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  • 2020-2022
  • 2000-2004  (2,804)
  • 1945-1949
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,804)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105737
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 373.81
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Sekundarstufe 2 ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Methode
    Abstract: The International Survey of Upper Secondary Schools (ISUSS) was established to determine how successful upper secondary schools are in preparing young adults for life. It investigates key factors which shape the success of upper secondary students' learning. This publication describes the methodology of the survey and allows researchers to understand and replicate its analyses.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (119 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Print version Czech Republic
    DDC: 361.9437
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Tschechoslowakei ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS; Chapter 1 THE CHALLENGE AHEAD; Chapter 2 CURRENT LABOUR MARKET SITUATION OF OLDER WORKERS; Chapter 3 PROTECTING PEOPLE WHILE ENHANCING WORK INCENTIVES THE ROLE OF THE WELFARE SYSTEM; Chapter 4 REMOVING BARRIERS FACING EMPLOYERS; Chapter 5 HELPING OLDER WORKERS TO FIND JOBS AND TO CONTINUE WORKING; Chapter 6 CREATING GREATER EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL; BIBLIOGRAPHY;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Career Guidance : A Handbook for Policy Makers
    DDC: 339.5
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Berufsberatung ; Bildungsberatung
    Abstract: Despite many examples of good practice, large weaknesses exist in many countries' national career guidance services, according to extensive research conducted by the OECD, and by the Centre for the Development of Vocational Training and the European Training Foundation on behalf of the European Commission
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Table of Contents; 1. Introduction; 2. Career education and guidance in schools; 3. Career guidance young people at risk; 4. Career services in tertiary education; 5. Career guidance for unemployed adults; 6. Career guidance for employed adults; 7. Career guidance for older adults; 8. Expanding access to career guidance services; 9. Career guidance services for disadvantaged groups; 10. Improving career information; 11. Training and qualifications; 12. Funding career guidance; 13. Co-ordination and strategic leadership; 14. Ensuring the quality of career guidance
    Description / Table of Contents: 15. Assessing the effectiveness of career guidance16. Conclusion: The features of a lifelong guidance system; Annexes;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (409 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Fish Piracy : Combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing
    DDC: 346.046956
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Fischfang ; Illegalität ; Bekämpfung
    Abstract: Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. But the international community lacks hard evidence because IUU fishing activities are camouflaged and information and data are therefore often anecdotal
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; INTRODUCTION; KEY OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS; Chapter 1 Regulating IUU Fishing or Combating IUU Operations; Chapter 2 Global Review of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated; Chapter 3 IUU Fishing and State Control over Nationals; Chapter 4 Dealing with the Bad Actors of Ocean Fisheries; Chapter 5 Using Trade and Market Information to Assess IUUFishing Activities; Chapter 6 Flags of Convenience, Transhipment, Re-supply and At Sea Infrastructure in Relation to IUU Fishing; Chapter 7 Patagonian Toothfish The Storm Gathers
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 8 Gathering Data on Unreported Activities in Indian Ocean Tuna FisheriesChapter 9 Estimation of Unreported Catches by ICCAT; Chapter 10 IUU Fishing in the NEAFC Area; Chapter 11 Economic Aspects and Drivers of IUU Fishing; Chapter 12 The Cost of Being Apprehended for Fishing Illegally; Chapter 13 The Social Dimensions of IUU Fishing; Chapter 14 Incentives for Investment in IUU Fishing Capacity; Chapter 15 Efforts to Eliminate IUU Large-scale Tuna Longline Vessels; Chapter 16 ILO Submission to the Workshop on IUU Fishing Activities
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 17 IUU Fishing and the Cost to Flag of Convenience CountriesChapter 18 Advances in Port State Control Measures; Chapter 19 Potential Link Between IUU Fishing and the Status of Safety-Related Instruments Applicable to Fishing Vessels and Fishers; Chapter 20 Enforcement and Surveillance; Chapter 21 Working Together What Industry Can Do to Help; Chapter 22 Private Initiatives A Possible Way Forward; Chapter 23 Promoting Corporate Responsibility; Chapter 24 What Role for RFMOs; Chapter 25 The Development and Enforcement of National Plans of Action The Spanish Case
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 26 OECD Instruments and IUU FishingChapter 27 Measures Taken by Chinese Taipei in Combating FOC IUU Fishing; Chapter 28 Halting IUU Fishing: Enforcing International Fisheries Agreements; ANNEX - BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS, SPEAKERS AND SESSION CHAIRS;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 p)
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 332.7
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In October 2003, the OECD, together with the Chinese Government, invited industry experts to take stock of the achievements China has made in agricultural finance and credit infrastructure, and discuss future challenges in this area. Chinese policy makers and experts, representatives from the World Bank, FAO, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank and PlaNet Finance came together to share their views and experience. This report outlines the main issues discussed, and considers the role that the Chinese government should play within the reform process, now and in the future.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123119
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme de la réglementation des chemins de fer en Russie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia (Russian version)
    DDC: 385/.0947
    Keywords: Transport ; Russian Federation ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In this report, some of the world's leading experts in rail regulation examine the restructuring of the sector, focusing on tariff reform and the introduction of competition in one of the world's largest rail networks.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264016408
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et migrations ; Pour une main d'oeuvre mobile à l'échelle mondiale
    DDC: 331.12791
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Building on a recent groundbreaking OECD/IOM/World Bank seminar which brought together over 300 trade and migration officials, this book examines the main issues in the current debate on trade and migration as they relate to mode 4 and the current WTO services negotiations. It also explores possible ways forward for building greater understanding between the trade and migration policy communities on this important and timely issue, and seeks ways to unleash the potential of the temporary movement of service suppliers to bring significant gains to developed and developing countries alike.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017214
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 339.22
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; China, People’s Republic ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Electronic books ; China ; Einkommensunterschied ; OECD ; Einkommensunterschied
    Abstract: China has experienced spectacular economic growth since 1978, averaging 8 to 9% per year. As a result, on average, people’s standard of living is far higher than ever before in China’s history. However, economic disparities have also widened very significantly during this period, raising questions about the appropriateness and sustainability of existing policies. This book includes the papers from a seminar held in Paris on 20-21 October 2003 to explore the causes of China's growing economic disparities. The seminar was organised by the OECD and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of China. The papers by Chinese and OECD experts look at the driving forces behind these trends and discuss possible policy responses. The collection presents many comparisons with income inequality trends in OECD countries, including geographic disparities, and looks at ways to improve Chinese data on income distribution.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018624
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel pour la création de marchés de la biodiversité ; Principaux enjeux
    DDC: 333.95/16
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Striking the right balance between the conservation/sustainable use and the loss of biodiversity requires accounting for all the impacts of its destruction. Weighing the loss against any potential benefits will ensure that the social, as well as economic, well-being of everyone are at the best levels possible. Market-based economic systems have the potential to ensure that such a balancing occurs, but require that all the impacts of its loss, or use, have been fully internalised into market transactions. This book shows how public policy in the form of market creation can be used to internalise the loss of biodiversity. It promotes the use of markets to ensure that our collective preferences for conservation and sustainable use are reflected in economic outcomes.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Economic Aspects of Extended Producer Responsibility; (Chinese version)
    DDC: 650.107
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), a policy approach in which the responsibility of the waste from a consumer good is extended back up to the producer of the good, is developing and expanding in OECD countries. Governments find that these schemes can provide a new and flexible approach to reduce the upward trend of waste from consumer products. To address these issues, OECD organised a workshop in December 2002, which was hosted by the Japanese Ministry of Environment, in Tokyo. This book contains selected papers presented at this workshop.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 631.5
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book discusses the often diverging risks and opportunities associated with genetically engineered organisms in terms of the environment, food safety, and economics and trade. These issues were raised at the OECD Workshop on Challenges and Risks of GMOs - What Risk Analysis is Appropriate? Options for Future Policy Making Towards Integrated Agro-Food Systems, held in Maastricht, Netherlands, in July 2003. Discussions also covered the relevant WTO Agreements and their relationship with other multilateral accords as well as regional and national approaches.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015272
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338/.064
