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  • 2000-2004  (321)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (321)
  • Paris
  • Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
  • Development  (321)
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Years
Year
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  • 1
    Language: French
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.24
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovative Approaches to Funding the Millennium Development Goals
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Après Monterrey, en dépit des initiatives des bailleurs de fonds, les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement manquent de financements. • Les critères de sélection de nouvelles ressources sont : leur rendement potentiel, leur complémentarité et la rapidité de leur mobilisation, ainsi que la faisabilité politique de cette mobilisation. • Au vu de ces conditions, il est peu probable qu’une taxation au niveau mondial puisse être mise en place à temps. • La Facilité de financement international, des garanties publiques et l’émission de titres obligataires au niveau mondial pourraient être utilisées conjointement et sont davantage susceptibles de procurer les fonds nécessaires à la réalisation des Objectifs du Millénaire. • Augmenter l’APD est le moyen le plus simple et le plus sûr d’éviter que les Objectifs manquent de ressources.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.235
    Keywords: Development ; India ; Kenya ; Sudan ; Tunisia
    Abstract: The institutional framework of a country plays a determining role in the well-being of the women who live in it. This paper examines the cases of four case countries: India, Kenya, Sudan and Tunisia. In each of these case studies, the status of women has been analysed along with the reforms that have been implemented to improve it. Comparisons between the four countries have brought to light several obstacles to change in the institutional framework such as age-old traditions, religion, economic interests and parliamentary opposition. Where there are important initial obstacles, the government’s room for manoeuvre is limited, particularly in the short-term since magistrates, administrations, media and families often endeavour to postpone the application of new, more inclusive, laws. There are, however, examples of successful reform efforts. These successes are generally attributable to the presence of numerous women in parliament and government and in the legal service, the ...
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264020382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Privatisation en Afrique subsaharienne ; un état des lieux
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: This book examines recent progress made in the region’s privatisation effort in Sub-Saharan Africa. With cumulative proceeds of privatisation accounting for just $8 billion compared to $46 billion in transition economies over the same period, it is clearly still in its infancy. The report charts progress, outlines methods used, and questions whether the objectives have been achieved. It also examines the impact privatisation has had on alleviating poverty. It is for policy makers, advisers and donors and research institutes involved in the privatisation process.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.237
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Natural disasters (droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, floods, wind storms) damage wellbeing, both in their immediate and long-term aftermath, and because the insecurity of exposure to disasters is in itself harmful to risk-averse people. As such, mitigating and coping with the risk of natural disasters is a pressing issue for economic development. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding natural disasters. Disasters, which imply tragic human costs, are distinguished from hazards, which are events like earthquakes or flooding: hazards only translate into disasters when societies are vulnerable to them. Consequently international development policy can play a role in reducing the costs of disasters by addressing vulnerability. A review of two recent disasters — the Turkish earthquakes of 1999, and Hurricane Mitch in 1998 — illustrates the importance of precarious urbanisation and environmental degradation for increased vulnerability to natural hazards. These cases ...
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.236
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Decentralisation has been advocated by donors and development agencies as an important factor broadening citizen participation and improving local governance, thereby promoting poverty reduction from the bottom up. On the basis of a comprehensive review of 19 country case studies documented in the literature, this paper questions this assumption.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un Accord de libre-échange en Asie de l'Est
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The inaugural Policy Insight, "Towards an East Asian Free Trade Area", by Shujiro Urata, looks at the progress towards and consequences of an East Asian FTA, not only for the region itself, but also the world economy and for non members of the FTA. It discusses a topic of immediate relevance to current evolutions in the world trading system, particularly with regard to the position of China and the dynamic economies of the region.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.240
    Keywords: Development ; Ethiopia ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: This paper studies the development of indigenous insurance institutions set up to help cover the high costs of funerals, using evidence from rural areas in Tanzania and Ethiopia. Many of these institutions tend to co-exist within the same community and are based on well-defined rules and regulations, often offering premium-based insurance for funeral expenses, as well as, in many cases, other forms of insurance and credit to help address hardship. The paper argues that the characteristics and inclusiveness of these institutions make them well placed as models to broaden insurance provision and other development activities in these communities. In Ethiopia, there is some encouraging experience with using these institutions, as reviewed in this paper. However, the paper argues that their fragility as institutions is well illustrated by current pressures related to HIV/AIDS, as well as by their apparent resistance to engage more broadly with NGOs and government agencies. As a ...
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.233
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Land dynamics are context specific and rapidly changing, and conflicts related to them do not systematically escalate into violence. One way of framing the discussion is to consider change in the structures of power governing the management of resources in rural areas as necessary to achieve greater efficiency and equity. Since such change will be opposed by beneficiaries of the system in place, the transformation of agriculture is bound to be marred by conflicts of various intensity levels. At the heart of these conflicts lies land because of its very high material and symbolic values. Evidence shows that (a) whether they result from pre-existing agrarian tensions or not, conflict situations in rural societies deeply affect the politics of land, and (b) whether it is at the heart of a conflict or gets dragged into it, land requires a careful approach by policy makers because it is a central element in the evolution of societies. As a result, policies pertaining to land can ...
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.239
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Raising manufacturing productivity is of central importance to the developing world and an essential element of policy making. Overcoming Barriers to Competitiveness is about establishing the most reliable analysis of manufacturing productivity possible and helping policy makers set their priorities. The paper demonstrates that productivity rests on five elements of the economy: infrastructure, capital, trade, education and aggregate efficiency. These factors, when multiplied together, give a true picture of a country’s situation on the productivity “league table”. More than a simple comparison, this ranking system allows the identification of which elements in each particular national or regional case require most attention. This approach can be viewed as another way of addressing the so-called “competitiveness problem” of poor countries. It does not say, however, that other areas can be totally neglected; one of the main points of the paper is that all five elements have to be ...
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Towards an East Asia Free Trade Area
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Ce premier numéro de Repères, "Vers un Accord de libre-échange en Asie de l'Est" par Shujiro Urata, mesure les progrès réalisés par les pays d'Asie de l'Est vers l'établissement d'une zone de libre échange (ZLE), et les conséquences non seulement pour la région, mais aussi pour les économies qui ne seraient pas membres de la ZLE, et même pour l'économie mondiale. En effet, une ZLE en Asie de l'Est affecterait tant la position des économies dynamiques de la région, dont la Chine, que le système commercial multilatéral dans son ensemble.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.24
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financer les objectifs du millénaire pour le développement
    Keywords: Development ; Millenniumsziele
    Abstract: • Despite post-Monterrey donor initiatives, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are underfinanced. • The revenue potential, the additionality and the speed of availability of new finance sources, and their political feasibility, are of particular importance. • On these criteria, it is unlikely that global taxes will be introduced in time. • The International Finance Facility, strengthened use of public guarantees and Global Premium Bonds, perhaps in combination, may stand a better chance of providing additional funds for the MDGs. • The most straightforward way to avoid underfunding of the Goals is to raise ODA further.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264106451
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficience institutionnelle et ses déterminants ; le rôle des facteurs politiques dans la croissance économique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficience institutionnelle et ses déterminants : le rôle des facteurs politiques dans la croissance économique
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: New Institutional Economics (NIE) takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding economic phenomena like growth, efficiency and income distribution. The authors of this book attempt to provide an integrated methodology, hitherto lacking in NIE, that analyses both the impact of institutions on economic development and the determinants that shape institutional quality. Using the case of Argentina, they use the analytical framework developed and explained in the book to test their theoretical hypotheses. They find that their concept of institutional quality and their delineation between economic and political institutions work in practice. In addition, their consideration of particular institutions – democracy and autocracy – and their reflections on the impact of “traditional” legal and cultural frameworks add a dimension to the book that gives it a controversial, but stimulating timeliness. At a time when national governments and international institutions are seeking ways to improve governance and accelerate growth, particularly in the poorer countries, this book provides valuable insights for policy makers and those who advise them. It offers convincing evidence about the quality of institutions as a determining factor in development and suggests how such quality might be improved.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobiliser l'opinion publique contre la pauvreté
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Citizens in OECD countries quite unambiguously support more solidarity and justice at the international level; however, despite the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by their governments in 2000, they remain insufficiently informed and educated about global development challenges. With increased understanding of the issues, citizens could provide greater support for more efficient and coherent development policies as well as for more funding. This requires new efforts by national authorities to report on desirable outcomes and on the results and effectiveness of international development policies towards achieving them.
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  • 14
    Language: French
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance in Developing, Transition and Emerging-Market Economies
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Des systèmes sains de gouvernance des entreprises sont d’une importance cruciale dans tous les pays, y compris les plus pauvres, pour pouvoir tirer parti de la mondialisation. • La « gouvernance d’entreprise » englobe les institutions qui régissent les relations entre ceux qui dirigent les entreprises et tous ceux qui y investissent des ressources. • La qualité de la gouvernance d’entreprise détermine fortement la capacité d’un pays à accroître durablement sa productivité réelle, ainsi que le succès de ses efforts de développement à long terme. • Les dirigeants des entreprises dans les pays en développement font un large usage de structures pyramidales du capital, de participations croisées et de catégories d’actions multiples pour tirer des rentes du contrôle des entreprises, exploiter les autres investisseurs et résister aux efforts d’amélioration de la gouvernance des entreprises. • Du fait des relations étroites qu’entretiennent les dirigeants des entreprises avec ceux qui exercent le pouvoir politique, une saine gouvernance d’entreprise requiert une saine gouvernance politique et inversement.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelles politiques pour réduire le coût du capital en Afrique australe ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Lowering interest rates and, thus, the cost of borrowing in the rand zone (Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland and South Africa) is a priority to promote investment and economic growth. . Local-currency interest rates in these countries are driven by those on rand-denominated transactions. Reducing the level and volatility of the rand premium would help reduce ?nancing costs in the region. . Policies should promote: enhancing ?nancial-market liquidity; easier access to South African ?nancial markets for African entities; domestic saving capacity; and the improvement of international perception of the rand. . Johannesburg could become a ?nancial “hub” for the region, channelling cheap resources to its neighbours.
