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  • 1995-1999  (706)
  • 1950-1954  (14)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press  (395)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    International African library : IAL (from 1985-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press | Manchester : Manchester Univ. Press ; 1.1985 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    MARKK
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Contemporary European history (from 1992-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1992 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0960-7773 , 1469-2171 , 1469-2171
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Contemporary European history
    Keywords: Geschichte 1900- ; Zeitschrift ; Politik ; Europa ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York ; Oxford : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester ; Malden, MA : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    HU Berlin
    München BSB
    München UB
    Regensburg UB
  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | New York ; Oxford : Berghahn ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York ; Oxford : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester ; Malden, MA : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    HBZ
  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York ; Oxford : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester ; Malden, MA : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , ISSN 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BVB
  • 7
    Book
    Book
    A treatise on social theory (1997-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521249600 , 0521588014
    Language: English
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Sociology
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    Book
    GBV
  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (from 1961-)
    Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 20.1961,3 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    Keywords: Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Slawistik ; Osteuropa ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Fauna Hawaiiensis being the Land-Fauna of the Hawaiian Islands (1899-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
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    Details
    Language: English
    Keywords: Hawaii ; Tiere ; Zoologie
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    Book
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (from 1946-)
    Paris : Colin | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1946 -
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    Details
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    RVK:
    NA 1000
    RVK:
    AZ 10000
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl. , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York ; Oxford : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester ; Malden, MA : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , ISSN 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    HeBIS
    HBZ
  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (from 1961-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg.: The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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    HeBIS
    HBZ
  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    International African library : IAL (from 1985-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Manchester : Manchester Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1985 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (from 1946-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    NA 1000
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    World politics : a quarterly journal of international relations (from 1949-)
    Baltimore, MD : John Hopkins University Press | Princeton, NJ [u.a.] : Univ. Press | Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins Univ. Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-8871 , ISSN 1086-3338 , ISSN 1086-3338
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Additional Information: 14,1=78 von Princeton paperbacks Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 1954
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World politics
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    RVK:
    MA 1000
    Keywords: Internationale Beziehungen ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Welt ; Internationale Politik ; Zeitschrift ; Internationale Politik ; Politik ; Weltpolitik ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Sicherheitspolitik
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson; Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals , Beteil. Körp. 1.1948/49 - 3.1951: Yale Institute of International Studies; früher: Center of International Studies
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Jahrbuch Tanzforschung (from 1997-)
    Bielefeld : transcript | Wilhelmshaven : Noetzel | Münster : LIT | Leipzig : Henschel ; 7.1996(1997) - 9.1998(1999); 13.2003 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0940-1008
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 7.1996(1997) - 9.1998(1999); 13.2003 -
    Additional Information: Vorg. u. 10.2000 - 12.2002 Tanzforschung Münster : Lit-Verl., 1991 0940-1008
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jahrbuch Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Jahrbuch ... der Gesellschaft für Tanzforschung
    Former Title: Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Tanzforschung
    DDC: 792.805
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Tanz ; Tanz ; Forschung
    Note: Ab 13.2003 als Schriftenreihe; ersch. unregelmäßig; 31.2021 nicht erschienen
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (from 1961-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , ISSN 2325-7784 , ISSN 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Osteuropa ; Russland ; USA ; Regionalstudien ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , ISSN 1469-8676 , ISSN 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (from 1946-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    NA 1000
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    Weltkulturen Museum
    BSZ
    GBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social anthropology : the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists = Anthropologie sociale (from 1993-)
    New York : Berghahn | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell | Chichester : Wiley ; 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-0282 , 1469-8676 , 1469-8676
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1992/93(1993) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social anthropology
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Sozialanthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 24
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annales : histoire, sciences sociales (from 1946-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    NA 1000
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
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    Weltkulturen Museum
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oriental publications (from 1956-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1956 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0068-6891
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Additional Information: 34=6 von South Asian archaeology [Wechselnde Verlagsorte], 1973 0066-2011
    Additional Information: 42=8 von Arabian studies Cambridge [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1974 0305-036X
    Additional Information: 47=3 von Ḥevrah le-ḥeḳer ha-tarbut ha-ʿaravit-ha-yehudit shel yeme ha-benayim Papers read at the ... congress of the Society for Judaeo-Arabic Studies Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1992
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als University of Cambridge oriental publications
    Former Title: University of Cambridge oriental publications
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung (from 1997-)
    Bielefeld : transcript | Baden-Baden : Nomos, Ed. Sigma | Berlin : Ed. Sigma ; 1.1997 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2702-9255 , 2702-9263
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1997 -
    Additional Information: 26=[1]; 66=2 von Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut WSI-Frauendatenreport Berlin : Ed. Sigma, 2000
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hans-Böckler-Stiftung Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 27
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Edition Umbruch : Texte zur Kulturpolitik (from 1993-)
    Bielefeld : transcript | Essen : Klartext-Verl. ; 1.1993 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2702-9085 , 2702-9093
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1993 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Edition Umbruch
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Kulturpolitik
    Note: Teilw. hrsg. von der Kulturpolitschen Gesellschaft, Bonn , Ersch. unregelmäßig
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MEK Berlin
  • 28
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Friedensgutachten ... (from 1987-)
    Bielefeld : transcript | Frankfurt, M. : HSFK | Münster : IFSH | Münster : Lit | Berlin : Lit ; [1.]1987 - [2.]1988; 3.1989 - 4.1990; [5.]1991 - [7.]1993; 8.1994 - 16.2002; 2003 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0932-7983 , 2751-3866
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1987 - [2.]1988; 3.1989 - 4.1990; [5.]1991 - [7.]1993; 8.1994 - 16.2002; 2003 -
    Additional Information: Didaktische Handreichung Friedensgutachten ... didaktisch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Friedensgutachten ...
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    MK 3500
    Keywords: Peace Periodicals ; Security, International Periodicals ; Disarmament Periodicals ; Germany (West) Periodicals Foreign relations ; Zeitschrift ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; Weltfriede ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Konfliktforschung ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Reihenfolge d. Urh. wechselt , Ersch. jährl. , Index 1987/2006 in: 20 Jahre Friedensgutachten, 2006
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Central European history (1968-)
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1968 -
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    Details
    ISSN: 1569-1616 , 0008-9389 , 0008-9389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1968 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Central European history
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Mitteleuropa ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 21.01.2016
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=30h&jid=%22CUH%22&scope=site
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/centeurohist
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/centeurohist
    URL: http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CCC/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/central-european-history
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/centeurohist
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2049699-0
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/central-european-history
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/centeurohist
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (1961-)
    Champaign, Ill. : Assoc. | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 20.1961,3 -
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    Details
    ISSN: 2325-7784 , 0037-6779 , 0037-6779
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 10.03.2017 , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/slavicreview
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/slavicreview
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/SLR/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/SLR/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/slavicreview
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2029130-9
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://www.slavicreview.illinois.edu/
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/slavicreview
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Law & social inquiry : journal of the American Bar Foundation (1988-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Chicago, IL : Univ. of Chicago Press | Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Publ. | Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell ; 13.1988 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-4469 , 0897-6546 , 0897-6546
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 13.1988 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Law & social inquiry
    Former Title: Vorg. American Bar Foundation Research journal
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; USA ; Rechtssoziologie
    Note: Gesehen am
    DOI: 10.1111/(ISSN)1747-4469
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1747-4469
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2069317-5
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry
    URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17474469
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/lawsocialinquiry
    URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/lsi
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The journal of Asian studies (1956-)
    Durham, NC : Duke University Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 16.1956 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-0401 , 0021-9118 , 0021-9118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 16.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The journal of Asian studies
    Former Title: Vorg The Far Eastern quarterly
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Asien ; Kultur ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Asien ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource
    Note: Gesehen am 06.12.2023
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2002914-7
    URL: https://www.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jasianstudies
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    MPI-MMG
  • 33
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    World politics : a quarterly journal of international relations (from 1949-)
    Baltimore, MD : John Hopkins University Press | Princeton, NJ [u.a.] : Univ. Press | Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins Univ. Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-8871 , 1086-3338 , 1086-3338
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Additional Information: 14,1=78 von Princeton paperbacks Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 1954
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World politics
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    RVK:
    MA 1000
    Keywords: Internationale Beziehungen ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Welt ; Internationale Politik ; Zeitschrift ; Internationale Politik ; Politik ; Weltpolitik ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Sicherheitspolitik
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson; Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals , Beteil. Körp. 1.1948/49 - 3.1951: Yale Institute of International Studies; früher: Center of International Studies
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  • 34
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies (from 1961-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Osteuropa ; Russland ; USA ; Regionalstudien ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iranian studies (1967-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | [Wechselnde Verlagsorte] | London [u.a.] : Carfax | Colchester : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group ; 1.1967/68 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4819 , 0021-0862
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1967/68 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Iranian studies
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 14.04.2022 , Erscheint vierteljährlich
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cist20
    URL: http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/IRN/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/iranstudies
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2112647
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cist20
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iranian-studies
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/iranstudies
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2112647-1
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cist20
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iranian-studies
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/iranstudies
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2112647-1
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ASA news : enhancing the exchange of information about Africa (1981-)
    New Brunswick, NJ : ASA | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; Volume 14, no. 1 (January/March 1981)-
    Details
    ISSN: 1942-4949 , 0278-2219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Volume 14, no. 1 (January/March 1981)-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als African Studies Association ASA news
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von African studies newsletter
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 23.06.2023 , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asa-news
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2380419-1
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asa-news
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2380419-1
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asa-news
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2380419-1
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nationalities papers : the journal of nationalism and ethnicity (1972-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Levitton, Pa. [u.a.] : Carfax Publ. | Philadelphia, Pa. : Taylor & Francis Group ; 1.1972/73 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1465-3923 , 0090-5992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1972/73 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Nationalities papers
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnische Gruppe ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nationale Minderheit ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Sowjetunion ; Osteuropa ; Sowjetunion ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Sowjetunion ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnische Gruppe ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Osteuropa ; Nationale Minderheit ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Sowjetunion ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 12.05.21 , Urh. anfangs: Association for the Study of the Nationalities (USSR and East Europe)
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?1491362
    URL: http://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/NPS/type/JOURNAL
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1491362-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1491362-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1491362-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers
    URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?1491362-8
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Latin American antiquity (1990-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Society for American Archaeology ; 1.1990 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2325-5080 , 1045-6635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1990 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Latin American antiquity
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Altamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Altamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Gesehen am 28.03.2017
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiameranti
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-6635&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2050681
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiameranti
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-6635&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050681-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiameranti
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-6635&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050681-8
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiameranti
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-6635&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050681-8
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American antiquity (1935-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Society for American Archaeology ; 1.1935 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2325-5064 , 0002-7316 , 0002-7316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1935 -
    Additional Information: 18,3,2=9; 20,4,2=10; 22,2,3=12; 22,4,2=13; 23,2,2=14; 23,4,2=15; 24,4,2=16; 26,3,2=17 u.a. von Society for American Archaeology Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology Salt Lake City, Utah [u.a.] : Soc., 1941
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. American antiquity
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Amerika ; Archäologie
    Note: Gesehen am 02.03.2017
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2050689
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2050689
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050689-2
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050689-2
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/ameranti
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2050689-2
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    MARKK
  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Latin American research review : LARR (1965-)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Austin, Tex. | Pittsburgh, Pa. : LASA ; 1.1965 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-4278 , 0023-8791
    Language: English , Spanish , Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1965 -
    Additional Information: Auch in Prisma
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Latin American research review
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Lateinamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Lateinamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe , Gesehen am 14.04.2022
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2052199
    URL: http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/eng/larr/index.asp
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/226
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiamerreserevi
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=journal&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=11547&svc_dat=xri:pqil:context=title&rft_dat=xri:pqd:PMID=2043
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    URL: http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/eng/larr/index.asp
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/226
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-research-review
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiamerreserevi
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    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=journal&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=11547&svc_dat=xri:pqil:context=title&rft_dat=xri:pqd:PMID=2043
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=0023-8791&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2052199-6
    URL: http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/eng/larr/index.asp
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/226
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-research-review
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    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiamerreserevi
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    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2052199-6
    URL: http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/eng/larr/index.asp
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/226
    URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-research-review
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/latiamerreserevi
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=journal&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=11547&svc_dat=xri:pqil:context=title&rft_dat=xri:pqd:PMID=2043
    URL: http://find.galegroup.com/openurl/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&res_id=info:sid/gale:IFME&ctx_enc=info:ofi:enc:UTF-8&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=0023-8791&req_dat=info:sid/gale:ugnid:1ibero
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2052199-6
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  • 41
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    Book
    Status and respectability in the Cape Colony, 1750-1870 : a tragedy of manners (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0-521-62122-4 , 978-0-521-62122-9
    ISSN: 0065-406X
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 203 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First published
    Series Statement: African Studies (Cambridge) [98]
    Keywords: Südafrika Kap-Provinz ; Kolonie, holländisch ; Kapkolonie, britisch ; Gesellschaft ; Sozialer Status ; Statussymbol ; Christentum ; Kolonialgeschichte
    Abstract: In a compelling example of the cultural history of South Africa, Robert Ross offers a subtle and wide-ranging study of status and respectability in the colonial Cape between 1750 and 1850. His 1999 book describes the symbolism of dress, emblems, architecture, food, language, and polite conventions, paying particular attention to domestic relationships, gender, education and religion, and analyses the values and the modes of thinking current in different strata of the society. He argues that these cultural factors were related to high political developments in the Cape, and offers a rich account of the changes in social identity that accompanied the transition from Dutch to British overrule, and of the development of white racism and of ideologies of resistance to white domination. The result is a uniquely nuanced account of a colonial society. (Umschlagtext)
    Description / Table of Contents: List of illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Under the VOC -- 3 English and Dutch -- 4 The content of respectability -- 5 Christianity, status and respectability -- 6 Outsiders -- 7 Acceptance and rejection -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 177-195
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  • 42
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    Book
    European culture in the Great War : the arts, entertainment, and propaganda, 1914-1918 (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISBN: 0521570158
    Language: English
    Pages: xii,430p.
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Thurston, Gary European culture in the Great War. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1999 [Rezension]
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Milner, John European culture in the Great War. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1999 [Rezension]
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Thurston, Gary European culture in the Great War. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1999 [Rezension]
    Series Statement: Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare 6
    DDC: 940.31
    RVK:
    NP 4420
    RVK:
    NP 4425
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
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  • 43
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    Book
    Middlemen of the Cameroons Rivers : the Duala and their hinterland, c. 1600 - c. 1960 (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0-521-56664-9 , 978-0-521-56664-3 , 0-521-56228-7 /Hb. , 978-0-521-56228-7 /Hb.
