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  • 2010-2014  (276)
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1975-1979
  • 2012  (276)
  • Paris : OECD  (276)
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Language
Years
Year
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Ageing and employment policies
    Former Title: 2.2003 Hauptsacht. franz.. - 2.2003 Parallelsacht. engl.
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. International migration outlook ...
    Parallel Title: Dt. Ausg. Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Former Title: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Former Title: annual report ...
    Former Title: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , ISSN 1999-124X , ISSN 1999-124X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Former Title: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Former Title: annual report ...
    Former Title: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Former Title: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Former Title: annual report ...
    Former Title: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; Ed. 30.2006 -
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1999-124X , 1999-124X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Ed. 30.2006 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International migration outlook ...
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internationaler Migrationsausblick
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Perspectives des migrations internationales
    Former Title: Vorg. Trends in international migration
    Former Title: annual report ...
    Former Title: SOPEMI
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Migration ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Emigration and immigration Statistics ; Periodicals ; Alien labor Statistics ; Periodicals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Demography ; Economics ; Annual Reports ; Internationale Migration ; Internationale Prozesse und Tendenzen Internationale Migration ; Einwanderung/Einwanderer ; Auswanderung/Auswanderer ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Länderbericht ; OECD countries Statistics Emigration and immigration ; Periodicals ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Bericht ; Internationale Migration ; Trend
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD documents
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Physics of plutonium recycling
    Note: Name des Urhebers später: Working Party on the Physics of Plutonium Fuels and Innovative Fuel Cycles
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Enterprise policy performance assessment
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Fighting corruption in transition economies
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  • 9
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. PISA 2006, science competencies for tomorrow's world
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 10
    Language: English , French , Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. International standardisation of fruit and vegetables
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Études de l'OCDE sur l'administration électronique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. OECD e-government studies
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 2005(2006) - 2007(2008); 2009-2019
    ISSN: 2074-773X , 2074-7721 , 2074-7721
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2005(2006) - 2007(2008); 2009-2019
    Additional Information: 2005=7,1; 2006=8,1; 2007=9,1; 2009=10,1 von OECD. Development Assistance Committee OECD journal on development Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006 1816-8124
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Development co-operation report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Franz. Ausg. ---〉 Coopération pour le développement
    Former Title: Vorg. Development co-operation
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; OECD-Staaten ; Internationale Organisation ; Politisches Ziel ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; OECD Development Assistance Committee Ziele und Programme internationalen Akteurs ; Auslandshilfepolitik einzelner Staaten ; Internationale Wirtschaftszusammenarbeit ; Auslands- und Entwicklungshilfe ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; OECD
    Note: 2020 fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Bis 2007 Berichtsjahr als Zählung, ab 2009 das jeweils aktuelle Jahr; 2011 als 50. anniversary ed. bez.
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    ISSN: 1995-3879 , 1814-7364 , 1814-7364
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Series Statement: OECD publishing
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Die OECD in Zahlen und Fakten
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: OECD ; Statistische Grunddaten ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Umweltstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Bevölkerung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12(2012); 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/16(2016); damit Ersch. eingest.
    ISSN: 1995-3879 , 2307-3764
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12(2012); 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/16(2016); damit Ersch. eingest.
    Series Statement: OECD publishing
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. OECD OECD factbook
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Die OECD in Zahlen und Fakten
    DDC: 337.1021
    RVK:
    Keywords: OECD ; Statistische Grunddaten ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Umweltstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Bevölkerung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    Language: German
    Pages: 27 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe International migration outlook ...
    Former Title: Jahresbericht
    DDC: 304.8205
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: 2008 - 2013 und 2015 - 2017 nicht erschienen
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    ISSN: ISSN 1995-3968
    Language: German
    Pages: 27 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. International migration outlook ...
    Former Title: Jahresbericht
    DDC: 304.8205
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: 2008 - 2013 und 2015 - 2017 nicht erschienen
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    ISSN: 1995-3968 , 1995-3968
    Language: German
    Pages: 27 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. International migration outlook ...
    Former Title: Jahresbericht
    DDC: 304.8205
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: 2008 - 2013 und 2015 - 2017 nicht erschienen
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    ISSN: 1995-3968
    Language: German
    Pages: 27 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. International migration outlook ...
    Former Title: Jahresbericht
    DDC: 304.8205
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: 2008 - 2013 und 2015 - 2017 nicht erschienen
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    ISSN: 1995-3968
    Language: German
    Pages: 27 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2006 - 2007[?]; 2014 nachgewiesen
    Parallel Title: Engl. Ausg. International migration outlook ...
