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  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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    Journal/Serial
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Connecting with emigrants : a global profile of diasporas ... (from 2012-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ; 2012 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    KOBV
  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Settling in 2018 : indicators of immigrant integration (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307209 , 9789279981111 , 9789264307216 , 9789279981142
    Language: English
    Pages: 306 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Settling in 2018
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307216-en
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    Book
    BSZ
    GBV
  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Working together : skills and labour market integration of immigrants and their children in Finland (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264305243
    Language: English
    Pages: 193 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Working together
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working together
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working Together: Skills and Labour Market Integration of Immigrants and their Children in Finland
    Keywords: Migranten ; Kinder ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Qualifikation ; Finnland ; Graue Literatur ; Finnland ; Einwanderung ; Berufliche Integration ; Qualifikation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305250-en
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    Book
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees in Berlin (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264305229
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working Together for Local Integration of Migrants and Refugees in Berlin
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; Berlin ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Berlin ; Flüchtlingshilfe ; Soziale Integration
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305236-en
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    Book
    GBV
    KOBV
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Child poverty in the OECD : trends, determinants and policies to tackle it (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 130 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 218
    Keywords: Kinderarmut ; Armutsbekämpfung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the main trends in child income poverty since the mid-2000s, and explores to what extent child poverty trends are linked to demographic, policy and/or labour market changes. Trends in poverty and the standard of living of children in low-income families since the onset of the Great Recession are also closely examined: nearly 1 in 7 children is income-poor in the OECD, and child poverty increased in almost two/thirds of OECD countries with the Great Recession. About 1 in 10 children across the OECD live in a family with a standard of living below the 2005 poverty line. Children in low-income families experienced a decline in their standard of living in many countries, with the largest decline among families with the smallest incomes.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/c69de229-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GVC centrality and productivity : are hubs key to firm performance? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 14 (June 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Productivity ; firms ; global value chains ; centrality ; network analysis ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper uses “centrality” metrics to reflect the changing structure of Global Value Chains (GVCs), contrasting central hubs and peripheral countries and sectors, and examine how these changes impact firm productivity. Using cross-country firm-level data from ORBIS, the paper finds that changing position within GVCs can play a role in the catch up of firms, but the results are heterogeneous across firms and countries. Firstly, becoming more central is associated with faster productivity growth of smaller firms, nonfrontier businesses, and of firms in smaller economies and in post-2004 EU member countries. And these correlations weaken with firm size and with proximity to the frontier, such that when one ignores firm heterogeneity and only considers average effects, there is no correlation for the average firms in the data. Secondly, the (centrality weighted) average productivity of buyers matters for the productivity of firms in our data overall, however this is particularly true for firms in large economies, for non-frontier and for smaller firms. The policy environment, such as flexible labour markets, better access to finance, stronger contract enforcement and simplified export procedures, appears to be important in translating the changing structure of GVCs into faster productivity growth of these non-frontier firms.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/56453da1-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    France : promoting economic opportunities and well-being in poor neighbourhoods (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1454
    Keywords: Armutsbekämpfung ; Armut ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Thanks to a highly developed welfare state, poverty is moderate on average in France, but – as in other countries – highly concentrated in some neighbourhoods. Their residents face many social disadvantages, including high unemployment and inactivity, schools with many struggling children, often run-down housing and urban infrastructure, and a lack of local enterprises, services and amenities. The government focuses a wide array of policies on these areas to promote better schooling outcomes, employment and local economic activity. Urban renewal and public housing policies aim explicitly at promoting social mixing, often presented as an anti-ghetto policy. Evidence suggests that targeted investment in transport and housing infrastructure as well as education and training could go a long way to improving economic opportunities and well-being in poor areas. In contrast, special economic zones with tax breaks to attract business to these areas have a mixed track record at best. Greater social mixing is difficult to engineer, and it is far from clear if this by itself would improve the lives of the poor. There is a need to better link urban, social and judicial policies favouring alternative sentencing and support for offenders to integrate into society to avoid vicious circles of social disadvantage and crime.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/266e91e1-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How to improve Norway's transport-infrastructure investment (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1458
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Öffentliche Investition ; Projektmanagement ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Norwegen ; Economics ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway makes substantial public investment in transport and this has intensified in recent years. There is potentially large economic benefit from such investment, particularly as good transport infrastructure can help Norway’s transition away from oil-related activities. However, realising these gains requires sound processes for selecting and delivering projects. This paper assesses the investment process from initial proposals through evaluation, discussion, selection, approval, implementation, and ex post evaluation. It finds that, although the policy process at each stage is clear, and the planning framework has central oversight, final choices of project are often sub-optimal. The paper identifies a need for stronger top-down influence in the planning process and more influence of economic-efficiency considerations in project selection. It also calls for efforts to broaden ex post assessment of transport investment projects and reduction in project delays.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2a1aa042-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A genie in a bottle? : globalisation, competition and inflation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1462
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Wettbewerb ; Inflation ; Marktmacht ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Declining inflation in many countries over the past few decades at the same time as rising global competition has led to a debate on the importance of globalisation for domestic inflation. This paper explores the implications of global value chain (GVC) integration and market contestability for inflation using a range of industry-level and micro-data sources. We provide evidence that rising participation in GVCs has placed downward pressure on producer price inflation, by increasing the ability of firms to substitute domestic inputs with cheaper foreign equivalents. We investigate the channels, which suggests that increased GVC participation contributed to lower inflation via downward pressures on unit labour costs – by raising productivity and reducing wages – in the importing country, especially when low-wage countries are integrated in supply chains. We then present industry-level evidence to support the conjecture that a higher level of GVC integration dampens producer price inflation by accentuating the impact of global economic slack on domestic inflation. However, we also find an increasing trend in mark-ups, suggestive of rising market power, particularly in services sectors. Thus, looking forward, there is a risk that stalling globalisation since the crisis, coupled with stronger aggregate demand and declining market contestability, could lead to inflationary pressures in the medium term, thereby letting the inflation genie out of the bottle.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/deda7e54-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries' Economies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288737 , 9789264288782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (199 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How immigrants contribute to developing countries' economies
    Keywords: Migranten ; Einwanderung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries' Economies is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The report covers the ten partner countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Rwanda, South Africa and Thailand. The project, Assessing the Economic Contribution of Labour Migration in Developing Countries as Countries of Destination, aimed to provide empirical evidence – both quantitative and qualitative – on the multiple ways immigrants affect their host countries. The report shows that labour migration has a relatively limited impact in terms of native-born workers’ labour market outcomes, economic growth and public finance in the ten partner countries. This implies that perceptions of possible negative effects of immigrants are often unjustified. But it also means that most countries of destination do not sufficiently leverage the human capital and expertise that immigrants bring. Public policies can play a key role in enhancing immigrants’ contribution to their host countries’ development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288737-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synergies and trade-offs between adaptation, mitigation and agricultural productivity : a synthesis report (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 110
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Frankreich ; Niederlande ; Finnland ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report develops quantitative and qualitative frameworks to test the possibility of systematically assessing a range of policies and their intended and unintended effects. The analysis spans the three policy objectives of enhanced productivity, climate change mitigation, and climate change adaptation. The preliminary findings and lessons learned are drawn from two applications of a qualitative framework (France and the Netherlands), where information was gathered through a wide-ranging questionnaire, and from two applications of a quantitative modelling framework which was tested using data from Finland and from selected sites in one region of the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/07dcb05c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The deterioration of the public spending mix during the global financial crisis : insights from new indicators (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1465
    Keywords: Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Staatsquote ; Finanzpolitik ; Education ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: New indicators measuring the effects of public spending on inclusive growth have been constructed using recent empirical work by Fournier and Johansson (2016) and a recent public finance dataset (Bloch et al., 2016). A first set of indicators combines information on the mix of public spending. Each spending item share is multiplied with an estimated coefficient from growth and inequality equations to build both a growth and an income distribution component, which is then summed up to an aggregate inclusive growth indicator. The spending mix analysis cannot, however, measure the effectiveness of public spending within individual spending items, which is difficult to observe in a comparable manner across countries. A second set of indicators attempts to at least partly overcome this limitation by including information on the size and perceived effectiveness of governments. The average of the spending mix indicator and the size and effectiveness indicator provides an indicative overall indicator on the effects of public spending on inclusive growth. The analysis suggests that countries with a counter-cyclical fiscal stance typically have a public spending structure that is more supportive of inclusive growth. There is also a striking link between the growth component of the public spending mix indicator and the output gap: the capacity of the public finances to support inclusive growth deteriorated markedly in the countries hardest hit during the recent crisis.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2f6d2e8f-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making growth more inclusive in Thailand (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1469
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The People pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development focuses on quality of life in all its dimensions, and emphasises the international community’s commitment to ensuring all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity, equality and good health. Thailand’s path from a low-income to an upper-middle-income country over recent decades is widely hailed as a development success story. Poverty has fallen impressively and inequality is on a downwards trend, but more efforts are needed to reduce still widespread informality and persistent, substantial regional inequalities, and to further improve living standards, especially for those who currently work informally. To achieve these objectives, the government needs to: (i) consider tax and regulatory measures to encourage formalisation; (ii) boost the participation rates of informal workers in social protection schemes; (iii) expand adequate social safety nets for poor households and the elderly; (iv) prepare the healthcare system for an ageing and modernising society; and (v) improve the education system, particularly in rural areas. Gaps also remain in ensuring women’s political participation and reducing gender-based violence. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/263a78df-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Miracle or mirage : what role can trade policies play in tackling global trade imbalances? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1473
    Keywords: Zahlungsbilanz ; Außenwirtschaftliches Gleichgewicht ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Handelshemmnisse ; Wechselkurs ; Sparen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally. However, the ultimate causes of these imbalances are not fully clear. Current account positions reflect the gap between national saving and investment, which are in turn affected by policy distortions, including in trade policy. Simulations of the OECD’s METRO model show liberalisation of existing trade distortions would modestly narrow aggregate trade imbalances in the medium term for some countries. Reducing tariffs, non-tariff measures and the combined market access and productivity-enhancing effects of pro-competitive measures in services all have some rebalancing potential. Liberalisation would also offer economically significant income gains for all countries. By contrast, narrowing trade imbalances using trade restrictions would come at disproportionately high economic costs for all countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/1a55f809-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving online disclosures with behavioural insights (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers no. 269 (April 2018)
    Keywords: Unternehmenspublizität ; Online-Marketing ; Verhaltensökonomik ; Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report looks at how behavioural insights can be used to improve online information disclosures for consumers. The report is the latest contribution to work by the OECD’s Committee on Consumer Policy on improving consumer policy with behavioural insights. Behavioural insights incorporate findings from economics, psychology, neuroscience and marketing to better understand how individuals and businesses actually behave in the marketplace. While the role of information disclosure policies is clear in empowering consumers to make informed decisions when shopping online, findings from behavioural insights raise questions about the usefulness of certain forms of information disclosure. This report looks at these concerns and the subsequent policy implications.