    ISSN: 0065-406X
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 252 Seiten , Karte
    Edition: First published
    Series Statement: African Studies (Cambridge) 96
    Keywords: Zentralafrika Kamerun ; Duala ; Handel ; Wirtschaftliche Bedingungen ; Wirtschaftsethnologie ; Geschichte ; Kolonialgeschichte ; Kolonialismus ; Kolonie, deutsch ; Kolonie, französisch ; Dekolonisation
    Abstract: The Duala people entered the international scene as merchant-brokers for precolonial trade in ivory, slaves and palm products. Under colonial rule they used the advantages gained from earlier riverain trade to develop cocoa plantations and provide their children with exceptional levels of European education. At the same time they came into early conflict with both German and French regimes and played a leading - if ultimately unsuccessful - role in anti-colonial politics. In tracing these changing economic and political roles, this book also examines the growing consciousness of the Duala as an ethnic group and uses their history to shed light on the history of 'middleman' communities in surrounding regions of West and Central Africa. The authors draw upon a wide range of written and oral sources, including indigenous accounts of the past conflicting with their own findings but illuminate local conceptions of social hierarchy and their relationship to spiritual beliefs. (Umschlagtext)
    Description / Table of Contents: List of tables -- Preface -- Map -- 1. Introduction -- 2. From fishermen to middlemen: the Duala inland and on the coast in the formative period, c. 1600-1830 -- 3. Hegemony without control: the Duala, Europeans and the Littoral hinterland in the era of legitimate/free trade, c. 1830-1884 -- 4. Mythic transformation and historical continuity: Duala middlemen and German colonial rule, 1884-1914 -- 5. Middlemen as ethnic elite: the Duala under French mandate rule, 1914-1941 -- 5. Between colonialism and radical nationalism: middlemen in the era of decolonization, c. 1941-c. 1960 -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 235-249
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    Frobenius-Institut
  • 44
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    Book
    Abstract expressionism as cultural critique : dissent during the McCarthy period (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521434157
    Language: English
    Pages: xv, 232 p , ill., ports , 26 cm
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in American visual culture
    DDC: 759.13/09/045
    Keywords: Abstract expressionism ; Dissident art ; Artists Political activity ; United States Politics and government 1945-1953 ; New York, NY ; Abstrakter Expressionismus ; Kulturkritik ; MacCarthyismus ; Geschichte 1945-1953
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Verlagsangaben
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Verlagsangaben
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mothers at work : effects on children's well-being (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511629471
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 338 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and emotional development
    DDC: 306.87
    RVK:
    CQ 6000
    RVK:
    MS 3050
    Abstract: This important 1999 volume examines the effects of the mother's employment on family life and children's well-being. It starts with a thorough review of previous research on this topic and then reports the results of a study designed to answer the key questions that emerge. The study focuses on 448 families, with an elementary school child, living in an industrialized city in the Midwest. They include both one-parent and two-parent families, African Americans and Whites, and a broad range of economic circumstances. Extensive data have been obtained from mothers, fathers, children, teachers, classroom peers, and school records. The analysis reported reveals how the mother's employment status affects the father's role, the mother's sense of well-being, and childrearing patterns and how these, in turn, affect the child. The book provides an intimate picture of urban life and how families cope with mothers' employment.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511629471
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Congregations in conflict : cultural models of local religious life (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521594448 , 0521594626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 267 p) , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2005 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Cavendish, James Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life, by Penny Edgell Becker. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999, 264 pp. 18.95 2000
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Wilson, John [Rezension von: Becker, Penny Edgell, Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life] 2000
    Parallel Title: Print version Congregations in Conflict : Cultural Models of Local Religious Life
    DDC: 306.6/5/0973
    Keywords: Church controversies Case studies History 20th century ; Church controversies ; United States ; History ; 20th century ; Case studies ; Electronic books ; United States Case studies Religious life and customs
    Abstract: This book examines the nature of American congregations as institutions, looking in particular at how they deal with conflict within their ranks, to gain insight into religious culture
    Description / Table of Contents: Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; CONTENTS; TABLES; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; 1 WHO WE AREŽ AND HOW WE DO THINGS HEREŽ: LOCAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF MISSION AND IDENTITY; 2 THE CONGREGATIONS OF OAK PARK, RIVER FOREST, AND FOREST PARK; 3 HOUSES OF WORSHIP; 4 FAMILY CONGREGATIONS; 5 COMMUNITY CONGREGATIONS; 6 LEADER CONGREGATIONS; 7 MIXED CONGREGATIONS; 8 AN INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH TO LOCAL CULTURE; 9 AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL RELIGION; APPENDIX A DATA AND METHODS; APPENDIX B THE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS; REFERENCES; INDEX
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (252-264) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fundamentalism, sectarianism, and revolution : the Jacobin dimension of modernity (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511520822
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 280 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge cultural social studies
    DDC: 306.6
    RVK:
    MC 9100
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    RVK:
    MS 1290
    Keywords: Moderne ; Fundamentalismus
    Abstract: Fundamentalism, Sectarianism, and Revolution is a major comparative analysis of fundamentalist movements in cultural and political context, with an emphasis on the contemporary scene. Leading sociologist S. N. Eisenstadt examines the meaning of the global rise of fundamentalism as one very forceful contemporary response to tensions in modernity and the dynamics of civilization. He compares modern fundamentalist movements with the proto-fundamentalist movements which arose in the 'axial civilizations' in pre-modern times; he shows how the great revolutions in Europe which arose in connection with these movements shaped the political and cultural programmes of modernity; and he contrasts post-Second World War Moslem, Jewish and Protestant fundamentalist movements with communal national movements, notably in Asia. The central theme of the book is the distinctively Jacobin features of fundamentalist movements and their ambivalent attitude to tradition: above all their attempts to essentialize tradition in an ideologically totalistic way. Eisenstadt has won the Amalfi book prize.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511520822
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Berlin aging study : aging from 70 to 100 (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511586545
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xii, 552 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.26/0943
    RVK:
    CQ 7400
    RVK:
    MS 2700
    Keywords: Older people / Germany / Berlin ; Alter ; Projekt ; Deutschland ; Berlin ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Berlin ; Alter ; Projekt
    Abstract: The present and future of our society are shaped by an ever-increasing proportion of old and very old people. The Berlin Aging Study is one of the largest interdisciplinary efforts to explore old age and aging. Unique aspects of the Berlin Aging Study are the spectrum of scientific disciplines involved, the range of discipline-specific and interdisciplinary research topics, the focus on very old age (70 to over 100 years), and the empirical reference to a representative heterogenous urban population. The study's first cross-sectional findings on intellectual abilities, self and personality, social relationships, physical health, functional capacity, medical treatment, mental disorders such as depression and dementia, socioeconomic conditions, activities, everyday competence, subjective well-being, and gender differences are reported in depth in this book. The study was carried out in the context of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences study group on 'Aging and Social Development'. The authors primarily conduct their research at the Berlin Max Planck Institute for Human Development, the Free University of Berlin, and the Humboldt University, Berlin
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511586545
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hormones, health, and behavior : a socio-ecological and lifespan perspective (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511623462
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 290 pages)
    DDC: 306.4/61
    RVK:
    CZ 1200
    RVK:
    LC 59000
    RVK:
    MS 6020
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: As widespread social transformations have been paralleled by gains in health and life expectancy through public health and other improvements, a variety of other challenges to health have emerged, particularly in lifestyle related, behaviourally mediated changes in rates of chronic disease. Hormones, Health and Behavior looks at the relationship of human biology and human society at the intersection of behavior, hormones and health. There is both scientific interest and practical urgency behind the ideas and findings presented here, as the need for a socio-ecological view of function and well-being has become more apparent. This book documents an emerging understanding of how hormones create linkage between behavior or social life and health. It will inform graduate students and researchers interested in human sciences, human development, anthropology, epidemiology, public environmental and reproductive health.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511623462
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Caste, society and politics in India from the eighteenth century to the modern age (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781139053389
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 421 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe Cambridge Cambridge University Press March 2008 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The new Cambridge history of India. 4, The evolution of contemporary South Asia 3
    Series Statement: The new Cambridge history of India The evolution of contemporary South Asia
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Bayly, Susan Caste, society and politics in India from the eighteenth century to the modern age
    DDC: 305.5/122/0954
    RVK:
    MS 1275
    RVK:
    NK 3600
    RVK:
    NK 4900
    Abstract: The phenomenon of caste has probably aroused more controversy than any other aspect of Indian life and thought. Susan Bayly's cogent and sophisticated analysis explores the emergence of the ideas, experiences and practices which gave rise to the so-called 'caste society' from the pre-colonial period to the end of the twentieth century. Using an historical and anthropological approach, she frames her analysis within the context of India's dynamic economic and social order, interpreting caste not as an essence of Indian culture and civilization, but rather as a contingent and variable response to the changes that occurred in the subcontinent's political landscape through the colonial conquest. The idea of caste in relation to Western and Indian 'orientalist' thought is also explored.
    Note: Online-Ausgabe:
    DOI: 10.1017/CHOL9780521264341
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521264341
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 51
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    Book
    Land mosaics : the ecology of landscapes and regions (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521479800 , 0521474620
    Language: English
    Pages: XX, 632 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: Repr.
    DDC: 304.23
    RVK:
    RB 10525
    Keywords: Landschaftsökologie
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  • 52
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    Book
    Cultural diversity among twentieth-century foragers : an African perspective (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521482372
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 344 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Transferred to digital print.
    DDC: 306.0896
    RVK:
    LC 21465
    Keywords: Hunting and gathering societies Africa ; Pluralism (Social sciences) Africa ; Subculture Africa ; Ethnic groups Culture ; Africa ; Afrika ; Wildbeuter
    Note: Bibliography: S. 305-333. - Includes index
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  • 53
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    Misreading the African landscape : society and ecology in a forest-savanna mosaic (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521563534 , 0521564999
    Language: English
    Pages: XVIII, 354 S. , Ill. (z.T. farb.), Kt.
    Edition: reprinted
    Series Statement: African studies series 90
    Series Statement: African studies
    DDC: 304.2096652
    RVK:
    WI 8810
    RVK:
    RS 39525
    RVK:
    MS 9622
    RVK:
    LB 65527
    Keywords: Human ecology Guinea ; Forestry and community Guinea ; Forest management Guinea ; Citizen participation
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  • 54
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    Book
    Women in modern India (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521653770
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 290 p , ill , 24 cm.
    Series Statement: The New Cambridge history of India
    DDC: 305.40954
    Keywords: Women History 19th century ; Women History 20th century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Women in modern India (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781139055703
    Language: English
    Pages: xix, 290 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First paperback edition
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe Cambridge Cambridge University Press March 2008 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The new Cambridge history of India. 4, The evolution of contemporary South Asia volume 2
    Series Statement: The new Cambridge history of India The evolution of contemporary South Asia
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Forbes, Geraldine, 1943- Women in modern India
    DDC: 305.4/0954/09034
    Abstract: In a compelling study of Indian women, Geraldine Forbes considers their recent history from the nineteenth century under colonial rule to the twentieth century after Independence. She begins with the reform movement, established by men to educate women, and demonstrates how education changed women's lives enabling them to take part in public life. Through their own accounts of their lives and activities, she documents the formation of their organisations, their participation in the struggle for freedom, their role in the colonial economy and the development of the women's movement in India since 1947.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Online-Ausgabe:
    DOI: 10.1017/CHOL9780521268127
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521268127
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  • 56
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    Book
    Emerging Class in Papua New Guinea: The Telling of Difference (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 0521655676
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: X, 179 S.: Ill.
    Edition: 1. Ausg.
    DDC: 305.5/09953
    RVK:
    MS 9750
    RVK:
    RX 70959
    Keywords: Chambri ; Soziale Situation ; Geschlechterrolle ; Soziale Klasse ; Wewak ; Chambri ; Geschlechterrolle ; Wewak ; Soziale Klasse ; Wewak ; Soziale Situation
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mourning in late imperial China : filial piety and the state (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511572746
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 210 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in Chinese history, literature, and institutions
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 393/.9/0951
    RVK:
    BE 8225
    RVK:
    LB 60440
    RVK:
    LC 31440
    RVK:
    PW 9460
    Keywords: Geschichte 1368-1911 ; Alltag, Brauchtum ; Mourning customs / China ; Funeral rites and ceremonies / China ; Filial piety / China ; Trauerritual ; Bestattungsritus ; China / Social life and customs / 1644-1912 ; China ; China ; Bestattungsritus ; Geschichte 1368-1911 ; China ; Trauerritual ; Geschichte 1368-1911
    Abstract: As a conquest dynasty, Qing China's new Manchu leaders desperately needed to legitimize their rule. To win the approval of China's native elites, they developed an ambitious plan to return Confucianism to civil society. Filial piety, the core Confucian value, would once again be upheld by the state, and laborious and time-consuming mourning rituals, the touchstones of a well-ordered Confucian society, would be observed by officials throughout the empire. In this way, the emperor would be following the ancient dictate that he 'govern all-under-heaven with filial piety'. Norman Kutcher's study of mourning looks beneath the rhetoric to demonstrate how the state - unwilling to make the sacrifices that a genuine commitment to proper mourning demanded - quietly but forcefully undermined, not reinvigorated, the Confucian mourning system. With acute sensitivity to language and its changing meanings, Kutcher sheds light on a wide variety of issues that are of interest to historians of late Imperial China
    Description / Table of Contents: Death and the state in imperial China: continuities -- The reorientation of Ming attitudes toward mourning -- The early Qing transformation of mourning practice -- The bureaucratization of the Confucian -- The death of Xiaoxian and the crisis of Qianlong rule -- Death and Chinese society
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511572746
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adjustment and Poverty in Mexican Agriculture : How Farmers' Wealth Affects Supply Response (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lopez, Ramon Adjustment and Poverty in Mexican Agriculture
    Keywords: Access To Irrigation ; Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Commercial Bank ; Credit Markets ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Decisions ; Farm Households ; Farm Income ; Farm Work ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Irrigation ; Landholdings ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Disaster ; Poor Farmer ; Poor Farmers ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Financial Markets ; Rural Poverty ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural Sector ; Small Farms ; Access To Irrigation ; Agricultural Activities ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Commercial Bank ; Credit Markets ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Decisions ; Farm Households ; Farm Income ; Farm Work ; Farmer ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Irrigation ; Landholdings ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Natural Disaster ; Poor Farmer ; Poor Farmers ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Financial Markets ; Rural Poverty ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural Sector ; Small Farms
