elicitations was a set of household products that contain fewer hazardous chemicals than what is currently available in supermarkets but are more expensive.
    DOI: 10.1787/f289d29e-en
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    Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Distributed renewable energy in Colombia: Unlocking private investment for non-interconnected zones
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia ha priorizado el uso de energías renovables para expandir y mejorar los servicios de energía eléctrica de la población en zonas no interconectadas con la red nacional. Las recientes políticas y normas han respaldado esta ambición con medidas sucesivas para fortalecer las condiciones de inversión en energía renovable distribuida, tales como las soluciones solares fotovoltaicas (FV) independientes y minirredes solares FV híbridas. El mercado de energías renovables distribuidas en zonas no interconectadas aún es relativamente nuevo, lo cual se ve reflejado en los altos costos para conectar nuevos usuarios. Los nuevos modelos de negocio y financiamiento serán cruciales para reducir el costo de las nuevas tecnologías de energía renovable, acceder a capital privado y préstamos en volúmenes mayores y, a la larga, avanzar hacia el remplazo de los sistemas contaminantes e ineficientes de generación de diésel. En base a experiencias internacionales, el presente artículo analiza los enfoques para fortalecer las condiciones de inversión, teniendo en cuenta los mecanismos de soporte e instrumentos de eliminación de riesgos utilizados en otros lugares, los cuales pueden ayudar a cerrar la brecha financiera en Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/58322dd6-es
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: United States 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273498 , 9789264665484 , 9789264580060
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; USA ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; United States ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The United States, the world’s largest economy, has made progress in reducing several environmental pressures while maintaining one of the highest Gross Domestic Products per capita in the world. It has decoupled emissions of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, water abstractions and domestic material consumption from economic and population growth. However, high consumption levels, intensive agricultural practices, climate change and urban sprawl continue to put pressure on the natural environment. Despite the recent acceleration of action to address climate change, further efforts are needed to achieve the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The United States is also among the major contributors to marine litter with serious consequences for communities and the environment. The review provides 30 recommendations to help the United States improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on marine litter and a cross-cutting focus on environmental justice. This is the third Environmental Performance Review of the United States. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
    DOI: 10.1787/47675117-en
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    Insights on the Business Climate in Uzbekistan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264357334 , 9789264851894 , 9789264651142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Узбекистане
    Keywords: Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Frühindikator ; Privatwirtschaft ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Reform ; Usbekistan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Uzbekistan
    Abstract: Addressing barriers to private-sector development has been a long-standing ambition of the government of Uzbekistan, with an extensive programme of reforms that began in 2017 redoubling efforts to foster the growth of a more competitive and productive population of private-sector firms. Uzbekistan needs a more dynamic and innovative private sector if it is to meet the challenges and seize the opportunities of the green and digital transitions, which create a new impetus for accelerating these reforms. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Uzbekistan, this report provides new insights into their perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
    DOI: 10.1787/317ce52e-en
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    Decarbonisation Pathways for Southeast Asia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264756762
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.)
    Keywords: Dekarbonisierung ; Südostasien ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Institute of Energy Economic, Japan (IEEJ) have developed and published long-term decarbonisation pathways for Southeast Asia and Indonesia. This report provides a comparison of modelling approaches, quantitative drivers, and results from the IEA and IEEJ pathways, highlighting areas of agreement, as well as identifying and explaining differences, and thereby to derive implications.
    DOI: 10.1787/d17943d9-en
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    Artificial Intelligence in Science : Challenges, Opportunities and the Future of Research (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d820bd-en
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    Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2022 : Annual Report (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2022 (CETP) provides an overview of the programme’s major achievements in the last year. During this time, the CETP has driven forward an ambitious and impactful agenda, even as the world has contended with multiple overlapping crises. As just some examples, the CETP delivered the Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia , which ministers strongly welcomed at the G20, and has played a key role in shaping Indonesia’s landmark Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). Similarly, the IEA has been able to take its engagement to a whole new level with various African countries, such as with its first-ever report on the Clean Energy Transitions in the Greater Horn of Africa , and provided policy advice that was directly accepted into China’s latest five-year plan. More broadly, it has also supported strategically important work on critical minerals, energy employment and clean energy investment. Overall, the CETP’s combination of data, insight, advice and capacity building is making a strong positive contribution to advancing clean energy transitions around the world – with a focus on emerging and developing economies. In the five years since its launch, the CETP has become the largest and most important programme at theInternational Energy Agency (IEA). It has been the main vehicle through which theIEA has established, deepened and strengthened partnerships with major nonmember countries – those countries that are at the forefront of the clean energytransition. The programme has also played a crucial role in enabling the IEA tostrengthen its global leadership role in clean energy transitions at a pace and scalethat would otherwise not have been possible, with great benefit to theprogramme’s focus countries and IEA member countries alike.