    DOI: 10.1787/39026ff4-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How does finance influence labour market outcomes? : a review of empirical studies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1495
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Kreditgeschäft ; Unternehmensfinanzierung ; Kapitalstruktur ; Lohnstruktur ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews empirical research on finance and labour markets. Preliminary themes in the literature follow. Finance may interact with labour market institutions to jointly determine labour outcomes. Highly leveraged firms show greater employment volatility during cyclical fluctuations, and leverage strengthens firm bargaining power in labour negotiations. Bank deregulation may have mixed impacts on labour depending upon the state of bank regulations and labour markets. Leveraged buyouts tend to dampen acquired firm job growth as they pursue labour productivity gains. The shareholder value movement may contribute to short-termism among corporate managers, which can divert funds away from firm capital accumulation toward financial markets, crowd out productive investment and fuel unemployment. Declining wage shares in OECD countries may be driven in part by financial globalisation. The financial sector contributes to rising concentration near the top of the income distribution. Finance is linked to increased reallocation of labour, which may either enhance or impede productivity growth. Finally, there is limited evidence that rising interest rate environments and homeowners with mortgage balances that exceed their home’s value may reduce labour mobility rates.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d8651803-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
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    Who are the beneficiaries of the structural funds and the cohesion fund and how does the cohesion policy impact firm-level performance? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1499
    Keywords: 2007 - 2013 ; EU-Regionalpolitik ; Statistische Methode ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; EU-Mitgliedschaft ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper exploits a new database that is unique in its scale and scope containing detailed information on over two million projects carried out by one million firms that benefited from the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund in 25 EU member countries during the multi-annual financial framework 2007-2013. This database is used to get a better understanding of the characteristics of the beneficiaries of European funds and to assess the impact of the European funds on the beneficiaries’ performance in terms of employment growth, growth in fixed assets, and total factor productivity. While the data reveals substantial heterogeneity of beneficiaries and projects across and within countries, in terms of the number of projects, their total values, the average firm size and other aspects, some patterns are identified. The majority of co-funding goes to manufacturing firms as well as public institutions. The Cohesion Fund co-finances larger projects, carried out by larger, more capital-intensive firms that typically conduct large-scale infrastructure projects. In contrast, the European Social Fund co-finances smaller projects related to human capital and initiatives on the labour market. In terms of volume, the European Regional and Development Fund has the largest budget in total and co-finances a large variety of projects. Using propensity score matching techniques, we find mixed effects of structural and cohesion funds on the performance of a sample of manufacturing firms in six European countries. On average, firms that receive financial assistance hire more workers and increase their capital stock more. However, there is little evidence of additional positive total factor productivity effects for the beneficiaries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/67947b82-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 19
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    Labour share developments over the past two decades : the role of technological progress, globalisation and "winner-takes-most" dynamics (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1503
    Keywords: Lohnquote ; Qualifikation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Over the past two decades, real median wage growth in many OECD countries has decoupled from labour productivity growth, partly reflecting declines in labour income shares. This paper analyses the drivers of labour share developments using a combination of industry- and firm-level data. Technological change in the investment goods-producing sector and greater global value chain participation have compressed labour shares, but the effect of technological change has been significantly less pronounced for high-skilled workers. Countries with falling labour shares have witnessed both a decline at the technological frontier and a reallocation of market shares toward “superstar” firms with low labour shares (“winner-takes-most” dynamics). The decline at the technological frontier mainly reflects the entry of firms with low labour shares into the frontier rather than a decline of labour shares in incumbent frontier firms, suggesting that thus far this process is mainly explained by technological dynamism rather than anti-competitive forces.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/3eb9f9ed-en
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  • 20
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    Modelling policy coherence between adaptation, mitigation and agricultural productivity (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 111
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Ökosteuer ; Landwirtschaft ; Produktivität ; Klimapolitik ; Agrarversicherung ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper develops theoretical and quantitative analysis to identify the potential synergies and trade-offs inherent in various policy instruments that address agricultural productivity, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and water quality objectives. The theoretical model used describes crop production choices made by farmers given different sets of government policies and whereby crop yields can be impacted by climate change. Quantitative results on the basis of Finnish data show that decoupled area payment appears to provide more trade-offs than other policy instruments as it increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient runoff, and decrease total factor productivity and social welfare relative to a situation with no policy. Nitrogen fertiliser tax, a soil GHG emission tax, and a subsidy for green set-aside perform well with respect to all other objectives with the exception of adaptation to climate change. These policy instruments significantly reduce GHG emissions and nutrient runoff, and thus their social welfare performance is high.
    DOI: 10.1787/ee62a5ae-en
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  • 21
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    Resource curse in oil exporting countries (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1511
    Keywords: 1982 - 2012 ; Erdölvorkommen ; Export ; Rohstoffreichtum ; Ölpreis ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Wechselkurs ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the “resource curse” phenomenon, i.e. the negative impact of oil abundance on long-term economic growth, for a set of oil exporting countries. It distinguishes between two potential drivers of resource courses: oil dependence and oil price volatility, and it investigates whether the resource curse depends on a country’s institutional and macroeconomic environment. The empirical analysis relies on a panel of 24 oil exporters between 1982 and 2012 and an error correction model. The paper provides robust evidence in favour of the resource curse hypothesis, and there is no evidence that higher quality institutions could mitigate the curse. Oil price shocks appear to have an asymmetric impact in the short run: the growth effect is positive when oil prices rise, while no statistically significant effect is observed when they fall. There is also indirect evidence that the impact of an oil price shock is partly offset by fiscal policies, particularly in countries with high oil dependence. In the long run, oil price volatility does not appear to have a statistically significant impact on GDP. Finally, exchange rate regimes seem to play a role: countries allowing their currencies to float seem to gain from positive oil price shocks in the short run, but in the long run a fixed exchange rate regime is associated with higher GDP, probably owing to active stabilisation by sovereign wealth funds.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a5012a3d-en
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  • 22
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    The contribution of transgovernmental networks of regulators to international regulatory co-operation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regulatory policy working papers no. 10
    Series Statement: OECD regulatory policy working papers
    Keywords: Governance ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study takes stock of the membership, governance structure, operational mode and regulatory power of trans-governmental networks of regulators (TGNs). It contributes to a greater OECD project aimed at building greater understanding of the benefits and pitfalls of various approaches to international regulatory co-operation (IRC) as identified in OECD (2013), International Regulatory Co-operation: Addressing Global Challenges. In order to fill the knowledge gap, this study provides a working definition of TGNs, maps existing cases, and analyses their key features. It relies on information gathered for this study on 144 TGNs. It analyses the substantive fields in which TGNs operate as well as differences in membership and other structural features. It discusses the range of regulatory activities in which TGNs engage and analyses the advantages and the disadvantages of TGNs as mechanisms for IRC, based on a review of the large and growing scholarly literature. It provides a new database on the topic, as well short case studies of three significant but structurally dissimilar TGNs: the Asian Harmonization Working Party (AHWP) on medical devices, the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS), and the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH).
    DOI: 10.1787/538ff99b-en
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  • 23
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    Relative effects of fisheries support policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 115
    Keywords: Fischerei ; Subvention ; Kapazitätsauslastung ; Fischereiressourcen ; Fischereipolitik ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The effects of six common forms of fisheries support are estimated using a bioeconomic model of the global fishery. The results show that all have the potential to provoke overfishing, to lead to fish stocks being overfished, to encourage illegal, unreported or unregulated (IUU) fishing and to increase fleet capacity, but that their effects can vary significantly both in scale and how they are distributed at the fleet level. The fisheries management system can mitigate, though not entirely eliminate, these impacts. Supports based on reducing the cost of inputs purchased by fishers provoke the greatest increase in fishing effort, with associated risks of overfishing. This includes fuel subsidies, which are also shown to deliver less than 10% of their value in actual benefits to fishers in some cases, making them the least effective means of transferring income to fishers of those evaluated. Payments based on improving fishers’ business operations provided the greatest benefit to fishers and had relatively less tendency to increase fishing effort. If only USD 5 billion in fuel support was converted into support of this type, fishers would see increased income of more than USD 2 billion, while at the same time reducing effort and improving fish stocks. Such a change would also provide relatively more benefit to smaller fishers.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd9b0dc3-en
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  • 24
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    Agro-food trade, GVCs and agricultural development in ASEAN (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 116
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Marktintegration ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The countries that compromise the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have expanded their involvement in global agro-food trade through strong regional production growth and increasing consumer demands from population growth and higher incomes. Regional and international agro-food markets have thus become an important source of income and food for the regions producers and consumers. However, growth in trade has lessened in recent years with projections suggesting a further slowing over the medium term. This study explores the role that agro-food trade and participation in agro-food global value chains (GVC) has had on regional agro-food sectors and current barriers that are holding the region back from unlocking the full benefits of further integration into regional and global agro-food markets. It finds that although GVC engagement has increased regional agro-food growth between 2004 and 2014, gaps remain in the level of regional integration. Results from the analysis suggest that reducing the remaining tariff and non tariff barriers, and creating an enabling environment to allow agricultural producers to better access service inputs, will help spur sector growth and agricultural incomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/89d40ebb-en
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  • 25
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    Enhancing governance in Thailand (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1472
    Keywords: Korruption ; Wettbewerb ; Dezentralisierung ; E-Government ; Good Governance ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Politische Reform ; Stakeholder ; Vertrauen ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Peace pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development encompasses a diverse range of issues including stability and effective governance. Reforming the public sector is high on the government’s agenda, but involves a number of challenges: the gap between planning and implementation of policy objectives remains large; insufficient public participation in policy making is undermining the efficient allocation of resources toward public needs and development goals; under-development of evidence-based regulations is hampering the creation of a business-friendly environment essential to high value-added activities; and high levels of perceived corruption are weakening business confidence and public trust in the government. Thailand’s 12th Economic and Social Development Plan emphasises the importance of public sector reform. It sets out measures to strengthen co-ordination across ministries and agencies aimed at improving implementation of policy programmes, boosting public participation in policy making, improving online access to government services and combating corruption by strengthening integrity measures. The upcoming 20-year National Strategy and the accompanying National Reform Plan are expected to pave the way for future development. However, an inclusive and consultative process will be essential to ensure the success of reform efforts. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/8ddfd4c6-en
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  • 26
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    Digital technology diffusion : a matter of capabilities, incentives or both? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1476
    Keywords: 2010 - 2016 ; Digitalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Qualifikation ; Europa ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Insufficient diffusion of new technologies has been quoted as one possible reason for weak productivity performance over the past two decades (Andrews et al., 2016). This paper uses a novel data set of digital technology usage covering 25 industries in 25 European countries over the 2010-16 period to explore the drivers of digital adoption across two broad sets of digital technologies by firms, cloud computing and back or front office integration. The focus is on structural and policy factors affecting firms’ capabilities and incentives to adopt -- including the availability of enabling infrastructures (such as high-speed broadband internet), managerial quality and workers skills, and product, labour and financial market settings. We identify the effects of structural and policy factors based on the difference-in-difference approach pioneered by Rajan and Zingales (1998) and show that a number of these factors are statistically and economically significant for technology adoption. Specifically, we find strong support for the hypothesis that low managerial quality, lack of ICT skills and poor matching of workers to jobs curb digital technology adoption and hence the rate of diffusion. Similarly our evidence suggests that policies affecting market incentives are important for adoption, especially those relevant for market access, competition and efficient reallocation of labour and capital. Finally, we show that there are important complementarities between the two sets of factors, with market incentives reinforcing the positive effects of enhancements in firm capabilities on adoption of digital technologies
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/7c542c16-en
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  • 27
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    Stabilisation policies to strengthen Euro area resilience (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1492
    Keywords: Einlagensicherung ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Finanzverfassung ; Bankenregulierung ; Eurozone ; Economics ; Euro Area ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The euro area sovereign debt crisis highlighted important weaknesses in the euro area design. Fiscal policy did not build sufficient buffers before the crisis, which forced some countries to tighten fiscal policy too rapidly during the downturn to restore market confidence in sovereign borrowing. Despite this, sovereign stress remained high, weakening further the banking sectors highly exposed to government bonds, which in return reduced further market confidence in fiscal sustainability in case of banks’ bailout. As a result, monetary policy was the main public instrument to support the activity, but its effectiveness was reduced by the fragmentation of financial markets along national lines as the crisis deepened. In order to durably sever the links between banks and their sovereigns, euro area countries agreed on a banking union. The creation of a common supervisor was a very important step in that direction. However, further progress is needed in reducing and sharing risks, creating a common deposit guarantee scheme and the application of existing rules to ensure sufficient risk sharing can take place in case of crisis. At the same time, incentives need to be put in place for banks to progressively move away from a too high exposure to domestic sovereign bonds. A step in that direction could be the introduction of euro area safe asset, which would pool sovereign issuance from various countries, in parallel with gradual introduction of capital surcharges on sovereign exposures. Such progress may not be sufficient, however, for national fiscal policies and monetary policy to smooth a major crisis. The introduction of common fiscal stabilisation capacity is necessary to buttress the euro area in case of a deep recession, both at the country level and euro area level. Finally, policies aiming at further cross-border integration of capital markets should reinforce private risk sharing, reducing the burden on macro policies. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of the Euro Area. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-european-union-and-euro-area.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/140b48c3-en
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  • 28
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    The integration of migrants in OECD regions : a first assessment (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2018, 01
    Keywords: Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of the presence of migrants, their characteristics and integration outcomes across OECD regions, based on a new OECD database on immigrant integration at the regional level. It reveals the wide diversity of the presence of migrants within countries, as well as the specific patterns observed in the way migrants locate and integrate in society across regions. For example, migrants tend to be more spatially concentrated in capital-city and metropolitan regions than the native-born population. What is more, highly-educated migrants are more likely to locate in the same regions where the highly-educated natives concentrate, a trend that is not observed for the low-educated foreign-born. Integration outcomes of migrants, relative to the native-born, are measured through a variety of labour market and housing indicators. The paper also provides preliminary findings on public attitudes towards migrants across regions, which suggest that attitudes tend to be more positive in regions with larger shares of foreign-born population.
