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  • 2020-2024  (38)
  • 1995-1999  (151)
  • World Bank
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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    The Egyptian fertility survey, 1980 (1983-)
    Cairo : The Agency
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: ill , 30 cm
    DDC: 304.6/32/0962
    Keywords: Fertility ; Egypt ; Egypt ; Population ; Birth control ; Egypt
    Note: World Fertility Survey, International Statistical Institute , This project was conducted as part of the World Fertility Survey and with the collaboration of the World Bank"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Book
    GBV
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Impact Monitoring : Nigeria, Round 9 (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and its economic and social effects on households have created an urgent need for timely data to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis and protect the welfare of Nigerian society. To monitor how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the economy and people of Nigeria and to inform policy interventions and responses, the National Bureau of Statistics with technical support from the World Bank implemented the Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS). This brief presents findings from the seventh and ninth rounds of this survey which was conducted between January 9 and 25, 2021 respectively
    DOI: 10.1596/35320
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Debt Statistics 2021 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: International Debt Statistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: International Debt Statistics (IDS), a long-standing annual publication of the World Bank, features external debt statistics and analysis for the 120 low- and middle-income countries that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDS 2021 includes (1) an overview analyzing global trends in debt stocks of and debt flows to low- and middle-income countries within the framework of aggregate capital flows (debt and equity); (2) a feature story on the World Bank and International Monetary Fund Debt Service Suspension Initiative in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) tables and charts detailing debtor and creditor composition of debt stock and flows, terms of new commitments, and maturity structure of future debt service payments and debt burdens, measured in relation to gross national income and export earnings for each country; (4) one-page summaries per country, plus global, regional, and income group aggregates showing debt stocks and flows, relevant debt indicators, and metadata for six years (2009 and 2015+"19); and (5) a user guide describing the tables and content, definitions and rationale for the country and income groupings used in the report, data notes, and information about additional resources and comprehensive data sets available to users online. Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDS 2021 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For more information on IDS 2021 and related products, please visit the World Bank's Data Catalog at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/international-debt-statistics
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1610-9
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Egypt Economic Monitor, November 2020 : From Crisis to Economic Transformation - Unlocking Egypt's Productivity and Job-Creation Potential (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is causing the most severe global health and economic crisis in at least seven decades. In Egypt, the disruptions caused by the pandemic started in March 2020, and has since interrupted a period of macroeconomic stability, characterized by relatively high growth, improved fiscal accounts, and a comfortable level of foreign reserves. Yet, the pandemic also hit as longstanding challenges continued to persist, notably the government's elevated debt-to-GDP ratio (despite its significant reduction in recent years), sluggish revenue-mobilization and the below-potential performance of non-oil merchandise exports and non-oil FDI. The fiscal, monetary and energy sector reforms implemented in recent years, along with the emergency measures undertaken by authorities in response to the COVID-19 crisis are so far helping Egypt weather the shock. Indeed, average real growth has remained positive during FY2019/20 and foreign reserves continue to be rather ample. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably caused job and income losses, posing additional strains on Egyptian households' livelihoods, and is thus exacerbating the long-standing challenge of job-creation in Egypt, notably in the formal private sector. The in-focus chapter of this report is therefore dedicated to the topic of jobs and economic transformation. The analysis of this chapter shows that the economic transformation process has been slow-moving in Egypt, with employment shares increasing either in low value-added sectors, or in sectors that have experienced a decline in productivity (value-added per worker). Hence, the Egyptian economy has not been able to generate high-earning jobs, at scale. Going forward, for businesses to expand and create sufficient and high-quality employment opportunities, a three-pronged approach will be necessary: (i) Sustaining macroeconomic stability and overall policy predictability whilst incentivizing domestic savings to finance investments. (ii) Getting the enabling environment right to create attractive opportunities for domestic and foreign investments. (iii) Upgrading human capital and firm capabilities to fast-track the economic transformation process in Egypt and to strengthen the country's resilience against such severe shocks
    DOI: 10.1596/34785
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bulgaria : Country Needs and STI Policy Mix Assessment (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: Bulgaria has achieved impressive economic performance over the last two decades. Nevertheless, recent growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and productivity has slowed since the global financial crisis, and the country faces medium- to long-term labor shortages and skills mismatches driven by an aging population and high emigration rates. Maintaining income growth in the face of these challenges will require boosting productivity, and a key step to increase productivity is to strengthen Bulgaria's science, technology and innovation (STI) performance, which ranks among the worst in the European Union (EU) across multiple indicators. A review of STI policies is critical in preparation for the next EU programing period to ensure that the expected increase in resources to support research and innovation is used effectively. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the country's research and innovation needs and an original analysis of the policies devoted to supporting STI in Bulgaria, including nearly all national-level STI-related policy instruments
    DOI: 10.1596/34790
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Government Financial Reporting in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Abstract: The economic shock of the coronavirus outbreak has an unprecedented impact on public finances. Governments are implementing massive fiscal packages including both budgetary and nonbudgetary measures to fight the pandemic while receipts are sharply down. Communicating the financial consequences of Coronavirus (COVID-19) to all stakeholders in a timely manner is important to create enduring broad support. Audited financial statements play a key role in building citizen trust in government. This policy note provides reflections on how governments could make use of existing systems of financial reporting during the pandemic as well as opportunities for improved financial reporting systems for the post-crisis environment. It also seeks to share insights into the impact of the pandemic on government financial performance, position, and cash flows
    DOI: 10.1596/34792
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fukuoka City : Efficient Water Management (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This case study showcases examples where the "G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII)" have been operationalized in Japan`s urban infrastructure projects. It highlights Fukuoka City, one of the most prominent cities in Japan today. It reviews the city's efficient water management through Economic Efficiency and Infrastructure Governance, two of the six G20 Principles for QII. A key factor for the city's success was adopting life-cycle costing as an underlying principle; the city upgraded its water distribution pipe network with polyethylene sleeves for life extension and went to great length for leakage reduction. As a recent effort, the city underwent procurement reforms to improve the technical quality of public works. The implications are expected to benefit policymakers and practitioners in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/34815
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Toyama City : Compact City Development (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: City Development Strategy
    Abstract: This case study is showcases examples where the "G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII)" have been operationalized in Japan`s urban infrastructure projects. It highlights Toyama City, which is now a global role model for compact city development and reviews the city's difficult journey towards a compact city through the lens of Economic Efficiency and Infrastructure Governance, which are two of the six G20 Principles for QII. This case study sheds light on the importance of governance aspects such as alignment with the national policy, organizational commitment, and collaboration with the private sector. Furthermore, it illustrates how effective governance can lead to economic efficiency and some evidence of a compact city`s wider benefits. The implications are expected to benefit policymakers and practitioners in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/34816
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Central African Republic Economic Update, October 2020 : The Central African Republic in Times of COVID-19 - Diversifying the Economy to Build Resilience and Foster Growth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The economy of the Central African Republic (CAR) grew at a slower pace in 2019 compared to 2018. Still, it grew at 3.1 percent, year-onyear, in 2019, above the average of regional peers (1.6 percent) and countries affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) (2.7 percent). Despite improvements in security following the signing of the peace agreement in February 2019, the economy performed worse than expected due to the collapse by about 30 percent in the production of coffee and cotton, which in turn was the result of persistent structural challenges in the agriculture sector. On the demand side, private consumption remained the main driver of economic growth, while the agriculture and services sectors drove growth on the supply side. Moreover, extreme poverty remains high and projected to affect 71 percent of the population-3.4 million people-in 2019. Inflation increased in 2019, and CEMAC's monetary policy remained on track. The tightening of monetary policy, as well as progress on implementing the new Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa's (Communaute Economique et Monetaire de l'Afrique Centrale, CEMAC) foreign exchange regulation in March 2019, contributed to a strong recovery of gross foreign assets, from 2.7 months' worth of imports in 2018 to 3.3 months in 2019. Inflation was contained at an average of 2.8 percent in 2019 as inflationary pressures from the blockade of the main trade route between Bangui and Cameroon in March abated. Fiscal stance improved, but CAR remains at high risk of debt distress. Public expenditure grew at a slower pace in 2019 than in 2018, mainly due to delays in public investments. Government revenues picked up at 18.4 percent of GDP in 2019 thanks to a significant increase in official grants. As a result, the overall fiscal situation improved in 2019, and the debt-to-GDP ratio continued to decline. However, CAR remains at high risk of debt distress, primarily due to low exports and mobilization of domestic resources