    Abstract: August 1995 - By and large, it appears that the goals of agricultural reform are being met in Mexico. But measures such as decoupling income supports and price supports or reorienting research and extension could help farmers who cannot afford access to machinery and purchased inputs and services. López, Nash, and Stanton report the results of a study of Mexican farm households using 1991 survey data and a smaller resurvey of some of the same households in 1993. One study goal was to empirically examine the relationship between assets and the output supply function. Using a production model focusing on capital as a productive input, they found that both the supply level and the responsiveness (elasticities) to changing input and output prices tend to depend on the farmer's net assets and on how productive assets are used. Regression analysis using data from the surveys shows that farmers who use productive assets such as machinery tend to be positively responsive to price changes, while those with no access to such assets are not. Another study goal was to monitor the condition of Mexican farmers in a rapidly changing policy environment. The 1991 survey data suggest that farmers with more limited use of capital inputs (the low-CI group) were more likely to grow principally corn and to grow fewer crops, on average, than the others. They also had more problems getting credit and were less likely to use purchased inputs, such as seeds, fertilizer, and pesticides, or to use a tractor to prepare the soil. They tended to be less well-educated, and their land tended to be of lower quality. Results from the panel data showed conditions generally improving for the average farmer in the sample area between 1991 and 1993, during a period when agricultural reforms were implemented. Cropping patterns were more diversified, the average size of landholdings increased, the average farmer received more credit (in real terms), more farm households earned income from off-farm work, and more farmers used purchased inputs. Asset ownership and educational attainment also improved modestly. The very small low-CI group in this sample fared as well as, or better than, the other groups. True, their level of educational achievement fell, and fewer of them had off-farm income than in 1991. But their use of credit, irrigation, machinery, and purchased inputs increased more than for other groups. The limited data are not proof of a causal link, but the fact that the goals are being met should at least ensure that adverse conditions are not undermining reform. Farmers that lacked access to productive assets did not respond as well to incentives or take advantage of the opportunities presented by reform and may need assistance, particularly to get access to credit markets. There may be a good argument for decoupling income supports from price supports for farmers, since income payments that are independent of the vagaries of production could provide a more stable signal of creditworthiness than price supports do. Possibly reorienting research and extension services more to the needs of low-CI producers could also improve the efficiency with which the sector adjusts to new incentives. Hypotheses and tentative conclusions from this study will be explored further when more data are collected in 1995. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department---is part of a larger effort in the department to investigate the effects of international trade policy on individual producers. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Rural Poverty and Agriculture in Mexico: An Analysis of Farm Decisions and Supply Responsiveness (RPO 678-23)
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    The Dynamics of Poverty : Why Some People Escape from Poverty and Others Don't?An African Case Study (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Kanbur, Ravi The Dynamics of Poverty
    Keywords: Chronically Poor ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; Economic Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Size ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Income ; Household Size ; Household Welfare ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Human Capital ; Incidence Of Poverty ; Income ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; New Poor ; Nonfarm Income ; Old Age ; Poor People ; Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural ; Rural Areas ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Targeting ; Temporarily Poor ; Transfers ; Chronically Poor ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; Economic Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farm Size ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Income ; Household Size ; Household Welfare ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Human Capital ; Incidence Of Poverty ; Income ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; New Poor ; Nonfarm Income ; Old Age ; Poor People ; Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural ; Rural Areas ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Targeting ; Temporarily Poor ; Transfers
    Abstract: August 1995 - In urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire, human capital is the endowment that best explains welfare changes over time. In rural areas, physical capital - especially the amount of land and farm equipment owned - matters most. Empirical investigations of poverty in developing countries tend to focus on the incidence of poverty at a particular point in time. If the incidence of poverty increases, however, there is no information about how many new poor have joined the existing poor and how many people have escaped poverty. Yet this distinction is of crucial policy importance. The chronically poor may need programs to enhance their human and physical capital endowments. Invalids and the very old may need permanent (targeted) transfers. The temporarily poor, on the other hand, may best be helped with programs that complement their own resources and help them bridge a difficult period. Results from analyses of panel surveys show significant mobility into and out of poverty and reveal a dynamism of the poor that policy should stimulate. Understanding what separates chronic from temporary poverty requires knowing which characteristics differentiate those who escape poverty from those who don't. In earlier work, Grootaert, Kanbur, and Oh found that region of residence and socioeconomic status were important factors. In this paper they investigate the role of other household characteristics, especially such asset endowments as human and physical capital, in the case of Côte d'Ivoire. In urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire, human capital is the most important endowment explaining welfare changes over time. Households with well-educated members suffered less loss of welfare than other households. What seems to have mattered, though, is the skills learned through education, not the diplomas obtained. Diplomas may even have worked against some households in having oriented workers too much toward a formal labor market in a time when employment growth came almost entirely from small enterprises. In rural areas, physical capital - especially the amount of land and farm equipment owned - mattered most. Smallholders were more likely to suffer welfare declines. Households with diversified sources of income managed better, especially if they had an important source of nonfarm income. In both rural and urban areas, larger households suffered greater declines in welfare and households that got larger were unable to increase income enough to maintain their former welfare level. Households whose heads worked in the public sector maintained welfare better than other households, a finding that confirms earlier observations. The results also suggest that government policies toward certain regions or types of household can outweigh the effects of household endownments. Surprisingly, migrant non-Ivorian households tended to be better at preventing welfare losses than Ivorian households, while households headed by women did better than those headed by men (after controlling for differences in or changes in endowment). The implications for policymakers? First, education is associated with higher welfare levels and helps people cope better with economic decline. Second, targeting the social safety net to larger households - possibly through the schools, to reach children - is justified in periods of decline. Third, smallholders might be targeted in rural areas, and ways found to encourage diversification of income there. This paper - a joint product of the Social Policy and Resettlement Division, Environment Department, and the Africa Regional Office, Office of the Chief Economist - is the result of a research project on The Dynamics of Poverty: Why Some People Escape Poverty and Others Don't, A Panel Analysis for Côte d'Ivoire (RPO 678-70)
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    Aid Allocation and Poverty Reduction (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dollar, David Aid Allocation and Poverty Reduction
    Keywords: Development Efforts ; Domestic Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Elimination Of Poverty ; Emergencies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Level Of Poverty ; Living Standards ; National Policy ; Policies ; Policy Level ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Quantitative Measures ; Recipient Countries ; Respect ; Rule Of Law ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sectoral Policies ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Sustainable Growth ; War ; Development Efforts ; Domestic Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Elimination Of Poverty ; Emergencies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Level Of Poverty ; Living Standards ; National Policy ; Policies ; Policy Level ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Quantitative Measures ; Recipient Countries ; Respect ; Rule Of Law ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sectoral Policies ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Sustainable Growth ; War
    Abstract: In the efficient allocation of aid, aid is targeted disproportionately to countries with severe poverty and adequate policies. For a given level of poverty, aid tapers in with policy reform. In the actual allocation of aid, aid tapers out with reform. - Aid now lifts about 30 million people a year out of absolute poverty. With a poverty-efficient allocation, the same amount of aid would lift about 80 million people out of poverty. Collier and Dollar derive a poverty-efficient allocation of aid and compare it with actual aid allocations. They build the poverty-efficient allocation in two stages. First they use new World Bank ratings of 20 different aspects of national policy to establish the current relationship between aid, policies, and growth. Onto that, they add a mapping from growth to poverty reduction, which reflects the level and distribution of income. They compare the effects of using headcount and poverty-gap measures of poverty. They find the actual allocation of aid to be radically different from the poverty-efficient allocation. In the efficient allocation, for a given level of poverty, aid tapers in with policy reform. In the actual allocation, aid tapers out with reform. In the efficient allocation, aid is targeted disproportionately to countries with severe poverty and adequate policies - the type of country where 74 percent of the world's poor live. In the actual allocation, such countries receive a much smaller share of aid (56 percent) than their share of the world's poor. With the present allocation, aid is effective in sustainably lifting about 30 million people a year out of absolute poverty. With a poverty-efficient allocation, this would increase to about 80 million people. Even with political constraints introduced to keep allocations for India and China constant, poverty reduction would increase to about 60 million. Reallocating aid is politically difficult, but it may be considerably less difficult than quadrupling aid budgets, which is what the authors estimate would be necessary to achieve the same impact on poverty reduction with existing aid allocations. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Director, and Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine aid effectiveness. The authors may be contacted at pcollierworldbank.org or ddollar@worldbank.org
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    Do Depositors Punish Banks for Bad Behavior? : Market Discipline in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (57 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Peria, Maria Do Depositors Punish Banks for Bad Behavior?
    Keywords: Bank ; Bank Deposits ; Bank Risk ; Banking ; Banking Crises ; Banking Sector ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Deposit Insurance ; Deposit Insurance Schemes ; Deposits ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Guarantees ; Industry ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Loans ; Market Discipline ; Monetary Policies ; Moral Hazard ; Prudential Regulations ; Savings ; Bank ; Bank Deposits ; Bank Risk ; Banking ; Banking Crises ; Banking Sector ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Debt Markets ; Deposit Insurance ; Deposit Insurance Schemes ; Deposits ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Guarantees ; Industry ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Loans ; Market Discipline ; Monetary Policies ; Moral Hazard ; Prudential Regulations ; Savings
    Abstract: February 1999 - A study of the banking industries of Argentina, Chile, and Mexico in the 1980s and 1990s finds that across countries and across deposit insurance schemes, market discipline exists even among small insured depositors - who punish risky banks by withdrawing their deposits. Bank fundamentals are at least as important as other factors affecting deposit behavior. Peria and Schmukler examine the banking industries of Argentina, Chile, and Mexico to see if market discipline existed there in the 1980s and 1990s. Using a set of bank panel data, they test for the presence of market discipline by studying whether depositors punish risky banks by withdrawing their deposits. They find that across countries and across deposit insurance schemes, market discipline exists even among small insured depositors-who punish risky banks by withdrawing their deposits. Standardized coefficients and variance decomposition of deposits indicate that bank fundamentals are at least as important as other factors affecting deposits. GMM estimates confirm that the results are robust to the potential endo-geneity of bank fundamentals. This paper-a joint product of Finance, Development Research Group and the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and Carribean Region-is part of a larger effort in the Bank to study banking issues affecting developing countries. The study was funded by the LAC Regional Studies Program and by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Deposit Insurance Design and Use (RPO 682-90). The authors may be contacted at mmartinezperiaworldbank.org or sschmukler@worldbank.org
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    Mutual Funds and Institutional Investments : What Is the Most Efficient Way to Set Up Individual Accounts in a Social Security System? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (65 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: James, Estelle Mutual Funds and Institutional Investments
    Keywords: Administrative Costs ; Bank ; Contribution ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Industry ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Sustainability ; Individual Accounts ; Investment ; Investment Companies ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Money Market ; Mutual Fund ; Mutual Funds ; Populations ; Private Sector Development ; Research Assistance ; Retirement ; Retirement Benefits ; Saving ; Social Security ; Administrative Costs ; Bank ; Contribution ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Industry ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Markets ; Financial Sustainability ; Individual Accounts ; Investment ; Investment Companies ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Money Market ; Mutual Fund ; Mutual Funds ; Populations ; Private Sector Development ; Research Assistance ; Retirement ; Retirement Benefits ; Saving ; Social Security
    Abstract: April 1999 - Among three options for constructing funded social security pillars, one system - individual accounts invested in the institutional market, with constrained choice among investment companies - appears to offer reduced administrative and marketing costs, significant worker choice, and more insulation from political interference than a single centralized fund or individual investments in the retail market would offer. One of the main criticisms of the defined-contribution, individual-account components of social security systems is that they are too expensive. James, Ferrier, Smalhout, and Vittas investigate the cost-effectiveness of three options for constructing funded social security pillars: ° Individual accounts invested in the retail market with relatively open choice. ° Individual accounts invested in the institutional market with constrained choice among investment companies. ° A centralized fund without individual accounts or differentiated investments across individuals. The authors asked several questions: What is the most cost-effective way to organize a system with mandatory individual accounts? How does the cost of an efficient individual account system compare with that of a single centralized fund? And are the cost differentials great enough to outweigh other important considerations? The authors concentrate on countries with well-functioning financial markets, such as the United States, but make comparative references to developing countries. Based on empirical evidence about U.S. mutual and institutional funds, the authors found that the retail market (option 1) allows individual investors to benefit from scale economies in asset management-but at the cost of the high marketing expenses needed to attract large pools of small investments. By contrast, a centralized fund (option 3) can be much cheaper because it achieves scale economies without high marketing costs. But it gives workers no choice and is subject to political manipulation and misallocation of capital. The system of constrained choice (option 2) is much cheaper than the retail option and only slightly more expensive than a single centralized fund. It allows scale economies in asset management and record-keeping while incurring low marketing costs and allowing significant worker choice. It is also more effectively insulated from political interference than a single centralized fund. The authors estimate that option 2 would cost only 0.14 percent-0.18 percent of assets annually. Such large administrative cost savings imply a Pareto improvement-so long as choice is not constrained too much. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources and Finance, Development Research Group-was prepared for a National Bureau of Economic Research Conference on Social Security held on December 4, 1998. The authors may be contacted at ejames3worldbank.org or dvittas@worldbank.org
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    The Relative Effects of Skill Formation and Job Matching on Wage Growth in Ethiopia (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (49 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mengistae, Taye The Relative Effects of Skill Formation and Job Matching on Wage Growth in Ethiopia
    Keywords: Earning ; Economic Theory and Research ; Employees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Firm Level ; Human Capital ; Job ; Job Match ; Job Matches ; Job Separation ; Job Skill ; Jobs ; Labor Markets ; Labour ; Labour Market ; Labour Market Experience ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Older Workers ; Political Economy ; Productivity Increase ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Determination ; Wage Rate ; Wage Rates ; Worker ; Workers ; Earning ; Economic Theory and Research ; Employees ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Firm Level ; Human Capital ; Job ; Job Match ; Job Matches ; Job Separation ; Job Skill ; Jobs ; Labor Markets ; Labour ; Labour Market ; Labour Market Experience ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Older Workers ; Political Economy ; Productivity Increase ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Determination ; Wage Rate ; Wage Rates ; Worker ; Workers
    Abstract: April 1999 - Estimated age and job seniority profiles of wages and marginal productivity in Ethiopia suggest that both skill formation and job matching significantly affect growth of wages and productivity over time. However, job matching is by far the more important of the two sources of growth in wages and productivity. Mengistae analyzes production and labor market data for a random selection of small to medium-size firms in Ethiopia to answer two questions: ° Does a worker's marginal productivity increase with time in the labor market or with job seniority, as must be the case if on-the-job skill formation or job matching has anything to do with the dynamics of wages observed in the data? ° Assuming that marginal productivity grows with experience or seniority, is skill formation more or less important than job matching as a source of growth in productivity? The main feature of Mengistae's analysis is the joint regression of the log of the average product of hours in a firm and the log of average hourly earnings of a firm's employees on the shares of experience-seniority cells of workers in total annual hours in the firm. Marginal productivity falls as experience in the labor market passes the 15-year mark, but the expected marginal product of a mobile worker with 16 or more years of experience is still nearly 80 percent higher than that of the base group. The between-jobs growth of hourly wages with potential experience is also large, but not as large as growth in marginal productivity for workers with less than 15 years of experience. Mengistae concludes that job matching is far more important than skill formation as a source of growth in productivity. Net mobility gains account for at least twice the share of the return to skill formation in the observed between-jobs growth of wages with market experience. The rate of return to skills formation is higher in the United States than in Ethiopia. The relative return to skills formation is probably lower in Ethiopia partly because the flow of information about the labor market is more restricted there. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to identify firm-level sources of growth in productivity. The author may be contacted at tmengistaeworldbank.org
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    Can Africa Export Manufactures? : The Role of Endowment, Exchange Rates, and Transaction Costs (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Elbadawi, A. Ibrahim Can Africa Export Manufactures?