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This publication presents a collection of the policy-oriented empirical studies and stakeholders' views designed to show how patent regimes can contribute more efficiently to innovation and economic performance. Topics covered include the links between patents and economic performance, changes in patent regimes, patents and entrepreneurship, patents and diffusion of technology, IPR for software and technology, and current and future policy challenges.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789282113257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer l'accès aux transports publics
    DDC: 362.4/0483
    Keywords: Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: One of the key barriers to improving urban public transport access has been a lack of co-ordination between local authorities and public transport operators. The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) and the International Association of Public Transport (UITP) have joined forces to examine how public authorities and transport operators can better work together to improve urban public transport vehicles, systems, and associate infrastructure. This report is the fruit of a joint ECMT-UITP task force. It explores how improved co-operation between transport operators and local authorities — along with a close sustained dialogue with members of the disabled community — can ensure better accessibility to public transport. With a focus on four cities: Gothenburg, Grenoble, Prague and Liverpool, the report identifies the critical elements of partnerships between public authorities at different levels of government and public transport operators.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Print version Korea
    DDC: 331.3/98/09519
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Korea ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitspolitik ; Rentenversicherung
    Abstract: In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS; INTRODUCTION; Chapter 1 THE CHALLENGE AHEAD; Chapter 2 THE CURRENT LABOUR MARKET SITUATION; Chapter 3 STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE INCOME SUPPORT FOR OLDER PEOPLE AND WORK INCENTIVES; Chapter 4 ENCOURAGING EMPLOYERS TO RETAIN OLDER WORKERS; Chapter 5 BETTER ACCESS TO BETTER JOBS; Chapter 6 ENSURING POLICIES ARE COMPREHENSIVE AND COHERENT; BIBLIOGRAPHY;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (568 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Electronic books
    Abstract: These are the proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Biomass and Agriculture held in June 2003. The Workshop covered two broad themes: the contribution of agricultural biomass to sustainability; and the policy approaches for developing agricultural biomass. The book proposes a wealth of material relating to agricultural biomass, bio energy and biomaterials in OECD countries. It is hoped that this will contribute to the current and future debate on agricultural biomass, particularly in the context of agricultural policy reform and the advancement of policies for sustainable development.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108721
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 378.98
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Chile
    Abstract: This book focuses on the role of exchange rate regimes, market imperfections and trade policy to support the strengthening and diversification of the tradable sector in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Moreover, it analyses the agro-food sector, one of the pillars of the tradable sector in the region, and the role of foreign direct investment and competition policy. Overall it provides an integrated and original policy perspective on the factors underlying international competitiveness.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 363.738/746/09177
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The search for cost-effective environmental policy measures has led to an increase in the use of tradeable permit systems. This publication offers valuable lessons for applying tradeable permits and provides links between policy evaluation and policy making general. It is for government officials responsible for the implementation and reform of tradeable permit systems, researchers concerned with their analysis and evaluation, and other stakeholders interested in the more general issues associated with environmental policy design and evaluation.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et reconnaissance des diplômes de l'enseignement supérieur ; Un défi international
    DDC: 378.2
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Qualitätssicherung ; Qualifikation ; Ausbildung ; Anerkennung ; Grenzüberschreitende Kooperation ; Hochschulbildung ; Grenzüberschreitende Kooperation
    Abstract: With rapid growth in cross-border education and developments such as e-learning, for-profit providers, and remote campuses challenging accreditation frameworks, this book examines the situation in Canada, the United States, Europe, Australia, and Japan with a view towards working with UNESCO on a set of guidelines on quality provision in cross-border higher education.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264108202
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.7930947
    Keywords: Energy ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Coming In from the Cold provides a road map of options to help transition economy policy makers sort through key district heating issues. It finds that district heating systems in formerly socialist countries could save the equivalent of 80 billion cubic meters of natural gas a year through supply-side efficiency improvements. This is greater than total annual natural gas consumption in Italy! It provides detailed suggestions regarding reforms in regulation, competition, investment policy, and ownership and management structures that could save significant amounts of energy, and thereby boost energy security and help the environment.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264108356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 3) ; Nouvelle-Zélande, Portugal et Suisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses; Políticas de Conciliação da Actividade Profissional e da Vida Familiar (Volume 3); Nova Zelândia, Portugal e Suíça
    DDC: 331.25
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand ; Portugal ; Switzerland ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This study, part of a series on OECD countries, considers how a tax/benefit and childcare policies and workplace practices help determine parental labour market outcomes and may impinge on family formation in New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland. The book makes recommendations for policy reform aimed at a better reconciliation of work and family commitments in these three countries.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.47374
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Finance and Investment ; Electronic books ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: This book identifies important economic barriers to expanded investment in lifelong learning, describes outlines financial strategies for addressing them, and reviews recent experience with various co-financing schemes. It includes country-by-country reports on innovative co-financing arrangements for lifelong learning.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106161
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 338.4
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report highlights progress being made in modernising the banking, telecommunications, electricity, air freight sectors in the Baltic States. It analyses the impact of the EU Acquis communautaire on their regulatory frameworks and trade liberalisation process. It also provides valuable insights for the ongoing debate, confirming in particular the key role of effective domestic regulations and institutional regulatory setting, as well as the interaction of international and regional trade disciplines.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sécurité routière ; mieux protéger les enfants
    DDC: 363.125
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book outlines the progress that has been made in the last twenty years, as well as the need for ongoing change. It provides the latest statistics on children’s injuries, fatalities and trends in transport. It examines the most effective current strategies, identifies areas for improvement and makes a series of policy-related recommendations for improving children’s road safety.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107922
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (672 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 621.042
    RVK:
    Keywords: Energy ; Electronic books ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energiepolitik ; Energiemarkt
    Abstract: A review of the experience of IEA countries after the oil crises in the 1970s, which initiated a surge of investments in renewables research and development. While use of renewables has grown rapidly, they still account for only a small portion of the IEA energy mix. This work examines policies and measures that have been introduced in IEA countries to increase the cost effective deployment of renewables, reviews the objectives behind these policies, and evaluates the results.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 388
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Progress towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) will require widespread acceptance of this need and a mix of measures designed to achieve the necessary changes to overcome these barriers. Some of the measures will be hard measures, which include taxes, emission standards, speed limits, and other fiscal and regulatory instruments. Others will be soft, such as the provision of information and the use of communication strategies and educational techniques. The book examines the measures needed.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des systèmes de santé plus performants ; études thématiques
    DDC: 362.1/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This series of seven policy studies were the source material for the synthesis report of The OECD Health Project, Towards High-Performing Health Systems. They cover lessons from experience in health system reform, improving the technical quality of health care, income-related inequality in health care, matching supply with demand for physicians and nurses, excessive waiting times, costs and benefits of private health insurance, and ageing-related spending projections.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gouvernement d'entreprise ; panorama des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance; A Survey of OECD Countries (Chinese version)
    DDC: 338.6/0917/7
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: Corporate scandals and failures as well as broader economic concerns have driven OECD countries to devote increased attention to corporate governance which is now recognised as a vital factor in economic growth and financial stability. This survey examines the systemic issues at the forefront of the corporate governance debate and discusses how OECD countries have responded. It offers a rich variety of experiences that other countries may wish to draw on when considering their policy options.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.95/39
