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  • 2000-2004  (400)
  • 1995-1999  (154)
  • 1920-1924  (1)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (460)
  • Opladen :Leske + Budrich,  (38)
  • Leiden : Brill  (24)
  • Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
  • Frankfurt am Main : Suhrkamp
  • Environment  (418)
  • Konferenzschrift  (133)
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | Halle (Saale) : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies | Andiast : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies ; 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Language: English , Tibetan
    Dates of Publication: 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Additional Information: 7,3=257; 7,4=258; 7,5=262; 7,6=266; 7,7=267 von Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften / Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften / Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Wien : Verl. der Österr. Akad. der Wiss., 1950- 0029-8824
    Additional Information: 7,3=22; 7,4=23; 7,5=24; 7,7=25 von Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1988-
    Additional Information: 7,6=3 von Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1996-
    Former Title: Vorg.: Tibetan studies
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Tibetologie ; Monografische Reihe ; Konferenzschrift ; Kongress ; Tibetologie ; Kongress
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | Halle (Saale) : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies | Andiast : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies ; 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Language: English , Tibetan
    Dates of Publication: 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Additional Information: 7,3=257; 7,4=258; 7,5=262; 7,6=266; 7,7=267 von Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften Wien : Verl. der Österr. Akad. der Wiss., 1950 0029-8824
    Additional Information: 7,3=22; 7,4=23; 7,5=24; 7,7=25 von Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1988
    Additional Information: 7,6=3 von Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1996
    Former Title: Vorg. Tibetan studies
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Konferenzschrift ; Tibetologie
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | Halle (Saale) : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies | Andiast : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies ; 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Language: English , Tibetan
    Dates of Publication: 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Additional Information: 7,3=257; 7,4=258; 7,5=262; 7,6=266; 7,7=267 von Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften Wien : Verl. der Österr. Akad. der Wiss., 1950 0029-8824
    Additional Information: 7,3=22; 7,4=23; 7,5=24; 7,7=25 von Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1988
    Additional Information: 7,6=3 von Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1996
    Former Title: Vorg. Tibetan studies
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Konferenzschrift ; Tibetologie
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | Halle (Saale) : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies | Andiast : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies ; 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Language: English , Tibetan
    Dates of Publication: 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Additional Information: 7,3=257; 7,4=258; 7,5=262; 7,6=266; 7,7=267 von Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften Wien : Verl. der Österr. Akad. der Wiss., 1950 0029-8824
    Additional Information: 7,3=22; 7,4=23; 7,5=24; 7,7=25 von Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1988
    Additional Information: 7,6=3 von Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1996
    Former Title: Vorg. Tibetan studies
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Konferenzschrift ; Tibetologie
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | Halle (Saale) : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies | Andiast : IITBS, International Institute for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies ; 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Language: English , Tibetan
    Dates of Publication: 7.1995(1997),3 -
    Additional Information: 7,3=257; 7,4=258; 7,5=262; 7,6=266; 7,7=267 von Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften Wien : Verl. der Österr. Akad. der Wiss., 1950 0029-8824
    Additional Information: 7,3=22; 7,4=23; 7,5=24; 7,7=25 von Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1988
    Additional Information: 7,6=3 von Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Wien : Verl. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1996
    Former Title: Vorg. Tibetan studies
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Konferenzschrift ; Tibetologie
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frankfurt am Main : Suhrkamp
    ISBN: 9783518755648
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrationen
    Edition: Erste Auflage
    Series Statement: Edition Suhrkamp 2246 : Kultur und Konflikt
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.33
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Geweld ; Gewalt ; Power (Social sciences) Congresses ; Violence Congresses ; Gewalt ; Forschung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Gewalt ; Forschung
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Frankfurt am Main : Suhrkamp
    ISBN: 3518293257
    Language: German
    Pages: 288 S.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    Series Statement: Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 1725
    Series Statement: Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Luhmann, Niklas 〈1927-1998〉 ; Luhmann, Niklas Congresses ; Luhmann, Niklas ; Sistema social (congressos) ; Sociologia (teoria) - Alemanha ; Culture Congresses ; System theory Congresses ; Kulturtheorie ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Luhmann, Niklas 1927-1998 ; Kulturtheorie
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781845420611
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 418 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von The economic dynamics of modern biotechnology
    DDC: 338.4/76606/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Biotechnologie-Industrie ; Biotechnologie ; Europa ; Biotechnology industries ; Biotechnology Research ; Biotechnology industries Technological innovations ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Bibliografie ; Europa ; Biotechnologische Industrie
    Abstract: This book offers a novel insight into the economic dynamics of modern biotechnology, using examples from Europe to reflect global trends. The authors apply theoretical insight to a fundamental enigma of the modern learning society, namely, how and why the development of knowledge and ideas interact with market processes and the formation of industries and firms
    Abstract: pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. Setting the scene -- pt. 3. Challenging the existing -- pt. 4. Forming the new -- pt. 5. Conclusions
    Note: Includes index , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9781845421656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 360 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Studies in fiscal federalism and state-local finance
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Reforming intergovernmental fiscal relations and the rebuilding of Indonesia
    DDC: 336.598
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finanzbeziehungen ; Finanzausgleich ; Dezentralisierung ; Indonesien ; Intergovernmental fiscal relations ; Fiscal policy ; Decentralization in government ; Central-local government relations ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Indonesien ; Regionalpolitik ; Steuerpolitik ; Dezentralisation
    Abstract: Indonesia is currently facing some severe challenges, both in political affairs and in economic management. One of these challenges is the recently enacted decentralization program, now well underway, which promises to have some wide-ranging consequences. This edited volume presents original papers, written by a select group of widely recognized and distinguished scholars, that take a hard, objective look at the many effects of decentralization on economic and political issues in Indonesia
    Abstract: pt. 1. The history and politics of the 'big bang' decentralization -- pt. 2. Expenditure and tax assignment -- pt. 3. Closing the fiscal gap : transfers, borrowing and natural resource revenues -- pt. 4. An initial assessment of progress -- pt. 5. Lessons from international experience and the current state of decentralization
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Papers originally presented at a conference entitled "Can Decentralization Help Rebuild Indonesia?" held in Atlanta, Ga. in May 2002, at the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781845420628
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 238 p) , ill
    Series Statement: New horizons in international business
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Multinational firms' location and the new economic geography
    DDC: 338.8/8
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Standort ; Standortwahl ; International ; Wirtschaftsgeographie ; Economic geography Congresses ; International business enterprises Congresses ; Industrial location Congresses ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Bibliografie ; Wirtschaftsgeografie ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Standortpolitik ; Industriegeografie ; Standortpolitik ; Agglomeration ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Direktinvestition ; Standort
    Abstract: This book analyses how foreign direct investors choose their locations, whilst exploring the forces which shape international economic geography. Although these two issues are, to some extent, inter-related, researchers have only recently acknowledged the similarity of economic geography and international business approaches to the empirical assessment of likely causes of the degree of spatial concentration observed in many modern industries
    Abstract: pt. 1. Agglomeration and multinationsl firms' location -- pt. 2. Home market effects, market size and location strategies
    Note: "This volume is the outcome of a workshop held in the University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, on [sic] May 2002"--General introd , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781843769736
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 372 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von The Korean economy beyond the crisis
    DDC: 330.95195
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Südkorea ; Finanzkrise ; Korea (South) Congresses Economic conditions 1960 ; Economic stabilization Congresses ; Financial crises Congresses ; Electronic books ; Korea (South) Congresses Economic policy 1960 ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Südkorea ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Finanzkrise ; Stabilitätspolitik ; Wirtschaftsreform ; Geschichte 1997-2002 ; Südkorea ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Finanzpolitik
    Abstract: Providing an integrated analysis of the event and its consequences, the chapters in the book consider the causes of the crisis, the response of the US government and International Monetary Fund, adjustments in the Korean monetary and fiscal policies, and the success of financial and corporate restructuring. The concluding chapters bring the story up-to-date, describing the aftermath of the crisis and assessing whether there has been sufficient reform to facilitate the country's recovery and growth
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Korean economy before and after the crisis -- 3. What caused the crisis? : a post mortem -- 4. US policy toward the crisis -- 5. The monetary policy response to the crisis -- 6. The fiscal policy response to the crisis -- 7. Social impact of the crisis -- 8. Financial restructuring -- 9. Corporate restructuring -- 10. Changes in the labor markets and industrial relations -- 11. Transparency and social capital -- 12. Social realignment, coalition change and political transformation -- 13. Recurrence of financial crises : cross-country patterns and implications for Korea -- 14. Reform and the risk of recurrence of crisis
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 344-368) and index , Papers from an international conference convened in October 2002 by the Research Center for International Finance (RICF) of Seoul National University
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9781845423537
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 253 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Empirical methods in international trade
    DDC: 382