    Former Title: Jahresbericht
    DDC: 304.8205
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: 2008 - 2013 und 2015 - 2017 nicht erschienen
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264115668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (155 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: OECD innovation strategy
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: Technological innovations Government policy ; Business enterprises Technological innovations ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This study is concerned with trends in and key features of policies and programmes used by governments to support innovation in the business sector. In addition to identifying good practices across a range of programme types, it compares business innovation policies across several countries, with a particular focus on Canada"--P. 4 of cover
    Note: "This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD"--T.p. verso. - "Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found online at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda"--T.p. verso. - "This publication was written by Alistair Nolan"--P. 3. - OECD code: 92 2011 08 1 P. - Includes bibliographical references. - Electronic reproduction; Palo Alto, Calif; ebrary; 2012; Available via World Wide Web; Access may be limited to ebrary affiliated libraries. - Text in English; includes executive summary, also in English, at beginning of book
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 114 S., 0,98 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/01
    Series Statement: Green growth strategy
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Klimawandel ; Extremadura ; London ; Pommern ; Sydney ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 69 S., 2,79 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/09
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/09
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: To be successful in today’s knowledge economy, communities need to boost not only the skills of local people but also the utilisation and deployment of these skills by employers. By ensuring that skills are utilised effectively, local economies can become more competitive and host better quality and better paid jobs, while simultaneously improving living standards and stimulating innovation. The OECD LEED Skills for Competitiveness project has reviewed the tools and governance mechanisms which policy makers are putting in place to tackle this policy area in three LEED member countries, Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy, with information on a wider set of policies and measurement tools being collected through an international literature review. Data has also been analysed on the supply and demand for skills at the sub-regional level (OECD territorial level 3) in each country.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 25 S., 0.55 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working paper 42
    Keywords: 1970 - 2009 ; Klimapolitik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Technologiepolitik ; Internationales Abkommen ; OECD-Staaten ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264174917
    Language: English
    Pages: 102 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public and private schools
    DDC: 379.26
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Privatschule ; Öffentliche Schule ; Soziale Schichtung ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Schulverwaltung ; PISA-Studie
    Abstract: In most PISA-participating countries and economies, the average socio-economic background of students who attend privately managed schools is more advantaged than that of those who attend public schools. Yet in some countries, there is little difference in the socio-economic profiles between public and private schools. Why? An analysis of PISA results finds that while the prevalence of privately managed schools in a country is not related to socio-economic stratification within a school system, the level of public funding to privately managed schools is: the higher the proportion of public funding allocated to privately managed schools, the smaller the socio-economic divide between publicly and privately managed schools. This report also shows that those countries with narrow socio-economic stratification in their education systems not only maximise equity and social cohesion, but also perform well in the PISA survey.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264040182
    Language: English
    Pages: 385 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The PISA 2009 Technical Report describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2009 survey. It examines additional features related to the implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to understand and replicate its analyses. The reader will find a wealth of information on the test and sample design, methodologies used to analyse the data, technical features of the project and quality control mechanisms.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264176621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (111 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Quality matters in early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Education ; Japan
    Abstract: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) can bring a wide range of benefits – for children, parents and society at large. However, these benefits are conditional on “quality”. Expanding access to services without attention to quality will not deliver good outcomes for children or long-term productivity benefits for society. This series of country reports focuses on quality issues. Each report tackles a specific theme that was selected by the country reviewed. These reports suggest strengths and point to areas for further reflection on current policy initiatives.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264173569
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (113 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Quality matters in early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: This report reviews quality in childhood education and care in Finland. It suggest strengths and point to areas for further reflection on current policy initiatives.
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 28 S., 0,63 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on sovereign borrowing and public debt management 3
    Keywords: Schuldenmanagement ; Geldpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 16 S., 0.30 MB)
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 194
    Keywords: Internet ; Soziale Folgen ; Technikfolgenabschätzung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper reviews a number of the challenges and opportunities confronting analysts interested in measuring the Internet and its economic and social impacts. It identifies several additional challenges to the measurement issue, in addition to all of the normal problems one expects when measuring information and communication technologies (ICTs). These challenges are related to: the rapidly changing nature of the Internet, the need for more granular data in order to understand the complex nature of the Internet, and the phenomenon of big data and the resulting ability to measure almost anything.
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 59 S., 1.70 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 198
    Keywords: Technischer Fortschritt ; Qualifikation ; IT-Berufe ; Informationsverhalten ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the Internet are increasingly viewed as a vital infrastructure for all sectors of the economy. Already, employment in the ICT industry and employment of ICT specialist skills each accounts for up to 5% of total employment in OECD countries and ICT intensive-users account for more than 20% of all workers. In addition, the emerging "green" economy is a "smarter" economy that has increased demand for ICT-skilled jobs not only in the ICT sector, but more rapidly across the wider non-ICT economy. The further creation of new jobs can only occur, however, if the right mix of skills and competences are available in the labour market. Shortages of required ICT-related skills have been observed in some OECD countries, and this is particularly true for skills related to green ICTs.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 71 S., 2,30 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/05
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/05
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Regionalpolitik ; Großbritannien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: To be successful in today’s knowledge economy, communities need to boost not only the skills of local people but also the utilisation and deployment of these skills by employers. By ensuring that skills are utilised effectively, local economies can become more competitive and host better quality and better paid jobs, while simultaneously improving living standards and stimulating innovation. The OECD LEED Skills for Competitiveness project has reviewed the tools and governance mechanisms which policy makers are putting in place to tackle this policy area in three LEED member countries, Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy, with information on a wider set of policies and measurement tools being collected through an international literature review. This country report for the United Kingdom sets out data findings on the supply and demand for skills at sub-regional level (OECD territorial level 3) before exploring local policy responses in Blackpool, Manchester and Rhyl. The report concludes with potential policy levers for further driving sectoral and local skills development in the future.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 36 S., 0.74 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 193
    Keywords: Telekommunikationspreis ; Wechselverhalten ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Wholesale interconnection rates for mobile telephony service in the OECD area have decreased by 53% from 2006 to 2011. The charges, or mobile termination rates (MTRs), represent the fees that telecommunication network operators (fixed, mobile and VoIP) pay for delivering telephone calls to mobile wireless providers. Lower rates enable competition in the telecommunications market, encourage greater usage of mobile services through flexible unlimited call plans, and increase overall consumer welfare. Furthermore, it is only in countries where rates are lowest or even at zero that new innovative VoIP services like Google Voice are able to flourish. This report is timely because many regulatory bodies, including in the United States and the European Commission, are debating whether to phase out MTRs altogether.