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Energy ; Electronic books ; Biokraftstoff
    Abstract: In the absence of strong government policies, the IEA projects that the worldwide use of oil in transport will nearly double between 2000 and 2030, leading to a similar increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Bio fuels, such as ethanol, bio diesel, and other liquid and gaseous fuels, could offer an important alternative to petroleum over this timeframe and help reduce atmospheric pollution. This book looks at recent trends in bio fuel production and considers what the future might hold if such alternatives were to displace petroleum in transport.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264021099
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Print version Japan
    DDC: 331.398
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Japan ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungsplan ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Rentenversicherung ; Reform
    Abstract: In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; CONTENTS; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; INTRODUCTION; Chapter 1 THE CHALLENGE AHEAD; Chapter 2 THE CURRENT LABOUR MARKET SITUATION; Chapter 3 STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE INCOME SUPPORT FOR OLDER PEOPLE AND WORK INCENTIVES; Chapter 4 ENCOURAGING EMPLOYERS TO RETAIN OLDER WORKERS LONGER; Chapter 5 BETTER ACCESS TO BETTER JOBS;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voitures propres ; stratégies pour des véhicules peu polluants
    DDC: 629.2528
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report identifies policy options and makes recommendations on market-oriented actions to promote the purchase of the most environmentally friendly vehicles. It assesses the impact of a wider use of low-emission vehicles, drawing on experience to date, research results and the responses to a survey from 18 OECD countries. The main section – Policy Options – presents in non-technical language, the current and expected performance of conventional and innovative technologies. It is for policy makers worldwide, economists and the casual reader.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020450
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Print version Norway
    DDC: 658.300846
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Norwegen ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS; INTRODUCTION; Chapter 1 THE CHALLENGE AHEAD; Chapter 2 THE CURRENT LABOUR MARKET SITUATION OF OLDER WORKERS; Chapter 3 PROTECTING PEOPLE WHILE ENHANCING WORK INCENTIVES; Chapter 4 ENCOURAGING EMPLOYERS TO RETAIN AND HIRE OLDER PEOPLE; Chapter 5 STRENGTHENING EMPLOYABILITY; Chapter 6 MOBILISING LABOUR SUPPLY MORE GENERALLY; BIBLIOGRAPHY;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264176270
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pour une meilleure approche régionale du développement en Afrique de l'Ouest ; Actes de la réunion spéciale du Club du Sahel et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Mai 2002
    DDC: 307.1/2/0966
    Keywords: Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book presents the conclusions of a meeting of the Sahel and West Africa Club in Accra, Ghana, in May 2002 on the following topic : “Towards a Better Regional Approach to Development in West Africa”. Regional cooperation is still only approached from an institutional perspective whilst field dynamics, economic actions and their transactions and demographic changes are forces that define spaces that regional policies seldom take into account. Important questions emerged from the Accra debates: How to harmonise “real” spaces with institutional integration spaces? Do certain groups of actors have a constructive vision and can they contribute to the formulation of a credible regional project? Do these “real” spaces, especially those defined by “informal” exchanges, along with those targeted by multinational companies have positive or negative effects on the regional economy? Could they prefigure future official areas for integration? The book is for development economists, African researchers, NGOs and regional integration organisations.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105942
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La tarification de l'accès dans le secteur des télécommunications
    DDC: 384
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This report addresses an issue which arises in virtually every public utility industry – the regulation of access to essential facilities. The regulation of the terms and conditions under which competing firms have access to essential inputs provided by rivals has become the single biggest issue facing regulators of public utility industries. Development of competition and the success of liberalisation often depend on the access terms and conditions chosen, and public policy interest in getting these terms and conditions right is important. Prepared by the OECD’s Competition Committee, this report focuses on the telecommunications industry and seeks to deepen the understanding of access regulation. Access issues are not easy issues for regulators and competition policy-makers - they can be both difficult technically and the source of noisy disputes in practice. By bringing together theory and practice, this report seeks to help regulators and policy-makers learn from OECD experience to achieve efficient and competitive outcomes.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (390 p.)
    Edition: Edition 2003
    Parallel Title: Print version Trends in International Migration
    DDC: 325/.05
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Internationale Migration
    Abstract: This report analyses recent trends in migration movements and policies in all OECD member countries and in selected non-member countries. It includes a detailed description of the flows, the different channels of immigration and the diversity of nationalities involved
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of contents; Main trends in international migration; Regional aspects of migration; The international mobility of health professionals: An evaluation and analysis based on the case of South Africa; List of countries and regions for which NHS decided not to actively recruit health professionals; Recent changes in migration movements and policies; (Country notes);
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106185
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Addressing the Economics of Waste
    DDC: 628.44
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Kostenmanagement ; Abfallpolitik ; Recycling ; Abfallvermeidung
    Abstract: Waste generation and waste management receive increasing attention among policy makers. On the one hand, waste causes environmental problems, both if it is handled properly and -- especially -- if it is mishandled, e.g. through illegal dumping
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; Chapter 1 ADDRESSING THE ECONOMICS OF WASTE AN INTRODUCTION; Chapter 2 WASTE GENERATION AND RELATED POLICIES BROAD TRENDS OVER THE LAST TEN YEARS; Chapter 3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES; Chapter 4 THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A LANDFILL TAX IN THE UK; Chapter 5 WASTE TAX IN NORWAY; Chapter 6 PVC WASTE IN DENMARK COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS; Chapter 7 EFFICIENT TARGETING OF WASTE POLICIES IN THE PRODUCT CHAIN; Chapter 8 TARGETING LEAD IN SOLID WASTE
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 9 CHANGING PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS TO REDUCE WASTE GENERATION
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264104938
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer les conflits d'intérêts dans le service public ; lignes directrices de l'OCDE et expériences nationales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de los conflictos de intereses en el servicio público ; Lineas directrices de la ocde y experiencias nacionales
    DDC: 353.46
    Keywords: Governance ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Governments need to ensure that public officials perform their duties in a fair and unbiased way. The pressure comes from a society and a business community that are increasingly well-informed, and specifically from a general demand for unbiased and transparent public decision-making. The OECD Guidelines for Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service provide the first international benchmark in this field. They help governments review and modernise their conflict-of-interest policies in the public sector. The report highlights trends, approaches and models across OECD countries in a comparative overview that also presents examples of innovative and recent solutions. Selected country case studies give more details on the implementation of policies in national contexts and on key elements of legal and institutional frameworks.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020306
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Print version Finland
    DDC: 344.01398
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Finnland ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitspolitik ; Rentenversicherung
    Abstract: In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; CONTENTS; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS; INTRODUCTION; Chapter 1 THE CHALLENGE AHEAD; Chapter 2 THE CURRENT LABOUR MARKET SITUATION OF OLDER WORKERS; Chapter 3 STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE INCOME SUPPORT FOR OLDER PEOPLE AND WORK INCENTIVES; Chapter 4 CHANGING EMPLOYER PRACTICES IN REGARD TO OLDER WORKERS; Chapter 5 BETTER ACCESS TO BETTER JOBS; Chapter 6 A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE FUTURE; BIBLIOGRAPHY;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 331.2522
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Altersversorgung ; Reform ; Osteuropa ; Rentenreform
    Abstract: This conference proceedings provided an opportunity for experts to compare public pension reform efforts in Central and Eastern Europe with those in other OECD countries. It looks at the reasons for pension reform, policy choices and constraints, the well-being of older people and distributional consequences of pension reform, and implementation of pension reform proposals.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.791505
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The papers in this book cover the experience of developing and transition countries with greenhouse gas emissions trading and project-based mechanisms and examine the use of tradeable permits in policy mixes and harmonisation of emissions trading schemes, as well as transition issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions trading markets. This book presents a selection of papers presented in Paris, France, in March 2003, at the OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development: Emissions Trading. The Forum was co-sponsored by the Concerted Action on Tradeable Emissions Permits (CATEP).
