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  • 1995-1999  (162)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (137)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre  (25)
  • Development  (148)
  • Konferenzschrift
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Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Politics and Economics of Transition to an Open Market Economy in Viet Nam (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.152
    Keywords: Development ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Reform in Viet Nam is a protracted process. Beginning in 1979, it experienced both advances and reversals until 1986, a sudden acceleration in 1989-91, then gradualism hampered by a deepening entrenchment of interests in positions both for and against further liberalisation. A stop-go cycle has developed in which the new incentives and opportunities resulting from reform are sufficient to block broad reversion to earlier phases, but comprehensive advances would seem to depend on the occurrence of deeply unfavourable shocks. When crisis has seriously undermined performance, leaders have embraced reform to shore up legitimacy, while in good times they have tended to disagree over the long-term risks of reform and how to deal with those risks ...
    DOI: 10.1787/634117557525
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade and competition policies : exploring the ways forward; [a Conference on Trade and Competition was held 29 - 30 June 1999 at the OECD] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264174044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Trade and competition policies
    RVK:
    QM 230
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Außenhandel ; Internationaler Wettbewerb
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174047-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foreign direct investment and the environment : [... "Conference on FDI and the Environment” in the Hague in January 1999] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Foreign direct investment and the environment
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltschutz
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264266315-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conflits et croissance en Afrique : Kenya, Ouganda et Tanzanie Volume 2 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274167
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict and Growth in Africa; Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda Volume 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict and Growth in Africa: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda Volume 2
    Keywords: Development ; Kenya ; Tanzania, United Republic of ; Uganda
    Abstract: Les conflits : tel est le sujet de ce livre. Rien là de bien original si ce n'est qu'il analyse la situation de trois pays d'Afrique de l'Est d'un point de vue économique. Sans faire abstraction des facteurs sociaux, ethniques et historiques qui sont à l'origine des conflits, les auteurs s'intéressent aux problèmes économiques bien réels qui exacerbent les frictions sous-jacentes. Les disparités entre zones urbaines et rurales, par exemple, sont sensibles dans les niveaux de revenu, mais aussi dans des domaines tels que la santé, l'éducation ou l'emploi ; autre réalité : le clientélisme, celui-ci favorise une petite élite de fonctionnaires au détriment du reste de la population. Les auteurs identifient ainsi les facteurs économiques qui jouent un rôle aggravant dans les situations de conflit, en évaluent le coût économique, et proposent des réorientations politiques susceptibles d'atténuer les risques de conflit. Cet ouvrage s'intègre dans une série composée de trois volumes ; il porte essentiellement sur le Kenya, l'Ouganda et la Tanzanie. Pour en savoir plus Conflits et croissance en Afrique -- Vol. 1 : Le Sahel Conflits et croissance en Afrique -- Vol. 3 : L'Afrique australe
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274167-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conflict and Growth in Africa : Southern Africa Volume 3 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflits et croissance en Afrique ; Afrique australe Volume 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflits et croissance en Afrique : Afrique australe Volume 3
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This book is about conflict. In that, it is certainly not alone, but it approaches the problem in five Southern African countries from the standpoint of economic analysis. While the authors have not ignored social, ethnic and historical factors which led to conflict, they have identified economic realities which exacerbate underlying friction. These realities include disparities in rural-urban income levels and in health, education and employment, and a system of clientilism which benefits a small group of civil servants to the detriment of the rest of the population. Having identified aggravating economic factors in conflict, the authors proceed to an appreciation of its economic cost, then propose economic policy changes which would tend towards reducing the potential for conflict. One of a series of three volumes, this book concentrates on Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180154-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth and Competition in the New Global Economy (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264180758
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La croissance et la compétitivité dans la nouvelle économie mondiale
    RVK:
    QG 020
    RVK:
    QG 000
    RVK:
    MH 10910
    Keywords: Development ; Konferenzschrift 1996 ; Weltwirtschaft ; Internationalisierung ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: The integration of the newly emerging economies (NEEs) into the global economy not only raises major challenges for OECD Member countries, which must adapt to new sources of competition, it also forces emerging economies to equip themselves with the policies and structures necessary to operate successfully in the global marketplace. That these challenges have still not been adequately taken up has been amply demonstrated by the financial crisis which struck Asian NEEs in mid 1997. Hence the need for more dialogue, on both the domestic and international levels, to reform policies and to avoid policy failures and crises in emerging economies, with ensuing impact on the industrialised countries. This book moves in that direction by dealing with issues as varied and complementary as: the perspectives for an integrating world economy; the financing of economic reform; employment generation and poverty alleviation; or the role of institutions in economic development. These themes are tackled in the light of the experience of Asian newly industrialised countries, namely Korea, China and India. This publication offers a stimulating, well-informed tour of the issues which policy makers will have to resolve if the integration of the NEEs into the world economy is to be facilitated. [This book brings together the presentations made during a conference organised jointly in Seoul by the OECD Development Centre, the Korean Development Institute and the International Center for Economic Growth.]
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264180758-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial Liberalisation in Asia : Analysis and Prospects (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La libéralisation financière en Asie ; Analyses et perspectives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La libéralisation financière en Asie : Analyses et perspectives
    RVK:
    QM 331
    RVK:
    QL 270
    RVK:
    QG 800
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Asien ; Kreditmarkt ; Krise
    Abstract: Rapid globalisation has brought substantial benefits to developing Asia, but it has also heightened the risks associated with policy mistakes, weak financial institutions, and problems in corporate and public governance. The 1997 Asian crisis has demonstrated the urgent need to rethink the sequencing and comprehensiveness of financial liberalisation. Would further opening of Asia's financial systems be helpful or counterproductive in fostering financial stability? What structural reforms do emerging economies need to undertake to ensure that capital inflows are transformed into productive investment? Which regulatory and other requirements would have to be attached to further financial liberalisation? And what role should international organisations and the private sector play in crisis resolution?This volume seeks to provide answers to these questions by discussing the roots of the Asian financial crisis and suggesting some constructive approaches to crisis resolution. It was produced jointly by the Asian Development Bank and OECD Development Centre based on their fourth joint annual Forum on Asian Perspectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172562-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Education, Migration and Productivity : An Analytic Approach and Evidence from Rural Mexico (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Éducation, migration et productivité ; Une analyse des zones rurales au Mexique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Éducation, migration et productivité : Une analyse des zones rurales au Mexique
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Keywords: Development ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Ländlicher Raum ; Schulbildung ; Produktivität ; Migration
    Abstract: This book challenges the assumption that the major benefits of investment in rural education accrue to traditional agricultural activities, such as staples production. Indeed, rural economies are much more complex than such an assumption would allow and the benefits from education are, therefore, rather dispersed, and vary significantly according to the level of educational attainment achieved. The authors have carried out a survey of rural households in Mexico, taking into account educational levels, not only of the head of household, but also of the other members of the family. Their overriding purpose is to present an approach for analysing education-migration-productivity interactions, to test this approach using real-world data, and to draw relevant conclusions for educational and development policy. The result is an analytical tool of great practical interest for policy makers, as well as for specialists who might wish to extend the technique to other societies and situations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172852-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparing youth for the 21st century : the transition from education to the labour market; proceedings of the Washington D.C. conference, 23 - 24 February 1999; [Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: the Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Preparing youth for the 21st century
    RVK:
    QV 240
    RVK:
    DL 2000
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Berufsbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173422-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development Co-operation Reviews: Denmark 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.33
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Danemark 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Danemark 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Denmark's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Denmark is the top performer among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in terms of the volume of its official development assistance (ODA). Denmark’s ODA volume has been maintained at around 1% of gross national product (GNP) since 1992, thanks to a strong consensus and public support for development aid. The quality of Denmark’s aid effort is also most impressive. In particular this high volume of aid is supported by a strong long-range strategy, whose directions - and especially the central emphasis on poverty reduction - are in harmony with the Development Partnership Strategy agreed by the DAC in 1996. Denmark has succeeded in concentrating its bilateral assistance on 20 countries, 18 of which are low-income or least developed countries. Aid is concentrated on sectors of particular relevance to the poor and on programmes in the poorest areas of these countries, thus working towards the goal of poverty reduction. Since 1996, Denmark has pursued a policy of "active multilateralism" to promote its concerns for increased focus and efficiency in multilateral aid programmes. However, there is no clear evidence that this policy has greatly advanced the intended results, as it still reflects a largely unilateral approach more than a joint endeavour. Denmark is a long-standing positive example of the integration of the aid system with other aspects of foreign relations. This approach combines policy coherence in Denmark’s relations with developing countries and professionalism in the aid programme, enhanced by an effective decentralisation of responsibility to embassies in programme countries. This integrated approach has helped Danish development assistance (Danida) to pioneer since 1994 a shift in aid implementation from project support to Sector Programme Support (SPS), an approach which should be mutually reinforcing with the DAC’s Partnership Strategy. It implies also a stepping up in co-ordination activities, both between donors and with partner countries, which Denmark has fully backed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173088-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Participatory Governance : The Missing Link for Poverty Reduction (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gouvernance participative : Le chaînon manquant dans la lutte contre la pauvreté
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Empowerment of the poor is one ingredient in effective poverty reduction. • A demand-driven participatory approach enhances effectiveness and efficiency. • Accountability is the central lever for participatory governance. • Capacity building is necessary for making participatory governance a reality.
    DOI: 10.1787/888041015581
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender, Human Capital and Growth : Evidence from Six Latin American Countries (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 96 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.151
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This Technical Paper reports on a body of research conducted for the OECD Development Centre by Donald J. Robbins. It examines the patterns and determinants of rapidly rising educational attainment in six Latin American countries — Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Uruguay — all of which illustrate the sweeping transformations in growth, demographics and education now occurring in much of the world. It finds that rising per capita output, through a mechanism which induces women to join the labour force and interacts with falling family size, acts as the key factor leading to mounting educational achievement. This in fact highlights the role of women in basic household microeconomic decisions with powerful economic and social effects — decisions about female labour-force participation and family shifts from notions of “quantity” (large families) to those of “quality” (fewer children, with more investment in health and education). It carries important implications ...
    DOI: 10.1787/484068456030
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy : China (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.153
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China is considered to be a particularly successful example of a gradual approach to transition from a command economy to a market economy. This paper reviews the initial conditions, the calendar of reform steps, and the political preconditions for liberalisation. It argues that gradualism was rather the result of a political balancing act between orthodox and reform–minded elements in the Chinese Communist Party than a deliberate approach towards facilitating transition. Economic liberalisation was considered as an instrument for safeguarding the power of the Party, but opinions differed on the degree of liberalisation needed to achieve this goal. Thus, the pace and the direction of the reform process were very much a function of the composition of the leadership of the Party at any given time ...
    DOI: 10.1787/322178001745
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gouvernance participative : Le chaînon manquant dans la lutte contre la pauvreté (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participatory Governance: The Missing Link for Poverty Reduction
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Renforcer le pouvoir des populations défavorisées est un élément déterminant pour lutter efficacement contre la pauvreté. • Une approche participative reposant sur la demande accroît l'efficience et l'efficacité. • L'obligation de rendre des comptes est le pivot de la gouvernance participative. • Pas de véritable gouvernance participative sans un réel développement des capacités.
    DOI: 10.1787/885576515325
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    China's Unfinished Open-Economy Reforms : Liberalisation of Services (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.147
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: During the 1990s, China has experienced a surge in imports of services, particularly those of communication, insurance and other business services, despite the fact that the authorities have maintained a plethora of restrictive measures limiting access to the service sector. Not only does this cast strong doubt over the effectiveness of these measures currently in place but also raises some important political-economy questions regarding the market access issues related to this sector. Following a brief review of the country’s efforts made since 1994 to sustain its openeconomy reforms, the paper takes stock of major policy developments in the service sector and discusses the pros and cons of liberalisation of services. The paper argues that a further liberalisation of services would be imperative for China to develop a more viable and dynamic service sector and stands to gain the full benefits of globalisation. The protective measures imposed for short-term, political ...