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Außenwirtschaftstheorie ; Wissenschaftliche Methode ; International trade Congresses Mathematical models ; Competition, International Congresses Mathematical models ; International economic integration Congresses Mathematical models ; Commercial policy Congresses Mathematical models ; Electronic books ; Bibliografie ; Festschrift ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Außenhandel
    Abstract: Internationalization of the world economy has made trade a key factor in the growth potential of nearly every nation's economy. Hence, economists have become increasingly interested in the determinants of international trade and competitiveness. Empirical Methods in International Trade captures the many aspects of this trend in globalization through practical techniques well-founded in economic theory. The authors, comprising some of the most influential applied international economists of their generation, use cutting-edge models to develop empirical approaches to critical aspects of economic interchange. These approaches are developed and explained carefully with the goal of making them accessible to a wide audience
    Abstract: pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. New approaches to empirical trade analysis -- pt. 3. Empirical approaches to economic integration
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Selected papers from a January 2003 conference held in January 2003 at the Washington, D.C. campus of Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies to honor the work of "Max Kreinin
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781845421564
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 293 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Applied evolutionary economics and complex systems
    DDC: 330.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Evolutionsökonomik ; Wissenschaftliche Methode ; Theorie ; Welt ; Economics Congresses ; Complexity (Philosophy) Congresses ; Evolutionary economics Congresses ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Bibliografie ; Evolutorische Wirtschaft ; Evolutorische Wirtschaft
    Abstract: This book takes up the challenge of developing an empirically based foundation for evolutionary economics built upon complex system theory. The authors argue that modern evolutionary economics is at a crossroads. At a theoretical level, modern evolutionary economics is moving away from the traditional focus of the operation of selection mechanisms and towards concepts of "complex adaptive systems" and self-organisation. On an applied level, new and innovative methods of empirical research are being developed and considered. The contributors take up this challenge and examine aspects of complexity and evolution in applied contexts
    Abstract: 1. Introduction and overview -- 2. Econometrics and evolutionary economics -- 3. Random walks and non-linear paths in macroeconomics time series : some evidence and implications -- 4. The use of genetic programming in evolutionary economics -- 5. Entropy statistics as a framework to analyse technological evolution -- 6. Complementarity constraints and induced innovation : some evidence from the first IT regime -- 7. An evolutionary approach to the theory of entrepreneurship -- 8. Shakeout in industrial dynamics : new developments, new puzzles -- 9. High growth with "old" industries? : the Austrian paradox revisited -- 10. Changing structure : keeping location : from musical instruments to electronics in the accordion District of Ancona -- 11. Evolutionary thinking in environmental economics : retrospect and prospect
    Note: "Selected papers presented at the second European Meeting on Applied Evolutionary Economics (EMAEE), held at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration in September 2001"--Pref , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781845421632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 255 p) , ill
    Series Statement: Studies in fiscal federalism and state-local finance
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von City taxes, city spending
    DDC: 336/.01473
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Netzer, Dick ; Gemeindesteuer ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Kommunale Finanzpolitik ; USA ; Local finance Congresses ; Local taxation Congresses ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Festschrift ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Bibliografie ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Gemeinde ; Gemeindesteuer ; Gemeinde ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Gemeindesteuer
    Abstract: An illustrious group of economists contribute to this volume honoring Dick Netzer, the public finance economist well-known for his research on state and local taxation, the provision of urban public services, and non-profit organizations. Following in his tradition, the contributors apply microeconomics to real world problems facing urban areas and use statistical analysis to gain insight into practical solutions
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. What should local governments tax : income or property? -- 3. what a tangled web : local property, income and sales taxes -- 4. Land taxation in New York City : a general equilibrium analysis -- 5. The role of cities in providing housing assistance : a New York perspective -- 6. Public ownership in the American city -- 7. The nonprofit sector in K-12 education -- 8. The partially subsidized muse : estimating the value and incidence of public support received by nonprofit arts organizations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9781845420666 , 128321783X , 9781283217835 , 1845420667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: E-Books von NetLibrary
    Series Statement: New horizons in international business
    Series Statement: EBSCOhost eBook Collection
    DDC: 382/.71/097
    Keywords: Free Trade Area of the Americas ; Free trade Congresses ; America ; Libre-échange Congrès ; Amérique ; Free trade Congresses. ; America Congresses ; Economic integration ; Free trade ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; America Congresses ; Economic integration ; Amérique Congrès ; Intégration économique ; America ; America Congresses. Economic integration ; Amerika ; Electronic books. ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Bibliografie ; Amerika ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Free Trade Area of the Americas ; Amerika ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Free Trade Area of the Americas
    Abstract: The contributors suggest that with enlightened US leadership and the cooperation of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, the FTAA could eventually match the EU in the world economy and as a multilateral leader. Initiatives to promote a culture of relational cooperation in a system of liberalized global commerce are stressed. In Latin America, there is an urgent need for such cooperation in order to enhance the regionÕs lackluster growth rate and reduce the occurrences and severity of financial crises. The United States, Canada and Mexico will also benefit from the development of dynamic structural li
    Description / Table of Contents: Free Trade in the Americas; Contents; Figures; Tables; Contributors; Foreword; Preface; 1. Potential for hemispheric regional cooperation; 2. The political economy of development in Latin America; 3. Structural partnering potential of the US economy; 4. Economic integration in North America: implications for the Americas; 5. What institutional design for North America?; 6. The future of MERCOSUR; 7. The European experience of economic integration; 8. Hemispheric monetary cooperation; 9. Western hemisphere energy development: the continuing search for security
    Description / Table of Contents: 10. Hemispheric alliance capitalism and structural partnering11. Developmental issues posed by the FTAA; 12. The hemisphere in the international political economy; Index;
    Note: "This volume is the result of a conference on trade liberalization in the Western Hemisphere sponsored by Saint Mary's University, Halifax, in the Autumn of 2002"--Foreword , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham, U.K : Edward Elgar
    ISBN: 9781845423650 , 1845423658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: EBSCOhost eBook Collection
    DDC: 330.15/6
    Keywords: Politique monétaire Congrès ; Développement économique Congrès ; Keynésianisme Congrès ; Économie politique Congrès ; Inflation Congrès ; Economics ; Keynesian economics ; Economic development ; Monetary policy ; Monetary policy. ; Economic development. ; Keynesian economics. ; Economics. ; Inflation (Finance) ; Inflation (Finance) ; Economic development ; Keynesian economics ; Economics ; Monetary policy ; Neokeynesianismus ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Neokeynesianismus ; Neokeynesianismus
    Abstract: Original articles by leading scholars of post Keynesian economics make up this authoritative collection. Current topics of the greatest interest are covered, such as: perspectives on current economic policy; post Keynesian approaches to monetary theory and policy; economic development, growth and inflation; Kaleckian perspectives on distribution; economic methodology; and history of heterodox economic theory
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Post Keynesian perspectives on current economic policy -- pt. 2. Post Keynesian approaches to monetary theory and policy -- pt. 3. Post Keynesian contributions on development, growth and inflation -- pt. 4. Kaleckian perspectives on growth, inflaction and distribution -- pt. 5. Methodology -- pt. 6. Issues in the history of thought.
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributors; Preface; 1. Wage bargaining and monetary policy in the EMU: a post Keynesian perspective; 2. Public debt and private wealth; 3. Exploring the economics of euphoria: using post Keynesian tools to understand the US bubble and its aftermath; 4. Money in the time of the Internet: electronic money and its effects; 5. Understanding the implications of money being a social convention; 6. Demand management and the monetary system: do currency boards and currency unions spell the end for Keynesian policy?; 7. Stability conditions for a small open economy.
    Note: "This volume collects a number of papers presented at the 7th International Post Keynesian Summer School and Workshop during the summer of 2002 at the University of Missouri-Kansas City." , Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2005
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    ISBN: 1423714318 , 9781423714316 , 9047402383 , 9789047402381 , 9789004131637 , 9004131639
    Language: English , French , German
    Pages: Online Ressource (xii, 279 p.) , ill. (some col.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Studies in textile and costume history 0924-7696 v. 3
    Series Statement: Studies in textile and costume history v. 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Riding costume in Egypt
    DDC: 391.40962
    Keywords: Horsemen and horsewomen Clothing ; Egypt ; Riding habit Egypt ; Horsemanship Equipment and supplies ; Egypt ; Horsemen and horsewomen Clothing ; Riding habit ; Horsemanship Equipment and supplies ; Electronic books Ägypten (Altertum) ; Ägypten ; Riding habit ; Koptische Kunst ; Mittelalter ; Reitkleidung ; HEALTH & FITNESS ; Beauty & Grooming ; Horsemanship ; Equipment and supplies ; Horsemen and horsewomen ; Clothing ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Egypt ; Ägypten ; Ägypten ; Electronic book ; Electronic books Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: This work deals with the evolution and distribution of the oriental riding costume in the Middle and Near East through the ages and the historical background on the find spot. It also focuses on the original costumes in various museum collections including technical researches and reconstructions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes. - English, French, and German. - Description based on print version record
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9004138943
    Language: English
    Pages: 175 Seiten , Illustrationen , 24 cm
    DDC: 305.4/0951/0904
    Keywords: Women Congresses History 19th century ; Women Congresses History 20th century ; Chinese literature Congresses History and criticism 19th century ; Chinese literature Congresses History and criticism 20th century ; Cosmopolitanism Congresses History ; Women in literature Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift ; China ; Geschlechterrolle ; Literatur ; Geschichte 1870-1911 ; Klassisches Chinesisch ; Literatur ; Geschlechterrolle ; Geschichte 1870-1911
    Note: "The contents of this volume is a reprint of volume 6, issue 1 of Nan nü, men, women, and gender in China (2004)"--T.p. verso , "Essays first given at a symposium 'Chinese Tradition and the Challenge of Modernity: Politics, Poetics, and Gender in the Late Qing Period, 1840-1911' ... hosted by Rice University in March 2003"--Frwd , Includes bibliographical references and index , Auch als: Nan Nü ; 6.2004,1 , Beitr. in engl., teilw. mit Zitaten in chines. Schr.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9004138609
    Language: English
    Pages: VIII, 356 S.