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.238
    Keywords: Development ; Millenniumsziele ; Demoskopie
    Abstract: Monitoring changes in public awareness and attitudes in rich countries towards aid and other international development policy issues is extremely difficult: due to lack of systematic polling or monitoring, there is no reliable, comparable data across DAC member countries. This paper suggests a way to address this problem: a common questionnaire for all DAC countries to use in their national surveys, centred on the Millennium Development Goals. It sums up the process that led to the setting up of this questionnaire, provides a short analysis of the main methodological issues and brings together three versions, respectively for face-to-face, phone or mail processing. These should allow information and communication professionals, as well as policy makers, to improve the comparability of public opinion surveys in OECD DAC member countries on development and the MDGs, especially if — as proposed by the European Commission’s Directorate General for Development — parts of the ...
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264299283
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment for Development; Maximising benefits, minimising costs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment for Development: Maximising benefits, minimising costs
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Direktinvestition ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: L'investissement direct étranger (IDE) fait partie intégrante d'un système économique international ouvert et efficace et constitue l'un des principaux catalyseurs du développement. Les avantages qu’il procure ne se manifestent cependant pas de manière automatique et se répartissent inégalement entre les pays, les secteurs et les collectivités locales. Les politiques nationales et le cadre international de l'investissement jouent un rôle déterminant pour attirer des IDE vers un plus grand nombre de pays en développement. C'est aux pays d'accueil qu'il incombe de mettre en place des conditions générales, transparentes et favorables à l'investissement et de renforcer les capacités humaines et institutionnelles nécessaires pour les exploiter. La plupart des flux d'IDE prenant leur origine dans les pays de l'OCDE, les pays développés peuvent contribuer à la réalisation de ce programme. Ils peuvent faciliter l'accès des pays en développement à la technologie et aux marchés internationaux, et assurer plus généralement la cohérence de leurs actions en faveur du développement ; ils peuvent encourager des pays non membres de l'OCDE à intégrer plus étroitement les cadres internationaux fondés sur des règles qui sont applicables à l'investissement ; ils peuvent promouvoir activement les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales ainsi que les autres éléments de la Déclaration de l'OCDE sur l'investissement international ; ils peuvent enfin partager avec les non-membres l'approche mise au point par l'OCDE pour renforcer, au moyen d'examens mutuels, les capacités en matière d'investissement. Cette publication offre un examen complet de l'impact de l'IDE sur le développement. Elle couvre de nombreux thèmes tels que croissance économique, transfert de technologie, capital humain, concurrence, gouvernement d’entreprise et environnement. Elle examine également les politiques nécessaires pour maximiser les bénéfices.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015371
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Making of Global Finance 1880-1913
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage retrace la genèse de l’intégration financière internationale au cours de la première ère « moderne » de mondialisation, de 1880 à 1913 et apporte une aide précieuse pour affronter les dilemmes auxquels sont actuellement confrontés les responsables de l’action publique. Reposant sur des données historiques, les auteurs parviennent à cette conclusion essentielle : la réussite de l’intégration financière internationale dépend finalement peu d’une simple orientation politique concernant l’opportunité d’ouvrir ou de fermer une économie aux mouvements internationaux.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264104754
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Asset Building and the Escape from Poverty; A New Welfare Policy Debate
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La formación de patrimonio y el escape de la pobreza ; Un nuevo debate sobre la política del bienestar social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'asset building e l'uscita dalla povertà; Un nuovo dibattito sulla politica del welfare
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Asset Building and the Escape from Poverty: A New Welfare Policy Debate
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La formación de patrimonio y el escape de la pobreza : Un nuevo debate sobre la política del bienestar social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'asset building e l'uscita dalla povertà: Un nuovo dibattito sulla politica del welfare
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Les pouvoirs publics des pays développés ont recours depuis longtemps à des mesures visant de manière directe ou indirecte (par la biais de la fiscalité) à encourager l’ensemble de la population à se constituer un capital grâce à l’épargne, l’accession à la propriété immobilière, les fonds de pension, l’investissement dans la formation (capital humain) ou l’entreprise. Bien souvent, ces mesures ne bénéficient pas aux pauvres. En effet, l’action publique ne stimule pas l’épargne pour ces catégories, elle a même plutôt un effet dissuasif. Pourtant, ce livre montre que les pauvres ont envie d’épargner et qu'ils parviennent à mettre de côté des sommes modestes, parfois au prix de sacrifices beaucoup plus importants que ne l’imaginent les décideurs et les catégories favorisées. Élargir les politiques de constitution du patrimoine aux pauvres peut être un élément décisif dans la lutte contre la pauvreté et l’aliénation sociale et économique. En terme de bien-être social, ces politiques ont des effets que la garantie de ressources ne saurait à elle seule générer. Cette publication fournit le contexte indispensable à un débat fructueux sur les mérites et les inconvénients de la constitution de patrimoine chez les pauvres. Elle définit les notions fondamentales sur lesquelles reposent les dispositifs de constitution de patrimoine, ainsi que les avantages qu’y voient ses tenants du point de vue de la politique sociale. Enfin, cette publication décrit des programmes et des projets concrets.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264106468
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Institutional Efficiency and its Determinants; The Role of Political Factors in Economic Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Institutional Efficiency and its Determinants: The Role of Political Factors in Economic Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: La nouvelle économie institutionnelle (NEI) a, certes, une approche pluridisciplinaire des phénomènes économiques tels que la croissance, l'efficience et la distribution des revenus. Mais les auteurs de cet ouvrage tentent d’appliquer la démarche intégrée qui, jusqu'à présent, faisait défaut à ce type d’approche en analysant à la fois l’influence des institutions sur le développement économique et les facteurs qui déterminent la qualité institutionnelle. Prenant le cas de l'Argentine, ils appliquent le cadre d'analyse développé et exposé dans l'étude pour tester leurs hypothèses théoriques. Ils observent que leur concept de qualité institutionnelle et la distinction qu'ils font entre institutions économiques et institutions politiques sont validés dans la pratique. En outre, leur regard sur certaines structures institutionnelles particulières – démocratie et autocratie – et leurs réflexions sur l'influence des « traditions » juridiques et culturelles ajoutent une dimension supplémentaire à l'ouvrage qui peut prêter à controverse mais confère à l’étude une actualité stimulante.A un moment où les gouvernements nationaux et les institutions internationales s'efforcent de trouver les moyens d'améliorer la gouvernance et d'accélérer la croissance, en particulier dans les pays pauvres, ce travail fournit des éclairages précieux aux responsables gouvernementaux et à ceux qui les conseillent. Il apporte des éléments convaincants sur la qualité institutionnelle comme facteur déterminant du développement et montre comment, précisément, la qualité institutionnelle pourrait être améliorée.
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  • 21
    Language: French
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Which Policies Can Reduce the Cost of Capital in Southern Africa ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . La réduction des taux d’intérêt et par conséquent des coûts de ?nancement dans la zone rand (Lesotho, Namibie, Swaziland et Afrique du Sud) est essentielle à la promotion de l’investissement et de la croissance économique. . Dans ces pays, les taux d’intérêt en monnaie locale dépendent de ceux qui s’appliquent aux transactions libellées en rands. La réduction du niveau et de la volatilité de la prime sur le rand permettrait donc de réduire les coûts de ?nancement dans cette zone. . Les mesures de politiques économiques doivent s’attacher à accroître la liquidité des marchés ?nanciers sudafricains, faciliter l’accès des entreprises et gouvernements africains à ces derniers, encourager l’épargne domestique en Afrique du Sud, et rehausser l’image du rand auprès des investisseurs internationaux. . Johannesburg pourrait devenir un centre ?nancier régional, et permettrait ainsi l’acheminement de ressources bon marché vers ses voisins.
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance d'entreprise dans les pays en développement, en transition et les économies émergentes
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Sound national systems of corporate governance are essential for all countries, including the poorest, to reap the benefits of globalisation. • “Corporate governance” comprises the institutions that govern the relationship between people who manage corporations and all others who invest resources in them. • The quality of local corporate governance critically affects a country’s ability to achieve sustained real productivity growth and the success of its long-term development efforts. • Pyramidal corporate-ownership structures, cross shareholdings and multiple share classes are widely used by corporate insiders in the developing world to extract corporate-control rents, exploit other investors and resist pressures to improve corporate governance. • The power of corporate insiders and their close relationship with those who exercise political power mean that sound corporate governance requires sound political governance, and vice versa.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobilising Public Opinion against Global Poverty
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les citoyens des pays de l'OCDE soutiennent sans réserve les actions en faveur de davantage de solidarité et de justice à l'échelle mondiale. Cependant, et malgré l'adoption des Objectifs de développement du millénaire par leurs gouvernements en 2000, ils connaissent mal les questions de développement international. S'ils étaient mieux informés, ils pourraient apporter un soutien renforcé à l’adoption de politiques de développement plus efficaces et plus cohérentes, ainsi qu'à une hausse des financements. Les autorités nationales doivent donc mieux faire connaître tant les objectifs poursuivis que les résultats et l'efficacité de leurs politiques de développement international.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.234
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Donor agencies and policy makers tend to agree that increased access of women to education, health, credit, formal legal rights and employment opportunities, in conjunction with economic growth, will substantially improve the socio-economic role of women in developing countries. This paper challenges that view. It argues that these measures might not be sufficient if the institutional framework within a country constrains women from participating in economic activities. It finds that social institutions — laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct — constitute the most important single factor determining women’s freedom of choice in economic activities. They have not only a direct impact on the economic role of women but also an indirect one through women’s access to resources like education and health care. The findings suggest that an institutional framework that disadvantages half of the adult population hinders development. To address gender inequalities effectively, policy ...