    DOI: 10.1787/dfc77c9e-en
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  • 81
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Israel 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264424791 , 9789264585997 , 9789264670549
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Israel ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Development ; Israel
    Abstract: Israel’s rapid economic and population growth along with a high degree of urbanisation continue to exert significant pressure on the environment. Israel has raised its climate ambitions in recent years, though is not on track to reach greenhouse gas reduction targets. Enhancing biodiversity protection, addressing water pollution and adapting to the impacts of climate change require further action. Israel has taken a number of key steps to advance its zero waste and circular economy agenda. However, further efforts are required to improve waste management and introduce an economy-wide shift to a circular economy. The review provides 24 recommendations to help Israel improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on waste management and circular economy. This is the second Environmental Performance Review of Israel. It provides an independent, evidence-based evaluation of the country’s environmental performance over the past decade.
    DOI: 10.1787/0175ae95-en
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  • 82
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    How Green is Household Behaviour? : Sustainable Choices in a Time of Interlocking Crises (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264556928 , 9789264172746 , 9789264922945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nachhaltiger Konsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Household choices – such as what to eat, how to get to work and how to heat our homes – have significant implications for the environment. With the urgency of environmental action and the need to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns, making more sustainable choices holds great potential to reduce environmental impacts. Yet in the context of interlocking crises, governments face challenges in supporting households with policies that realise this potential. How Green is Household Behaviour? presents an overview of results from the 2022 OECD Survey on Environmental Policies and Individual Behaviour Change. The survey investigates household attitudes and behaviour with respect to energy, transport, waste and food systems. It was carried out across more than 17 000 households in 9 countries, including Belgium, Canada, Israel, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The data collected also include information on self-reported motivations and barriers to change, providing a unique source of empirical evidence to inform policy efforts to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns.
    DOI: 10.1787/2bbbb663-en
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  • 83
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    Climate change mitigation scenarios for financial sector target setting and alignment assessment : A stocktake and analysis of their Paris-consistency, practicality and assumptions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.223
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Climate change mitigation scenarios are a key forward-looking input for a range of financial sector analyses and assessments. The inaccurate use of mitigation scenarios can, however, contribute to unintended incentives, environmental integrity concerns, and greenwashing risks. This paper aims to inform climate change mitigation scenario providers, financial sector participants and stakeholders, and climate policymakers on how they may contribute to improved use of scenarios for the purposes of target setting and alignment assessments in the financial sector. To do so, the paper analyses climate change mitigation scenarios currently used for these purposes, based on the following analytical dimensions: consistency with the Paris Agreement, practicality, and underlying assumptions.
    DOI: 10.1787/bcd25b82-en
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  • 84
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    The State of Clean Technology Manufacturing : An Energy Technology Perspectives Special Briefing (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264778740
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Technology manufacturing plays a pivotal role in the energy transition required to meet climate, energy security and economic development goals. Deploying clean energy technologies at the pace required to put the world on a trajectory consistent with net zero emissions by mid-century will demand rapid expansion in manufacturing capacity, underpinned by secure, resilient and sustainable supply chains for their components and materials. The State of Clean Technology Manufacturing: Energy Technology Perspectives Special Briefing provides an update on recent progress in clean energy technology manufacturing in key regions. It focuses on five technologies – solar PV, wind, batteries, electrolysers and heat pumps – that will be critical to the energy transition. Manufacturing capacity for these technologies is expanding rapidly, driven by supportive policies, ambitious corporate strategies and consumer demand. The aim is to keep decision makers informed of investment trends and the impact that recent industrial strategies are having in these highly dynamic sectors. This special briefing was produced to support deliberations at the 2023 G7 Leaders' Summit in Hiroshima, Japan, from 19-21 May 2023. It builds on analysis in the latest edition of the IEA's flagship technology publication, Energy Technology Perspectives 2023 (ETP-2023), published in January 2023, to take into account the latest announced expansions in manufacturing capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0d95dec-en
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  • 85
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    Assessing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in SMEs : Towards a pilot dashboard of SME greening and green entrepreneurship indicators (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.42
