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  • 2015-2019  (4,076)
  • 1970-1974  (43)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (4,119)
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  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Skills Outlook 2019 Thriving in a Digital World (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (274 pages)
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Outlook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2244
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Functional literacy
    Abstract: Economies and societies are undergoing digital transformations that bring both opportunities and challenges and countries' preparedness to seize the benefits of a digital world is largely dependent on the skills of their population.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Skills Studies Skills Matter Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264799004
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (132 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2244
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Functional literacy
    Abstract: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour-market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills have been growing substantially. Based on the results from the 39 countries and regions that participated in the 1st cycle of the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), it places special emphasis on the results from the 3rd round of this cycle, with 6 new countries collecting data in 2018-19. This report describes adults' proficiency in information-processing skills and examines how proficiency is related to education, labour-market and social outcomes.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The changing landscape of agricultural markets and trade : prospects for future reforms (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 118
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Politische Reform ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report synthesises OECD work analysing agricultural policies, markets and trade. It highlights recent developments in agricultural markets and policies and considers how these have changed the source and nature of the gains from multilateral reform, and considers opportunities for further reforms. In large part, gains from further reform come from the opportunities to increase income and jobs through increasing agro-food sector participation in global and domestic value chains. Countries can enhance the overall competitiveness of their agro-food sectors though more open trade policies and reducing the impacts of measures that raise trade costs. This includes reducing distorting domestic support and market access barriers, including to agro-food imports; ensuring that non-tariff measures are appropriate, transparent, and science-based; and reducing barriers to services trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/7dec9074-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vintage differentiated regulations and plant survival : evidence from coal-fired plants (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 144
    Keywords: Kohlekraftwerk ; Dauer ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltrecht ; Energierecht ; Welt ; 1962 - 2012 ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses the effect of environmental regulations on plant survival and emissions using data on the extent of vintage differentiation of regulations (VDR5) regarding air pollution emission limit values for existing and new coal-fired power plants. Focussing on NOx and SOx emissions, the paper applies survival analysis techniques on a sample of generating units across 31 OECD and non-member countries between 1962 and 2012.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/31621ca6-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring consumer inflation in a digital economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2019, 1
    Keywords: Inflation ; Digitalisierung ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Sozialer Wandel ; Verbraucherpreisindex ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The effect on the household consumption price index from possible sources of error in capturing digital products depends on the weight of the affected products. To calculate upper bounds for this effect, we apply weights based on the average structure of household consumption in OECD countries to a maximum plausible overstatement of price change for each affected or potentially affected product. The products account for about 35% of household expenditure in 2005, declining to 32% in 2015. The upper bound simulation effect on the growth rate of the consumption deflator is somewhat less than –0.6 percentage points in 2015 – large enough to improve the picture of GDP and productivity growth in advanced economies. However, this would not overturn the conclusion that productivity growth has slowed substantially compared over the past decades.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/1d002364-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital opportunities for trade in the agriculture and food sectors (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 122
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How are new opportunities to create and share information shaping the digital transformation of the agriculture and food system, and thus potentially fostering its reorganisation? This report focuses on cross-border trade aspects along the global agriculture and food value chain, and looks at how changes brought about by digital technologies can influence who participates in the value chain, where value added is created, and how value is distributed between actors in the chain. However, it is not only changes in the agriculture and food sector from digital technologies that matters, but also the digital transformation of other actors in the global value chain (GVC) such as support services, logistics and governments. Digital technologies present a potential to reduce trade and transaction costs, including those related to identifying and negotiating a deal, proving compliance with standards and to delivering products across borders quickly and efficiently.
    DOI: 10.1787/91c40e07-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The evolution of the treatment of agriculture in preferential trade agreements (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 126
    Keywords: Agraraußenhandel ; Handelspräferenzen ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; WTO-Recht ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Preferential trading agreements are becoming a more common feature of the global agro food trading environment, a trend that has increased since the early 2000s. While they increasingly cover the majority of trade worldwide, there remains a question as to the extent to which their treatment of agriculture has changed over time, and whether the liberalising elements contained in these agreements are increasingly addressing distortions in world agro-food markets. This paper presents findings on the evolution of the treatment of agriculture within preferential trade agreements. Changes in various aspects of liberalisation achieved through these agreements have been explored, such as provisions related to market access, export competition and domestic support. The report finds that agriculture appears to be increasingly treated in a similar manner to other goods trade, with expansion in the scope of agreements extending to agriculture. Agreements are delivering reduced tariffs among members across the majority of agricultural commodities – however, heterogeneity of rules of origin between agreements is likely to be undermining these benefits. Reflecting multilateral rules, provisions related to Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures and Technical Barriers to Trade have become a standard feature of agreements. Overall, preferential trade agreements are strongly influenced by the multilateral framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/751d274f-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade and cross-border data flows (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 220
    Keywords: Electronic Commerce ; Elektronischer Datenaustausch ; Grenze ; Datensicherheit ; Datenschutz ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The ubiquitous exchange of data across borders has given rise to a range of concerns by governments and citizens about some of the effects of so much information being collected and used, often without the knowledge of data subjects. This has led countries to condition or prohibit the transfer of data abroad, affecting trade in the process. This paper develops an indicative taxonomy of domestic approaches to cross-border data flow regulation and local storage requirements; it then surveys international instruments that address the question of international data transfers. The paper then examines the issues that data flow restrictions might raise for consumers and businesses. Against this backdrop, the paper highlights the challenge of finding balance between ensuring that important objectives, such as consumer privacy and security, are met while maintaining the benefits from free flows of data, including the benefits from increased and more inclusive digital trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/b2023a47-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intra-EEA STRI database : methodology and results (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 223
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents new data on regulatory barriers affecting services trade within the European Economic Area (EEA), covering 25 EEA countries, 22 sectors and five years (2014-2018). Following the methodology of the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), qualitative information is scored and weighted to produce binary composite indices. The resulting intra-EEA STRIs reveal that services trade restrictiveness within the Single Market is considerably lower than the applied MFN regime of those EEA members. Moreover, they show that EEA members have achieved significant regulatory harmonisation through their integration process.
    DOI: 10.1787/2aac6d21-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SMEs : key drivers of green and inclusive growth (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2019, 03
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (“SMEs”) are important stakeholders for both environmental and economic policymaking. Among OECD countries, they represent roughly 99.7% of all enterprises and 60% of total employment. Simultaneously, while their individual environmental footprint is small, on aggregate, SMEs contribute up to 70% of industrial pollution in Europe. Thus, they have tremendous potential as drivers of green and inclusive growth. Through a comprehensive literature review, this issue paper assesses the trade-offs and synergies between SMEs’ ability to deliver green growth – through greening processes like eco-innovation and adoption of green measures - and their ability to contribute to inclusive growth – through job creation and inclusive business models. This issue paper also reviews relevant policy measures that can help SMEs navigate the opportunities and challenges in delivering green and inclusive growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/8a51fc0c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hong Kong (China) 2019 (second round) : peer review report on the exchange of information on request : March 2019 (reflecting the legal and regulatory framework as at December 2018) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264730274
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hong Kong (China) 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Hongkong ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Hongkong ; Steuerverwaltung ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
    DOI: 10.1787/34f9b9a8-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Approaches to market openness in the digital age (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 219
    Keywords: Internationaler Markteintritt ; Digitalisierung ; Elektronischer Datenaustausch ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The digital transformation has had a profound impact on international trade, lowering barriers to internationalisation and contributing to growing trade competitiveness, but at the same time making international trade transactions more complex. Distinctions between goods and services and between modes of delivery have become blurred, and trade today must not only to be faster and more reliable, but also meet a range of regulatory requirements that differ across markets, including those related to privacy, consumer protection and security. Against this backdrop, this paper suggests that new and more holistic approaches to market openness are needed for the 21st century. These should take into consideration issues that span goods, services and digital networks more jointly and involve more international dialogue between a range of stakeholders and policy communities. The paper then discusses how principles of good regulatory practice in relation to market openness – in particular, transparency, non-discrimination, interoperability and avoidance of unnecessary trade restrictiveness – can provide guidance when approaching some of these emerging challenges, with a view to helping inform policy makers as they consider rules for the digital age.
    DOI: 10.1787/818a7498-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring distortions in international markets : the aluminium value chain (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 121 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 218
    Keywords: Aluminium ; Wertschöpfung ; Metallmarkt ; Subvention ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report builds on the OECD’s longstanding work measuring government support in agriculture, fossil fuels, and fisheries in order to estimate support and related market distortions in the aluminium value chain. Results show that non-market forces, and government support in particular, appear to explain some of the recent increases in aluminium-smelting capacity. While government support is commonly found throughout the aluminium value chain, it is especially heavy in the People’s Republic of China and countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Looking across the whole value chain also shows subsidies upstream to confer significant support to downstream activities, such as the production of semi-fabricated products of aluminium. Overall, market distortions appear to be a genuine concern in the aluminium industry, and one that has implications for global competition and the design of trade rules disciplining government support.