    DOI: 10.1787/110680138577
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    After the Great Asian Slump : Towards a Coherent Approach to Global Capital Flows (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Au lendemain de la crise asiatique : Comment gérer les flux de capitaux ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • The unprecedented withdrawal of foreign private capital from Asia, more than 10 per cent of GDP in the crisis countries, confronts them with a transfer problem. Creditor governments should induce their home banks into financial rescue operations to reduce moral hazard in private-sector lending, and to encourage Asia’s recovery. • The resolution of Asia’s domestic debt overhang must be the overriding policy concern for Asia’s governments; paying the inevitable fiscal cost in Asia’s restructuring process requires tax-base broadening, supported by easy monetary policy. • Progress towards a less crisis-prone international financial system will hinge on how to correct the excessive risk taking by banks. Regulatory distortions through the Basle Accord which bias bank lending towards the short term should be corrected. • Developing countries should strengthen bank and non-bank balance sheets and raise the quality of inflows; Chile-type regulatory measures, however, will only be effective in an appropriate policy context.
    DOI: 10.1787/103552636186
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  • 17
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    Agriculture in China and OECD Countries : Past Policies and Future Challenges (OECD Proceedings) (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173293
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.1/851
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift ; China ; Agrarpolitik ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: The pace of growth in China's agricultural sector is remarkable. Over the past 20 years, food production has outpaced population growth, and enhanced the nutritional status of a billion people. But this success has given rise to a number of questions. Most importantly, will China be able to provide food for its population in a sustainable way, while absorbing the 15 million people added to its population each year? What policies should accompany China’s transition to a market-based economy in the agricultural sector which employs the vast majority of China’s working population? What are the implications of economic and agricultural growth for the environment, the rural communities and the social fabric? What are the implications for international agricultural markets and what could be at stake for other food importing countries? Determining how this demand for food will be met requires a complex analytical framework whose parameters are the subject of an intense discussion and debate. The proceedings of this workshop provide a rich repository of material that helps answer many of these questions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173293-en
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  • 18
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    Competition, Innovation and Competitiveness in Developing Countries (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173323
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence, innovation et compétitivité dans les pays en développement
    RVK:
    QG 020
    Keywords: Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
    Abstract: The competitiveness of firms in a global economic environment is an essential element in development strategy, but simply creating an open economy will not suffice to stimulate competitiveness if innovation is lacking. This is the major finding of this cross-country and multi-industry study based on the experience of Brazil, Chinese Taipei, India and Korea.In developing countries and emerging economies, which can be considered technological latecomers, traditional industrial practices can be linked to policy changes which foster innovation, but can equally result in stagnation if the policy/practice mix is wrong. The case studies demonstrate that where industrial habits tend to reduce competitiveness, policies can make a difference, especially where they are directed to managing the timing, sequencing and type of market-opening steps. The book therefore opens a fresh debate on the industrial policies which developing countries need to adopt in order to compete and grow in a globalised economic environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173323-en
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  • 19
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    Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Pour la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    RVK:
    QC 347
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik
    Abstract: The development process can advance more rapidly than ever before in the new global economy. While opening their economies to trade and investment is a necessary condition for developing countries to achieve sustained high growth and reduce poverty, it is by no means a sufficient condition. Initiating a sustainable dynamic growth requires sound, market-oriented economic policies; appropriate social policy frameworks, including strong investment in human capital and adequate social safety-nets; and good governance. But, as shown by the Asian financial crisis, weaknesses in any of these basic foundations make even successful developing economies vulnerable to crisis. OECD countries have a pivotal role to play in facilitating developing countries' efforts to fully exploit the benefits of open trade and investment. The key objective of this report is to identify how OECD countries can promote policy coherence by improving the framework for international investment and capital flows; addressing environmental concerns; facilitating participation of developing countries in the global information society; and enhancing the coherence of development co-operation policies. To be successful, policy coherence implies the broader agenda of consciously taking account of the needs and interests of developing countries in order for them to be effective rather than vulnerable and marginal players in the global economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273504-en
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  • 20
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    Echanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Policy Coherence Matters
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Policy Coherence Matters
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Le développement devrait pouvoir progresser plus rapidement que jamais dans la nouvelle économie mondiale. Si l'ouverture des économies en développement aux échanges et à l'investissement est une condition nécessaire pour instaurer une croissance élevée et durable en participant à l’économie mondiale, ce n’est en aucun cas une condition suffisante. Enclencher une dynamique de croissance durable requiert des politiques économiques saines et obéissant aux principes du marché, des politiques sociales d'accompagnement adaptées, ainsi qu'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Mais comme l'a démontré la crise financière asiatique, des carences dans ces trois domaines peuvent fragiliser des économies en développement même très performantes. Les pays de l'OCDE ont un rôle central à jouer pour faciliter les efforts que mènent les pays en développement pour tirer parti de tous les avantages de l'ouverture aux échanges et à l'investissement. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de déterminer comment les pays de l'OCDE peuvent promouvoir la cohérence des politiques en : améliorant le cadre dans lequel s'inscrivent les flux internationaux d'investissement et de capitaux ; en prenant en compte les préoccupations environnementales ; et en facilitant la participation des pays en développement à la société mondiale de l'information. Pour être couronnée de succès, il est nécessaire que la cohérence des politiques prenne délibérément en compte les besoins et les intérêts des pays en développement, afin d'en faire des acteurs de l'économie mondial efficaces, plutôt que vulnérables et marginaux. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274235-fr
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  • 21
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    Conflits et croissance en Afrique : Afrique australe Volume 3 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264280151
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict and Growth in Africa; Southern Africa Volume 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict and Growth in Africa: Southern Africa Volume 3
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les conflits : tel est le sujet de ce livre. L’originalité de cet ouvrage réside dans son approche économique du problème. Sans faire abstraction des facteurs sociaux, ethniques et historiques qui sont à l'origine des conflits, les auteurs s'intéressent aux problèmes économiques bien réels qui exacerbent les frictions sous-jacentes dans cinq pays d’Afrique australe. Les disparités entre zones urbaines et rurales, par exemple, sont sensibles dans les niveaux de revenu, mais aussi dans des domaines tels que la santé, l'éducation ou l'emploi. Autre réalité : le clientélisme, qui favorise une petite élite de fonctionnaires au détriment du reste de la population. Les auteurs identifient ainsi les facteurs économiques qui jouent un rôle aggravant dans les situations de conflit, en évaluent le coût économique et proposent des réorientations de la politique économique susceptibles d'atténuer les risques de conflit. Cet ouvrage s'intègre dans une série composée de trois volumes ; il porte essentiellement sur le Botswana, le Malawi, le Mozambique, la Zambie et le Zimbabwe. Pour en savoir plus Conflits et croissance en Afrique -- Vol. 1 : Le Sahel Conflits et croissance en Afrique -- Vol. 2 : Kenya, Ouganda et Tanzanie
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264280151-fr
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  • 22
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    Asia and the global crisis : the industrial dimension (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Asia and the global crisis
    RVK:
    QM 331
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Währungskrise ; Industrie
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173620-en
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  • 23
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    Economic Policy Reform and Growth Prospects in Emerging African Economies (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.145
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: We assess the prospects for growth of African economies up to the year 2010 by modelling structural and policy determinants of growth, under different scenarios for changes in the exogenous factors and economic policies which shape the projections. To this end we estimate a growth model for 39 African economies, during seven five-year periods from 1960 through 1995. The model emphasises two engines of growth: i) investment and ii) growth of exports. Using a composite indicator of “emerging economies” iiset up on the basis of the economic performance, quality of policies and political stability of African countries ppwe identify 14 African economies that stand better chances to achieve a lasting improvement in their policies and growth performance in the years ahead. These “emerging economies” can be mostly found in the Southern-Eastern and the Western parts of Africa. Our growth simulations involve two policy scenarios: a baseline scenario which extends policy trends observed ...
    DOI: 10.1787/886414788068
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  • 24
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    La libéralisation de l'agriculture tunisienne et l'Union européenne : Une vue prospective (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.144
    Keywords: Development ; European Union ; Tunisia
    Abstract: In the context of the partnership agreement signed between Tunisia and the European Union in 1995, talks will begin in the year 2000 on the liberalisation of their agricultural trade. Tunisia’s political attachment to Europe will give the country the opportunity to diversify agricultural policy. Hitherto based on achieving self sufficiency in food, this policy has resulted in poor resource allocation. The goal now is to find the least costly means of reforming Tunisian agricultural policy, particularly for rural households, while seeking the extent to which Europe could help in the transition towards a more dynamic agricultural sector. With the assistance of a dynamic general equilibrium model, this technical paper examines a number of scenarios for Tunisian agriculture towards 2010. It finds that in the absence of EU concessions, which could take the form of the removal of tariff quotas, it would not be in Tunisia’s interest to reduce support for agriculture and lower its own ...
    DOI: 10.1787/557216740816
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  • 25
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    Au lendemain de la crise asiatique : Comment gérer les flux de capitaux ? (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. After the Great Asian Slump: Towards a Coherent Approach to Global Capital Flows
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Le repli massif des capitaux étrangers investis en Asie — plus de 10 pour cent du PIB des pays en crise — les place devant un problème de transfert. Pour favoriser la relance en Asie, les pays créanciers devraient impliquer leurs banques domestiques dans les opérations de sauvetage financier, ce qui réduirait les aléas de moralité dans les activités de prêt du secteur privé. • Pour les pays d’Asie, la priorité est de résoudre le problème du surendettement domestique. Financer le coût budgétaire inhérent à la restructuration exige que les gouvernements des pays asiatiques élargissent la base d’imposition tout en adoptant une politique d’abondance monétaire. • Les pays en développement doivent s’assurer du bon équilibre financier des établissements bancaires et non bancaires et être plus exigeants sur la qualité des capitaux étrangers investis. Toutefois, une réglementation « à la chilienne » ne peut être efficace que dans un contexte politique approprié. • Pour évoluer vers un système financier international moins vulnérable aux crises, il importe d’agir sur les risques excessifs pris par les banques. Les Accords de Bâle induisent des distorsions favorisant les prêts bancaires à court terme qui devraient être corrigées.
    DOI: 10.1787/044360821141
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  • 26
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    Concurrence, innovation et compétitivité dans les pays en développement (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273320
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition, Innovation and Competitiveness in Developing Countries
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La compétitivité des entreprises au sein de l'environnement économique mondial est une composante essentielle de la stratégie de développement, mais ouvrir l'économie ne suffit pas à stimuler la compétitivité si l'innovation fait défaut. Tel est l'enseignement essentiel que cette étude intersectorielle dégage de l'expérience du Brésil, de la Corée, de l'Inde et du Taipei chinois. Dans les pays en développement et les pays émergents, venus relativement tard à la technologie, les pratiques industrielles traditionnelles peuvent être associées à des réformes qui stimulent l'innovation, mais elles peuvent tout aussi bien entraîner une stagnation si le dosage des politiques et des pratiques est mauvais. Les études de cas présentées ici montrent que là où les habitudes industrielles tendent à réduire la compétitivité, l'action des pouvoirs publics peut être déterminante, notamment lorsqu'elle s'attache à gérer le rythme, l'ordre et la nature des mesures d'ouverture des marchés. Cette publication ouvre donc un nouveau débat sur les politiques industrielles que les pays en développement et en transition doivent adopter pour affronter la concurrence et croître dans une économie mondialisée.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273320-fr
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  • 27
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    Echanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273306
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development; Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade, Investment and Development: Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Les économies en développement et en transition s'efforcent d'accélérer leur développement en libéralisant leurs échanges et leurs investissements, et en saisissant les opportunités offertes par l'économie mondiale. A la suite des crises financières récentes, la crainte a cependant été exprimée que certains pays se détournent de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement. En fait, la plupart des pays touchés par la crise continuent de libéraliser échanges et leurs investissements, en quoi ils voient une solution, et non une cause de la crise. Cette étude examine les avantages et les enjeux de la libéralisation des échanges et de l'investissement pour le développement, en s'appuyant sur les expériences menées par des économies de différentes régions du monde. L'expérience montre que l'ouverture des marchés et de l'investissement a été bénéfique lorsqu'elle s'est accompagnée d'un ensemble cohérent de mesures macroéconomiques et structurelles conçues pour stimuler la croissance, d'un renforcement des capacités, d'une politique sociale appropriée, et d'une bonne gestion des affaires publiques. Qui plus est, des pays comme la Corée ou le Mexique, qui ont opposé à la crise économique la libéralisation et les réformes structurelles, en ont tiré des résultats positifs. Un nouveau cycle de négociations commerciales multilatérales est donc d'un intérêt vital pour tous les pays -- développés, en développement ou en transition -- pour préparer l'économie mondiale du XXIe siècle. Pour en savoir plus Echanges, investissement et développement : Pour la cohérence des politiques
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273306-fr
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  • 28
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    Conflict and Growth in Africa : The Sahel Volume 1 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173552
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflits et croissance en Afrique ; Le Sahel Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflits et croissance en Afrique : Le Sahel Volume 1
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Development ; Sahel ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: This is a book about conflict. In that, it is certainly not alone, but it approaches the problem in four Sahelian countries from the standpoint of economic analysis. The authors have not ignored social, ethnic and historical factors which led to conflict, but have identified economic realities which exacerbate the frictions created by the other factors. These realities include disparities in rural-urban income levels and in health, education and employment, and a system of clientilism which benefits a small group of civil servants to the detriment of the rest of the population. Having identified aggravating economic factors in conflict, the authors proceed to an appreciation of its economic cost, then propose economic policy changes which would tend towards reducing the potential for conflict. One of a series of three volumes, this book concentrates on Chad, Burkina-Faso, Mali and Niger.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173552-en
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  • 29
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    Fiscal Decentralisation in Emerging Economies : Governance Issues (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La décentralisation budgétaire dans les économies émergentes ; Problèmes de gestion des affaires publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La décentralisation budgétaire dans les économies émergentes : Problèmes de gestion des affaires publiques
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QL 270
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: This collection of experiences of fiscal decentralisation across a wide range of OECD-Member and non-member economies reveals lessons which are equally of relevance to both groups of countries. A major finding is that fiscal decentralisation is often confused in the latter group of countries with the removal of central-government control over subnational finances. This is a mistake; it may lead to fiscal irresponsibility on the part of local authorities, deteriorating fiscal positions at both levels, and high costs due to duplication of fiscal institutions. The book also finds that insufficient attention has been given to local revenue generation, as opposed to intergovernmental transfers.The issue of fiscal decentralisation in emerging economies is particularly important, because it arises, in part, from a desire to enhance democracy and local accountability. However, the devolution of responsibilities must take place in an atmosphere of transparency, where the local expertise exists to manage budgeting. Serious consideration must be given to revenue sourcing and effective expenditure control. Finally, local spending must match available revenues without becoming an additional strain on central government resources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172821-en
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  • 30
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    Environmental indicators for agriculture (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Repr.