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264018839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 333.7913
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Electronic books ; Energieverbrauch ; Umweltschutz
    Abstract: This publication examines how energy efficiency and other factors such as economic structure, income, lifestyle, prices, and fuel mix have shaped developments of energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries since the IEA was founded 30 years ago. The study presents some challenging findings, e.g. that the rate of energy savings in IEA economies has slowed since 1990. It provides a rich set of data and insights that help to increase the understanding of how energy efficiency and lower-carbon fuels can be used to achieve a more sustainable future.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promesses et limites de la démocratie électronique ; les défis de la participation citoyenne en ligne
    DDC: 323/.042/02854678
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Demokratie ; Politische Beteiligung ; World Wide Web
    Abstract: This book highlights policy lessons in using ICTs to provide information, opportunities for consultation and public participation in policy-making. It includes numerous examples of current practice from 12 OECD member countries (Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Sweden, UK) as well as the European Commission. It does not deal with online service delivery nor with ICT applications to elections (e.g. e-voting) although some of the issues discussed here, such as providing information online, may be relevant for both. Finally, the book suggests 10 guiding principles for successful online consultation and identifies five key challenges for online citizen engagement in policy-making.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015401
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gouvernement et énergie nucléaire
    DDC: 363
    Keywords: Governance ; Nuclear Energy ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The main objective of national energy policies in OECD countries is to ensure the availability of secure and economic supplies with minimal environmental impact. This publication addresses the roles and responsibilities of governments in the field of nuclear energy, within the context of broad national policy goals, and reviews the tools available to achieve those goals.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016903
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Science, technologie et industrie. Perspectives de l'OCDE 2004
    Keywords: Technology and state ; Science indicators ; Technology indicators ; Science and state ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Innovation
    Note: Also published in English under the title: OECD science, technology and industry outlook 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264225435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108493
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Forum 2004; Forum Highlights
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/08
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document reflects recent efforts made by the OECD to obtain an accurate assessment of the current state of biotechnology statistics in OECD member and observer countries. It is an update of the original document, which was released in 2000. The inventory was prepared by Brigitte van Beuzekom of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, and benefited from contributions of the delegates involved in the OECD Ad hoc Meeting on Biotechnology Statistics. Comments are welcome and should be sent by e-mail to Brigitte van Beuzekom [e-mail: brigitte.vanbeuzekomoecd.org] ...
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.83
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Digital technologies and the diffusion of new transmission technologies have increased the number of platforms capable of providing video transmission, and have also altered the traditional characteristics of broadcasting.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264032248
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Business Academy Bexley : Une école britannique à financement semi-privé
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The Business Academy Bexley is one of the first purpose-built, part-privately funded independent state schools in Europe. As part of the United Kingdoms new approach to raising educational standards in areas of social deprivation and low educational attainment, Bexley was designed to facilitate integration among its students and with local residents and to enrich the learning process.
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.8
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coûts de l'introduction et de la mise en oeuvre de mesures de facilitation des échanges : Rapport intérimaire
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This report presents preliminary findings from a series of country surveys on the costs of introducing and implementing trade facilitation measures. It was prepared in response to concerns with respect to the cost implications of a future WTO agreement on trade facilitation and will be complemented in the near future by additional data from a wider range of developing and least-developed countries. The report contains observations with respect to the methodology of assessing trade facilitation costs and highlights common cost features in the various country experiences.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264105355
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Iceland 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Iceland 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Iceland
    Abstract: C'est en décembre 1997 que l’Islande a signé, en compagnie de trente-trois autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE). En août 1998, l'Islande a été le premier pays à ratifier la Convention de l'OCDE et à déposer son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Islande pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par l’Islande lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par l’Islande des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 52
    Language: French
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Science and Technology Facilities
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les quatre articles ci-dessous concernent les infrastructures pour les sciences et la technologie dans les établissements secondaires et tertiaires. Le premier article présente une vision de l’enseignement des sciences à l’école et illustre l’espace idéal pour une zone des sciences pour le niveau secondaire. Le second expose le travail en cours pour améliorer le Complexe des sciences à l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Le troisième décrit un centre de formation professionnelle de niveau secondaire dédié aux nouvelles technologies au Québec. Le quatrième article rend compte d’une visite dans une école australienne spécialisée dans les sciences et les mathématiques.
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L' "expropriation indirecte" et le "droit de réglementer" dans le droit international de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: It is a well recognised rule in international law that the property of aliens cannot be taken, whether for public purposes or not, without adequate compensation. Two decades ago, the disputes before the courts and the discussions in academic literature focused mainly on the standard of compensation and measuring of expropriated value. The divergent views of the developed and developing countries raised issues regarding the formation and evolution of customary law. Today, the more positive attitude of countries around the world toward foreign investment and the proliferation of bilateral treaties and other investment agreements requiring prompt, adequate and effective compensation for expropriation of foreign investments have largely deprived that debate of practical significance for foreign investors. Disputes on direct expropriation – mainly related to nationalisation that marked the 70s and 80s -- have been replaced by disputes related to foreign investment regulation ...
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.14
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for cardiac care. Using a structured review process, the panel set out to select indicators to cover five key areas: primary prevention, secondary prevention of heart disease, acute coronary syndromes, cardiac interventions and congestive heart failure. In the event, no suitable indicators for primary prevention were retained, and this report proposes 17 indicators as follows: The report describes the review process and provides a detailed discussion of the scientific soundness and policy importance of the 17 indicators ...
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.8
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the eighth in this series, presenting the Mexican SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264071063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 427; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vivo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 427: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vivo
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The in vivo percutaneous absorption study set out in this Test Guideline provides the linkage necessary to extrapolate from oral studies when making safety assessments following dermal exposure. The in vivo method, described in this guideline, allows the determination of the penetration of the test substance through the skin into the systemic compartment. The test substance, preferably radiolabelled, is applied, for a fixed period of time, to the clipped skin of animals at one or more appropriate dose levels in the form of a representative in-use preparation. The rat is the most commonly used species. At least four animals of one sex should be used for each test preparation and each scheduled termination time. A known amount of the test preparation is evenly applied to the site. This amount should normally mimic potential human exposure, typically 1-5 mg/cm² for a solid or up to 10 µl/cm² for liquids. A relevant exposure period (typically 6 or 24 hours) should be used, based on the expected human exposure duration. The animals should be observed for signs of toxicity/abnormal reactions at intervals for the entire duration of the study. This study includes: daily measurements (excreta), regular detailed observations, as well as sacrifice at the scheduled time and blood collected for analysis.