    DOI: 10.1787/fb089d9a-en
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  • 29
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    The role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in fostering inclusive growth at the local level in Southeast Asia (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (Leed) working papers 2018, 01
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2018/01
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Qualifikation ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Südostasien ; Employment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) for fostering inclusive growth at the local level in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN ) region. The first section provides a brief overview of the main developmental challenges in the ASEAN region that have resulted in growing inequalities in wealth distribution. The second and third sections review evidence from developed as well as developing countries regarding TVET’s impact on employment and wages (Section 2), as well as on poverty, inequality and social exclusion (Section 3). Section 4 summarises the key findings and highlights lessons learned for the ASEAN region. Good practice examples from the region are presented to illustrate how countries have used TVET to improve economic and social outcomes at the local level.
    DOI: 10.1787/5afe6416-en
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  • 30
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    How immigrants contribute to Ghana's economy (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302037 , 9789221315223
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 147 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Ghana
    Abstract: Immigrant workers contribute to the Ghanaian economy in several ways. They are well integrated in labour markets in terms of employment, although female immigrants often face greater challenges than male immigrants. Even though much of the employment of immigrant workers appears to be demand-driven, immigration may have some displacement effects in particular for native-born women. The contribution of immigrants to the government’s fiscal balance exceeds the contribution of the native-born population on a per capita basis. The overall contribution of immigrants to GDP is estimated at 1.5%. Ghana is aiming to mainstream migration into development policies, and this objective would benefit from stronger labour market information and analysis systems. How Immigrants Contribute to Ghana’s Economy is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The project aimed to analyse several economic impacts – on the labour market, economic growth, and public finance – of immigration in ten partner countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Rwanda, South Africa and Thailand. The empirical evidence stems from a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis of secondary, and in some cases primary data sources.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302037-en
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  • 31
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    ASEAN rice market integration : findings from a feasibility study (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 117
    Keywords: Reismarkt ; Marktintegration ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study explores feasibility of regional rice market integration by examining the impacts on production and trade, with a specific focus on the adjustment impacts for rice producers. It seeks to set out policy measures required to better integrate the rice markets of Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) countries and the role that trade policy can play to help the agricultural sector adjust to pressures created from freer trade in rice within this region. While regional rice market integration can deliver more rice at lower prices to the regions consumers, this study finds significant adjustments to the rice sectors will be required in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. However, opportunities through lowering tariff barriers with existing key trading partners of free trade agreements has the scope to create more employment and value adding opportunities in all agricultural sectors to offset the losses from regional rice market integration. The study suggests a number of measures are necessary to build trust in regional markets to allow rice market integration to take place. This includes an agreement to ban export restrictions. Furthermore, while broader trade reforms will help create new opportunities for agricultural sectors across the ASEAN region, flanking policies and investments in the enabling environment are still required for the sectors to take full advantage of these opportunities.
    DOI: 10.1787/8ca16e31-en
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  • 32
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    Innovative approaches to building resilient coastal infrastructure : background report (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 13
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.13
    Series Statement: Policy perspectives
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This Policy Paper comprises an Issue Brief and Background Report prepared by the OECD for the G7 Environment, Energy and Oceans Ministers. It outlines the rising risks faced by coastal communities, which are being exacerbated by climate change. It shows how governments can harness innovation in information, planning, financing and monitoring to help improve resilience of those areas to climate change, and emphasises the need for close engagement with coastal communities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c8a13a0-en
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  • 33
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    Public finance structure and inclusive growth (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 25 (December 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.25
    Keywords: Öffentliche Finanzen ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Tax and spending reforms offer numerous opportunities to promote inclusive growth. There is potential for so-called win-win reforms that simultaneously boost economic output and enhance income equality. Other changes in the structure of public finances will produce benefits only along a single dimension, while some involve trade-offs between average income gains and adverse distributional effects. Empirical analyses of the experience of OECD countries provide evidence about which tax and spending reforms influence prosperity and income distribution -- and by how much.
    DOI: 10.1787/e99683b5-en
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  • 34
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    Triple disadvantage? : a first overview of the integration on refugee women (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 216
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Frauen ; Soziale Integration ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: 45% of refugees in Europe are women, yet little is known on their integration outcomes and the specific challenges they face. This report summarises prior research on the integration of refugee women, both compared with refugee men and other immigrant women. It also provides new comparative evidence from selected European and non-European OECD countries. Refugee women face a number of particular integration challenges associated with poorer health and lower education and labour market outcomes compared to refugee men, who are already disadvantaged in comparison with other migrant groups. They also show a peak in fertility in the year after arrival. A large fraction has come from countries where gender inequality is high and employment of women tends to be low. However, there is little correlation between indicators such gender differences in participation and employment in the origin and in the host country, suggesting that the integration issues can be addressed by host-country employment and education policy instruments. The report also finds that building basic skills in terms of educational attainment and host-country language training bears a high return in terms of improving labour market outcomes. It also provides intergenerational pay-off for their children. Against this backdrop, structured integration programmes such as the ones in the Scandinavian countries seem to be a worthwhile investment.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/3f3a9612-en
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  • 35
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    Tackling child poverty in Canada (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 220
    Keywords: Kinderarmut ; Armutsbekämpfung ; Kanada ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper compares the situation of children in Canada relative to other OECD countries in terms of child poverty and well-being. First, trends in child poverty and living standards since 2007, i.e. one year before the onset of the Great Recession, are described. An overview of children's material deprivation and of key indicators of child well-being is also provided. The paper discusses the observed poverty trends in relation to policies implemented to combat it by federal authorities. Some priorities for action to make the alleviation of child poverty more effective are discussed.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/dd4dcfa6-en
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  • 36
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    Productivity spillovers from multinational activity to local firms in Ireland (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 16 (November 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Foreign direct investment ; productivity spillovers ; absorptive capacity ; Environment ; Economics ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: As well as their direct effects on output and employment, the attraction of foreign direct investment is sometimes argued to provide further economic benefits through spillover effects that potentially increase the productivity performance of domestic firms. Empirical evidence on these indirect effects has however tended to be mixed. This paper uses Irish firm-level data on both manufacturing and services firms to re-examine and update evidence on intra-industry and intra-region spillovers and then extends the previous research by examining if spillovers are more likely to occur through supply chain linkages. In addition, we consider the heterogeneity of investors and allow the spillover effects to differ for foreign affiliates owned by EU and non-EU based parent companies. Finally, we examine the role of domestic firms’ absorptive capacity in conditioning the effects of spillovers from multinationals on their productivity. Overall, we find limited evidence or a negative link between the presence of foreign-owned firms and the productivity of domestic firms in the same industry or the same region. Examining forward and backward linkages through supply chains indicates that on average, selling to foreign-owned firms had a positive effect while buying from foreign owned firms had a negative effect on the average productivity of domestic firms. Finally, considering the absorptive capacity of domestic firms and allowing the spillover effects to differ depending on the origin of the parent companies, we find that the positive productivity spillovers come from supply chain linkages between domestic firms investing in R&D and foreign affiliates of multinationals with headquarters based outside the EU.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/58619717-en
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  • 37
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    Euro area unemployment insurance at the time of zero nominal interest rates (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1498
    Keywords: Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Niedrigzinspolitik ; Finanzverfassung ; DSGE-Modell ; Eurozone ; Economics ; Euro Area ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The discussion about a fiscal stabilisation capacity as a way of providing more fiscal integration in the euro area has strengthened in the aftermath of the European sovereign debt crisis. Among the instruments that can be used for temporary macroeconomic stabilisation in the presence of both asymmetric and area-wide shocks, a euro area unemployment insurance scheme has attracted increased attention. We build a two-region DSGE model with supply, demand and labour market frictions and introduce in it an area-wide unemployment insurance scheme that is entitled to borrow in financial markets. The model is calibrated to the euro area core and periphery data. For a country-specific negative demand shock hitting the periphery, we find the scheme to reduce the drop in Periphery output by about one fifth and the drop in union output by about a third. The scheme is effective when some households are cut from financial markets, and even more so when the national government also loses market access.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/99b92f5b-en
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  • 38
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    The potential macroeconomic and sectoral consequences of Brexit on Ireland (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1508
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Branchenentwicklung ; Brexit ; EU-Mitgliedschaft ; EU-Staaten ; CGE-Modell ; Irland ; Economics ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the potential effects on exports, imports, production, factor demand and GDP in Ireland of an exit of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), focusing on trade and FDI channels. Owing to the high uncertainty regarding the final trade agreement between the negotiating parties, the choice has been made to assume a worst-case outcome where trade relations between the United Kingdom and EU are governed by World Trade Organization (WTO) most favoured nation (MFN) rules. In doing so, it provides something close to an upper bound estimate of the negative economic impact taking into account the potential for some firms to relocate to Ireland. Any final trade agreement that would result in closer relationships between the United Kingdom and the EU could reduce this negative impact. The simulations use two large-scale models: a global macroeconomic model (NiGEM) and a general equilibrium trade model (METRO). These models are used to quantify, both at the macroeconomic and the sectoral level, two key channels through which Ireland would be affected: trade and foreign direct investment. The simulation results highlight that the negative effect on trade could result in Ireland's GDP falling by 1½ per cent in the medium-term and around 2½ per cent in the long-term. The impacts are highly heterogeneous across sectors. Agriculture, food, and some smaller manufacturing sectors experience the largest declines in total gross exports at over 15%. By contrast, financial services exports increase slightly. The modelling suggests that any positive offsetting impact to the trade shock from increased inward FDI to Ireland is likely to be modest.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e930967b-en
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  • 39
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    Fear the walking dead : zombie firms, spillovers and exit barriers (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 13 (June 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Zombie Firms ; Resource Allocation ; Labor Productivity ; Firm Dynamics ; Insolvency Frameworks ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Productivity growth is slowing down among OECD countries, coupled with increased misallocation of resources. A recent strand of literature focuses on the role of non-viable firms (“zombie firms”) to explain these developments. Using a rich firm-level dataset for one of the OECD countries with the largest drop in barriers to firm exit and restructure, we assess the role of zombies on firm dynamics, both in the extensive and intensive margins. We confirm the results on the high prevalence of zombie firms, significantly less productive than their healthy counterparts and thus dragging aggregate productivity down. Moreover, while we find evidence of positive selection within zombies, with the most productive restructuring and the least productive exiting, we also show that the zombies' productivity threshold for exit is much lower than that of nonzombies, allowing them to stay in the market, distorting competition and sinking resources. Zombie prevalence curbs the growth of viable firms, in particular the most productive, harming the intra-sectoral resource reallocation. We show that a reduction in exit and restructuring barriers promotes a more effective exit channel and fosters the restructuring of the most productive. These results highlight the role of public policy in addressing zombies' prevalence, fostering a more efficient resource allocation and enabling productivity growth.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e6c6e51d-en
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  • 40
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    Defying the odds? : Nigerien responses to foreign and domestic security challenges (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 11 (January 2018)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Innenpolitik ; Bedrohungsvorstellung ; Innere Sicherheit ; Kollektive Sicherheit ; Fundamentalismus ; Dschihadismus ; Militanz ; Islam ; Djihad ; Terrorismus ; Staatsschutz ; Bekämpfung ; Effektivität ; Beurteilung ; Abschätzung ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Development ; Niger ; Niger ; Westafrika