    DOI: 10.1596/34803
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ghana Poverty Assessment (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: After the return to democracy, Ghana achieved significant economic growth and poverty reduction. However, in recent years, the rate of poverty reduction has slowed, becoming insignificant after 2012. The largest reduction in poverty, 2 percent per year, was reached from 1991-1998. Subsequently, the rate of decline fell to 1.4 percent in 1998-2005, 1.1 percent in 2005-2012, and dropped to 0.2 percent per year between 2012 and 2016. The slowdown in poverty reduction was not due to a reduction in GDP per capita growth, which peaked between 2005 and 2012 and remained high between 2012 and 2016. Rather, it was due to a drop in the rate to which economic growth translated into poverty reduction. The growth elasticity of poverty (percentage reduction in poverty associated for every one percentage change in GDP per capita) was 1.2 between 1991 and 1998 but declined to less than 0.1 between 2012 and 2016, indicating a 1 percent increase in GDP per capita led to less than 0.1 percent reduction in poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/34804
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2020 : The Deliberate Depression (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Lebanon Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Lebanon. It places them in a longer-term and global context and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy on the outlook for Lebanon. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development
    DOI: 10.1596/34842
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Belarus Public Expenditure Review : Strengthening the Equity, Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Expenditures in Belarus (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Abstract: After more than a decade of strong growth, interrupted only by the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, Belarus' economy has encountered major headwinds. Since 2012, growth has stalled, macroeconomic imbalances have intensified, and public finances have deteriorated. Unlike regional peers, the country was unable to take advantage of buoyant global demand, ample liquidity and strong risk appetite. This suggests that the causes for this disappointing outcome are domestic and rooted in the current economic model based on an outsized public sector and reliance on Russia for cheap energy and as main export market. The narrow export base has left the economy vulnerable to economic weakness in Russia and, indirectly, to volatility in global oil prices. These shocks have exposed major structural weaknesses, that have dragged down productivity and potential growth and increased Belarus' vulnerability to major shocks such as the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The policy response to the external headwinds has been pro-cyclical. It has focused on avoiding major financial disruptions and resorting to increased foreign borrowing to make it through the financing pressures rather than deeper structural adjustment needed to adjust to the new realities and anchor fiscal sustainability. It has focused on exchange rate adjustment accompanied by ad-hoc fiscal retrenchment. The latter, however, although significant, has been episodic and less than optimal as it has protected consumption at the expense of investment. The scope for fiscal adjustment has been constrained by the structural rigidities of Belarus' public finances. Looking forward, Belarus now faces a perfect storm of a global economic shock caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, an unprecedented drop in oil prices, and the phasing out of the energy import price discount by 2024 due to the Russian tax maneuver. All these adverse external developments come against the background of deeply rooted structural rigidities, a heavy debt redemptions schedule and a much-reduced policy space compared with previous episodes of external pressures such as in 2009 and 2015
    DOI: 10.1596/34830
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ghana : Enhancing Revenue Mobilization Through Improved Tax Compliance and Administrative Systems (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: Ghana's tax collection is low compared with other lower middle-income countries. Non-compliance of tax payments is an urgent issue in Ghana, as the government has been suffering from a widening fiscal deficit and a rising debt burden. Learning from experiences in other countries, this report proposes potential interventions that could improve tax compliance
    DOI: 10.1596/34847
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Creating Disability-Inclusive ID System (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: Access to identification is a vital priority. In developing countries, persons with disabilities are among those most likely to face barriers in accessing government services such as health and rehabilitation, public transportation, education, voting, financial services, and economic opportunities. For women and girls with disabilities and other persons with disabilities with intersecting identities, these barriers are multidimensional. Addressing poverty among persons with disabilities and their families requires solutions that address their differentiated and sometimes complex needs, a precondition of which is possessing official proof of identity. This report provides a model of the continuous nature of the ID lifecycle, suggesting some illustrative approaches to designing a disability-inclusive ID process at any stage in the lifecycle. The ID lifecycle comprises five phases, each allowing for disability-inclusive interventions. The five phases are: (1) planning and design; (2) outreach and engagement; (3) enrollment; (4) use of ID; (5) and monitoring and evaluation. The cycle presents examples of continuous activities which should be regularly revisited to ensure that ID systems are accessible to people with disabilities regardless of the stage of implementation of the ID system. While not exhaustive, and recognizing that country contexts differ, this cyclical model can be a useful planning tool, much like that used across the world by electoral commissions for inclusive voter registration
    DOI: 10.1596/34848
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monitoring COVID-19 Impacts on Households in Vietnam, Report No. 2 : Round 2 Results Snapshot (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: To monitor the social and economic effects on households during the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Bank is conducting High-Frequency Phone Surveys of Households in Vietnam. These monitoring data help generate insights on household well-being amidst this dynamic period and highlight the effects on the most vulnerable members of Vietnamese society. This note provides a snapshot of results from the 2nd of five rounds of this survey series. Fieldwork for the second round was conducted from July 27 to August 12, 2020. During the first half of 2020, COVID-19 cases in Vietnam were well contained and appeared almost eradicated. However, after 99 days without any new COVID-19 cases, the Da Nang region re-entered lockdown after the emergence of a positive case on July 25th, 2020. While round one of the survey series (in June-July 2020) was conducted after the first lockdown, round two was collected right at the beginning of this second outbreak. The timing of fieldwork should be considered when considering trends
    DOI: 10.1596/34860
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Finance : Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing World (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: If financial markets are to realign towards truly sustainable development the financial sector needs to differentiate commercial actors more accurately on their climate and environmental performance. A potential breakthrough to help in this challenge is the emerging field of -'Spatial Finance', the independent assessment of the location of a company's or a country's assets and infrastructure using ground data, remote sensing observations and modelled insights, offers a potentially transformative means to gain improved quantitative ESG insights. Rapid development is required if spatial finance is to deliver in the short term. In this report, authors outline a possible taxonomy and hierarchy for spatial finance, showing how discrete forms of technology, approaches and data can be considered within a single consistent framework. Using this framework, spatial finance could provide insights at differing scales for different applications from the asset-scale for project finance, to company-scale for investment, to country scale for sovereign debt. Throughout the document authors provide insights into current cutting-edge developments within the field, illustrated with case studies from practitioners and data providers, and explore potential future developments
    DOI: 10.1596/34894
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of Climate Change on Georgia's Coastal Zone : Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Options (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Abstract: The higher-level purpose of this study is to provide information to be used to raise the ambition of Georgia's nationally determined contribution (NDCs) and to consider adaptation targets for the Black Sea coast of Georgia. The study also aims to highlight how supporting a blue economy can accelerate the implementation of adaptation measures required to reduce climate risks and contribute towards the region's socioeconomic development and environmental conservation. The methodology used in the present study consists of five main steps: define the geographic scope; review available climate change projections; identify key climate risks and vulnerabilities for coastal Georgia; assess the impact of climate change on economic sectors and infrastructure, and possible adaptation options; and prioritize initial recommendations and key climate adaptation actions. The approach used to evaluate the various impacts on coastal Georgia consisted of a qualitative analysis and expert input from international and local teams. This included an assessment of feasible adaptation options. Discussions with local experts and government agencies were also carried out in order to gain further details of vulnerable areas and evaluate both the potential for specific adaptation measures to yield economic benefits as well as the feasibility and acceptability of these options. The report is organized in six chapters. Chapter one introduces the purpose, objectives, methodology, and limitations for the study. Chapter two provides an overview of Georgia's coastal zone economic sectors, while chapter three provides an overview of Georgia's coastal climate and climate change impacts. Chapter four presents the priority risks for coastal Georgia, based on the existing cost of environmental degradation estimates and climate change projections. Chapter five discusses the impacts of climate change on Georgian coastal economic sectors, health and infrastructure, through the prism of the priority risks described in the previous chapter and presents a menu of adaptation options. Chapter six discusses the conclusions of the study and makes initial information, institutional, and investment recommendations, and key actions, including key actions required to implement climate adaptation on the ground