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.232
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The present level of ODA falls short of the amount needed to finance the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The figure of additional $50 billion per year, roughly the present total of ODA spent by DAC donors, is often quoted (e.g. by the Zedillo Report); it results from the sum of the fight against communicable diseases ($ 7-10 billion), primary schooling ($10 billion), infant and maternal mortality ($12 billion) and halving world poverty ($20 billion). The scarcity of public resources raises the importance of investing in international public goods as the cost of lifting one person out of income poverty, for example through agricultural research and global trade expansion, is estimated to be much lower than the cost of the same impact through traditional aid to poor countries. This raises important issues for donor strategies, in particular principles of aid allocation, which this paper aims to address. First, should aid be partly earmarked towards international public goods? ...
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 73-148
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fondations philanthropiques et coopération pour le développement
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 73-148
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Philanthropic foundations have made important contributions to development, particularly in agriculture, family planning and infectious diseases control. The most effective interventions have been long-term investments that were based on vision and sound scientific understanding, and were well integrated with local capacities. Foundations’ total expenditure on developmental activities is now about $3 billion annually, mostly from large U.S. foundations. Foundations are increasingly involved in public-private partnerships whose activities range from crop and disease research to improving insfrastructure, especially water supply. They have also evolved innovative approaches to building democratic life in developing countries. Better information exchange with official aid agencies and appropriate fiscal encouragement of their activity can help maximise foundations’ future development contributions...
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  • 27
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 3-30
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Opinion and the Fight against Poverty
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 3-30
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les enquêtes sur l’attitude de l’opinion publique envers la coopération au développement dans les pays de l’OCDE montrent que les citoyens souhaitent sans ambiguïté plus de solidarité et de justice dans le monde. Ils sont favorables à la coopération internationale pour le développement et ils seraient sans doute de précieux soutiens pour sa réforme et son amélioration s’ils étaient plus et mieux informés et s’ils pouvaient participer plus directement au débat politique. Les gouvernements, en particulier ceux qui se sont engagés à accroître leur APD, ont là une occasion d’amorcer un cercle vertueux de transparence et de réforme et de relever le défi de la lutte contre la pauvreté dans le monde...
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Afrique Centrale et les régions transfrontalières : Perspectives de reconstruction et d'intégration
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The study in question shows the potential embodied in the regional forces around three large Central African basins: the North West basin (Atlantic Ocean), the East basin (Indian Ocean) and the South basin (southern Africa). It serves as a back-up to the Initiative for Central Africa (INICA) which is an informal framework for dialogue and a bridge between the local and regional levels, the aim of which is to provide backing for regional actors who develop initiatives conducive to a return to peace and stability in the region...
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 8-71
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 73 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Peer Review of Luxembourg
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 8-71
    Keywords: Development ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Cette partie de la présente publication contient les principales conclusions et recommandations approuvées par le Comité d’aide au développement à l’issue de son examen, réalisé le 18 mars 2003 au siège de l’OCDE, et le rapport établi par le Secrétariat, en liaison avec les examinateurs représentant l’Autriche et la Grèce, sur la politique de la Communauté européenne en matière de coopération pour le développement. Le rapport est publié sous l’autorité du Secrétaire général de l’OCDE...
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 165-251
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 88 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Peer Review of Denmark
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 165-251
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: Cet examen présente les Principales conclusions et recommandations du Comité d’aide au développement et le rapport du Secrétariat. Le texte en a été élaboré avec des représentants du Luxembourg et du Portugal, qui avaient été désignés examinateurs pour l’examen de l’aide du Danemark, tenu le 22 mai 2003. Les principales questions qui y sont abordées concernent la préservation de la place de premier plan occupée par le Danemark sur la scène de la coopération pour le développement, la poursuite du déliement de l’aide, le maintien du volume de l’APD danoise et d’un ciblage géographique et sectoriel obéissant à des considérations stratégiques, le renforcement des capacités mises par le Danemark au service de la cohérence des politiques, l’accroissement des pouvoirs dévolus aux missions locales et la recherche de moyens permettant de donner corps à une gestion axée sur les résultats. Ce rapport est publié sous l’autorité du Secrétaire général de l’OCDE...
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  • 31
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 7-111
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 113 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade Capacity Building: Experiences in an African Context Mombasa Regional Workshop, 26-27 August 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 7-111
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La Conférence ministérielle qui s’est tenue à Doha en novembre 2001 a placé les questions de développement au centre des discussions commerciales. Dans ce contexte, quelles sont les approches actuelles du renforcement des capacités commerciales dans le contexte africain ? Comment favoriser un processus participatif d’élaboration des politiques commerciales ? Quel est le rôle des donneurs dans le renforcement des capacités commerciales et leur soutien dans le processus d’élaboration des politiques commerciales ? Ce sont certaines des questions abordées lors de l’Atelier régional sur le renforcement des capacités commerciales dans le contexte africain qui a été organisé, à Mombasa en août 2002, conjointement par la Direction de la coopération pour le développement de l’OCDE, le Centre de développement de l’OCDE et la Commission économique des Nations unies pour l’Afrique. On trouvera dans cette publication un résumé des travaux de l’Atelier accompagné de quelques documents présentés par les participants. Cet ouvrage unique en son genre rassemble des données concrètes dérivées de l'expérience accumulée sur le terrain et d'études de cas, recueillies auprès d'acteurs africains et de représentants d'organisations internationales et de donneurs bilatéraux. Il met en évidence les principaux éléments de nature à contribuer à faire du dialogue avec les parties prenantes sur la politique commerciale un instrument de renforcement des capacités commerciales et passe en revue les outils et mécanismes utilisables à cet effet...
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 229-301
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 74 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Finlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 229-301
    Keywords: Development ; Finland
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Denmark and New Zealand for the review on 17 June 2003. The principal issues covered were explicit attention to poverty reduction, predictable growth to an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% by 2010, a strategy for increased multilateral aid, a clear position on policy coherence for development and increased staff capacity in embassies in partner countries. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-42
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réflexion du CAD sur la reconstruction en Irak
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-42
    Keywords: Development ; Iraq
    Abstract: This part provides the background paper, the agenda and the summary of the OECD DAC meeting ‘Reflection on Reconstruction in Iraq’, held in Paris on 21-22 July 2003. The reflection provided a forum for an informal exchange of views on the challenges to relief, recovery and reconstruction in Iraq...
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 149-227
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Danemark
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 149-227
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Luxembourg and Portugal for the Peer Review on 22 May 2003. The principal issues covered were the maintaining of Danish development co-operation leadership, the further untying of aid, holding the line on Danish ODA funding levels, maintaining a strategic geographic and sector focus, broadening Danish capacity in support of policy coherence, empowering the field missions and finding operational approaches to results-based management. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 177-266
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 91 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Irlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 177-266
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Belgium and Switzerland for the Peer Review on 17 November 2003. The principal issues covered were: building public ownership of Ireland's official development co-operation programme; providing a predictable growth path for the expansion in ODA required so as to reach an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% by 2007; planning now to manage a USD 1 billion ODA programme; remaining vigilant regarding human resource issues within Development Co-operation Ireland; maintaining a cautious approach to designating new programme countries; continuing to promote more strategic approaches by NGO partners; and enhancing Ireland's contribution to addressing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
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  • 36
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-49
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 44 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Reflection on Reconstruction in Iraq
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-49
    Keywords: Development ; Iraq
    Abstract: Cette partie contient la note de référence, l’ordre du jour ainsi que les conclusions de la réflexion du CAD sur la reconstruction en Irak, tenue à Paris le 21 et 22 juillet, 2003. La réflexion a servi de cadre à la tenue d’un échange de vue informel sur les défis que posent les secours, le redressement et la reconstruction en Irak...
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strengthening Procurement Capacities in Developing Countries: Summary Report of the OECD/DAC World Bank Round Table, Paris, 22-23 January, 2003
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 5-19
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette Table ronde est une initiative en cours lancée conjointement par le CAD et la Banque mondiale. Si la formule de la table ronde a été retenue, c'est pour associer d'emblée les pays en développement aux travaux, de manière à promouvoir une approche fondée sur le partenariat et l'appropriation des produits de l'exercice par les pays en développement aussi bien que par les pays donneurs. Cette première réunion a rassemblé des experts reconnus de la passation des marchés venant d'organismes donneurs (bilatéraux et multilatéraux) et de pays en développement1, qui ont à l'évidence été enthousiasmés par l'initiative. Le généreux soutien (financier aussi bien que sur le fond) apporté par les membres du CAD et la Banque mondiale au lancement de cette initiative a été grandement apprécié...
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analyse conjointe de l'appropriation et du partenariat en Tanzanie : Examen comparatif des programmes d'aide du Danemark, de la Finlande, de l'Irlande et du Japon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 111-176
    Keywords: Development ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: This Joint Assessment compares the strengths of four donors in Tanzania, namely Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Japan, as well as the challenges facing them, and makes observations on their aid programmes. The aim of the Joint Assessment of these four donors (2-13 March 2003) was to understand the way in which the implementation of donors’ partnership strategies contributes to country ownership. The paper looks at the challenges for donors posed by the Tanzanian aid co-ordination mechanisms, which strongly promote Tanzanian ownership of the development programme. It concludes with a series of lessons for DAC donors...
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  • 39
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 81-164
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 85 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Philanthropic Foundations and Development Co-operation
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 81-164
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les fondations philanthropiques ont beaucoup apporté au développement, en particulier dans les domaines de l’agriculture, de la planification familiale et de la lutte contre les maladies infectueuses. Les interventions les plus efficaces sont des investissements à long terme fondés sur une vision d’avenir et de bonnes connaissances scientifiques, correspondant bien aux capacités locales. Les dépenses totales que consacrent les fondations à des activités de développement atteignent aujourd’hui 3 milliards d’USD environ, et sont essentiellement le fait de grandes fondations des États-Unis. Leurs activités s’inscrivent de plus en plus souvent dans le cadre de partenariats public/privé qui s’intéressent aussi bien aux productions végétales qu’à la recherche médicale ou à l’amélioration des infrastructures, en particulier pour l’approvisionnement en eau. Les fondations sont aussi à l’origine de stratégies novatrices pour le renforcement de la démocratie dans les pays en développement. L’amélioration des échanges d’information avec les organismes publics d’aide et la mise en place d’incitations fiscales visant à les encourager à poursuivre leurs activités peuvent contribuer à optimiser leur contribution au développement à l’avenir...