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  • 57
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Documents SIGMA no.35
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Co-ordination at the Centre of Government: The Functions and Organisation of the Government Office Comparative; Analysis of OECD Countries, CEECs and Western Balkan Countries
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La plupart des pays des Balkans occidentaux n'ont commencé que très récemment à adapter leurs institutions et leurs cadres juridiques aux nécessités et aux conditions d'une économie de marché occidentale. Pourtant, la complexité des exigences prescrites par le processus de stabilisation et d'association et, plus encore, par l'adhésion à l'UE, requiert des moyens particulièrement développés en coordination, en suivi et en évaluation des politiques. Dans pratiquement tous les pays des Balkans occidentaux ainsi que dans plusieurs nouveaux États membres, les moyens dont disposent les gouvernements et les administrations pour fixer les priorités de politique, développer des options de politique, analyser les politiques, contrôler l'application des politiques et évaluer les politiques demeurent faibles.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.232
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The present level of ODA falls short of the amount needed to finance the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The figure of additional $50 billion per year, roughly the present total of ODA spent by DAC donors, is often quoted (e.g. by the Zedillo Report); it results from the sum of the fight against communicable diseases ($ 7-10 billion), primary schooling ($10 billion), infant and maternal mortality ($12 billion) and halving world poverty ($20 billion). The scarcity of public resources raises the importance of investing in international public goods as the cost of lifting one person out of income poverty, for example through agricultural research and global trade expansion, is estimated to be much lower than the cost of the same impact through traditional aid to poor countries. This raises important issues for donor strategies, in particular principles of aid allocation, which this paper aims to address. First, should aid be partly earmarked towards international public goods? ...
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des actifs des établissements d'enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand’s special funding system allows state schools a greater level of independence in managing their property compared to most other countries. Schools receive a fixed budget as an entitlement from the three “pots” of the educational property funding structure. The government’s unique use of accrual accounting together with a new Five-Year Property Plan agreement gives schools a high degree of certainty of the property funding available, as well as responsibility for deciding how to modernise their own buildings.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.402
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The gas industry is perhaps Russia’s least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the domestic market is dominated by a state-controlled, vertically integrated monopolist, OAO Gazprom. Gazprom combines commercial and regulatory functions, and maintains tight control over the sector’s infrastructure and over information flows within it. The sector as it is currently constituted is highly unlikely to be able to sustain sufficient output growth to satisfy both rising export commitments and domestic demand. There is significant potential for accelerating the growth of non-Gazprom production and making gas supply in Russia more competitive, but this will require fundamental reform. The proposals for reform advanced in the paper address two sets of issues. First, there is an urgent need to increase transparency in the sector and transfer many of the regulatory functions now performed by Gazprom to state bodies. Secondly, there is a longer-term need for a ...
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  • 61
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Innovative School Revisited: Leith Academy and the Projects that Followed
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: En 1995, le PEB a publié une étude de cas sur l’Académie de Leith, au Royaume-Uni. L’article suivant examine la conception originale de l’Académie, la façon dont les bâtiments ont rempli leur rôle pendant leurs 13 années d’existence et leur influence sur les conceptions suivantes.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluation du cycle d'orientation de Montbrillant en Suisse
    Keywords: Education ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Does Geneva’s Montbrillant lower secondary school, which has now been in use for one year, meet the objectives targeted when it was designed? Does the new school respond to the needs and expectations of staff and students? Questions such as these serve to evaluate the quality of a school building once in use and tie in with work supported by PEB on post-occupancy evaluation. For the design of Montbrillant, the Geneva authorities promoted specific integrated concepts; to verify to what extent these were successfully incorporated into the building, the author contacted the school’s users, i.e. its management, administrative and technical staff, teachers, and students. Although their overall appreciation was positive, the users expressed dissatisfaction with many aspects of the facilities as described below.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for patient safety. Using a structured review process, the panel set out to select indicators to cover the five key areas: areas hospital-acquired infections, sentinel events, operative and postoperative complications, obstetrics, and other care related adverse events...
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264028340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques ; Les catastrophes naturelles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques : Les catastrophes naturelles
    Keywords: Education ; France ; Greece ; Iceland ; India ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Mexico ; Nepal ; Turkey
    Abstract: Earthquakes and other natural disasters are unpredictable, and often deadly. In developed and developing countries alike, the cost in human life and infrastructure is very high. The danger to schools is of particular concern, given the concentration of young people attending them, and schools' broader role in communities -- not the least of which is their common use as places of refuge after an earthquake or other disaster.
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/06
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: The Vietnamese economy was in the doldrums in the 1980s and until a certain progress had been made in the context of Doi Moi there was little incentive for businesses to invest. The following reasons are commonly given for the sluggish economic activity: a lack of appropriate infrastructure (causing market disconnectedness even within the country); weak links to the world market; a shortage of skilled labour and managerial capacity; and an inefficient or business unfriendly public administration. ODA to Vietnam was allocated in such a way as to remedy these obstacles and the donors’ well designed strategies are seen as a major factor behind the success of ODA. National ownership, an important feature of ODA programmes, has mostly been strong in ODA to Vietnam. Most of the activities of the past were closely aligned with the Vietnamese government’s development priorities. It should nevertheless be recognised that some ODA projects have aroused little enthusiasm among public ...
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper presents results from an on-going joint European Commission / OECD project, aimed at monitoring the direct influence of tax and benefit instruments on household incomes. The project uses and extends OECD tax-benefit models to compute a range of work incentive indicators such as marginal effective tax rates on earned income. This paper provides a methodological background describing these extensions. It also discusses the usefulness of a range of indicators such as net replacement rates and marginal effective tax rates and to what extent they can be used to quantify possible work disincentives. The approaches are illustrated using detailed tax-benefit calculations for 2001 and comparing relevant indicators across 15 EU and 8 non-EU countries. The results presented in this paper permit the identification of family circumstances where (1) financial incentives to increase work are either small or missing altogether; or (2) resources provided by social transfers may be ...
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264065840
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices across Borders
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitlinien zum Schutz der Verbraucher vor grenzüberschreitenden betrügerischen und irreführenden Handelspraktiken
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Raccomandazione del Consiglio OCSE Concernente le Linee Guida Sulla Tutela dei Consumatori Contro le Pratiche Commerciali Transfrontaliere Fraudolente e Ingannevoli
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linhas directrizes que regem a protecção dos consumidores contra as práticas comerciais transfronteiriças fraudulentas e enganosas
    Keywords: Industry and Services
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.21
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Most Western countries have a long tradition of employment service provision by public bodies and non-profit organisations, but not by for-profit organisations. The creation of a quasi-market arrangement is not a simple choice for government. This paper underscores the difficulties and discusses design options. It calls for a complex balancing act between regulation and the creation of room for market competition, between old and new instruments and procedures, and between efficiency and equity. It identifies as two key issues the need to actively create sufficient room for market competition, and the need for "positive creaming" which encourages providers to concentrate their efforts on the most disadvantaged target groups. The paper starts by stating the principles and preconditions for market competition, with a focus on possible quasi-market arrangements for strengthening service provision for the long-term unemployed in Flanders. It sets out four models for contracting with ...
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.371
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In the face of the substantial ageing of population expected to occur in OECD countries over coming decades, policies that boost labour-force participation attract considerable interest. There remain large cross-country divergences in participation rates that are largely accounted for by differences in participation of specific groups, in particular prime-age women, older workers and also youth. This suggests that policies targeting these groups could have important effects. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the potential impact of several policy reforms is able to attenuate or to offset the adverse trend in aggregate participation rates that would otherwise occur because of ageing population. It uses a simple dynamic modelling framework that generates longer-term projections of participation rates and labour supplies in OECD countries and alternative scenarios of policy reforms. The main outcome of this analysis is that the combined effect of possible reforms targeting ...