    DOI: 10.1596/34886
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  • 18
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    Perceptions of Gender Disparities in Vietnam's Labor Market (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Abstract: In the context of Vietnam's impressive economic growth over the last two decades, several studies have documented gender disparities, but few have studied the underlying constraints that drive the disparities. The Vietnamese government is working to increase its support to job seekers. To help fill the knowledge gaps, this study uses three qualitative methods to understand stakeholders' views on the mechanisms underlying gender disparities in the Vietnamese labor market and related policy: (1) individual biographical interviews; (2) focus group discussions; and (3) expert interviews. This study gives particular emphasis to the context in which the gender dynamic is played out in the sphere of the labor market. It approaches gender not as naturally determined but as socially constructed, with cultural, political, religious, and ethnical concepts all influencing its meaning. The study's qualitative findings confirm that a range of gender disparities exist in Vietnam's labor market. Section one gives introduction. Section two provides information on the institutional and legal environment in Vietnam and summarizes existing findings on gender disparities in the country's labor market. Section three describes the qualitative methodologies that were used in the study, namely individual biographical interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Section four discusses the empirical findings, section five details summary of research results for the provinces of Dien Bien and Quang Nam, and section six presents conclusions and policy recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/34895
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  • 19
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    Philippines Economic Update, December 2020 : Building a Resilient Recovery (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: The Philippine economy contracted by 10.0 percent, year-on-year, in the first three quarters of 2020, given the triple shock brought by the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 delivered a triple shock of a health crisis, strict containment measures, and a global recession of unprecedented scale. The sharp contraction in the second quarter was driven by the steep dive in private domestic demand, deep contraction in public investment activities, and the collapse of trade due to the impact of strict containment measures domestically and globally. Most of the country entered a more relaxed community quarantine in mid-August with a gradual opening of businesses and government operations. Yet, the economy further contracted in the third quarter, albeit a modest improvement from the peak of the outbreak. Moreover, the country was hit by a series of strong typhoons which may cause delay on the pace of the recovery as economic activities were affected in some areas. This report will feature disaster risk management (DRM) challenges the country faces and policy recommendations to strengthen its fiscal, physical, and social resilience. The severity of the recession can be explained, first and foremost, by the collapse in private consumption, as containment measures led to a fall in employment and incomes. Private consumption contracted by 8.2 percent, its worst performance on record. This was in large part due to a combination of factors that crippled domestic demand, including record-high unemployment, declining incomes (including remittances), movement restrictions that suppressed consumption, and a historic decline in consumer confidence. The deepest contraction was registered in the consumption of non-essential goods and services and those that were affected by the implementation of strict containment measures, while essential goods such as food registered small positive growth. In particular, the combination of travel restrictions and weak consumer confidence which weighed on demand, resulted in a collapse in domestic tourism expenditures, which make up a fifth of private consumption
    DOI: 10.1596/34899
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online Resource
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    Solomon Islands High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 : Results from Round 1 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The Solomon Islands is a lower middle income small island state in the Melanesian region of the Southwest Pacific. Agriculture, including logging, is central to the economy of the Solomon Islands. To protect the country from importation of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and to limit the possible spread of undiagnosed cases, beginning March 27, the government enacted a series of emergency measures under the State of Public Emergency (SoPE). Coronavirus (COVID-19) response measures, both domestically and abroad, are expected to have negative impacts on the economy and on livelihoods. A strong evidence base is needed to understand the socioeconomic implications of the coronavirus pandemic for the Solomon Islands. The objective of this survey was to measure the socioeconomic impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic in the Solomon Islands, including livelihoods, food security, and public safety and security, through a high frequency mobile phone survey
    DOI: 10.1596/34908
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
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    Papua New Guinea High Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 : Results from Round 1 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: Papua New Guinea (PNG) is the largest country in the Pacific region, and one of the most diverse countries in the world. The key development challenge in this lower-middle income country is how to translate macroeconomic gains from the resource sector into better opportunities and services for PNG's largely poor and rural populations. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has compounded issues for an already weakening economic situation. A strong evidence base is needed to understand the socioeconomic implications of the coronavirus pandemic for Papua New Guinea. Data is needed to inform the policy response to the coronavirus crisis. To monitor and assess the socio-economic impacts of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Papua New Guinea, five rounds of High Frequency Phone Surveys (HFPS) have been planned and will be conducted quarterly. Data collection began in late June 2020. This report presents the findings from round one and concludes with a policy section to help inform an evidence-based response to Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Papua New Guinea
    DOI: 10.1596/34907
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    Kenya Economic Update, November 2020 : Navigating the Pandemic (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Kenya's economy has been hit hard by COVID-19, severely affecting incomes and jobs. The economy has been exposed through the dampening effects on domestic activity of the containment measures and behavioral responses, and through trade and travel disruption (affecting key foreign currency earners such as tourism and cut flowers). Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 0.4 percent in H1 2020 year-on-year(y/y), compared to growth of 5.4 percent in H1 of 2019. This reflects a worse-than-anticipated Q2 GDP outturn, mainly due to a sharp reduction of services sector output, especially education. As a result, the economy is projected to contract by 1.0 percent in 2020 in the baseline scenario, and by 1.5 percent in a more adverse scenario. This revision essentially adopts the adverse scenario outlined in the April 2020 update, reflecting the more severe impact of the pandemic to date than had been initially anticipated, including on the measured output of the education sector following the closure of institutions in March. The special focus topic finds that the pandemic increased poverty by 4 percentage points (or an additional 2 million poor) through serious impacts on livelihoods, by sharp decreases in incomes and employment. The unemployment rate increased sharply,approximately doubling to 10.4 percent in the second quarter as measured by the KNBS Quarterly Labor Force Survey. Many wage workers who are still employed face reduced working hours, with average hours decreasing from 50 to 38 hours per week. Almost 1 in 3 household runbusinesses are not currently operating, and between February and June average revenue from household run businesses decreased by almost 50 percent. This has exacerbated food insecurity, and elevated pain and human suffering. In response to the crisis, the government has deployed both fiscal and monetary policies to support the healthcare system, protect the most vulnerable households, and support firms to help preserve jobs,incomes and the economy's productive potential. Tax revenue dropped below target, due to the marked slowdown in economic activity, as well as tax relief as part of the government's fiscal response package. At the same time, expenditures were raised to strengthen the capacity of the healthcare system to manage infections, protect the most vulnerable households, and support businesses
    DOI: 10.1596/34819
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  • 23
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    Realizing the Blue Economy Potential in Albania (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: The objective of this study is to fill the knowledge gaps to help advance Albania's vision of the Blue Economy, in the context of the country's aim of joining the EU. The two most important sectors with this regard are fisheries and tourism. Both industries are well established and offer the highest potential return on investment when it comes to the Blue Economy and have socio-economic and cultural significance for the coastal communities. The study further extends to cover the challenges of marine plastic pollution and examine possible solutions. For the purpose of cross-sectoral planning and investment coordination, the Blue Economy Development Framework (BEDF) is introduced as a distinct theme. The analysis concludes with a menu of options to develop the marine based economic activities and ultimately accelerate the country's transition towards the Blue Economy. The study reflects Albania's specific circumstances and the opportunities arising from integrated economic development of maritime sectors, including branding a 'Blue Albania' vision that could serve as a blueprint for future innovations in these sectors. Policy and decision makers from multiple institutions representing the GoA, as well as development partners and organizations such as the European Commission, have been consulted in the course of the study preparation