    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify the manifold security threats confronting the Republic of Niger. It examines if and how various domestic and external actors may exploit Niger’s adverse structural conditions to their benefit and derives possible future scenarios and recommendations for policymakers. Foreign-based jihadist groups such as Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Boko Haram will continue to threaten Niger’s domestic stability. However, these groups are unlikely to make further inroads into Nigerien territory. The Tuareg community and conservative Sunni groups are unlikely to rise up against the state as both are well integrated into the political and societal landscape. The most viable threat to Niger’s stability is the continued inability of the current administration to translate macroeconomic gains and donor support into pro-poor growth and social inclusion. The increasing use of authoritarian measures against citizens and journalists has the potential to escalate further and to undermine the legitimacy of the government in the long-term.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 16-17
    DOI: 10.1787/104d1c6d-en
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  • 41
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    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Estonia (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288744
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Estonia
    Keywords: Agrartechnik ; Ernährungsindustrie ; Innovation ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Estland ; Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Estonia
    Abstract: Estonian agriculture has undergone significant growth and structural change since the 1990s in a policy and regulatory environment that has been mostly supportive of investment. The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy has contributed to the modernisation of the country's agriculture, leading to high productivity growth with relatively limited environmental pressure. High educational levels and strong public research institutions have also provided a fertile environment for innovation in Estonia, although Estonian agri-food companies struggle to participate in food and agricultural research activities. Attracting and retaining people in the agriculture sector at a time of growing labour and skills shortages in rural areas is an increasing challenge. Further innovation and adaptation will be needed to sustain and expand agriculture and food in Estonia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288744-en
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  • 42
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    Making Blended Finance Work for the Sustainable Development Goals (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making blended finance work for the Sustainable Development Goals
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: The global community has spoken loud and clear: more resources must be mobilised to end extreme poverty and mitigate the effects of climate change. Blended finance - an approach to mix different forms of capital in support of development - is emerging as an important solution to help raise resources for the Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries. But scaling up blended finance without a good understanding of its risks could have unintended consequences for development co-operation providers. This report presents a comprehensive assessment of the state and priorities for blended finance as it is being used to support sustainable development in developing countries. It describes concepts and definitions, presents an overview of actors and instruments, and discusses lessons learned from blending approaches, tracking and data, and monitoring and evaluation. Its findings and recommendations are useful for policy makers and practitioners. 'Blended finance will contribute to faster economic growth, but to achieve this it is vital to get donors into alignment.' Martin Wolf, Chief Economics Commentator, Financial Times 'Official development assistance continues to be a key way to finance efforts aimed at eradicating extreme poverty. However, the challenge is more than governments alone can manage. We must all think, work, finance and deliver development differently to mobilize private-sector resources and expertise to help the world’s poorest and most vulnerable people. Canada continues to promote innovative approaches to finance development and achieve sustainable growth for everyone.' The Honourable Marie-Claude Bibeau, Canada's Minister of International Development and La Francophonie.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288768-en
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  • 43
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    State-of-the-art Report on the Progress of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Chemistry (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264298545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (299 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The implementation of advanced nuclear systems requires that new technologies associated with the back end of the fuel cycle are developed. The separation of minor actinides from other fuel components is one of the advanced concepts being studied to help close the nuclear fuel cycle and to improve the long-term effects on the performance of geological repositories. Separating spent fuel elements and subsequently converting them through transmutation into short-lived nuclides should considerably reduce the longterm risks associated with nuclear power generation. R&D programmes worldwide are attempting to address such challenges, and many processes for advanced reprocessing and partitioning minor actinides are being developed. This report provides a comprehensive overview of progress on separation chemistry processes, and in particular on the technologies associated with the separation and recovery of minor actinides for recycling so as to help move towards the implementation of advanced fuel cycles. The report examines both aqueous and pyro processes, as well as the status of current and proposed technologies described according to the hierarchy of separations targeting different fuel components. The process criteria that will affect technology downselection are also reviewed, as are non-proliferation requirements. The maturity of different reprocessing techniques are assessed using a scale based on the technology readiness level, and perspectives for future R&D are reviewed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264298545-en
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  • 44
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    Débattre des enjeux : complexité et action publique (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264301672
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (125 p.)
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Dans le cadre de l’initiative de l’OCDE relative aux Nouvelles approches face aux défis économiques (NAEC), des experts de l’Organisation et des personnalités extérieures ont été invités à examiner la théorie de la complexité. Celle-ci permet de mieux comprendre le caractère interdépendant des tendances et influences qui façonnent notre environnement socio-économique. Dans leurs contributions, rassemblées dans cette publication, ces experts examinent les hypothèses, les points forts et les failles des modèles analytiques traditionnels. Ils proposent aussi des pistes pour construire de nouveaux modèles qui prennent en compte des dimensions comme la psychologie, l’histoire et la culture. Les auteurs s’intéressent à la science économique en tant que telle, au système financier et aux applications de la théorie de la complexité à l’élaboration des politiques publiques et à la gouvernance. Un nouveau regard sur la science économique s’impose. Il devrait prendre en compte les espérances, les valeurs, les attitudes et comportements des individus, au même titre que les faits et les données que les économistes ont davantage l’habitude de traiter.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264301672-fr
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  • 45
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    Country-by-Country Reporting - Compilation of Peer Review Reports (Phase 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 13 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264300972 , 9789264300989 , 9789264300057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (870 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: Under the Action 13 Minimum Standard, jurisdictions have committed to foster tax transparency by requesting the largest multinational enterprise groups (MNE Groups) to provide the global allocation of their income, taxes and other indicators of the location of economic activity. This unprecedented information on MNE Groups’ operations across the world will boost tax authorities’ risk-assessment capabilities. The Action 13 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review process. The peer review of the Action 13 Minimum Standard is proceeding in stages with three annual reviews in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The phased review process follows the phased implementation of Country-by-Country (CbC) Reporting. Each annual peer review process will therefore focus on different aspects of the three key areas under review: the domestic legal and administrative framework, the exchange of information framework, and the confidentiality and appropriate use of CbC reports. This first annual peer review report reflects the outcome of the first review which focused on the domestic legal and administrative framework. It contains the review of 95 jurisdictions which provided legislation or information pertaining to the implementation of CbC Reporting.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264300057-en
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  • 46
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    Assessing the economic valuation of the benefits of regulating chemicals : lessons learned from five case studies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 136
    Keywords: Chemikalienrecht ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Gesundheit ; Ökosystem ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Fallstudie
    Abstract: This paper reviews and compares five case studies on quantification and economic valuation of benefits in cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) of regulating phthalates, mercury, PFOA (perfluoro-octanic acid) and its salts, NMP (1 methyl-2-pyrroloidine) and formaldehyde. The case studies had all been carried out as part of the SACAME project, and the purpose of the present paper is to draw out cross-cutting findings from these studies.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/9a061350-en
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  • 47
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    Power struggle : decarbonising the electricity sector : effects of climate policies, policy misalignments and political economy factors on decarbonisation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 139
    Keywords: Kohlekraftwerk ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Regressionsanalyse ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report investigates the effects of select climate policies, non-climate policies, as well as political economy factors on the decarbonisation of electricity in OECD countries from 2000 to 2015. Effects are analysed on the three phases of decarbonisation: (1) increasing the share of renewables installed, (2) increasing the use of renewables in generation, and (3) reducing the emissions from electricity.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/900f4c72-en
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  • 48
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    Policy use of well-being metrics : describing countries’ experiences (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 7
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Messung ; Politik ; Ecuador ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Neuseeland ; Schottland ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The last decade has seen major advances in the measurement of well-being in national statistics – but what are governments doing to incorporate these metrics and frameworks into policy decision making? This paper describes the progress made in many countries on measuring well-being at a national level, and the mechanisms being developed to mainstream both concepts and evidence on well-being into policy settings. In all cases, countries are adopting a multidimensional approach to the measurement of well-being, and several initiatives have been informed by extensive public consultation processes. For seven countries, detailed case studies in the Annex describe the development and implementation of policy mechanisms for integrating well-being evidence: Ecuador, France, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paper finds that well-being evidence is applied at several different stages of the policy cycle, from strategic analysis and prioritization to evaluations of policy interventions. In most cases these initiatives are only a few years old, and institutional support will be vital for the durability of these mechanisms over time and through different political cycles.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d98eb8ed-en
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  • 49
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    Inequalities in emerging economies : informing the policy dialogue on inclusive growth (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 128 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 13
    Keywords: Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armut ; Lebensqualität ; Datenbank ; Schwellenländer ; Brasilien ; Kolumbien ; Costa Rica ; China ; Indien ; Indonesien ; Südafrika ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper describes inequality trends in selected emerging economies (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa) in a range of monetary (i.e. income) and non-monetary dimensions of people’s life (i.e. education, health status, employment and subjective well-being). Inequalities are analysed not only in terms of overall dispersion, but also as gaps between population groups defined by specific characteristics (i.e. sex, age, educational attainment and place of living). To the extent made possible by the nature of available data, measures of income inequality for these emerging countries, as well as for 7 Latin American countries (Bolivia, Dominic Republic, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay), are based on concepts and definitions similar to those used by the OECD for its member countries. All the emerging economies covered in the paper show levels of income inequality higher than in the five most unequal OECD countries, while the picture is more mixed when it comes to inequalities in other dimensions of people’s well-being. An annex complements the analysis by presenting an assessment of the quality of the available data on income distribution for the emerging countries covered in the paper.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6c0db7fb-en
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  • 50
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    Metadata for Radioactive Waste Management (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311237-en
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  • 51
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    Developing Robust Project Pipelines for Low-Carbon Infrastructure (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307827 , 9789264308268 , 9789264308251
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Developing robust project pipelines for low-carbon infrastructure
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Projektmanagement ; Welt ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Klimaschutz
    Abstract: This report aims to provide policy makers with a comprehensive examination of “project pipelines”, a common concept in infrastructure planning and investment discussions, and one which has become a focal point in countries’ efforts to implement their climate commitments. The analysis is structured around some basic but important guiding questions, including: What is meant by project pipelines? How can we characterise them? What concrete approaches and actions can governments and other public institutions take to develop project pipelines and mobilise private finance into these projects? This close look at pipelines suggests that they can only be as robust as the investment-ready and bankable projects that constitute them, as effective as institutions that deliver them, and as ambitious as the objectives to which they are linked. Through a series of case studies, the report highlights that while governments and public institutions are already taking actions to develop robust pipelines in a range of country settings, these pipelines nevertheless need to be strengthened significantly to meet long-term climate mitigation objectives. Good practices pioneered by the countries and actors in the case studies can provide models for governments to adapt and bolster their own efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307827-en