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 29 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating ICT in Development Programmes: Joint OECD/United Nations/World Bank Global Forum on the Knolwedge Economy, 4-5 March 2003
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 5-27
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Un large accord se dégage pour dire que les technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) peuvent apporter une grande contribution à la lutte contre la pauvreté et à la réalisation des objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD). IL s’agit maintenant de les intégrer efficacement dans les plans nationaux de développement et les programmes des donneurs, et de mieux coordonner les efforts déployés par les différents donneurs dans ce domaine. Il faudrait également assurer un partage des connaissances concernant les formules « qui marchent » et les raisons de leur succès...
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 76 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Joint Assessment of Ownership and Partnership in Tanzania: Comparative Review of the Aid Programmes of Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Japan
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 123-197
    Keywords: Development ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: La présente analyse conjointe compare les points forts et les faiblesses de quatre donneurs présents en Tanzanie, à savoir le Danemark, la Finlande, l’Irlande et le Japon, et formule des observations sur leurs programmes. Le but de l’analyse conjointe des programmes d’aide de ces quatre donneurs (2-13 mars 2003) était de comprendre comment la mise en œuvre des stratégies de partenariat des donneurs concourt à l’appropriation à l’échelon local. Après un examen des défis posés aux donneurs par les mécanismes tanzaniens de coordination de l’aide, qui favorisent beaucoup l’appropriation par la Tanzanie du programme de développement, une série d’enseignements à tirer sont présentés à l’intention des donneurs du CAD...
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  • 42
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 253-333
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 82 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Peer Review of Finland
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 253-333
    Keywords: Development ; Finland
    Abstract: Cet examen présente les Principales conclusions et recommandations du Comité d’aide au développement et le rapport du Secrétariat. Le texte en a été élaboré avec des représentants du Danemark et de la Nouvelle-Zélande, qui avaient été désignés examinateurs pour l’examen de l’aide du Danemark, tenu le 17 juin 2003. Les principales questions qui y sont abordées concernent l’attention expresse portée à la lutte contre la pauvreté, l’élévation prévisible du rapport APD/RNB à 0.7 % d’ici 2010, l’élaboration d’une stratégie concernant l’accroissement de l’aide multilatérale, la définition d’une position claire sur la cohérence des politiques au service du développement, et le renforcement des ressources humaines affectées aux ambassades dans les pays partenaires. Ce rapport est publié sous l’autorité du Secrétaire général de l’OCDE...
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 9 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Assistance Committee High Level Meeting, 22-23 April 2003: Press Statement by the Chairman, Mr. Jean-Claude Faure
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 3-7
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les ministres de la coopération pour le développement et les responsables des organismes d'aide se sont retrouvés à Paris les 22 et 23 avril 2003 pour la réunion annuelle à haut niveau du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD). Au moment où la communauté internationale du développement entreprend avec détermination de donner suite aux engagements souscrits à Doha, à Monterrey et à Johannesburg, les participants à la réunion à haut niveau du CAD ont concentré leur attention sur l'amélioration des politiques et des stratégies, des pratiques et des performances, qu'il faut poursuivre en appui à la réalisation des objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD), notamment à travers une réduction massive de la pauvreté. Persévérer dans cette voie est essentiel à un moment où des incertitudes préoccupantes affectent le climat économique et politique international...
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 41-71
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Forum des partenaires au développement organisé par le CAD : Pour une gestion axée sur les résultats du développement et l'efficacité de l'aide
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 41-71
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This part of the publication contains the report on the DAC Development Partnership Forum “Managing for Development Results and Aid Effectiveness” (Paris, 11-12 December 2002). The purpose of the Forum was to bring together donors and partners to discuss experience in results-oriented reforms. The report focuses on the implications of the results agenda on public sector management, measurement and reporting issues, public accountability and Donor/Partner co-ordination...
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264106222
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: This annual report presents comprehensive statistics on the gross external debt of 171 developing countries and countries in transition. The 2003 edition has been enhanced with additional series providing more detailed breakdowns of categories of debt and time series data going back to end 1998. These figures are compiled by the OECD, largely on the basis of creditor sources. All figures are shown in US dollars. The External Debt Statistics database is included in OECD's International Development Statistics CD-ROM, and is available on line via www.OECD-iLibrary.org
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017214
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 339.22
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Electronic books ; China ; Einkommensunterschied ; OECD ; Einkommensunterschied
    Abstract: China has experienced spectacular economic growth since 1978, averaging 8 to 9% per year. As a result, on average, people’s standard of living is far higher than ever before in China’s history. However, economic disparities have also widened very significantly during this period, raising questions about the appropriateness and sustainability of existing policies. This book includes the papers from a seminar held in Paris on 20-21 October 2003 to explore the causes of China's growing economic disparities. The seminar was organised by the OECD and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of China. The papers by Chinese and OECD experts look at the driving forces behind these trends and discuss possible policy responses. The collection presents many comparisons with income inequality trends in OECD countries, including geographic disparities, and looks at ways to improve Chinese data on income distribution.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264176270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour une meilleure approche régionale du développement en Afrique de l'Ouest ; Actes de la réunion spéciale du Club du Sahel et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Mai 2002
    DDC: 307.1/2/0966
    Keywords: Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book presents the conclusions of a meeting of the Sahel and West Africa Club in Accra, Ghana, in May 2002 on the following topic : “Towards a Better Regional Approach to Development in West Africa”. Regional cooperation is still only approached from an institutional perspective whilst field dynamics, economic actions and their transactions and demographic changes are forces that define spaces that regional policies seldom take into account. Important questions emerged from the Accra debates: How to harmonise “real” spaces with institutional integration spaces? Do certain groups of actors have a constructive vision and can they contribute to the formulation of a credible regional project? Do these “real” spaces, especially those defined by “informal” exchanges, along with those targeted by multinational companies have positive or negative effects on the regional economy? Could they prefigure future official areas for integration? The book is for development economists, African researchers, NGOs and regional integration organisations.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.791505
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The papers in this book cover the experience of developing and transition countries with greenhouse gas emissions trading and project-based mechanisms and examine the use of tradeable permits in policy mixes and harmonisation of emissions trading schemes, as well as transition issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions trading markets. This book presents a selection of papers presented in Paris, France, in March 2003, at the OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development: Emissions Trading. The Forum was co-sponsored by the Concerted Action on Tradeable Emissions Permits (CATEP).
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-40
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficacité de l'aide et la sélectivité : Intégrer de multiples objectifs dans les décisions d'affectation de l'aide
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-40
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper reports on recent work on improving the effectiveness of aid allocations, and extends the scope of analysis beyond the aid-policy-growth-poverty linkages to include three new elements: a broader range of poverty-relevant objectives and effectiveness constraints of aid; practical experience in the application of quantitative analysis to allocations; and analytic approaches to determining shares of aid through multilateral channels and for global public goods. There is wide consensus on the main allocation criteria for effectiveness in reducing poverty through pro-poor growth: the level and incidence of poverty and the development performance of partner countries. Other variables that raise the impact of aid on growth are helping vulnerable countries adjust to shocks, debt relief and post-conflict reconstruction. Considering broader development and humanitarian objectives, aid should also be allocated to prevent violent conflict and to improve governance and social conditions in “difficult partnerships”. In addition, global public goods are severely under-funded, and there is some evidence of under-funding of multilateral programmes...
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 199-307
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 110 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Peer Review of Ireland
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 199-307
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: Dans cet examen figurent les principales conclusions et recommandations du Comité d'aide au développement et le rapport du Secrétariat. Il a été établi en consultation avec les délégations de la Belgique et de la Suisse, qui ont été désignées pays examinateurs pour l'Examen de l'aide qui a eu lieu le 17 novembre 2003. Renforcer l'appropriation par le public du programme irlandais de coopération pour le développement, donner une orientation prévisible à l'expansion de l'APD nécessaire pour atteindre le pourcentage de 0.7 % du RNB d'ici 2007, prévoir aujourd'hui comment gérer un programme d'APD portant sur 1 milliard USD, continuer de faire preuve de vigilance quant aux questions de ressources humaines au sein de Development Co-operation Ireland, conserver une attitude prudente dans la désignation de nouveaux « pays de programme », continuer de promouvoir des approches plus stratégiques de la part des ONG partenaires, et renforcer la contribution de l'Irlande à la lutte contre la pandémie du VIH/sida, tels ont été les principaux points traités. Le rapport est publié sous l'autorité du Secrétaire général de l'OCDE....
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Development Partnership Forum: Managing for Development Results and Aid Effectiveness
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 47-80
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette section est consacrée au compte rendu du Forum des partenaires au développement organisé par le CAD sur le thème "Pour une gestion au service de résultats dans la voie du développement et de l'efficacité de l'aide" (tenu à Paris les 11 et 12 décembre 2002). L'objectif de cette manifestation était de permettre aux donneurs et aux partenaires de débattre des enseignements à tirer de l'expérience acquise concernant les réformes propres à favoriser un recentrage sur les résultats. Le rapport s'intéresse avant tout aux conséquences de cette volonté de résultat sur la gestion du secteur public, les méthodes de mesure et de notification, les obligations de comptes à l'égard du public et la coordination entre donneurs et partenaires...