    DOI: 10.1787/c82911ab-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contemporary civil-military relations in the Sahel (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 19 (February 2019)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper examines the evolution and the contemporary state of civil-military relations in the francophone Sahel (Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal). In a first step, the paper traces the emergence of excessive political influence of the armed forces (praetorianism) in the Sahel. Out of these, only Senegal has remained under civilian rule since independence. The other countries have experienced military dictatorship at some point. Over the last thirty years, the Sahel has seen a shift toward more civilian oversight in political affairs. In Chad and Mauritania, however, the armed forces remain the pre-eminent political actor. In Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, sections of the armed forces refuse to accept civilian rule. The second part examines the various challenges and tasks the armed forces in all six countries have been involved in over the last two decades. Although these challenges differ substantially across the six individual countries, the Sahel as a whole continues to struggle primarily with domestic security threats. The paper concludes with guidelines designed to foster civilian oversight and democratic reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/f17713c9-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Keywords: Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311053-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxation and the future of work : how tax systems influence choice of employment form (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Additional Information: Anhang Milanez, Anna Annex - Taxation and the future of work Paris : OECD Publishing, 2019
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers no. 41
    Keywords: Einkommensteuer ; Arbeitskräfte ; Selbstständige ; Arbeitsgesellschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Recent policy discussion has highlighted the variety of ways in which the world of work is changing. One development prevalent in some countries has been an increase certain forms of non-standard work. Is this beneficial, representing increased flexibility in the workforce, or detrimental, representing a deterioration in job quality driven by automation, globalisation and the market power of large employers? These changes also raise crucial issues for tax systems. Differences in tax treatment across employment forms may create tax arbitrage opportunities. This paper investigates the potential for such opportunities for eight countries. It models the labour income taxation, inclusive of social contributions, of standard employees and then of self-employed workers (with applicable tax rules detailed in the paper’s annex). The aim is to understand whether countries’ tax systems treat different employment forms differently, before approaching the broader question of whether differential treatment has merit when evaluated against tax design principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/20f7164a-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and the impact of online sales (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 142
    Keywords: Produkthaftung ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Extended producer responsibility or product stewardship is a policy approach that aims to increase waste recovery and recycling. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems aim to make producers responsible for the environmental impacts of their products throughout the product chain, from design to the end-of-life phase. This report focuses on free-riding of producers or retailers, which the fast expansion of online sales in recent years has been exacerbating. Online sales are creating new free-riding opportunities as consumers are able to buy more easily from sellers in other countries. These sellers often have no physical, legal entity in the country where the consumer resides, and are not registered with national or local EPR schemes.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/cde28569-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tracking finance flows towards assessing their consistency with climate objectives : proposed scope, knowns and unknowns (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 146
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Achieving a low-greenhouse gas (GHG) development requires making finance flows consistent with this objective. In order to measure progress to date as well as inform future public action in this area, this paper calls for further efforts to track gross primary investments flows in new infrastructure and equipment and the refurbishment of such assets, as well underlying sources of finance. The proposed scope focuses on tangible fixed assets with a direct and significant impact on GHG emissions.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/82cc3a4c-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Value adding pathways in agriculture and food trade : the role of GVCs and services (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 123
    Keywords: Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Dienstleistung ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors have the potential to influence trading relationships and the gains from trade for different sectors along the value chain. This report explores the way in which value from trade and GVC participation is created for the agriculture sector. It examines differences in returns to the sector from participation in GVCs and trade either directly in contrast to participation that relies on downstream domestic processing. The study makes use of a database on trade in value added for 22 agro-food sectors derived from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that aggregate value to the agriculture and to the economy overall from direct participation in trade and GVCs generates at least as much value as participation that relies on domestic downstream processing. Similar overall gains from primary exports are associated with greater volumes and the value created from ‘value addition’ to these exports – the embodied service and other inputs. Indeed, countries that specialise in primary exports have higher shares of service value added in these exports, with this also being a determinant of value growth for middle-income countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb8bb93d-en
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Navigating pathways to reform water policies in agriculture (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 128
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Wasserpolitik ; Wasserpreis ; Subvention ; Bewässerung ; Grundwasser ; Gewässerbelastung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report offers a guide on potential reform pathways towards sustainable agriculture water use, based on a thorough review of selected past water and agriculture reforms and extensive consultation with policy experts. A theory of change is developed that emphasises the importance of flexibility in the timing and design of reform processes to achieve practical and effective policy changes. Governments should prepare future reforms, via continued research, education, and governance efforts, to help take advantage of reform opportunities when the timing is right. Five necessary conditions are identified for a successful reform process: (i) support evidence-based problem definition, objective setting and evaluations; (ii) ensure that governance and institutions are aligned with the policy change; (iii) engage stakeholders strategically and build trust; (iv) rebalance economic incentives to mitigate short run economic losses; and (v) define an adjustable smart reform sequencing that provides flexibility in the long run. These conditions are found to be necessary to implement four challenging policy changes: charging water use in agriculture; removing subsidies that negatively impact water resources, regulating groundwater use and addressing nonpoint source pollution. But the relative effort that governments need to devote to fulfilling each of the five conditions will vary depending on the policy change.
    DOI: 10.1787/906cea2b-en
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  • 23
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    Trade and economic effects of IRC : further empirical evidence from SPS and TBT provisions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 224
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Handelsabkommen ; Gravitationsmodell ; Nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse ; Welt ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cutting trade costs, especially those stemming from non-tariff measures, is a growing priority for policy makers. One way to achieve this is for countries to improve their co-operation on regulatory matters. An avenue open to governments is to include provisions related to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) into preferential trade agreements (PTAs). However, there exists little empirical evidence of the benefits of these co-operative mechanisms. This paper provides this evidence, in the context of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provisions. It measures the effect of IRC mechanisms on trade flows using the latest developments in the gravity literature and the most recent data sources. The work distinguishes between different forms of co-operation implemented between countries within PTAs while also accounting for the level of commitment between partners. The estimation results suggest that PTAs including SPS and TBT measures have a significant and positive effect on trade flows, with the legal enforceability of IRC mechanisms having the strongest and most robust impact on trade flows. This result holds even when WTO-related provisions and dispute settlement procedures are controlled for, implying that binding commitments are important in maximizing post-PTA trade flows. The work shows that transparency and co-operation are significant and robust factors in increasing trade. It also reinforces the view that the impact takes some time to materialise, which is important when evaluating the effectiveness of deep IRC mechanisms.
    DOI: 10.1787/8648b6ca-en
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  • 24
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264947771
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 166 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Energy policies of IEA countries 2019
    Series Statement: Sweden
    Series Statement: Energy policies of IEA countries Sweden
    Keywords: Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: Sweden is leading the way towards a low-carbon society. In recent years, the country has adopted an energy and climate framework with ambitious long‑term and interim goals, including a target of 100% renewable energy in electricity generation by 2040. In this review of Sweden’s energy policies, the International Energy Agency (IEA) looks at how the country is managing its energy transition, as well as how this transition affects energy security. Sweden’s electricity system – based on nuclear, hydro and a growing share of wind power – is nearly fossil‑free. The country, which is well interconnected with its neighbours, has become a large net exporter of electricity. However, the power sector faces uncertainty from the likely phase‑out of nuclear within the next few decades. The challenge will be to maintain stability while more variable forms of renewable energy enter the system to replace nuclear power. Sweden’s energy policies give preference to technology‑neutral measures and market mechanisms, with the aim to reduce emissions in a cost‑effective way. Carbon taxation in particular has been an effective driver of decarbonisation, and Sweden has showed that high environmental taxes can be combined with sustained economic growth. As the electricity and heat supply is largely decarbonised, the main challenge for Sweden is to reduce emissions in the transport sector, which gets special attention in the review. In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for further improvements of Sweden’s energy policy to help the country continue to transform its energy sectors in a secure, affordable and environmentally sustainable manner.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4ff3340-en
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  • 25
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    Influencing GVCs through agro-food policy and reform (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 125
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Wertschöpfung ; Agraraußenhandel ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Handelsabkommen ; CGE-Modell ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors contribute to sector growth and development. However, agricultural trade is subject to significant distortions that limit trade which in turn impacts on its competitiveness world-wide. Using the OECD Metro model, this study analyses the impact of trade and domestic support policies on participation in agro-food GVCs and the benefits that flow from them. The results show that current market access barriers and distorting forms of domestic support have a negative effect not only on welfare, but also on the possible benefits from participation in agro-food GVCs. If barriers, i.e. tariffs and quotas, were removed this would offer the potential to increase welfare, increase exports of agro-food domestic value added from all countries, and promote trade by furthering GVC links through value added. This study also shows that regional trade agreements have the potential to deepen GVC linkages amongst members.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ce888e0-en
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  • 26
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    Employment in agriculture and food trade : assessing the role of GVCS (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 124