    DOI: 10.1596/34892
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  • 24
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    Uganda Economic Update, 16th Edition, December 2020 : Investing in Uganda's Youth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: Uganda's real GDP grew at 2.9 percent in FY20, less than half the 6.8 percent recorded in FY19, due to the effects of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis, and is expected to grow at a similar level in FY21, but downside risks are high. Economic activity stalled during the latter part of the fiscal year due to a domestic lockdown that lasted over four months, border closures for everything but essential cargo, and the spillover effects of disruption in global demand and global supply chains due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in a sharp contraction in public investment and deceleration in private consumption, which hit the industrial and service sectors hard, particularly the informal service sector. On a calendar year basis, real GDP growth is expected to contract by up to 1 percent in 2020, compared to 7.5 percent growth in 2019, and, as a result, real per capita GDP growth is expected to contract by about 4.5 percent. Even if GDP growth rebounds strongly by 2022, the level of per capita GDP is likely to remain well below its pre-COVID trajectory. As a result of these impacts, the COVID-19 crisis is threatening to reverse some of the gains made on structural transformation and the declining poverty trend of the past decade. This transformation was characterized by a reduction in the workforce employed in on-farm agriculture and a take-off in industrial production, largely in agro-processing. However, following the COVID shock, there have already been widespread firm closures, permanent layoffs in industry and services, a rapid slowdown of activity particularly in the urban informal sector, and a movement of labor back to farming. At the same time, household incomes have fallen, which is concerning given the high levels of vulnerability to poverty, limited social safety nets, and impacts this might have on human capital development and Uganda's capacity to benefit from its demographic transition
    DOI: 10.1596/34893
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  • 25
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    Monitoring Small-Scale Cross Border Trade in Africa : Issues, Approaches, and Lessons (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Capital Flows Study
    Abstract: This report synthesizes the work carried out as part of a World Bank ASA (Advisory Services and Analytics) activity to identify better systems and practical strategies that countries can use for improved monitoring of small-scale cross border trade (SSCBT). Large amounts of goods are known to be traded through cross border channels in Africa, yet SSCBT is poorly counted leading to a misrepresentation of the true state of regional integration and possible misalignment of trade and development policies. The study assesses the strengths and limitations of existing SSCBT data systems in East Africa to understand the feasibility and cost effectiveness of different data collection methods. It also looks at conditions along trade corridors in other regions of Africa where SSCBT data are only starting to be monitored to identify common bottlenecks and potential solutions for improved trade data collection in different environments. The analysis draws on fieldwork carried out during July and August 2019, as well as subsequent consultations with local counterparts, including with respect to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this work, the study aims to inform policy in countries where SSCBT is important and where the establishment of monitoring systems will be relevant and desirable. The project also contributes to discussions and negotiations on regional integration by raising the profile of SSCBT and drawing attention to the importance of addressing barriers that limit this trade. In addition to this report, findings of the ASA are also being shared with a diverse audience of policymakers, economic analysts, and civil society representatives through short policy notes, working papers, and dissemination events
    DOI: 10.1596/34884
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    Georgia : Towards Green and Resilient Growth (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Abstract: Georgia has made remarkable progress in terms of economic growth and poverty alleviation. In 2019, the country became an upper middle-income country Georgia's endowment of natural resources is a significant source of national wealth and has the potential for accelerating inclusive socio-economic development. Yet, challenges persist as poverty and inequality remain high, especially in rural areas. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) induced global recession has affected important sectors of the economy, including tourism and the travel industry. This report fills knowledge gaps in the upstream importance of environment and natural assets, and highlights areas for aligning national strategies with sustainable recovery from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In so doing, the report aims to inform national policies by which Georgia has commitments to "greening" sector developments aligned with the provisions of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement. The analysis underlying the report includes updates to the cost of environmental degradation (CoED) published in 2015. It also reflects the new government priorities and options for addressing specific challenges in forest management, land and coastal degradation, and air pollution. The recommendations of this report are designed for a wider audience, including the government of Georgia, as well as development partners and broader society
    DOI: 10.1596/34862
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  • 27
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    Thailand Manufacturing Firm Productivity Report (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: Thailand is an enduring development success story. Between the late 1960s and mid-1990s, strong and sustained economic growth propelled the country from low-income to upper-middle-income status. To achieve high-income status by 2037, the authorities will need to draw on the experiences of other upper-middle-income countries that have successfully completed the transition, as well as those that continue to struggle. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has severely impacted growth in Thailand, with the economy expected to contract in 2020 amid heightened uncertainty surrounding the path of the pandemic. This report focuses on the manufacturing sector builds on a framework that emphasizes the microeconomic and macroeconomic linkages of the sources of productivity growth. In line with this framework, Chapter 1 begins with an overview of Thailand's productivity dynamics at the macroeconomic level and identifies the causes of its slowing GDP growth rate.7 Chapter 2 analyzes the characteristics of Thai manufacturing firms and sub-sector productivity dynamics, revealing the drivers of firm productivity and distinguishing the relative contributions of within-firm effects, between-firm effects, and market dynamism. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of competition on firm productivity by comparing market entry and exit indicators with price markups. Chapter 4 concludes with a set of policy recommendations designed to boost firm productivity in Thailand's manufacturing sector
    DOI: 10.1596/34882
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  • 28
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    A Silver Lining : Productive and Inclusive Aging for Malaysia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Abstract: In 2020, Malaysia passes a crucial milestone in its demographic trajectory and becomes an aging society. Driven by a precipitous decline in fertility accompanied by a sustained rise in life expectancy, in recent years Malaysia has seen an uptick in the pace of demographic change. Rapid aging will be one of the most crucial megatrends affecting Malaysia in coming decades, raising policy challenges in areas such as employment, income security, health care, and aged care. The term silver economy has been coined to encompass all sources of opportunities that arise from economic activities that serve the needs and demands of older persons. While rapid aging is crucially important and will become even more so in coming decades, through the right choice of policies, the government of Malaysia can help the country achieve productive and inclusive aging. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented crisis with an enormous health and human toll, as well as exacerbated many of the policy challenges raised by aging both in the short term and more structurally. The report analyzes Malaysia's demographic, socioeconomic and macroeconomic contexts, as well as three select key policy areas where critical knowledge gaps exist-employment, income security, and aged care
    DOI: 10.1596/34887
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  • 29
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    Leading Schools Digitally : Evaluation of the Electronic School Planning and Budgeting System (e-RKAS) in Indonesia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The education system under the Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC) in Indonesia is highly decentralized. Most school costs under MoEC are covered by fiscal transfers from the centre to provincial and district levels, some of which are earmarked for education use. One such type of transfer is school operational grants, known as Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) or school operational assistance. BOS funds are managed directly by schools, which have been delegated the autonomy to receive, plan and budget, spend, administer, and report their use. Experience has shown that many schools lack the capacity to use BOS funds effectively and efficiently to deliver better learning outcomes for students, while there have been no planning systems to manage use of BOS funds towards achieving the National Education Standards (NES) for individual schools. Under the BOS program, each school is required to conduct a School Self-Evaluation (SSE) against the NES and use the results to develop its spending plans accordingly. Every school has also been advised to develop a planning and budgeting system (Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah or RKAS) to allocate and manage BOS funds. To support implementation of the RKAS, an application called the Rencana Kegiatan dan Anggaran Sekolah Berbasis Elektronik (e-RKAS or electronic school plan) has been developed. To assess the preliminary effects of introducing different e-RKAS applications on the role and behaviour of stakeholders, as well as challenges experienced during implementation, the World Bank conducted an evaluation of the e-RKAS program. This report focuses on the evaluation and impact of e-RKAS