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-46
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 41 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aid Effectiveness and Selectivity: Integrating Multiple Objectives into Aid Allocations
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-46
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à des travaux récents sur l'amélioration de l'efficacité de la répartition de l’aide élargit le champ de l'analyse qui, en plus des liens existant entre l'aide, l'action publique, la croissance et la pauvreté inclut maintenant trois éléments nouveaux, à savoir : un éventail plus large d'objectifs touchant à la réduction de la pauvreté et d'obstacles à l'efficacité de l'aide ; l'expériencepratique acquise dans le cadre de l'analyse quantitative des dotations; enfin, les approches analytiques permettant de déterminer les pourcentages de l'aide transitant par les canaux multilatéraux et réservés à la production de biens publics mondiaux. Il existe un large consensus sur les principaux critères d'affectation de l'aide propres à garantir l'efficacité de la lutte contre la pauvreté au moyen d'une croissance favorable aux pauvres : le niveau et l'incidence de la pauvreté, et les résultats obtenus par les pays partenaires en matière de développement. L'aide fournie aux pays vulnérables pour résister aux chocs, l'allégement de dette et la reconstruction au sortir d'un conflit sont d'autres éléments qui renforcent l'impact de l'aide sur la croissance. Si l'on veut atteindre des objectifs plus vastes sur les plans humanitaires et du développement, il faudrait aussi allouer une aide à la prévention des conflits violents et à l'amélioration de la gouvernance et de la situation sociale dans les cas de "partenariat difficile". De plus, les biens publics mondiaux sont loin d'être dotés de fonds suffisants et on constate également un déficit de financement des programmes multilatéraux...
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 51-121
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 72 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Central Africa and the Cross-border Regions: Reconstruction and Integration Prospects
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 51-121
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette étude montre quel est le potentiel des dynamiques régionales autour de trois grands bassins de l'Afrique Centrale: le bassin Nord-Ouest (Océan Atlantique), le bassin Est (Océan Indien) et le bassin Sud (Afrique Australe). Elle sert d'appui à l'Initiative pour l'Afrique Centrale (INICA) qui est un espace informel de dialogue et une passerelle entre le local et le régional dont le but est de soutenir les acteurs régionaux qui développent des initiatives favorables au retour de la stabilité et de la paix dans la région....
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.231
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: In this paper we aim to answer the following two questions: 1) has the Common Monetary Area in Southern Africa (henceforth CMA) ever been an optimal currency area (OCA)? 2) What are the costs and benefits of the CMA for its participating countries? In order to answer these questions, we carry out a two-step econometric exercise based on the theory of generalised purchasing power parity (G-PPP). The econometric evidence shows that the CMA (but also Botswana as a de facto member) form an OCA given the existence of common long-run trends in their bilateral real exchange rates. Second, we also test that in the case of the CMA and Botswana the smoothness of the operation of the common currency area — measured through the degree of relative price correlation — depends on a variety of factors. These factors signal both the advantages and disadvantages of joining a monetary union. On the one hand, the more open and more similarly diversified the economies are, the higher the benefits they ...
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264102965
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combating Child Labour; A Review of Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combating Child Labour: A Review of Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Kinderarbeit ; Bekämpfung ; Internationale Organisation
    Abstract: La persistance du travail des enfants suscite un émoi considérable dans l’opinion publique. Malgré l’accroissement du nombre de ratifications de conventions internationales sur l’abolition du travail des enfants, 23 % des enfants âgés de 10 à 14 ans dans le monde continuent à travailler. Mais pourquoi les enfants doivent-ils encore travailler ? Et dans quelles conditions ? Quelles sont les implications du travail des enfants sur le développement à venir des pays concernés ? Quelles sont les meilleures politiques pour combattre le travail des enfants et comment peuvent-elles favoriser le développement économique ? Cet ouvrage essaye de répondre à ces questions. Après avoir mis en évidence la réalité du travail des enfants dans le monde, cette étude analyse les causes économiques de ce problème et l’efficacité des différents dispositifs et mesures mis en œuvre pour le combattre.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264299832
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Harmonising Donor Practices for Effective Aid Delivery
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La communauté internationale est déterminée à aider les pays partenaires à atteindre l'objectif du millénaire pour le développement qui prévoit de réduire de moitié la pauvreté dans le monde d’ici 2015. A cette fin il est important que les ressources limitées de l’aide publique au développement soient utilisées de manière efficace. La communauté des pays donneurs s'emploie, sous l'égide du Comité d'aide au développement de l'OCDE (CAD), à apporter des améliorations aux mécanismes d'acheminement de l'aide. Une série de mesures concrètes est proposée dans cet ouvrage..
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.208
    Keywords: Development ; Kenya ; Tanzania, United Republic of ; Uganda
    Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the public procurement system in three East African countries: Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. In response to both domestic and international pressures, these countries have recently undertaken important initiatives to make their public procurement systems more efficient and transparent in line with international procurement guidelines. The experience of the three countries with the reforms has been quite varied. While Tanzania has moved fast with the reforms and has already put in place a legislative framework for public procurement, Kenya and Uganda have yet to enact procurement legislation. In Kenya, a number of significant changes have already been effected through a ministerial gazette notice pending the coming into force of a Procurement Act. There is also an urgent need for strengthening institutions involved in public procurement, as these institutions tend to lack technical and human resource capabilities. Although the current East ...
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264100213
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Poverty and Health
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: L’investissement dans la santé constitue un vecteur important de développement économique, jusqu’ici sous-estimé; une amélioration notable de la situation sanitaire est un préalable indispensable pour permettre aux pays en développement de rompre le cycle de la pauvreté. Cet ouvrage publié conjointement par l’OCDE et l’OMS, cerne les composantes essentielles d’une approche de la santé favorable aux pauvres. Il s’adresse aux agents des organismes d’aide chargés d’élaborer et de mettre en œuvre les politiques relatives à un large éventail de domaines d’intervention ainsi qu’aux décideurs des pays partenaires.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.228
    Keywords: Development ; Congo, the Democratic Republic of the
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop a strategy for PCT in the DRC, drawing from the experience of other countries that have gone through this triple transition. These experiences will be used to identify the tasks that need to be carried out in the DRC, to illustrate domestic policies that have worked and those that have failed, and to exemplify the financial and technical assistance that the international community could offer to facilitate the transition and the problems of integrating and coordinating such assistance. Although a rigorous analysis of the political and economic developments in the DRC is well beyond the scope of this paper, a brief description of some of these developments is necessary to understand the daunting PCT challenges facing the DRC, as well as to draw lessons from previous experiences. At the same time, although the strategy for PCT in the DRC will focus on economic reconstruction, political and human rights issues will be mentioned in as far as they ...
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.227
    Keywords: Development ; Mozambique
    Abstract: Peer review and public-private partnerships hinge on transparency. Transparency is about commonly shared knowledge about the economy, its performance, and the way policy influences it. The Composite Indicator of Economic Activity in Mozambique (ICAE) is a tool of knowledge whose construction is based on an established methodology in the construction of business cycles indicators amongst countries that have such tradition. Its construction was primarily motivated by the need to enhance constructive dialogue between domestic private and public sector agents in Mozambique, by providing them with a common tool of knowledge about the long-term and short- to medium-term performance and prospects of the economy, and how this relates to policy. Due to its comparability with similar indicators that exist for the country economies of key Mozambique foreign private and public sector partners, the ICAE is also a potentially useful tool of constructive peer review, within the NEPAD framework ...
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.221
    Keywords: Development ; Timor-Leste
    Abstract: Timor Leste, the first new nation of the twenty-first century, is a young country facing many of the most challenging problems of underdevelopment: illiteracy, malnutrition, low skills base and high unemployment. It also is on the threshold of facing the potential pitfalls of being a relatively large-scale exporter of oil and gas. Finally independent after centuries of colonialism and decades of occupation, the country’s public and private managers lack experience and skills. These daunting problems are exacerbated by the nation’s decision to re-introduce Portuguese as the official language, even though only a small percentage of the population (and virtually no under-30’s) has any fluency in that language. According to the World Bank (2002), the main challenge facing Timor Leste is how to reconcile a simultaneous existence of acute poverty and severe shortage of human management skills with solid prospects of future flows from the country’s natural resource wealth ...
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.203
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Competition among governments to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown significantly. This paper investigates the extent to which the size of incentive packages offered to investors by governments is driven by competitive pressure to attract mobile investment projects. It finds that such competition is in many cases a significant determinant of the size and nature of investment incentives. Competition can have both positive and negative effects on domestic and international welfare. Negative outcomes typically occur when governments offer attraction packages that are larger than the value of the benefits to the host economy, or when governments resort to inefficient incentive instruments. Increased transparency would significantly reduce the scope for negative welfare outcomes. Proper accounting for incentives helps to ensure that expenditure is aligned with policy goals, reduces the potential for corruption and improves the efficiency of the negotiation process ...
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264102958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre le travail des enfants ; un bilan des politiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre le travail des enfants : un bilan des politiques
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Kinderarbeit
    Abstract: Despite progressive ratification of international conventions on that issue, 23% of the world’s children aged 10-14 are at work. This important book seeks to answer fundamental questions about the phenomenon’s economic causes, the working conditions children endure, and implications of their labour for the economic outlook of the countries concerned. It moreover examines the effectiveness of various policies implemented to combat child labour and the beneficial effects such policies can have on economic development.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264276062
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices du CAD
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating the Rio Conventions into Development Co-operation
    Keywords: Environment ; Development
    Abstract: Ces Lignes directrices mettent en évidence les liens qui existent entre les problèmes environnementaux mondiaux d’une part, et le développement durable et la lutte contre la pauvreté d’autre part. Elles montrent comment les organismes de coopération pour le développement peuvent soutenir les efforts des pays en développement pour prendre en compte les « Conventions de Rio » dans leurs plans nationaux de développement. Il s'agit en effet de les aider à prendre des mesures destinées à faire face au changement climatique, à la perte de diversité biologique et à la désertification, trois menaces qui sont au coeur des « Conventions de Rio ». Bien que ces Lignes directrices soient axées sur les problèmes visés par ces trois Conventions, bon nombre des conclusions qu’elles énoncent valent tout autant pour d’autres problèmes environnementaux mondiaux ou régionaux. Ces Lignes directrices s’adressent principalement aux décideurs et aux experts des politiques de développement au sein des organismes d’aide. Puisque la coopération pour le développement constitue un partenariat destiné à appuyer les efforts propres de chacune des parties et à faire fructifier ces efforts, l’analyse et les recommandations présentées intéresseront également les responsables de l’action gouvernementale et de la planification dans les pays en développement partenaires.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.215
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: OECD Members, like those of the European Union, have created a new culture of policy interdependence and mutual respect. This gives the lie to the idea that cultures are deterministic, backward-looking realities that prevent some countries from developing and help others to do so. International policy dialogue and co-operation shaped and strengthened by peer pressure can be appropriate not only for the OECD’s membership but for others, especially if they share, at least among themselves, reasonably similar values of governance or, at least, on governance targets ...