    Series Statement: Studies of religion in Africa 26
    Series Statement: Studies of religion in Africa
    DDC: 200/.967
    Keywords: Neoliberalism Religious aspects ; Religion and culture ; Neoliberalism ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Religion ; Liberalism Religious aspects ; Liberalism Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Religion ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Religion ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Liberalismus ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Modernisierung ; Neoliberalismus ; Soziokultureller Wandel ; Religiöser Wandel
    Note: Includes index
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264071070
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 427; Skin Absorption; In Vivo Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 427: Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'étude d'absorption cutanée in vivo présentée dans cette Ligne directrice fournit des éléments nécessaires pour extrapoler des études orales lors d’évaluations de sécurité après une exposition cutanée. La méthode in vivo, décrite dans cette Ligne directrice, permet la détermination de la pénétration de la substance d'essai à travers la peau dans le compartiment systémique. La substance d'essai, de préférence radiomarquée, est appliquée, pendant une période fixe, sur la peau rasée des animaux à un ou plusieurs niveaux de dose appropriés, sous la forme d’une préparation d’usage représentative. Le rat est l’espèce généralement la plus utilisée. Au moins quatre animaux d'un sexe devraient être employés pour chaque préparation d'essai et chaque durée prévue. Une quantité connue de la préparation d'essai est appliquée. Cette quantité devrait normalement imiter l'exposition humaine potentielle, en général de 1-5 mg/cm² pour un solide ou jusqu'à 10 µl/cm² pour des liquides. Une période d'exposition de référence (en général 6 ou 24 heures) devrait être employée, en fonction de la durée éventuelle de l’exposition humaine. Les signes de la toxicité et les réactions anormales sont observés par intervalles pour la durée entière de l'étude. Cette étude inclut des mesures quotidiennes (excrétions), des observations détaillées régulières, de même que l’euthanasie à un moment donné et des prélèvements sanguins pour analyse.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégie de l'environnement de l'OCDE ; Bilan en 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégie de l'environnement de l'OCDE : Bilan en 2004
    DDC: 333.72
    RVK:
    Keywords: Economic development Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Environmental policy OECD countries ; Natural resources OECD countries ; Management ; Quality of life OECD countries ; Environment ; OECD ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: OECD Environment Ministers agreed in 2001, on an ambitious Environmental Strategy for the first decade of the 21st century. The strategy sets out clear directions for environmentally sustainable policies and includes these key objectives: maintaining the integrity of ecosystems through the efficient management of natural resources; decoupling environmental pressures from economic growth; improving information for decision-making; measuring progress through indicators; the social and environmental interface; enhancing the quality of life; global environmental interdependence; improving governance and co-operation. In addition to highlighting the challenges and obstacles that remain if countries are to achieve the objectives by the planned date of 2010, this report assesses the progress that OECD countries have made, as well as in applying the 71 national actions they agreed on, as part of the Environmental Strategy. The book is for policy makers and environmental economists.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur laitier
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Milchwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Agrarhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Treibhauseffekt
    Abstract: This OECD study takes an in-depth look at the dairy sector in OECD countries in order to see how agricultural subsidies and environmental policies are impacting the environment and international competitiveness of dairy products.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264024113
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Delivering the Goods; 21st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Delivering the Goods: 21st Century Challenges to Urban Goods Transport
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Konsumgüterwirtschaft ; Güternahverkehr ; Stadtverkehr ; City-Logistik
    Abstract: A ce jour, peu de gouvernements se sont attachés à faciliter le flux indispensable des marchandises en ville et à réduire les effets nuisibles du transport urbain de marchandises sur la collectivité desservie. Ceci a accru les problèmes liés aux livraisons de marchandises, et notamment la concurrence entre transport de marchandises et transport de passagers pour l’accès à l’infrastructure routière et aux places de stationnement/livraison. Ce rapport fournit des recommandations pour faire face à ces défis.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015913
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Series Statement: Agriculture, échanges et environnement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Dairy Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Milchwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Agrarhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Treibhauseffekt
    Abstract: Grâce à un regard approfondi sur le secteur laitier dans les pays de l'OCDE, cette étude permet de mieux analyser l'impact des subventions à l'agriculture et des politiques de l'environnement sur l'environnement et sur la compétitivité internationale des produits laitiers.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264107717
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Information Exchange Meeting on the Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2 : 2003 : Argonne, Ill.) Nuclear production of hydrogen
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; Konferenzschrift ; Wasserstofferzeugung ; Kernreaktion
    Abstract: Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable source of energy in the 21st century. Present methods for producing hydrogen are mainly based on the reforming of fossil fuels with subsequent release of greenhouse gases. To avoid producing greenhouse gases, the possibility to use heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants to produce hydrogen by water cracking is being investigated. This report presents the state of the art in the nuclear production of hydrogen and describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with it.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 628.44
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Kostenmanagement ; Abfallpolitik ; Recycling ; Abfallvermeidung
    Abstract: The Workshop held by OECD in October 2003, in Paris, France, brought together leading experts to take stock of “the state of the art" on the economics of waste and to help select topics on which the OECD could usefully do additional work. The book comprises the Workshop papers by leading experts.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108653
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Spain 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales; España 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Spain
    Abstract: ESPAGNE Thèmes couverts : Gestion de l’environnementGestion de l’air, de l'eau Gestion de la nature et de la biodiversité Economie, social et environnementIntégration sectorielle : tourismeCoopération internationale Cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans le programme d'examens environnementaux concernant ses pays membres. Les efforts menés pour atteindre les objectifs nationaux et satisfaire aux engagements internationaux y sont évalués en détails. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales et conduisent à des recommandations sur les progrès à faire dans les domaines de l'environnement et du développement durable. Le premier cycle d'Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE de ses pays membres a été achevé en 2000. Le second cycle met l’accent sur la gestion de l’environnement, le développement durable et les engagements internationaux. Examens récents disponibles Australie 1998 Suisse 1998 Belgique 1998 République Tchèque 1999 Danemark 1999 Fédération de Russie* 1999 Turquie 1999 Hongrie 2000 Grèce 2000 Irlande 2000 Luxembourg 2000 Pays de l'OCDE 2001 Allemagne 2001 Islande 2001 Norvège 2001 Portugal 2001 République Slovaque 2002 Japon 2002 Royaume Uni 2002 Italie 2002 Pays Bas 2003 Pologne 2003 Mexique 2003 Autriche 2003 Canada 2004 Suède 2004 Espagne 2004 * Pays non membre de l'OCDE.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Entrepreneurship
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Städtischer Niedergang ; Stadterneuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift ; Stadtentwicklung ; Unternehmerverhalten
    Abstract: This book presents a 'toolbox' of instruments for entrepreneurship development in what often appear to be the most hostile environments for economic development in our cities, showing how entrepreneurship can indeed prosper given the right stimulus. It is based on the proceedings of the conference on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Distressed Urban Areas held 7-8 October 2003 in Rome, and organised by the OECD LEED Programme, in collaboration with the EU, the municipality of Rome, and Risorse per Roma.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107793
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Canada 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Canada ; Bericht ; Kanada ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltqualität ; Umweltpolitik ; OECD ; Kanada ; Umweltbericht ; Industrie ; Bergbau ; Kanada ; Biodiversität
    Abstract: Ce rapport 2004 sur les politiques et les programmes canadiens en matière d’environnement propose un examen systématique de la gestion de l’air, de l’eau, de la nature et de la biodiversité, ainsi que de l’interaction entre la politique de l’environnement, la politique économique, la politique sociale et certains secteurs. Malgré les progrès appréciables du Canada depuis 1985, il reste encore beaucoup à faire. Dans cette optique, le rapport formule des recommandations précises : un recours plus large aux instruments économiques, l’application des principes pollueurs-payeurs, une rationalisation de la gouvernance de l’eau, le renforcement de la protection de la nature, la réduction de l’intensité énergétique, la mise en œuvre de stratégies face au changement climatique, la réévaluation des taxes liées à l’environnement, le respect des engagements concernant le milieu marin et l’aide au développement.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108615
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Sweden 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Suède évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016804
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: This book gathers the proceedings of an OECD Workshop that took place in April 2004 in Paris, on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing -- a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. The aim of the workshop was to better understand the social and economic factors that drive IUU fishing in order to identify more effective methods to combat this evil and propose new ways to deal with it.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264018600