    Keywords: 2004 - 2014 ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Landwirtschaft ; Wertschöpfung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Agricultural sectors are increasingly integrated into international markets as global value chains (GVCs) expand. This integration is helping to drive value added growth in the sector, including the returns that flow to labour. This report explores the impact that trade and agro-food GVC participation has on labour returns and thereby employment not only within the agricultural sectors, but across other sectors of the economy. At the global level, trade and agro-food GVCs generated an average of between 20-26% of total agricultural workforce returns between 2004 and 2014, and labour returns were generated from both direct participation in trade and from indirect participation through other downstream sectors. This report finds that the impact on economy-wide labour returns is on average greater for countries specialising in direct exports of primary products as compared to those specialising in indirect agricultural exports. Evidence also shows that agricultural subsidies have a negative impact both on labour returns from primary sector exports and the returns generated indirectly from processing-sector exports.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ed3b181-en
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  • 27
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    How do Europeans differ in their attitudes to immigration? : findings from the European Social Survey 2002/03-2016/17 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 222
    Keywords: Öffentliche Meinung ; Einwanderung ; Flüchtlinge ; Kultursoziologie ; Europa ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Nordic countries such as Sweden, Norway and Finland have been consistently the most favourable to immigration while eastern European countries such as the Czech Republic and Hungary have been the least favourable. Despite their relatively high average levels of support for immigration, however, many countries of western and northern Europe are quite strongly polarized internally along educational and age lines. This can perhaps explain why political divisions over immigration can be so salient in these countries. Comparing results from 2002/03 and 2016/07, one finds that European attitudes were on average quite stable. However, a number of countries became more generous while several others became more negative. On the issue of government policy towards refugees, there was a marked shift in a negative direction after the 2015/16 refugee crisis. Countries such as Austria, Germany, and Sweden which had experienced large inflows of refugees showed particularly large declines in public support for generous government policy towards asylum requests.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/0adf9e55-en
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  • 28
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    Do digital skill certificates help new workers enter the market? : evidence from an online labour platform (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 225
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Signalling ; Humankapital ; Freie Mitarbeiter ; Telearbeit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Digitale Plattform ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies the effects of a voluntary skill certification scheme in an online freelancing labour market. The paper show that obtaining skill certificates increases a worker’s earnings. This effect is not driven by increased worker productivity but by decreased employer uncertainty. The increase in worker earnings is mostly realised through an increase in the value of the projects obtained (up to 10%) rather than an increase in the number of projects obtained (up to 0.03 projects). In addition, the paper finds evidence for negative selection to completing skill certificates, which suggests that the workers who complete more skill certificates are, on average, in a more disadvantaged position in the labour market. Finally, skill certificates are found to be an imperfect substitute to other types of standardised information. On the whole, the results suggest that certificates play a role in helping new workers break into the labour market, but are more valuable to workers with at least some work experience. More stringent skill certification tests could improve the benefits to new workers.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/3388385e-en
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  • 29
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    Unconventional monetary policy and productivity : evidence on the risk-seeking channel from us corporate bond markets (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 17 (January 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Unconventional monetary policy ; productivity ; capital reallocation ; bond markets ; United States ; United States ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We examine the relationship between lax monetary policy, access to high-yield bond markets and productivity in the US between 2008 and 2016. Using monetary policy surprises, obtained from changes in interest rates futures in narrow windows around FOMC announcements, we isolate the increased access to high-yield bond markets relative to investment-grade bond markets that is due to unconventional monetary policy (UMP). We find that through the risk-taking channel, UMP has increased investors’ appetite for high-yield US corporate bonds, thereby increasing access to high-yield bond markets for firms with a higher risk profile. Since the relationship between credit ratings and firm-level productivity is U-shaped, the aggregate effect on productivity is a priori unclear. Turning to the real economy, we thus analyse whether this additional access to finance had an effect on aggregate productivity by altering the reallocation of resources across firms. Our results show that unconventional monetary policy induced less investment in tangible capital by high-productive firms. However, before drawing conclusions on the net effects of UMP on aggregate productivity, we discuss a number of issues that this paper could not deal with due to data limitations, including prominently whether this apparent misallocation may have been offset by a shift in the composition of investments towards more intangible investment.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/06d2cce0-en
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  • 30
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    Digital dividend : policies to harness the productivity potential of digital technologies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 26 (February 2019)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Informationstechnik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Technologiepolitik ; Industriepolitik ; Qualifikation ; Wettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents a range of policies to enhance adoption of digital technologies and firm productivity. It quantifies illustratively the effect of policy changes by combining the results of two recent OECD analyses on the drivers of adoption and their productivity benefits. Increasing access to high-speed internet, upgrading technical and managerial skills and implementing product and labour market reforms to facilitate the reallocation of resources in the economy are found to be the main factors supporting the efficient adoption of a selection of digital technologies. The most productive firms have benefitted relatively more from digitalisation in the past, contributing to a widening productivity gap with less productive firms. Policies should create the conditions for efficient adoption by less productive firms, which would help them to catch up, achieving a double dividend in terms of growth and inclusiveness. Enhancing skills has a key role to play in this area since less productive firms suffer relatively more from skill shortages.
    DOI: 10.1787/273176bc-en
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  • 31
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    Evaluating the impact of urban road pricing on the use of green transport modes : the case of Milan (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 143
    Keywords: City-Maut ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Fahrrad ; Share Economy ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Mailand ; Environment ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of congestion pricing on the demand for clean transport modes. To this end, it draws on an empirical analysis of the effect of Milan’s congestion charge on the use of bike sharing. The analysis indicates that congestion pricing increases daily bike-sharing use by at least 5% in the short term. Extending the schedule of the congestion charge in the early evening increases bike-sharing use in the affected time window by 12%. The impact of the policy on bike-sharing use mainly occurs through the reduction of road traffic congestion, which makes cycling safer and more pleasant. The findings of the study indicate that policies aiming to reduce car use also have positive repercussions on the uptake of green mobility options. Relying solely on direct incentives for cycling, which often involve infrastructure projects, is likely insufficient to remove barriers to bike use.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/ddaa6b25-en
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  • 32
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    Annex - Taxation and the future of work : how tax systems influence choice of employment form (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 127 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Additional Information: Anhang zu Milanez, Anna Taxation and the future of work Paris : OECD Publishing, 2019
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers no. 42
    Keywords: Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This annex details the tax treatment of standard employees and self-employed workers in eight countries: Argentina, Australia, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The accompanying paper models and discusses the labour income taxation, inclusive of social contributions, of standard employees and then of self-employed workers. The aim is to understand whether countries’ tax systems treat different employment forms differently, before approaching the broader question of whether differential treatment has merit when evaluated against tax design principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b20cce5-en
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  • 33
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    Micro-evidence on corporate relationships in global value chains : the role of trade, FDI and strategic partnerships (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 227
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Außenhandel ; Wertschöpfung ; Unternehmenskooperation ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) have sharpened the interdependencies between trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). Using a novel micro-level dataset covering about 27 000 corporate relationships of 147 multinational enterprises (MNEs) in 13 sectors, new evidence is provided on how firms organise their production globally by combining trade with investment, and on a range of non-equity, contract-based partnerships. The analysis leads to five stylised facts. First, MNE activities are a combination of trade, FDI and strategic partnerships. All firms rely on a mix of these different types of corporate relationships. Second, the configuration of trade, investment and strategic partnerships varies across sectors, firms and markets. The results highlight considerable firm-level heterogeneity within the same industry and across the different modes of entry. Third, investment performs various functions in GVCs. In addition to traditional forms of FDI such as “market-seeking” or “input-seeking”, investment “in capabilities” or “conglomerate” FDI also account for a relevant share of equity-based relationships. Fourth, support business functions emerge as key building blocks in GVCs, which suggests that policy reforms in transversal services sectors that support all GVCs should merit special attention. Fifth, GVCs display a clear geographical organisation. While domestic corporate relationships may lead to higher volumes of activities, in terms of the number of relationships MNEs have more partners abroad. Moreover, the large majority of GVC interactions take place within OECD countries. Overall, the complex and heterogeneous interlinkages observed in modern firm strategies highlight the importance of ensuring a level playing field for both trade and investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/f6225ffb-en
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  • 34
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    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in the Netherlands : in-depth policy review (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 01
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/01
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Niederlande ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of the Dutch policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in the country. Key policy issues analysed include: clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); formally recognising social enterprises and boosting social entrepreneurship (Chapter 3); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 4); developing social entrepreneurial capacity and skills (Chapter 5); improving access to markets and finance (Chapters 6 and 7); and ensuring sustainable institutional support for social entrepreneurship and social innovation (Chapter 8).
    DOI: 10.1787/4e8501b8-en
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  • 35
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    SIGI 2019 Global Report : transforming challenges into opportunities (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264434738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (229 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SIGI 2019 Global Report
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Institutionenökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/bc56d212-en
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  • 36
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    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Lithuania : in-depth policy review (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 02
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/02
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Litauen ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This review provides an in-depth analysis of the Lithuanian policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. Key policy issues analysed include: raising awareness and clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); coordinating policy and legal frameworks (Chapter 3); enhancing the role of social enterprises in public procurement (Chapter 4); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 5); and improving their access to finance (Chapter 6).