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper presents the first estimates of the OECD project "Towards a pilot dashboard of SME greening and green entrepreneurship indicators", which is part of broader work of the OECD Committee on SMEs and Entrepreneurship (CSMEE) to support governments in making SMEs active players in the green transition. The paper first explains the rationale behind this measurement exercise, which relates to the importance of monitoring carbon emissions and energy consumption in the business sector, including SMEs, as governments strive to achieve their climate objectives. Thereafter, it gives an overview of the project methodology to produce estimates on the environmental footprint of SMEs. Finally, it presents the first estimates for the first five dashboard indicators: i) SME share of greenhouse gas emissions in the business sector; ii) SME share of energy consumption in the business sector; iii) SME greenhouse gas emissions (carbon) intensity; iv) SME energy intensity; v) SME energy price burden The paper also presents evidence on real SME electricity and gas consumption in Denmark thanks to pilot work with Statistics Denmark. A final Annex explains the project methodology in detail.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac8e6450-en
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  • 86
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    Public policy uses of the SEEA stocks and flows accounts (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/02
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The System of Environmental Economic Accounting Central Framework (SEEA CF) was adopted in 2012. In one decade, it has expanded to 92 countries, including most OECD countries. However, there is still work to be done by national statistics producers to increase the use of SEEA statistics. This paper focuses on the SEEA stocks and flows accounts, providing examples of where they are already used to support public policy making in high-priority areas such as climate change, environmental sustainability, the circular economy, and management of ecosystems and freshwater, as well as feeding into indicators, dashboards and other frameworks. Although these examples show that SEEA statistics are already informing public policy making in many countries, there are still important “influence gaps”. The second part of this paper discusses why these gaps exist and what can be done about them.
    DOI: 10.1787/116778b3-en
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  • 87
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    Valuing a reduction in the risk of infertility : A large scale multi-country stated preference approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.215
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: While fertility decline is a global phenomenon that has many causes, part of it can be explained by exposure to substances linked to reproductive toxicity that are produced and lead to human exposure through the environment and products. Authorities face challenges in regulating reprotoxic substances through actions such as bans and prohibitions, because of the difficulty in explicitly considering the economic benefits and costs of such regulations. Moreover, economic studies that show the value of reducing infertility caused by chemical exposure are not yet available. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to reduce the risk of infertility, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE infertility survey was fielded in 10 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/7242509f-en
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  • 88
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    A supervisory framework for assessing nature-related financial risks : Identifying and navigating biodiversity risks (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.33
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Finanzrisiko ; Bankenaufsicht ; Risikomanagement ; Zentralbank ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper presents a methodological supervisory framework to help central banks and financial supervisors assess biodiversity-related financial risks, impacts and dependencies in the financial sector, including transmission channels for physical and transition risks. This framework is designed to translate biodiversity risks into financial risks. It draws on a previous mapping of existing approaches, while also accounting for broader nature-related financial risks. While acknowledging different national circumstances, this methodological framework is designed to be applicable broadly for central banks, supervisors and commercial banks across different countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8e4991f-en
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  • 89
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    Labour and social policies for the green transition : A conceptual framework (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.295
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment
    Abstract: This study sets out a conceptual framework to analyse the impact of climate change and greenhouse gases mitigation efforts on the labour market, migration flows and people's health, as well as the most important policy levers that can cushion potential negative impacts and maximise opportunities from the climate transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/028ffbeb-en
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  • 90
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    Guidelines for the development of an OECD farmland habitat biodiversity indicator (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.201
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Lignes directrices pour l'élaboration d'un indicateur de biodiversité des habitats agricoles propre à l'OCDE
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: With half of the world's habitable land being used for agriculture, monitoring the biodiversity on agricultural land is essential for meeting the objectives of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This paper seeks to advance the monitoring of farmland biodiversity in OECD countries by investigating current national initiatives and proposing guidelines for the development of an indicator based on habitat. The proposed approach provides a flexible and pragmatic framework to harmonise reporting from national programmes while accommodating cross-country diversity in contextual factors, including farming systems, climate, biophysical conditions and species pools. To facilitate implementation in the near term, the indicator includes a three-tiered approach to reporting based on data availability, which accommodates countries with limited data resources as well as those that currently have monitoring programmes in place.