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Series Statement: Série sur les accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators; A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators; A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators: A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators: A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce Document d'orientation sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité propose une approche systémique pour évaluer le succès des programmes mis en place par les différents intervenants en matière de sécurité chimique. Il laisse par ailleurs aux groupes concernés une certaine latitude pour concevoir des programmes permettant d'évaluer leurs propres performances dans le contexte de la prévention, de la préparation et de l'intervention en matière d'accident chimique. Les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité (IPS) aident l'industrie, les autorités et les collectivités à déterminer dans quelle mesure leurs actions contribuent à améliorer la sécurité chimique.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264069701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 111; Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 111: Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method to assess abiotic hydrolytic transformations of chemicals in aquatic systems at pH values normally found in the environment (pH 4 – 9). This Guideline is designed as a tiered approach; each tier is triggered by the results of the previous tier.Sterile aqueous buffer solutions of different pH values (pH 4, 7 and 9) are treated with the non-labelled or labelled test substance (only one concentration, which should not exceed 0.01 M or half of the saturation concentration). They are incubated in the dark under controlled laboratory conditions (at constant temperatures). After appropriate time intervals, buffer solutions are analysed for the test substance and for hydrolysis products. The preliminary test should be carried out for 5 days at 50 ± 0.5°C and pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The second tier consists of the hydrolysis of unstable substances, and the third tier is the identification of hydrolysis products. The higher Tier tests should be conducted until 90 % hydrolysis of the test substance is observed or for 30 days whichever comes first.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264069824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 117; Cœfficient de partage (n-octanol/eau), méthode HPLC
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 117: Cœfficient de partage (n-octanol/eau), méthode HPLC
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes the HPLC method, which permits to determine the partition coefficient (n-octanol/water) (Pow).Reverse phase HPLC is performed on analytical columns packed with a solid phase containing long hydrocarbon chains chemically bound onto silica. The chemicals are retained in the column in proportion to their hydrocarbon-water partition coefficient, with hydrophilic chemicals eluted first and lipophilic chemicals last. The HPLC method covers log Pow in the range of 0 to 6, but it can be expanded to cover the log Pow range between 6 and 10 in exceptional cases. The HPLC operation mode is isocratic. The test substance is injected in the smallest detectable quantities in the column. The retention time is determined in duplicate. The partition coefficient of the test substance is obtained by interpolation of the calculated capacity factor on the calibration graph. For very low and very high partition coefficients extrapolation is necessary.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264018587
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: Série sur les accidents chimiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response: (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La deuxième édition complète de ces Principes vise à aider les pouvoirs publics, l'industrie et les collectivités dans le monde entier à anticiper les accidents résultant de catastrophes technologiques et naturelles ou de sabotages et impliquant des substances dangereuses. Elle aborde les thèmes suivants : prévention des accidents et quasi-accidents chimiques ; préparation aux accidents par l’élaboration de plans d’urgence, d’une communication avec le public, etc.; mesures à prendre pour faire face aux accidents et réduire autant que possible
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264070554
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 309; Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 309: Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water Simulation Biodegradation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de cet essai est de mesurer la biodégradation en fonction du temps d'une substance d'essai présente en faible concentration dans une eau naturelle aérobie et de quantifier les observations sous la forme d'expressions cinétiques. L'essai est réalisé par lots par « l'essai pélagique » ou « l'essai en suspension de sédiments » pour simuler un plan l'eau contenant des solides en suspension ou des sédiments resuspendus. Les flacons d'essai sont incubés dans l'obscurité, à la température environnementale, en aérobiose et sous agitation pendant normalement 60 jours. Au moins deux concentrations différentes de substance d'essai (organique non-volatile ou légèrement volatile) devraient être employées. La concentration maximum de la substance d’essai devrait être de moins de 100µg/L (biodégradation suivant une cinétique de premier ordre) et la plus basse concentration de substance d'essai de préférence comprise dans l’intervalle ‹1-10µg/L. Deux sous-échantillons sont prélevés de chaque flacon d'essai à chaque temps de prélèvement. La dégradation est suivie à intervalles de temps appropriés, en mesurant le 14C résiduel ou la concentration résiduelle de la substance d'essai. La minéralisation totale et la biodégradation primaire sont déterminées par le marquage au 14C de différentes parties de la molécule. Des mesures périodiques du pH et de la concentration en oxygène dans le système d'essai doivent être conduites.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020177
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Analisis de los resultados medioambientales
    Series Statement: Análisis de los resultados medioambientales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Mexico 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Mexique 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Mexico 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Mexique 2003
    Keywords: Environment ; Mexico
    Abstract: Este libro es parte del Programa de Evaluaciones de Desempeño Ambiental de la OCDE, el cual conduce exámenes entre pares sobre las condiciones ambientales y el progreso de cada país miembro. El Programa hace un seguimiento detallado de los esfuerzos orientados a alcanzar los objetivos nacionales y a cubrir los compromisos internacionales. Los análisis presentados están apoyados por un amplio espectro de datos económicos y ambientales que devienen en recomendaciones para un subsecuente progreso ambiental y de desarrollo sustentable. El primer ciclo de Evaluaciones del Desempeño Ambiental se terminó en el año 2000, abarcando a todos los países miembros. El segundo ciclo se enfoca al análisis de la gestión del medio ambiente, desarrollo sustentable y compromisos internacionales.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264071155
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 431; In Vitro Skin Corrosion; Human Skin Model Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 431: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'essai décrit dans cette Ligne directrice permet l'identification des substances et des mélanges chimiques corrosifs ; et permet également d'identifier les substances et mélanges non-corrosifs. Le protocole d'essai peut également fournir une indication pour la distinction des substances plus ou moins corrosives pour la peau. Cette Ligne directrice n'exige pas l'utilisation de tissu d'animal ou d’animal vivant pour l'évaluation de la corrosivité cutanée. La substance d'essai (solide ou liquide) est appliquée localement et uniformément sur un modèle tridimensionnel de peau humaine, comportant au moins un épiderme reconstruit avec un stratum corneum fonctionnel. Deux réplicats sont employés pour chaque traitement (durée d'exposition), et pour les contrôles. Les substances corrosives sont identifiées sur la base de leur capacité à réduire la viabilité cellulaire en dessous des valeurs seuils définies pour des périodes d'exposition spécifiques. Le principe de l'essai sur modèle de peau humaine repose sur l'hypothèse que les produits chimiques corrosifs peuvent pénétrer le stratum corneum par diffusion ou érosion, et sont cytotoxiques pour les couches cellulaires sous-jacentes.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264070332
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 222; Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode d’essai est conçue pour évaluer les effets des produits chimiques dans le sol sur le taux de reproduction (et d'autres critères sub-létaux) de deux espèces de lombric : Eisenia fetida ou Eisenia andrei. Des vers adultes sont exposés à une gamme des concentrations de la substance d'essai, mélangée dans le sol ou appliquée sur la surface du sol. La gamme des concentrations d'essai est choisie pour couvrir les concentrations susceptibles de provoquer des effets à la fois sub-létaux et létaux, sur une période de huit semaines. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 1000 mg/kg. Cette étude inclut l'observation de comportements inhabituels et de la morphologie, le comptage et le pesage des vers adultes après les quatre premières semaines et le nombre de juvéniles éclos à la fin de la deuxième période de quatre semaines. Le taux de reproduction des vers exposés à la substance d'essai est comparé à celui des témoins afin de déterminer la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) et/ou la CEx, en utilisant un modèle de régression pour estimer la concentration qui entraînerait une réduction de x% du taux de reproduction. Les concentrations expérimentales doivent couvrir la CEx de façon à ce que la CEx soit interpolée plutôt qu’extrapolée.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264069954
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 202; Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une épreuve de toxicité aiguë pour évaluer des effets des produits chimiques sur les daphnies (habituellement Daphnia magna Staus). De jeunes daphnies, âgées de moins de 24 heures au début de l'essai, sont exposées à une gamme des concentrations de la substance d'essai (au moins cinq concentrations) pendant une période de 48 heures. L'immobilisation est enregistrée à 24 heures et à 48 heures et comparée aux valeurs contrôles. Les résultats sont analysés afin de calculer la CE50 à 48h. La détermination de la CE50 à 24h est facultative. Au moins 20 animaux, de préférence divisés en quatre groupes de cinq animaux chacun, devraient être employés à chaque concentration d'essai et pour les contrôles. Au moins 2 ml de solution d'essai devraient être prévus pour chaque animal (c.-à-d. un volume de 10 ml pour cinq daphnies par récipient d'essai). L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 100 mg/l. Le rapport d'étude inclut l'observation des daphnies immobilisées à 24 et 48 heures après le début de l'essai, et les mesures d'oxygène dissous, de pH, de la concentration de la substance d'essai, au début et à la fin de l'essai.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264079090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.40
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which cause respiratorytract irritation and corrosion.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264078796
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.28
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This guidance document has been prepared to support technical aspects of the OECD skin absorption test guidelines. In particular is discusses the various aspects of in vivo vs. in vitro testing.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264079120
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.44
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This paper presents internationally harmonised generic and technical terms used in chemical hazard/risk assessment which will help facilitate the mutual use and acceptance of the assessment of chemicals between countries, saving resources for both governments and industry.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264078857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (217 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.38
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This detailed background review paper provides a summary of the relevant literature (up to September 2001) relevant to the standardisation and validation of the rodent uterotrophic bioassay. The rodent uterotrophic bioassay is being validated as part of the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. The rodent uterotrophic bioassay is based on the principle that the uterus is under the control of oestrogens to stimulate and maintain growth. If endogenous sources of this hormone are not available, the animal will require an exogenous source to initiate and/or restore uterine growth.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264084995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Établissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Établissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document is intended for use by test facilities that are required to operate in compliance with the Principles of GLP, for organisations that supply support, e.g. contract archives, contract quality assurance units or IT services and for sponsors, GLP compliance monitoring authorities and receiving authorities. Organisations should ensure that they evaluate applicable regulatory requirements against their business needs. Certain aspects of archive construction and operation may have implications for compliance with building regulations or legislation regarding public health and safety. Guidance on these aspects is outside the scope of this document. Test facilities and other organisations, engaged in archiving GLP records and material, might benefit from the use of recognised archiving management standards including those concerning metadata.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264079137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (83 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.45