    DOI: 10.1596/34883
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    Public-Private Partnerships for Investment and Delivery of Affordable Housing in Emerging Market Economies (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Abstract: The role of the public sector in housing delivery in many developed economies evolved from government as builder in the post-War era in the 1950s when the government directly constructed and delivered housing to meet the daunting demand for housing, to government as enabler and regulator in the 1980s and 90s when governments retreated from direct provision but started to focus on facilitating the private sector to deliver housing effectively, and to assist the poorest segment of the population. The point of departure is the belief that housing is essentially a private good that is best provided by the market. Today, the government's role is therefore focused on Should read: (i) establishing the enabling environment for the private sector (including private individuals) to deliver housing; (ii) addressing the market failures; and (iii) avoiding and/or correcting government policy failures. However, challenges persist for low-income households to find affordable accommodation in locations that work for them. Such shortages of affordable housing are most pronounced in developing countries, which in recent decades have seen rapid urbanization and the proliferation of informal settlements, which are increasingly challenging for the public sector to address. As the private sector and public sector fail to provide adequate and affordable housing for the lower-end of the market segment at the pace and scale that is needed, governments have since the later 2000's repositioned themselves as partners, and increasingly as entrepreneurs, to catalyze - and reduce the risk for - the private sector's entry into the affordable housing markets
    DOI: 10.1596/34889
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    Women Endure COVID-19 Unequally to Men (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The adverse impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is being disproportionately borne by women, further exacerbating the wide gender inequities in Myanmar. From food security, shortages in finances and the burden of caretaking responsibilities, women have been disproportionately affected by the secondary impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Women have had to adopt more drastic measures to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic, both reactively and proactively, ranging from reducing food- and non-food consumption and borrowing money from Micro-Finance Institutions and informal money lenders. Not unexpectedly, women's greater disadvantage, limited access to support, subjection to domestic violence and structural inequalities lend themselves to their being less optimistic about the near future. The evidence surveyed is clear that women are enduring Coronavirus (COVID-19) disproportionately worse than men, both in household and firm settings and they take on the bulk of the emotional burden with regard to responsive and proactive coping mechanisms
    DOI: 10.1596/34888
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  • 32
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    Global Experiences from Regulatory Sandboxes (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Regulatory sandboxes have become synonymous with fintech innovation and offer the unique benefit of providing the empirical evidence needed to substantiate decisions. This paper on Global Experiences from Regulatory Sandboxes brings together detailed lessons learned and case studies from sandboxes across the globe. Our research has identified 73 sandboxes in 57 jurisdictions. This is currently the most up-to-date resource for sandboxes available and is supplemented with an interactive database on Key data from Regulatory Sandboxes across the globe
    DOI: 10.1596/34789
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  • 33
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    Global Economic Prospects, June 2020 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Global Economic Prospects
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has, with alarming speed, dealt a heavy blow to an already-weak global economy, which is expected to slide into its deepest recession since the second world war, despite unprecedented policy support. The global recession would be deeper if countries take longer to bring the pandemic under control, if financial stress triggers defaults, or if there are protracted effects on households and firms. Economic disruptions are likely to be more severe and protracted in emerging market and developing economies with larger domestic outbreaks and weaker medical care systems; greater exposure to international spillovers through trade, tourism, and commodity and financial markets; weaker macroeconomic frameworks; and more pervasive informality and poverty. Beyond the current steep economic contraction, the pandemic is likely to leave lasting scars on the global economy by undermining consumer and investor confidence, human capital, and global value chains. Being mostly a reflection of the recent plunge in global energy demand, low oil prices are unlikely to provide much of a boost to global growth in the near term. While policymakers' immediate priorities are to address the health crisis and moderate the short-term economic losses, the likely long-term consequences of the pandemic highlight the need to forcefully undertake comprehensive reform programs to improve the fundamental drivers of economic growth, once the crisis abates. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1553-9
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  • 34
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    The Promise of Education in Indonesia (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Education Sector Review
    Abstract: This Indonesia Education Flagship Report examines ways to strengthen education reforms and boost the learning outcomes of all Indonesian students. It focuses on how the education system can deliver on the promise of human capital for Indonesia. The recommendations focus on protecting and building human capital by increasing the capacity, equity, and accountability for learning. The report also explores what the central government can do to make changes for the better in areas under its control and how to provide better guidance and support to provinces, districts, and schools
    DOI: 10.1596/34807
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  • 35
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    Natural Capital Accounting : Informing Policy Decisions and Management of Uganda's Natural Resources (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Abstract: The Government of Uganda has been working to establish a new system of NCA. NCA is a standardized approach to measuring and valuing natural resources. It overcomes the limitations of traditional economic measurements, such as gross domestic product (GDP), that look primarily at income and not at wealth. It provides physical and monetary information about natural capital wealth as well as income and other benefit flows. As such,NCA is already helping to inform key policies and plans in Uganda. The development of NCA in Uganda has been supported by various development partners, notably the World Bank's global program, WAVES. This paper offers an independent synthesis of Uganda's work with WAVES from 2018 to 2020. It is based on program documentation and a review of the accounts themselves, supplemented by interviews of key Ugandan officials involved in the process
    DOI: 10.1596/34811
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  • 36
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    Ghana Tax Gap Analysis (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the tax gap in Ghana, and help the Government of Ghana identify the areas where they can increase tax revenue by improving compliance. Tax gap for corporate income tax, import tax, estimated value added tax, and potential tax revenue from formalization of informal firms were investigated
    DOI: 10.1596/34806
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  • 37
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    Ethiopia Regional Poverty Report : Promoting Equitable Growth for All Regions (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Poverty Assessment
    Abstract: Ethiopia's economy has grown rapidly over the last two decades, leading to significant national poverty reduction, but there were significant differences in the pace and nature of poverty reduction across Ethiopia's eleven regions. Based on the national poverty line, poverty decreased from 46 percent in 1996 to 24 percent in 2016 nationwide. Poverty decreased in all the regions, particularly after 2005 when growth became more robust. Although regional disparities remained fairly low, regional poverty rates converged until 2011 only to begin diverging again in 2016
    DOI: 10.1596/34805
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  • 38
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    Business Regulation in South Asia and the Belt and Road Initiative (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the business environment in six South Asian countries, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, to examine whether business regulatory requirements in these countries hinder them from fully benefiting from BRI project spillovers. The analysis is based on available secondary data sources and responses to a structured questionnaire sent to selected private sector participants in each of these countries, eliciting information on the law, regulation, and practice in a wide range of thematic areas influencing the overall business and regulatory environment. Survey respondents identified nine key themes as the most challenging for the private sector, including from the perspective of potential benefits from BRI-induced opportunities. The thematic areas are: (a) licensing and inspection requirements; (b) regulations and practices governing foreign investment; (c) access to resources such as land, credit, and electricity; (d) regulatory restrictions on the operation of foreign firms, such as local content requirements and currency repatriation; (e) regulatory governance and corruption and state capture; (f) predictability and quality of the regulatory framework, especially corporate taxation; (g) government procurement laws and practice; (h) effective dispute settlement and grievance mechanisms; and (i) trade and customs regulations. The identified thematic areas promote connectivity and regional integration and thus are particularly relevant from the BRI perspective. Improvements along different dimensions of these thematic areas will likely enable countries in the region to gain from BRI-induced opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/34891
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  • 39
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    Ghana : gender analysis and policymaking for development (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 72 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg s.l.