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    OECD Public Governance Reviews: Paraguay : Pursuing National Development through Integrated Public Governance (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304901 , 9789264304895 , 9789264301856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública: Paraguay : Hacia un desarrollo nacional mediante una gobernanza pública integrada
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD public governance reviews
    Keywords: Politik ; Politische Entscheidung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Nonprofit-Management ; Paraguay ; Governance ; Paraguay ; Paraguay ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Governance
    Abstract: Paraguay has identified public governance reform as an important tool for achieving sustainable and inclusive growth. This review examines areas of public governance such as co-ordination across administrative silos, strengthening links between budgeting and planning, and enhancing the decentralisation process to improve development outcomes in all regions of the country. It also assesses the management of the civil service, as well as the implementation of open government strategies and initiatives to involve citizens and businesses in the policy cycle. This review provides concrete recommendations to support public governance reform in Paraguay.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264301856-en
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  • 53
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    Essai n° 319B : Détermination de la clairance intrinsèque in vitro sur la fraction subcellulaire S9 du foie de truite arc-en-ciel (RT-S9) (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303249
    Language: French
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 319B: Determination of in vitro intrinsic clearance using rainbow trout liver S9 sub-cellular fraction (RT-S9)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice (LD) décrit l’utilisation de la fraction subcellulaire S9 du foie de truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RT-S9) afin de déterminer la clairance intrinsèque in vitro (CL IN VITRO, INT) du produit chimique testé, par une approche fondée sur la déplétion du substrat. La réaction est déclenchée par l’addition du produit chimique testé dans le milieu d’incubation contenant le RT-S9. Pour collecter des échantillons à différents points dans le temps, on arrête la réaction en transférant des aliquotes du milieu d’incubation dans une solution d’arrêt. La diminution de la concentration de produit chimique testé dans les échantillons provenant du flacon d’incubation est mesurée par une méthode analytique validée, et utilisée pour déterminer la CL IN VITRO, INT. La valeur obtenue peut alors être utilisée pour améliorer les prédictions in silico de la bioaccumulation du produit chimique chez le poisson.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264303249-fr
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    Social Protection System Review : A Toolkit (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310070 , 9789264310803 , 9789264310797
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Tools
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examen des systèmes de protection sociale : Un guide pratique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social protection system review
    Keywords: Soziale Sicherheit ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Sozialpolitik ; Wohlfahrtsstaat
    Abstract: The positive impacts of social protection on reducing poverty and inequality and contributing to development are well evidenced. Establishing an integrated system facilitates the provision of a social protection floor, whereby individuals are appropriately protected throughout the life cycle. This is achieved not only by making sure there is a sufficient range of programmes to cover a population’s risk profile but also by sharing information on different individuals to ensure they are linked to an appropriate programme. The Social Protection System Review is one of a small number of tools that serve to analyse how effective a country is in establishing a social protection system that responds to the needs of its people both today and in the future. The toolkit presents methodologies which can be implemented in any country, at any income level and by any institution. It is intended to generate policy recommendations that are actionable through national systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310070-en
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  • 55
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Indonesia 2018 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302754
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Indonesia 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Indonesien ; Taxation ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Indonesia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302754-en
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    Managing Weather-Related Disasters in Southeast Asian Agriculture (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302891 , 9789264302860 , 9789264123533
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Managing weather-related disasters in Southeast Asian agriculture
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Dürre ; Überschwemmung ; Sturm ; Katastrophenschaden ; Wetter ; Landwirtschaft ; Südostasien ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: Southeast Asia’s exposure to increasingly frequent and intense weather-related disasters is a growing concern for agricultural producers of the region. This study reviews policy approaches to droughts, floods and typhoons in Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam in an effort to identify good practices and strengthen the resilience of the agricultural sector. The study assesses the risk exposure of this sector to weather-related disasters and reviews risk management policies using an OECD policy framework on the mitigation of droughts and floods in agriculture as a benchmark. The analysis reveals several priority areas to strengthen the resilience of the agricultural sectors in these four Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, including: 1) improving the prevention and mitigation components of disaster risk management by aligning policy incentives and by integrating risk-reduction measures into infrastructure planning and extension systems; 2) implementing and enforcing water allocation and water use restriction instruments to steer farmers towards more efficient water use; 3) enhancing the co-ordination of government and partner institutions' activities to enable a more timely response to disasters; and 4) improving the timely distribution of inputs, equipment and social protection measures like disaster-linked cash transfers to strengthen the capacity of farmers to recover from disasters.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264123533-en
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  • 57
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    The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2018 : Interim Assessment of Key SME Reforms (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304161 , 9789264306653 , 9789264306646
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا المتوسطية 2018: التقييم المرحلي للإصلاحات المتعلقة بالمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Politiques en faveur des PME : Moyen-Orient méditerranéen et Afrique du Nord 2018 : Évaluation intermédiaire des principales réformes en faveur des PME
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; MENA-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; MENA-Region ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Reform
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of major reforms undertaken between 2014 and 2018 to promote micro, small and medium-sized enterprise development in Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority and Tunisia. The report focuses on five strategic areas for SME policy making: SME definitions, statistics and institutions; improving business environments for SMEs and entrepreneurs; fostering access to finance; nurturing start-ups and SME growth; and the development of entrepreneurial human capital. The report aims to showcase good practices and to point to areas where more efforts are needed. It provides valuable guidance for governments, private sector organisations, multilateral bodies and other stakeholders to intensify their efforts to support SMEs as essential vehicles for jobs and competitiveness. This is particularly relevant in a region striving to boost economic diversification, employment creation and the inclusion of youth and women in the economy. The report is the result of a process of close collaboration among governments, the OECD, the European Training Foundation and the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304161-en
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  • 58
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    Essai n° 319A : Détermination de la clairance intrinsèque in vitro sur des hépatocytes de truite arc en ciel (rt-hep) cryoconservés (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303225
    Language: French
    Pages: 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Test No. 319A: Determination of in vitro intrinsic clearance using cryopreserved rainbow trout hepatocytes (RT-HEP)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice (LD) décrit l’utilisation d’hépatocytes de truite arc-en-ciel Oncorhynchus mykiss (RT-HEP) cryoconservés afin de déterminer la clairance intrinsèque in vitro (CL, IN VITRO, INT) du produit chimique testé, par une approche fondée sur la déplétion du substrat. La réaction est déclenchée par l’addition du produit chimique testé à la suspension. Pour collecter des échantillons à différents points dans le temps, on arrête la réaction en transférant des aliquotes de la suspension dans une solution d’arrêt. La diminution de la concentration de produit chimique testé dans les échantillons provenant du flacon d’incubation est mesurée par une méthode analytique validée, et utilisée pour déterminer la CL IN VITRO, INT. La valeur obtenue peut alors être utilisée pour améliorer les prédictions in silico de la bioaccumulation du produit chimique chez le poisson.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264303225-fr
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  • 59
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: San Marino 2018 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: San Marino 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; San Marino ; Taxation ; San Marino
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of San Marino.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302839-en
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  • 60
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    Diagnostic d'intégrité au Maroc : Mettre en œuvre des politiques d'intégrité pour renforcer la confiance (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302693 , 9789264308275 , 9789264308282
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Keywords: Governance ; Morocco
    Abstract: L'intégrité est cruciale pour renforcer la confiance dans les institutions marocaines. Le gouvernement du Maroc a élaboré une stratégie nationale de lutte contre la corruption à long terme et s'est engagé à promouvoir l'intégrité publique. Ce rapport examine l'état actuel du système d'intégrité du Maroc. En s’appuyant sur les meilleures pratiques des pays de l'OCDE, il formule des recommandations en matière de politiques publiques dans le but de soutenir les efforts du gouvernement. Le rapport se concentre sur l'environnement juridique, réglementaire et politique dans le domaine de la lutte contre la corruption et de l'intégrité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302693-fr
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  • 61
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    Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 8 : OECD Consensus Document of the Biology of Mosquito Aedes aegypti (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303324 , 9789264303331 , 9789264302235
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms in the environment ; Volume 8: OECD consensus document of the biology of mosquito Aedes aegypti
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Stechmücken ; Gentechnologie ; Umweltbelastung
    Abstract: Volume 8 of the Series contains the first biosafety ‘consensus document’ to deal with the biology of an insect, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Issued by the OECD Working Group on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, the science-based consensus documents collate information for use during the regulatory risk assessment of biotechnology products, i.e. transgenic organisms (plants, animals, micro-organisms) when intended for release in the environment. Ae. aegypti mosquito is vectoring yellow fever, dengue, Zika and Chikungunya diseases in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Biotechnological applications are developed to control the mosquito population and reduce virus transmission. The book provides information on Ae. aegypti taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, reproductive biology, genetics, ecology, interactions with other species and the environment. The mosquito effects on human and animal health, and the control strategies/specific programmes to limit its development are also summarised.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302235-en
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  • 62
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    Pharmaceutical Innovation and Access to Medicines (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307391 , 9789264311145 , 9789264311329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pharmaceutical innovation and access to medicines
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Pharmaindustrie ; Arzneimittel ; Industrieforschung ; Innovation ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Arzneimittelmarkt ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtliche Publikation ; Arzneimittelentwicklung ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: This report reviews the important role of medicines in health systems, describes recent trends in pharmaceutical expenditure and financing, and summarises the approaches used by OECD countries to determine coverage and pricing. It then highlights current issues for policy makers, such as the increasing prices of new medicines; concerns about the value of spending in some therapeutic areas; challenges in anticipating the arrival of very effective medicines for highly prevalent diseases; sharp price increases in off-patent products; and the apparent misalignment of current incentives for the development of treatments for certain conditions. The report also describes the role of the biopharmaceutical industry in OECD economies, examines the process of pharmaceutical R&D and its financing, and looks at the risks, costs and return from R&D investment for the industry. Examining trends in the industry over time, it shows that productivity of R&D expenditure has declined; that the duration of market exclusivity has remained relatively stable; that new medicines are increasingly being developed for small patient populations; and that the industry as a whole has remained highly profitable for investors. Lastly, the report presents a range of policy options for consideration by policy makers, to support the development of effective and co-ordinated responses to the identified challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307391-en
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    Contratación pública en Nuevo León, México : Promoviendo la eficiencia por medio de la centralización y la profesionalización (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288317 , 9789264290808 , 9789264298286
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Public Procurement in Nuevo León, Mexico: Promoting Efficiency through Centralisation and Professionalisation
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: El presente estudio analiza las reformas en curso en materia de contratación pública en Nuevo León, México, tanto el progreso alcanzado hasta el momento como los múltiples desafíos pendientes por resolver. Discute los beneficios de avanzar hacia la centralización de las actividades de contratación pública de bienes y servicios, así como de la consolidación y de un cambio en la cultura administrativa, migrando de la formalidad excesiva hacia contrataciones públicas estratégicas y con enfoque en el valor por el dinero. El estudio plantea propuestas concretas que abordan cada aspecto del ciclo de las contrataciones, desde la planeación y las investigaciones de mercado hasta la gestión de contratos.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288317-es
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  • 64
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    Digital Government Review of Brazil : Towards the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307636 , 9789264311343 , 9789264311336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Brazil
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Brasilien ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; E-Government ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Like most OECD countries, Brazil has been taking steps towards digital government to ensure that public policies and services are more inclusive, convenient and designed to meet citizens’ needs. This report takes stock of the progress made by the Brazilian government, based on good practices and principles in OECD countries, and provides recommendations to help Brazil drive its digital transformation of the public sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307636-en