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 22 S., 1.10 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 197
    Keywords: Breitbandkommunikation ; Internet ; Nationaleinkommen ; Konsumentenrente ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the economic value created by broadband Internet using measures of new gross domestic product and consumer surplus. The study finds that the economic value created in 30 OECD countries correlates roughly with the overall size of their broadband economies. In addition, price and quality data from the United States suggest that widespread adoption of broadband Internet has occurred without a dramatic decline in prices, which reflects an unobserved increase in broadband quality that conventional government statistics do not capture.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 80 S., 3,54 MB) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/04
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/04
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Regionalpolitik ; Italien ; Kampanien ; Venetien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: To be successful in today’s knowledge economy, communities need to boost not only the skills of local people but also the utilisation and deployment of these skills by employers. By ensuring that skills are utilised effectively, local economies can become more competitive and host better quality and better paid jobs, while simultaneously improving living standards and stimulating innovation. The OECD LEED Skills for Competitiveness project has reviewed the tools and governance mechanisms which policy makers are putting in place to tackle this policy area in three LEED member countries, Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy, with information on a wider set of policies and measurement tools being collected through an international literature review. This country report for Italy sets out data findings on the supply and demand for skills at sub-regional level (OECD territorial level 3) before exploring policy responses in Campania and Veneto, and local case studies from the Riviera del Brenta industrial district and Treviso in Veneto. The report concludes with potential policy levers for further driving sectoral and local skills development in the future.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 44 S., 0.58 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 192
    Keywords: Telekommunikationsnetz ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 34 S., 0.51 MB)
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 196
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Informationstechnik ; Lebensstandard ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Advances in information technology (IT) in the first decade of the 21st century have highlighted the role of IT as an enabling technology throughout an economy. But although the influence of IT in transforming the way in which business and consumer transactions are done is clear to all participants in the production-consumption process, it is difficult to attribute a specific value to and precisely measure the importance of the role of IT in improving consumer welfare.The measurement of the economic value of public infrastructure has traditionally been problematic because of its ‘public good’ nature, which means that many users can benefit from use of public infrastructure at the very same time. This is especially true of ‘New Economy’ infrastructure such as IT, which links so naturally with developments in telecommunications so that the existence of many users, far from creating congestion in use, actually enhances the value of the infrastructure through network effects. In response to the measurement problem, the approach of the current paper is to utilise an economic model that looks at the end result – observations on changes in the pattern of consumer spending behaviour – and econometrically estimates the extent of the link between these behavioural changes and their drivers: traditional economic stimuli as well as changes in the economic environment due to advances in technology and improved provision of public sector IT infrastructure. Counterfactual simulations with the estimated model provide money-metric measures of the welfare benefits of innovations in Internet-based public sector IT infrastructure in a variety of OECD economies.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 29 S., 0.53 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 200
    Keywords: Internet ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper informs policymakers about ways the Internet impacts the economies, and about the levels and areas of impact. It is designed to structure and to assess the economic impacts areas of the Internet at the individual- firm-, and government-levels, as well as at the aggregate, macroeconomic level.
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 39 S., 1.89 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working paper 44
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.44
    Keywords: Umweltbewertung ; Zufriedenheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Environmental conditions are likely to have an effect on people’s sense of life satisfaction, both directly and indirectly. In recent years there has been a burgeoning literature assessing the relationship between measures of environmental quality and subjective well-being. This type of studies can be a useful input into the setting of policy priorities. In this paper, the effects of individual and contextual factors on satisfaction with environmental quality and life satisfaction are assessed, using micro-data from a broad cross-section of OECD and non-OECD countries collected in the framework of the Gallup World Poll. In the analysis it is found that actual and perceived environmental quality has a significant effect on life satisfaction, with the magnitude being approximately half that of self-reported health status.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 149 S., 3,06 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/04
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Armutsbekämpfung ; Lateinamerikaner ; Karibischer Raum ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The water debate in relation to poverty alleviation has one dimension that is often sidelined: its relationship with public governance. This report attempts to shed some light on the governance of water policy in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. It argues that public governance of water in most LAC countries is fragmented, as it is in the OECD area as well, and that greater efforts to co-ordinate water with other policy areas are crucial to maximise the impact on poverty reduction. It emphasises the need to design water policies in a more integrated manner and implement effective water governance tools and mechanisms that are context-specific, flexible and beneficial to the poor.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 84 S., 2,61 MB) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/03
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/03
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Regionalpolitik ; Kanada ; Ontario (Provinz) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: To be successful in today’s knowledge economy, communities need to boost not only the skills of local people but also the utilisation and deployment of these skills by employers. By ensuring that skills are utilised effectively, local economies can become more competitive and host better quality and better paid jobs, while simultaneously improving living standards and stimulating innovation. The OECD LEED Skills for Competitiveness project has reviewed the tools and governance mechanisms which policy makers are putting in place to tackle this policy area in three LEED member countries, Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy, with information on a wider set of policies and measurement tools being collected through an international literature review. This country report for Canada sets out data findings on the supply and demand for skills at the level of Employment Insurance (EI) regions before exploring local policy responses in the Niagara and Kitchener-Waterloo-Cambridge-Guelph regions in Ontario. The report concludes with policy considerations for federal, provincial, and local levels of government in Canada.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 41 S., 0,99 MB)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/10
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/10
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Dezentralisierung ; Kanada ; Belgien ; Niederlande ; Dänemark ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Canada ; Denmark ; Netherlands ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Accountability in Decentralised Employment Service Regimes report, prepared by independent expert Hugh Mosely, compares and contrasts four OECD countries with decentralised delivery systems for managing active labour market policy (Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands and Denmark). This report contextualises the findings of the OECD LEED "Managing Accountability and Flexibility" study in current academic discussions relating to new performance management and accountability.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264116795
    Language: English
    Pages: 152 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Education ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: This book provides, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the educational evaluation and assessment framework, current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches in Luxembourg.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264172630
    Language: English
    Pages: 237 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: This book provides, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the educational evaluation and assessment framework, current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches in Mexico.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264187504
    Language: English
    Pages: 138 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Grade expectations
    DDC: 378.198
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Studium ; Studierende ; Bildungspolitik ; Bildungsverhalten ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Student ; Leistungsbeurteilung ; Lernmotivation
    Abstract: While enrolment in tertiary education has increased dramatically over the past decades, many university-aged students do not enrol, nor do they expect to earn a university degree. While it is important to promote high expectations for further education, it is equally important to ensure that students’ expectations are well-aligned with their actual abilities. Grade Expectations: How Marks and Education Policies Shape Students' Ambitions reveals some of the factors that influence students’ thinking about further education. The report also suggests what teachers and education policy makers can do to ensure that more students have the skills, as well as the motivation, to succeed in higher education. In 2009, students in 21 PISA-participating countries and economies were asked about their expected educational attainment. An analysis of PISA data finds that students who expect to earn a university degree show significantly better performance in math and reading when compared to students who do not expect to earn such a university degree. However, performance is only one of the factors that determine expectations. On average across most countries and economies, girls and socio-economically advantaged students tend to hold more ambitious expectations than boys and disadvantaged students who perform just as well; and students with higher school marks are more likely to expect to earn a university degree – regardless of what those marks really measure.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264172043