    Edition: Bd. 1 (Concepts and framework) - 2 (Issues and design)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental indicators for agriculture
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs environnementaux pour l'agriculture : Vol. 1: Concepts et cadre d'analyse Vol.2: Questions clés et conception -- "Le séminaire de York"
    RVK:
    ZB 60400
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    RVK:
    ZA 76000
    RVK:
    QS 000
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltindikator ; Landwirtschaft ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173750-en
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  • 31
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Ireland 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Irlande 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Irlande 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Ireland's development aid programmes. It finds that in 1999, Ireland marks the 25th anniversary of Irish Aid, its official aid programme. Over the last five years, the volume of Ireland’s official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 20 per cent a year in real terms, the most rapid growth by a Member of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC). Preliminary data indicate that Ireland’s development co-operation reached 0.30 per cent of GNP in 1998, nearly double its 1992 level, and is projected to reach 0.35 per cent in 1999. After six years of impressive growth in volume and improvement in quality, most of the increase in aid in 1999 is being used for debt relief measures, European Union contributions, emergency humanitarian assistance and support for refugees in Ireland, rather than for allocations for the long-term development programmes administered by the Department of Foreign Affairs. Political commitments on aid allocations undertaken by the Minister of Finance mean that increases in the Department of Foreign Affairs’ part of the programme are now expected in 2000 and 2001. Two main issues confront the Irish Aid programme: how best to grow and how best to manage that growth. These are clearly issues which Ireland needs to consider and resolve itself, but the Development Assistance Committee can draw on its collective experience to contribute to Ireland’s reflections on these issues. A starting point, from experience elsewhere, is that Irish Aid should maintain and enhance the focused nature of the programme which is now one of its major strengths.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173330-en
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  • 32
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    Infrastructure Development and Regulatory Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa : The Case of Air Transport (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.154
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This Technical Paper analyses the main policy issues raised by regulatory reform in air transport in sub–Saharan Africa. Its basic premise is that improving air infrastructure is of paramount importance for the region as it tries to integrate more thoroughly into the world economy. On the basis of the experience of OECD countries with privatisation, liberalisation, and regulatory design, the author analyses progress being made in sub– Saharan Africa and identifies three important case studies: the restructuring of the regional airline of Francophone Western Africa, the sell–off of the state–owned airline of Kenya, and the overall reform process in South Africa, by far the largest market in the sub–continent. The analysis highlights the importance of regional dynamics in the upgrading of the air transport industry in developing and emerging areas. Sub–Saharan Africa has made smaller progress in this respect than, for instance, Central America. As the start of the Millenium Round and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/082160130647
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  • 33
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    La réforme des fonds de pension : Leçons d'Amérique Latine (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pension Reform: Lessons from Latin America
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Les réformes des régimes de retraite en Amérique latine ont eu des effets bénéfiques, cependant surestimés. • Tous les pays, Membres ou non Membres de l'OCDE, peuvent tirer profit des approches et des premiers résultats des réformes de « deuxième génération ». • Une capitalisation partielle est réalisable. Elle peut être financée de diverses manières et permettre de mieux diversifier les risques. • Des coûts administratifs élevés et l'uniformité des placements rendent les nouveaux systèmes improductifs. Une réglementation appropriée des régimes de retraite limiterait ces effets négatifs.
    DOI: 10.1787/046835250765
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  • 34
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    Economic Opening and the Demand for Skills in Developing Countries : A Review of Theory and Evidence (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.149
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: A basic feature of development dynamics is the reallocation of labour from low– productivity to higher–productivity activities (generally more capital–intensive and also often more skill–intensive). The expansion of skilled labour supply that accompanies rising per capita incomes is both cause and effect of this shift in skills demand. Over long periods, if skills supply and demand grow apace, skill premia would show little secular change; over shorter periods, however, inevitable lags may show up as growing or shrinking premia. A policy reform like trade liberalisation can accelerate structural change in an economy, causing an exogenous shift in relative factor demands. For some developing countries, the result may be an increase in skills demand associated with the adoption of newly available foreign technology and lower cost imported capital goods. This demand shift may be permanent or only temporary, but in either case the skills supply should eventually increase in response to ...
    DOI: 10.1787/722638700667
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  • 35
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    Structural Policies for International Competitiveness in Manufacturing : The Case of Cameroon (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.146
    Keywords: Development ; Cameroon
    Abstract: This study presents the main developments in the manufacturing industry in Cameroon, based on firm-level data covering the 1980-95 period. The emphasis is on structural factors of competitiveness. A production function and an export function are estimated in order to study the determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) and export performance. The results provide evidence indicating that openness to trade, development of skilled labour and adequate management of the real exchange rate are crucial factors for the enhancement of productivity and exports. Moreover, a mutually reinforcing relationship between productivity and export performance is demonstrated. The performance of the manufacturing sector in Cameroon has deteriorated considerably since the mid-1980s. This decline is to a degree explained by Dutch disease and inward-looking policies in the manufacturing sector, resulting in a highly overvalued real effective exchange rate (REER). Based on the estimated export and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/712324150453
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  • 36
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    Boom and Bust and Sovereign Ratings (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.148
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The 1990s have witnessed pronounced boom-bust cycles in emerging-markets lending, culminating in the Asian financial and currency crisis of 1997-98. By examining the links between sovereign credit ratings and dollar bond yield spreads over 1989-97, this paper aims at broad empirical content for judging whether the three leading rating agencies — Moody’s, Standard ' Poor’s and Fitch IBCA — can intensify or attenuate boom-bust cycles in emerging-market lending. First, an event study exploring the market response for 30 trading days before and after rating announcements finds a significant impact of imminent upgrades and implemented downgrades for a combination of ratings by the three leading agencies, despite strong anticipation of rating events. Second, a Granger causality test, by correcting for joint determinants of ratings and yield spreads, finds that changes in sovereign ratings are mutually interdependent with changes in bond yields. These findings are based on many more ...
    DOI: 10.1787/251521656447
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  • 37
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    Trade, Investment and Development: Reaping the Full Benefits of Open Markets (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173309
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement ; Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges, investissement et développement : Optimiser les bénéfices de l'ouverture des marchés
    RVK:
    QC 300
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; Freihandel ; Globalisierung ; Entwicklung
    Abstract: Developing and transition economies are seeking to accelerate their development by liberalising trade and investment, and taking advantage of the opportunities of the global market place. However, in the wake of recent financial crises, concerns have been expressed that some countries might turn away from open trade and investment. In fact, most crisis-affected countries are continuing to liberalise trade and investment, which they see as part of the solution to the crisis, not the cause. This report reviews evidence of the benefits and challenges of trade and investment for development, drawing on experiences from economies in various parts of the world. Experience shows that open trade and investment have been beneficial for development, when accompanied by a coherent set of growth-oriented macroeconomic and structural policies, capacity-building, social policy and good governance. Further, countries like Korea and Mexico that have responded to economic crisis with liberalisation and structural reform have experienced positive results. All countries -- developed, developing and transition -- have a vital stake in a new Round of multilateral trade negotiations to prepare for the global economy of 21st century.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173309-en
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  • 38
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    La décentralisation budgétaire dans les économies émergentes : Problèmes de gestion des affaires publiques (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272828
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fiscal Decentralisation in Emerging Economies; Governance Issues
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fiscal Decentralisation in Emerging Economies: Governance Issues
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development
    Abstract: Ce bilan des expériences d'un grand nombre de pays Membres et non membres de l'OCDE en matière de décentralisation budgétaire est riche d'enseignements pour les deux groupes de pays. Il en ressort que le groupe des pays non membres de l'OCDE semble souvent confondre décentralisation fiscale et suppression du contrôle par les autorités centrales des finances infranationales. C'est une erreur ; une telle équation peut conduire à des comportements budgétairement irresponsables de la part des autorités locales, à une détérioration des situations budgétaires aux deux niveaux, et à un surcroît de coût en raison de l'existence d'institutions faisant double-emploi. Autre conclusion, on n'a pas accordé suffisamment d'attention aux mesures à prendre pour augmenter les recettes des collectivités locales, par opposition aux transferts émanant d'autres niveaux d'administration.La question de la décentralisation budgétaire dans les économies émergentes revêt une importance particulière parce qu'elle découle en partie d'un désir d'améliorer la démocratie et la responsabilisation à l'échelle locale. Toutefois, la répartition des responsabilités doit s'effectuer dans une atmosphère de transparence, et une bonne rationalisation des choix budgétaires suppose des compétences techniques. Il faut accorder une grande attention à l'approvisionnement des revenus et au contrôle efficace des dépenses. Enfin, les dépenses locales doivent correspondre aux revenus disponibles sans faire pression sur les ressources de l'administration centrale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272828-fr
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  • 39
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    Conflits et croissance en Afrique : Le Sahel Volume 1 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273559
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict and Growth in Africa; The Sahel Volume 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict and Growth in Africa: The Sahel Volume 1
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les conflits : tel est le sujet de ce livre. Rien là de bien original si ce n'est qu'il analyse la situation de quatre pays sahéliens d'un point de vue économique. Sans faire abstraction des facteurs sociaux, ethniques et historiques qui sont à l'origine des conflits, les auteurs s'intéressent aux problèmes économiques bien réels qui exacerbent les frictions sous-jacentes. Les disparités entre zones urbaines et rurales, par exemple, sont sensibles dans les niveaux de revenu, mais aussi dans des domaines tels que la santé, l'éducation ou l'emploi ; autre réalité : le clientélisme, celui-ci favorise une petite élite de fonctionnaires au détriment du reste de la population. Les auteurs identifient ainsi les facteurs économiques qui jouent un rôle aggravant dans les situations de conflit, en évaluent le coût économique, et proposent des réorientations politiques susceptibles d'atténuer les risques de conflit. Cet ouvrage s'intègre dans une série composée de trois volumes ; il porte essentiellement sur le Tchad, le Burkina-Faso, le Mali et le Niger. Pour en savoir plus Conflits et croissance en Afrique -- Vol. 2 : Kenya, Ouganda et Tanzanie Conflits et croissance en Afrique -- Vol. 3 : L'Afrique australe
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273559-fr
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  • 40
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    Conflict and Growth in Africa : Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda Volume 2 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflits et croissance en Afrique ; Kenya, Ouganda et Tanzanie Volume 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflits et croissance en Afrique : Kenya, Ouganda et Tanzanie Volume 2
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Development ; Kenya ; Tanzania, United Republic of ; Uganda ; Kenia ; Wirtschaft ; Tansania ; Wirtschaft ; Uganda ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: This is a book about conflict. In that, it is certainly not alone, but it approaches the problem in three East African countries from the standpoint of economic analysis. The authors have not ignored social, ethnic and historical factors which led to conflict, but have identified economic realities which exacerbate the frictions created by the other factors. These realities include disparities in rural-urban income levels and in health, education and employment, and a system of clientilism which benefits a small group of civil servants to the detriment of the rest of the population. Having identified aggravating economic factors in conflict, the authors proceed to an appreciation of its economic cost, then propose economic policy changes which would tend towards reducing the potential for conflict. One of a series of three volumes, this book concentrates on Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174160-en
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  • 41
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    Education, migration et productivité : Une analyse des zones rurales au Mexique (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272859
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p)
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Education, Migration and Productivity; An Analytic Approach and Evidence from Rural Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Education, Migration and Productivity: An Analytic Approach and Evidence from Rural Mexico
    Keywords: Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: L'investissement dans l'éducation en zone rurale profite-t-il essentiellement aux activités agricoles traditionnelles comme, par exemple, les cultures vivrières ? Cet ouvrage montre qu'il n'en est rien. En effet, les économies rurales sont beaucoup plus complexes que ne le laisse supposer une telle hypothèse : les effets bénéfiques de l'éducation se manifestent dans divers domaines, et non dans un seul, et varient considérablement selon le niveau d'instruction atteint. Les auteurs de ce livre ont enquêté auprès de ménages ruraux mexicains en tenant compte non seulement du niveau d'instruction du chef de famille, mais aussi de celui des autres membres de la famille. Leur objectif premier était de formuler une méthode d'analyse des interactions entre éducation, migration et productivité, de tester cette méthode à l'aide de données réelles et d'en tirer des conclusions utiles pour l'élaboration des politiques de l'éducation et du développement. Leurs travaux nous offrent ainsi un outil analytique d'un grand intérêt pratique pour les décideurs et pour les spécialistes qui souhaiteraient utiliser cette méthode dans d'autres contextes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272859-fr
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  • 42