    Keywords: Capital Markets ; Comparative Advantage ; Comparative Advantages ; Competitiveness ; Costs ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exports ; Failures ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Human Capital ; Income Elasticity Of Demand ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Resources ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Taxation ; Taxes ; Theory ; Trade ; Variables ; Capital Markets ; Comparative Advantage ; Comparative Advantages ; Competitiveness ; Costs ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exports ; Failures ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Human Capital ; Income Elasticity Of Demand ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Resources ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Taxation ; Taxes ; Theory ; Trade ; Variables
    Abstract: May 1999 - Africa's poor performance in manufactured exports in the 1990s (relative to East Asia) appears to be largely the result of bad policies-especially policies that affect transaction costs. Elbadawi analyzes the determinants of manufactured exports in Africa and other developing countries, guided by three pivotal views on Sub-Saharan Africa's (Africa's) prospects in manufactured exports: ° Adrian Woods holds that Africa cannot have comparative advantage in exports of labor-intensive manufactures (even if broadly defined to include raw material processing) because its natural resources endowment is greater than its human resources endowment (endowment thesis). ° Paul Collier argues that, for most of Africa, unusually high (policy-induced) transaction costs are the main source of Africa's comparative disadvantage in manufactured exports (transaction thesis). ° A third approach (Elbadawi and Helleiner) emphasizes the importance of stable, competitive real exchange rates for profitability of exports in low-income countries (exchange rate-led strategy). Elbadawi tests the implications of these three views with an empirical model of manufactured export performance (manufactured exports' share of GDP), using a panel of 41 countries for 1980-95. His findings: ° Corroborate the predictions of the transaction thesis, in that transaction costs are major determinants of manufactures exports. Investing in reducing these costs generates the highest payoff for export capacity. ° Lend support for the exchange rate-led strategy. After controlling for other factors, ratios of natural resources per worker were not robustly associated with export performance across countries, but this cannot be taken as formal rejection of the endowment thesis - unless one is prepared to assume that manufactured exports' share of GDP was highly correlated with ratios of manufactured to aggregate (or primary) exports. But this is not unlikely. This paper-a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to research manufactures exports' competitiveness. The author may be contacted at ielbadawiworldbank.org
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    Access to Land in Rural India (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (56 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mearns, Robin Access to Land in Rural India
    Keywords: Agrarian Structure ; Agriculture ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Countries ; Farm Size ; Farmland ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Distribution ; Land Markets ; Land Ownership ; Land Records ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Land Registration ; Land Rights ; Land Tenure ; Land Transfers ; Land Use and Policies ; Land and Real Estate Development ; Landlessness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Access To Land ; Public Land ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Agrarian Structure ; Agriculture ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Countries ; Farm Size ; Farmland ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Distribution ; Land Markets ; Land Ownership ; Land Records ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Land Registration ; Land Rights ; Land Tenure ; Land Transfers ; Land Use and Policies ; Land and Real Estate Development ; Landlessness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Public Access To Land ; Public Land ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: May 1999 - Access to land is deeply important in rural India, where the incidence of poverty is highly correlated with lack of access to land. The author provides a framework for assessing alternative approaches to improving access to land by India's rural poor. He considers India's record implementing land reform and identifies an approach that includes incremental reforms in public land administration to reduce transaction costs in land markets (thereby facilitating land transfers) and to increase transparency, making information accessible to the public to ensure that socially excluded groups benefit. Reducing constraints on access to land for the rural poor and socially excluded requires five key issues: restrictions on land-lease markets, the fragmentation of holdings, the widespread failure to translate women's legal rights into practice, poor access to (and encroachment on) the commons, and high transaction costs for land transfers. Among guidelines for policy reform the author suggests: -Selectively deregulate land-lease (rental) markets, because rental markets may be important in giving the poor access to land. -Reduce transaction costs in land markets, including both official costs and informal costs (such as bribes to expedite transactions), partly by improving systems for land registration and management of land records. -Critically reassess land administration agencies and find ways to improve incentive structures, to reduce rent-seeking and base promotions on performance. -Promote women's independent land rights through policy measures to increase women's bargaining power within the household and in society generally. -Improve transparency of land administration and public access to information, to reduce rent-seeking by land administration officers and to strengthen poor people's land rights (and knowledge thereof). -Strengthen institutions in civil society to provide the awareness, monitoring, and pressure needed for successful reform and to provide checks and balances on inappropriate uses of state power. -In a companion paper (WPS 2124) the author addresses these issues at the level of a particular state - Orissa, one of India ' s poorest states - in an empirical study, from a transaction costs perspective, of social exclusion and land administration. This paper - a product of the Rural Development Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to promote access to land and to foster more demand-driven and socially inclusive institutions in rural development
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    Deep Integration, Nondiscrimination, and Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard Deep Integration, Nondiscrimination, and Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade
    Keywords: Bilateral Free Trade Agreement ; Competition Laws ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Clearance ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Regulatory Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Suppliers ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Market Access Costs ; Market Segmentation ; Market Segmenting ; Market Segmenting Effect ; Preferential Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreements ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regionalism ; Regulatory Barriers ; Regulatory Stance ; Safety Regulations ; Tariff ; Tariff Barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Bilateral Free Trade Agreement ; Competition Laws ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Clearance ; Debt Markets ; Domestic Regulatory Policies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Suppliers ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Market Access Costs ; Market Segmentation ; Market Segmenting ; Market Segmenting Effect ; Preferential Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreements ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regionalism ; Regulatory Barriers ; Regulatory Stance ; Safety Regulations ; Tariff ; Tariff Barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration
    Abstract: May 1999 - Preferential trade agreements that are limited to the elimination of tariffs for merchandise trade flows are of limited value at best and may be as easily welfare-reducing as welfare-enhancing. It is important that preferential trade agreements go beyond eliminating tariffs and quotas to eliminating regulatory and red tape costs and opening up service markets to foreign competition. Deep integration-explicit government actions to reduce the market-segmenting effect of domestic regulatory policies through coordination and cooperation-is becoming a major dimension of some regional integration agreements, led by the European Union. Health and safety regulations, competition laws, licensing and certification regimes, and administrative procedures such as customs clearance can affect trade (in ways analogous to nontariff barriers) even though their underlying intent may not be to discriminate against foreign suppliers of goods and services. Whether preferential trade agreements (PTAs) can be justified in a multilateral trading system depends on the extent to which formal intergovernmental agreements are technically necessary to achieve the deep integration needed to make markets more contestable. The more need for formal cooperation, the stronger the case for regional integration. Whether PTAs are justified regionally also depends on whether efforts to reduce market segmentation are applied on a nondiscriminatory basis. If innovations to reduce transaction or market access costs extend to both members and nonmembers of a PTA, regionalism as an instrument of trade and investment becomes more attractive. Using a standard competitive general equilibrium model of the Egyptian economy, Hoekman and Konan find that the static welfare impact of a deep free trade agreement is far greater than the impact that can be expected from a classic shallow agreement. Under some scenarios, welfare may increase by more than 10 percent of GDP, compared with close to zero under a shallow agreement. Given Egypt's highly diversified trading patterns, a shallow PTA with the European Union could be merely diversionary, leading to a small decline in welfare. Egypt already has duty-free access to the European Union for manufactures, so the loss in tariff revenues incurred would outweigh any new trade created. Large gains in welfare from the PTA are conditional on eliminating regulatory barriers and red tape-in which case welfare gains may be substantial: 4 to 20 percent growth in real GNP. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze regional integration agreements. The authors may be contacted at bhoekmanworldbank.org or konan@hawaii.edu
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  • 67
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    Interlinkage, limited liability, and strategic interaction (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (37 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Basu, Kaushik Interlinkage, Limited Liability, and Strategic Interaction
    Keywords: Amount Of Cred Borrower ; Contract Law ; Contracts ; Contractual Obligations ; Credit Contract ; Debt Markets ; Default ; Discount ; Discount Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Instrument ; Instruments ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Limited Liability ; Loan ; Loan Contracts ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Moneylender ; Moral Hazard ; Option ; Risk Aversion ; Risk Neutral ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unlimited Liability ; Amount Of Cred Borrower ; Contract Law ; Contracts ; Contractual Obligations ; Credit Contract ; Debt Markets ; Default ; Discount ; Discount Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Instrument ; Instruments ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Limited Liability ; Loan ; Loan Contracts ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Moneylender ; Moral Hazard ; Option ; Risk Aversion ; Risk Neutral ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unlimited Liability
    Abstract: June 1999 - When will a landlord prefer to supply both land and credit to a tenant rather than allow the lender to borrow from a separate moneylender? The paper shows that if tenancy contracts are obtained prior to contracting with the moneylender, and the tenant has limited liability, interlinked deals will predominate over the alternative situation where the landlord and the moneylender act as noncooperative principals. Basu, Bell, and Bose analyze the example of a landlord, a moneylender, and a tenant (the landlord having access to finance on the same terms as the moneylender). It is natural to assume that the landlord has first claim on the tenant's output (as a rule, if they live in the same village, he may have some say in when the crop is harvested). The moneylender is more of an outsider, not well placed to exercise such a claim. A landless, assetless tenant will typically not get a loan unless he has a tenancy. Without interlinkage, the landlord is likely to move first. In the noncooperative sequential game where the landlord is the first mover and also enjoys seniority of claims if the tenant defaults, interlinkage is superior, even if contracts are nonlinear - a result unchanged with the incorporation of moral hazard. The main result is that if a passive principal - one whose decisions are limited to exercising his property rights to determine his share of returns - is the first mover, allocative efficiency is impaired unless his equilibrium payoffs are uniform across states of nature. The limited liability of the tenant creates the strict superiority of interlinkage by making uniform rents nonoptimal when, with noncollusive principals, the landlord (the passive principal) is the first mover. A change in seniority of claims from the first to the second mover (the moneylender) further strengthens this result. But uniform payoffs for the first mover are not essential for allocative efficiency if he is the only principal with a continuously variable instrument of control. So, the main result is sensitive to changes in the order of play but not to changes in the priority of claims. This paper - a product of the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand the institutional structure of rural markets and its welfare implications. The authors may be contacted at kbasuworldbank.org, clive.bell@urz.uni-heidelberg.de, or psbose@cc.memphis.edu
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-2134
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  • 68
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    An Empirical Analysis of Competition, Privatization, and Regulation in Telecommunications Markets in Africa and Latin America (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wallsten, Scott An Empirical Analysis of Competition, Privatization, and Regulation in Telecommunications Markets in Africa and Latin America
    Keywords: Telekommunikation ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Privatisierung ; Deregulierung ; Afrika ; Lateinamerika ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business ; Business Services ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Institutions ; Knowledge Economy ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Performance ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Regulation ; Reliability ; Results ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Telecom ; Telecommunication ; Telecommunication Reforms ; Telecommunications ; Telephone ; Telephone Connections ; Telephone Service ; Telephones ; User ; Users ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business ; Business Services ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Institutions ; Knowledge Economy ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Performance ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Regulation ; Reliability ; Results ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Telecom ; Telecommunication ; Telecommunication Reforms ; Telecommunications ; Telephone ; Telephone Connections ; Telephone Service ; Telephones ; User ; Users
    Abstract: June 1999 - Empirical analysis of telecommunications reforms in 30 African and Latin American countries yields results largely consistent with conventional wisdom. Competition seems to be the most successful change agent, so granting even temporary monopolies may delay the arrival of better services to consumers. Reformers are correct to emphasize that regulatory reform accompany privatization, as privatization without regulation reform may be costly to consumers. Wallsten explores the effects of privatization, competition, and regulation on telecommunications performance in 30 African and Latin American countries from 1984 through 1997. Competition is associated with tangible benefits in terms of mainline penetration, number of pay phones, connection capacity, and reduced prices. Fixed-effects regressions reveal that competition-measured by mobile operators not owned by the incumbent telecommunications provider-is correlated with increases in the per capita number of mainlines, pay phones, and connection capacity, and with decreases in the price of local calls. Privatizing an incumbent is negatively correlated with mainline penetration and connection capacity. Privatization combined with regulation by an independent regulator, however, is positively correlated with connection capacity and substantially mitigates privatization's negative correlation with mainline penetration. Reformers are right to emphasize a combination of privatization, competition, and regulation. But researchers must explore the permutations of regulation: What type of regulation do countries adopt (price caps versus cost-of-service, for example)? How does the regulatory agency work? What is its annual budget? How many employees does it have? Where do the regulators come from? What sort of training and experience do they have? What enforcement powers does the regulatory agency have? In addition, researchers must deal with endogeneity of privatization, competition, and regulation to deal with issues of causality. This paper-a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group-is part of a larger research effort to analyze the role of competition in telecommunications with special emphasis on Africa. The author may be contacted at wallstenstanford.edu
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    A New Database on Financial Development and Structure (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (67 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Levine, Ross A New Database on Financial Development and Structure
    Keywords: Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Commercial Banks ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Law and Development ; Money ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Ownership ; Pension ; Pension Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Stock Market ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bond ; Bond Markets ; Commercial Banks ; Corporate Law ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Equity Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediaries ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Financial Systems ; Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Law and Development ; Money ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Ownership ; Pension ; Pension Funds ; Private Sector Development ; Stock ; Stock Market
    Abstract: July 1999 - This new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time unites a range of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Levine introduce a new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time. This database is unique in that it unites a variety of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. It improves on previous efforts by presenting data on the public share of commercial banks, by introducing indicators of the size and activity of nonbank financial institutions, and by presenting measures of the size of bond and primary equity markets. The compiled data permit the construction of financial structure indicators to measure whether, for example, a country's banks are larger, more active, and more efficient than its stock markets. These indicators can then be used to investigate the empirical link between the legal, regulatory, and policy environment and indicators of financial structure. They can also be used to analyze the implications of financial structure for economic growth. Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Levine describe the sources and construction of, and the intuition behind, different indicators and present descriptive statistics. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a broader effort in the group to understand the determinants of financial structure and its importance to economic development. The authors may be contacted at tbeckworldbank.org, ademirguckunt@worldbank.org, or rlevine@csom.umn.edu
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  • 70
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    How Has Regionalism in the 1990s Affected Trade? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Soloaga, Isidro How Has Regionalism in the 1990s Affected Trade?
    Keywords: Andean Pact ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Extra-Bloc Trade ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Area ; Geographical Patterns Of Trade ; Gravity Equation ; Gravity Model ; Gravity Models ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Patterns Of Trade ; Preferential Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreements ; Preferential Trade Area ; Public Sector Development ; Regionalism ; Trade ; Trade Diversion ; Trade Effects ; Trade Flows ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Policy ; Andean Pact ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Exports ; Extra-Bloc Trade ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Area ; Geographical Patterns Of Trade ; Gravity Equation ; Gravity Model ; Gravity Models ; International Economics & Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Patterns Of Trade ; Preferential Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreements ; Preferential Trade Area ; Public Sector Development ; Regionalism ; Trade ; Trade Diversion ; Trade Effects ; Trade Flows ; Trade Law ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: August 1999 - The results of a modified gravity model suggest that the new wave of regionalism has not boosted intra-bloc trading significantly. Trade liberalization in Latin America did have a positive impact on the imports of bloc members, although MERCOSUR's exports did poorly over the mid-1990s. Soloaga and Winters apply a gravity model to data on annual nonfuel imports for 58 countries for the years 1980-96, to quantify the effects on trade of recently created or revamped preferential trade agreements (PTAs). They modify the usual gravity equation to identify the separate effects of PTAs on intra-bloc trade, members' total imports, and members' total exports. They also formally test the significance of changes in the estimated coefficients before and after the blocs' formation. Their estimates give no indication that the new wave of regionalism boosted intra-bloc trade significantly. They found convincing evidence of trade diversion only for the European Union and the European Free Trade Association. For the same blocs they also observed export diversion, which would be consistent with these blocs' imposing a welfare cost on the rest of the world. Trade liberalization efforts in Latin America have had a positive impact on the imports of bloc members (Andean Group, Central American Common Market, Latin American Integration Association, and MERCOSUR). Increasing propensities to export generally accompanied increasing propensities to import, suggesting that general trade liberalization had a strong effect. The exception was MERCOSUR, for which import and export propensities displayed opposite movements, with exports performing worse than expected over the mid-1990s. Although MERCOSUR members have undoubtedly liberalized since the mid-1980s, these results suggest that their trade performance has been influenced more by competitiveness than by trade policy. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effects of regional integration. The authors may be contacted at isoloagaworldbank.org or l.a.winters@sussex.ac.uk
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  • 71
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    Will the Real Natural Trading Partner Please Stand Up? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schiff, Maurice Will the Real Natural Trading Partner Please Stand Up?