    DOI: 10.1787/502fc6ef-en
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  • 37
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    Statistical profiling in public employment services : an international comparison (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 224
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsuche ; Arbeitsverwaltung ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Profiling tools help to deliver employment services more efficiently. They can ensure that more costly, intensive services are targeted at jobseekers most at risk of becoming long term unemployed. Moreover, the detailed information on the employment barriers facing jobseekers obtained through the profiling process can be used to tailor services more closely to their individual needs. While other forms of profiling exist, the focus is on statistical profiling, which makes use of statistical models to predict jobseekers’ likelihood of becoming long-term unemployed. An overview on profiling tools currently used throughout the OECD is presented, considerations for the development of such tools, and some insights into the latest developments such as using “click data” on job searches and advanced machine learning techniques. Also discussed are the limitations of statistical profiling tools and options for policymakers on how to address those in the development and implementation of statistical profiling tools.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/b5e5f16e-en
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  • 38
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    Productivity and wage effects of firm-level collective agreements : evidence from Belgian linked panel data (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 223
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Lohn ; Firmentarifvertrag ; Panel ; Belgien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How do firm-level collective agreements affect firm performance in a multi-level bargaining system? Using detailed Belgian linked employer-employee panel data, our findings show that firm agreements increase both wage costs and labour productivity (with respect to sector-level agreements). Relying on a recent approach developed by Bartolucci (2014), they also indicate that firm agreements exert a stronger impact on wages than on productivity, so that on average profitability is hampered. However, this rent-sharing effect only holds in sectors where firms are more concentrated. Firm agreements are thus mainly found to raise wages beyond labour productivity when the rents to be shared between workers and firms are relatively big. Overall, this suggests that firm-level agreements benefit both employers and employees – through higher productivity and wages – without being detrimental to firms’ gross profits.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/132aa88e-en
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  • 39
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    The environmental and welfare implications of parking policies (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 145
    Keywords: Parken ; Preismanagement ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Verkehrspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Parking policies have significant environmental and economic implications, which have often been left unconsidered. This paper reviews the relevant literature to provide a deeper understanding of the main environmental and economic consequences of common parking policies, and suggest policy options to protect the environment and increase social welfare.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/16d610cc-en
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  • 40
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    Dynamic changes and effects of agro-food GVCS (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 119
    Keywords: 2004 - 2014 ; Agroindustrie ; Wertschöpfung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global value chains (GVCs) in agriculture and food sectors are becoming an important part of the agro-food trading landscape, influencing both the nature of the gains from trade and the impacts of trade policies. This study explores the changes in trade in value added that are occurring within agro-food GVCs and the implications that participation in agro-food GVCs has had on the agro-food sectors. It makes use of a database on trade in value added for 22 agro-food sectors derived from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database. The study finds that between 2004 and 2014, agro-food sectors have been increasing their participation in GVCs and that the links created within these production networks have become more “global” in nature. At the same time, agro-food GVCs have become increasingly centred around hubs in the People’s Republic of China and Germany where large amounts of value added are funnelled before reaching the end consumer. The study also finds that participation in agro-food GVCs is beneficial for sector development and growth – both in aggregate terms and in terms of domestic value added from exports. Of key importance has been the use of foreign value added and access to a wide diversity of imported inputs. However, policies that restrict trade and limit market openness reduce participation and sector growth and development – including policies that create barriers to trade in agro-food products themselves. In addition, the study finds that the use of services value added in exports is an important factor that contributes to sector growth, which highlights the importance of the broader policy environment to enhance the benefits from agro-food GVCs.
    DOI: 10.1787/43b7bcec-en
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    Investing in youth : Peru (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264305823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Peru ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Peru
    Abstract: The present report on Peru is part of the series on "Investing in Youth", which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of social, employment, education and training policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the "NEETs"). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), and Norway (2018).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305823-en
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  • 42
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    A review of “Transition Management” strategies : lessons for advancing the green low-carbon transition (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2019, 04
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of the low-carbon transition for workers and the relevant lessons-learnt in previous industrial restructuring experiences. The evidence suggests that, while climate policies are likely to have a modest impact on aggregate employment, workers in certain regions and industries can be more severely affected. The transition may also have gender-differentiated impacts: men represent the largest share of the workforce of most negatively affected industries (e.g. coal-mining) while the growth of the renewable power generation sector, which exhibits a relatively more gender-balanced workforce, suggests that female employment may increase in the traditionally male-dominated energy sector. Lessons from the case-studies underline that a suite of polices is necessary to manage the structural adjustment process, including structural reforms and skills policies. Importantly, the low-carbon transition differentiates itself from previous restructuring experiences because of its policy-driven nature and the possibility to finance structural adjustment measures through carbon-pricing revenues.
    DOI: 10.1787/4617a02b-en
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  • 43
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    Intensifying the fight against IUU fishing at the regional level (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 121
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) are the primary mechanism for co-operation between fishing countries and coastal states to ensure sustainable fishing globally. This paper aims to inspire and guide RFMO secretariats and member countries in how to focus their effort and investment to step up the contribution of RFMOs to the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. It does so by measuring the extent to which RFMOs apply best practices against IUU fishing and pointing to the remaining gaps. Information gathered from RFMOs’ resolutions and recommendations introducing conservation and management measures (CMMs), other publicly available sources and direct communication with RFMOs’ secretariats was analysed and summarised into five indicators reflecting the most important management tools targeting IUU fishing at the disposal of RFMOs. Indicators show overall progress among RFMOs, but discrepancies remain, suggesting scope for improvement by learning from best performers.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7b9f17d-en
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  • 44
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    Closing gaps in national regulations against IUU fishing (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 120
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Fischereirecht ; Fischereiressourcen ; Ressourcennutzung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper identifies the progress achieved by individual countries in implementing internationally recognised best policies and practices against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing since 2005. It aims to inspire and guide governments and all stakeholders in the fisheries sector in how to focus their effort and investment to step up their fight against IUU fishing. The paper builds on a suite of policy indicators that investigate the extent to which countries meet their responsibilities in the most important dimensions of government intervention in relation to IUU fishing. The indicators show considerable improvement in fighting IUU fishing over the last decade, in line with international treaties and voluntary agreements. They also point to the gaps that need to be closed to individually and collectively work towards eliminating IUU fishing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b86ba08-en
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  • 45
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    The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 221
    Keywords: Dienstleistungssektor ; Digitalisierung ; Online-Handel ; Digitale Dienste ; Handelshemmnisse ; OECD-Staaten ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The rapid acceleration of digital transformation has had profound implications for services trade but the benefits of digitalisation risk being derailed by existing and emerging trade barriers. The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (Digital STRI) is a new tool that identifies, catalogues, and quantifies cross-cutting barriers that affect services traded digitally. It consists of two components, the regulatory database and indices, which bring together comparable information from 44 countries. The Digital STRI shows a diverse and complex global regulatory environment affecting trade in digitally enabled services. Moreover, over the past years, the indices show an increasingly tightening regulatory environment highlighting that further international cooperation and dialogue is needed to maximise the benefits of digitalisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/16ed2d78-en
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  • 46
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Turks and Caicos Islands 2019 (second round) : peer review report on the exchange of information on request : March 2019 (reflecting the legal and regulatory framework as at December 2018) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264455030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Turks and Caicos Islands 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Westindische Inseln ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Turks- und Caicosinseln ; Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Kooperation
    DOI: 10.1787/5a837e0a-en
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  • 47
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    Digital Government Review of Panama : Enhancing the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264492066 , 9789264652743 , 9789264753617
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Panama
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Panama ; Governance ; Panama
    Abstract: This review explores how Panama can enhance and harness digital government to achieve broader strategic goals at both national and local levels. It looks at institutional governance, legislation, and inter-departmental co-ordination, including institutional capacities and skills for delivering quality public services. It identifies opportunities for making public service delivery more efficient and inclusive, as well as for expanding the strategic use of data. The review provides policy recommendations to help Panama enable and sustain the digital transformation of the public sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/615a4180-en
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  • 48
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    Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries: Morocco 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264668010
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Morocco
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its association countries, a process that supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. This report on Morocco discusses the advancements made as well as the challenges faced by the country’s ambitious domestic energy transition pathway to 2030. With an impressive track record in solar technologies, Morocco is leading the deployment of renewable energy in North Africa. Further progress, however, can be made in commercial or industrial applications that continue to rely on fossil fuel imports. Although successful in providing electricity access to its rising population, Morocco also faces the challenging task of keeping energy demand in check. In this report, the IEA provides recommendations for how to strengthen Morocco’s energy efficiency policies to help the country continue to transform its energy sectors in order to meet the renewable energy and energy efficiency targets.
    DOI: 10.1787/10f93028-en
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  • 49
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Samoa 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264850415
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Samoa 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Samoa ; Taxation ; Samoa ; Samoa ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Samoa.
    DOI: 10.1787/d8954bf5-en
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  • 50
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    Risk Governance Scan of Kazakhstan (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264737457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Risk governance scan of Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Katastrophenschutz ; Katastrophe ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Sicherheit ; Strategie
    Abstract: This report presents the governance framework in Kazakhstan for managing disaster risks. A wide range of disaster risks are present throughout the national territory, primarily floods, landslides, avalanches, but also extreme cold and heatwaves. The report reviews how the central government sets up a national strategy to manage these disaster risks, and how a national risk governance framework is formulated and executed. It examines the role of the private sector and other non-governmental actors in contributing to resilience at a national and subnational level.
    DOI: 10.1787/cb82cae9-en
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  • 51
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    OECD Mining Regions and Cities Case Study : Outokumpu and North Karelia, Finland (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264920583 , 9789264826151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD mining regions and cities case study
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Regionalentwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; Outokumpu ; Karelien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Finland ; Nordkarelien ; Bergbaugebiet ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: This report identifies 12 recommendations that can assist the municipality of Outokumpu and the region of North Karelia in Finland to become key players in the national mining strategy and attain sustainable economic growth by: focusing on mobilising the potential of the local mining value chain, diversifying and developing new sources of economic growth, and improving governance co-ordination. It is part of a project that is building a platform for knowledge sharing and co-operation on increasing productivity and enhancing the well-being of cities and regions with a specialisation in the mining and extractive sector (metals, minerals, and energy resources).