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.6
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This technical opinion paper provides the reader with a concise description of both the benefits and disadvantages of using probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) to analyse operational events in nuclear power plants in order to facilitate better operator feedback. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on how PSA techniques can be used to address this issue. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9789264030886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Albania
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Albania and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.384
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: Over the past decade, public expenditure in Slovakia was characterised by substantial social transfers and high public sector wage expenses. This paper analyses the main features of Slovakia’s public expenditure system, reviews expenditure trends, and discusses recent reform initiatives. The latter have concerned the introduction of medium-term budget projections, the switch towards performance-based budgeting, the limitation of extra-budgetary funds, the devolution of spending power to sub-central administrative units, changes to the public employment regime, and reforms of the social security system. These initiatives are critically assessed and a number of recommendations concerning implementation and further reform steps are developed ...
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264015005
    Language: Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2004
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: SPECIAL FEATURERationalising public spending
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This study updates and extends a previous study on equity in physician utilisation for a subset of the countries analyzed here (Van Doorslaer, Koolman and Puffer, 2002). It updates results to 2000 for 13 countries and adds new results for eight countries: Australia, Finland, France, Hungary, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden. Both simple quintile distributions and concentration indices were used to assess horizontal equity, i.e. the extent to which adults in equal need for physician care appear to have equal rates of medical care utilisation. With respect to physician utilisation, need is more concentrated among the worse off, but after “standardizing out” these need differences, significant horizontal inequity favoring the better off is found in about half of the countries, both for the probability and the total number of visits. The degree of pro-rich inequity in doctor use is highest in the US, followed by Mexico, Finland, Portugal and Sweden. In the majority ...
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264105294
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Bulgaria 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Bulgaria 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: La Bulgarie est l'un des quatre pays non membres de l'OCDE à avoir signé en décembre 1997 la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE), en compagnie des trente pays de l'OCDE. Par la suite, la Bulgarie a promulgué une loi de transposition de la convention au moyen de la Loi portant amendement du code pénal bulgare. La Bulgarie a ratifié la Convention de l'OCDE et déposé son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE à la fin décembre 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Bulgarie pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par la Bulgarie lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par la Bulgarie des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Post Occupancy Evaluation in Scotland
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: L’Exécutif écossais, l’administration décentralisée d’Écosse, s’emploie avec les différents acteurs concernés à parvenir à un niveau d’excellence dans le parc immobilier scolaire grâce aux évaluations de fonctionnalité des bâtiments. La conception de l’environnement scolaire a un effet direct sur les processus d’enseignement et d’acquisition de savoirs, activités que de nombreux aspects des bâtiments peuvent favoriser ou au contraire entraver. Entreprise en collaboration, l’évaluation des équipements nouveaux et existants peut être profitable à toutes les parties prenantes de la construction scolaire, depuis les usagers des bâtiments jusqu’aux autorités locales en passant par les concepteurs.
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  • 78
    Language: French
    Pages: 13 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Facility Projects in Latin America
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: De nombreux pays latino-américains entreprennent actuellement des projets, conformes aux pratiques recommandées par le PEB, visant par exemple à partager des installations scolaires avec les collectivités locales, à adapter les écoles ordinaires aux élèves souffrant de déficience et à collaborer avec des entreprises privées pour financer les bâtiments scolaires. Les articles ci-après décrivent les projets en cours dans cinq pays : l’Argentine, le Brésil, le Chili, le Mexique et le Vénézuela.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.383
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence sur les marchés de produits et performance économique en Suisse
    Keywords: Economics ; Switzerland
    Abstract: The strength of product market competition plays an important role in ensuring dynamic economic growth. This paper examines product market competition and its link with economic performance in Switzerland whose growth has been weaker than in most OECD countries since 1980. It shows that substantial progress in reforming product markets can be made in many areas, which would contribute to reduce the excessive price differential vis-à-vis other countries and stimulate growth. These reforms should focus on the legal framework of competition, the network industries, the health sector, the revision of the Domestic Market Act, agriculture, the restriction on parallel imports and, more generally, the opening up of services to foreign competition ...
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: CSNI Technical Opinion Papers no.5
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Nuclear licensees are increasingly required to adapt to a more challenging commercial environment as electricity markets are liberalised. One of the costs that is often perceived as being amenable to control is staffing, and hence there is significant exploration of new strategies for managing this cost - for example, by reducing staffing levels, changing organisational structures, adopting new shift strategies, introducing new technology or increasing the proportion of work carried out by external contractors. However, if changes to staffing levels or organisational structures and systems are inadequately conceived or executed they have the potential to affect the way in which safety is managed. In this context, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Special Expert Group on Human and Organisational Factors (SEGHOF) organised an international workshop to discuss the management and regulation of organisational change in 2001. This technical opinion paper distils the findings of that workshop and sets out the factors that regulatory bodies might reasonably expect to be addressed within licensees' arrangements to manage organisational change. The paper should be of particular interest to both regulators and managers of nuclear utilities.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264299283
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment for Development; Maximising benefits, minimising costs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Foreign Direct Investment for Development: Maximising benefits, minimising costs
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Direktinvestition ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: L'investissement direct étranger (IDE) fait partie intégrante d'un système économique international ouvert et efficace et constitue l'un des principaux catalyseurs du développement. Les avantages qu’il procure ne se manifestent cependant pas de manière automatique et se répartissent inégalement entre les pays, les secteurs et les collectivités locales. Les politiques nationales et le cadre international de l'investissement jouent un rôle déterminant pour attirer des IDE vers un plus grand nombre de pays en développement. C'est aux pays d'accueil qu'il incombe de mettre en place des conditions générales, transparentes et favorables à l'investissement et de renforcer les capacités humaines et institutionnelles nécessaires pour les exploiter. La plupart des flux d'IDE prenant leur origine dans les pays de l'OCDE, les pays développés peuvent contribuer à la réalisation de ce programme. Ils peuvent faciliter l'accès des pays en développement à la technologie et aux marchés internationaux, et assurer plus généralement la cohérence de leurs actions en faveur du développement ; ils peuvent encourager des pays non membres de l'OCDE à intégrer plus étroitement les cadres internationaux fondés sur des règles qui sont applicables à l'investissement ; ils peuvent promouvoir activement les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales ainsi que les autres éléments de la Déclaration de l'OCDE sur l'investissement international ; ils peuvent enfin partager avec les non-membres l'approche mise au point par l'OCDE pour renforcer, au moyen d'examens mutuels, les capacités en matière d'investissement. Cette publication offre un examen complet de l'impact de l'IDE sur le développement. Elle couvre de nombreux thèmes tels que croissance économique, transfert de technologie, capital humain, concurrence, gouvernement d’entreprise et environnement. Elle examine également les politiques nécessaires pour maximiser les bénéfices.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Red Tape to Smart Tape: Administrative Simplification in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Verwaltungsvereinfachung ; Verwaltung ; Genehmigungsverfahren ; Vereinfachung