    Language: English
    Pages: 118 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Apprendre au-delà de l'âge de quinze ans ; Une décennie après l'enquête PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report focuses on the development of reading proficiency during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. The span of time between the ages of 15 and 24 is a critical period of development for young people. Once compulsory education is completed, individual decisions about post-secondary education, employment and other life choices have to be made with major consequences for future learning and employment outcomes. A good foundation in reading proficiency facilitates success in specialised education during higher education or during job-related training. Since reading proficiency is not the goal of such specialised or professional learning, reading skills may begin to atrophy. So both learning gains and losses need to be considered as human capital is developed. Canada’s investments in PISA, as well as in longitudinal data and reassessment of reading proficiency, provides insights into the importance of individual reading proficiency and later outcomes, such as educational attainment, further learning, employment and earnings. Therefore, this report makes a vital contribution to the understanding of learning gains between the ages of 15 and 24 and their impact on such outcomes, and provides a basis for evidence-based policy and strategic investments by the community of countries participating in PISA
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264123281
    Language: English
    Pages: 169 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Fortunately, teaching practices help shape the learning experiences and increase motivation and achievement for students. In addition, it has been revealed that when teachers collaborate well together they also tend to work better with students. This new informative publication clearly identifies and arranges profiles in relation to two connected areas of professional teacher practices: classroom teaching practices and participation in professional learning communities. This practical book enables a more comprehensive understanding of teaching practice and participation in professional learning communities nationally and internationally. It provides policy makers and other key stakeholders with the relevant information they need for educational system monitoring.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264120945
    Language: English
    Pages: 112 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This publication provides a comprehensive analysis of the most important issues facing teachers during the early stages of their careers. The effectiveness of teachers fresh to the profession is an important policy issue, especially knowing the impact that teachers have on student learning. The OECD’s Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) is the first and only international survey on the conditions of teaching and learning. This report uses the TALIS 2008 dataset to analyse key aspects of new teachers’ work and highlight policy implications.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 48 S., 1,71 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/06
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the Port of Hamburg, as well as an analysis of the port?s impact on its territory and an assessment of relevant policies and governance. It examines port performance in the last decade and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. In addition, the report studies the potential for synergies between the Hamburg and Bremerhaven ports. The study also considers the effect of these ports on economic and environmental questions. The value added of the port cluster of Hamburg is calculated, and its linkages with other economic sectors and regions in Germany are delineated. Specifically, the paper outlines the impact of the port?s operations, and shows how its activities spill over into other regions. The report also assesses major policies governing the port, as well as transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These policies include measures instituted by the port authority and local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report?s findings, proposed recommendations aim to improve port performance and increase the positive effects of the port on its territory.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 125 S., 2,25 MB) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/11
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/11
    Keywords: KMU ; Innovation ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Entrepreneurship ; Unternehmensgründung ; Regionales Cluster ; Israel ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Israel ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report summarises the findings of a case study project on growing clean-tech cluster activity in the Negev region of Israel as part of a series of reviews on Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development carried out by the Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The review examines entrepreneurship, SMEs and local development in the Negev in the south of Israel, where there is strong potential for the growth of significant clean-tech industry cluster activity, involving a critical mass of firms, human capital, research organisations, support infrastructure and associated formal and informal linkages. This report looks at the ways in which such capacity can be strengthened by public policies, including investment in centres of research excellence and specialised testing facilities, creation of spaces for innovation exchange, and the introduction of a green strategy and eco-city approach. The analysis provides guidance and policy recommendations on how best to support the emergence and expansion of clean-tech cluster activity that will enhance economic development capacity in the region while contributing to national green growth objectives.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264075221
    Language: English
    Pages: 170 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Pedró, Francesc Connected minds
    DDC: 371.33
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wissensgesellschaft ; Lernen ; Digitale Medien ; Internetnutzung ; Computer-assisted instruction ; Education Effect of technological innovations on ; Educational technology ; Internet and youth ; Internet in education ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Electronic books ; Neue Medien ; Schüler ; Lernen
    Abstract: Foreword; Table of contents; Executive summary; Introduction - Why connectedness matters; It's not about technology, it's about connectedness; Reasons for increased policy relevance; How this report is organised; Note; References; How connectedness is shaping the economy and society; Overall economic impact on growth and productivity; Implications for employment and skills; The social uses of technology; Beyond access: new digital divides; Notes; References; How relevant connectedness is for young people; Most young people in OECD countries are fully connected
    Abstract: The intensity and variety of uses of technology and connectednessYet not all young people are equally connected; Notes; References; Contrasting views about the digital generation; Alternative views: evangelists, catastrophists and sceptics; Is there room for yet another approach?; Notes; References; What are the effects of attachment to digital media and connectivity?; A research challenge; Cognitive skills development; Limits of available evidence; Social values and attitudes; Overall conclusion; Notes; References; Are learners' expectations changing?; A rationale for evolving expectations
    Abstract: Teachers' estimates of students' expectationsAre students more reluctant than expected to adopt technology in teaching?; What works for students then?; Notes; References; Emerging issues for education; Mapping out the issues; Entertainment; Information overload?; Knowledge and learning; Socialisation using digital tools; Psychological issues: new problems or new opportunities?; Notes; References; Key findings; References; Implications for educational policy, research and practice; The agenda for the public debate; Implications for policy makers
    Abstract: Implications for educational institutions and teachersImplications for parents; Implications for research; Concluding remarks
    Abstract: In all OECD countries, digital media and connectedness are integral to the lives of today's learners. It is often claimed that these learners are ""new millennium learners"", or ""digital natives"", who have different expectations about education. This book contributes to the debate about the effects of technology attachment and connectedness on today's learners, and their expectations about teaching. The book sets out to answer the following questions: Can the claim that today's students are ""new millenium learners"" or ""digital natives be sustained empirically? Is there consistent research
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264117013
    Language: English
    Pages: 177 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: This book provides, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the educational evaluation and assessment framework, current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches in Portugal.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264172296
    Language: English
    Pages: 202 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report reviews recent trends in international migration, describing the size of current foreign-born populations across countries and analysing factors associated to the size and nature of these populations, reviews a set of important differences and similarities across educational systems and gives a brief description of population sizes across countries. It also provides an overview of the evidence emerging from PISA 2009 on the performance and socio-economic background of children of immigrants. Who are the children of immigrants? What do they know and what can they do? How do they differ from other students? Do they approach school and learning in a different way? It examines more closely the issue of assessment language proficiency among immigrant students and its possible impact on cognitive outcomes in PISA. It explores the effect of age at arrival on the performance of immigrant students in the PISA tests of literacy.Selective migration policies of certain countries and the attractiveness of these countries generally to highly educated migrants is also explored. It also discusses the future educational and professional career of the children of immigrant related to their performance in PISA. Does the skill and knowledge disadvantage at age 15 translate into a disadvantage in later educational outcomes? For example, are those children of immigrants less likely to access a post-secondary educational institution?