    Series Statement: World Bank discussion paper no.403
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive 041181-4
    DDC: 305.3/09667
    Keywords: Sex discrimination against women / Ghana ; Sex role / Ghana ; Women in development / Ghana
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72)
    URL: Volltext
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    HBZ
  • 40
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    Ghana : gender analysis and policymaking for development (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821345303
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 72 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Series Statement: World Bank discussion paper no.403
    Parallel Title: Reproduktion von Ghana
    DDC: 305.3/09667
    Keywords: Frauenemanzipation ; Diskriminierung ; Frau ; Ghana ; Sex discrimination against women ; Ghana ; Sex role ; Ghana ; Women in development ; Ghana ; Ghana ; Frau ; Diskriminierung ; Ghana ; Frauenemanzipation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72) , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c1999
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    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    München BSB
    München UB
    Würzburg UB
    Regensburg UB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    Bayreuth UB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 41
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    A framework for the design and implementation of competition law and policy (1999)
    Washington, D.C : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 150 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 343/.0721
    Keywords: Antitrust law ; Competition Government policy ; Restraint of trade ; Antitrust law ; Competition Government policy ; Restraint of trade
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Project director, R. Shyam Khemani
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
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    Educational publishing in global perspective : capacity building and trends (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342541
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 229 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 070.5
    Keywords: Educational publishing Congresses ; Educational publishing Congresses
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Papers presented at a meeting held at the World Bank, Washington, D.C., Sept. 9-10, 1997
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    Institutional frameworks in successful water markets : Brazil, Spain, and Colorado, USA (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344595
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 43 p) , ill., col. maps , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.427
    DDC: 333.91
    Keywords: Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Economic aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    The private sector in water : competition and regulation (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank Group
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 p) , ill , 29 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 333.91
    Keywords: Privatization ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Government policy ; Privatization ; Water-supply Economic aspects ; Water-supply Government policy
    Note: Cover title , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 45
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    Online Resource
    Global development finance 1999 : Country tables (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343688 , 9780821343685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (650 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Global Development Finance was formerly published as World Debt Tables. The new name reflects the report's expanded scope and greater coverage of private financial flows. The report consists of two volumes:a) Analysis and Summary Tables contains analysis and commentary on recent developments in international finance for developing countries, with particular focus on the global financial crisis. Summary statistical tables are included for 150 countries. b) Country Tables contains statistical tables on the external debt of the 138 countries that report public and public guaranteed debt under the Debtor Reporting System (DRS). Also included are tables of selected debt and resource flow statistics for individual reporting countries as well as summary tables for regional and income groups. This year's report includes the external debt obligations of the Republic of Korea, a high-income country. Charts on pages xx to xxii summarize graphically the relation between debt stock and its components; the computation of net flows, aggregate net resource flow, and aggregate net transfers; and the relation between net resource flow and the balance of payments. Exact definitions of these and other terms are found in the Sources and Definitions section
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    Managing disaster risk in Mexico : Market Incentives for Mitigation Investment (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, Disaster Management Facility
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344919
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 57 p) , ill., maps , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Disaster risk management series no.1
    DDC: 363.34/0972
    Keywords: Disaster insurance Finance ; Emergency management Government policy ; Emergency management ; Risk management ; Disaster insurance Finance ; Emergency management Government policy ; Emergency management ; Risk management
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-57) , Report based on an Oct. 1998 World Bank mission to Mexico as examined by a team of experts during a workshop organized in Mexico City on February 23-24, 1999
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  • 47
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    Online Resource
    World Bank research program 1999 : Abstracts of current studies (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082134580X , 9780821345801
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (228 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Bank research projects investigate a broad range of issues in wide variety of settings. This volume reports on research projects initiated, under way or completed in fiscal 1999 (July 1, 1998, through June 30, 1999), The abstracts in the volume describe, for each project, the questions addressed, the analytical methods used, the findings to date, and their policy implications. Each abstract also identifies the expected completion date, the research team, and any reports or publications produced. The abstracts cover 202 research projects grouped under nine headings:a) poverty and social welfare; b) education and labor markets; c) environmentally sustainable development; d) macroeconomics; e) international economics; f) domestic finance and capital markets; g) transition economies; and h) private sector development and public sector management
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  • 48
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    Online Resource
    Ukraine : restoring growth with equity:a participatory country economic memorandum (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 207 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank country study
    DDC: 330.9477/08/6
    Keywords: Ukraine Economic conditions 1991- ; Ukraine Economic policy 1991- ; Ukraine Social conditions 1991- ; Ukraine Economic conditions 1991- ; Ukraine Economic policy 1991- ; Ukraine Social conditions 1991-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 49
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    TradeCAN : database and software for a competitiveness analysis of nations (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344439 , 0821344463
    Language: English , Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (Electronic data and programs, 1 computer optical disc) , col , 4 3/4 in.
    Additional Material: 1 user guide (xi, 67 p. :ill. ; 23 cm.)
    Edition: 1999 ed
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: International trade Statistics ; Databases ; International trade Statistics ; Databases
    Abstract: TradeCAN is designed to analyze international, national, and regional competitiveness in commodities and manufactured exports. It allows users to calculate market shares for each three or four digit SITC export for 1985-1996 and record changes in market share and market structure
    Note: Consists of two databases:TradeCAN 1, industrialized world's imports, and; TradeCAN 2, developing world's imports , Title from disc label , Numeric data. , System requirements:PC with Pentium 150 or faster processor; Windows 95, 98, or NT 3.x or later; hard disk with 20MB free space. , English and Spanish
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  • 50
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    Tanzania : social sector review (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821345850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 203 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank country study
    DDC: 362.9678
    Keywords: Human services ; Human services ; Tanzania Social conditions ; Tanzania Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [197]-203)
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  • 51
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    Moldova--poverty assessment (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344773
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 57 p) , ill., 1 col. map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 362.5/09476
    Keywords: Poor ; Poverty ; Poor ; Poverty ; Moldova Economic conditions 1991- ; Moldova Economic conditions 1991-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 57)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
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    Economic growth with equity : which strategy for Ukraine? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 62 p) , ill , 27 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank discussion paper no.408
    DDC: 338.9477
    Keywords: Ukraine Economic conditions 1991- ; Ukraine Economic policy 1991- ; Ukraine Economic conditions 1991- ; Ukraine Economic policy 1991-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 53
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    Economic growth with equity : Ukrainian perspectives (1999)
    Washington : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344048
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 169 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank discussion paper no.407
    DDC: 338.9477
    Keywords: Ukraine Economic conditions 1991- ; Ukraine Economic policy 1991- ; Ukraine Economic conditions 1991- ; Ukraine Economic policy 1991-
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 54
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    European Union accession : the challenges for public liability management in Central Europe (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343521
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 133 p) , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 336.3/4/094
    Keywords: European Union Congresses ; European Union Congresses ; Debts, Public Congresses Management ; Finance, Public Congresses ; Debts, Public Congresses Management ; Finance, Public Congresses
    Note: "A European Borrowers Network initiative , Conference papers , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 55
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    Information systems for government fiscal management (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082134398X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 40 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Sector studies series
    DDC: 352.4/238/091724
    Keywords: Finance, Public Data processing ; Finance, Public Data processing ; Finance, Public Data processing ; Finance, Public Data processing ; Management information systems ; Finance, Public Data processing ; Finance, Public Data processing ; Finance, Public Data processing ; Finance, Public Data processing ; Management information systems
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 40)
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  • 56
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    Southern African agribusiness : gaining through regional collaboration (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344226
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v, 197 p) , ill., 1 map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.424
    DDC: 338.1/0968
    Keywords: Agricultural industries International cooperation ; Agricultural industries International cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 57
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    Czech Republic : capital market review (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821345052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 194 p) , ill , 27 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank country study
    DDC: 332/.0414
    Keywords: Capital market ; Capital market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 58
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    Trade, global policy, and the environment (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344587
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 214 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank discussion paper no.402
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Economic development Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Congresses ; Foreign trade regulation Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; Free trade Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; Free trade Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; International trade Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Congresses ; Foreign trade regulation Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; Free trade Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; Free trade Environmental aspects ; Congresses ; International trade Environmental aspects ; Congresses
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Papers presented at a World Bank conference in April 1998
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  • 59
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    Forest management in Nepal : economics and ecology (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv 50 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.445
    DDC: 333.75/17/095496
    Keywords: Forest management ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects ; Forest management ; Forests and forestry Economic aspects
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 60
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    Accelerating China's rural transformation (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821345761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 132 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 307.1/412/0951
    Keywords: Rural development ; Rural development ; China Rural conditions ; China Rural conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [119]-132)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Czech Republic : toward EU accession:main report (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821345907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 249, [80] p) , ill., 1 map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 330.94371/05
    Keywords: European Union ; European Union ; Czech Republic Economic conditions ; Czech Republic Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 62
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    Groundwater : legal and policy perspectives:proceedings of a World Bank seminar (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082134613X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 262 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.456
    DDC: 333.91/04
    Keywords: Groundwater Congresses ; Groundwater Congresses
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 63
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    Privatization of the power and natural gas industries in Hungary and Kazakhstan (1999)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344838
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 135 p) , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.451
    DDC: 333.793/2/09439
    Keywords: Electric utilities Privatization ; Electric utilities Privatization ; Gas industry Privatization ; Gas industry Privatization ; Electric utilities Privatization ; Electric utilities Privatization ; Gas industry Privatization ; Gas industry Privatization
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 64
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    Entering the 21st century : World development report, 1999/2000 (1999)
    New York : Published for the World Bank, Oxford University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0195211243 , 0195211251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 300 p) , col. ill., col. map , 27 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.] World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: Decentralization in government ; Economic development ; Economic indicators ; Free trade ; International finance ; International trade ; Investments, Foreign ; Urbanization Economic aspects
    Note: "This report has been prepared by a team led by Shahid Yusuf"--P. iv , "World Bank 2000"--Cover , Accompanied by:Entering the 21st century summary. iv, 11 p. :ill. ; 27 cm. 2000 , Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-211) and index
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  • 65
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    Ethiopia : social sector report (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 137 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg s.l.