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  • 65
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    Managing the Water-Energy-Land-Food Nexus in Korea : Policies and Governance Options (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264306714 , 9789264306875 , 9789264306523
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: This report assesses the key bottlenecks within the water-energy-land-food nexus in Korea, and proposes policy recommendations and governance arrangements to future-proof environmental integrity and enhance sustainable growth. The increasing pressure caused by urbanisation, industrialisation, population growth and climate change in Korea has led to more land consumption and augmented water supply, at the expense of the environment and at a high cost for public finance. Korea has engaged with the OECD via a national policy dialogue to explore best practices from the wider international community to better manage the nexus at the river basin scale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306523-en
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  • 66
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    Seven Questions about Apprenticeships : Answers from International Experience (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307254 , 9789264307247 , 9789264306486
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'apprentissage et l'alternance en sept questions : Leçons des expériences internationales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Seven questions about apprenticeships
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Berufsausbildung
    Abstract: After a period of relative neglect in many countries, apprenticeships and other forms of work-based learning are experiencing a revival. Their effectiveness in easing school-to-work transitions and serving the economy is increasingly recognised. However, engaging individuals, employers, social partners and education and training systems in such learning remains a significant challenge. In light of this, Seven Questions about Apprenticeships draws out policy messages on how to design and implement high-quality apprenticeships, using material from the OECD project Work-based Learning in Vocational Education and Training. It presents answers to seven questions commonly asked by governments and practitioners seeking to either introduce or reform apprenticeship systems for young people and/or older workers. Can apprenticeships provide a useful contribution in every country? Should employers receive financial incentives for providing apprenticeships? What is the right wage for apprentices, and how long should an apprenticeship last? How can we ensure a good learning experience at work? How can apprenticeships be made to work for youth at risk? And how to attract potential apprentices? The study establishes principles of effective practice by building on new analytical work and examples of effective practice from around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306486-en
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    Cycling Safety : Summary and Conclusions (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282191620
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.168
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report summarises the findings of an ITF Roundtable on Cycling Safety held in April 2018 with 33 researchers and practitioners from 16 countries. Cycling has a net positive effect on public health, despite the risk of injury it is often associated with. Policy makers are nonetheless concerned that increasing numbers of cyclists carries a risk of more traffic injuries and fatalities. Uncertainties also exist regarding the safety record of e-bikes and bike share systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/7f4da6f4-en
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    Mental Health and Work: New Zealand (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310346 , 9789264307315 , 9789264310339
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Neuseeland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand ; Neuseeland ; Psychische Gesundheit ; Psychische Störung ; Arbeit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Gesundheitsfürsorge
    Abstract: Tackling mental health problems of the working-age population is a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries, not just for health systems. Governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental health conditions in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market into it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on New Zealand is the tenth in a series of reports looking at how broader education, health, welfare and labour market policy challenges are being tackled in a number of countries. The report is also the first one published after the endorsement of the OECD Recommendation of the Council on "Integrated Mental Health, Skills and Work Policy" and assesses New Zealand's performance against the strategic policy framework agreed by all OECD countries. The report concludes that awareness and policy thinking is well developed in New Zealand but that structural and institutional weaknesses limit the provision of timely, integrated health and employment services, with particularly disappointing outcomes for the indigenous population. Against the background of the OECD Council Recommendation, the report proposes improvements in policy development and policy implementation to make youth, workplace, health and welfare policies ready for the challenge.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307315-en
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  • 69
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    Energy Subsidy Reform in the Republic of Moldova : Energy Affordability, Fiscal and Environmental Impacts (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264292833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforma subvențiilor energetice în Republica Moldova: Accesibilitatea la energie, impactul fiscal și de mediu
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy subsidy reform in the Republic of Moldova
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Subvention ; Reform ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Umweltökonomik ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report looks at the fiscal, environmental and social impacts of energy subsidy reform in Moldova with a particular focus on energy affordability. Reduced value added tax (VAT) rate on natural gas consumption and a VAT exemption on electricity and heat consumption by domestic users represent the largest fossil-fuel consumer subsidies in Moldova. Reforming these will imply an increase of the VAT rate, which will lead to an increase of gas, electricity and heat tariffs for households, and will in turn affect household consumption levels, related expenditures and energy affordability. If reform measures are to work, they will need to be accompanied by a carefully-designed social policy to protect poor households.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264292833-en
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  • 70
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    Examen multidimensionnel du Maroc (Volume 2) : Analyse approfondie et recommandations (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264301139 , 9789264298699 , 9789264259317
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les voies de développement
    Keywords: Development ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Maroc ambitionne de rejoindre le rang des pays émergents et de réussir un développement dynamique et équitable. Porté par cet objectif, le Maroc s’est engagé dans un programme de modernisation et de transformation profonde du pays depuis la fin des années 90. Pour permettre au Maroc de franchir une nouvelle étape dans son développement et d’enclencher une dynamique de croissance forte, pérenne et inclusive, l’OCDE a identifié trois axes de réformes essentielles. Le premier vise à renforcer la compétitivité des entreprises industrielles pour donner une nouvelle impulsion à la transformation structurelle. Le deuxième a pour objectif de relever le niveau de formation de la population et de le mettre en adéquation avec les besoins du marché du travail. Le troisième cherche à renforcer la cohérence des stratégies sectorielles pour accroître l’efficacité des politiques publiques et de l’action de l’État. Ce deuxième volume de l’Examen multidimensionnel du Maroc fournit des recommandations détaillées sur chacun de ces axes de réforme, et ce à partir d’une analyse approfondie et d’un processus participatif mené avec les parties prenantes marocaines.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264298699-fr
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Estonia 2018 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264291034
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Estonia 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Estland ; Taxation ; Estonia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Estonia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264291034-en
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  • 72
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Ireland (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304192
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Ireland (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Irland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Ireland
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Ireland.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304192-en
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  • 73
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    Inégalités de revenu : l'écart entre les riches et les pauvres (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264300682 , 9789264300408
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 14.5 x 22cm.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Income Inequality: The Gap between Rich and Poor
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Desigualdad de ingresos : La brecha entre ricos y pobres
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Les inégalités de revenu s’accroissent. Il y a vingt-cinq ans, le revenu disponible moyen des 10 % les plus riches dans les pays de l’OCDE était environ sept fois plus élevé que celui des 10 % les plus pauvres ; aujourd’hui, il est environ neuf fois et demie plus élevé. Pourquoi est-ce important ? Beaucoup craignent que cet écart grandissant n’affecte les individus, les sociétés et même les économies. Cet ouvrage analyse les inégalités de revenu en cinq points. Tout d’abord, il définit les notions essentielles pour appréhender l’enjeu des inégalités. Ensuite, il décrit les tendances récentes et explique pourquoi les inégalités varient selon les pays. Puis, il se penche sur les causes des écarts de revenu grandissants et, en particulier, de l’essor des « 1 % ». Il poursuit en analysant les conséquences des inégalités, notamment en évoquant les recherches qui suggèrent un impact potentiellement négatif sur la croissance économique. Enfin, il examine les politiques visant à s’attaquer aux inégalités de revenu et à rendre nos économies plus inclusives.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264300408-fr
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  • 74
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Australia (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304208
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Australia (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Australien ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Australia
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Australia, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices which can be accessed on the OECD website: http://oe.cd/bepsaction14.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304208-en
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  • 75
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    Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use in Latin America : Evidence from Environmental Performance Reviews (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309630 , 9789264312203 , 9789264312197
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in Latin America
    Keywords: Artenschutz ; Bodenwirtschaft ; Lateinamerika ; Environment ; Governance ; Lateinamerika ; Artenschutz ; Biodiversität ; Bodenökologie
    Abstract: This report synthesises key findings on biodiversity and ecosystem services from the Environmental Performance Reviews completed for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru between 2013 and 2017. The report aims to provide a sense of the common challenges facing these Latin American countries, the strategies being used to tackle them, the gaps that remain and how these can be addressed. Focusing on Latin America is particularly pertinent given the great wealth of biodiversity in the region and the growing pressures on its conservation and sustainable use.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309630-en
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  • 76
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    L' apprentissage et l'alternance en sept questions : Leçons des expériences internationales (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307513 , 9789264310773 , 9789264310780
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'éducation et la formation professionnelles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Seven Questions about Apprenticeships: Answers from International Experience
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Aujourd’hui, la formation en alternance et les autres types de formation en milieu professionnel prennent un nouvel essor, après avoir été relativement négligés dans de nombreux pays. Leur efficacité pour faciliter le passage de l’école à la vie active et répondre aux besoins de l’économie est de plus en plus largement reconnue. Toutefois, faire œuvrer ensemble dans un tel cadre individus, employeurs, partenaires sociaux et systèmes d’enseignement et de formation demeure une tâche ardue. C’est pourquoi L’apprentissage et l’alternance en sept questions fournit des indications aux pouvoirs publics sur la manière d’organiser et de mettre en œuvre la formation en alternance afin d’en garantir la qualité. Les messages formulés s’appuient sur les conclusions du projet de l’OCDE sur la formation en milieu professionnel dans le cadre de l’éducation et de la formation professionnelles. Cette publication vient répondre à sept questions récurrentes chez les décideurs et les acteurs du terrain qui souhaitent mettre en place ou réformer le système de formation en alternance à destination des jeunes et des moins jeunes. L’alternance est-elle une option avantageuse dans tous les pays ? Les employeurs doivent-ils être incités financièrement à offrir des contrats en alternance ? Quel est le juste niveau de salaire des alternants et combien de temps leur formation doit-elle durer ? Comment garantir une bonne initiation pratique en entreprise ? Comment faire en sorte que la formation en alternance donne de bons résultats pour les jeunes en difficulté ? Comment attirer de potentiels alternants ? Cet ouvrage identifie les principes d’une pratique efficace à partir de travaux d’analyse originaux et d’exemples concrets relevés dans le monde entier.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307513-fr
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  • 77
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Israel (Stage 1) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304284
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report: Israel (stage 1)
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Israel ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Israel
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 1 peer review of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Israel.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304284-en
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  • 78
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    Public Procurement in Nuevo León, Mexico : Promoting Efficiency through Centralisation and Professionalisation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288225 , 9789264290792 , 9789264298279
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Contratación pública en Nuevo León, México : Promoviendo la eficiencia por medio de la centralización y la profesionalización
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public procurement in Nuevo León, Mexico
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Nuevo León ; Governance ; Mexico ; Nuevo León ; Öffentliche Beschaffung
    Abstract: This review examines the ongoing public procurement reforms in Nuevo León, Mexico: both the progress achieved so far and the many challenges that remain. It discusses the benefits of further centralisation of public procurement activities for goods and services, greater aggregation, and a shift in administrative culture from excessive formality toward strategic public procurement and value for money. The review provides concrete proposals addressing every aspect of the procurement lifecycle, from planning and market consultations to contract management.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288225-en
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  • 79
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    Envejecimiento : Análisis de temas de actualidad (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288119
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 14.5 x 22cm.