    DOI: 10.1787/cd72611b-en
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  • 52
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    Access to Green Finance for SMEs in Georgia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264880498 , 9789264958616 , 9789264376823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Access to green finance for SMEs in Georgia
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Georgia ; Georgien ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in Georgia’s economy. SMEs provide more than 67% of employment and about 62% of gross value added. Although the environmental footprint of individual SMEs may be low, their aggregate impact in many respects exceeds that of large businesses. Commercial banks have an important role to play in providing access to green finance, particularly for SMEs. This report reviews the experience with green lending in the SME sector in Georgia. The analysis identifies the main challenges with lending to SMEs for green projects and discusses possible solutions. The report, in particular, looks at the role of the government and the policy instruments it can use to stimulate higher demand for green lending in the SME sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc98f97b-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Latvia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264717466
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Latvia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Lettland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Latvia
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Latvia.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0de32d9-en
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    The Survey of Adult Skills : Reader’s Companion, Third Edition (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264523531 , 9789264385139 , 9789264562165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The survey of adult skills
    Keywords: Erwachsene ; Qualifikation ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Ecuador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Kazakhstan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Peru ; Poland ; Russian Federation ; Singapore ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; United Kingdom ; United States ; OECD ; Erwachsener ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: This edition of the Reader’s Companion accompanies Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills that reports the results from the 39 countries and regions that participated in the 3 rounds of data collection in the first cycle of PIAAC, with a particular focus on the 6 countries that participated in the third round of the study (Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States). It describes the design and methodology of the survey and its relationship to other international assessments of young students and adults. The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in several information-processing skills – namely literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments.
    DOI: 10.1787/f70238c7-en
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    Le gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie : La Marsa, Sayada et Sfax (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310902 , 9789264795631 , 9789264968660
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Open Government in Tunisia: La Marsa, Sayada and Sfax
    Keywords: Governance ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse les cadres légal et institutionnel, les politiques publiques et les pratiques du gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie au niveau local. Il se base sur trois communes pilotes – La Marsa, Sayada et Sfax. Il propose des recommandations pour aider le gouvernement central à créer un environnement propice au gouvernement ouvert au niveau local. Il soutient également les efforts de ces municipalités et ceux de la société civile qui visent à établir de nouveaux mécanismes de participation, transparence et redevabilité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310902-fr
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  • 56
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    Health for Everyone? : Social Inequalities in Health and Health Systems (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264674462 , 9789264939790 , 9789264426979
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Health for everyone?
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitswesen ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Europäische Union ; OECD ; Gesundheitswesen ; Soziale Ungleichheit
    Abstract: Good health is a key component of people’s well-being. It is a value in itself but – through its influence on social, education and labour market outcomes – being in good or bad health has also wider implications on people’s chances of leading a fulfilling and productive life. Yet, even in the OECD countries, health inequality persists with severe consequences on the goal of promoting inclusive growth. This report documents a comprehensive range of inequalities in health and health systems to the detriment of disadvantaged population groups in a large set of OECD and EU countries. It assesses the gaps in health outcomes and risk factors between different socio-economic groups. When it comes to health systems, the report measures inequalities in health care utilisation, unmet needs and the affordability of health care services. For each of these different domains, the report identifies groups of countries that display higher, intermediate, and low levels of inequality. The report makes a strong case for addressing health-related inequalities as a key component of a policy strategy to promote inclusive growth and reduce social inequalities. It also provides a framework for more in-depth analyses on how to address these inequalities at country level.
    DOI: 10.1787/3c8385d0-en
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  • 57
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    OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education : Georgia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264651272 , 9789264882560 , 9789264625976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Li, Richard Ruochen OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Georgien ; Education ; Governance ; Georgia ; Georgien ; Bildungswesen
    Abstract: Georgia has made remarkable progress in expanding education access and improving education quality. Nevertheless, the majority of children in Georgia leave school without mastering the basic competencies for life and work. Moreover, students’ background is becoming a greater influence on their achievement. This review, developed in partnership with UNICEF, provides Georgia with recommendations to strengthen its evaluation and assessment system to focus on helping students learn. It will be of interest to countries that wish to strengthen their own evaluation and assessment systems and, in turn, improve educational outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/94dc370e-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Croatia 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264840706
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Croatia 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Kroatien ; Taxation ; Croatia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Croatia.
    DOI: 10.1787/ccacbca7-en
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    Harmful Tax Practices – 2018 Peer Review Reports on the Exchange of Information on Tax Rulings : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264321816 , 9789264395138 , 9789264560369
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (611 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Harmful tax practices - 2018 peer review reports on the exchange of information on tax rulings
    Keywords: Taxation ; Steuerbescheid
    Abstract: BEPS Action 5 is one of the four BEPS minimum standards which all Inclusive Framework members have committed to implement. One part of the Action 5 minimum standard is the transparency framework for compulsory spontaneous exchange of information on certain tax rulings which, in the absence of transparency, could give rise to BEPS concerns. Over 135 jurisdictions have joined the Inclusive Framework and take part in the peer review to assess their compliance with the transparency framework. Specific terms of reference and a methodology have been agreed for the peer reviews to assess a jurisdiction’s implementation of the minimum standard. The review of the transparency framework assesses jurisdictions against the terms of reference which focus on five key elements: i) information gathering process, ii) exchange of information, iii) confidentiality of the information received; iv) statistics on the exchanges on rulings; and v) transparency on certain aspects of intellectual property regimes. Recommendations are issued where improvements are needed to meet the minimum standard. This report reflects the outcome of the annual peer review of the implementation of the Action 5 minimum standard and covers 112 jurisdictions. It assesses implementation for the 1 January - 31 December 2018 period.
    DOI: 10.1787/7cc5b1a2-en
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    Essai no. 248 : Essai Thyroïdien sur Éleuthéro-Embryons de Xénope (XETA) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264683099
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de l’essai est de mesurer la capacité d’un produit chimique pour activer ou inhiber la transcription d’une construction génétique (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) soit par liaison au récepteur de l’hormone thyroïdienne soit en modifiant la quantité de l’hormone thyroïdienne disponible pour la transcription. L’essai est basé sur l’utilisation d’une grenouille transgénique (possédant la construction génétique THb/ZIP-GFP) de l’espèce X. laevis. La GFP est une protéine fluorescente qui permet d’affirmer la présence de la substance et de suivre son action. Ce test repose sur la quantification de la fluorescence, et donc de la protéine GFP, dans l’ensemble de l’eleutheroembryon exposé au produit chimique testé. En effet, si la flurorescence est 〉 12% en incluant la plus forte concentration du test, le test est considéré comme positif. Les organismes sont exposés dans des plaques de culture cellulaire chimiquement inertes (6 puits). Chaque puits doit contenir dix organismes en solution. Dans une épreuve, 20 organismes sont exposés à chaque concentration d’essai. Les grenouilles sont exposées aux produits chimiques au stade NF45. La durée d’exposition est de 72H. Un résultat positif de l'essai XETA indique in vivo qu'une substance induit des dommages sur le récepteur et la métabolisation de l’hormone thyroïdienne. Un résultat négatif indique que, dans les conditions d'essai, le produit chimiques testé n'induit pas des dommages discernables sur la thyroïde et son fonctionnement.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ed26263-fr
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    Test No. 495: Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) Assay for Photoreactivity (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264567115
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 495 : Essai de Photoréactivité DRO (Dérivés réactifs de l’oxygène)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Phototoxicity is defined as a toxic response is elicited by topically or systemically administered photoreactive chemicals after the exposure of the body to environmental light. Several classes of photoreactive chemicals could cause phototoxic reactions when activated by light at otherwise non-toxic doses. Phototoxicity can be categorized as photoirritation, photoallergy, and photogenotoxicity. The purpose of this test is to measure the phototoxicity of a chemical. The main event in any phototoxic reaction is the absorption of photons of a wavelength that induces the excitation of the chromophore. Excitation energy is often transferred to oxygen molecules, followed by the generation of ROS (reactive Oxygen Species). Measurements are performed using a spectrometer. The determination of the ROS generation from irradiated chemicals with simulated sunlight is indicative of phototoxic potential.
    DOI: 10.1787/915e00ac-en
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  • 62
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    Reforming ISSSTESON’s Public Procurement for Sustainability (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264911024 , 9789264657632 , 9789264516151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforma a la Contratación Pública del ISSSTESON para la Sostenibilidad
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reforming ISSSTESON's public procurement for sustainability
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Sonora (Staat) ; Governance
    Abstract: This review analyses public procurement policies and practices of ISSSTESON, the institution providing health and pension services to the workers of the State Government of Sonora, Mexico. It benchmarks ISSSTESON practices against the 2015 Recommendation of the Council on Public Procurement to help the institute upgrade its procurement operations and increase efficiency, in a difficult financial environment. It also examines the revenue structure of the Institute and suggests reforms for the pension scheme, which is too generous compared to national and international experience.
    DOI: 10.1787/a6ee30a8-en
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  • 63
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    What is the value of saving travel time? : summary and conclusions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264649446
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: ITF roundtable reports no. 176
    Keywords: Transportzeit ; Verkehrsökonomik ; Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report revisits the rationale and methods for estimating the value of reductions in travel time. In doing so, it considers changes in the way people use time and specifically explores whether the value of time will fall towards zero as connected technologies allow a wide range of activities while travelling. The report also reviews evidence and methodologies to account for the utility derived from such activities, as well as implications for modelling, appraisal and policy planning. It summarises the findings of an ITF Roundtable held with 30 experts from 14 countries in September 2018 in Paris.