    Keywords: Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Unions ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Trade ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreements ; Free Trade Areas ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Perfect Competition ; Preferential Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreement ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regional Trade ; Tariff ; Tariff Revenues ; Trade ; Trade Creation ; Trade Diversion ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transport Costs ; Volume Of Trade ; World Trade ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Customs Unions ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Trade ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Free Trade Agreements ; Free Trade Areas ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Perfect Competition ; Preferential Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreement ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Regional Integration ; Regional Trade ; Tariff ; Tariff Revenues ; Trade ; Trade Creation ; Trade Diversion ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade Policy ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transport Costs ; Volume Of Trade ; World Trade
    Abstract: August 1999 - Adherents of the natural trading partner hypothesis argue that preferential trade agreements are more likely to improve welfare if participating countries already trade disproportionately with each other. Opponents argue the opposite. Neither side is right. The hypothesis holds up only if two countries are natural trading partners in the sense that one country tends to import what the other exports. Adherents of the natural trading partner hypothesis argue that preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are more likely to improve welfare if participating countries already trade disproportionately with each other. Opponents of the hypothesis claim that the opposite is true: welfare gains are likely to be greater if participating countries trade less with each other. Schiff shows that neither analysis is correct. The natural trading partner hypothesis can be rescued if it is redefined in terms of complementarity or substitutability in the trade relations of countries, rather than in terms of their volume of trade. Schiff asks not whether a country should form or join a trading bloc but which partner or partners it should select if it does join such a bloc. He shows that the pre-PTA volume of trade is not a useful criterion for selecting a partner. The pre-PTA volume is equal to zero if the partner is an importer of the good sold to the home country and it is indeterminate if the partner is an exporter of that good. Among Schiff's conclusions: ° The home country is better off with a large partner country. First, a large partner is more likely to satisfy the home country's import demand at the world price. Second, the home country is likely to gain more on its exports to a large partner country, because that partner is likely to continue importing from the world market after formation of the trading bloc. And since the partner charges a tariff on imports from the world market, the home country is more likely to improve its terms of trade by selling to the partner at the higher tariff-inclusive price if the partner is large. ° The PTA as a whole is likely to be better off if each country imports what the other exports (rather than each country importing what the other imports). Losses are similar but less likely, while gains are both more likely and the same or larger. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of regional integration. The author may be contacted at mschiffworldbank.org
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  • 72
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    Social Capital and the State : Complementarity and Substitution (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Narayan, Deepa Social Capital and the State
    Keywords: Civil Society ; Civil Society Organizations ; Community ; Community Development and Empowerment ; Corruption ; Disability ; Economic Development ; Education ; Education and Society ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Full Participation ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income ; Indicators ; Institutions ; National Governance ; Participation ; Policy Implications ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Service ; Service Delivery ; Social Activities ; Social Capital ; Social Cohesion ; Social Development ; Social Development ; Social Groups ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Social Justice ; Social Protections and Labor ; Civil Society ; Civil Society Organizations ; Community ; Community Development and Empowerment ; Corruption ; Disability ; Economic Development ; Education ; Education and Society ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Full Participation ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income ; Indicators ; Institutions ; National Governance ; Participation ; Policy Implications ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Service ; Service Delivery ; Social Activities ; Social Capital ; Social Cohesion ; Social Development ; Social Development ; Social Groups ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Social Justice ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: August 1999 - Whatever their nature, interventions to reduce poverty should be designed not only to have an immediate impact on poverty, but also to foster a rich network of cross-cutting ties within society and between society's formal and informal institutions. Using the lens of social capital - especially bridging or cross-cutting ties that cut across social groups and between social groups and government - provides new insights into policy design. Solidarity within social groups creates ties (bonding social capital) that bring people and resources together. In unequal societies, ties that cut across groups (bridging social capital) are essential for social cohesion and for poverty reduction. The nature of interaction between state and society is characterized as complementarity and substitution. When states are functional, the informal and formal work well together - for example, government support for community-based development. When states become dysfunctional, the informal institutions become a substitute and are reduced to serving a defensive or survival function. To move toward economic and social well-being, states must support inclusive development. Investments in the organizational capacity of the poor are critical. Interventions are also required to foster bridging ties across social groups - ethnic, religious, caste, or racial groups. Such interventions can stem from the state, private sector, or civil society and include: ° Changes in rules to include groups previously excluded from formal systems of finance, education, and governance, at all levels. ° Political pluralism and citizenship rights. ° Fairness before the law for all social groups. ° Availability of public spaces that bring social groups together. ° Infrastructure that eases communication. ° Education, media, and public information policies that reinforce norms and values of tolerance and diversity. This paper - a product of the Poverty Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the role of social capital. The author may be contacted at dnarayanworldbank.org
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  • 73
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    Jamaica's Food Stamp Program : Impacts on Poverty and Welfare (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ezemenari, Kene Jamaica's Food Stamp Program
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector ; Dates ; Debt Markets ; Farm-Gate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food ; Food Consumption ; Food Policy ; Food Price ; Food Stamps ; Food Subsidies ; Food Subsidy ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Incidence Of Poverty ; Industry ; Milk ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Gap ; Poverty Impact ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction Strategies ; Poverty Severity ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rice ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Safety Net ; Safety Nets ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Small Area Estimation Poverty Mapping ; Urban Partnerships and Poverty ; Agricultural Sector ; Dates ; Debt Markets ; Farm-Gate ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food ; Food Consumption ; Food Policy ; Food Price ; Food Stamps ; Food Subsidies ; Food Subsidy ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Incidence Of Poverty ; Industry ; Milk ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Gap ; Poverty Impact ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction Strategies ; Poverty Severity ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rice ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Safety Net ; Safety Nets ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Small Area Estimation Poverty Mapping ; Urban Partnerships and Poverty
    Abstract: Without the food stamp program, the poverty gap in Jamaica would have been much worse during the early 1990s, when the Jamaican dollar was being devalued. Households with elderly members and young children benefited most from the program. - Ezemenari and Subbarao examine how the food stamp program affected measures of poverty during devaluation of the Jamaican dollar in the early 1990s. They find that without the food stamp program, the poverty gap in Jamaica would have been much worse, especially in 1990 and 1991. For the country as a whole, not having a food stamp program wouldn't have affected the incidence of poverty significantly, but particular groups among the poor would have fared worse. Households with elderly residents benefited most from the program. Households with young children benefited more than households without, in terms of the poverty headcount and gap. The program also appears to have had more effect on extremely poor households than on those of the transient poor (people who move in and out of poverty). Explicitly incorporating behavioral responses into the model reduces the contribution of food stamps to household consumption and poverty, but the poorest benefited most from the program even after accounting for behavioral responses. The program contributed more to reducing poverty than to smoothing consumption. This paper - a product of the Poverty Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - was presented at the World Bank Institute workshop Evaluating the Impact of Development Interventions: Concepts, Methods and Cases, December 9-10, 1998. The authors may be contacted at kezemenariworldbank.org or ksubbarao@worldbank.org
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    The Slippery Slope : Explaining the Increase in Extreme Poverty in Urban Brazil, 1976 96 (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (78 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Barros, de Paes Ricardo The Slippery Slope
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Formal Safety Nets ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Composition ; Household Income ; Household Per Capita Income ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Measures ; Poor ; Poor Households ; Population Policies ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Indices ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Formal Safety Nets ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Composition ; Household Income ; Household Per Capita Income ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Measures ; Poor ; Poor Households ; Population Policies ; Poverty Incidence ; Poverty Indices ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment
    Abstract: October 1999 - During the turbulent years 1976-96, aggregate data for Brazil appear to show only small changes in mean income, inequality, and incidence of poverty - suggesting little change in the distribution of income. But a small group of urban households - excluded from formal labor markets and safety nets - was trapped in indigence. Based on welfare measured in terms of income alone, the poorest part of urban Brazil has experienced two lost decades. Despite tremendous macroeconomic instability in Brazil, the country's distributions of urban income in 1976 and 1996 appear, at first glance, deceptively similar. Mean household income per capita was stagnant, with minute accumulated growth (4.3 percent) over the two decades. The Gini coefficient hovered just above 0.59 in both years, and the incidence of poverty (relative to a poverty line of R
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  • 75
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    Fiscal Solvency and Sustainability in Economic Management (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Dinh, T. Hinh Fiscal Solvency and Sustainability in Economic Management
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Budget Defic Debt Service ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Adjustment ; Fiscal Defic Fiscal Effort ; Fiscal Policy ; Income Inequalities ; Income Levels ; International Financial Institutions ; Levy ; Long Term Debt ; Macroeconomic Policies ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Poverty ; Private Sector Development ; Solvency ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Budget ; Budget Defic Debt Service ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Fiscal Adjustment ; Fiscal Defic Fiscal Effort ; Fiscal Policy ; Income Inequalities ; Income Levels ; International Financial Institutions ; Levy ; Long Term Debt ; Macroeconomic Policies ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Poverty ; Private Sector Development ; Solvency
    Abstract: October 1999 - In a financially integrated world, it is misleading to assess fiscal performance separate from other aspects of economic development. The framework proposed here can help assess fiscal performance over time and across countries and point to a pace of fiscal adjustment consistent with a country's economic and social objectives. Fiscal policy is central to a country's economic and social objectives, from macroeconomic stability to sustainable growth and poverty reduction. But evaluations of a country's fiscal performance, over time or relative to other countries, are often conducted independent of other development objectives, disregarding the links between fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies. A budget deficit of 4 percent of GDP, for example, may be acceptable in one country but not in another, because of different initial conditions and policy priorities. In the same country, a level of fiscal deficit may be acceptable one year but not the next, depending on developments and changes in policy objectives. Dinh argues for assessing fiscal performance (1) as part of the entire framework of economic policy, (2) against a policy objective, (3) by taking into account both short- and long-term considerations, and (4) with an eye to the quality of adjustment (whether there are income inequalities or other social issues, for example) as well as its magnitude. The approach he proposes for assessing country fiscal performance requires a minimum of data and takes into account flow and stock variables on internal and external debt. The approach addresses the shortcomings of conventional analysis by incorporating the debt dynamics and other macroeconomic targets of growth, inflation, and external and internal debt. While its theoretical foundation is well known in the literature, this approach has not been adapted for assessing fiscal performance either over time or across countries, and he discusses practical issues arising from this adaptation. Dinh proposes two indicators to measure fiscal adjustment efforts: · Fiscal solvency adjustment, which measures how far additional fiscal efforts must be taken to restore solvency to the fiscal sector. · Fiscal sustainability adjustment, which measures how far additional fiscal efforts must be taken to maintain the ratios of internal and external debt to output. Dinh applies the proposed framework to evaluate recent fiscal performance in three countries - Argentina, India, and Zambia - each with a different income level and located on a different continent. The countries were selected on the basis of recent World Bank economic work using the proposed approach or an equivalent. Dinh finds the proposed approach useful for identifying key fiscal issues, for assessing the adequacy and pace of fiscal adjustment consistent with the overall economic and social objectives, and for highlighting the tradeoffs between policy initiatives. Sound fiscal policy is crucial for macroeconomic stability. When fiscal issues are under control, it is easier to coordinate other policies. When fiscal issues are part of the problem, the tradeoffs between policy outcomes become pronounced, and economic management, including the management of capital flows, becomes much more difficult. This paper is a product of Macroeconomics 1, Africa Technical Families. The author may be contacted at hdinhworldbank.org
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  • 76
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    Implementation of Uruguay Round Commitments : The Development Challenge (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (59 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Finger, Michael J Implementation of Uruguay Round Commitments
    Keywords: Agricultural Products ; Agricultural Sector ; Customs ; Customs Administration and Reform ; Customs Procedures ; Customs Valuation ; Debt Markets ; Differential Treatment ; Dispute Settlement ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Intellectual Property ; Intellectual Property Rights ; International Community ; International Conventions ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trading System ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quantitative Restrictions ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff Reductions ; Trade ; Trade Barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Trade Restrictions ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Agricultural Products ; Agricultural Sector ; Customs ; Customs Administration and Reform ; Customs Procedures ; Customs Valuation ; Debt Markets ; Differential Treatment ; Dispute Settlement ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Intellectual Property ; Intellectual Property Rights ; International Community ; International Conventions ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; International Trading System ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Quantitative Restrictions ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff Reductions ; Trade ; Trade Barriers ; Trade Law ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Trade Restrictions ; Trade and Regional Integration
    Abstract: October 1999 - At the Uruguay Round, developing countries took on obligations not only to reduce trade barriers but also to undertake significant reforms of regulations and trade procedures. The Round did not, however, take into account the cost of implementing these reforms - a full year's development budget for many of the least developed countries - nor did it ask whether the money might be more productive in other development uses. At the Uruguay Round, developing countries took on unprecedented obligations not only to reduce trade barriers but to implement significant reforms both of trade procedures (including import licensing procedures and customs valuation) and of many areas of regulation that establish the basic business environment in the domestic economy (including intellectual property law and technical, sanitary, and phytosanitary standards. This will cost substantial amounts of money. World Bank project experience in areas covered by the agreements suggests that an entire year's development budget is at stake in many of the least developed countries. Institutions in these areas are weak in developing countries, and would benefit from strengthening and reform. But Finger and Schuler's analysis indicates that the obligations reflect little awareness of development problems and little appreciation for the capacities of the least developed countries to carry out the functions that these reforms of regulations and trade procedures address. The content of these obligations can be characterized as the advanced countries saying to the others, Do it my way! Moreover, these developing countries had limited capacity to participate in the Uruguay Round negotiations, so the process has generated no sense of ownership of the reforms to which membership in the World Trade Organization obligates them. From their perspective, the implementation exercise has been imposed imperially, with little concern for what it will cost, how it will be carried out, or whether it will support their development efforts. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to support effective developing country participation in the WTO system. This research was supported by the global and regional trust fund component of the World Bank/Netherlands Partnership Program. Michael Finger may be contacted at jfingerworldbank.org
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  • 77
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    The Effect of the United States' Granting Most Favored Nation Status to Vietnam (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Martin, Will The Effect of the United States' Granting Most Favored Nation Status to Vietnam
    Keywords: Agribusiness and Markets ; Agricultural Commodities ; Apparel ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export Competitiveness ; Exporters ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Free Trade ; General Equilibrium Model ; High Tariffs ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Metal Products ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Tariff ; Tariff Data ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff Schedule ; Tariffs ; Terms Of Trade ; Trade ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Patterns ; Trade Policy ; Welfare Gains ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization ; Agribusiness and Markets ; Agricultural Commodities ; Apparel ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export Competitiveness ; Exporters ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Food and Beverage Industry ; Free Trade ; General Equilibrium Model ; High Tariffs ; Industry ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Metal Products ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Tariff ; Tariff Data ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff Schedule ; Tariffs ; Terms Of Trade ; Trade ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Patterns ; Trade Policy ; Welfare Gains ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: November 1999 - If the United States grants Vietnam most favored nation status, both countries would benefit. Vietnamese exports to the United States would more than double, and Vietnam would gain substantial welfare benefits from improved market access and increased availability of imports. For the United States, lowering the current high tariffs against Vietnam would improve welfare by reducing costly diversion away from Vietnamese products. Since the U.S. embargo on trade with Vietnam was lifted in 1994, exports from Vietnam to the United States have risen dramatically. However, Vietnam remains one of the few countries to which the United States has not yet granted most favored nation (MFN) status. The general tariff rates that the United States imposes average 35 percent compared with 4.9 percent for the MFN rate. Granting MFN status to Vietnam would improve its terms of trade and help improve the efficiency of resource allocation in the country. Better access to the U.S. market would increase the volume of Vietnamese exports to the United States and the prices received for them while also reducing their costs to U.S. users. Fukase and Martin use a computable general equilibrium model to examine the effects of reducing U.S. tariffs on Vietnamese imports from general rates to MFN rates. They estimate tariff changes using the U.S. tariff schedule for 1997 weighted by Vietnam's exports to the United States. The results suggest that after a change to MFN status for Vietnam, its exports to the United States would more than double, from the 1996 baseline of
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  • 78
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    Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schiff, Maurice Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital
    Keywords: Bonds ; Capital ; Cred Economic Performance ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalities ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Production Function ; Production Functions ; Public Good ; Social Capital ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Barriers ; Transactions Costs ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Unemployment ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Voters ; Welfare ; Bonds ; Capital ; Cred Economic Performance ; Debt Markets ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Equilibrium ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Liquidity ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Negative Externalities ; Population Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Production Function ; Production Functions ; Public Good ; Social Capital ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Barriers ; Transactions Costs ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Unemployment ; Utility ; Utility Function ; Voters ; Welfare
    Abstract: November 1999 - Social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility. Because labor mobility generates a negative externality, integration of labor markets results in too much mobility, too low a level of social capital, and an ambiguous effect on welfare. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration because it reduces mobility and the negative externality associated with it. Labor market integration is typically assumed to improve welfare in the absence of distortions, because it allows labor to move to where returns are highest. Schiff examines this result in a simple general equilibrium model in the presence of a common property resource: social capital. Drawing on evidence that social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility, Schiff's main findings are that: · Labor market integration imposes a negative externality and need not raise welfare. · The welfare impact is more beneficial (or less harmful) the greater the difference in endowments is between the integrating regions. · Whether positive or negative, the welfare impact is larger the more similar the levels of social capital of the integrating regions are and the lower the migration costs are. · Trade liberalization generates an additional benefit-over and above the standard gains from trade - by reducing labor mobility and the negative externality associated with it. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration. · The creation of new private or public institutions in response to labor market integration may reduce welfare. Schiff shows that the welfare implications depend on two parameters of the model, the curvature of the utility function and the cost of private migration. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the link between market performance and welfare. The author may be contacted at mschiffworldbank.org
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  • 79
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    How Did Highly Indebted Poor Countries Become Highly Indebted? : Reviewing Two Decades of Debt Relief (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Easterly, William How Did Highly Indebted Poor Countries Become Highly Indebted?