    DOI: 10.1787/09d45d55-en
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  • 91
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    Climate change adaptation policies to foster resilience in agriculture : Analysis and stocktake based on UNFCCC reporting documents (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.202
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: National climate change adaptation programmes can strengthen agriculture's resilience to adverse climatic events by investing in absorptive capacity to mitigate the impact of a shock in the short run, adaptive capacity to effect incremental changes in the medium run, and transformative capacity to create fundamentally new agricultural production systems in the long run. Using UNFCCC reporting documents, this analysis takes stock of agricultural climate change adaptation programmes in OECD countries and evaluates their contribution to developing resilience. Significant investments have been undertaken in the creation of decision support tools, the management of soil and water resources, and cultivar selection and breeding to address key agricultural vulnerabilities, namely drought, flooding and declining crop yields. Adaptation programmes developed to date most heavily emphasise adaptive capacity to address sustained and growing climate risks. Actions that contribute to transformative capacity are beginning to emerge, but lag behind medium-run measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fa2c770-en
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  • 92
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    Exploring new metrics to measure environmental innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.221
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Several efforts have been made to track progress on environmental innovations using very different approaches. However, many lack coverage, granularity, timeliness and may involve high data collection costs, especially when conducted on a large scale. Traditional indicators also overlook commercialised innovation and breakthrough innovation. This issue is particularly relevant for environmental innovation, where scaling-up is considered key to address the climate, biodiversity and pollution crises. The paper reviews potential metrics to measure commercialised climate change-related innovation and to measure breakthrough environmental innovation. By comparing advantages and drawbacks of various options, the paper selects two families of metrics to measure commercialised climate change-related innovation: one based on patent assignments and the other one based on licensing agreements. For breakthrough environmental innovation, the paper concludes that a family of metrics based on venture capital data is currently the most promising option to pursue. The paper then develops the selected new metrics and provides trends in environmental innovation over time, across sectors and when possible across countries. The paper concludes that additional data sources should be explored to extend the application of the proposed new metrics in more countries and consider a more comprehensive set of supports to innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/e57a8a13-en
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  • 93
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    Mechanisms to Prevent Carbon Lock-in in Transition Finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264986695 , 9789264476257 , 9789264732964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Klimaschutz ; Emissionshandel ; Theorie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Carbon lock-in occurs when high-emission infrastructure or assets continue to be used, despite the possibility of substituting them with low-emission alternatives, thereby delaying or preventing the transition to near-zero or zero-emission alternatives. Transition finance, which focuses on the dynamic transformation and decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, frequently faces the issue of carbon lock-in, particularly in considerations of investment feasibility and eligibility. Despite most transition finance approaches incorporating lock-in avoidance as a core principle, existing transition instruments and approaches put in place varying or limited mechanisms to prevent lock-in. Building on the OECD Guidance on Transition Finance, this report takes stock of how carbon lock-in risk is addressed in existing transition finance approaches (such as taxonomies, roadmaps, or guidance), financial instruments, and relevant public and private investment frameworks and methodologies. The report provides good practices on the integration of credible mechanisms to prevent carbon lock-in, address greenwashing risks and build confidence in the market. It can inform both public and private actors in the development of transition finance approaches, standards for green, transition and sustainability-linked debt, frameworks for corporate transition plans, or broader climate-related disclosure frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5c49358-en
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  • 94
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    Risk-based Regulatory Design for the Safe Use of Hydrogen (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264745353 , 9789264628809 , 9789264612327
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (432 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Low-emission hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition to tackle the climate crisis. It can decarbonate "hard-to-abate" sectors still relying on fossil fuels, turn low-carbon electricity into a fuel that can be transported using pipelines and provide a green transport alternative, in particular for heavy-duty and long-distance transport. Given its potential to combat climate change, it can allow for a net reduction in societal risks if managed responsibly. However, while its potential is widely acknowledged, its application is not yet meeting ambitions. Regulation is crucial to facilitate its application and ensure its safety. This report analyses trends, risks, and regulation of hydrogen technologies across economies. It supports the use of low-emission hydrogen as part of the energy transition, by making recommendations for effective risk-based regulation, regulatory delivery and governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/46d2da5e-en
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  • 95
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    Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 10 : OECD Consensus Document on Environmental Considerations for the Release of Transgenic Plants (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264182714 , 9789264351684 , 9789264625709
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Volume 10 of the Series contains the consensus document on the "Environmental Considerations for Risk/Safety Assessment for the Release of Transgenic Plants" developed by the OECD Working Party on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology. Transgenic plant varieties are subject to official risk/safety assessment, science-based and case-by-case, before their potential release into the environment. The document contains general information on environmental risk/safety assessment, its key concepts, structure and planning. Annexes describe seven examples of environmental considerations routinely examined by assessors and taken from experience gained during such assessment: Invasiveness and weediness; Vertical gene flow; Organisms (animals); Soil functions; Plant health; Crop management practices; and Biodiversity (protected species and habitats/ecosystems). The purpose of this document is not to elaborate new terminology or to describe how to undertake an actual risk/safety assessment, but rather to outline an approach and provide illustrative examples for helping assessors in planning and structuring an environmental risk/safety assessment. This document should be of interest to regulators and safety assessors, as well as to plant breeders and the wider scientific community. More information, including other tools for environmental risk/safety assessment such as OECD consensus documents on the biology of crop species, are found at BioTrack Online.