    DOI: 10.1787/eeb102ea-en
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  • 64
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    Country-by-Country Reporting – Compilation of Peer Review Reports (Phase 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 13 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264714175 , 9789264762718 , 9789264342187
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (566 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Country-by-country reporting
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under the Action 13 Minimum Standard, jurisdictions have committed to foster tax transparency by requesting the largest multinational enterprise groups (MNE Groups) to provide the global allocation of their income, taxes and other indicators of the location of economic activity. This unprecedented information on MNE Groups’ operations across the world will boost tax authorities’ risk-assessment capabilities. The Action 13 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review process. The peer review of the Action 13 Minimum Standard is proceeding in stages with three annual reviews in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The phased review process follows the phased implementation of CbC Reporting. Each annual peer review process will therefore focus on different aspects of the three key areas under review: the domestic legal and administrative framework, the exchange of information framework, and the confidentiality and appropriate use of CbC reports. This second annual peer review report reflects the outcome of the second review which considered all aspects of implementation. It contains the review of 116 jurisdictions which provided legislation or information pertaining to the implementation of CbC Reporting.
    DOI: 10.1787/f9bf1157-en
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  • 65
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, United States (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264327658
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: United States (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; USA ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United States ; G-20-Staaten ; USA ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United States, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
    DOI: 10.1787/305147e9-en
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  • 66
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    Open Government in Salé, Morocco (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264943568 , 9789264924833 , 9789264513433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le gouvernement ouvert à Salé au Maroc
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open government in Salé, Morocco
    Keywords: E-Government ; Marokko ; Governance ; Salé ; Regierung
    Abstract: The report analyses legal and institutional frameworks, public policies and open government practices in the municipality of Salé in Morocco. In the context of a new legal framework for local authorities adopted in 2015, it provides recommendations to the municipality for setting up a more strategic and coherent approach to open government initatives, as well as for establishing new mechanisms for participation, transparency and accountability.
    DOI: 10.1787/b9e9c6e6-en
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  • 67
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Lebanon 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264826601
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Lebanon 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Libanon ; Taxation ; Lebanon ; Libanon ; Steuerrecht
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Lebanon.
    DOI: 10.1787/939f334e-en
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  • 68
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    Regulatory Policy in Croatia : Implementation is Key (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264682061 , 9789264497764 , 9789264445529
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regulatory policy in Croatia
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Kroatien ; Governance ; Croatia ; Kroatien ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Croatia has made great strides in strengthening its regulatory policy framework. Improving the entire regulatory policy cycle will ensure that regulations are built on a foundation of solid evidence and public participation and are designed to improve the security, health and well-being of citizens at a reasonable cost. This report assesses the country’s regulatory management capacity by taking stock of regulatory policies, institutions and tools, including administrative simplification policies, ex ante and ex post evaluation of regulations, stakeholder engagement practices, multi-level regulatory governance arrangements and tax regimes for small businesses. The review describes trends and recent developments, identifies gaps in relation to good practices and offers policy recommendations based on best international practices to strengthen the government’s capacity to manage regulatory policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1c44413-en
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  • 69
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Netherlands (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264733527
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: The Netherlands (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Niederlande ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Netherlands ; G-20-Staaten ; Niederlande ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the Netherlands, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
    DOI: 10.1787/cce92832-en
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  • 70
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    Open Government in Tunisia: La Marsa, Sayada and Sfax (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264995826 , 9789264310995 , 9789264735903
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie : La Marsa, Sayada et Sfax
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Open government in Tunisia
    Keywords: E-Government ; Tunesien ; Governance ; Tunisia ; Tunesien ; Regierung ; Verwaltung
    Abstract: This report analyses legal and institutional frameworks, public policies and open government practices in Tunisia at the local level. It is based on three pilot municipalities - La Marsa, Sayada and Sfax. The report proposes recommendations to help the central government create an enabling environment for open government at the local level. It also provides support for the efforts of these municipalities and those of civil society to establish new mechanisms for participation, transparency and accountability.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310995-en
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  • 71
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    Applying the OECD Principles on Water Governance to Floods : A Checklist for Action (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264355637 , 9789264553392 , 9789264543676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Applying the OECD principles on water governance to floods
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Überschwemmung ; Wasserversorgung ; Politik
    Abstract: This report uses the OECD Principles on Water Governance as a tool for multi-stakeholder policy dialogue and practical assessment of the performance of flood governance systems. It applies the Principles to flood-prone contexts to help strengthen governance frameworks for managing the risks of “too much” water. By 2050, 1.6 billion people will be at risk of flooding, affecting nearly 20% of the world’s population at an increasing rate and many times over with dire social, economic and environmental consequences. In this report, a checklist is proposed as a self-assessment tool for stakeholders in flood management, based on lessons learned from 27 case studies that feature practical experiences and highlight common features and key challenges in flood governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5098392-en
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Panama 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264629783
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Panama 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Panama ; Taxation ; Panama ; Panama ; Steuer ; Zollverwaltung ; Finanzbehörde
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Panama.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f2584a0-en
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  • 73
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    Essai no. 495 : Essai de Photoréactivité DRO (Dérivés réactifs de l’oxygène) (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264374379
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 495: Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) Assay for Photoreactivity
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La phototoxicité est définie comme une réaction toxique causée par des produits chimiques photoréactifs administrés par voie topique ou systémique, après exposition du corps à la lumière ambiante. Plusieurs classes de produits chimiques photoréactifs peuvent provoquer des réactions phototoxiques lorsqu’ils sont activés par la lumière, à des doses ne présentant pas d’autres effets toxiques. La phototoxicité peut être subdivisée en photo-irritation, photoallergie et photogénotoxicité. Le but de cet essai est de mesurer la phototoxicité d’un produit chimique. L’événement principal dans toute réaction phototoxique est l’absorption des photons d’une longueur d’onde qui induit l’excitation du chromophore. L’énergie d’excitation est souvent transférée aux molécules d’oxygène, suivies par la génération de ROS (Reactive Oxygene Species). Les mesures sont effectuées à l’aide d’un spectromètre. La détermination de la génération ROS à partir de produits chimiques irradiés avec la lumière du soleil simulée est révélateur d’un potentiel phototoxique.
    DOI: 10.1787/fe948955-fr
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  • 74
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    Investing in Youth: Korea (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264613072 , 9789264370968 , 9789264343221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The series Investing in Youth builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. It covers both OECD countries and key emerging economies. The report on Korea presents new results from a comprehensive analysis of the situation of young people in Korea, exploiting various sources of survey-based and administrative data. It provides a detailed assessment of education, employment and social policies in Korea from an international perspective, and offers tailored recommendations to help improve the school-to-work transition. Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017), Norway (2018), and Finland and Peru (2019).
    DOI: 10.1787/4bf4a6d2-en
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  • 75
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Switzerland (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264728035
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Switzerland (stage 2)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Schweiz ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Switzerland ; Schweiz ; G-20-Staaten ; Internationales Steuerrecht
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Switzerland, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website.
    DOI: 10.1787/77ab98a6-en
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  • 76
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Lithuania (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264790841
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Lithuania (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Litauen ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Lithuania.
    DOI: 10.1787/b9018c2d-en
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  • 77
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Botswana 2019 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264820296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Botswana 2019 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Botsuana ; Taxation ; Botswana ; Botswana ; Steuer
    Abstract: This report contains the 2019 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Botswana.
    DOI: 10.1787/d32b72f9-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Indonesia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264820456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Indonesia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Indonesien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Indonesia ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Indonesien ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Konfliktregelung ; Besteuerungsverfahren
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Indonesia.
    DOI: 10.1787/deb42398-en
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  • 79
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    Test No. 494: Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264635289
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Essai no. 494 : Méthode d’essai Vitrigel pour l’identification de produits chimiques ne nécessitant aucune classification ni étiquetage pour irritation oculaire ou lésions oculaires graves
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method is an in vitro test method that allows the identification of test chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage. This test measures the eye irritation potential of a test chemical based on its ability to induce damage to the barrier function of the human corneal epithelium (hCE) models used in the Vitrigel-EIT method. It is known that chemicals that are irritating to the eye first destroy tear film and epithelial barrier function of the eye, subsequently induce epithelial cell death, and finally produce stromal degeneration and endothelial cell death, resulting in corneal opacity. Therefore, the change of the epithelial barrier function is a relevant endpoint for detecting eye irritation. In the Vitrigel Eye Irritancy test method , time-dependent changes in the Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) values are indicative of damage to the barrier function of the corneal epithelium following exposure to a test chemical; this situation is similar to the observed damage of the rabbit cornea following exposure to a test chemical, which is an important mode of action leading to damage of the corneal epithelium and eye irritation. The Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test (EIT) method can be used within the limited applicability domain of test chemicals having pH 〉 5.0 (based on 2.5% weight/volume (w/v) preparation).