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Document is addressed to those who are involved in risk assessment and management of chemicals called POPs (persistent organic pollutants) or PBTs (persistent and bio-accumulating toxics). It is about using multimedia models, i.e. generic evaluative models that can calculate overall environmental persistence (Pov) and potential for long-range transport (LTRP) covering multiple compartments such as air, water, sediment and soil: what models you can use to identify and characterize POPs/PBTs, what data to use, and how to use model calculations.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9264108262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radiation protection
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9264107711
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear science
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Information Exchange Meeting on the Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2 : 2003 : Argonne, Ill.) Nuclear production of hydrogen
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Konferenzschrift ; Wasserstofferzeugung ; Kernreaktion
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9264006672 , 9789264006676
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Series Statement: Nuclear safety
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Debris impact on emergency coolant recirculation
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264017092 , 9264017097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Evaluating local economic and employment development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La evaluacion del desarrollo economico y del empleo a nivel local
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Beschäftigungsprogramm ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264107786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Canada 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Canada 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Canada
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive 2004 report on Canada's environmental policies and programmes systematically examines policy related to air, water, and nature/biodiversity as well as the interface between environmental policy and economic policy, social policy, and specific sectors. It finds that while Canada has made satisfactory progress since 1985, there are still significant challenges, and the report makes specific recommendations for more use of economic instruments and use of the polluter and user pays principles, rationalising water governance, strengthening nature protection, reducing energy intensity, implementing climate change policies, reviewing environmentally related taxes, and implementing marine and aid commitments.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264071094
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 428; Skin Absorption; In Vitro Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 428: Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode d’essai a été conçue pour fournir des informations sur l'absorption d'une substance d'essai (idéalement radiomarquée) appliquée à la surface d'un échantillon de peau séparant les deux compartiments (un compartiment donneur et un compartiment receveur) d'une cellule à diffusion. Des cellules à diffusion statique ou dynamique peuvent indifféremment être utilisées. Les peaux d’humain ou d’animaux peuvent être employées. Bien qu’une peau viable soit préférée, une peau non viable peut également être employée. Il a été démontré que la peau peut métaboliser certains produits chimiques pendant l'absorption cutanée. Dans ce cas, les métabolites du produit chimique d'essai peuvent être analysés par des méthodes appropriées. Normalement, plusieurs concentrations de la substance d’essai sont utilisées dans les formulations types, de façon à couvrir une gamme réaliste d’expositions humaines potentielles. L’application devrait simuler l'exposition humaine, normalement 1-5 mg/cm2 de peau pour un solide et jusqu'à 10 µl/cm2 pour des liquides. La température doit être constante parce qu’elle influe sur la diffusion passive des produits chimiques. L'absorption d'une substance d'essai au cours d'une période donnée (normalement 24h) est mesurée par l'analyse du fluide récepteur et la distribution de la substance d'essai dans le système d'essai. Le profil d'absorption en fonction du temps devrait être présenté.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264070301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220; Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220: Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil. Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into an artificial soil. Ten worms are randomly allocated to each test vessel. A range-finding test should be used, for two weeks, in case of no sufficient information. The duration of the definitive test is six weeks. At the end the total number of juveniles produced by parent animal and the survival of parent animals are assessed. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. The study report should include the adult morphological changes, the number of offspring. The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264079106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.41
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264071131
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 430; In Vitro Skin Corrosion; Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 430: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le Système Général Harmonisé de Classification et d'Étiquetage des Produits Chimiques définit la corrosion cutanée comme la survenue de lésions irréversibles de la peau après l'application d’une substance d'essai. La substance d'essai (150 µL pour des liquides ou des solides auxquels sont ajouté 150µL de l'eau désionisée) est appliquée pendant une durée n’excédant pas 24 heures sur les surfaces épidermiques des disques de peau (trois disques de peau sont employés pour chaque substance d'essai et de contrôle) dans un système d'essai à deux compartiments dans lequel les disques de peau font office de séparation entre les compartiments. Les disques de peau sont pris sur des rats âgés 28-30 jours euthanasiés. Les substances corrosives sont identifiées par leur capacité à produire une perte de l’intégrité du stratum corneum normal et de sa fonction de barrière, qui est mesurée par la réduction du RET au-dessous d'un seuil d'avertissement (5kΩ pour le rat). Une étape de coloration incorporée à la procédure d'essai permet de déterminer si l'augmentation de la perméabilité ionique est due à la destruction physique du stratum corneum.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264070561
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 312; Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 312: Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described in this Test Guideline is based on soil column chromatography in disturbed soil. Two types of experiments are performed to determine (i) the leaching potential of the test substance, and (ii) the leaching potential of transformation products in soils under controlled laboratory conditions. At least duplicate leaching columns are packed with untreated, air-dried and sieved soil (〈 2 mm) up to a height of approximately 30 cm. Afterwards they are saturated and equilibrated with an “artificial rain” solution and allowed to drain. Then the surface of each soil column is treated with the test substance (non-volatile in water and soil) and/or with aged residues of the test substance. Artificial rain is applied to the soil columns and the leachate is collected. After the leaching process the soil is removed from the columns and is sectioned into an appropriate number of segments depending on the information required from the study. A reference substance (atrazine or monuron) should be used in the leaching experiments. For each soil segment and leachate fraction, the amounts of test substance, transformation products, non-extractables and, if included, of the reference substance should be given in % of applied initial dose.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264069947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 202; Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 202: Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an acute toxicity test to assess effects of chemicals towards daphnids (usually Daphnia magna Staus). Young daphnids, aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test, are exposed to the test substance at a range of concentrations (at least five concentrations) for a period of 48 hours. Immobilisation is recorded at 24 hours and 48 hours and compared with control values. The results are analysed in order to calculate the EC50 at 48h. Determination of the EC50 at 24h is optional. At least 20 animals, preferably divided into four groups of five animals each, should be used at each test concentration and for the controls. At least 2 ml of test solution should be provided for each animal (i.e. a volume of 10 ml for five daphnids per test vessel). The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. The study report should include the observation for immobilized daphnids at 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the test and the measures of dissolved oxygen, pH, concentration of the test substance, at the beginning and end of the test.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264070578
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 312; Leaching in Soil Columns
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 312: Leaching in Soil Columns
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode décrite dans cette Ligne directrice est basée sur la chromatographie sur colonne de sol avec un sol mélangé. Deux types d'essais sont exécutés pour déterminer (i) le potentiel de lixiviation de la substance d'essai, et (ii) le potentiel de lixiviation des produits de transformation dans les sols dans des conditions contrôlées en laboratoire. Au moins deux colonnes de lixiviation sont remplies de sol non traité, séché à l'air et tamisé (〈 2 mm) jusqu'à une hauteur d’environ 30 cm. Elles sont saturées et équilibrées avec une solution de «pluie artificielle » et on les laisse s’égoutter. Ensuite, la surface de chaque colonne de sol est traitée avec la substance d'essai (non-volatile dans l'eau et le sol) et/ou avec les résidus « âgés » de la substance d'essai. La pluie artificielle est appliquée aux colonnes de sol et le lixiviat est recueilli. Après que la lixiviation, le sol est enlevé des colonnes et est fractionné en un nombre de segments dépendant des informations à tirer de l’étude. Une substance de référence (atrazine ou monuron) doit être employée dans les essais de lixiviation. Pour chaque fraction de sol et de lixiviat, les quantités de substance d'essai, de produits de transformation, de fractions non extractibles et, le cas échéant, de la substance de référence doivent être indiquées en pourcentage de dose initiale appliquée.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264079113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.42
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This document contains guidance for using the summary exposure information reporting formats, which were developed by the OECD Ad Hoc Group on Reporting Summary Exposure Information. The objective of the work of this Ad Hoc Group is to develop flexible formats and guidance for the reporting of summary exposure information (quantitative and qualitative), which can be used in various chemical assessment programs.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264079151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.47
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of fish screening assays for chemicals active at the endocrine level on the reproductive system of test animals.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264071179