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264176690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Quality matters in early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) can bring a wide range of benefits – for children, parents and society at large. However, these benefits are conditional on “quality”. Expanding access to services without attention to quality will not deliver good outcomes for children or long-term productivity benefits for society. This series of country reports focuses on quality issues. Each report tackles a specific theme that was selected by the country reviewed. These reports suggest strengths and point to areas for further reflection on current policy initiatives.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264176720
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Quality matters in early childhood education and care
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) can bring a wide range of benefits – for children, parents and society at large. However, these benefits are conditional on “quality”. Expanding access to services without attention to quality will not deliver good outcomes for children or long-term productivity benefits for society. This series of country reports focuses on quality issues. Each report tackles a specific theme that was selected by the country reviewed. These reports suggest strengths and point to areas for further reflection on current policy initiatives.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264177000
    Language: English
    Pages: 179 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Reviews of national policies for education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluaciones de Políticas Nacionales de Educación; La Educación Superior en la República Dominicana 2012
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Higher education in the Dominican Republic 2012
    Keywords: Studium ; Hochschulpolitik ; Dominikanische Republik ; Education ; Dominican Republic ; Dominikanische Republik ; Hochschulpolitik ; Studium
    Abstract: Following the 2008 OECD review of education policies in the Dominican Republic, the examining team was tasked to assess the condition of higher education in the Dominican Republic, to evaluate policies for higher education and research, and to identify future policy options to help meet the nation’s needs. Against the background report prepared by the Dominican authorities and information supplied in meetings in the course of site visits, this OECD report provides an analysis of the higher education sector within the economic, social and political context of the Dominican Republic. It looks into access, quality and relevance, the effectiveness and governance of the system, its financing as well as its research and innovation capacity. The report concludes with a list of pragmatic recommendations for policy action.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264175884
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Strong performers and successful reformers in education
    Keywords: Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Finland ; Germany ; Japan ; Poland ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United States ; Education ; Australia
    Abstract: This case study describes the policy-making process in Australia leading to the public release of information on every school in Australia through the My School website. Policy lessons are described to provide insight for OECD member countries which may be grappling with similar issues in developing school accountability systems, particularly those working within federal-state contexts. While some of the lessons from this policy development and implementation process relate specifically to Australia’s circumstances, there are general policy prescriptions of broader interest to other countries seeking to improve school education through measurement and reporting of key factors of school operations and performance.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264118515
    Language: English
    Pages: 207 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Strong performers and successful reformers in education
    Keywords: Education ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Finland ; Germany ; Japan ; Poland ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United States
    Abstract: For decades Japan has remained at or near the top of international assessments of student learning; and in the past decade, students in Japan have become more engaged in learning. However, the government aspires to improve learning outcomes even further. Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for Japan focuses on how Japan is reforming its education system not only to produce better learning outcomes, but to equip students with the skills they need to navigate through the unpredictable labour market of the future and to participate in society as active citizens. This is the second in a series of reports examining how education systems are handling the challenge of preparing their students for a world of interconnected populations, rapid technological change, and instantaneous availability of vast amounts of information. Like the first volume, Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for the United States, this report presents examples from other countries with consistently high-performing education systems or countries that, by redesigning policies and practices, have been able to improve their education outcomes, as measured by the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the world’s most comprehensive and rigorous survey of students’ skills and attitudes towards learning.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 43 S., 2.10 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 190
    Keywords: Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Stromnetz ; Computernetz ; Messtechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 27 S., 0.39 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 195
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Übersichtsarbeit
    Abstract: This paper presents a review of existing studies on dynamic, macroeconomic effects of the ICT on productivity and growth.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 24 S., 0.38 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 199
    Keywords: Internet ; IT-Recht ; Roboter ; Telekommunikationssektor ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Botnets are networks of compromised computers that are remotely controlled by malicious agents. They represent a threat to security and trust in online environments. Internet Service Providers (ISPs), by virtue of their ownership of the physical networks and consumer-facing position, are well placed to respond proactively to botnets. This report analyses initiatives in a number of countries through which end-users are notified by ISPs when their computer is identified as being compromised by malicious software and encouraged to take action to mitigate the problem. It reviews the core dimensions of these initiatives and provides high-level guidance for future policy development.