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105959
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Access Pricing in Telecommunications
    Keywords: Competition ; Telecommunication policy Economic aspects ; Telecommunication Rates ; Law and legislation ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Telekommunikationsdienst ; Preisbildung
    Abstract: Ce rapport aborde une question qui se pose dans pratiquement tous les secteurs de services aux collectivités, à savoir la réglementation de l’accès à des installations essentielles. Les régulateurs des industries d’équipements collectifs publics se heurtent à un problème crucial : la réglementation des termes et conditions dans lesquels des entreprises en concurrence ont accès à des intrants clés fournis par des concurrents. Le développement de la concurrence et le succès de la libéralisation dépendent souvent des termes de l’accès et des conditions choisies, aussi les pouvoirs publics sont-ils soucieux de faire le bon choix. Préparé par le comité de la concurrence de l’OCDE, ce rapport traite du secteur des télécommunications et cherche à approfondir la compréhension de la réglementation de l’accès. Les problèmes d’accès ne sont pas des plus faciles pour les autorités de tutelle et les responsables de la politique de la concurrence : ils peuvent en effet être techniquement délicats et donner lieu à des polémiques retentissantes sur le plan pratique. En abordant la question sous ces deux angles, ce rapport cherche à aider les autorités de tutelle et les pouvoirs publics à tirer les leçons de l’expérience de l’OCDE pour obtenir des résultats efficients et compétitifs.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107830
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Strategy; 2004 Review of Progress
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Strategy: 2004 Review of Progress
    Keywords: Economic development Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Environmental policy OECD countries ; Natural resources OECD countries ; Management ; Quality of life OECD countries ; Environment
    Abstract: En 2001, les ministres de l’Environnement des pays de l’OCDE ont adopté une Stratégie de l’environnement ambitieuse pour les dix premières années du XXIème siècle. Cette Stratégie trace des orientations claires en faveur de politiques écologiquement viables et énonce cinq grands objectifs :• maintenir l’intégrité des écosystèmes par la gestion rationnelle des ressources naturelles ;• découpler les pressions sur l’environnement de la croissance économique ;• améliorer les informations pour la prise de décision : mesurer les progrès au moyen d’indicateurs ;• l’interface social-environnement : améliorer la qualité de vie ;• interdépendance environnementale à l’échelle planétaire : améliorer la gouvernance et la coopération.Ce rapport évalue les progrès réalisés par les pays membres de l’OCDE au regard de ces objectifs et dans la mise en œuvre des 71 actions au niveau national sur lesquelles ils se sont mis d’accord dans le cadre de la Stratégie de l’environnement. L'ouvrage est destiné aux décideurs et aux économistes de l’environnement.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264018297
    Language: Multiple languages , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (934 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Mitgliedsstaaten ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English , French
    Edition: Edition 2003
    Keywords: Institutioneller Anleger
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104983
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can Cars Come Clean?; Strategies for Low-Emission Vehicles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can Cars Come Clean?: Strategies for Low-Emission Vehicles
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Kraftfahrzeugabgas ; Luftverschmutzung ; Treibhauseffekt ; Neue Technologie ; Emissionsverringerung ; Alternativkraftstoff ; Biokraftstoff
    Abstract: Ce rapport identifie des options stratégiques et recommande des actions pour promouvoir l’achat et l’utilisation des véhicules les plus respectueux de l’environnement. Il évalue l’impact d’une utilisation accrue des véhicules à faibles émissions, en se fondant sur les expériences réunies à ce jour, ainsi qu’une enquête à laquelle 18 pays de l’OCDE ont répondu. Cet ouvrage décrit dans un vocabulaire non technique les performances actuelles et attendues des technologies conventionnelles et innovantes. Il est destiné aux décideurs dans le monde entier ainsi qu’au lecteur occasionnel.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106086
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance; A Survey of OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance; A Survey of OECD Countries (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance: A Survey of OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Corporate Governance: A Survey of OECD Countries (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services ; Corporate Governance ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Les scandales et faillites qui ont ébranlé le monde des entreprises, conjugués à des préoccupations économiques plus larges, ont incité les pays de l'OCDE à accorder une attention plus soutenue au gouvernement d’entreprise, désormais reconnu comme un élément fondamental de la croissance économique et de la stabilité financière. Cette étude se penche sur les problèmes systémiques et examine les réponses que les pays de l'OCDE y ont apportées. Elle présente une large palette d’expériences dont d’autres pays pourraient s’inspirer lorsqu’ils envisageront les différentes options s’ouvrant à eux en matière d’action publique.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020115
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2004
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Sweden 2004
    Keywords: Schweden ; Umweltpolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Sozialverträglichkeit
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264299818
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.8
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.8
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Using Micro-Data to Assess Average Tax Rates
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Cette étude envisage les avantages du recours à des données micro économiques pour évaluer les taux moyens d’imposition des revenus du travail, du capital et de transfert. L’analyse souligne la nécessité de faire correspondre les informations obtenues au niveau du contribuable individuel avec les flux de revenus.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019478
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2003
    Keywords: Internationale Migration
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientation professionnelle et politique publique ; comment combler l'écart
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bildungs- und Berufsberatung; Bessere Verzahnung mit der öffentlichen Politik
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas ; Cómo acortar distancias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientation professionnelle et politique publique : comment combler l'écart
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bildungs- und Berufsberatung: Bessere Verzahnung mit der öffentlichen Politik
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas : Cómo acortar distancias
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Karriere ; Gleichheit
    Abstract: OECD countries are attaching rising importance to lifelong learning and active employment policies as tools of economic growth and social equity. Effective information and guidance systems are essential to support the implementation of these policies, and all citizens need to develop the skills to self-manage their careers. Yet there are large gaps between these policy goals and the capacity of national career guidance systems. Based upon a review conducted in 14 OECD countries, this publication explores how these gaps might be narrowed. It advocates improved national co-ordination arrangements and greater attention to research and data collection to inform policy makers. It also promotes the development of improved and more specialised training programmes for practitioners and the creation of more specialised career guidance organisations for the delivery of services.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.9
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique fiscale dans les pays de l'OCDE ; Évolutions et réformes récentes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La politique fiscale dans les pays de l'OCDE : Évolutions et réformes récentes
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: This ninth volume of the OECD Tax Policy Studies series reports on trends in the areas of tax revenues; the ‘tax mix’; and the taxation of labour, dividends, and personal and corporate income. It also looks at value added and environmentally related taxes. The volume reviews recent major tax reforms in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States. It also covers selected tax policy developments in Austria, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Finally, Recent Tax Policy Trends and Reforms in OECD Countries includes discussion of country practices and recent developments in the areas of fiscal decentralisation, “making work pay” policies, corporate tax developments, and the effects of tax policies on research and development practices.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Bulgaria 2004: Science, Research and Technology