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    Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economies : proceedings of OECD expert meeting, Moscow, February 1999; [second Expert Meeting on Agricultural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in Transition Economies] (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264173811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economie
    DDC: 330.09
    RVK:
    QK 490
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Osteuropa ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Landwirtschaft ; Finanzierung ; Agrarkredit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173811-en
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  • 43
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Spain 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264174290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Espagne 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Espagne 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: The Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of Spain's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that The Spanish Government is making significant efforts to consolidate the political framework for development co-operation and improve the quality and transparency of its aid. A draft law on development co-operation was submitted to Parliament in the autumn of 1997 and new planning and evaluation systems for aid management are being introduced, including a multi-year indicative plan and country programmes. Despite severe budgetary constraints, an increase in the aid budget is also envisaged. These initiatives were well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) during the review of Spain's aid policies and programmes. The Committee also took note of the major improvement in the balance of the Spanish aid effort with a significant increase in the grant aid programme, accompanied by a decline in the tied Development Aid Fund (FAD) loan component, and expressed the hope that this trend would continue. The DAC encouraged the Spanish authorities to pursue their efforts to ensure greater consistency of the FAD loans with the overall development objectives and policy directions for Spanish aid. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for the measures to enhance the effectiveness of the Spanish aid programme and its capacity to implement and suggested that the Spanish authorities consider a number of further initiatives
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264174290-en
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  • 44
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    Climate Policy Without Tears : CGE-Based Ancillary Benefits Estimates for Chile (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.156
    Keywords: Development ; Chile
    Abstract: What interest do developing countries have in limiting the growth of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions? Answering this question is crucial to moving international climate policy negotiations forward. The primary benefits for individual countries of GHG abatement remain highly uncertain and, in any case, long-term in nature. The costs, on the other hand, are near-term. Using an economy-wide model of Chile, this study examines a hitherto neglected set of benefits from climate policy, viz., the reduction in emissions of local and regional air pollutants and the “ancillary” health benefits, in this case for the people of Santiago, the capital city. These benefits are both near-term and readily captured by the country implementing the policy. Extensive sensitivity analysis is performed in recognition of the uncertainty surrounding certain key parameter and exogenous variable values — notably, Santiago residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced mortality and morbidity risk, and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/255872588381
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  • 45
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    The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy : India (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.155
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: The paper analyses economic and political causes as well as outcomes of the sudden reversal of Indian economic policies in 1991–93, after four decades of autarky and interventionism. It argues that a changing political landscape and the emergence of new interest groups, coupled with a severe balance–of–payments crisis, left little choice to the governing party but to break with the legacy of a patrimonial state. More competition, at political and economic levels, forced the hand of politicians to remove direct quantitative controls on industrial production, imports and access to capital. These reforms remained, however, partial and did not fundamentally change the politico–economic equation. Systemic opposition to reform remained strong enough to capture or neutralise some of the gains of liberalisation. Thus, the reform movement faltered and eventually ceased ...
    DOI: 10.1787/487223334520
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  • 46
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    Aid Activities in Africa : Gazette Creditor Reporting System 1997/1998 = Activités d'aide en Afrique : Gazette Système de notification des pays créanciers 1997/1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072619
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This report provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to African countries for the years 1997 and 1998. This Special Africa Edition of the Gazette records the commitments which have been reported by Member countries of the OECD Development Assistance Committee and by multilateral organisations, and which have been entered into the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database up until now (September 1998).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072619-en-fr
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  • 47
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    The Role of Capital Accumulation, Adjustment and Structural Change for Economic Take-Off : Empirical Evidence from African Growth Episodes (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.150
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: In this study, we analyse extended periods of growth in Africa based on panel estimations from 27 African countries during the 1960-1996 period. Only a dozen of such rapid growth episodes are observable in Africa since 1960, and several of them eventually came to an end. We use all existing information on macroeconomic performance in Africa in a comparative manner, in order to assess the sustainability of current growth episodes. Our main conclusion is that sustainable growth needs to be based on a balanced mix of capital accumulation, macroeconomic adjustment and structural change. In addition to more commonly used determinants of Total Factor Productivity, we construct a measure for the effect of labour reallocation as well as an index of economic diversification and estimate the impact of the latter on long-term growth. We also build an analysis of investment behaviour, which is influenced by Total Factor Productivity gains, while influencing economic growth directly through ...
    DOI: 10.1787/518867170562
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  • 48
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    Aid Activities in South-East Europe : Creditor Reporting System 1990/1998 = Activités d'aide en Europe du Sud-Est : Système de notification des pays créanciers 1990/1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073890
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Aid Activities in South-East Europe provides detailed information on individual commitments of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Official Aid in the Balkan region for the years 1990-1998. This special edition includes the commitments reported by Members of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) as well as statistical tables which provide a more comprehensive picture. Data presented are unique, comparable and consistent with DAC statistics' definitions and methodologies. This publication contributes to the European Commission's and World Bank's joint effort to provide information on aid activities undertaken by OECD/DAC donors in South-East Europe. The information is designed for development agencies and institutions involved in country/sector programming and analysis. For each country, transactions are ordered by commitment year and sector, and for each sector, by donor.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073890-en-fr
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  • 49
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    Pension Reform : Lessons from Latin America (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme des fonds de pension : Leçons d'Amérique Latine
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • There are benefits from Latin American pension reform, but they have been overestimated. • The approaches taken in second-generation reforms and their still early results hold lessons for OECD and non-OECD countries alike. • A partial shift to funding is feasible and can be financed in different ways; partial funding of pensions can lead to greater risk diversification. • High administrative costs and uniformity of investment portfolios make the new systems inefficient; pension regulation has to be designed and implemented to lessen these negative effects.
    DOI: 10.1787/056345037755
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  • 50
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Danemark 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273085
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.33
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Denmark 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: L'aide publique au développement (APD) du Danemark dépasse, en volume, celle des 21 autres Membres du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE. Depuis 1992, l'APD danoise se maintient en effet aux alentours de 1 % du produit national brut (PNB), en volume, et ce grâce à la vigueur du consensus que suscite l'aide au développement et du soutien qu'elle recueille dans l'opinion publique. L'effort d'aide danois se distingue également par sa qualité. Abstraction faite de son volume, l'aide danoise s'appuie sur une stratégie à long terme bien définie, dont les grands axes - en particulier la place centrale qui y est faite à la réduction de la pauvreté - sont conformes à la stratégie de partenariat pour le développement approuvée par le CAD en 1996. Le Danemark a réussi à concentrer son aide bilatérale sur 20 pays, dont 18 sont des pays à faible revenu ou comptent parmi les pays les moins avancés. L'aide est en outre ciblée sur des secteurs qui présentent une importance particulière pour les pauvres et sur des programmes destinés aux régions les plus démunies de ces pays, contribuant ainsi à faire refluer la pauvreté. Le Danemark mène, depuis 1996, une politique de « multilatéralisme actif » afin que soit pris en considération son souci d'amélioration du ciblage et de l'efficacité des programmes multilatéraux. Il n'est toutefois pas évident que cette démarche ait vraiment contribué à produire les résultats escomptés, car elle s'apparente encore davantage à de l'unilatéralisme qu'à une entreprise commune. Le Danemark fournit depuis longtemps un bel exemple des avantages qu'on peut retirer de l'intégration du système d'aide aux autres aspects des relations extérieures. Dans le cas de ce pays, cette intégration a contribué à la fois à la cohérence des relations avec les pays en développement et au professionnalisme du programme d'aide, lesquels sont encore renforcés par une décentralisation effective des responsabilités aux ambassades danoises dans les pays du programme. Grâce à cette approche intégrée, les services responsables de l'aide danoise au développement (Danida) ont pu entreprendre, depuis 1994, d'abandonner l'aide-projet au profit d'une aide-programme sectorielle (APS), en synergie avec la stratégie de partenariat préconisée par le CAD. Cette démarche implique un renforcement des activités de coordination, à la fois entre donneurs et avec les pays partenaires, auquel le Danemark est tout à fait favorable. En 1999, la politique de coopération pour le développement des pays du CAD suivants sera examinée : Australie, Autriche, Danemark, Irlande, Japon et Norvège.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273085-fr
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Irlande 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273337
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.35
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Ireland 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: L’année 1999 marque le 25ème anniversaire du programme d’aide publique de l’Irlande « Irish Aid ». Ces cinq dernières années, le volume de l’aide publique au développement (APD) de l’Irlande a progressé en moyenne de 20 pour cent par an en termes réels, soit plus rapidement que celui de n'importe quel autre Membre du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE. Selon les données préliminaires dont on dispose, l’aide de l’Irlande a atteint 0.30 pour cent du PNB en 1998, ce qui représente près du double de son niveau de 1992, et devrait atteindre 0.35 pour cent en 1999. Après six ans de croissance remarquable en volume et d’amélioration de la qualité de l’aide, l’essentiel de la hausse intervenue en 1999 a été destiné à des mesures d’allégement de la dette, aux contributions à l’Union européenne, à des opérations humanitaires d’urgence et au soutien aux réfugiés en Irlande et non au financement des programmes de développement à long terme administrés par le ministère des Affaires étrangères. Toutefois, la volonté politique qu’a exprimée le ministre des Finances en faveur de l’aide permettra d’assurer une augmentation de l’enveloppe budgétaire consacrée à la partie du programme dont s’occupe le ministère des Affaires étrangères en 2000 et 2001. Le programme d’aide irlandais se heurte à deux difficultés : comment assurer au mieux son expansion et comment gérer au mieux cette expansion ? C’est à l’évidence à l’Irlande qu’il appartient de résoudre ces difficultés, mais le Comité d’aide au développement peut mobiliser son expérience collective pour aider l’Irlande à y réfléchir. Un point de départ, tiré de l’expérience d’autres pays, est que l’Irlande doit conserver et même renforcer le ciblage de son programme, qui est à l’heure actuelle l’un de ses points forts. Les examens en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus pour l’an 2000 porteront sur les Membres suivants du CAD : France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Italie, Suède, Suisse et Portugal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273337-fr
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Finland 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.31
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Finlande 1999
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; Finland ; OECD ; Finnland
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Finlands development aid programmes and policies. It finds that following a steep decline in its development co-operation programme in the early 1990s Finland is engaged in redesigning and building up its aid programme. The Cabinet Decision-in-principle of September 1996 is now the main point of reference for Finnish development co-operation. It includes a firm target of 0.4 per cent by the year 2000 for the ratio of Finland's official development assistance to the gross national product (the ODA/GNP ratio), the integration of development co-operation into a coherent foreign policy framework and the reorganisation of the aid administration within the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. At the DAC review of Finland's aid policies and programmes on 16 October 1998 the Committee commended both the partnership orientation of Finland's policies, as set out in the Decision-in-principle, and the growing volume of Finnish aid, a welcome reversal of the situation at the time of the last DAC Peer Review of Finland in 1995, when aid volume was in a deep decline. This Review addresses several other key issues: Finland's long-term partnerships with primary orientation countries; the flexibility concept, included in the Decision-in-principle; the need for clear sectoral and cross-cutting policy guidance; field management and delegation to the field; and the revised screening process for project and policy proposals that is part of the quality control system of Finnish aid.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172012-en
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Finlande 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272019
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.31
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Finland 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Finland