    DOI: 10.1787/9f20068a-en
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    Germany: Country Health Profile 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264583115
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Deutschland: Länderprofil Gesundheit 2019
    Keywords: 2010-2017 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Germany as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/36e21650-en
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  • 81
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    Multi-dimensional Review of Thailand : Volume 3: From Analysis to Action (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264897236 , 9789264777712 , 9789264741065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Thailand ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Thailand ; Thailand ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wachstumsstrategie ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Thailand is a fast emerging country that aspires to become a high-income economy by 2037. Strong growth has enabled the country to join the group of upper-middle-income economies in the early 2010s and to perform well in many areas. At the same time, the benefits of prosperity have not been shared evenly nationwide and the economic development has taken a toll on the environment. Moving forward, Thailand needs to master three transitions to build capabilities and sustain faster but also more inclusive economic growth: enabling further growth by unlocking the full potential of all Thailand’s regions; developing more effective methods of organisation and collaboration between actors and levels of government; managing water security and disaster risk. Based on the previous volume’s in-depth analysis and policy recommendations, this report suggests a set of actions to support these transitions. The actions focus on the North of Thailand, one of the most diverse and yet poorest regions of the country.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ef9363b-en
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  • 82
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    The Road to Integration : Education and Migration (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264569775 , 9789264984820 , 9789264499188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Migrant Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The road to integration
    RVK:
    DS 7400
    Keywords: Soziale Integration ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Migration has been at the centre of policy debates across the OECD in recent years. This synthesis report identifies eight pillars of policy-making that the Strength through Diversity project has revealed to be crucial if education systems to effectively support newcomers. For each pillar, the report details a set of principles driving the design and implementation of system-level policies and school-level practices. The eight pillars are: 1. consider the heterogeneity of immigrant populations, 2. develop approaches to promote the overall well-being of immigrants, 3. address the unique needs of refugee students, 4. ensure that motivation translates into a key asset for immigrant communities, 5. organise resources to reduce the influence of socio-economic status on the outcomes of immigrants, 6. provide comprehensive language support, 7. build the capacity of teachers to deal with diversity, and 8. break down barriers to social cohesion while ensuring effective service delivery.
    DOI: 10.1787/d8ceec5d-en
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  • 83
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    Quality-based financing : the Norwegian experience (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 123-130 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:123-130
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 123-130
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:123-130
    Keywords: performance ; hospitals ; budgeting ; Norway ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: In this article we give a presentation of the Norwegian quality based financing (QBF) mechanism and our experiences with this financing mechanism. The article outlines the main features of the Norwegian health care system, and its financing mechanisms. We then focus in on the QBF with a description of the system and the main considerations on which the system is based. We give a short theoretical framework on how to design quality based financing systems, and show how the consequences can vary depending on the design of the system. The Norwegian system has been evaluated, and the main findings of this evaluation is discussed together with some tentative predictions about the future developments.
    DOI: 10.1787/b10a3108-en
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  • 84
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    Health financing and budgeting practices : key findings from the Asia, Oceania, and Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European regions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 95-121 | volume:19 | year:2019 | number:3 | day:13 | month:12 | pages:95-121
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19(2019), 3 vom: 13. Dez., Seite 95-121
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:19
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2019
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:13
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:12
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:95-121
    Keywords: health sector ; Europe ; Asia ; Budgeting practices ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This article presents the findings of the OECD Survey of Senior Budget Officials on Budgeting Practices from a 2017 survey covering the Asia and Oceania, and Central, Eastern and South Eastern European regions. The survey is part of the ongoing engagement between health and budget officials in the OECD’s regional networks and provides an comparable set of data to analyse and benchmark good practices in health budgeting. The results of the survey point to an increasing use of budgeting tools from developed countries and support continued engagement to improve budget activities and to meet future challenges of health systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/b4a4a92e-en
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  • 85
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    Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les PME et l'entrepreneuriat 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264749115 , 9789264644311 , 9789264859111
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les nouvelles Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les PME et l’entrepreneuriat présentent les dernières tendances en matière de performance des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), ainsi que de l'entrepreneuriat et des conditions d’affaires pour les PME. L’édition de cette année présente des données comparatives sur le dynamisme des entreprises, la croissance de la productivité, les écarts de salaires et les exportations par taille d’entreprise dans les pays de l’OCDE et les économies émergentes. Il explore les implications potentielles de la numérisation et de la mondialisation sur les conditions de marché et l'accès des PME aux infrastructures et à des ressources stratégiques telles que le financement, les compétences, la technologie, les données et d'autres actifs de l'innovation. Le rapport fournit une analyse comparative des cadres réglementaires et des politiques visant à uniformiser les règles du jeu pour les PME et les entrepreneurs, et offre une perspective prospective sur les défis auxquels ceux-ci sont confrontés dans leurs affaires et activités. Il contient également des profils de pays décrivant les derniers développements en matière de performance et de conditions de marché pour les PME, les profils pays étant disponibles en version plus détaillée en ligne.
    DOI: 10.1787/dfc3ab17-fr
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  • 86
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    Eesti: riigi terviseprofiil 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264972537
    Language: Estonian
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estonia: Country Health Profile 2019
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia
    DOI: 10.1787/1efa7683-et
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  • 87
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    Fiscal Resilience to Natural Disasters : Lessons from Country Experiences (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264969445 , 9789264412309 , 9789264394407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fiscal resilience to natural disasters
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Soziale Kosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Governance ; Naturkatastrophe ; Soziale Kosten ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Abstract: Natural disasters continue to cause widespread damage and losses, with fast growing economies particularly exposed. Governments often shoulder a significant share of the costs of disaster recovery and reconstruction. This is true in OECD countries and even more so in developing economies, where private insurance markets are not as well developed. The fiscal impact of disasters on a government’s budget can be sizeable. Expenditures for the government arise from both explicit and implicit commitments to compensate for disaster losses. This report presents the results of a study that compares country practices in the management of the financial implications of disasters on government finances for a set of OECD member and partner countries particularly exposed to natural hazards.
    DOI: 10.1787/27a4198a-en
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  • 88
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    Joint Audit 2019 – Enhancing Tax Co-operation and Improving Tax Certainty : Forum on Tax Administration (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264578630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Joint Audit 2019
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Taxation ; OECD ; Finanzverwaltung ; Grenzüberschreitende Kooperation
    Abstract: Improved dispute prevention and dispute resolution are key concerns for both business and tax administrations by creating incentives for low-risk behaviour among taxpayers and helping tax administrations to better match resources to tax risks. Joint Audits are an essential element in the Tax Certainty Agenda and allow tax administrations to operate efficiently and effectively in an increasingly global environment, co-operating ever more closely and frequently with each other to ensure compliance, tackle base erosion and profit shifting, and minimise the probability of costly and time-consuming disputes. The report sets out the most advanced form of audit-related tax co-operation, provides best practices and identifies possible areas of improvement and future work, not limited to the OECD Forum on Tax Administration.
    DOI: 10.1787/17bfa30d-en
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  • 89
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    Complementing Guideline for Writing ESDs: The Life-Cycle Step "service-life" (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264500655
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.19
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is a complement to the Guidance Document on Emission Scenario Documents (ESDs) and aims to help writers of ESDs to identify whether emissions during service-life may be of importance and therefore need to be included. It will also give an orientation on key aspects connected to such releases that need to be considered in an exposure assessment.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0dcebe4-en
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  • 90
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    China Power System Transformation : Assessing the benefit of optimised operations and advanced flexibility options (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264960374
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China Power System Transformation has a two-fold objective. First, it provides a summary of the state of play of power system transformation (PST) in the People’s Republic of China (“China”) as well as a comprehensive discussion of PST internationally. This includes a comprehensive review of all possible sources of power system flexibility (power plants, grid infrastructure, storage, and demand-side response) and a detailed discussion of market, policy, and regulatory frameworks to effectively mobilise power system flexibility. Second, it presents findings from a detailed power sector modelling exercise for China in 2035, building on the 2018 World Energy Outlook New Policies and Sustainable Development Scenarios. The modelling identifies the establishment of spot markets and trade between provinces as two of the main elements to improve system operation efficiency in China. In order to integrate very high shares of variable renewables consistent with the WEO SDS, activating the demand side – especially electric vehicles – and targeted use of electricity storage are found to be crucial for an accelerated transformation of the Chinese power system.
    DOI: 10.1787/22655cc0-en
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  • 91
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    Implementación del Análisis de Impacto Regulatorio en el Gobierno Central del Perú : Estudios de caso 2014-16 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264305809 , 9789264306004 , 9789264306011
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Implementing Regulatory Impact Analysis in the Central Government of Peru: Case Studies 2014-16
    Keywords: Governance ; Peru
    Abstract: Este informe analiza el progreso de Perú en la adopción del análisis de impacto regulatorio (AIR). Con base en un análisis de cómo se emiten las normativas en cinco ministerios peruanos, se evalúa en qué medida se encuentran los componentes básicos de un sistema de AIR. El informe ofrece recomendaciones para acelerar la adopción de prácticas internacionales y el establecimiento de un sistema integral de AIR en Perú.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305809-es
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  • 92
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    Enhancing Innovation Capacity in City Government (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264685437 , 9789264970199 , 9789264438217
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing innovation capacity in city government
    Keywords: Kommunalverwaltung ; Innovation ; Großstadt ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Cities are reinventing themselves to adapt and respond to their evolving contexts. One instrument that local government is leveraging is innovation. To understand how cities approach public sector innovation, the OECD and Bloomberg Philanthropies carried out a survey on innovation capacity across 89 cities in OECD countries and non-OECD economies. The focus of the survey was to unpack the capacity to innovate in the local public sector and explore the resources – human, financial, and institutional – and how they can work to boost innovation in a city. This report explores the approaches and goals, staffing and structure, data, financial resources, and evaluation efforts that local administrations are making to innovate. It also reviews the outcomes that are resulting from these measures, especially related to resident well-being.