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive 041181-4
    DDC: 306/.0963
    Keywords: Education / Ethiopia ; Ethiopia / Social conditions / 1974- ; Ethiopia / Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-l37)
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    HBZ
  • 66
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    Gender analysis in Papua New Guinea (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 147 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg s.l.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive 041181-4
    DDC: 305.42/09953
    Keywords: Sex discrimination against women / Papua New Guinea ; Sex role / Papua New Guinea ; Women / Legal status, laws, etc / Papua New Guinea ; Women / Papua New Guinea / Economic conditions ; Women / Papua New Guinea / Social conditions ; Women in development / Papua New Guina
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-147)
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  • 67
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    Gender analysis in Papua New Guinea (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343947
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 147 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Parallel Title: Reproduktion von Gender analysis in Papua New Guinea
    DDC: 305.42/09953
    Keywords: Frau ; Wirtschaft ; Sex discrimination against women ; Papua New Guinea ; Sex role ; Papua New Guinea ; Women in development ; Papua New Guina ; Women ; Legal status, laws, etc ; Papua New Guinea ; Women ; Papua New Guinea ; Economic conditions ; Women ; Papua New Guinea ; Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-147) , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c1998
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    München BSB
    München UB
    Würzburg UB
    Regensburg UB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    Bayreuth UB
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    African art : the World Bank collection (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821341952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 92 p) , ill. (some col.), col. map , 30 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 709/.67/074753
    Keywords: World Bank Art collections ; Catalogs ; World Bank Art collections ; Catalogs ; Art Private collections ; Catalogs ; Art, Black Catalogs ; Art Private collections ; Catalogs ; Art, Black Catalogs
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-92)
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    Bibliography of publications : Africa Region, 1990-97 (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821340891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 62 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.393
    DDC: 016.33096
    Keywords: World Bank Bibliography ; Catalogs ; World Bank Bibliography ; Catalogs ; Africa Bibliography ; Catalogs ; Africa Economic conditions 1960- ; Bibliography ; Catalogs ; Africa Bibliography ; Catalogs ; Africa Economic conditions 1960- ; Bibliography ; Catalogs
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Implementing the Ethiopian national policy for women : institutional and regulatory issues (1998)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082134207X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 82 p) , ill , 27 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 362.83/09
    Keywords: Women Government policy ; Women Legal status, laws, etc ; Women Government policy ; Women Legal status, laws, etc
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Lithuania : an opportunity for economic success (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342444 , 0821343270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (2 v) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.94793
    Keywords: Lithuania Economic conditions 1991- ; Lithuania Economic policy 1991- ; Lithuania Economic conditions 1991- ; Lithuania Economic policy 1991-
    Description / Table of Contents: v. l. Main report -- v. 2. Analytical background.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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    Social funds and reaching the poor : experiences and future directions:proceedings from an international workshop organized by the World Bank... [et al.] (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 247 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: EDI learning resources series
    DDC: 338.9/22
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Community development Congresses ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Congresses ; Community development Congresses ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Congresses
    Note: Papers presented at the International Workshop on Social Funds, May 27-30, 1997, Washington, D.C
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    East Asia : the road to recovery (1998)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 138 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 332/.095
    Keywords: Currency question ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Currency question ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; East Asia Economic policy ; East Asia Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Enhancing the role of government in the Pacific Island economies (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343513
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 122 p) , ill., map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.99
    Keywords: Finance, Public Accounting ; Government spending policy ; Total quality management in government ; Finance, Public Accounting ; Government spending policy ; Total quality management in government ; Islands of the Pacific Economic policy ; Islands of the Pacific Social policy ; Islands of the Pacific Economic policy ; Islands of the Pacific Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122)
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  • 75
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    Agriculture and the environment : perspectives on sustainable rural development (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342495
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 383 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank symposium
    DDC: 338.1
    Keywords: Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Rural development International cooperation ; Rural development ; Sustainable development International cooperation ; Sustainable development ; Agriculture Environmental aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Rural development International cooperation ; Rural development ; Sustainable development International cooperation ; Sustainable development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 76
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    Online Resource
    Organizing knowledge for environmentally and socially sustainable development : proceedings of a concurrent meeting of the fifth annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development, partnerships for global ecosystem management, science, economics and law:cosponsored by UNESCO and the World Bank and held at the World Bank, Washington, D.C., October 9-10, 1997 (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342509
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 92 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Environmentally and socially sustainable development
    DDC: 333.7/07/2
    Keywords: Sustainable development Research ; Congresses ; Sustainable development Research ; Congresses
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 77
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    Online Resource
    Identification of joint management structures for shared aquifers : a cooperative Palestinian-Israeli effort (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi 28 p) , ill., map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.415
    DDC: 333.91/0095694
    Keywords: Aquifers ; Aquifers ; Water resources development Management ; Water resources development Management ; Aquifers ; Aquifers ; Water resources development Management ; Water resources development Management
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-28)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 78
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    Online Resource
    Developing countries' participation in the World Trade Organization (1998)
    Washington, DC : World Bank and World Trade Organization
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1906
    Parallel Title: Michalopoulos, Constantine Developing countries' participation in the World Trade Organization
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; International trade ; International trade ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations
    Note: "March 1998"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 34)
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  • 79
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    Online Resource
    El Salvador, rural development study (1998)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821341812
    Language: English , Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 221 p) , ill., maps(some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.1/87284
    Keywords: Agriculture Economic aspects ; Rural development ; Rural poor ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Rural development ; Rural poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , English or Spanish
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 80
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    Online Resource
    Slovak Republic : a strategy for growth and European integration (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 183 p) , ill., 1 map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.94373
    Keywords: Slovakia Economic conditions ; Slovakia Economic policy ; Slovakia Economic conditions ; Slovakia Economic policy
    Note: "Based on the findings of missions that visited the Slovak Republic in December, 1996, and January, 1997"--P. vi , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 81
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    Gender and law : Eastern Africa speaks:proceedings of th conference organized by the World Bank and the Economic Commission for Africa (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 229 p) , 25 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 346.67601/34
    Keywords: Women Legal status, laws, etc ; Congresses ; Women in development Congresses ; Women Legal status, laws, etc ; Congresses ; Women in development Congresses
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 82
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    Concessions for infrastructure : a guide to their design and award (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821341650
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 132 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.399
    DDC: 363
    Keywords: Concessions ; Infrastructure(Economics) ; Privatization ; Concessions ; Infrastructure(Economics) ; Privatization
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-132)
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  • 83
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    Hard lessons : primary schools, community, and social capital in Nigeria (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 66 p) , ill., 1 col. map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.420. Africa region series
    DDC: 372.9669
    Keywords: Community and school ; Education, Elementary Social aspects ; Education, Elementary Evaluation ; Educational change ; Educational surveys ; Human capital ; Community and school ; Education, Elementary Social aspects ; Education, Elementary Evaluation ; Educational change ; Educational surveys ; Human capital
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 84
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    Comprehensive river basin development : the Tennessee Valley Authority (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343084
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 86 p) , ill., maps (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.416
    DDC: 333.91/15/09768
    Keywords: Tennessee Valley Authority History ; Tennessee Valley Authority History ; Electric power ; Reservoirs Regulation ; Water resources development ; Electric power ; Reservoirs Regulation ; Water resources development ; Tennessee River Power utilization ; Tennessee River Power utilization
    Note: Based on papers presented at a World Bank-sponsored seminar held on Feb. 13, 1997 in Washington, D.C , Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76)
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  • 85
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    Government support to private infrastructure projects in emerging markets (1998)