    Series Statement: Esenciales OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ageing: Debate the Issues
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Débattre des enjeux : le vieillissement
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: El envejecimiento afecta de múltiples formas a las personas y a la sociedad en su conjunto. Pero sus consecuencias para la atención de la salud, la vida laboral, los ingresos y el bienestar en general no siempre son los que muchos imaginan. En Envejecimiento: Análisis de temas de actualidad se abordan los problemas, retos y oportunidades que este fenómeno ocasiona a los habitantes y a los gobiernos de los países desarrollados y en desarrollo. Expertos en demografía, investigación médica, pensiones, empleo y otros ámbitos dentro y fuera de la OCDE presentan sus análisis más recientes y sus puntos de vista sobre una de las tendencias más importantes que conforman a nuestras sociedades.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288119-es
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  • 80
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    Production Transformation Policy Review of Chile : Reaping the Benefits of New Frontiers (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288379
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Production transformation policy review of Chile
    Keywords: Produktionsstruktur ; Produktionstechnik ; Industriepolitik ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Chile ; Governance ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile is a relatively stable, well-connected, open economy. Over the last decade the country has managed to increase its participation in global value chains and to export new products. However, its knowledge base is limited, productivity is stagnating and economic opportunities are still concentrated in a few places and limited to a few activities and firms. Today’s global production revolution offers a window of opportunity for Chile to “update” its growth model to become more inclusive and sustainable. The Production Transformation Policy Review of Chile (PTPR) uses a forward-looking framework to assess the country readiness to embrace change, with perspectives on solar energy, mining and agro-food, and identifies priorities for future reforms. This review is the result of government-business dialogue and rigorous analysis. It benefitted from peer learning from Sweden, Germany and the Emilia Romagna Region in Italy through the OECD Initiative for Policy Dialogue on Global Value Chains, Production Transformation and Development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288379-en
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  • 81
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    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Korea (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309654 , 9789264309647 , 9789264307773
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 한국 농업 혁신, 생산성 및 지속가능성 검토, OECD 국가별 농식품 검토보고서
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Korea
    Keywords: Landwirtschaft ; Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Südkorea ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Agriculture and Food ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Agriculture in Korea is under increasing pressure to meet changing domestic demand, improve its productivity to keep up with the country's competitive manufacturing sector, and become more competitive at the international level. To date, the government has offered extensive support to farm income via price support, direct payments, preferential tax treatment, and reduced input prices. However, a more comprehensive policy approach is required to address the low-income problem in agriculture, and a more comprehensive rural development policy is also required to create employment opportunities for the younger generation. Korea should explore its potential to export niche agricultural products and processed food that reflect its rich and unique food culture. To unleash the sector’s potential, agricultural policy should focus on improving the productivity and sustainability of commercial enterprises and develop the food processing sector. The country's agricultural innovation system should become more integrated and collaborative, benefiting from its strong competitive advantage in Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307773-en
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  • 82
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    Developing Schools as Learning Organisations in Wales (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307889 , 9789264307193 , 9789264307896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Implementing Education Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Developing schools as learning organisations in Wales
    Keywords: Schulpolitik ; Lernende Organisation ; Wales ; Education ; United Kingdom ; Wales ; Schulpolitik ; Schulentwicklung
    Abstract: Wales (United Kingdom) considers the development of schools as learning organisations as vital for supporting schools to put its new, 21st century curriculum into practice. A growing body of research evidence shows that schools that operate as learning organisations can react more quickly to changing external environments and embrace changes and innovations. This report aims to support Wales in this effort, gauging the extent to which schools have put into practice the characteristics of learning organisations and identifying areas for further development. It also examines the system-level conditions that can enable or hinder schools in Wales in developing as learning organisations. It offers a number of concrete recommendations for consideration by the Welsh Government and other stakeholders at various levels of the system. The report will be valuable not only for Wales, but also to the many countries that are looking to establish collaborative learning cultures across their school systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307193-en
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  • 83
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    Corporate Governance in Lithuania (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302617
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corporate governance in Lithuania
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Litauen ; Governance ; Lithuania ; Litauen ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: This review of Corporate Governance in Lithuania was prepared in the context of Lithuania’s accession process to the OECD. It assesses Lithuania’s corporate governance arrangements – the laws, regulations and institutions that shape company oversight – for listed companies and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) against the standards of the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises. The report reaches a positive overall assessment of Lithuania’s willingness and ability to implement these corporate governance standards and makes a number of recommendations to address remaining weaknesses. With respect to listed companies, the report notably recommends that Lithuania give priority to monitoring implementation of recent legislative reforms to strengthen corporate boards of directors and, in the medium term, consider further strengthening and clarifying their legal responsibilities. With respect to SOEs, this report recommends that Lithuania give priority to further strengthening the effectiveness of the state’s ownership coordination function, ensuring that the state’s requirements on board composition and disclosure practices are fully implemented by the SOEs for which they are mandatory and moving forward with plans to convert commercially-oriented statutory SOEs to limited liability companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302617-en
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  • 84
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    Assessing Global Progress in the Governance of Critical Risks (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309272
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Assessing global progress in the governance of critical risks
    Keywords: Risikomanagement ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: The successful governance of critical risks is a strategic investment in preserving economic competitiveness and sustainable growth and in ensuring safer and better lives for the future. Citizens and businesses expect governments to be prepared for a wide range of possible crises and global shocks. However, the increasing frequency of events previously believed impossible, and their significant economic impact, has often revealed significant governance gaps. This OECD report provides an overview of countries' progess in implementing the Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of Critical Risks, which were designed to better govern and manage complex national risks. Based on an OECD wide survey, the report evaluates the progress made by countries, seeking to evaluate the key challenges in institutional, policy, administrative and regulatory mechanisms, used to manage critical risks from a whole of government perspective. The ultimate goal is to guide governments in minimising the effects of critical risks on economies and on citizens' daily lives to preserve national security.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309272-en
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  • 85
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    OECD Reviews of School Resources: Portugal 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264308411 , 9789264310582 , 9789264310599
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of School Resources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Liebowitz, David OECD reviews of school resources
    Keywords: Schule ; Bildungsfinanzierung ; Schulpolitik ; Portugal ; Education ; Governance ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Schule ; Schulpolitik ; Schulfinanzierung
    Abstract: This country review offers an independent analysis of major issues facing the use of school resources in Portugal from an international perspective. It provides a description of national policies, an analysis of strengths and challenges and options for possible future approaches. The analysis focuses on the process of decentralisation of school governance, the integration of local, national and international funding streams in educational financing, and the development of the teaching profession. The report covers primary and secondary school education.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264308411-en
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  • 86
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    Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Hongrie 2018 (Version abrégée) (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264306721
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Hungary 2018
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Hungary
    Abstract: La Hongrie a notablement progressé dans le découplage des principales pressions environnementales par rapport à la croissance de la production, ce qui tient en grande partie à la mise en œuvre des directives de l’UE. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont toutefois reparties à la hausse sous l’effet du récent rebond de l’activité économique. Il n’y a pas eu d’amélioration significative de la qualité de l’air, et des risques continuent de peser sur la qualité de l’eau. D’importantes difficultés institutionnelles font obstacle à une application plus efficace du droit et des politiques de l’environnement. La Hongrie pourrait accélérer la transition vers une économie plus verte et bas carbone, notamment en investissant dans l’efficacité énergétique du secteur résidentiel et dans la gestion rationnelle des déchets et des matières, ainsi qu’en assurant une prise en compte plus systématique de la protection de la biodiversité dans les politiques économiques sectorielles. Ceci est le troisième Examen environnemental de la Hongrie. Il évalue les avancées du pays en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, et comporte des chapitres spéciaux consacrés aux déchets, à la gestion des matières et à l’économie circulaire, ainsi qu’à la biodiversité. Cette version abrégée contient le résumé, ainsi que l’évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport, issues des trois chapitres sur les tendances et développements récents, la gouvernance, la croissance verte, ainsi que des deux chapitres détaillés sur les déchets, la gestion des matières et l’économie circulaire, et sur la biodiversité. La version intégrale du rapport est disponible en anglais sur le site de l’OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306721-fr
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    SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in Kazakhstan 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264301450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Kazakhstan 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Kasachstan ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entrepreneurship
    Abstract: The government of Kazakhstan has set an objective to substantially increase the contribution of SMEs and entrepreneurs to employment and value added in the economy. Although there are large numbers of SMEs and entrepreneurs in the country, achieving this growth will require a step change in the productivity of existing SMEs and the emergence of many more medium-sized and growth-oriented firms. This report shows the important achievements of the government in creating a clear vision and structures for SME and entrepreneurship policy, including major improvements in business regulations and through the introduction of the Business Road Map 2020 programme offering direct supports to SMEs and entrepreneurs in areas such as financing and infrastructure. It also highlights the current challenge of doing more to strengthen management capabilities, skills, and innovation in SMEs and new enterprises, and makes a range of specific recommendations for policy actions including further building the incubator and Entrepreneurship Support Centre infrastructure, introducing dedicated support for high-growth potential enterprises, and stimulating supply chain linkages around foreign director investors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264301450-en
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  • 88
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    Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement : France 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303812 , 9789264303805 , 9789264302716
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: France 2018
    Keywords: Development ; France
    Abstract: Le Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) de l’OCDE procède à des examens périodiques des efforts individuels de coopération au développement des membres du CAD. Les politiques et les programmes de chacun des membres font l’objet d’un examen critique une fois tous les cinq ans. Les examens par les pairs évaluent la performance du membre considéré, non pas seulement celle de son organisme de coopération pour le développement, et examinent les aspects ayant trait tant à la définition de la politique qu’à sa mise en œuvre. Ils couvrent dans leur globalité les activités de coopération pour le développement et d’aide humanitaire du membre soumis à examen en les replaçant dans le système envisagé dans son entier. Cet examen analyse la performance de la France, y compris en ce qui concerne ses efforts en matière de stabilité internationale, de son financement climatique, l’impact de la composition dons-prêts de son aide publique au développement ainsi que le pilotage de celle-ci.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302716-fr
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  • 89
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    Cooperative Mobility Systems and Automated Driving : Summary and Conclusions (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282115459
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.167
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Automated vehicles could make roads safer as well as reduce congestion. Whether society will be able to capture these benefits while minimising negative impacts depends on effective regulation of self-driving vehicles. The technology is still largely experimental and mass use is likely to take decades. Today’s regulatory frameworks can stretch to accommodate early deployment, but they will not be sufficient in the long term. This report reviews the range of existing service concepts for automated driving systems and technologies, the operational environments they require and assesses the need for regulatory action.