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264065000
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (409 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Studien des Entwicklungszentrums
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The World Economy; A Millennial Perspective
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale ; une perspective millénaire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale : une perspective millénaire
    Keywords: Development ; Economics
    Abstract: Angus Maddison bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über Wachstum und Niveau der Weltbevölkerung seit dem Jahr 1000. In diesem Zeitraum wuchs die Bevölkerung um das 22fache, das Pro-Kopf-BIP um das 13fache und das Welt-BIP um nahezu das 300fache. Das größte Wachstum wiesen die heute reichen Länder auf (in Westeuropa, Nordamerika, Australasien sowie Japan). Die Kluft zwischen der führenden Volkswirtschaft der Welt – Vereinigte Staaten – und den ärmsten Ländern – in Afrika – beträgt mittlerweile 20:1. Im Jahr 1000 waren die reichen Länder von heute ärmer als Asien und Afrika. Das Buch dient mehreren Zwecken. So wird erstmals der Versuch unternommen, die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der einzelnen Nationen innerhalb einer sehr langen Zeitspanne quantitativ darzustellen. Zum anderen wird aufgezeigt, welche Kräfte für den Erfolg der reichen Länder verantwortlich waren und welche Faktoren in anderen Regionen ähnliche Fortschritte verhindert haben, so dass diese zurückblieben. Und schließlich werden die Interaktionen zwischen den reichen Ländern und dem Rest der Welt genauer unter die Lupe genommen, um zu evaluieren, inwieweit hierbei Ausbeutung mit im Spiel war. Die Weltwirtschaft – eine Millenniumsperspektive sollte Pflichtlektüre für alle sein, die sich wissenschaftlich mit volkswirtschaftlichen und wirtschaftsgeschichtlichen Themen beschäftigen. Aber auch alle anderen interessierten Leser werden sich der Faszination des Buchs nicht entziehen können. Ferner stellt es ein monumentales Nachschlagewerk dar. Es schließt an die beiden anderen Werke des Autors an: Monitoring the World Economy: 1820-1992 aus dem Jahr 1995 und Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run von 1998, die beide vom OECD-Entwicklungszentrum veröffentlicht wurden.
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.206
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China’s climate policy over the coming decades will be crucial to efforts to slow global warming. While CO2 emissions growth slowed in the 1990s, it is too early to know if this represents the beginning of a long-term downward trend in the carbon intensity of China’s economy. Climate policymaking needs to consider the full range of economic costs and benefits of slowing greenhouse gas emissions growth. Like other developing countries, China’s medium-term preoccupation is with ensuring poverty-reducing economic growth, so climate policy must be both effective and consistent with this developmental goal. This study of health and agricultural productivity effects of a carbon tax shows that there is considerable scope for slowing emissions growth without diminishing economic welfare. The health benefits of reduced local pollution are significant, and the welfare gains from improved agricultural productivity are almost as large. When both health and agricultural benefits of a carbon tax ...
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264100206
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pauvreté et santé
    Keywords: Armut ; Bekämpfung ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Medizinische Versorgung ; Grundbedürfnis ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: Investment in health is a strategically important and often underestimated component of economic development. This study sets out a systematic approach to improving health in poor countries. For emerging countries, substantially improved health outcomes are a prerequisite to breaking out of the poverty cycle. This book on poverty and health, jointly published by the OECD and WHO, sets out the essential components of a broad-scope “pro-poor” health approach for action within the health system and beyond it. It is for development practitioners in the area of health issues.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.207
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: What contribution can information technology (IT) make to India’s overall economic development? This paper provides an analytical framework centred around the concepts of comparative advantage, complementarities, and innovation. There is strong evidence that India has a strong and sustainable comparative advantage in software development and IT-enabled services. Complementarities — in particular some form of domestic hardware industry as well as growing demand for software within the domestic market — are also important to sustain the growth of the IT sector, as well as to broaden its developmental impact. The paper also reviews innovative experiments of IT use to improve interactions between citizens and governments, farmers and corporations, and students and teachers in rural areas. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of opportunities for future growth in IT-enabled services, constraints to such dynamics, and possible policy responses. India faces existing and potential ...
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.222
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Summary of trends on public opinion and international development co-operation in OECD DAC member countries: i) Public support in OECD DAC member countries for helping poor countries has remained consistently high for almost two decades: there is no aid fatigue; ii) Donations from the public to development and emergency NGOs have been increasing, mostly in reaction to emergencies and natural disasters in developing countries; iii) Concern among the public about aid effectiveness exists alongside continued high support for aid; iv) The relationship between public support and ODA volumes is complex, but a positive correlation exists at the national level between satisfaction with ODA volume, and reaching or bypassing the UN target of 0.7 per cent of Gross National Income; v) People’s understanding of poverty and development issues remains very shallow. Public awareness about ODA and development co-operation policies is also low; vi) Awareness does increase significantly as a result ...
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.220
    Keywords: Development ; Ghana
    Abstract: Analyses of responses to reforms in Ghana seem to indicate that current policies may be benefiting different segments of society disproportionately. Also, experience in the 1990s suggests that recurring budget deficits may adversely affect reform and poverty alleviation programmes. The aim of this paper is to carry out some experiments using variants of a stylised CGE model, to ascertain the possible effects on poverty of a range of budget-neutral redistributive income transfers. The analysis is based on a social accounting matrix (SAM) for Ghana for the year 1993, which has been substantially modified for the present application. The CGE model is a real-side, static model and therefore excludes the monetary and financial sectors and is designed in the tradition of other OECD Development Centre models. The experimental design follows one employed by Adelman and Robinson (1978) for Korea, and Chia et al. (1992) for the Côte d’Ivoire. However the experiments are designed with a view ...
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.229
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Rural areas of the developing world are the last frontier of the information technology revolution. Telephone and internet penetration there remains a small fraction of what it is in the developed world. Limited means of electronic communication with the outside world are just one source of isolation of rural communities and economies from the forces of national and global integration, albeit an important one. Without roads and electricity, the benefits of extending ICT access would be greatly diminished. Conversely, where these other elements of infrastructure are in place, those benefits can be multiplied. The costs of ICT provision to rural areas tend to be higher than to more densely populated urban areas, and the ability to pay of potential subscribers lower. In recent years, a number of interesting experiments has been initiated to extend low-cost telephone and, in some cases, internet access to low-income rural communities. This paper reviews some of these, with a particular ...
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264099517
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Water Management; Recent OECD Experience
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Water Management: Recent OECD Experience
    Keywords: Environment ; Development
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage traite des thèmes suivants : les performances des politiques de gestion de l’eau dans les pays de l’OCDE, la tarification de l’eau, le financement de l’infrastructure de l’eau et des eaux usées, la coopération pour le développement dans le domaine de l’eau, les aspects sociaux de la tarification de l’eau, les applications de la biotechnologie permettant d’améliorer la qualité de l’eau et les aides au secteur de la distribution de l’eau et de l’assainissement. Publié conjointement avec International Water Association, Londres: www.iwapublishing.com.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.214
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The increased importance of rating agencies for emerging-market finance has brought their work to the attention of a wider group of observers — and under criticism. This paper evaluates whether the importance of ratings for developing-country finance has changed since the Asian Crisis and whether rating agencies have modified the determinants for their rating decisions. It also provides an analysis on recent suggestions by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision as these are very important for gauging the future role of sovereign ratings for foreign debt finance in developing countries. While the explanatory power of conventional rating determinants has declined since the Asian crisis, recent rating performance for Argentina and Turkey can still be qualified as lagging the markets, as variables of financial-sector strength and the endogenous effects of capital flows on macroeconomic variables seem to remain underemphasised in rating assessments. The market impact of sovereign ...
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.225
    Keywords: Development ; Cape Verde
    Abstract: In spite of the remarkable developmental performance of Cape Verde, the private sector remains dominated by small and micro-enterprises which generate little employment and provide scant tax revenue. The authors suggest creating new forms of innovative and wide partnerships between the state, local authorities, business associations and the overseas Capeverdean communities to create new enterprises, foster employment growth and promote sustainable development in the country. Such a strategy fits well with the New Partnerships for Africa's Development (NEPAD) goal of improving governance in Africa, for the study also considers the impact of such partnerships on governance issues. The study finds that the potential for multilevel and multi-dimensional partnerships between actors from different backgrounds and with different interests is very wide. Moreover, the conclusions of this document, both for development policy and for improving the quality of governance, can be applied to a range of countries and are not limited to the particular case of Cape Verde ...
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.219
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: The quest for large numbers has been going on for some time in international trade economics: models of trade liberalisation have consistently produced results that, compared ex post with real world data, show the right sign but the “wrong” magnitudes. This paper proposes a new approach by considering transaction costs reductions as an important factor explaining developing countries’ actual performances. Rather than presenting econometric estimates of transaction costs from reduced form equations, this study explicitly introduces transaction costs in a system of structural form equations to build a general equilibrium simulation model. A clear mapping of the analytical channels through which changes of transaction costs affect the economic results is thus a primary objective. Additionally to the effect on aggregate income, the large number issue, this paper examines how transaction costs influence income distribution. Numerical simulations based on India are presented ...