    Washington, DC : World Bank, Economic Development Institute, Regulatory Reform and Private Enterprise Division and Private Participation in Infrastructure Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1868
    Parallel Title: Dailami, Mansoor Government support to private infrastructure projects in emerging markets
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization
    Note: "January 1998"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-22)
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  • 86
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    Indicators of land quality and sustainable land management : an annotated bibliography (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 124 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Environmentally and socially sustainable development. Rural development
    DDC: 016.33376
    Keywords: Agricultural ecology Bibliography ; Environmental indicators Bibliography ; Land capability for agriculture Evaluation ; Bibliography ; Land use, Rural Evaluation ; Agricultural ecology Bibliography ; Environmental indicators Bibliography ; Land capability for agriculture Evaluation ; Bibliography ; Land use, Rural Evaluation
    Note: "A joint publication of the World Bank and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
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  • 87
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    Post-conflict reconstruction : the role of the World Bank (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 69 p) , 23cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 658.1/532
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic assistance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 69)
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  • 88
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    Honduras : toward better health care for all (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821341901
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 72 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 362.1/097283
    Keywords: Health planning ; Medical care ; Health planning ; Medical care ; Honduras Statistics, Medical ; Honduras Statistics, Medical
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
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    Setting priorities : abridged version of the document endorsed by the Ministerial Conference, Lucerne, Switzerland, 28-30 April, 1993 (1998)
    Washington, D.C : Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
    Details
    ISBN: 0821331795
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 124 p) , ill., maps , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 363.7/0094
    Keywords: Environmental policy Congresses ; Pollution Economic aspects ; Congresses ; Environmental policy Congresses ; Pollution Economic aspects ; Congresses ; Europe, Eastern Economic policy 1989- ; Congresses ; Europe, Eastern Economic policy 1989- ; Congresses
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
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    Public expenditure management handbook (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 177 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: Budget Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Expenditures, Public Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Government spending policy Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Budget Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Expenditures, Public Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Government spending policy Handbooks, manuals, etc
    Note: "The report was produced by the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management(PREM) Network of the Bank under the guidance of Cheryl Gray"--P. vi
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  • 91
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    Coral reefs : challenges and opportunities for sustainable management:proceedings of an associated event of the Fifth Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342355
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 224 p) , ill. (some col.), map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Environmentally and socially sustainable development
    DDC: 333.95/5316
    Keywords: Coral reef management Congresses ; Coral reefs and islands Congresses Economic aspects ; Endangered ecosystems Congresses ; Coral reef management Congresses ; Coral reefs and islands Congresses Economic aspects ; Endangered ecosystems Congresses
    Note: "Cosponsored by the World Bank and the International Center for Living and Aquatic Resources Management, held at the World Bank, Washington, D.C., October 9-11, 1997 , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 92
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    West Bank and Gaza : medium-term development strategy for the health sector (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821342304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 158 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 362.1/095695/3
    Keywords: Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical economics ; Medical economics ; Medical policy ; Medical policy ; Medical care ; Medical care ; Medical economics ; Medical economics ; Medical policy ; Medical policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
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    The World Bank research program 1998 : Abstracts of current studies (1998)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821341766 , 9780821341766
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (183 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The four basic objectives of the World Bank's research program are:broadening understanding of development; assisting in developing research capacity in member countries; improving the Bank's capacity in advising members; and supporting all aspects of its own operations. The report is the annual compendium of current Bank research. The abstracts in this volume report on research projects within FY98, describing questions addressed , analytical methods used, findings to date, and policy implications. In addition, each abstract identifies the expected completion date and the research team, as well as any report or publication produced. The abstracts cover 193 research projects grouped under nine major headings, as follows:1) poverty and social welfare; 2) labor markets and education; 3) environmentally sustainable development; 4) infrastructure and urban development; 5) macroeconomics; 6) international economics; 7) domestic finance and capital markets; 8) transition economies; and 9) private sector development and public sector management. An appendix is included, listing reports and publications produced by Bank research with corresponding availability sources. Abstracts are indexed by the sponsoring unit
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  • 94
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    World Development Report 1998/1999 : Knowledge for Development (1998)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0195211189 , 9780195211184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (256 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: This is the twenty-first in the annual series assessing major development issues. This report acknowledges that knowledge, not capital, is the key to sustained economic growth and improvements in human well-being. It distinguishes between two sorts of knowledge:knowledge about technology, called technical knowledge or simply know-how, and knowledge about attributes, that is, knowledge about products, processes, or institutions. The report focuses on the relationship between the unequal distribution in know-how (knowledge gaps) across and within countries and the difficulties posed by having incomplete knowledge of attributes (information problems). In the first of three parts, the report discusses the importance of knowledge to development, and the risks and opportunities that the information revolution poses for developing countries. It then examines three critical steps that developing countries must take to narrow knowledge gaps:acquiring knowledge, absorbing knowledge, and communicating knowledge. Part 2 discusses the nature and extent of information problems, specific information problems, and three areas where information problems are most severe, namely in financial information, in environmental research, and in listening to the poor. Part 3 summarizes what knowledge and information requirements mean for developing government and international institution policies
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  • 95
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    Ethiopia : social sector report (1998)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821343149
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 137 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    Parallel Title: Reproduktion von Ethiopia
    DDC: 306/.0963
    Keywords: Erziehung ; Soziales System ; Sozialpolitik ; Ethiopia Social conditions 1974- ; Ethiopia Social policy ; Äthiopien ; Education ; Ethiopia ; Äthiopien ; Sozialpolitik ; Äthiopien ; Soziales System
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-l37) , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c1998
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    München BSB
    München UB
    Würzburg UB
    Regensburg UB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    Bayreuth UB
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  • 96
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    Kazakstan : transition of the state (1997)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821339028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xlvi, 240 p) , 1 map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 338.95845
    Keywords: Structural adjustment (Economic policy) ; Structural adjustment (Economic policy) ; Kazakhstan Economic policy 1991- ; Kazakhstan Politics and government 1991- ; Kazakhstan Economic policy 1991- ; Kazakhstan Politics and government 1991-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 97
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    China's management of enterprise assets : the state as shareholder (1997)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821340115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 89 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    DDC: 352.2/66/0951
    Keywords: Corporations, Government ; Government business enterprises ; Government ownership ; Industrial policy China.- ; Privatization ; Corporations, Government ; Government business enterprises ; Government ownership ; Industrial policy China.- ; Privatization
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89)
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  • 98
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    Expanding the measure of wealth : indicators of environmentally sustainable development (1997)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821339567
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 110 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Environmentally sustainable development studies and monographs series no.17
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Sustainable development ; Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Sustainable development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 99
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    Investing in pastoralism : sustainable natural resource use in arid Africa and the Middle East (1997)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821339435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 159 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper no.365
    DDC: 333.74/0915/4
    Keywords: Agricultural development projects Planning ; Animal industry Planning ; Arid regions agriculture Planning ; Conservation of natural resources Planning ; Natural resources, Communal Planning ; Pastures Planning ; Agricultural development projects Planning ; Animal industry Planning ; Arid regions agriculture Planning ; Conservation of natural resources Planning ; Natural resources, Communal Planning ; Pastures Planning
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-153)
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  • 100
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    Five years after Rio : innovations in environmental policy (1997)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821339575
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v, 53 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Environmentally sustainable development studies and monographs series no.18
    DDC: 363.7/056
    Keywords: Environmental management ; Environmental policy ; Sustainable development ; Environmental management ; Environmental policy ; Sustainable development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53)
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