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 432; In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 432: In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode pour évaluer la photo-cytotoxicité par la réduction relative de la viabilité des cellules exposées au produit chimique en présence ou en absence de la lumière. Des cellules de Balb/c 3T3 sont maintenues en culture pendant 24 h jusqu’à la formation de monocouches. Deux plaques de 96 puits sont préincubés avec huit concentrations différentes de la substance d'essai pendant 1 h. Ensuite, l’une des deux plaques est exposée à la dose d'irradiation non-cytotoxique la plus élevée tandis que l'autre plaque est maintenue dans l'obscurité. La cytotoxicité, dans cet essai, est exprimée comme la diminution, dépendante de la concentration, de l’absorption et de la fixation du colorant vital rouge neutre (NR) 24 heures après traitement avec le produit chimique et l'irradiation. NR pénètre les membranes cellulaires par non-diffusion, en s'accumulant dans les lysosomes. L’altération de la surface cellulaire de la membrane lysosomale sensible entraine une fragilité lysosomale et d'autres changements qui deviennent graduellement irréversibles. Ceci entraîne une diminution de la fixation du rouge neutre. Il est ainsi possible de distinguer les cellules viables, endommagées ou mortes. Pour prévoir le potentiel phototoxique, les réponses de concentration obtenues en présence et en l'absence d'irradiation sont comparées, habituellement au niveau de l’CE50, c.-à-d., à la concentration ramenant la viabilité des cellules à 50 %, par rapport aux contrôles non traités. Logiciel à utiliser pour les essais 425, 432, 455. Cliquer ici. Logiciel non couvert par l’Acceptation Mutuelle des Données.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264020139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: The papers in this conference proceedings address the various conceptual, measurement and statistical policy issues that arise when applying accounting frameworks to the concept of sustainable development.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264071162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432; Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to evaluate photo-cytotoxicity by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the chemical in the presence versus absence of light. Balb/c 3T3 cells are maintained in culture for 24 h for formation of monolayers. Two 96-well plates are pre-incubated with eight different concentrations of the test substance for 1 h. Thereafter one of the two plates is exposed to the highest non-cytotoxic irradiation dose whereas the other plate is kept in the dark. Cytotoxicity in this test is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the Vital dye Neutral Red (NR) when measured 24 hours after treatment with the test chemical and irradiation. NR penetrates cell membranes by non-diffusion, accumulating in lysosomes. Alterations of the cell surface of the sensitive lysosomal membrane lead to lysosomal fragility and other changes that gradually become irreversible. Such changes result in a decreased uptake and binding of NR. It is thus possible to distinguish between viable, damaged or dead cells. To predict the phototoxic potential, the concentration responses obtained in the presence and in the absence of irradiation are compared, usually at the IC50 level, i.e., the concentration reducing cell viability to 50 % compared to the untreated controls. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264071087
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 428; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vitro
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 428: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test method has been designed to provide information on absorption of a test substance, (ideally radiolabelled), applied to the surface of a skin sample separating the two chambers (a donor chamber and a receptor chamber) of a diffusion cell. Static and flow-through diffusion cells are both acceptable. Skin from human or animal sources can be used. Although viable skin is preferred, non-viable skin can also be used. The skin has been shown to have the capability to metabolise some chemicals during percutaneous absorption. In this case, metabolites of the test chemical may be analysed by appropriate methods. Normally more than one concentration of the test substance is used in typical formulations, spanning the realistic range of potential human exposures. The application should mimic human exposure, normally 1-5 mg/cm2 of skin for a solid and up to 10 µl/cm2 for liquids. The temperature must be constant because it affects the passive diffusion of chemicals. The absorption of a test substance during a given time period (normally 24h) is measured by analysis of the receptor fluid and the distribution of the test substance chemical in the test system and the absorption profile with time should be presented.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264070325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 222; Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 222: Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals in soil on the reproductive output (and other sub-lethal end points) of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei. Adult worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance either mixed into the soil or applied to the soil surface. The range of test concentrations is selected to encompass those likely to cause both sub-lethal and lethal effects over a period of eight weeks. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. This study includes the observation of unusual behaviour and morphology, the counting and weighing of the adult worms after the four primary weeks, the number of juveniles hatched at the end of the second 4-week period. The reproductive output of the worms exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264070295
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 219; Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Water
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 219: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Water
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode d’essai est conçue pour évaluer les effets de l'exposition prolongée à des produits chimiques sur des larves de Chironomus sp. , un diptère vivant dans les sédiments d’eau douce. Des chironomes au premier stade larvaire sont exposés à au moins cinq concentrations de la substance d'essai dans un système sédiment-eau. L'essai commence par l’introduction de larves au premier stade dans les béchers d'essai contenant le système sédiment-eau et l’ajout de la substance d'essai dans l'eau. Le taux d'apparition et de développement des chironomes est mesuré à la fin de l'essai. La durée maximum d'exposition est de 28 jours pour C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, et 65 jours pour C. tentans. La survie et le poids des larves peuvent également être mesurés, si nécessaire, après 10 jours (en ajoutant le nombre d'expériences identiques requis). Le rapport d'essai inclut la durée du développement et le nombre total de moucherons totalement émergés (le sexe et le nombre sont enregistrés quotidiennement), l'observation de tout comportement anormal, Le nombre de pupes visibles n'ayant pas réussi à émerger et la présence de tout amas d'oeufs déposé. Les données sont analysées soit à l'aide d'un modèle de régression pour estimer la concentration qui entraînerait une réduction de x% de l'émergence, de la survie des larves ou de leur croissance, soit par la vérification d'une hypothèse statistique afin de déterminer une CSEO/CMEO.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264070288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 219; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 219: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment-water systems. The test starts by placing first instar larvae into the test beakers containing the sediment-water system and subsequently spiking the test substance into the water. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour, the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence, larvae survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264108592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suède 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: This review of Sweden’s environmental performance takes stock of Sweden’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1996. It finds that Sweden has benefited from solid institutional and regulatory frameworks, extensive use of economic instruments, and significant planning and legislative reform. To meet its Environmental Quality Objectives, Sweden will need to implement more efficient environmental policies, further integrate environmental concerns with other policy, and further strengthen international environmental cooperation. The report makes 44 recommendations to help strengthen Sweden’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264108639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Espagne 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales; España 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Espagne 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales: España 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Spain
    Abstract: This review of Spain’s environmental performance takes stock of Spain’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1997. It finds that despite substantial increases in GDP, tourism, construction, population density in coastal areas, and road freight transport, progress has been made in decoupling some environmental pressures from economic growth and in developing environmental infrastructure. Nevertheless, Spain faces important challenges related to high energy intensity, high water use intensity, and increasing CO2 emissions and municipal waste. This report makes 46 recommendations to help strengthen Spain’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264021086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.7
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Series Statement: Policy issues in insurance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Insurance in the Baltic countries
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264070271
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 218; Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 218: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice est conçue pour évaluer les effets d’une exposition prolongée à des produits chimiques sur des larves Chironomus sp., un diptère vivant dans les sédiments d’eau douce. Des chironomes au premier stade larvaire sont exposés à au moins cinq concentrations de la substance d'essai dans un système sédiment-eau. La substance d'essai est incorporée au sédiment et des larves au premier stade sont introduites dans des béchers où les concentrations d'eau et de sédiment ont été stabilisées. Le taux d'apparition et de développement des chironomes est mesuré à la fin de l'essai. La durée maximum d'exposition est de 28 jours pour C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, et 65 jours pour C. tentans. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 1000 mg/kg. La survie et le poids des larves peuvent également être mesurés, si nécessaire, après 10 jours (en ajoutant le nombre d'expériences identiques requis). Le rapport d'essai inclut la durée du développement et le nombre total de moucherons totalement émergés (le sexe et le nombre sont enregistrés quotidiennement), l'observation de tout comportement anormal, le nombre de pupes visibles n'ayant pas réussi à émerger et la présence de tout amas d'oeufs déposés. Les données sont analysées soit à l'aide d'un modèle de régression pour estimer la concentration qui entraînerait une réduction de x% de l'émergence, de la survie des larves ou de leur croissance, soit par la vérification d'une hypothèse statistique afin de déterminer une CSEO/CMEO.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264069831
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 117; Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 117: Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cet Ligne directrice décrit la méthode HPLC, qui permet de déterminer le coefficient de partage (n-octanol/eau) (Poe). La HPLC à phase inverse utilise des colonnes analytiques remplies de phase silice (achetée dans le commerce) greffée avec de longues chaînes hydrocarbonées. Les produits chimiques sont retenus dans la colonne proportionnellement à leur coefficient de partage hydrocarbure-eau, les substances hydrophiles étant éluées les premières et les substances lipophiles les dernières. La méthode HPLC à phase inverse permet d’estimer les coefficients de partage dans une plage de log Poe allant de 0 à 6, mais cette plage peut être étendue de 6 à 10 dans certains cas exceptionnels. Le mode d'opération de la HPLC est isocratique. La substance d'essai est injectée dans les plus petites quantités discernables dans la colonne. Le temps de rétention est déterminé deux fois. Le coefficient de partage de la substance d'essai est obtenu par l'interpolation du facteur de capacité calculé sur le graphique de calibrage. Pour les coefficients de partage très bas ou très élevés, l’extrapolation est nécessaire.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264071148