    Keywords: Amount Of Debt ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Debt Payment ; Debt Relief ; Debt Service ; Debt Servicing ; Debt-Service ; Default ; Discount ; Discount Rate ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Debt ; Foreign Loan ; Foreign Loans ; Forgiveness ; Good ; Indebted Countries ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Productive Investments ; Strategic Debt Management ; Third World Debt ; Amount Of Debt ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Commercial Banks ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt ; Debt Markets ; Debt Payment ; Debt Relief ; Debt Service ; Debt Servicing ; Debt-Service ; Default ; Discount ; Discount Rate ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Debt ; Foreign Loan ; Foreign Loans ; Forgiveness ; Good ; Indebted Countries ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Productive Investments ; Strategic Debt Management ; Third World Debt
    Abstract: November 1999 - Theoretical models predict that countries with unchanged long-run savings preferences will respond to debt relief by running up new debts or by running down assets. And there are some signs that incremental debt relief over the past two decades has fulfilled those predictions. Debt relief is futile for countries with unchanged long-run savings preferences. How did highly indebted poor countries become highly indebted after two decades of debt relief efforts? A set of theoretical models predict that countries with unchanged long-run savings preferences will respond to debt relief with a mixture of asset decumulation and new borrowing. A model also predicts that a high-discount-rate government will choose poor policies and impose its intertemporal preferences on the entire economy. Reviewing the experience of highly indebted poor countries, compared with that of other developing countries, Easterly finds direct and indirect evidence of asset decumulation and new borrowing associated with debt relief. The ratio of the net present value of debt to exports rose strongly over 1979-97 despite the debt relief efforts. Average policies in highly indebted poor countries were generally worse than those in other developing countries, controlling for income. The trend for terms of trade was no different in highly indebted poor countries than in other developing countries, not were wars more likely in highly indebted poor countries. Over time there has been an important shift in financing for highly indebted poor countries, away from private and bilateral nonconcessional sources to the International Development Association and other sources of multilateral concessional financing. But this implicit form of debt relief also failed to reduce debt in net present value terms. Although debt relief is done in the name of the poor, the poor are worse off if debt relief creates incentives to delay reforms needed for growth. This paper - a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effectiveness of aid for growth. The author may be contacted at weasterlyworldbank.org
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  • 80
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    The Sri Lankan Unemployment Problem Revisited (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (52 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Rama, Martin The Sri Lankan Unemployment Problem Revisited
    Keywords: Educational Attainment ; Export Processing Zones ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; High Unemployment ; High Unemployment Rate ; Job ; Job Security ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Participants ; Labor Market Policies ; Labor Markets ; Labor Study ; Management ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Activities ; Public Sector Jobs ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployed ; Unemployment ; Unemployment Problem ; Unemployment Rates ; Educational Attainment ; Export Processing Zones ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; High Unemployment ; High Unemployment Rate ; Job ; Job Security ; Labor ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Market Participants ; Labor Market Policies ; Labor Markets ; Labor Study ; Management ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Activities ; Public Sector Jobs ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployed ; Unemployment ; Unemployment Problem ; Unemployment Rates
    Abstract: November 1999 - Unemployment in Sri Lanka is largely voluntary. The underlying problem is not a shortage of jobs but the artificial gap between good jobs and bad ones. Policy efforts should be aimed at reducing the gap between good and bad jobs by making product markets more competitive, reducing excessive job security, and reforming government policies on pay and employment. Sri Lanka's high unemployment rate has been attributed to a mismatch of skills, to queuing for public sector jobs, and to stringent job security regulations. But the empirical evidence supporting these explanations is weak. Rama takes a fresh look at the country's unemployment problem, using individual records from the 1995 Labor Force Survey and time series for wages in the economy's formal and informal sectors. He assesses, and rejects, the skills mismatch hypothesis by comparing the impact of educational attainment on the actual wages of those who have a job with the effect on the lowest acceptable wages of the unemployed. However, he finds substantial rents associated with jobs in the public sector and in private sector activities protected by high tariffs or covered by job security regulations. A time-series analysis of the impact of unemployment on wage increases across sectors supports the hypothesis that most of the unemployed are waiting for good job openings but are not interested in readily available bad jobs. In short, unemployment in Sri Lanka is largely voluntary. The problem is not a shortage of jobs but the artificial gap between good and bad jobs. Policy efforts should be aimed at reducing the gap between good and bad jobs by making product markets more competitive, by reducing excessive job security, and by reforming government policies on pay and employment. This paper was written as part of a broader labor study undertaken by the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region. The study was also supported by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project The Impact of Labor Market Policies and Institutions on Economic Performance (RPO 680-96). The author may be contacted at mramaworldbank.org
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  • 81
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    Market Access Advances and Retreats : The Uruguay Round and Beyond (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (80 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Finger, Michael J Market Access Advances and Retreats
    Keywords: Agricultural Products ; Agricultural Trade ; Antidumping ; Antidumping Cases ; Border Protection ; Concessions ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Industrial Products ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Law and Development ; Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Quantitative Restrictions ; Reciprocal Concessions ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff ; Tariff Concessions ; Tariff Levels ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff Reductions ; Tariffs ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade Restrictions ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization ; Agricultural Products ; Agricultural Trade ; Antidumping ; Antidumping Cases ; Border Protection ; Concessions ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Industrial Products ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade and Trade Rules ; Law and Development ; Market Access ; Public Sector Development ; Quantitative Restrictions ; Reciprocal Concessions ; Rules of Origin ; Tariff ; Tariff Concessions ; Tariff Levels ; Tariff Rates ; Tariff Reductions ; Tariffs ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade Restrictions ; World Trade ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: Uruguay Round negotiations on market access were a success. Tariff cuts covered a larger share of world trade than those of the Kennedy or Tokyo Rounds and will save importers some
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  • 82
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    The Green Revolution and the Productivity Paradox : Evidence from the Indian Punjab (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Murgai, Rinku The Green Revolution and the Productivity Paradox
    Keywords: Agricultural Production ; Agricultural Research ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Cotton ; Crop ; Cropping ; Cropping Systems ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Development Research ; Drought Management ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farmers ; Green Revolution ; Hybrid Seed ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Irrigation and Drainage ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Maize ; Markets ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rice ; Seed Varieties ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Technology Adoption ; Water Resources ; Wheat ; Agricultural Production ; Agricultural Research ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Cotton ; Crop ; Cropping ; Cropping Systems ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Development Research ; Drought Management ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Farmers ; Green Revolution ; Hybrid Seed ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Irrigation and Drainage ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Maize ; Markets ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rice ; Seed Varieties ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Technology Adoption ; Water Resources ; Wheat
    Abstract: In assessing new technologies, policy-makers should allow time between the adoption of the technologies and the realization of productivity gains attributable to them. Productivity growth was much lower than might be expected during the green revolution in the Indian Punjab but improved as learning processes took effect and resource management and the use of inputs became more efficient.Murgai provides district-level estimates of the contribution of technical change to agricultural output growth in the Indian Punjab from 1960 to 1993. Contrary to widespread belief, productivity growth in the Punjab was surprisingly low during the green revolution (in the mid-1960s), when modern hybrid seed varieties were being adopted. It improved later, after adoption of the new varieties was essentially complete. Murgai proposes three reasons for this pattern: · The standard measure of total factor productivity overstates the contribution of capital to output growth at the expense of the productivity residual. High-yielding varieties introduced in the 1960s helped spur output growth by making crops responsive to water and fertilizer, which not only allowed but indeed encouraged far greater use of capital inputs. This increase in the elasticity of the output response to capital inputs is incorporated into the index of factor accumulation and therefore excluded from the measure of total factor productivity growth. As a result, the contribution of technical change to growth in Punjab's agriculture during the green revolution is probably underestimated. · The overstatement of the capital contribution during the green revolution is exacerbated by indivisibilities in capital inputs. · Productivity growth did not come from the adoption of modern varieties alone. Improved resource management and public investment in infrastructure also helped improve productivity. This paper - a product of Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the determinants and impact of technology adoption and productivity growth in agriculture. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Productivity and Sustainability of Irrigated Systems in South Asia (RPO 680-34). The author may be contacted at rmurgaiworldbank.org
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  • 83
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    Productivity Growth, Capital Accumulation, and the Banking Sector : Some Lessons from Malaysia (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ghani, Ejaz Productivity Growth, Capital Accumulation, and the Banking Sector
    Keywords: Accounting ; Accounting Framework ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital ; Capital Employed ; Cred Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Exchange ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Lending ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Productivity ; Projects ; Risk ; Risk Management ; Savings ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wages ; Accounting ; Accounting Framework ; Bank ; Banking ; Banking Sector ; Banking System ; Banks ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital ; Capital Employed ; Cred Debt ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Exchange ; Labor ; Labor Policies ; Lending ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Productivity ; Projects ; Risk ; Risk Management ; Savings ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wages
    Abstract: How did the East Asian miracle turn into one of the worst financial crises of the century? A case study of Malaysia provides some answers. - How did the East Asian miracle turn into one of the worst financial crises of the century? Ghani and Suri address the question using Malaysia as a case study. Many discussions of the East Asian crisis address proximate and short-run causes of the crisis, such as the current account deficit, exchange rate misalignment, and disproportionate short-run external debt relative to foreign exchange reserves. These indicators of vulnerability are themselves endogenous outcomes of deeper institutional features. Ghani and Suri argue that some long-term features of the development strategy that helped sustain high growth in the first place also contributed to the economy's increasing vulnerability. High output growth was driven by rapid growth in capital stock, for example. The banking sector played a critical role in transforming (and accelerating the transformation of) large savings into capital accumulation. But the banking sector may not have been allocating capital efficiently. Ghani and Suri find that the rapid growth in bank lending in Malaysia is negatively associated with total factor productivity growth. On the other hand, the economy's other structural strengths, such as openness to foreign direct investment and technology, helped improve productivity growth. Malaysia's exceptional growth record over the past quarter century was driven largely by the growth in physical capital stock. Total factor productivity growth may have slowed in the late 1990s, and sustaining high output growth will require greater emphasis on productivity improvements. Policies that encouraged the flow of foreign direct investment and better access to imported capital goods contributed to productivity growth. But rapid growth in bank lending relative to GDP may have slowed it. How policymakers can best slow the growth of credit is a question that remains unanswered. This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to better understand past and future sources of growth. The authors may be contacted at eghaniworldbank.org or vsuri@worldbank.org
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  • 84
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    How Inadequate Provision of Public Infrastructure and Services Affects Private Investment (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Reinikka, Ritva How Inadequate Provision of Public Infrastructure and Services Affects Private Investment
    Keywords: Bottlenecks ; Capital Stock ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Equipment ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; IRU ; Infrastructure ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment Rate ; Investment Rates ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; M1 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Prof Standard Errors ; Roads and Highways ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistics ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transport ; Vdu ; Bottlenecks ; Capital Stock ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Employment ; Equipment ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; IRU ; Infrastructure ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment Rate ; Investment Rates ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; M1 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Prof Standard Errors ; Roads and Highways ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistics ; Tax ; Taxes ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Transport ; Vdu
    Abstract: Evidence from Uganda shows that poor public provision of infrastructure services - proxied by an unreliable and inadequate power supply - significantly reduces productive private investment. - Lack of private investment is a serious policy problem in many developing countries, especially in Africa. Despite recent structural reform and stabilization, the investment response to date has been mixed, even among the strongest reformers. The role of poor infrastructure and deficient public services has received little attention in the economic literature, where the effect of public spending and investment on growth is shown to be at best ambiguous. Reinikka and Svensson use unique microeconomic evidence to show the effects of poor infrastructure services on private investment in Uganda. They find that poor public capital, proxied by an unreliable and inadequate power supply, significantly reduces productive private investment. Firms can substitute for inadequate provision of public capital by investing in it themselves. This comes at a cost, however: the installation of less productive capital. These results have clear policy implications. Although macroeconomic reforms and stabilization are necessary conditions for sustained growth and private investment, without an accompanying improvement in the public sector's performance, the private supply response to macroeconomic policy reform is likely to remain limited. This paper - a product of Public Economics and Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study public service delivery and economic growth. The authors may be contacted at rreinikkaworldbank.org or jsvensson@worldbank.org
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  • 85
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    Malaria and Growth (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: McCarthy, Desmond F Malaria and Growth
    Keywords: Anopheles Mosquitoes ; Climate Change ; Communicable Diseases ; Disability ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Diseases ; Early Child and Children's Health ; Effects ; Environment ; Females ; Health ; Health Indicators ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Illnesses ; Impact Of Malaria ; Life ; Malaria ; Malaria ; Malaria Incidence ; Malaria Morbidity ; Malaria Mortality ; Medical Treatment ; Morbidity And Mortality ; Nutrition ; Parasitic Disease ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty and Health ; Public Health ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccine ; Anopheles Mosquitoes ; Climate Change ; Communicable Diseases ; Disability ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Diseases ; Early Child and Children's Health ; Effects ; Environment ; Females ; Health ; Health Indicators ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Illnesses ; Impact Of Malaria ; Life ; Malaria ; Malaria ; Malaria Incidence ; Malaria Morbidity ; Malaria Mortality ; Medical Treatment ; Morbidity And Mortality ; Nutrition ; Parasitic Disease ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty and Health ; Public Health ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccine
    Abstract: March 2000 - Malaria ranks among the foremost health problems in tropical countries. Allowing for reverse causation, malaria is estimated to reduce GDP per capita growth rates by at least a quarter percentage point a year in many Sub-Saharan countries. McCarthy, Wolf, and Wu explore the two-sided link between malaria morbidity and GDP per capita growth. Climate significantly affects cross-country differences in malaria morbidity. Tropical location is not destiny, however: greater access to rural health care and greater income equality are associated with lower malaria morbidity. But the interpretation of this link is ambiguous: does greater income equality allow for improved anti-malaria efforts, or does malaria itself increase income inequality? Allowing for two-sided causation, McCarthy, Wolf, and Wu find a significant negative causal effect running from malaria morbidity to the growth rate of GDP per capita. In about a quarter of their sample countries, malaria is estimated to reduce GDP per capita growth by at least 0.25 percentage point a year. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the health-environment-economy nexus. This study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Health, Environment, and the Economy (RPO 683-73). The authors may be contacted at fmccarthyworldbank.org and holger.wolf@mailexcite.com
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  • 86
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    Disinflation and the Supply Side (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Pizzati, Lodovico Disinflation and the Supply Side
    Keywords: Aggregate Demand ; Assets ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Devaluation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Elasticity Of Substitution ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Goods ; Interest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Open Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Recession ; Stock ; Supply ; Wages ; Wealth ; Aggregate Demand ; Assets ; Capital ; Capital Markets ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Devaluation ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Elasticity Of Substitution ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Goods ; Interest ; Investment ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Open Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Recession ; Stock ; Supply ; Wages ; Wealth
    Abstract: March 2000 - What role do supply-side factors play in the dynamics of output and absorption in exchange rate-based stabilization programs? Agénor and Pizzati study the dynamics of output, consumption, and real wages induced by a disinflation program based on permanent and temporary reductions in the nominal devaluation rate. They use an intertemporal optimizing model of a small open economy in which domestic households face imperfect world capital markets, the labor supply is endogenous, and wages are flexible. The model predicts that, with a constant capital stock and no investment, there is an initial reduction in real wages and output expands. Consumption falls on impact but increases afterward. In addition, with a temporary shock, a current account deficit emerges and, later, a recession sets in, as documented in various studies. With endogenous capital accumulation, numerical simulations show that the model can also predict a boom in investment. This paper is a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute. The authors may be contacted at pagenorworldbank.org and lpizzati@worldbank.org
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  • 87
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    How Small Should an Economy's Fiscal Deficit Be? : A Monetary Programming Approach (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Beckerman, Paul How Small Should an Economy's Fiscal Deficit Be?