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 39 S., 0.94 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy papers 2
    Keywords: Kapitalmobilität ; Finanzkrise ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The structure of a country’s external liabilities, as well as the extent and nature of its international financial integration are key determinants of its vulnerability to financial crises. This is confirmed by new empirical analysis covering OECD and emerging economies over the past four decades. For example, a bias in gross external liabilities towards debt has raised crisis risk. The same holds for "currency mismatch" which refers to a situation where a country's foreign-currency denominated liabilities are large compared to its foreign-currency denominated assets. In addition, international banking integration has been a major vector of contagion, and even more so when cross-border bank lending was primarily short-term. Vulnerability to contagion has been lower when global liquidity has been abundant, underlining the importance of major central banks ensuring ample international liquidity at times of financial turmoil. Structural policies can increase financial stability, typically through their effects on the composition of the external financial account or on the vulnerability to contagion-induced financial shocks. Lower barriers on foreign direct investment and lower product market regulations have increased financial stability by shifting external liabilities from debt towards FDI. In contrast, tax systems that favour debt finance over equity finance have undermined stability by increasing the share of debt, including external debt, in corporate financing. Targeted capital controls on inflows from credit operations have reduced the impact of financial contagion, not least by shifting the structure of external liabilities. Stricter information disclosure rules or capital requirements, and strong supervisory authorities have also reduced countries' financial crisis risk.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 73 S., 1.64 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working papers on international investment 2012/01
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2012/01
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: corporate governance ; greenhouse gas emissions ; reporting ; climate change ; emissions trading ; responsible business conduct ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of current government schemes promoting corporate reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and analyses their main building blocks. It describes the drivers and challenges for governments, companies and investors in dealing with GHG reporting and includes 4 case studies examining in more depth the domestic GHG emission reporting schemes of the UK, France, Japan and Australia. This work is part of a project with UNCTAD, the Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) on consistency of climate change reporting.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 31 S., 5.95 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy papers 1
    Keywords: Haushaltskonsolidierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The economic and financial crisis was the catalyst for a fiscal crisis that engulfs many OECD countries. Consolidating public finances in order to address the consequences of the crisis, underlying weaknesses and also future spending pressures creates important challenges. Fiscal consolidation requires choices to be made about how much consolidation is needed, how fast it should be implemented and which instruments should be used. Estimates of fiscal gaps suggest that substantial and sustained fiscal tightening will be needed in nearly all countries to bring debt down to prudent levels. However, given a weak global economy, implementing a large fiscal tightening could be particularly costly. Structuring consolidation packages to use instruments with low multipliers initially and enhancing the institutional framework for fiscal policy to lend greater credibility to the commitment to consolidate over time may help minimise the trade-offs with growth in the short run. In most countries there is scope to target spending programmes more effectively and eliminate distortions in taxation. Such measures, buttressed by structural reforms, such as to unsustainable pension systems, can underpin fiscal sustainability, while minimising the costs to long-run growth.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 26 S., 0,50 MB)
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on sovereign borrowing and public debt management 4
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 27 S., 0,82 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/05
    Keywords: Ballungsraum ; Geoinformationssystem ; Umwelt-Informationssystem ; Regionalentwicklung ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents recent work undertaken at the OECD to produce environmental indicators at the regional level from geographic data sources. New indicators have been tested and produced in five different domains: a) land cover, b) forest ecosystems, c) urban density, d) CO2 emissions, e) air quality. The indicators measure the environmental performance of administrative regions (OECD TL2 and TL3 regions) and of OECD metropolitan areas. High-quality geographic datasets have been combined and harmonized with the objectives of producing internationally comparable results, and of achieving the largest possible coverage of OECD and non-OECD countries. The results show that geographic information data are a key and underexploited resource for monitoring the state of local environmental assets. There are still methodological and measurement challenges in the use of geographic data for the analysis of environmental changes at the local level. More coordination across national and international programs producing geographic data is needed to further increase their policy relevance.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264123243
    Language: English
    Pages: 469 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Languages in a global world
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Fremdsprachenlernen ; Soziolinguistik
    Abstract: The rise of globalisation makes language competencies more valuable, both at individual and societal levels. This book examines the links between globalisation and the way we teach and learn languages. It begins by asking why some individuals are more successful than others at learning non-native languages, and why some education systems, or countries, are more successful than others at teaching languages. The book comprises chapters by different authors on the subject of language learning. There are chapters on the role of motivation; the way that languages, cultures and identities are interconnected; the insights that neuroscience provides; migrants, their education and opportunities to learn languages; language learning and teaching in North America; and new approaches to language learning.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264097551
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (183 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Higher education in regional and city development
    Keywords: Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Rapid growth of tertiary education is partly due to the expansion of post-secondary vocational education and training (PSV). A well developed post-secondary PSV system and links between universities and VET institutions improve skills and employment opportunities. What is post-secondary PSV and how does it relate to other components of the education system? How do the labour market and globalisation trends impact post-secondary PSV? How do OECD countries address the issues of transition, pathways and collaboration in tertiary education? This report is part of the OECD work on Higher Education in Regional and City Development. In the course of the reviews of more than 30 cities and regions, this work identified VET-university linkages as one of the common issues that impact the engagement of tertiary education in socio-economic development across countries.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264174214
    Language: English
    Pages: 107 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International summit on the teaching profession
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This book uses PISA data to show that a substantial proportion of students in OECD countries now attend schools that have high degrees of autonomy in different areas of decision making. But effective school autonomy depends on effective leaders, including system leaders, principals, teacher leaders, senior teachers, and head teachers, as well as strong support systems. That, in turn, requires well-distributed leadership, new types of training and development for school leaders, and appropriate support and incentives.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries working papers 59
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.59