    DOI: 10.1787/62ed0e04-en
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  • 96
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    Orientations stratégiques pour atténuer les risques de flux financiers illicites dans le négoce de produits pétroliers : Favoriser l'intégrité dans le cadre de la transition énergétique (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Policy Guidance on Mitigating the Risks of Illicit Financial Flows in Oil Commodity Trading: Enabling Integrity in the Energy Transition
    Keywords: Energy ; Taxation ; Development ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Ces orientations stratégiques résultent du programme de travail pluriannuel du Comité d'aide au développement sur les flux financiers illicites (FFI) dans le négoce de produits pétroliers. Elles visent à proposer, au titre de l'aide publique au développement (APD), un ensemble de mesures utiles, réalistes et applicables pour lutter contre les FFI dans le négoce de produits pétroliers. L'objectif est d'accroître la mobilisation des ressources intérieures au profit des populations qui vivent dans les pays en développement producteurs de pétrole, et de favoriser l'intégrité dans le cadre de la transition énergétique, en particulier pour le commerce de carbone.
    DOI: 10.1787/6be48734-fr
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  • 97
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    Essai n°126 : Détermination de l'index d'hydrophobicité des nanomatériaux par mesure de l'affinité (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264720282
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 126: Determination of the Hydrophobicity Index of Nanomaterials Through an Affinity Measurement
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode qui permet de déterminer l'index d'hydrophobicité (Hy) des nanomatériaux (NMs), au moyen d'une mesure d'affinité. L'hydrophobicité est définie par "l'association de groupes ou molécules non-polaires dans un environnement aqueux qui provient de la tendance de l'eau d'exclure les moléculaes non-polaires". En mesurant le taux de liaison à différentes surfaces conçues (colleceteurs), Hy exprime la tendance des nanomatériaux de se lier à des surfaces non-poliares (hydrophobiques) à cause de leur faible affinité pour l'eau. La méthode s'applique aux nanomatériaux dispersés dans une solution aqueuse ou à des poudres de NMS après leur dispersion dans des solutions aqueuse, avec ou sans tensioactif, suivant un protocole recommandé.
    DOI: 10.1787/791cdd8f-fr
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  • 98
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    Assessing and Anticipating Skills for the Green Transition : Unlocking Talent for a Sustainable Future (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264621640 , 9789264982536 , 9789264838819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Keywords: Fachkräfte ; Qualifikation ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Bildungspolitik ; Australien ; Österreich ; Frankreich ; Norwegen ; Schweden ; Education ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; France ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: Policies aimed at reducing the environmental impact of human activities have important consequences for labour markets, jobs, and skills. As employment is shifting towards more sustainable activities, workers are increasingly expected to have skills that support the transition to a greener economy. Assessing and anticipating emerging skill needs is crucial to avoid bottlenecks and sustain the green transition. This report sheds light on existing methods to measure changes in skill demand and supply related to the green transition through an in-depth review of practices in five OECD countries (Australia, Austria, France, Norway and Sweden). It also identifies best practice on how to feed information on changing skill needs into policies, notably in the areas of employment, career guidance, education and adult learning.
    DOI: 10.1787/28fa0bb5-en
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  • 99
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    PISA 2022 Results (Volume I) : The State of Learning and Equity in Education (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264351288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (491 pages)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education--Demographic aspects ; Education--Evaluation ; Education and state ; Electronic books ; Education
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. Volume VI: Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World? explores students' ability to examine issues of local, global and cultural significance; understand and appreciate the perspectives and worldviews of others; engage in open, appropriate and effective interactions across cultures; and take action for collective well-being and sustainable development.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    DOI: 10.1787/53f23881-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 100
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    PISA 2022 Results (Volume II) : Learning During - and From - Disruption (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264898219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (458 pages)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education--Demographic aspects ; Education--Evaluation ; Education and state ; Electronic books ; Education
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. Volume VI: Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World? explores students' ability to examine issues of local, global and cultural significance; understand and appreciate the perspectives and worldviews of others; engage in open, appropriate and effective interactions across cultures; and take action for collective well-being and sustainable development.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    DOI: 10.1787/a97db61c-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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