    Keywords: Bank Assets ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial System ; Fiscal Defic Future ; Government Borrowing ; Government Defic Inflation ; Instruments ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Levy ; Liabilities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Prof Reserve ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Stocks ; Bank Assets ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Central Bank ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Exchange ; Exchange Rate ; External Debt ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial System ; Fiscal Defic Future ; Government Borrowing ; Government Defic Inflation ; Instruments ; Interest ; Interest Rates ; Levy ; Liabilities ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Prof Reserve ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Stocks
    Abstract: March 2000 - A spreadsheet planning model to help determine the government deficit consistent with a specified vector of country macroeconomic objectives. Beckerman describes a spreadsheet planning model to help determine the government deficit consistent with a policymaker's vector of principal macroeconomic objectives (including real GDP growth, inflation, exchange rate, and international reserve accumulation). The model focuses on the monetary accounts, applying balance-of-payments forecasts formulated separately but based on the same macroeconomic objectives. The model is a consistency exercise, intended as part of a broader consistency exercise for a given macroeconomy. It offers one more perspective on the question of how large a government deficit should be - a perspective that can be used in conjunction with others. For each forecast period, the model determines consistent period-end and period-average stocks for the economy's outstanding central bank assets and liabilities and government obligations. It applies forecasting assumptions about interest rates to forecast central bank profit-and-loss flows, and takes account of these in determining the overall flow of resources that would be available to finance the government deficit. An annex describes a (purely illustrative) simulation carried out during 1999 for Ecuador. This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to strengthen the tools for macroeconomic policy analysis and planning in the region's economies. The author may be contacted at pbeckermanworldbank.org
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  • 88
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    Measuring Governance, Corruption, and State Capture : How Firms and Bureaucrats Shape the Business Environment in Transit (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (50 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hellman, S. Joel Measuring Governance, Corruption, and State Capture
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Bureaucracy ; Citizens ; Corporate Governance ; Corruption ; Corruption and Anticorruption Law ; Debt Markets ; Decrees ; Emerging Markets ; Federation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Investors ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governments ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Investment Climate ; Law ; Legal Framework ; Legislation ; Microfinance ; National Governance ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Private Sector Development ; Public Officials ; Public Procurement ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Regulation ; Small Scale Enterprises ; State ; State Intervention ; States ; Transparency ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Bureaucracy ; Citizens ; Corporate Governance ; Corruption ; Corruption and Anticorruption Law ; Debt Markets ; Decrees ; Emerging Markets ; Federation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign Investors ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Governments ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Investment Climate ; Law ; Legal Framework ; Legislation ; Microfinance ; National Governance ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Private Sector Development ; Public Officials ; Public Procurement ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Regulation ; Small Scale Enterprises ; State ; State Intervention ; States ; Transparency
    Abstract: April 2000 - In a new approach to measuring typically subjective variables, BEEPS - the 1999 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, the transition economies component of the World Business Environment Survey - quantitatively assesses governance from the perspective of about 3,000 firms in 20 countries. Unbundling the measurement of governance and corruption empirically suggests the importance of grand corruption in some countries, manifested in state capture by the corporate sector - through the purchase of decrees and legislation - and by graft in procurement. As a symptom of fundamental institutional weaknesses, corruption needs to be viewed within a broader governance framework. It thrives where the state is unable to reign over its bureaucracy, to protect property and contractual rights, or to provide institutions that support the rule of law. Furthermore, governance failures at the national level cannot be isolated from the interface between the corporate and state sectors, in particular from the heretofore underemphasized influence that firms may exert on the state. Under certain conditions, corporate strategies may exacerbate misgovernance at the national level. An in-depth empirical assessment of the links between corporate behavior and national governance can thus provide particular insights. The 1999 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) - the transition economies component of the ongoing World Business Environment Survey - assesses in detail the various dimensions of governance from the perspective of about 3,000 firms in 20 countries. After introducing the survey framework and measurement approach, Hellman, Jones, Kaufmann, and Schankerman present the survey results, focusing on governance, corruption, and state capture. By unbundling governance into its many dimensions, BEEPS permits an in-depth empirical assessment. The authors pay special attention to certain forms of grand corruption, notably state capture by parts of the corporate sector - that is, the propensity of firms to shape the underlying rules of the game by purchasing decrees, legislation, and influence at the central bank, which is found to be prevalent in a number of transition economies. The survey also measures other dimensions of grand corruption, including those associated with public procurement, and quantifies the more traditional (pettier) forms of corruption. Cross-country surveys may suffer from bias if firms tend to systematically over- or underestimate the extent of problems within their country. The authors provide a new test for this potential bias, finding little evidence of country perception bias in BEEPS. This paper - a joint product of Governance, Regulation, and Finance, World Bank Institute, and the Chief Economist's Office, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development - is part of a larger program to measure governance and corruption worldwide. A companion working paper that econometrically analyzes the effects of state capture is forthcoming. For further details, visit www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance. The authors may be contacted at dkaufmannworldbank.org or hellmanj@ebrd.com
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    Social Transfers and Social Assistance : An Empirical Analysis Using Latvian Household Survey Data (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Milanovic, Branko Social Transfers and Social Assistance
    Keywords: Cash Transfers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Budget ; Household Per Capita Income ; Household Survey ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Insurance ; Poor ; Poor Households ; Poor Individuals ; Poverty ; Poverty Alleviation ; Poverty Assessments ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Assistance ; Targeting ; Transfers ; Transfers In Kind ; Transition Economies ; Unemployment ; Cash Transfers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Budget ; Household Per Capita Income ; Household Survey ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Insurance ; Poor ; Poor Households ; Poor Individuals ; Poverty ; Poverty Alleviation ; Poverty Assessments ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Assistance ; Targeting ; Transfers ; Transfers In Kind ; Transition Economies ; Unemployment
    Abstract: April 2000 - In Latvia, only 1.5 percent of households receive social assistance, which for those households represents 20 percent of income. The allocation of social assistance is unequal. Urban households outside the capital (Riga) and those headed by male adults are systematically discriminated against. Because social assistance is locally financed, poor households in different parts of the country are treated unequally. Milanovic assesses the performance of Latvia's system of social transfers, in three ways: First, he analyzes the incidence (who receives transfers) of pensions, family allowances, unemployment benefits, and social assistance. Per capita analysis shows pensions tending to be pro-rich and families allowances pro-poor (a finding typical in poverty analyses). Introducing an equivalence scale alters the results and shows all individual cash transfers performing about the same: mildly pro-poor. Next, he examines the performance of social assistance, which is, by definition, directed to the poor. He shows that Latvia's current system is concentrated - meaning that social assistance is disbursed to few households (only 1.5 percent of all households receive it) but among those that do receive it, it represents a relatively high share (20 percent) of income. Households that are systematically discriminated against in the allocation of social assistance are urban households living outside the capital (Riga) and those headed by male adults. Third, he looks at the regional allocation of social assistance. The results confirm earlier findings of large horizontal inequalities - that people with the same income from different parts of the country are treated unequally, because the existing system is based on local financing of social assistance. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of the Latvia Poverty Assistance Report (February 2000). The author may be contacted at bmilanovicworldbank.org
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  • 90
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    Financial Intermediary Distress in the Republic of Korea : Small Is Beautiful? (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ferri, Giovanni Financial Intermediary Distress in the Republic of Korea
    Keywords: Bank ; Bank Examinations ; Bank Of Korea ; Banking Systems ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Adequacy ; Commercial Banks ; Cred Deposits ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Ratios ; Loans ; Merchant Banking ; Private Sector Development ; Risk ; Risk Management ; Savings ; Services ; Small Banks ; Supervisory Agencies ; Bank ; Bank Examinations ; Bank Of Korea ; Banking Systems ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Capital Adequacy ; Commercial Banks ; Cred Deposits ; Debt Markets ; Emerging Markets ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crises ; Financial Institutions ; Financial Intermediation ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Ratios ; Loans ; Merchant Banking ; Private Sector Development ; Risk ; Risk Management ; Savings ; Services ; Small Banks ; Supervisory Agencies
    Abstract: May 2000 - During a systemic financial crisis in Korea, the probability of financial distress was greater for large financial intermediaries (such as commercial banks and merchant banking corporations) than it was for tiny mutual savings and finance companies. Taking the Korean experience as a laboratory experiment in systemic financial crisis, Bongini, Ferri, and Kang analyze distress in individual institutions among two groups of financial intermediaries. They pool together a group of large financial intermediaries (commercial banks, merchant banking corporations) and another group of tiny mutual savings and finance companies. Both the too-big-to-fail doctrine and the credit channel approach suggest that the probability of distress would be greater for small intermediaries. But Bongini, Ferri, and Kang find that proportionately fewer small intermediaries were distressed than were large intermediaries. They offer two hypothetical explanations for this unexpected result: · Exchange rate exposure - a major shock to Korean intermediaries - was presumably negligible for the small financial intermediaries. · Small financial intermediaries allocated loans better, because of the peer monitoring natural to their mutual nature and deep local roots. Available data did not allow the authors to test the first hypothesis, but they did find support for the second one. Estimating a logit model, they find that the probability of distress was systematically smaller for the mutual savings and finance companies that stayed closer to their origins (for example, collecting many deposits as credit mutual installment savings) and for those with a longer history of doing business in their local community. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the financial crises in East Asia. The authors may be contacted at pbonginimi.unicatt.it, gferri@worldbank.orgor tkang@worldbank.org
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  • 91
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    Competition, Corporate Governance, and Regulation in Central Asia : Uzbekistan's Structural Reform Challenges (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Broadman, G. Harry Competition, Corporate Governance, and Regulation in Central Asia
    Keywords: Business Performance ; Competition ; Competition Policy ; Corporate Governance ; Corporate Law ; Corporate Performance ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Enforcement ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Frameworks ; Macroeconomic Policy ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Economy ; Market Share ; Market Structure ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Monopoly ; National Governance ; Output ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Reform Program ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade ; Trade Associations ; Business Performance ; Competition ; Competition Policy ; Corporate Governance ; Corporate Law ; Corporate Performance ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Enforcement ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Governance ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Legal Frameworks ; Macroeconomic Policy ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Economy ; Market Share ; Market Structure ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Monopoly ; National Governance ; Output ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Reform Program ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade ; Trade Associations
    Abstract: May 2000 - Like many Central Asian republics, Uzbekistan has adopted a gradual, cautious approach in its transition to a market economy. It has had some success attaining macroeconomic stability, but microeconomic reforms have lagged behind. It is time to accelerate structural reform. In Uzbekistan state enterprises are being changed into shareholding companies, and private enterprises account for 45 percent of all registered firms. But business decisions to set prices, output, and investment are often not market-based, nor wholly within the purview of businesses, especially those in commercial manufacturing and services. Lines of authority for corporate governance - from state enterprises to private enterprises - are ill-defined, so there is little discipline on corporate performance and little separation between government and business. Nascent frameworks have been created for competition policy (for firms in the commercial sector) and regulatory policy (governing utilities in the infrastructure monopoly sector). But implementation and enforcement have been hampered by old-style instruments (such as price controls) rooted in central planning, by lack of a strong independent regulatory rule-making authority, by the limited understanding of the basic concepts of competition and regulatory reform, and by weak institutional capabilities for analyzing market structure and business performance. Based on fieldwork in Uzbekistan, Broadman recommends: · Deepening senior policy officials' understanding of, and appreciation of the benefits from, enterprise competition and how it affects economic growth. · Reforming competition policy institutions and legal frameworks in line with the country's goal of strengthening structural reforms and improving macroeconomic policy. · Improving the ability of government and associated institutions to assess Uzbekistan's industrial market structure and the determinants of enterprise conduct and performance. · Making the authority responsible for competition and regulatory policymaking into an independent agency - a champion of competition - answerable directly to the prime minister. · Strengthening incentives and institutions for corporate governance and bringing them in line with international practice. · Subjecting infrastructure monopolies to systemic competitive restructuring and unbundling, where appropriate. For other utilities, depoliticize tariff setting and implementation of regulations; ensure that price, output, and investment decisions by service suppliers are procompetitive (creating a level playing field among users); and increase transparency and accountability to the public. This paper - a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Regional Office - is part of a larger effort in the region to assess structural reform in Central Asia. The author may be contacted at hbroadmanworldbank.org
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  • 92
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    Emerging stock markets factbook 1999 (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 082134403X , 9780821344033
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (300 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This thirteenth annual survey of emerging stock markets, prepared by the Emerging Markets Group of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), provides essential coverage of stock market characteristics for the 45 markets covered by the IFC's three highly regarded stock market indexes--the Global, Investable, and Frontier Index series
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  • 93
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    Information and Modeling Issues in Designing Water and Sanitation Subsidy Schemes (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Halpern, Jonathan Information and Modeling Issues in Designing Water and Sanitation Subsidy Schemes
    Keywords: Administrative Procedures ; Consumption ; Consumption ; Consumption Patterns ; Cred Demand ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Empirical Analysis ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Income ; Information ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Need ; Options ; Poverty ; Private Sector Development ; Revenue ; Standards ; Subsidies ; Tariffs ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Values ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Use ; Willingness To Pay ; Wtp ; Administrative Procedures ; Consumption ; Consumption ; Consumption Patterns ; Cred Demand ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Empirical Analysis ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Incentives ; Income ; Information ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Need ; Options ; Poverty ; Private Sector Development ; Revenue ; Standards ; Subsidies ; Tariffs ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Values ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Resources ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water Use ; Willingness To Pay ; Wtp