    Abstract: La Finlande a maintenant entrepris de restructurer et de renforcer son programme d'aide, qui avait subi de fortes compressions au début des années 90. La Décision de principe adoptée par le Cabinet en septembre 1996 est désormais le principal document servant de référence pour la politique de coopération pour le développement. Elle stipule que le rapport entre l'aide publique au développement émanant de la Finlande et le produit national brut (ou rapport APD/PNB) devra être porté à 0.4 pour cent d'ici l'an 2000. Elle prévoit également l'intégration de la coopération pour le développement à un cadre cohérent en matière de politique étrangère ainsi que la réorganisation de l'administration de l'aide au sein du ministère des Affaires étrangères. Lors de l'examen auquel il a procédé de la politique et du programme de la Finlande en matière de coopération pour le développement, le CAD s'est félicité de l'importance accordée à la notion de partenariat dans la politique finlandaise, telle que définie dans la Décision de principe. Il a aussi salué l'accroissement du volume de l'aide finlandaise, retournement bienvenu de la nette tendance à la baisse qui prévalait au moment du précédent examen en 1995. D'autres questions essentielles ont été abordées lors de cet examen : les relations de partenariat à long terme entre la Finlande et les pays bénéficiant en priorité de son aide, la notion de flexibilité incluse dans la Décision de principe, la nécessité d'établir des orientations précises pour guider les interventions sectorielles et transversales, la gestion des activités sur le terrain et la délégation de pouvoirs aux représentations locales, et enfin la nouvelle procédure d'examen préalable des projets et propositions qui a été intégrée au système de contrôle de la qualité de l'aide finlandaise. Au programme des examens par les pairs réalisés par le CAD figurent, pour 1998, le Canada, l'Espagne, la Communauté européenne, la Finlande, l'Allemagne et le Luxembourg, et pour 1999, le Danemark, le Japon, l'Irlande, la Norvège.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272019-fr
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Espagne 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274495
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.27
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Spain 1998
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: Le gouvernement espagnol a entrepris de gros efforts pour consolider le cadre de sa politique de coopération pour le développement et améliorer la qualité et la transparence de son aide. Un projet de loi sur la coopération pour le développement a été soumis au Parlement à l'automne 1997 et de nouveaux systèmes de planification et d'évaluation destinés à faciliter la gestion de l'aide sont en cours de mise en place, dont un plan indicatif pluriannuel et des programmes par pays. Malgré de sérieuses contraintes budgétaires, il est par ailleurs envisagé d'accroître le budget de l'aide. Ces initiatives ont été accueillies favorablement par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE à l'occasion de l'examen de la politique et du programme d'aide de l'Espagne. Le Comité a également pris note du net rééquilibrage de l'effort d'aide espagnol où l'accroissement sensible du programme d'aide sous forme de dons s'est accompagné d'une diminution des crédits d'aide liée du Fonds d'aide au développement (FAD), et il a exprimé le voeu que cette tendance se poursuive. Le CAD a encouragé les autorités espagnoles dans leur effort pour garantir une plus grande cohérence des crédits du FAD avec les objectifs de coopération pour le développement et les orientations générales de l'aide espagnole. Eu égard aux bonnes pratiques en vigueur parmi les donneurs, le Comité s'est déclaré favorable aux mesures visant à rehausser l'efficacité du programme d'aide de l'Espagne et la capacité de ce pays de le mettre en oeuvre, et a invité les autorités espagnoles à réfléchir à un certain nombre d'autres initiatives destinées notamment à : - garantir une application plus rigoureuse des critères de développement pour l'identification et la sélection des projets financés par des crédits du FAD et une meilleure coordination de ces derniers avec le programme de dons, une attention particulière étant accordée à la situation des pays très endettés ; - poursuivre les efforts engagés pour doter l'AECI d'une plus grande autonomie au regard des règles administratives et en matière de recrutement, afin d'en améliorer la souplesse de fonctionnement et le professionnalisme, de sorte qu'elle puisse fonctionner dans le cadre de la loi envisagée ; - réaliser une étude sur la liaison de l'aide afin d'en mieux appréhender les avantages et les inconvénients et d'alimenter le débat sur cette question à l'échelon national ; - continuer d'améliorer les méthodes d'administration des subventions aux ONG. En 1998, les examens de la politique de coopération pour le développement concerneront les pays Membres du CAD suivants : Allemagne, Canada, Communauté européenne, Etats-Unis, Finlande, et Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274495-fr
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: European Community 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264164079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Communauté Européenne 1998
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; OECD
    Abstract: The European Community (EC) is the world's second largest multilateral channel for development assistance (after the World Bank). Its combined programmes are the fifth-largest among the 22 Members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and EC programmes have grown an average 3.3 per cent annually over the past five years, while the combined effort of DAC countries declined by 4.7 per cent annually. The Community's allocation of resources to lower income countries has not kept pace, however, with the overall growth of the ODA budget over recent years. EC programmes operate within a complex organisation and management structure, and Brussels faces serious challenges of implementation in adapting its operations to achieve agreed development objectives. There have been important steps in the evolution of the European Commission structures: a Common Service has been created to implement co-operation activities for the four Directorates General. But there is still a need to strengthen the capacity of delegations in the field to work fully with partners in advancing local ownership and co-ordination. The EC has a strong role to play in improving the coherence of policies affecting developing countries. The report analyses this question in fields such as agriculture, trade, fisheries agreements and Community fishing fleet subsidies. Co-ordination with other donors also seems to be improving, which bodes well for better overall partnerships between donors and partner countries. In 1998, the development co-operation policy of the following DAC Member countries will be reviewed: Canada, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264164079-en
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Communauté Européenne 1998 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264264076
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.30
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; European Community 1998
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La Communauté européenne (CE) est le deuxième donneur multilatéral d'aide au développement (après la Banque mondiale). Elle se classe au cinquième rang des 22 Membres du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE par l'ensemble de ses programmes, qui ont connu une croissance moyenne de 3.3 pour cent par an au cours des cinq dernières années, tandis que l'effort global des Membres du CAD accusait un recul de 4.7 pour cent par an. Les ressources allouées par la Communauté aux pays à faible revenu n'ont cependant pas progressé au même rythme, ces dernières années, que le budget d'APD dans son ensemble. Les programmes de la CE sont régis par une organisation et des structures de gestion complexes, et la Commission est confrontée, en matière de mise en oeuvre, à un réel défi pour adapter son mode de fonctionnement à la poursuite des objectifs convenus dans le domaine du développement. D'importants remaniements ont été opérés dans la structure de la Commission européenne, notamment avec la création d'un Service commun chargé de la mise en oeuvre des activités de coopération pour le développement arrêtées par les quatre directions générales. Il reste cependant nécessaire de renforcer la capacité des délégations sur le terrain à travailler de concert avec les partenaires afin que ceux-ci fassent leurs les politiques mises en place et que la coordination soit optimale. La CE a un rôle décisif à jouer dans l'élaboration de politiques de développement plus cohérentes. C'est ce que souligne ce rapport à travers l'analyse de domaines comme l'agriculture, les accords de pêche et les subventions à la flotte de pêche de la Communauté. La coordination avec les autres donneurs semble quant à elle sur la bonne voie, ce qui est de bon augure pour l'avenir du partenariat entre donneurs et pays bénéficiaires. Les examens du CAD en matière de coopération pour le développement prévus en 1998 concernent, outre la Communauté européenne, les Membres du CAD suivants : l'Allemagne, le Canada, l'Espagne, les Etats-Unis, la Finlande et le Luxembourg.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264264076-fr
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Luxembourg 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172050
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.32
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Luxembourg 1999
    RVK:
    QM 353
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Development ; Luxembourg ; OECD ; Luxemburg
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1999 review of Luxembourg's development aid programmes and policies. It finds that Luxembourg's aid programme has made considerable headway since the first review by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in 1993. The government has implemented most of the DAC's recommendations following that review. Measures taken by the government include: a new law defining the aims of co-operation; selection of target countries; an increase in the number of staff assigned to the aid programme; an agreement governing relations between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Co-operation (MFA) and Lux-Development, the executive agency. Over the last five years the volume of Luxembourg's official development assistance (ODA) has risen by an average of 15 per cent a year in real terms. Luxembourg's development aid reached 0.55 per cent of its gross national product (GNP) in 1997. This advance has been made possible by the unanimous support of political parties and public opinion. The non-governmental organisations occupy a special place in the aid programme since a quarter of bilateral aid is channelled through them. Luxembourg delivers its aid entirely in grant form, and largely untied. The sharp rise in the volume of aid makes it important to control and improve the quality of projects and programmes by means of more stringent selection procedures, closer monitoring of projects and systematic [ex-ante] and [ex-post] evaluations. To that end it is crucial to reduce the number of recipient countries, to strengthen further human resources for the aid programme and to extend training for co-operation staff.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264172050-en
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  • 58
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    La libéralisation financière en Asie : Analyses et perspectives (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272569
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financial Liberalisation in Asia; Analysis and Prospects
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financial Liberalisation in Asia: Analysis and Prospects
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La mondialisation rapide a été particulièrement bénéfique aux pays d'Asie en développement, mais elle a également accru les risques liés aux erreurs de politique économique, à la faiblesse des institutions financières et à une mauvaise gestion des affaires publiques et privées. La crise asiatique de 1997 a montré à quel point il est urgent de revoir le rythme et l'ampleur de la libéralisation financière. La poursuite de l'ouverture des systèmes financiers asiatiques serait-elle propice ou au contraire préjudiciable à la stabilité financière ? Quelles réformes structurelles les économies émergentes devraient-elles mettre en oeuvre pour garantir la transformation des flux de capitaux en investissements productifs ? De quelles exigences, notamment réglementaires, doit s'accompagner une libéralisation financière plus poussée ? Et quelle part les organisations internationales et le secteur privé devraient-ils prendre à la résolution de la crise ? Cet ouvrage tente de répondre à ces questions en examinant les causes profondes de la crise financière asiatique et en proposant quelques approches constructives pour la résoudre. Cette publication fait suite au quatrième Forum sur les perspectives asiatiques organisé conjointement par la Banque asiatique de développement et le Centre de Développement de l'OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272569-fr
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Japan 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264173576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.34
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Japon 1999
    RVK:
    QC 347
    RVK:
    QG 870
    RVK:
    QM 353
    Keywords: Development ; Japan ; Japan ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungshilfe
    Abstract: Japan is the leader in volume among DAC donors, but it ranks 19th out of 21 bilateral Members in terms of ODA as a percentage of GNP. Compared to other Members, its aid programme has a higher proportion of loans, with preference towards Asia and lower middle-income countries, and a heavy emphasis on assistance for economic infrastructure as opposed to the social sectors. Japan is making major efforts to improve its aid programme through an administrative reform, piloting the new international development strategy, a country-focused approach, and a push towards increased quality, transparency, and efficiency. The DAC encourages these developments and recommends that Japan should: - strengthen staffing and decentralisation; - enhance NGO involvement; - mainstream cross-cutting issues such as poverty, gender, and governance; - design and evaluate projects with a view towards cost-efficiency, sustainability, technological appropriateness, and socio-economic impact; - and ensure policy dialogue with recipient countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264173576-en
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Japon 1999 (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273573
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.34
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Japan 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Japan
    Abstract: Le Japon est le donneur le plus généreux du CAD, en volume, mais ne se classe qu’à la 19ème place parmi les 21 Membres du comité par son rapport APD/PNB. Comparativement à celui des autres Membres, son programme d’aide fait une large place aux prêts, privilégie l’Asie et les pays à revenu intermédiaire et accorde une grande importance aux infrastructures économiques par rapport aux secteurs sociaux. Le Japon s’applique résolument à améliorer son programme d’aide ; à cet effet, il a engagé une réforme administrative, entrepris d’expérimenter la nouvelle stratégie internationale en matière de développement, adopté une approche ciblée par pays et pris des mesures visant à rehausser la qualité, la transparence et l’efficience de son aide. Le CAD se félicite de cette évolution tout en recommandant au Japon de s’employer également à : - renforcer les effectifs affectés au programme d’aide et décentraliser l’administration de ce dernier ; - associer davantage les ONG à l’action engagée ; - se préoccuper plus systématiquement des problèmes transversaux tels que la lutte contre la pauvreté, l’égalité homme-femme et la bonne gestion des affaires publiques ; - tenir compte dans la conception et l’évaluation des projets des questions d’efficacité par rapport au coût, de viabilité et d’adéquation technologique ainsi que des retombées socio-économiques ; - resserrer le dialogue avec les pays bénéficiaires. Des examens en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour l’an 2000 pour les Membres suivants du CAD : France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Italie, Suède, Suisse et Portugal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273573-fr
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    Institutional Investors in the New Financial Landscape (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (492 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: Institutional investors (insurance companies, investment companies and pension funds) have been gaining in importance in both OECD and non-OECD countries. The institutionalisation of savings is having a profound impact on the structure and functioning of capital markets. Institutional investors are the main forces shaping the new financial landscape. This publication gives a comprehensive overview of the major driving forces behind recent trends, future prospects, financial market implications as well as regulatory and supervisory challenges related to the rise in institutional assets.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163065-en
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  • 62
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    Long-Run Growth Trends and Convergence Across Indian States (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.131
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: This paper examines the growth performance of Indian States during 1970-94. We, first, propose a grouping of States according to differences in the availability of physical, social, and economic infrastructure, using principal components analysis. Then, combining principal components analysis and panel data estimation techniques, we assess the contribution of various infrastructure indicators to growth performance. The analysis tackles endogeneity issues in the provision of infrastructure by way of instrumental variables estimation for many of the infrastructure indicators. We do find evidence of conditional convergence across States. This does not rule out persistent income inequalities due to the dispersion of steady-state income levels. Such disparities are accounted for by differences, first, in the structure of production, second, in infrastructure endowments, and, third, in Statespecific fixed effects in the growth regression. Consequently, economic policy measures aiming at ...