    Keywords: Weizenpreis ; Volatilität ; Rohstoffpreis ; Simulation ; Stochastischer Prozess ; Szenariotechnik ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study complements OECD analyses on commodity price volatility by providing quantitative assessments of the impact of two structural changes that a number of market observers have identified as contributing to world wheat market price volatility. The factors examined relate to changes in demand in the large emerging countries of the BRICs (comprising Brazil, the Russian Federation, India and China), as a result of continuing economic growth and development and the effect of a lower levels of global wheat stocks in recent years. A further scenario extends the analysis of the role of stocks in price volatility by examining some effects of a hypothetical international buffer stockholding scheme to stabilise international wheat prices. Each scenario was undertaken with the Aglink-Cosimo model and the stochastic baseline as reported in the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook, 2011-2020. The results suggest that both factors have contributed to the recorded volatility in world wheat markets in recent years. However the increase in market volatility arising from economic development and income growth is likely to occur gradually, while the moderating effect of larger stocks may only be fleeting. The stylised wheat buffer stock scheme with a price band may lead to slightly lower market volatility under highly specific conditions and constraining assumptions. These, however, have proven difficult to achieve and sustain in practice, as observed from past attempts to implement such schemes.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2012/4
    Keywords: Humankapital ; Messung ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper reviews some national initiatives related to measuring the stock of human capital, indentifies some challenges to be addressed to improve the quality of existing monetary measures of human capital, and suggests developing experimental satellite accounts for education to better understand how human capital is produced and the linkages between education and its non-monetary outcomes.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 133
    Keywords: 1970-2009 ; Lohnquote ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We examine the determinants of the within-industry decline of the labour share, using industry-level annual data for 25 OECD countries, 20 business-sector industries and covering up to 28 years. We find that total factor productivity growth – which captures (albeit imprecisely) capital-augmenting or labour-replacing technical change – and capital deepening jointly account for as much as 80% of the within-industry contraction of the labour share. We also find that other important factors are privatisation of state-owned enterprises and the increase in international competition as well as off-shoring of intermediate stages of the production process. By contrast, we are unable to detect any effect from increases in domestic competition brought about by entry deregulation.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 134
    Keywords: Arbeitnehmerschutz ; Finanzkrise ; Vergleich ; Welt ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates the role of policies and institutions for aggregate labour market dynamics during the global financial crisis using firm-level data. The use of firm-level data is important if firms are heterogeneous in their labour input adjustment technologies. In this case, cross-country differences in aggregate labour market dynamics may not just stem from cross-country differences in average labour input technologies - here assumed to be largely due to differences in institutional settings -, but also from differences in the distribution of shocks across firms within countries and the composition of firms across countries. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, the paper provides comparable estimates of the labour input adjustment behaviour of firms in response to output shocks across countries, industries and firm-size groups. Second, it makes use of decomposition methods to get a first indication of the importance of cross-country differences in adjustment technologies, the distribution of shocks across firms and the composition of firms across countries. We find that differences in the adjustment behaviour of firms account for about 40% of the cross-country variation in aggregate employment growth during the global financial crisis. We interpret this as prima facie evidence that differences in institutional settings accounted for a substantial part of the variation in aggregate employment growth during the crisis. Third, we find that employment-protection provisions with respect to regular workers reduce the output elasticity of employment, but increase the output elasticity of earnings per worker. Thus, employment protection tends to shift the burden of adjustment from the extensive to the intensive margin. However, the quantitative impact of employment protection for explaining the variation in aggregate labour dynamics during the global financial crisis is relatively small.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 138
    Keywords: 1960-2008 ; Gleichberechtigung ; Bildungschancen ; Bildungsabschluss ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses the extent to which the increase in women’s human capital, as measured by educational attainment, has contributed to economic growth in OECD countries over the past five decades. Using cross-country/time series data covering 30 countries from 1960 to 2008 on education (the Barro-Lee dataset) and growth (update of OECD data), our results point out a positive and significant impact of the increase in women’s educational attainment relative to men on output per capita growth – as measured by GDP per capita. This increase in female educational attainment implies that the comparative advantage of men relative to women regarding educational attainment has weakened over time, and has even reversed in many countries. We find that the increase in the years of education of the total population has a positive influence on output per capita growth (around 10% of GDP per capita increase per additional year of education on average), and that a more equal ratio of education by gender boosts economic growth. Our results are robust to the use of estimation procedures that do not impose homogeneity restrictions on the speed of adjustment and short-run parameters, to control for endogenetiy due to possible reverse causality and to several other robustness tests. Last, but not least, we look at the potential effect of increased female labour force participation on economic growth. The size of the effect is dependent on the rate at which male and female labour force participation will converge, with a potential gain of 12% to the size of the total economy by 2030, on average across OECD countries, if complete convergence occurs in the next 20 years.
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 142
    Keywords: Katastrophe ; Flüchtlinge ; Beschäftigungssicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Large-scale natural disasters can have long-lasting effects on the labour market in affected areas in addition to their humanitarian and economic cost. Mass evacuations and disruptions to housing, transport, social services and infrastructure can impede labour market participation. Firms may need to lay off workers, permanently or temporarily, as they deal with physical damage and loss of customers. Even if employment levels return to their pre-disaster levels, the mix of jobs and workers may have changed, so that skills shortages coexist with relatively high unemployment rates. Governments have an important role to play in helping prevent unnecessary job losses, providing income support and re-employment assistance to displaced workers while they find new jobs and creating the environment to encourage job creation as the recovery takes hold. This paper examines the labour market impact of recent natural disasters in six OECD countries, outlines labour market and income support policies implemented to help those affected and discusses the challenges of implementing such policies in the aftermath of a natural disaster.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 144
    Keywords: 2004-2010 ; Unterbeschäftigung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: There has been a strong interest in short-time work (STW) schemes during the global financial crisis. Using data for 23 OECD countries for the period 2004 Q1 to 2010 Q4, this paper analyses the quantitative effects of STW programmes on labour market outcomes by exploiting the country and time variation in STW take-up rates. The analysis takes account of differences in institutional settings across countries that might affect the relationship between labour market outcomes and output and also addresses the endogeneity of STW take-up with respect to labour market conditions. Moreover, special attention is given to the dynamic aspects of the relationship between output and labour market outcomes. The results indicate the STW raises hours flexibility by increasing the output elasticity of working time and helps to preserve jobs in the context of a recession by making employment and unemployment less elastic with respect to output. A key finding is that the timing of STW is crucial. While STW helped preserving a significant number of jobs during the crisis, its continued use during the recovery may have slowed the job-content of the recovery. By the end of 2010, the net effect of STW on employment was negligible or may even have become negative. However, the gross impact of STW on the number of jobs saved per quarter remains large and positive in the majority of countries.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2012/04
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the results of the data collection across 18 participating countries, demonstrating that it is possible to produce new policy relevant indicators on public funding of R&D in addition to those envisaged in the OECD Frascati Manual. The initial findings of the data collection highlight interesting differences across countries in terms of their approaches to funding R&D. But before conclusions can be drawn on the effectiveness of the different country funding profiles, further work is needed in order to increase the reliability and comparability of the different indicators.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2012/05