    DOI: 10.1787/f10c96e5-en
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  • 93
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    Ελλάδα: Προφίλ Υγείας 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264586543
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Greece: Country Health Profile 2019
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece
    DOI: 10.1787/9552c910-el
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  • 94
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    Öffentliche Vergabe in Deutschland : Strategische Ansatzpunkte zum Wohl der Menschen und für wirtschaftliches Wachstum (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264520035 , 9789264838215 , 9789264385443
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (320 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Public Procurement in Germany: Strategic Dimensions for Well-being and Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Als größte Volkswirtschaft in Europa verfügt Deutschland über einen der größten öffentlichen Beschaffungsmärkte, der ca. 15% des Bruttoinlandsprodukts (500 Milliarden Euro) umfasst und sich zudem in vielfältiger Weise auf Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft auswirkt. Diese Studie analysiert den Einfluss von öffentlicher Vergabe auf das Wohl der Bevölkerung, mit einem Fokus auf sechs Gebiete: wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen der öffentlichen Beschaffung, rechtliches Rahmenwerk und Steuerung von Vergabe, Zentralisierung, elektronische Vergabe, strategische Beschaffung und Humankapital. Außerdem enthält diese Studie eine Analyse der öffentlichen Beschaffung zum einen auf Bundesebene - vor allem aber auf der Ebene der Länder und Kommunen. Denn fast 80% des Gesamtvolumens der öffentlichen Beschaffung entfällt auf Ländern und Kommunen.
    DOI: 10.1787/48df1474-de
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  • 95
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    Améliorer les statistiques régionales pour un développement territorial inclusif et durable en Tunisie (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264662643 , 9789264638105 , 9789264378216
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport a pour objectif d’apporter une contribution pour l'amélioration des statistiques territoriales en Tunisie afin de soutenir une croissance inclusive et repartie équitablement sur l'ensemble du territoire national. Le rapport propose, en premier lieu, une classification statistique des territoires tunisiens qui permet les comparaisons internationales avec les pays de l’OCDE en termes de tendances socio-économiques dans les zones urbaines et rurales. Ces classifications ainsi qu’un ensemble d’indicateurs statistiques sont ensuite utilisés pour analyser le développement régional en Tunisie et aider à identifier les principaux défis et opportunités de le rendre plus fort et inclusif. Le rapport examine également les aspects de la gouvernance du système des statistiques en Tunisie et propose des recommandations pour une meilleure gouvernance dudit système et améliorer sa capacité à fournir des statistiques territoriales robustes et à jour.
    DOI: 10.1787/283fefef-fr
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  • 96
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    Accélération anthropique du cycle de l’azote : Gérer les risques et l’incertitude (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264675957 , 9789264897373 , 9789264513549
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Human Acceleration of the Nitrogen Cycle: Managing Risks and Uncertainty
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: Cette publication examine les risques associés au rejet d'azote en excès dans l'environnement (changement climatique, appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone, pollution de l'air, pollution de l'eau, perte de biodiversité, détérioration de la qualité des sols). Le rapport examine également l'incertitude associée à la capacité de l'azote de passer d'un écosystème à un autre et de provoquer des « effets en cascade ». Outre une meilleure gestion des risques liés à l'azote au niveau local, il faut considérer les risques au niveau global liés à l’augmentation continue des concentrations d’hémioxyde d’azote et prévenir l’excès d’azote sous toutes ses formes en élaborant des stratégies efficaces au regard de leurs coûts pour toutes les sources. La publication fournit des indications sur l’utilisation des instruments de politique relative à l’azote et sur la manière d’assurer la cohérence avec des objectifs tels que la sécurité alimentaire, la sécurité énergétique et les objectifs environnementaux autres que la réduction de la pollution par l’azote.
    DOI: 10.1787/cf7ae81b-fr
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  • 97
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    Negotiating Our Way Up : Collective Bargaining in a Changing World of Work (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264524538 , 9789264850866 , 9789264362574
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Negotiating our way up
    Keywords: Tarifverhandlungen ; Tarifvertrag ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; OECD ; Tarifpolitik ; Tarifverhandlung ; Tarifvertrag
    Abstract: Collective bargaining and workers’ voice are often discussed in the past rather than in the future tense, but can they play a role in the context of a rapidly changing world of work? This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of collective bargaining systems and workers’ voice arrangements across OECD countries, and new insights on their effect on labour market performance today. The publication provides a detailed review of existing collective bargaining institutions and workers’ voice arrangements. It analyses the role of these institutions for employment, wages, labour market inclusiveness, as well as non-monetary aspects of job quality. The publication also discusses how collective bargaining can be mobilised to address emerging challenges in the labour market, and identifies the type of government intervention that may be required to do this. The report provides a resource for policy makers, trade unions and employers’ organisations interested in understanding how collective bargaining and workers' voice can be used to complement public regulation in shaping ever-changing labour markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/1fd2da34-en
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  • 98
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    Multi-Stage Validation of Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Designs and Modifications (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264586987
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: A mature and well-guided multi-stage approach to the validation of nuclear power plant control room designs has the potential to reduce the risks involved in the design process. Such an approach can also increase the effectiveness of, and efficiencies in, the validation process, as well as overall confidence in the results. This relatively new concept of multi-stage validation has yet to be defined in the technical literature, and thus the report describes the approach and the rationale for validating systems through a series of successive, co-ordinated validation activities. The scope of application of multi-scale validation addressed in the context of this report includes aspects related to both the human factors engineering of new nuclear power plant main control room designs and modifications to existing control room designs. The objective is to provide a common reference for future dialogue, research and development concerning the multi-stage validation approach, and ultimately to support the safe operation of nuclear power plants worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/fed221d4-en
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  • 99
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    Individuelle Weiterbildungskonten : Allheilmittel oder Büchse der Pandora? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264799752 , 9789264887565 , 9789264632080
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Individual Learning Accounts: Panacea or Pandora's Box?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: In einer Zeit, in der strukturelle Veränderungen Umschulungen und Höherqualifizierungen notwendig machen, steht die Weiterbildungspolitik aufgrund der in vielen Ländern beobachteten Zunahme atypischer Beschäftigungsformen und der stärkeren Fragmentierung beruflicher Laufbahnen vor neuen Herausforderungen. Individuelle Weiterbildungskonten stoßen bei den Politikverantwortlichen derzeit erneut auf Interesse, da sie die Möglichkeit bieten, Weiterbildungsansprüche von einem Arbeitsplatz oder Erwerbsstatus auf einen anderen zu übertragen. Dieser Bericht untersucht frühere und bestehende individuelle Weiterbildungskonten und andere individuelle Programme zur Finanzierung weiterführenden Lernens und stützt sich dabei auf die vorhandene Fachliteratur sowie auf sechs neue Fallstudien, die von der OECD in Auftrag gegeben wurden: das oberösterreichische Bildungskonto, das französische Compte Personnel de Formation, die schottischen Individual Learning Accounts/Individual Training Accounts, der singapurische SkillsFuture Credit, die toskanische Carta ILA und die Individual Training Accounts in Michigan und Washington in den Vereinigten Staaten. Der Bericht beschreibt die mit diesen Programmen gemachten Erfahrungen, benennt ihre Vor- und Nachteile sowie die wichtigsten Zielkonflikte und Fragen, die es bei der Konzeption eines erfolgreichen Programms zu beachten gilt, insbesondere Zielgruppenorientierung, Finanzierung, Beteiligung unterrepräsentierter Gruppen und Qualität.
    DOI: 10.1787/76a2abf3-de
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sous pression : la classe moyenne en perte de vitesse (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264828803 , 9789264916296 , 9789264813175
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les ménages de la classe moyenne, qui ont le sentiment d’être laissés de côté, mettent en question les retombées de la mondialisation. Dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, en effet, les revenus intermédiaires ont moins progressé que le revenu moyen ; pire, dans quelques pays, ils n’ont pas augmenté du tout. Il est vrai que la technologie a automatisé un certain nombre de métiers moyennement qualifiés qui étaient occupés il y a quelques dizaines d’années encore par des travailleurs de la classe moyenne. Le coût de certains biens et services, comme le logement, qui sont essentiels au mode de vie de la classe moyenne, a en outre augmenté plus rapidement que les revenus d’activité et l’inflation globale. Dans ce contexte, les classes moyennes ont vu leur capacité d’épargne diminuer et, dans certains cas, elles se sont même endettées. Le présent rapport apporte un éclairage sur les multiples pressions subies par la classe moyenne. Il analyse les tendances chez les ménages à revenu intermédiaire dans diverses dimensions telles que l’emploi, la consommation, la santé et l’endettement, ainsi que les perceptions et les attitudes sociales. Il examine en outre diverses initiatives visant à répondre aux préoccupations soulevées par la classe moyenne, notamment la protection du niveau de vie et de la sécurité financière de la classe moyenne face aux défis économiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b47d7a4-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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