    DOI: 10.1787/5ca48905-en
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  • 90
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    Proceedings of the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) Workshop : 24-25 October 2017 Boulogne-Billancourt, France (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264442535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiological Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) was developed in response to NEA member countries' desire to test and demonstrate the value of changes put in place following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. INEX-5 was held during 2015 and 2016, and was followed by the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) Workshop in early 2017. Representatives from 22 member countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission attended the workshop, where participants identified elements emerging from INEX-5 that would help improve international and national arrangements for notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving radiation or radiological materials. The workshop was an interactive experience structured around invited presentations, moderated discussions and breakout groups that addressed the four broad topics of communication and information sharing with other countries and international partners; cross-border and international co-ordination of protective actions; mid- and long-term aspects of recovery; and connections with the work of other international organisations and networks. These proceedings provide a summary of the proposals and recommendations for future work in emergency management.
    DOI: 10.1787/952e223b-en
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  • 91
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    Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United States 2018 (Second Round) : Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302853
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United States 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; USA ; Taxation ; United States
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302853-en
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  • 92
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    OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Portugal : Volume I - Inland and Maritime Transports and Ports (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264300026
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (472 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD competition assessment reviews ; volume I: Inland and maritime transports and ports
    Keywords: Wettbewerb ; Verkehrssektor ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Portugal ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Verkehrssektor ; Wettbewerb
    Abstract: Portugal’s services markets remain among the most heavily regulated in the OECD. Inland and maritime transports in Portugal are a vital part of the business environment, ensuring the movement of goods and passengers and inputs for the business sector. Regulatory restrictions limit the ability of firms to effectively compete in the markets, whether as providers or customers, while hampering innovation, efficiency and productivity. Against this backdrop, this report analyses Portuguese regulations for road, railway and maritime transport, and many ancillary services (such as vehicle inspection centres), as well as Portugal’s ports. The report examines 1 064 pieces of legislation and makes 417 individual recommendations for amending or removing restrictive provisions to improve competition, and makes a detailed inventory of the analysis underlying the work. Analysis of Portuguese legislation was complemented by research into international experiences and wide consultations with public and private sector stakeholders. The OECD recommendations aim to remove or modify the provisions to benefit businesses and consumers alike. This report identifies the sources of those benefits and gives estimates of their impact. Provided all recommendations are fully implemented, the benefit to the economy from lifting the barriers in the land and maritime transport sectors is estimated to be around EUR 250 million a year.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264300026-en
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  • 93
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    OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Kazakhstan 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264289062
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Обзоры систем здравоохранения: Казахстан 2018
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of health systems
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Kasachstan ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: Kazakhstan has made significant economic progress over recent decades. Health has risen on the policy agenda with a number of sector reforms introduced to modernise the system and improve the health of the population. This review uses globally recognised frameworks and indicators to evaluate Kazakhstan’s overall health system as well as its primary care and hospital sectors. Data provided by Kazakhstan is used to benchmark the various dimensions of performance with that of OECD countries. While the review points to notable successes, Kazakhstan continues to face challenges to improve the accessibility, equity, and efficiency of health services. To strengthen health system performance, the report points to key actions that Kazakhstan should consider prioritising in the coming years.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264289062-en
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  • 94
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    Harmful Tax Practices – 2017 Peer Review Reports on the Exchange of Information on Tax Rulings : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310933 , 9789264310940 , 9789264309586
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (484 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Harmful tax practices - 2017 peer review reports on the exchange of information on tax rulings
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Steuerharmonisierung ; Transparenz ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: BEPS Action 5 is one of the four BEPS minimum standards which all Inclusive Framework members have committed to implement. One part of the Action 5 minimum standard is the transparency framework for compulsory spontaneous exchange of information on certain tax rulings which, in the absence of transparency, could give rise to BEPS concerns. Over 120 jurisdictions have joined the Inclusive Framework and take part in the peer review to assess their compliance with the transparency framework. Specific terms of reference and a methodology have been agreed for the peer reviews to assess a jurisdiction’s implementation of the minimum standard. The review of the transparency framework assesses jurisdictions against the terms of reference which focus on five key elements: i) information gathering process, ii) exchange of information, iii) confidentiality of the information received; iv) statistics on the exchanges on rulings; and v) transparency on certain aspects of intellectual property regimes. Recommendations are issued where improvements are needed to meet the minimum standard. This report reflects the outcome of the second annual peer review of the implementation of the Action 5 minimum standard and covers 92 jurisdictions. It assesses implementation for the 1 January 2017 – 31 December 2017 period.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309586-en
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  • 95
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    Experience from the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX‑5) : Notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving ionising radiation and/or radioactive materials (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264308336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiological Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The NEA has a long tradition of expertise in the area of nuclear emergency policy, planning, preparedness and management. Through its activities in this field, it offers member countries unbiased assistance on nuclear preparedness matters, with a view to facilitating improvements in nuclear emergency preparedness strategies and response at the international level. A central approach to this has been the preparation and conduct of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series. The Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) was developed specifically in response to member countries’ desire to test and demonstrate the value of changes put in place following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Exercise objectives focused on notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving ionising radiation and/or radioactive material. The exercise was held during 2015 and 2016, with 22 countries participating in the exercise. This report summarises the major evaluation outcomes of the national and regional exercises, policy level outcomes, recommendations and follow-up activities emerging from INEX-5 and the discussions at the INEX-5 International Workshop. A set of key needs were identified in areas such as real-time communication and information sharing among countries and international partners, improving crossborder and international co-ordination of protective measures and considering the mental health impacts on populations when implementing protective measures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264308336-en
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  • 96
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    The Role of the Media and Investigative Journalism in Combating Corruption (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The media and investigative journalism play a crucial role in bringing allegations of corruption to light and fighting against impunity. International consortiums of investigative journalists are an example of an international cooperation that leads to tangible results in bringing financial and economic crime to the attention of the public and law enforcement authorities. Media reporting is an essential—albeit untapped—source of detection in corruption cases. This report documents and analyses material collected through country reviews undertaken by the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions and through responses to the OECD Survey on Investigative Journalism. It explores good practices and challenges in the detection of international corruption cases via media reporting and investigative journalism.
    DOI: 10.1787/7590ec9d-en
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  • 97
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    Concentration in seed markets : potential effects and policy responses (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310193 , 9789264308367 , 9789264310186
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Concentration in seed markets
    Keywords: Saatgut ; Unternehmenskonzentration ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Saatgutmarkt ; Unternehmenskonzentration
    Abstract: Recent mergers in the seed industry have led to concerns about market concentration and its potential effects on prices, product choice, and innovation. This study provides new and detailed empirical evidence on the degree of market concentration in seed and GM technology across a broad range of crops and countries, and analyses the causes and potential effects of concentration. It also explains how competition authorities have responded to mergers, and suggests policy options to help safeguard and stimulate competition and innovation in plant breeding by avoiding unnecessary regulatory barriers, by facilitating access to genetic resources and intellectual property, as well as by stimulating public and private R&D. As this study shows, policy makers have several levers besides competition policy to ensure an innovative and competitive seed industry.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 211-232
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264308367-en
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  • 98
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    Food Security and Nutrition : Challenges for Agriculture and the Hidden Potential of Soil (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264183780
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: This report, prepared by FAO and the OECD with inputs from IFPRI, IFAD, the World Bank and WTO, has been submitted to the G20 Presidency of the Argentine Republic in response to the Presidency’s request for information on future trends and challenges faced by global agriculture, with a special focus on the role of soils in promoting food security and the measures that could be undertaken to facilitate sustainable soil management.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264183780-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/food-security-and-nutrition_9789264183780-en
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  • 99
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    The Economic Effects of Public Stockholding Policies for Rice in Asia (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307742 , 9789264307759 , 9789264305366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic effects of public stockholding policies for rice in Asia
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Reis ; Reispolitik ; Agrarproduktion ; Asien ; Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Trade ; Asien ; Agrarproduktion ; Lebensmittelversorgung ; Reis
    Abstract: This report examines how public stockholding policies related to rice in Asia can influence domestic and international markets. Following a review of the working of rice public stockholding programmes in eight Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and Thailand), the report examines the impacts of these programmes over the medium term (2018-2030) and analyses how these impacts would change should the selected countries collectively set their public stocks to either a low or high level. Results show that the strongest impacts would occur during the three-year transition period when countries adjust their public stocks to the new levels, but that there would also be structural impacts over the medium term, although at a lower intensity, on procurement, domestic and international prices, availability, private stock levels, and public expenditure. In the event of a global production shock, the model projects that the immediate impact on prices and availability would be less severe under the high public stock scenario, but that recovery would be faster and public expenditure lower when countries hold smaller public stocks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305366-en
    URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/the-economic-effects-of-public-stockholding-policies-for-rice-in-asia_9789264305366-en
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  • 100
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    Reshaping Decentralised Development Co-operation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302914
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reshaping decentralised development co-operation
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Dezentralisierung ; Geberländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Over the last decades, and in line with the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, cities and regions have played an important part in helping to implement global agendas at local level through their Decentralised Development Cooperation (DDC) activities. This report analyses the evolution of financial flows, emerging trends and innovative paradigms related to the development co-operation of local and regional governments, including but not limited to official development assistance extended by sub-national governments. It promotes a territorial approach to development co-operation and provides policy recommendations to maximise the effectiveness, benefits and outcomes of DDC at all levels, while acknowledging the diversity of approaches, definitions and concepts across OECD DAC countries active in DDC.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302914-en
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264302914-en
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