    Keywords: Education and state Bulgaria ; Science Bulgaria ; Technology Bulgaria ; Bulgarien ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Innovationsförderung
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264071070
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (10 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 427; Skin Absorption; In Vivo Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 427: Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'étude d'absorption cutanée in vivo présentée dans cette Ligne directrice fournit des éléments nécessaires pour extrapoler des études orales lors d’évaluations de sécurité après une exposition cutanée. La méthode in vivo, décrite dans cette Ligne directrice, permet la détermination de la pénétration de la substance d'essai à travers la peau dans le compartiment systémique. La substance d'essai, de préférence radiomarquée, est appliquée, pendant une période fixe, sur la peau rasée des animaux à un ou plusieurs niveaux de dose appropriés, sous la forme d’une préparation d’usage représentative. Le rat est l’espèce généralement la plus utilisée. Au moins quatre animaux d'un sexe devraient être employés pour chaque préparation d'essai et chaque durée prévue. Une quantité connue de la préparation d'essai est appliquée. Cette quantité devrait normalement imiter l'exposition humaine potentielle, en général de 1-5 mg/cm² pour un solide ou jusqu'à 10 µl/cm² pour des liquides. Une période d'exposition de référence (en général 6 ou 24 heures) devrait être employée, en fonction de la durée éventuelle de l’exposition humaine. Les signes de la toxicité et les réactions anormales sont observés par intervalles pour la durée entière de l'étude. Cette étude inclut des mesures quotidiennes (excrétions), des observations détaillées régulières, de même que l’euthanasie à un moment donné et des prélèvements sanguins pour analyse.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264069718
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 111; Hydrolysis as a Function of pH
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 111: Hydrolysis as a Function of pH
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode d’essai, en laboratoire, permettant d’évaluer les transformations hydrolytiques abiotiques des substances chimiques en milieux aquatiques, à des valeurs de pH normalement rencontrées dans l’environnement (pH de 4 à 9). Cette Ligne directrice décrit une approche à plusieurs niveaux ; chaque niveau est déclenché par les résultats du niveau précédent. Des solutions aqueuses tampon, stériles, de différents pH (pH 4, 7 et 9) sont traitées avec la substance d’essai marquée ou non (une seule concentration n’excédant pas 0.01M ou la moitié de la concentration de saturation), puis incubées dans l’obscurité dans des conditions expérimentales contrôlées (à des températures constantes). Après des intervalles de temps appropriés, on analyse les solutions tampon pour déterminer la concentration de la substance d’essai et des produits d’hydrolyse. L’essai préliminaire doit être réalisé pendant 5 jours à 50 ± 0,5 °C et aux pH suivants : 4,0, 7,0 et 9,0. Le niveau 2 consiste en l’hydrolyse des substances instables, et le troisième niveau est l’identification des produits d’hydrolyse. Les essais des niveaux supérieurs doivent être conduits jusqu’à 90 pour cent d’hydrolyse de la substance d’essai, ou pendant 30 jours, au premier des deux termes échus.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264016125
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Germany 2004; Consolidating Economic and Social Renewal
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Allemagne 2004 ; consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Germany 2004: Consolidating Economic and Social Renewal
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Allemagne 2004 : consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Deutschlands Wirtschaft hat viele Jahrzehnte lang ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse erzielt. Der Ordnungsrahmen und das Regulierungssystem des Landes zeichnen sich durch besondere historisch gewachsene Stärken aus, nämlich klare, wohl durchdachte wettbewerbsrechtliche und wettbewerbspolitische Strukturen sowie ein solides Fundament von Regulierungsinstrumenten. Es ist mithin nicht weiter verwunderlich, dass die Regulierungsqualität in einem der Rechtsstaatlichkeit verpflichteten Land wie Deutschland mit seiner traditionell bewährten Verwaltung eines der zentralen Ziele ist. Regulierungsreformen, die auf diesen traditionellen Stärken aufbauen, können die Funktionsweise der Märkte verbessern helfen. Die Bundesregierung hat in jüngster Zeit ein breites Spektrum von Reformen, darunter die „Agenda 2010", mit dem Ziel eingeleitet, die Beschäftigung zu erhöhen, die öffentlichen Ausgaben zu reduzieren und die mit der raschen demographischen Alterung verbundenen Probleme zu meistern. Neben Arbeitsmarktreformen steht die Einführung von mehr Wettbewerb auf wichtigen Produktmärkten, so z.B. im Einzelhandel und im Handwerk, auf dem Programm. Bei der Öffnung der Infrastrukturmärkte müssen ebenfalls noch erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt werden. Der vorliegende Bericht plädiert für eine Anpassung des traditionellen Ordnungsrahmens an die neuen Gegebenheiten, damit die erforderlichen Umstellungen zügiger, zu möglichst geringen Kosten für die Volkswirtschaft sowie unter Einbeziehung aller wichtigen Akteure realisiert werden können. Eine bessere Aufklärung über Reformziele und -nutzen wird dazu beitragen, die Dynamik des Reformprozesses aufrechtzuerhalten und die Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung zu sichern. Deutschland hat ebenso wie viele andere OECD-Länder eine umfassende Prüfung seiner Regulierungspolitik und -reformen durch die OECD beantragt. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt unter Berücksichtigung des makroökonomischen Kontextes einen Überblick über Erfolge und Herausforderungen der Regulierungsreform, namentlich in den Bereichen Regulierungsqualität, Wettbewerbspolitik und Marktöffnung. Das besondere Augenmerk gilt dabei den Fortschritten bei der Regulierung der Strom-, Gas-, Pharmazeutik- und Telekommunikationsmärkte. In derselben Reihe sind erschienen (in Englisch und Französisch): Regulatory Reform in Canada Regulatory Reform in the Czech Republic Regulatory Reform in Denmark Regulatory Reform in Finland Regulatory Reform in France Regulatory Reform in Greece Regulatory Reform in Hungary Regulatory Reform in Ireland Regulatory Reform in Italy Regulatory Reform in Japan Regulatory Reform in Korea Regulatory Reform in Mexico Regulatory Reform in the Netherlands Regulatory Reform in Norway Regulatory Reform in Poland Regulatory Reform in Spain Regulatory Reform in Turkey Regulatory Reform in the United Kingdom Regulatory Reform in the United States Diese Prüfberichte knüpfen an den OECD Report on Regulatory Reform: Synthesis (1997) und den ergänzenden zweibändigen Bericht OECD Report on Regulatory Reform: Sectoral and Thematic Studies (1997) an.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264107755
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Security Economy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Alors que le marché des biens et services de sécurité a connu un développement massif depuis les attentats du 9 septembre 2001, cette étude examine les coûts que pourraient avoir des perturbations majeures, les arbitrages entre une plus grande sécurité et l’efficience économique et les conséquences du renforcement de la surveillance du point de vue de la vie privée et des libertés démocratiques.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264106468
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de Développement
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Institutional Efficiency and its Determinants; The Role of Political Factors in Economic Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Institutional Efficiency and its Determinants: The Role of Political Factors in Economic Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: La nouvelle économie institutionnelle (NEI) a, certes, une approche pluridisciplinaire des phénomènes économiques tels que la croissance, l'efficience et la distribution des revenus. Mais les auteurs de cet ouvrage tentent d’appliquer la démarche intégrée qui, jusqu'à présent, faisait défaut à ce type d’approche en analysant à la fois l’influence des institutions sur le développement économique et les facteurs qui déterminent la qualité institutionnelle. Prenant le cas de l'Argentine, ils appliquent le cadre d'analyse développé et exposé dans l'étude pour tester leurs hypothèses théoriques. Ils observent que leur concept de qualité institutionnelle et la distinction qu'ils font entre institutions économiques et institutions politiques sont validés dans la pratique. En outre, leur regard sur certaines structures institutionnelles particulières – démocratie et autocratie – et leurs réflexions sur l'influence des « traditions » juridiques et culturelles ajoutent une dimension supplémentaire à l'ouvrage qui peut prêter à controverse mais confère à l’étude une actualité stimulante.A un moment où les gouvernements nationaux et les institutions internationales s'efforcent de trouver les moyens d'améliorer la gouvernance et d'accélérer la croissance, en particulier dans les pays pauvres, ce travail fournit des éclairages précieux aux responsables gouvernementaux et à ceux qui les conseillent. Il apporte des éléments convaincants sur la qualité institutionnelle comme facteur déterminant du développement et montre comment, précisément, la qualité institutionnelle pourrait être améliorée.
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