    DOI: 10.1787/138016038733
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    Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Portugal 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262195
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Portugal 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews: Portugal 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Portugal
    Abstract: Le programme portugais de coopération pour le développement se caractérise par la place privilégiée qu'il accorde, dans ses activités bilatérales, aux pays lusophones d'Afrique. Cela reflète l'étroitesse de liens historiques, linguistiques et culturels, unissant le Portugal à ces pays, qui comptent actuellement parmi les pays les moins avancés. Depuis peu, le Portugal privilégie deux nouveaux axes de coopération pour le développement. Le développement du secteur privé, d'une part, s'appuie sur les réformes économiques opérées avec le soutien des institutions internationales et sur les instruments susceptibles de favoriser la participation du secteur privé portugais. Le renforcement des systèmes de gestion publique des pays lusophones d'Afrique, d'autre part, tout en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur les systèmes juridiques et judiciaires, s'étend également aux institutions parlementaires, aux systèmes électoraux, aux administrations locales et à la fourniture de conseils sur des questions d'ordre constitutionnel. Cet examen du programme portugais par le Comité d'aide au développement de l'OCDE (CAD) souligne que le Portugal pourrait jouer un rôle plus important encore, notamment en Angola et au Mozambique, où la fin des conflits appelle de toute urgence une action dans le domaine du développement. Il prend note de la création récente d'une Communauté des pays de langue portugaise (la CPLP), intégrant le Brésil, destinée à renforcer le dialogue et les efforts mutuels de développement. Au cours de l'année 1997, des examens de politique en matière de coopération pour le développement sont prévus pour la France, la Belgique, les Pays-Bas et le Royaume-Uni.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262195-fr
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  • 64
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    A Simulation Model of Global Pension Investment (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.137
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: How and to what extent can a high degree of global financial integration help the fast-ageing OECD benefit from the delayed ageing process in the non-OECD area? The question is being raised with increasing urgency as it is slowly understood that even fully funded pension schemes will not escape demographic pressures in the absence of considerable capital flows between the ageing OECD and the younger part of the world. A simulation with a two-region neo-classical economic-demographic model reaches two basic conclusions of importance to policy makers. First, capital flows from fast-ageing, mostly OECD countries to slowly ageing, mostly developing countries can only slightly attenuate, but not reverse, the consequences of an ageing population on falling returns to capital. Second, significant distributional effects are likely to arise from the interaction of population ageing and financial integration. Global financial integration benefits elderly lifetime savers, but hurts elderly ...
    DOI: 10.1787/064457031713
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  • 65
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    DAC Guidelines for Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in Development Co-operation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: Best Practices in Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) have long recognised that sustainable development must reflect the needs of women and men. These Guidelines from 1998 aim to advance gender issues in their development co-operation programmes, furthering the contribution of the DAC Expert Group on Women in Development to bringing gender issues to the fore.
    DOI: 10.1787/791d5d28-en
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    Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie chinoise ; Une perspective historique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie chinoise : Une perspective historique
    Keywords: Development ; Economics
    Abstract: This book is unique in its depth of perspective. It uses a comparative approach to explain why China’s role in the world economy has changed so dramatically in the last thousand years. It concludes that China is likely to resume its natural role as the world’s largest economy by the year 2015, thus regaining the position it had held until the end of the nineteenth century. The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries, but which have not hitherto been available for China. Written by the author of many studies on comparative economic history, including two best sellers for the OECD Development Centre, this book is essential reading for all those who seek to understand the role of China in the world economy, in the past, as well as in the present and the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163553-en
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  • 67
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    Determinants of Customs Fraud and Corruption : Evidence from Two African Countries (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.138
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Corruption in customs administrations is a major problem in many African countries. Data from the period 1990-96 are used to examine several hypotheses concerning the determinants of customs fraud in Senegal and Mali. Statistical tests using product-by-product data support the widely held view that high levels of taxation lead to fraud. The findings also show that hiring a pre-shipment inspection company can be an effective tool in fighting corruption, but only if it is accompanied by internal reforms like computerisation of customs procedures. Finally, changes in determinants of corruption, such as levels of taxation, have themselves depended upon broader political changes in each of the two countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/881285326435
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  • 68
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    L' avenir de l'Asie dans l'économie mondiale (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262683
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of Asia in the World Economy
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: En s'appuyant sur des scénarios réalisés par la Banque asiatique de développement (BAD) et le Centre de Développement de l'OCDE, cet ouvrage analyse les moyens de consolider la croissance économique à long terme de l'Asie, au profit de l'économie mondiale dans son ensemble. Au-delà des difficultés économiques actuelles, des perspectives de croissance forte attendent les pays asiatiques pour peu qu'ils s'emploient efficacement à renforcer leurs institutions nationales, à soutenir l'investissement dans le capital humain et à préserver leur capital environnemental. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de la troisième conférence du Forum international sur les perspectives asiatiques, organisé chaque année par la BAD et le Centre de Développement de l'OCDE. Ce Forum a pour vocation d'encourager les échanges d'idées entre spécialistes asiatiques et européens sur des questions économiques importantes pour ces deux régions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262683-fr
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  • 69
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    La société civile et le développement international (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263390
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Civil Society and International Development
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L'intérêt pour le concept de société civile connaît un renouveau remarquable. Dans le domaine de la théorie politique, ce concept est actuellement considéré comme un instrument pouvant permettre de sortir de certaines impasses théoriques et politiques. Mais que signifie ce concept ? La société civile peut-elle réellement faire office de contrepoids face à des pouvoirs publics qui ont perdu le contact avec la population ? Sans doute convient-il d'adapter le concept occidental de société civile lorsque celui-ci s'applique aux économies en développement où des facteurs et des valeurs culturels différents entrent en jeu.Cet ouvrage relève un défi : il définit le rôle de la société civile dans le promotion des objectifs de développement au sein même des sociétés en développement. Il compare les activités et les attitudes des différents éléments de la société civile dans le processus de développement et montre comment ceux-ci peuvent gagner en efficacité. Il montre également que les pouvoirs publics ne devraient pas essayer de remplacer leurs propres activités de développement par celles de la société civile.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263390-fr
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  • 70
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    La Chine et les économies européennes en transition: les voies de la réforme (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263017
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Different Paths to a Market Economy; China and European Economies in Transition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Different Paths to a Market Economy: China and European Economies in Transition
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: L'analyse comparative de la transition dans les pays d'Europe centrale et en République populaire de Chine met en évidence des similitudes et des différences souvent assimilées, à tort, à des approches différentes du même problème. En fait, l'environnement propre à ces deux grandes régions (puisque la Chine, par sa taille, constitue à elle seule une région), tout comme leur situation interne, renvoient à des réalités d'une extrême complexité qui rendent le processus de transition également complexe. Cet ouvrage se compose de chapitres initialement conçus comme des documents distincts et préparés pour la Conférence conjointe du Centre de développement de l'OCDE, du CEPR et du CEPII à Budapest. Ils analysent et comparent le processus de transition dans les différents régimes de droit en question. Les auteurs examinent en particulier trois grands domaines d'intérêt commun : les finances publiques, le régime des échanges avec l'extérieur et l'intermédiation financière et un chapitre critique synthétise leurs conclusions à la fin de chaque partie. Leur analyse fait apparaître des différences, certes, mais aussi des similitudes, à partir desquelles il est possible de dégager des conclusions générales en matière de politique économique applicables à toutes les sociétés en transition.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Different paths to a market economy: China and european economies in transition
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263017-fr
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  • 71
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    Democracy, Decentralisation and Deficits in Latin America (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Démocratie, décentralisation et déficits budgétaires en Amérique latine
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Democracy, decentralisation and deficits in Latin America
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QL 270
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Finanzausgleich ; Demokratie ; Lateinamerika ; Development ; Konferenzschrift 1997 ; Lateinamerika ; Finanzpolitik ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: What is the impact of political decentralisation in Latin America? This book considers the problems raised by political decentralisation in the region and identifies the challenges ahead. Political decentralisation tends to devolve a certain amount of financial responsibility to the sub-national levels of government, hence potentially destabilising centrally established fiscal and budgetary targets. The question is, thus, a particularly timely one which seeks to reconcile enhanced democratisation with the fiscal rigour demanded by the international marketplace. This book brings together papers presented at the eighth annual meeting of the "International Forum on Latin American Perspectives", sponsored jointly by the OECD Development Centre and the Inter-American Development Bank. The analyses of economic experts are confronted with the real-life experiences of practitioners from a number of Latin American countries, providing the reader with a stimulating exposé of the risks and benefits to economic development of the new decentralising trend. Of particular interest are the so-called "ten commandments" suggested by Ricardo Hausmann as a set of rules which should govern fiscal management in decentralised democracies. Discussion of these and other propositions makes for a lively, yet soundly based contribution to this very important debate.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Démocratie, décentralisation et déficits budgétaires en Amérique latine
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162501-en
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  • 72
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Netherlands 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.24
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Pays-Bas 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Pays-Bas 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1997 review of the Netherlands development aid policies and programmes. It finds that The Netherlands is traditionally a strong performer in the community of aid donors. It has been among the leading donors in volume of official development assistance (ODA), the care with which it has been used, and in continuous efforts for increased effectiveness. In its triennial review of the Netherlands' aid policies and programmes, the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) was particularly interested in the Netherlands' ambitious, even daring, reorganisation of its development co-operation which was undertaken in 1996. This far-reaching reorganisation affects the budget process and staffing of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and embassies in recipient countries. The DAC also welcomed the planned focus of Dutch aid on poverty eradication through economic and social sector development and noted the four Dutch volume input targets. The trend in the Dutch ODA effort, which declined between 1986 and 1994 as a share of Dutch GNP ration has turned around between 1994 and 1996. In 1996, The Netherlands was the fourth-ranking DAC Member in terms of ODA/GNP ratio and the fifth-ranking in absolute terms. The Committee commended the Netherlands on its ODA performance and hoped that the Dutch Information and Awareness Programme would continue to help inform the Dutch public, which has registered firm support for Dutch aid.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162556-en
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  • 73
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    Institutional investors in the new financial landscape (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163069
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Institutional investors in the new financial landscape
    RVK:
    QK 620
    RVK:
    QK 800
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Institutioneller Anleger ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163065-en
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  • 74
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    Intellectual Property Rights and Technology Transfer in Developing Country Agriculture : Rhetoric and Reality (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.133
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The signature of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), which entered into force on 1st January, 1995, marked a turning point in efforts to strengthen and extend intellectual property protection. Under the terms of the Agreement, many developing countries are now committed to extending the scope of intellectual property rights to areas not formerly covered, such as micro-organisms, plant genetic material and techniques used for genetic manipulation. While the likely impact of strengthening intellectual property protection is a subject of intense debate and, indeed, has been at the forefront of preoccupations related to environmental degradation and the need to protect biodiversity, it is poorly researched. This paper reviews the different forms and scope of intellectual property rights relevant to technology transfer in agriculture; reviews the commitments made by developing countries under the TRIPS agreement and the alternatives ...