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ;Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431: Corrosion cutanée in vitro :Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The test described in this Test Guideline allows the identification of corrosive chemical substances and mixtures and it enables the identification of non-corrosive substances and mixtures when supported by a weight of evidence determination using other existing information. The test protocol may also provide an indication of the distinction between severe and less severe skin corrosives. This Test Guideline does not require the use of live animals or animal tissue for the assessment of skin corrosivity. The test material (solid or liquid) is applied uniformly and topically to a three-dimensional human skin model, comprising at least a reconstructed epidermis with a functional stratum corneum. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure periods. The principle of the human skin model assay is based on the hypothesis that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264070547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 309; Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles - Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 309: Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this test is to measure the time course of biodegradation of a test substance at low concentration in aerobic natural water and to quantify the observations in the form of kinetic rate expressions. The test is performed in batch by “pelagic test” or “suspended sediment test” to simulate a water body with suspended solids or re-suspended sediment. The test flasks are incubated in darkness at an environmental temperature under aerobic conditions and agitation during 60 days normally. At least two different concentrations of test substance (non-volatile or slightly volatile organic) should be used. The maximum test concentration should be less than 100µg/L (biodegradation following first order kinetics) and the lowest test concentration preferably in the range of ‹1-10µg/L. Two subsamples should be withdrawn from each test flask at each sampling time. Degradation is followed at appropriate time intervals, by measuring either the residual 14C or the residual concentration of test substance. The total mineralisation and the primary biodegradation are determined by a different 14C labeling part of the molecule. Periodic measurements of pH and oxygen concentration in the test system must be conducted.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264084988
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Série OCDE sur les principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et la vérification du respect de ces principes no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Application of the Principles of GLP to in vitro Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: The Application of the Principles of GLP to in vitro Studies
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’objet du présent document est de favoriser une application et une interprétation correctes des principes de BPL dans l’organisation et la conduite des études in vitro, et de formuler des orientations sur la bonne application de ces principes aux études in vitro, à l’intention des installations d’essai (direction, assurance qualité, directeur de l’étude et personnel) et des autorités nationales chargées du contrôle de leur application. Le présent document vise à apporter ces indications supplémentaires sur l’interprétation des principes et des orientations sur leur application aux études in vitro conduites à des fins réglementaires. Son plan respecte l’ordre dans lequel sont présentés les principes de BPL, de manière à faciliter sa consultation.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264085008
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Série OCDE sur les principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et la vérification du respect de ces principes no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establishment and Control of Archives that Operate in Compliance with the Principles of GLP
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Establishment and Control of Archives that Operate in Compliance with the Principles of GLP
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce document est destiné aux installations d’essai qui sont tenues de se conformer aux Principes de BPL dans le cadre de leur fonctionnement, aux structures de soutien, telles que les sous-traitants s’occupant de l’archivage ou de l’assurance qualité et les services informatiques, ainsi qu’aux donneurs d’ordre, aux autorités chargées de vérifier le respect des Principes de BPL et aux autorités d’accueil. Les organisations doivent veiller à tenir compte des exigences réglementaires applicables dans l’évaluation des besoins de leur activité. Certains aspects de la constitution et du fonctionnement des archives peuvent avoir des conséquences pour le respect des règlements de construction ou de la législation en vigueur en matière de santé publique et de sécurité. La formulation d’orientations à propos de ces aspects n’entre pas dans le champ du présent document. Les installations d’essai et les autres organisations procédant à l’archivage de pièces et de matériaux dans le cadre des BPL peuvent éventuellement avoir intérêt à recourir à des normes reconnues de gestion des archives, y compris celles concernant les métadonnées.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264017320 , 9264017321
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Entrepreneurship
    RVK:
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Städtischer Niedergang ; Stadterneuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Konferenzschrift ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftsförderung
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9264016724
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Strategy selection for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9264017348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Series Statement: Nuclear science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA, USA, 10 - 12 April 2002
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9264016988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.6
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Private pensions series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Supervising private pensions
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264070264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment - water systems. The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264084971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des Principes de BPL aux études in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this document is to facilitate the proper application and interpretation of the GLP Principles for the organisation and management of in vitro studies, and to provide guidance for the appropriate application of the GLP Principles to in vitro studies, both for test facilities (management, QA, study director and personnel), and for national GLP compliance monitoring authorities. This Advisory Document intends to provide such additional interpretation of the Principles and guidance for their application to in vitro studies carried out for regulatory purposes. It is organised in such a way as to provide easy reference to the GLP Principles by following the sequence of the different parts of these GLP Principles.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264070318
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 220; Enchytraeid Reproduction Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 220: Enchytraeid Reproduction Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice est conçue pour évaluer les effets des produits chimiques sur la reproduction d’un ver enchytrée, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, dans le sol. Des enchytrées adultes sont exposés à une gamme de concentrations de la substance d'essai mélangée à un sol artificiel. Dix vers sont aléatoirement assignés à chaque récipient d'essai. Un essai de détermination de l’ordre de grandeur des concentrations devrait être utilisé, durant deux semaines, si des informations manquent. La durée de l'essai définitif est de six semaines. À la fin de l’essai le nombre total de vers juvéniles produits par animal parent et la survie des animaux parents sont évalués. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 1000 mg/kg. Le rapport d'essai inclut les changements morphologiques des adultes, le nombre de descendants. Le taux de reproduction des animaux exposés à la substance d'essai est comparé à celui des témoins afin de déterminer la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) et/ou la CEx, à l'aide d'un modèle de régression pour estimer la concentration qui entraînerait une réduction de x% du taux de reproduction. Les concentrations expérimentales doivent couvrir la CEx, de façon à ce que la CEx soit interpolée plutôt qu'extrapolée.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264071063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 427; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vivo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 427: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vivo
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vivo percutaneous absorption study set out in this Test Guideline provides the linkage necessary to extrapolate from oral studies when making safety assessments following dermal exposure. The in vivo method, described in this guideline, allows the determination of the penetration of the test substance through the skin into the systemic compartment. The test substance, preferably radiolabelled, is applied, for a fixed period of time, to the clipped skin of animals at one or more appropriate dose levels in the form of a representative in-use preparation. The rat is the most commonly used species. At least four animals of one sex should be used for each test preparation and each scheduled termination time. A known amount of the test preparation is evenly applied to the site. This amount should normally mimic potential human exposure, typically 1-5 mg/cm² for a solid or up to 10 µl/cm² for liquids. A relevant exposure period (typically 6 or 24 hours) should be used, based on the expected human exposure duration. The animals should be observed for signs of toxicity/abnormal reactions at intervals for the entire duration of the study. This study includes: daily measurements (excreta), regular detailed observations, as well as sacrifice at the scheduled time and blood collected for analysis.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264069718
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 111; Hydrolysis as a Function of pH
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 111: Hydrolysis as a Function of pH
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode d’essai, en laboratoire, permettant d’évaluer les transformations hydrolytiques abiotiques des substances chimiques en milieux aquatiques, à des valeurs de pH normalement rencontrées dans l’environnement (pH de 4 à 9). Cette Ligne directrice décrit une approche à plusieurs niveaux ; chaque niveau est déclenché par les résultats du niveau précédent. Des solutions aqueuses tampon, stériles, de différents pH (pH 4, 7 et 9) sont traitées avec la substance d’essai marquée ou non (une seule concentration n’excédant pas 0.01M ou la moitié de la concentration de saturation), puis incubées dans l’obscurité dans des conditions expérimentales contrôlées (à des températures constantes). Après des intervalles de temps appropriés, on analyse les solutions tampon pour déterminer la concentration de la substance d’essai et des produits d’hydrolyse. L’essai préliminaire doit être réalisé pendant 5 jours à 50 ± 0,5 °C et aux pH suivants : 4,0, 7,0 et 9,0. Le niveau 2 consiste en l’hydrolyse des substances instables, et le troisième niveau est l’identification des produits d’hydrolyse. Les essais des niveaux supérieurs doivent être conduits jusqu’à 90 pour cent d’hydrolyse de la substance d’essai, ou pendant 30 jours, au premier des deux termes échus.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107830
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Strategy; 2004 Review of Progress