    Abstract: May 2000 - Evaluating design alternatives is a first step in introducing optimal water subsidy schemes. The definition of appropriate targeting criteria and subsidy levels needs to be supported by empirical analysis, generally an informationally demanding exercise. An assessment carried out in Panama revealed that targeting individual households would be preferable to geographically based targeting. Empirical analysis also showed that only a small group of very poor households needed a subsidy to pay their water bill. In designing a rational scheme for subsidizing water services, it is important to support the choice of design parameters with empirical analysis that simulates the impact of subsidy options on the target population. Otherwise, there is little guarantee that the subsidy program will meet its objectives. But such analysis is informationally demanding. Ideally, researchers should have access to a single, consistent data set containing household-level information on consumption, willingness to pay, and a range of socioeconomic characteristics. Such a comprehensive data set will rarely exist. G-mez-Lobo, Foster, and Halpern suggest overcoming this data deficiency by collating and imaginatively manipulating different sources of data to generate estimates of the missing variables. The most valuable sources of information, they explain, are likely to be the following: · Customer databases of the water company, which provide robust information on the measured consumption of formal customers but little information on unmeasured consumption, informal customers, willingness to pay, or socioeconomic variables. · General socioeconomic household surveys, which are an excellent source of socioeconomic information but tend to record water expenditure rather than physical consumption. · Willingness-to-pay surveys, which are generally tailored to a specific project, are very flexible, and may be the only source of willingness-to-pay data. However, they are expensive to undertake and the information collected is based on hypothetical rather than real behavior. Where such surveys are unavailable, international benchmark values on willingness to pay may be used. Combining data sets requires some effort and creativity, and creates difficulties of its own. But once a suitable data set has been constructed, a simulation model can be created using simple spreadsheet software. The model used to design Panama's water subsidy proposal addressed these questions: · What are the targeting properties of different eligibility criteria for the subsidy? · How large should the subsidy be? · How much will the subsidy scheme cost, including administrative costs? Armed with the above information, policymakers should be in a position to design a subsidy program that reaches the intended beneficiaries, provides them with the level of financial support that is strictly necessary, meets the overall budget restrictions, and does not waste an excessive amount of funding on administrative costs. This paper - a product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to evaluate and disseminate lessons of experience in designing policies to improve the quality and sustainability of infrastructure services and to enhance the access of the poor to these basic services. The authors may be contacted at vfosterworldbank.org or jhalpern@worldbank.org
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    Taxing Issues with Privatization : A Checklist (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mintz, M. Jack Taxing Issues with Privatization
    Keywords: Capital Gains Taxes ; Company Taxes ; Corporate Income Tax ; Corporate Income Taxes ; Debt Markets ; Deductions ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Income Tax ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Property Taxes ; Tax ; Tax Base ; Tax Benefits ; Tax Credits ; Tax Incentives ; Tax Law ; Tax Liabilities ; Tax Liability ; Tax Policies ; Tax Policy ; Tax Revenue ; Taxable Income ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxes ; Taxpayers ; Capital Gains Taxes ; Company Taxes ; Corporate Income Tax ; Corporate Income Taxes ; Debt Markets ; Deductions ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Income Tax ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Property Taxes ; Tax ; Tax Base ; Tax Benefits ; Tax Credits ; Tax Incentives ; Tax Law ; Tax Liabilities ; Tax Liability ; Tax Policies ; Tax Policy ; Tax Revenue ; Taxable Income ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Taxes ; Taxpayers
    Abstract: May 2000 - The literature on privatization has overlooked how the tax status of the company to be privatized will affect the firm's, and the country's, financial transition. Privatization has been a popular strategy for improving efficiency in both market and transition economies. The literature on privatization includes broad discussions of pricing techniques but overlooks tax issues. In reality, a state-owned company loses its privilege of paying no taxes once it is privatized. This change in tax status would certainly complicate the financial transition of a newly privatized company, affect industrywide economic efficiency, and change the revenue pattern of governments. Using Ontario Hydro and the Canadian tax regime as examples, Mintz, Chen, and Zorotheos provide policymakers with a checklist on tax issues under privatization. Their main observations: · The tax status of the company to be privatized must be considered in analyzing the firm's financial transition. · The economic efficiency targeted by privatization may depend partly on the tax regime for a particular industry. · Privatization affects government revenue through the revenue-sharing structure determined by intergovernmental fiscal relationships and cross-border tax arrangements. Time is a factor in tax and transition issues. At the time of privatization, for example, how are assets to be valued for calculating capital gains and cost deductions, for tax purposes? Are the assets transferred to the new owners at fair market value, book value, or at cost, for tax purposes? How should heavy debt loads be treated? Ontario Hydro will not be privatized but it will become taxable. How the taxes will be paid will depend on how the transition is treated. Tax policy will be a key determinant of the industry's future development. This paper - a product of the Governance, Regulation, and Finance Division, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to increase understanding of infrastructure regulation
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  • 95
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    TradeCAN : database and software for a competitiveness analysis of nations (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821344439 , 0821344463
    Language: English , Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (Electronic data and programs, 1 computer optical disc) , col , 4 3/4 in.
    Additional Material: 1 user guide (xi, 67 p. :ill. ; 23 cm.)
    Edition: 1999 ed
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: International trade Statistics ; Databases ; International trade Statistics ; Databases
    Abstract: TradeCAN is designed to analyze international, national, and regional competitiveness in commodities and manufactured exports. It allows users to calculate market shares for each three or four digit SITC export for 1985-1996 and record changes in market share and market structure
    Note: Consists of two databases:TradeCAN 1, industrialized world's imports, and; TradeCAN 2, developing world's imports , Title from disc label , Numeric data. , System requirements:PC with Pentium 150 or faster processor; Windows 95, 98, or NT 3.x or later; hard disk with 20MB free space. , English and Spanish
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    Aid Dependence and the Quality of Governance : A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Knack, Stephen Aid Dependence and the Quality of Governance
    Keywords: Accountability ; Aid Dependence ; Bureaucracy ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Corruption ; Country Data ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Disability ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Aid ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Good Governance ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Income ; Income Growth ; Institutional Quality ; Institutions ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Natural Resources ; Per Capita Incomes ; Policy Implications ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Reverse Causality ; Rule Of Law ; School Health ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accountability ; Aid Dependence ; Bureaucracy ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Corruption ; Country Data ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Disability ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Aid ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Good Governance ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Income ; Income Growth ; Institutional Quality ; Institutions ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Natural Resources ; Per Capita Incomes ; Policy Implications ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Reverse Causality ; Rule Of Law ; School Health ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: July 2000 - Do higher levels of aid erode the very quality of governance poor countries need for sustained and rapid income growth? Good governance-in the form of institutions that establish predictable, impartial, and consistently enforced rules for investors-is crucial for the sustained and rapid growth of per capita incomes in poor countries. Aid dependence can undermine institutional quality by weakening accountability, encouraging rent seeking and corruption, fomenting conflict over control of aid funds, siphoning off scarce talent from the bureaucracy, and alleviating pressures to reform inefficient policies and institutions. Knack's analyses of cross-country data provide evidence that higher aid levels erode the quality of governance, as measured by indexes of bureaucratic quality, corruption, and the rule of law. This negative relationship strengthens when instruments for aid are used to correct for potential reverse causality. It is robust to changes in the sample and to several alternative forms of estimation. Recent studies have concluded that aid's impact on economic growth and infant mortality is conditional on policy and institutional gaps. Knack's results indicate that the size of the institutional gap itself increases with aid levels. This paper-a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to identify the determinants of good governance and institutions conducive to long-run economic development. The author may be contacted at sknackworldbank.org
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulatory Reform in Mexico's Natural Gas Industry : Liberalization in the Context of a Dominant Upstream Incumbent (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Halpern, Jonathan Regulatory Reform in Mexico's Natural Gas Industry
    Keywords: Air ; Air Pollution ; Cleaner Fuels ; Diesel ; Driving ; Emission Standards ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Fuel ; Fuel Oil ; Fuels ; Gas Sector ; Industry ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Oil and Gas Industry ; Petroleum Gas ; Pollution ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry ; Air ; Air Pollution ; Cleaner Fuels ; Diesel ; Driving ; Emission Standards ; Energy ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Fuel ; Fuel Oil ; Fuels ; Gas Sector ; Industry ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Oil and Gas Industry ; Petroleum Gas ; Pollution ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Water Resources ; Water and Industry
    Abstract: January 2001 - Liberalization of the natural gas industry is complex because the sector combines activities with natural monopoly characteristics with activities that are potentially competitive. The challenges are compounded when the State opts to retain vertically integrated monopolies in otherwise contestable segments of the industry. Regulatory issues associated with partial liberalization of natural gas markets are analyzed through a case study of Mexico. The natural gas industry combines activities with natural monopoly characteristics with those that are potentially competitive. Pipeline transport and distribution, which have natural monopoly characteristics, require regulation of price and nonprice behavior. Production is a contestable activity, but in a few countries (including Mexico) it remains a state monopoly. Gas marketing is also contestable, but the presence of a dominant, upstream, vertically integrated incumbent may pose significant barriers to entry. Market architecture decisions—such as horizontal structure, regional development, and the degree of vertical integration—are also crucial. Rosellón and Halpern report that Mexico has undertaken structural reform in the energy sector more slowly than many other countries, but it has introduced changes to attract private investment in natural gas transport and distribution. These changes were a response to the rapid growth in demand for natural gas (about 10 percent a year) in Mexico, which was in turn a response to economic development and the enforcement of environmental regulations. The new regulatory framework provides incentives for firms to invest and operate efficiently and to bear much of the risk associated with new projects. It also protects captive consumers and improves general economic welfare. The continued vertical integration of the state-owned company Pemex and its statutory monopoly in domestic production posed a challenge to regulators. Their response in liberalizing trade, setting first-hand sales prices, and regulating natural gas distribution makes the Mexican case an interesting example of regulatory design. As the first phase of investment mobilization and competition for the market in Mexican distribution projects concludes, remaining challenges include consistently and transparently enforcing regulations, coordinating tasks among government agencies, and ensuring expansion of gas transport services and domestic production. A key challenge in the near term will be fostering competition in the market. In strengthening the role of market forces, one issue is Pemex's discretionary discounts on domestic gas and access to transport services, made possible by its monopoly in domestic production and marketing activities and its overwhelming dominance in transport. The main instrument available to the regulator is proscribing Pemex contract pricing, but more durable and tractable instruments should be considered. This paper—a product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region—is part of a larger effort in the region to evaluate and disseminate lessons of experience in designing policies to improve the quality and sustainability of infrastructure services. The authors may be contacted at jrosellondis1.cide.mx or jhalpern@worldbank.org
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transition of power : Britain's loss of global pre-eminence to the United States, 1930-1945 (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780511496165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 403 pages)
    DDC: 303.48/273041
    RVK:
    ML 5200
    RVK:
    NQ 3200
    Abstract: This book addresses one of the least understood issues in modern international history: how, between 1930 and 1945, Britain lost its global pre-eminence to the United States. The crucial years are 1930 to 1940, for which until now no comprehensive examination of Anglo-American relations exists. Transition of Power analyses these relations in the pivotal decade, with an epilogue dealing with the Second World War after 1941. Britain and the United States, and their intertwined fates, were fundamental to the course of international history in these years. Professor McKercher's book dissects the various strands of the two powers' relationship in the fifteen years after 1930 from a British perspective - economic, diplomatic, naval and strategic.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496165
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    München BSB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
    BVB
  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Development of Durkheim's Social Realism (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780521650458
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (342 p)
    Series Statement: Ideas in Context v.55
    Parallel Title: Print version The Development of Durkheim's Social Realism
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    MR 4000
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Using newly discovered material, this book explores the development of Durkheim's social realism
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; Acknowledgments; Note on texts and references; Introduction: sociology and its history; Chapter 1 The reform that contained all other reforms; Chapter 2 The subtlety of things; Chapter 3 The perfection of personality; Chapter 4 A l'école des choses; Chapter 5 The yoke of necessity; Conclusion: sociology and irony; References; Index; Ideas in Context
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext
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    GBV
    HeBIS
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reforming Tax Systems : The World Bank Record in the 1990s (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Barbone, Luca Reforming Tax Systems
    Keywords: Accountability ; Audits ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Governance ; Governance Capacity Building ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Institutional Development ; Law and Development ; Lending ; Loans ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Principal ; Private Sector Development ; Projects ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Revenue ; Risk ; Services ; Social Services ; Structural Adjustment ; Tax Law ; Tax Policy and Administration ; Tax Reform ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Technical Assistance ; Value ; Accountability ; Audits ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Governance ; Governance Capacity Building ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Institutional Development ; Law and Development ; Lending ; Loans ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Principal ; Private Sector Development ; Projects ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Revenue ; Risk ; Services ; Social Services ; Structural Adjustment ; Tax Law ; Tax Policy and Administration ; Tax Reform ; Taxation ; Taxation and Subsidies ; Technical Assistance ; Value
    Abstract: In efforts to reform the administration of tax systems, the World Bank can substantially improve project design, execution, and effectiveness by adopting a more concerted approach to institutional analysis. - The main constraint on World Bank operations in tax and customs administration is the Bank's inadequate institutional framework for accumulating knowledge from loan operations, concludes this review of the Bank's record on reform of tax systems in the 1990s. The Bank's theoretical basis for reforming tax and customs administration is still rudimentary. Recent theories stress the importance of institutions that harness voice and improve transparency and contestability, but there is little evidence that reform of these factors alone makes tax administration more effective. Improvements are needed in pre-project diagnosis and project design, especially for examining accountability, administration costs, managerial autonomy, performance incentives for staff, taxpayer equity and services, and environmental factors. Pre-project work could draw more systematically on lessons from previous experience. Institutional components of project design have been biased toward organization, manpower upgrading, and procedures related to information technology. Too little attention has been paid to improving accountability, administrative cost-effectiveness, and anticorruption institution-building. Projects have made inadequate use of different kinds of performance indicators, with little uniformity in those applied. Methods used to evaluate project outcomes could be better and more uniform. Suggestions for future Bank operations: · Doing better background work and articulating a strategy and comprehensive framework for Bank involvement in reform of tax administration. · Possibly supporting and strengthening regional tax administration associations, which could serve as catalysts for change. · Strengthening partnering and supporting private sector consultant organizations, so they can manage major components of administrative reform. · Institutionalizing the accumulation of knowledge about tax administration (which might require changing staff recruitment, the mix of staff skills, and training plans). The authors provide recommendations for improving project diagnosis, design, performance indicators, and appraisal, as well as a short list of projects that serve as guides to good practice. This paper - a product of the Public Sector Management Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to draw on lessons of past Bank activity in order to pursue professional excellence and maximum client impact. The authors may be contacted at lbarboneworldbank.org, oldmonk87@yahoo.com, ldewulf@worldbank.org, or ahansson1@worldbank.org
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