    DOI: 10.1787/178646264130
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  • 75
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    Sustainable and Excessive Current Account Deficits (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.132
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Large current account deficits are often assumed to play an important role in the propagation of financial crises in emerging markets in receipt of heavy private capital inflows. This paper reaches some major conclusions. First, the Lawson Doctrine — according to which current account deficits that result from a shift in private-sector behaviour should not be a public policy concern — has been discredited by recent currency crises in Latin America and Asia. Second, it is possible to define the size of current account deficits that should be sustainable in the long run. Third, the intertemporal approach to the current account does not provide a reliable benchmark to define when deficits become “excessive”. Fourth, large external deficits should be resisted if unsustainable currency appreciation, excessive risk-taking in the banking system and a sharp drop in private savings are seen to coincide ...
    DOI: 10.1787/808008067635
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  • 76
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    How Bad Governance Impedes Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.143
    Keywords: Development ; Bangladesh
    Abstract: In 1995/96, 47.5 per cent of the population of Bangladesh were still living below the poverty line. While this represents a decline compared to 62.6 per cent in 1983/84, the absolute number of poor people has in fact increased over the same period. This paper argues that the persistence of poverty in Bangladesh originates less in the lack of resources for its alleviation than in the failures of governance. These failures consist of a lack of a developmental vision, absence of a commitment that goes beyond rhetoric and that could translate the vision into policies and programmes, and weak capacities at the administrative, technical and political levels to implement such programmes. As a corollary of these failures, successive governments have surrendered ownership over national policy agendas in the field of poverty alleviation to international donors and NGOs. Furthermore, different areas of policy–making have been appropriated by special interest groups pursuing sectional concerns ...
    DOI: 10.1787/466441620275
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  • 77
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    State Infrastructure and Productive Performance in Indian Manufacturing (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.139
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: We present estimates, at the State level, of Indian manufacturing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Technical Efficiency (TE) from the estimation of production functions for 17 manufacturing industries from 1976 to 1992. Our analysis relates TFP and TE to the availability of infrastructure. We construct an aggregate infrastructure indicator from 12 indicators of core, social, and economic infrastructure. According to our findings, differences across States in manufacturing TFP and TE performance are accounted for, to a significant extent, by differences in infrastructure endowments. Our estimations make it possible, moreover, to measure the productive impact of the various types of infrastructure, as well as to identify the manufacturing industries where productivity gains are relatively more constrained by inadequate infrastructure. The findings could help in designing an effective policy of infrastructure investment, supporting both recent economic reforms towards industrial restructuring and efforts aiming to promote regional convergence in India ...
    DOI: 10.1787/765460688775
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  • 78
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    The Future of Asia in the World Economy (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'avenir de l'Asie dans l'économie mondiale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The future of Asia in the world economy
    RVK:
    QG 800
    Keywords: 23.06.1997 ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Asien ; Development ; Konferenzschrift 1997 ; Asien ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Weltwirtschaft
    Abstract: Based on scenarios produced by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the OECD Development Centre, the authors consider ways in which long-term Asian growth can be consolidated to the benefit of the global economy as a whole. Looking beyond current economic difficulties, Asian countries have strong growth prospects, assuming they pay due attention to domestic institutional strengthening, investment in human capital and the conservation of environmental capital. This volume was produced as a product of the third "International Forum on Asian Perspectives", organised annually by the ADB and the OECD Development Centre. The purpose of the Forum is to encourage interchange of ideas between Asian and European specialists on questions of economic importance to the two regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162686-en
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  • 79
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    Macrothesaurus for Information Processing in the Field of Economic and Social Development : Fifth Edition (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162990
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436 p)
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Macrothesaurus for information processing in the field of economic and social development
    DDC: 025.4/93389
    RVK:
    QB 010
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This new edition of the Macrothesaurus for Information Processing in the field of Economic and Social Development represents a continuation of the combined efforts of many organisations over a period of almost 30 years to create a common vocabulary to facilitate the indexing, retrieval and exchange of development-related information. The Macrothesaurus comprises descriptors (keywords) designed for indexing books and documents covering the field of economic and social development. It can also be used as a search aid for documentation centres, libraries, databases and on-line networks. Efforts have been made to improve the user-friendliness and flexibility of the Macrothesaurus by increasing the number of non-descriptors (i.e. cross-references) and scope notes in this edition. The preparation of this fifth edition was guided by an Advisory Committee composed of representatives from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the OECD Development Centre, Paris.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162990-en
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  • 80
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    Different Paths to a Market Economy: China and European Economies in Transition (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Chine et les économies européennes en transition; les voies de la réforme
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Different paths to a market economy
    DDC: 338.947
    RVK:
    QG 860
    Keywords: Systemtransformation ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Kapitalstruktur ; Vergleich ; China ; Osteuropa ; Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift 1995 ; China ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Osteuropa
    Abstract: The similarities and differences between the transition experiences of the Central European countries and the People's Republic of China are often, wrongly, taken as alternative approaches to the same problem. In reality, there is great complexity, not only in the environments of these two great regions -- for China is as big as a region by itself -- but also within them and, therefore, great complexity in the transition process itself.The chapters in this volume, originally produced as papers for a joint OECD Development Centre/CEPR/CEPII Conference in Budapest, examine and contrast the experience of the different jurisdictions within which transition is underway. The authors concentrate on three, broad areas of commonality: public finance; foreign trade regime; and financial intermediation and a critical chapter synthesizes their findings at the end of each part. Differences do, of course, emerge, but so do similarities, leading to general policy conclusions applicable to all transition societies.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La Chine et les économies européennes en transition
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163010-en
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    The Second-Generation Pension Reforms in Latin America (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163614
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Queisser, Monika, 1963 - The second-generation pension reforms in Latin America
    DDC: 368.430098
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Keywords: Rentenreform ; Lateinamerika ; Peru ; Kolumbien ; Argentinien ; Uruguay ; Mexiko ; Bolivien ; El Salvador ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Lateinamerika ; Rentenreform
    Abstract: More than a decade after Chile moved from a public pay-as-you-go to a private funded pension system, seven more countries in Latin America have reformed their pension systems. This study provides a detailed description of all second-generation pension reforms in Latin America to date, evaluates the first years of operations of the new systems and outlines the problems and challenges which the systems are still facing. The basic common feature of the "second generation" pension reforms in Latin America is a greater role for funded, privately managed pensions. A move towards more funding is currently also discussed in many OECD countries as one possibility to confront the effects of ageing populations on pay-as-you-go pension systems. Thus, the Latin American reform experience is interesting not only for other developing countries about to embark on pension reform but also for policymakers and pension experts in OECD countries and transition economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163614-en
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  • 82
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    Environnement économique et politique de transition vers l'économie de marché : l'Égypte (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263604
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy; Egypt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy: Egypt
    Keywords: Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: Dans la région méditerranéenne, l'Égypte reste à la traîne en matière de réformes économiques. Ce livre en donne les raisons. Selon les auteurs, le système politique égyptien est, par nature, hostile à la réforme car il repose dans une large mesure sur le clientélisme et la domination de puissants groupes d'intérêt. De plus, la position stratégique de l'Égypte dans la politique moyen-orientale a favorisé les flux d'aide, créant un bien-être économique illusoire qui a rendu le besoin de changement moins perceptible. L'Égypte a ainsi pu échapper aux pressions du marché. Or, comme le montre cette étude, ces pressions sont le seul véritable stimulant d'une réforme fondamentale.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: The economics and politics of transition to an open market economy
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263604-fr
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  • 83
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    Public Attitudes and International Development Co-operation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163850
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-op. and Dev./Dev. Centre 〈Paris Public attitudes and international development co-operation
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    QC 347
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsorganisation ; Politische Kommunikation ; Nichtregierungsorganisation ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Öffentliche Meinung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: This collection of studies of public attitudes to development co-operation in OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Member countries demonstrates that the concept of "aid fatigue" is misplaced. A serious lack of adequate knowledge about development co-operation, however, is also revealed. The opinions of policy makers are, therefore, overwhelmingly important and development education efforts should be specifically addressed to them. The book also demonstrates that the role of NGOs is important in general development education. Not only do these organisations mobilise their members in the development field, but their activities create a fund of information within their societies. Remarkable progress by both governments and NGOs has been made during the 1990s in improving co-operation domestically and in operational development activities in the field. Most DAC Member countries have significantly increased the involvement of NGOs in their development efforts, and most NGOs have become increasingly effective in their work. The editors conclude that NGOs and governments both need to work towards more and better public and political-level understanding of development efforts. This will require a wide range of complementary activities, some of which are best undertaken by NGOs, and others by government agencies.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'opinion publique et la coopération au développement
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163850-en
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  • 84
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    Environmental financing in the Russian Federation (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental financing in the Russian Federation
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Russland ; Umweltökonomie ; Umweltpolitik ; Russland ; Umweltschutz ; Finanzierung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163119-en
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    Immigrants, integration and cities : exploring the links (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 926416295X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Immigrants, integration and cities
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Soziale Integration ; Stadt
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162952-en
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  • 86
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    Rural Industrial Development in Viet Nam and China : A Study in Contrasts (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.140
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Apart from size of population and GDP, China and Viet Nam have a good deal in common. Both are economies in transition from socialist central planning to the market. Both were largely agrarian societies on the eve of their reforms and, in both, unleashing the productive forces of agriculture was an important early reform result. Indeed, a rapid improvement in rural living standards is among the outstanding achievements of both countries. In the case of industrial development, the differences in their post-reform experience are more striking than the similarities. In both countries, industry has grown rapidly since reforms, much more rapidly on average than agriculture. Yet, the motor force of industrial growth has been different in the two countries. In China, rural township and village enterprises (TVEs) — first collectively and more recently privately owned — have led industrial growth, with state enterprises lagging far behind. In Viet Nam, growth has been comparable in state ...