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Strategy: 2004 Review of Progress
    Keywords: Economic development Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Environmental policy OECD countries ; Natural resources OECD countries ; Management ; Quality of life OECD countries ; Environment
    Abstract: En 2001, les ministres de l’Environnement des pays de l’OCDE ont adopté une Stratégie de l’environnement ambitieuse pour les dix premières années du XXIème siècle. Cette Stratégie trace des orientations claires en faveur de politiques écologiquement viables et énonce cinq grands objectifs :• maintenir l’intégrité des écosystèmes par la gestion rationnelle des ressources naturelles ;• découpler les pressions sur l’environnement de la croissance économique ;• améliorer les informations pour la prise de décision : mesurer les progrès au moyen d’indicateurs ;• l’interface social-environnement : améliorer la qualité de vie ;• interdépendance environnementale à l’échelle planétaire : améliorer la gouvernance et la coopération.Ce rapport évalue les progrès réalisés par les pays membres de l’OCDE au regard de ces objectifs et dans la mise en œuvre des 71 actions au niveau national sur lesquelles ils se sont mis d’accord dans le cadre de la Stratégie de l’environnement. L'ouvrage est destiné aux décideurs et aux économistes de l’environnement.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104983
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can Cars Come Clean?; Strategies for Low-Emission Vehicles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can Cars Come Clean?: Strategies for Low-Emission Vehicles
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Kraftfahrzeugabgas ; Luftverschmutzung ; Treibhauseffekt ; Neue Technologie ; Emissionsverringerung ; Alternativkraftstoff ; Biokraftstoff
    Abstract: Ce rapport identifie des options stratégiques et recommande des actions pour promouvoir l’achat et l’utilisation des véhicules les plus respectueux de l’environnement. Il évalue l’impact d’une utilisation accrue des véhicules à faibles émissions, en se fondant sur les expériences réunies à ce jour, ainsi qu’une enquête à laquelle 18 pays de l’OCDE ont répondu. Cet ouvrage décrit dans un vocabulaire non technique les performances actuelles et attendues des technologies conventionnelles et innovantes. Il est destiné aux décideurs dans le monde entier ainsi qu’au lecteur occasionnel.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264108325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (323 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation Economic aspects ; Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Auswirkung ; Bewertung ; Umweltschutz ; Externer Effekt ; Sozialer Ertrag ; Wohlfahrtseffekt ; Nutzen ; Quantifizierung
    Abstract: The Benefits of Climate Change Policies provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in assessment of the global benefits of climate change policies. It includes recent analyses and viewpoints from well-known scientists and policy analysts, including John Callaway (UNEP Risoe Centre), Henry Jacoby (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Sam Hitz and Joel Smith (Stratus Consulting), Roger Jones (CSIRO, Australia), Michele Pittini and Mujaba Rahman (UK government), John Schellnhuber (and other co-authors from Tyndall Centre, UK), Stephen Schneider (Stanford University), and Tom Wigley (NCAR).
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264105539
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Aspects fondamentaux des assurances no.6
    Series Statement: Aspects fondamentaux des assurances
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Risks and Insurance; A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Riesgos Ambientales y Seguros ; Un análisis comparativo del papel de los seguros en la gestión de riesgos relacionados con el medio ambiente
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental Risks and Insurance: A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Riesgos Ambientales y Seguros : Un análisis comparativo del papel de los seguros en la gestión de riesgos relacionados con el medio ambiente
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: De l’incidence croissante de la pollution environnementale et de la contamination des sols, aux catastrophes naturelles récurrentes, les risques engendrés par l’interaction constante entre les activités humaines et l’environnement sont nombreux, de nature très diverse, et souvent catastrophiques dans leurs conséquences. L’élaboration de plans de gestion des risques efficaces, visant à énoncer des stratégies viables, appelle la contribution de tous les acteurs économiques concernés: secteur privé, gouvernements, institutions financières et organisations internationales. Ce rapport se concentre sur le rôle de l’assurance et de la réassurance dans la gestion des risques environnementaux – risque de pollution environnementale et risque de catastrophes naturelles en particulier. Il aborde la question de l’assurabilité de ce type de risques, analyse le risque croissant que représente la responsabilité pour pollution environnementale et les tendances sous-jacentes dans le développement des régimes de responsabilité environnementale dans les pays de l’OCDE. Cet ouvrage présente également les différents produits et techniques d’assurance développés en réponse aux évolutions légales et factuelles. Il décrit aussi les caractéristiques des risques de catastrophes naturelles, le rôle des marchés d’assurance traditionnels dans la couverture de ces périls, et les options de couverture alternatives, allant des mécanismes de compensation gouvernementaux aux nouveaux produits développés sur les marchés financiers.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 388
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Progress towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) will require widespread acceptance of this need and a mix of measures designed to achieve the necessary changes to overcome these barriers. Some of the measures will be hard measures, which include taxes, emission standards, speed limits, and other fiscal and regulatory instruments. Others will be soft, such as the provision of information and the use of communication strategies and educational techniques. The book examines the measures needed.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018624
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel pour la création de marchés de la biodiversité ; Principaux enjeux
    DDC: 333.95/16
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Striking the right balance between the conservation/sustainable use and the loss of biodiversity requires accounting for all the impacts of its destruction. Weighing the loss against any potential benefits will ensure that the social, as well as economic, well-being of everyone are at the best levels possible. Market-based economic systems have the potential to ensure that such a balancing occurs, but require that all the impacts of its loss, or use, have been fully internalised into market transactions. This book shows how public policy in the form of market creation can be used to internalise the loss of biodiversity. It promotes the use of markets to ensure that our collective preferences for conservation and sustainable use are reflected in economic outcomes.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264018839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.7913
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Electronic books ; Energieverbrauch ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: This publication examines how energy efficiency and other factors such as economic structure, income, lifestyle, prices, and fuel mix have shaped developments of energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries since the IEA was founded 30 years ago. The study presents some challenging findings, e.g. that the rate of energy savings in IEA economies has slowed since 1990. It provides a rich set of data and insights that help to increase the understanding of how energy efficiency and lower-carbon fuels can be used to achieve a more sustainable future.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (568 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: These are the proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture held in June 2003. The Workshop covered two broad themes: the contribution of agricultural biomass to sustainability; and the policy approaches for developing agricultural biomass. The book proposes a wealth of material relating to agricultural biomass, bio energy and biomaterials in OECD countries. It is hoped that this will contribute to the current and future debate on agricultural biomass, particularly in the context of agricultural policy reform and the advancement of policies for sustainable development.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.791505
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The papers in this book cover the experience of developing and transition countries with greenhouse gas emissions trading and project-based mechanisms and examine the use of tradeable permits in policy mixes and harmonisation of emissions trading schemes, as well as transition issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions trading markets. This book presents a selection of papers presented in Paris, France, in March 2003, at the OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development: Emissions Trading. The Forum was co-sponsored by the Concerted Action on Tradeable Emissions Permits (CATEP).
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.738/746/09177
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The search for cost-effective environmental policy measures has led to an increase in the use of tradeable permit systems. This publication offers valuable lessons for applying tradeable permits and provides links between policy evaluation and policy making general. It is for government officials responsible for the implementation and reform of tradeable permit systems, researchers concerned with their analysis and evaluation, and other stakeholders interested in the more general issues associated with environmental policy design and evaluation.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Aspects of Extended Producer Responsibility; (Chinese version)
    DDC: 650.107
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), a policy approach in which the responsibility of the waste from a consumer good is extended back up to the producer of the good, is developing and expanding in OECD countries. Governments find that these schemes can provide a new and flexible approach to reduce the upward trend of waste from consumer products. To address these issues, OECD organised a workshop in December 2002, which was hosted by the Japanese Ministry of Environment, in Tokyo. This book contains selected papers presented at this workshop.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264108684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Migration et emploi ; Les accords bilatéraux à la croisée des chemins
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Migration for employment
    DDC: 331.6/2/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Personalbeschaffung ; Internationales Abkommen ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration
    Abstract: This report opens with an overview of bilateral agreements and other forms of labour recruitment of foreigners in several OECD countries (Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States) as well as in the Philippines and Romania. It then has a series of chapters describing the management and implementation of these practices and analysing the impact of these agreements on labour markets, economic development and migration policies of both sending and receiving countries. It also examines the prospects for this type of migration. The Annex lists the principal agreements signed by OECD countries, by type of recruitment scheme (e.g. seasonal, contract workers, trainees and guest workers).
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voitures propres ; stratégies pour des véhicules peu polluants
    DDC: 629.2528
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report identifies policy options and makes recommendations on market-oriented actions to promote the purchase of the most environmentally friendly vehicles. It assesses the impact of a wider use of low-emission vehicles, drawing on experience to date, research results and the responses to a survey from 18 OECD countries. The main section – Policy Options – presents in non-technical language, the current and expected performance of conventional and innovative technologies. It is for policy makers worldwide, economists and the casual reader.
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