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.204
    Keywords: Development ; Senegal
    Abstract: Poor people lack access to health care with a negative impact on their dignity, human capital formation and their risk-management options. Recently an emerging movement of community-based health insurance schemes has attracted the attention of policy makers and researchers as it seems that these schemes target the poor more efficiently. Taking the example of community-based health insurance schemes in rural Senegal this paper identifies the factors explaining participation in these schemes. Using household survey data of non-members and members, we found that household income, religion, village characteristics and the belonging to a certain ethnic group exert the strongest influence on the probability of participation. From these findings, it follows that i) although the schemes reach the “poor” in general, the “poorest of the poor” within the villages find it financially difficult to participate; ii) social exclusion due to religion or ethnic group might persist. Several options ...
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.213
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: This technical paper presents the complete technical specification of the current version of the RE-GEM (Regional and Environmental General Equilibrium Model) for India. The document lists all the key structural and behavioural equations, providing a justification for the chosen model specification. In addition, a complete description is provided of the estimation methods and the sources of the Indian data used in the model; an aggregated version of the Indian regional Social Accounting Matrix we constructed is appended to this document. The object is to inform in the most detailed way possible researchers interested in building on the OECD’s modelling effort, and to provide a useful tool for informing the debate on the economics of environmental policy in developing countries ...
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.210
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: In recent years, the role of institutions for development has received considerable attention from development researchers, policy makers and practitioners. This paper reviews the evidence on the impact of institutions on growth and other development outcomes. Most of the reviewed studies find a strong positive correlation between the quality and performance of institutions on the one hand and development outcomes on the other. However, due to various methodological approaches and conceptual problems, the evidence on causation is still thin. To address some of the identified weaknesses, the paper proposes an innovative analytical framework that maps out channels of influence between institutions and development outcomes. The developed framework stresses the idea that institutions do not stand alone but are embedded in a local setting influenced by historical trajectories and culture. Studies analysing the impact of institutions on development outcomes need to take into account the ...
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.230
    Keywords: Development ; South Africa
    Abstract: One of the priorities set out in the Capital Flows Initiative of the NEPAD is to increase private capital flows to Africa, whereby providing African economies with longterm affordable and sustainable resources to finance their development. In this respect, lower debt costs may be of utmost importance in boosting investment and future output growth on the continent. This paper aims at identifying the determinants of South African currency premia — such premia usually form an important element of debt cost in developing countries — in order to assess the scope of South African economic policies for narrowing the spread on local-currency denominated debt. South Africa is one among very few emerging economies able to borrow long-term domestically and abroad in its own currency, the rand, and one of the few to have developed its domestic bond market fairly well. However, the rand nominal exchange rate has proved increasingly unstable and volatile over the last years. As a result ...
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.205
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: The Chinese software industry is small and underdeveloped, compared with its computer and other information technology (IT) hardware industry and compared with India’s software industry. Yet, current status is not necessarily a good guide to future prospects, as China’s recent history amply demonstrates. An important difference between the Chinese and Indian software sectors is the former’s close links to domestic users, notably industrial and commercial users. This has fostered intensive learning in the area of product development for a large and rapidly growing domestic market. India’s software sector, lacking such a dynamic domestic user sector until very recently, has thrived on exporting software services. Does the underdeveloped domestic user base constitute a long-term liability for India vis-à-vis China? Not necessarily, if Indian firms can play to their own strengths in process control and project management, perhaps forging alliances with Chinese companies strong in ...
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.216
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: WTO membership and closer integration with the European Union in the context of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership are reinforcing pressures on MEDA countries to improve their competitive position. Privatisation, regulatory reform, and the creation of independent regulatory agencies in telecoms are key elements of this reform package for a number of reasons: the direct effects that divestiture receipts and foreign investment flows may have, the indirect contribution of an efficient service sector to the rest of the economy, and the positive externalities of well functioning institutions on the rest of society. By considering such dynamics in five MEDA countries — Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey — that together account for more than two thirds of the total 2000 GDP of Middle East and North Africa, this paper shows the role that the institutional endowment plays in constraining the reform path. Three of the countries have been characterised until recently by a quasi ...
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264104747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La constitution d'un patrimoine et la sortie de la pauvreté ; Introduction à un nouveau débat sur la politique du bien-être
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La formación de patrimonio y el escape de la pobreza ; Un nuevo debate sobre la política del bienestar social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'asset building e l'uscita dalla povertà; Un nuovo dibattito sulla politica del welfare
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La constitution d'un patrimoine et la sortie de la pauvreté : Introduction à un nouveau débat sur la politique du bien-être
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La formación de patrimonio y el escape de la pobreza : Un nuevo debate sobre la política del bienestar social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'asset building e l'uscita dalla povertà: Un nuovo dibattito sulla politica del welfare
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Governments in developed countries have long used, directly or indirectly through their tax systems, policies that subsidise or otherwise encourage the population at large to acquire assets such as financial savings, home ownership, retirement funds, education (human capital) or business capital. These policies seldom reach the poor. In fact, for the poor these policies often do not stimulate saving but rather discourage it. However, the evidence reported in this book is that the poor want to save, and can do so in modest amounts. In fact, they will do so, often with sacrifices greater than either policy makers or the more well-off might imagine. Extending asset-building policies to the poor can represent an effective attack on both poverty and economic and social alienation of the poor, because it has positive welfare effects that income support alone cannot provide.This book establishes the context for a fruitful debate on the merits and demerits of asset building for the poor by setting out the basic ideas involved in asset-building programmes and proposals. It also outlines the social policy advantages that their proponents claim, and documents what the existing programmes and demonstration projects look like.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264199835
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Harmoniser l'aide pour renforcer son efficacité
    Keywords: Kreditgeber ; Weltwirtschaft ; Koordination ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Staatensystem ; Internationale Organisation ; Effektivität ; Entwicklungsprojekt ; Evaluation ; Global Internationale Geber ; Koordination ; Auslands- und Entwicklungshilfe ; Auslandshilfepolitik einzelner Staaten ; Auslandshilfepolitik von Staatengruppen/internationalen Organisationen ; Effizienz/Effektivität ; Auslands- und Entwicklungshilfeprojekt ; Evaluation ; OECD Development Assistance Committee ; Development ; Erde
    Abstract: The international community is committed to helping partner countries meet the Millennium Development Goal of halving global poverty by 2015. Effective use of scarce official development assistance is one important contribution to this end. The Development community, under the auspices of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), is dedicated to implementing improvements that deliver more effective support to the efforts of partner countries. This book presents a set of practical steps that should significantly improve the effectiveness of development assistance.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.224
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: This paper offers an analytical framework for understanding the evolution of India’s software industry and its place in the broader economy. It then considers how well the framework helps to answer three questions: i) What difference has the IT sector made to aggregate economic performance, at national and at state level? ii) What has been the impact of IT-sector growth on income distribution and on poverty? iii) What policy or other measures might enhance the benefits of the sector’s growth to ordinary Indians? ...
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.217
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper takes advantage of a massive school construction program that took place in Indonesia between 1973 and 1978 to estimate the effect of education on fertility and child mortality. Time and region varying exposure to the school construction program generates instrumental variables for the average education in the household, and the difference in education between husband and wife. We show that female education is a stronger determinant of age at marriage and early fertility than male education. However, female and male education seem equally important factors in reducing child mortality. We suggest that the OLS estimate of the differential effect of women’s and men’s education may be biased by failure to take in to account assortative matching ...
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264106598
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil ; Chile ; India ; South Africa
    Abstract: Corporate governance matters for national development. Studies of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa show that corporate governance has an important role to play in helping both to increase financial capital to firms in developing countries and to enhance those countries’ financial development as a whole. They further show that corporate governance matters can contribute greatly to achieving sustained productivity growth in developing countries’ real economies. The value of improved corporate governance for development cannot, however, be considered in isolation. In the financial sector, attention must also be given to measures to strengthen the banking sector and a country’s financial institutions as a whole. To gain most from improved corporate governance in the real economy, close attention must also be given to competition policy and to reforms of sector-specific regulatory practices. The book is for civil society, NGOs and research institutes.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.226
    Keywords: Development ; Colombia
    Abstract: Assessing the final impact of globalisation on poverty is a difficult task: i) globalisation affects poverty through numerous channels; ii) some linkages are positive and some are negative and therefore cannot be analysed qualitatively but require quantitative assessments, i.e. formal numerical models; and iii) trade expansion and growth (key aspects of globalisation) are essentially macro phenomena, whereas poverty is fundamentally a micro phenomenon. In this paper we use a new method that combines a micro-simulation model and a standard CGE model. These two models are used in a sequential fashion (as in a recent paper by Robilliard et al., 2002). The CGE model and the micro-simulation model are calibrated using a recent SAM and household survey for Colombia and together they capture the structural features of the economy and its detailed income generation mechanisms. We use this framework to analyse the important income distribution and poverty changes occurred with the great ...
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.209
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper discusses major policy issues related to commodity dependence and export diversification in low-income countries. Contrary to some widely-held view, it argues that natural resources are not necessarily a “curse” — that they do not condemn low-income countries to underdevelopment but can provide rather a basis for sustained export-led growth. Natural resource-based sectors have potential for export diversification. The OECD “mirror” trade data suggest that many different routes to diversification exist, including resource-based manufacturing and processing of primary products. However, these opportunities are not being exploited in many low-income countries. This is because export diversification is typically a slow process, and this process needs to be sustained by an appropriate and coherent strategy, characterised by a combination of vision, co-ordination and management of conflicting interests. Moreover, the analysis of trade support services in two African countries ...