    DOI: 10.1787/262608643561
    URL: Volltext
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  • 87
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    Exchange-Rate Management and Manufactured Exports in Sub-Saharan Africa (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.134
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the evolution of exchange-rate regimes in Africa and then attempts to assess empirically the impact of exchange-rate policy on manufactured export performance on a panel of major Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the 1970-92 period. We examine the impact of three exchange-rate policy indicators: real effective exchangerate changes, real exchange-rate volatility, and (model-based measures of) real exchange-rate misalignment. Export supply functions are estimated for three manufacturing industries (textile, chemicals, and metals) and two exchange-rate regimes: a fixed rates regime including six CFA Franc countries, and a more flexible regime represented by five non-CFA countries. Our findings show that exchange-rate management matters for export performance. This is evidenced both by the significant impact of changes in the real effective exchange rate and by the negative influence exerted independently by real exchange-rate misalignment. On the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/211147404816
    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
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    Démocratie, décentralisation et déficits budgétaires en Amérique latine (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262508
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Democracy, Decentralisation and Deficits in Latin America
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Quels sont les effets de la décentralisation en Amérique latine ? Cet ouvrage examine les problèmes soulevés par la décentralisation politique dans la région et identifie les défis à relever. La décentralisation délègue en effet un certain degré de responsabilité financière aux gouvernements locaux et pourrait ainsi compromettre les objectifs fixés au niveau central en matière budgétaire et fiscale. Cette question se pose avec une acuité particulière à l'heure où il est nécessaire de conjuguer les progrès de la démocratisation avec la rigueur budgétaire requise par le marché international.Cet ouvrage rassemble les contributions présentées lors du huitième Forum annuel sur les perspectives latino-américaines, organisé conjointement par le Centre de Développement de l'OCDE et la Banque interaméricaine de développement. Les analyses des économistes sont confrontées à l'expérience pratique de décideurs de plusieurs pays d'Amérique latine, ce qui offre au lecteur un exposé stimulant des avantages et des risques de cette tendance à la décentralisation pour le développement économique. Ricardo Hausmann propose "dix commandements" particulièrement intéressants qui pourraient servir de règles à la gestion budgétaire dans les démocraties décentralisées. Ces propositions, et d'autres encore, alimentent de manière aussi vivante que pertinente le débat sur cet enjeu de premier plan.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Democracy, decentralisation and deficits in Latin America
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262508-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: Belgium 1997 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264162464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; Belgique 1997
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : Belgique 1997
    Keywords: Development ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Belgian aid system has experienced serious problems in recent years and is now going through a crucial transition period. An action plan has been prepared by the Secretary of State for Co-operation and basic reforms are under way. This plan, entitled "Showing our colours -- Plan for the future of Belgian co-operation and development", was well received by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC). During its triennial peer review of Belgium's development co-operation policy and aid programme, the Committee also took note of the determination of the Secretary of State to design a co-operation programme that goes beyond economic and social considerations to take full account of the basic values of the society. In relation to general good practice among donors, the Committee indicated its support for a number of measures that might enhance the effectiveness of Belgium's development co-operation programme, including increasing efficiency by decentralising more executive functions and monitoring effectiveness through an active assessment, evaluation and feedback policy; raising staff skills through better training in key development subjects and by delegating authority both internally and to local offices; devising country strategies based on a new partnership approach; and focusing technical co-operation efforts on strengthening local capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264162464-en
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  • 90
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    Development Co-operation Reviews: United States 1998 (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Co-operation Reviews no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement ; États-Unis 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement : États-Unis 1998
    Keywords: Development ; United States
    Abstract: The OECD Development Assistance Committee's 1998 review of the US development aid policies and programmes. It finds that after a period of declining support, the United States has in recent years worked to strengthen both political and public confidence in its foreign assistance programmes. USAID's new Strategic Plan, issued in September 1997, aims at clear results through its support of developing and transitional countries' efforts to achieve sustained economic and social progress and to share more fully in resolving global problems. An ambitious effort has been made to link the reform of aid management to clearer goals and stronger partnerships. Nevertheless, the volume of resources devoted by the United States to official development assistance has continued its downward trend. Measured as a percentage of GNP, the United States now provides the lowest amount, by far, of any Member of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). At its triennial review of the United States' aid policies and programmes on 6 April 1998, the DAC welcomed the measures that have been taken and looked forward to the full impact of the reforms and initiatives that have been launched. After serious international concern over recent years about diminishing funding and staffing in the United States programme, there are welcome first indications of strengthening budgets for aid to developing countries, confirmed by President Clinton's recent commitment to seek to increase the budget for African aid to its historically high levels. It is important that the United States pursue pro-development policies on a broad range of issues. Thus, the review gives special attention to the work of USAID in the areas of democracy, participation, governance, dealing with conflict and disasters, as well as the Transition Initiative, set up to help the United States respond to the needs falling between relief and development. Trade policy is also highlighted, as are the United States' multilateral contributions, and its role in promoting gender equality.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163461-en
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  • 91
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    Fighting Extreme Poverty in Brazil : The Influence of Citizens' Action on Government Policies (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.142
    Keywords: Development ; Brazil
    Abstract: Against the background of Brazil’s highly unequal distribution of income and wealth, and its history of alienation and passivity of the poor, in particular during the years of political authoritarianism, this paper shows how an active civil society, driven by ethical concerns, has, since 1993, nudged democratic government at different levels as well as enterprises of the public sector into undertakings which alleviate poverty directly in various ways and open up new perspectives for a number of the poor. While the reach and impact of these programmes is still rather limited in the face of the country’s 32 million “extremely poor” (1990), and data are lacking for a comprehensive evaluation, the approach followed deserves attention as a large-scale experiment which introduces new political practices, based on dialogue between administrations and committees of citizens about priorities as well as implementation and monitoring of activities. In political terms, the main achievement is ...
    DOI: 10.1787/864833155654
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  • 92
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    Labour Market Aspects of State Enterprise Reform in China (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.141
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: In recent years, as China’s reform of state–owned enterprises (SOEs) has gathered momentum, the number of workers made redundant has been rising. Until now, the dismissals have affected only a fraction of the “surplus labour”, which has been estimated at 20–25 per cent of total industrial employment in SOEs. If concerns for social stability have so far dictated a gradual approach to SOE restructuring, the heavy fiscal and financial burden of loss–making SOEs has forced an acceleration of the process. Thus, far more sizeable layoffs from state enterprises could be expected in coming years. The growth of the non–state sector has opened new job opportunities for some SOE laid–off workers. By easing the re–employment of redundant workers, a further development of the non–state sector is an important condition for a smooth restructuring of the state sector. Measures to promote further development of the non–state sector include removing remaining discrimination against the private ...
    DOI: 10.1787/451251088062
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  • 93
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    Trade Integration with Europe, Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Egypt (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.135
    Keywords: Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: Egypt needs to diversify exports further in order to emerge from its isolation and to draw the maximum advantage from the growth potential offered by trade globalisation. To what extent does the bilateral free trade agreement with the European Union encourage the transition from a rentier economy to one of export-led growth? This paper uses a dynamic, calculable, general equilibrium model to assess different scenarios for the Egyptian economy to the year 2010. The authors reach the conclusion that the preferential trade agreement with Europe should facilitate the transition if the increase in trade results in higher Egyptian productivity through technology transfer and pressure from competition. Under these conditions, the agreement would seem to have a similar impact to that which could be expected from unilateral ...
    DOI: 10.1787/763242724423
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  • 94
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    La gestion de conflits en Afrique : Un défi permanent (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264263161
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p)
    Series Statement: Séminaires du Centre de Développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict Management in Africa; A Permanent Challenge
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict Management in Africa: A Permanent Challenge
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Dans de nombreux pays africains, des conflits violents ont freiné le développement économique et social, quand ils ne l'ont pas tout simplement fait reculer. Pour gérer les tensions politiques et sociales de façon non violente, il faut adopter des modes de "gouvernance" appropriés au processus de développement. Mais, pour être efficace, la prévention des conflits requiert une connaissance approfondie de leurs origines et de leur dynamique. Cet ouvrage est le fruit d'une réunion organisée par le Centre de Développement et le Comité d'Aide au Développement de l'OCDE. Il passe en revue les possibilités offertes aux donneurs dans le cadre des efforts menés pour prévenir les conflits et renforcer les perspectives de développement social, économique et politique pacifique. Malgré la complexité du sujet, les auteurs ont pu dégagé des conclusions prudentes de nature à intéresser les décideurs. Au plan national, des programmes d'action doivent promouvoir la justice sociale, politique et économique ; faire participer la société civile aux affaires publiques à travers un transfert des compétences, connaissances et ressources ; définir des modes de gestion des conflits efficaces ; et prendre en compte les différents groupes et intérêts dans la société. Dans le cadre d'efforts de développement accrus, la communauté internationale devrait, quant à elle, être plus sensible à la problématique des conflits. Son rôle est d'offrir aux groupes concernés les moyens de négocier leur propre solution aux conflits et non de leur imposer des solutions de l'extérieur.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264263161-fr
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  • 95
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    Civil Society and International Development (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La société civile et le développement international
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Civil society and international development
    DDC: 327.1/7
    RVK:
    ME 3370
    Keywords: Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Bürgerliche Gesellschaft
    Abstract: Interest in the concept of civil society has undergone a remarkable renaissance in the 1990s. It is currrently seen as a potential tool to overcome some of the main theoretical and political stalemates. But what exactly does the concept of civil society mean ? Can civil society really be a counterweight to governments which have become too remote from their people ? The Western concept of what constitutes civil society may well have to be adjusted when applied to developing economies where different cultural forces and values come into play. This book takes up the challenge of defining civil society's role in furthering developmental objectives within the context of developing societies themselves. It compares the activities and attitudes of different elements of civil society within the development process, and suggests ways in which they could be made more effective. It also shows that governments should not try to replace their own development activities with those of civil society.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163393-en
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  • 96
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    The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy : Egypt (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environnement économique et politique de transition vers l'économie de marché ; l'Égypte
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Weiss, Dieter, 1935 - 2016 The economics and politics of transition to an open market economy
    DDC: 338.962
    RVK:
    QG 730
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsreform ; Systemtransformation ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Ägypten ; Development ; Egypt ; Ägypten ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Marktwirtschaft ; Ägypten ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Geschichte 1990-1998
    Abstract: Egypt is lagging behind other countries in the Mediterranean region in reforming its economy. This book explains why. The authors contend that the Egyptian political system, based to a large extent on discrete patronage and dominated by powerful interest groups was inherently resistant to reform. In addition, the country's strategic position in Middle Eastern politics provided the environment for aid flows which mitigated the need for change by creating an illusion of economic wellbeing. Egypt has thus been protected from the pressure of the international market system. Yet, argues this study, such pressure is the only effective stimulus to fundamental reform.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Environnement économique et politique de transition vers l'économie de marché : l'Égypte
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163607-en
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  • 97
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    Capital Flows and Investment Performance : Lessons from Latin America (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and OECD Development Centre
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264163454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mouvements des capitaux et performances des investissements ; Les leçons de l'Amérique latine
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Capital flows and investment performance
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Keywords: Kapitalimport ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investition ; Sparen ; Lateinamerika ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Lateinamerika ; Internationale Kapitalbewegung ; Geschichte 1990-1997
    Abstract: Countries receiving large-scale capital inflows are at risk if these flows do not find their way into productive and long-term investment, as the Asian crisis of the late 1990s has proven. This book, the result of a joint project between the OECD Development Centre and the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), examines the policies of a group of major Latin American countries faced with large inflows. The authors conclude that domestic policies impact on the effects of capital inflows. They demonstrate that certain countries, particularly Chile and Colombia, have been able to use policy to direct capital inflows into investment and thereby reduce the risk of instability in the financial sector. Such policies lead to effective management of foreign capital inflows and the creation of a stable, growth-oriented environment conducive to more sound external investment. The lessons of this book are as applicable in other regions of the world as they are in Latin America.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Mouvements des capitaux et performances des investissements
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163454-en
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  • 98
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    Développement régional et politiques structurelles au Mexique (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264262416
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regional Development and Structural Policy in Mexico
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: Le Mexique est un pays aux facettes multiples. Du fait de leur diversité géographique, ethnique, de traditions culturelles et historiques spécifiques, chacun des territoires qui composent cette fédération appelle une politique de développement adaptée. Dans le même temps, l'évolution des structures politiques vers une plus grande décentralisation va modifier les équilibres économiques politiques et sociaux. Le Mexique est confronté à deux défis majeurs : comment maintenir la cohérence de l'action publique tout en exprimant une forte volonté de décentralisation ? Comment concilier développement des territoires et développement national tout en jouant pleinement la carte de l'intégration dans l'économie mondiale ? Cette étude permet de mieux cerner ces enjeux et d'éclairer ainsi, dans le domaine de la politique régionale, les choix politiques de la prochaine décennie. De nombreux tableaux, cartes et graphiques étayent ces analyses.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264262416-fr
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  • 99
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    Regulatory reform in the global economy : Asian and Latin America perspectives (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163158
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Regulatory reform in the global economy
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Welthandel ; Deregulierung ; Agrobusiness ; Deregulierung ; Europäische Union ; Agrobusiness ; Asien ; Internationalisierung ; Regulierung ; Lateinamerika ; Internationalisierung ; Regulierung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163157-en
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  • 100
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    Migration, free trade and regional integration in North America : [Conference on Migration and International Co-operation, held in Madrid in March 1993] (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264163816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Migration, free trade and regional integration in North America
    RVK:
    QM 230
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Nordamerika ; Integration ; Mexiko ; Nordamerika ; Migration ; Mexiko ; Nordamerika ; Freihandel ; Mexiko
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264163812-en
    URL: Volltext
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