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.212
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The five former Soviet republics have become separate states, developing at different rates and in different directions, and with different political and economic regimes. As a result, the cohesion of the region has broken down and economic development is hampered by internal and regional political troubles. Poverty has risen dramatically and bad governance is inhibiting efficient exploitation of natural resources in some countries. The transition to market economies, however, has been largely completed, even if the markets themselves are imperfect. This raises hopes for the longterm future of the region ...
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.218
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The so-called “accession economies” preparing to enter the European Union are experiencing increased inward capital flows based upon positive interest spreads and expectations of currency appreciation. While the authorities of these countries have tried to manage these flows and to prevent unjustified appreciation of their currencies, the policy mix they may be tempted to apply can benefit from experiences elsewhere. Episodes of heavy capital inflows are well known to emerging markets and have often ended in tears. The 1990s saw three separate regional currency crises: the European crisis of 1992-93, the Latin American crisis 1994-95, and the Asian crisis 1997- 98 followed by crises in Russia and Brazil, and recently by Turkey and Argentina. Obviously, a major currency crisis every 24 months is too much for policy makers’ comfort. The virulence, speed and contagion of financial crises that have hit prospective entrants to rich-country clubs repeatedly over the past two decades have ...
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.211
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper synthesises the existing literature on human capital formation and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. The aim is to take a bird’s eye view of the complex linkages between the activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and policies of host developing countries. In doing so, general trends, best practices and policy experiences are extracted to evaluate the current state of knowledge. The literature indicates that a high level of human capital is no doubt one of the key ingredients for attracting FDI, as well as for host countries to gain maximum benefits from their activities. Most developing countries, however, underinvest in human capital, and the investment that is actually taking place is unevenly distributed across countries and regions that have adopted different human resource development (HRD) policies. To improve human capital formation and thus to attract more FDI would therefore require a more coherent approach that takes host country ...
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.223
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The Doha Declaration stresses the “important role” of “well targeted, sustainably financed technical assistance and capacity-building programmes”. It dedicates a whole section to them, and reiterates the commitment of its membership to help the weakest among them participate effectively in the multilateral trade system. What does this mean in practice? What exactly is the purpose of “trade capacity building” (TCB)? Who should provide this assistance and how? Is it all gain for developing countries, or does it entail risks? As more and more funds are earmarked for TCB, often for the benefit of countries with very low absorption capacity, recipients and donors need clear answers to these questions. Based on a recent review of trade capacity building projects administered in African and Caribbean countries, and on recent analytical work in Eastern Africa, this paper attempts to provide some elements of response2 ...
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264101852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Seminars
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mondialisation, pauvreté et inégalité
    RVK:
    Keywords: Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Globalisierung ; Auswirkung ; Globalisierung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Einkommensunterschied
    Abstract: This book is based on an exceptional event in December 2000 which brought together civil society from the poor countries and OECD experts. It emerges that globalisation can have a positive impact in poor countries, but only if policies encouraging a more equitable distribution of human and physical resources are adopted. Furthermore, countries in which infrastructures and skills are underdeveloped will need to continue protecting vulnerable sectors and communities, but will have to accept that such protection can only be transitional.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 13-86
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 83 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Review of Greece
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 13-86
    Keywords: Development ; Greece
    Abstract: Étant donné la situation géographique de la Grèce, la sécurité et le bien-être de ce pays sont largement tributaires de la stabilité et de la prospérité économique des pays en développement et en transition de la région des Balkans, des bords de la Mer Noire et de l’est du Bassin méditerranéen. La Grèce étant un pays développé et stable au sein de régions très hétérogènes et complexes au plan culturel, elle aide ses voisins à relever le défi du développement. Elle juge aussi pouvoir se prévaloir pour cela d’un net avantage comparatif, découlant d’un passé commun et des échanges culturels, d’une bonne compréhension mutuelle, de solides relations politiques et commerciales et de l’expérience qu’elle a elle-même accumulée, il n’y a pas si longtemps, lors de son propre développement. Encourager l’instauration de pratiques démocratiques et d’un développement économique durable dans les régions avoisinantes va donc dans le sens des intérêts nationaux de la Grèce et constitue d’ailleurs la principale orientation stratégique de son programme d’aide publique. La Grèce apporte un soutien ciblé aux initiatives régionales allant dans cette direction, comme le Pacte de stabilité pour l’Europe du Sud-Est (un fonctionnaire grec assure actuellement la présidence du groupe de travail n°1 sur la démocratisation et les droits de l’homme). Plus des quatre cinquièmes de l’aide publique au développement (APD) bilatérale consentie par la Grèce vont à des pays en développement du Sud-Est de l’Europe...
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 7-100
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le renforcement des capacités commerciales dans le contexte africain : Atelier régional, 26-27 août 2002, Mombasa, Kenya
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 7-100
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: These are some of the questions discussed at the Regional Workshop on Trade Capacity Building: Experiences in an African Context that was held in Mombasa on 26-27 August 2002, organised jointly by the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate, the OECD Development Centre and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. This section contains the Workshop discussions and a selection of the papers presented by participants. It represents a unique mix of concrete on-the-ground experiences and case studies, from a wide array of African stakeholders and representatives from international organisations and bilateral donors. The report outlines key elements of fostering a stakeholder dialogue on trade policy as a means of building trade capacity and reviews tools and mechanisms available to support this process...
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 13-80
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen en matière de coopération pour le développement de la Grèce
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 13-80
    Keywords: Development ; Greece
    Abstract: As a result of its geographic location, Greece’s own security and welfare is closely linked to stability and economic prosperity in developing and transition countries in the Balkans, the Black Sea area and the eastern Mediterranean. As a developed and stable country in these complicated multicultural regions, Greece responds to development challenges in its neighbourhood. Greece also perceives it has a significant comparative advantage here, due to shared history and cultural interaction, a high degree of mutual understanding, good political and trade linkages and its own recent development experience. Encouraging democratic practices and sustainable economic development in surrounding regions is consequently in Greece’s national interest and the main strategic orientation of the official Greek aid programme. Greece provides targeted support to regional initiatives consistent with this orientation, such as the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe (a Greek official currently chairs Working Table I on Democratisation and Human Rights). More than four-fifths of Greece’s bilateral official development assistance (ODA) is provided to developing countries in south-eastern Europe...
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 11-77
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 78 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Review of Spain
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 11-77
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: L’Espagne doit être félicitée pour les progrès substantiels qu’elle a réalisés dans le domaine de la coopération pour le développement depuis le dernier Examen de l’aide. Parmi les réalisations importantes à mentionner figurent l’adoption d’une Loi exhaustive sur la coopération internationale pour le développement, l’élaboration d’un Plan directeur sur quatre ans (2001-2004), l’amélioration des Plans annuels de coopération internationale (PACI), et le renforcement des organes existants ou la création de nouveaux organes de coordination. La réforme opérée avait pour objectif de renforcer la cohérence interne et la coordination au sein du système d’aide diversifié de l’Espagne, qui fait intervenir de nombreux ministères, les régions autonomes, les autorités locales et des organisations de la société civile. La nouvelle politique mise en œuvre a eu pour effet notable de faire de la réduction de la pauvreté l’objectif fondamental de la coopération pour le développement. L’égalité hommefemme et l’environnement sont également deux axes prioritaires de la politique menée. L’Espagne s’efforce de cibler ses efforts en matière de réduction de la pauvreté sur les besoins sociaux de base et vient de mettre en place un nouveau programme de micro-financement, qui constitue un nouvel élément important. L’Espagne dispose d’un avantage comparatif dans l’aide qu’elle apporte à l’Amérique latine du fait des liens linguistiques, historiques et culturels étroits qui les unissent. L’Espagne, qui a eu récemment à bâtir un Etat démocratique, peut apporter une valeur ajoutée en faisant profiter ses pays partenaires des enseignements qu’elle en a tirés dans les domaines novateurs et lourds d’enjeux que recouvre la bonne gestion des affaires publiques. A cet égard, elle peut engager avec les pays en développement un dialogue dans des domaines où d’autres donneurs auraient plus de difficultés. Les principales activités menées dans le cadre du renforcement des institutions concernent la réforme judiciaire, la décentralisation, l’administration de l’impôt et la formation des forces de police. Ce sont autant de secteurs où l’Espagne pourrait jouer un rôle de chef de file dans l’action menée avec les autres donneurs en faveur de l’application d’une approche sectorielle...
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 9-85
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 9-85
    Keywords: Development ; Canada
    Abstract: The last Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Review of Canada’s development co-operation, held in January 1998, highlighted Canada’s special ability to help lead the international community towards action which pushes out the frontiers of international co-operation. At the same time it noted that, in the context of a fundamental fiscal adjustment to respond to its domestic public debt burden, Canada’s aid budget had been cut by 29% over six years, more than in any other area of Canadian public spending. As a result, Canada’s official development assistance effort (as measured by the ODA/GNI ratio) had declined steeply from 0.45% at the beginning of the 1990s and was projected to fall below 0.30% by the end of the decade. (In fact, partly reflecting fast growth in Canada’s gross national income (GNI), the ODA/GNI ratio fell to 0.25% in 2000 and 0.22% in 2001). The DAC pointed out that these trends had created a paradox at the heart of Canada’s internationalism, given the continuing determination to be involved in a very wide range of issues and with as wide a range of partners as possible. This paradox raised concerns about Canada’s ability to meet expectations, both at home and abroad, for its role in the world...
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réunion à haut niveau du Comité d'aide au développement, 22-23 avril 2003 : Déclaration à la presse du Président, M. Jean-Claude Faure
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 3-6
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: With the international development community decisively embarking on implementing the commitments entered into in Doha, Monterrey and Johannesburg, the 2003 DAC HLM focused its attention on further progress to improve policies and strategies, practices and performance linked to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), in particular through massive poverty reduction. Maintaining this focus is essential at a time of worrying uncertainties in the international economic and political environment...
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