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Arbeitsnachfrage ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Humankapital ; Mikrodaten ; Humanressourcen ; USA ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work seeks to quantify investment in Organisational Capital (OC) by looking at the task content of occupations. It relies on the literature suggesting OC to be embodied in a firm’s workforce and defines OC as those tasks performed by employees – irrespective of their occupational titles – likely to affect a firm’s medium to long-term functioning. Using US Occupational Information Network (O*NET) data, it operationalises the task-based definition and identifies 84 occupations, including 22 managerial occupations, performing OC related tasks. Employment and earnings data from the US are used to calculate investment in OC at macro and 2-digit sectoral levels. Estimates suggest that previous measures seemingly underestimated investment in OC at the macro level, and that large sectoral differences exist. Manufacturing shows significant own-account investment in OC relative to the value added it generates. Services appear as larger purchasers of OC from external sources, relative to own-account investment. Building on the insights of the labour mobility literature about the disruptive effect of (voluntary) job separations, this work uses employee tenure and turnover data for the US to obtain sector specific depreciation rates. Estimates mainly range between 10% and 25% and suggest that OC depreciates more slowly than previously assumed.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 17
    Keywords: Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung ; Pensionskasse ; Corporate Governance ; Schweden ; Finance and Investment ; Sweden ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a review of the Swedish National Pension Funds based on international good practice and OECD guidelines. The paper focuses mainly on the general size and structure of the funds, the investment framework and the governance of the funds. The internal management of the funds appears to be strong, with governance and risk management structures in place that appear to broadly follow OECD guidelines. The report concludes that the AP funds could benefit from having one clear and specific long-term investment objective, set by an independent committee answerable to Parliament, for all the AP funds against which their long-term performance can objectively be measured. The mandate and role of the AP6 fund could also be clarified. The report recommends the implementation of the prudent person rule as restrictive investment regulations are leaving the AP funds with less room to adopt varying investment strategies, and thus takes away some of the potential benefits of competition and diversification from having four different funds. Finally the selection process for the Governing Boards of the funds could be made more transparent and rigorous.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 21
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Considering the growing role of private and funded pension provision and the sensitivity of private pension provision to the economic climate, there is an increasing need of comparable and reliable information on private pension plans in order to better monitor retirement income adequacy and the role of private provision in retirement income. Key indicators of the extent to which private pension provision contributes to the adequacy of pensions are the level of coverage that private pensions have across countries‘ workforce, contributions made into pension funds and personal retirement accounts, and benefits paid to retirees. This paper provides the assessment of data sets available to estimate pension coverage, contributions and benefits in private pensions and discusses ways to use available data sets in order to better inform policy discussions on the role of private pensions on retirement benefit adequacy. It covers all EU-27 Member States and selected non-EU countries.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 14
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Frauenpolitik ; Finanzwissen ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The potential implications of gender differences in financial literacy are far-reaching. This paper describes the findings of a review of the literature on gender differences in financial literacy with the aim to better understand their causes and consequences, as well as possible policy responses. It provides a starting point to collect further evidence, develop analytical work and case studies, and to identify areas that deserve further research, thus paving the way for future work to be developed by the OECD and the INFE.A relatively broad range of empirical literature documents the existence of gender differences in financial literacy in various countries and along several dimensions. On average, women perform worse than men on tests of financial knowledge and have less confidence in their financial skills. However, so far policy awareness of the existence and relevance of these differences is quite low. The literature (albeit so far limited) on what drives such gender differences points to several potentially complementary explanations including differences in skills, attitudes, and opportunities. In this context, the contribution of improved and targeted financial education programmes aimed at better addressing women’s needs is promising and worth exploring further.
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 19
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines and evaluates the content and design of the annual pension statement sent to members of funded defined contribution (DC) pension schemes in a selection of OECD and non-OECD countries. The aims of the research are to identify the potential shortcomings in statement planning and design processes, to consider potential barriers in communications to members, and to highlight trends and models of good practice in these critical areas. The overarching objective is to develop recommended guidelines for organisers, so that the statement can be developed as an effective (impact) and efficient (cost-benefit analysis, value for money) medium to deliver essential member information and to encourage appropriate member actions.
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 24
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; Definition ; Messung ; Portfolio-Management ; Institutioneller Investor ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This definitional, stocktaking paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the concepts and definitions related to “green” investments that are currently used in the market place. The purpose of this research is not to take a position on a specific definition but rather to explore what is being generally used, whether there are commonalties and inconsistencies, and what lessons can be drawn from this analysis. The paper examines how “green” investments are defined across different asset classes (equities, bonds and alternative investments), as well as providing some estimates of the size of these markets. The paper concludes that, given the lack of consensus on the usage and definition of the term “green”, the most productive approach could be to take an open and dynamic stance towards definitions and standards, with international institutions and governments adopting a “governance approach to green investment”.
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 27
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Kapitaldeckungsverfahren ; Russland ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Russian Federation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews the recent development of the funded pension system in the Russian Federation and considers it role in the context of the overall retirement income system. By describing current OECD practices and policy recommendations and comparing them with the current Russian pension system, the report aims to facilitate ongoing discussions between the OECD and the Russian Federation regarding the latter’s pension system. The report is based to a large extent on existing OECD published material, in particular the latest edition of OECD Pensions at a Glance (2011) and the OECD Pensions Outlook 2012. It also draws on the OECD review of labour and social policy published in December 2011.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 135
    Keywords: WTO-Verhandlungen ; Markteintritt ; Export ; Innovation ; Technologietransfer ; Wettbewerb ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy working papers 137
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.137
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Strukturwandel ; Australien ; Employment ; Trade ; Australia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: International trade produces income gains across the world by facilitating an efficient allocation of production among trading countries. However, increased trade exposure also creates some challenges, and there are adjustment costs associated with changing trade patterns. Effective complementary policies, by promoting flexibility and adaptation within economies, can reduce adjustment costs associated with increased trade, and therefore ensure the benefits are maximised. This paper highlights these issues with reference to recent experience in Australia. Computable General Equilibrium modelling shows how the recent improvement in Australia‘s terms of trade is likely to have increased incomes and that the magnitude of these gains is directly linked to the degree of flexibility of the economy.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 201
    Keywords: Internet ; Electronic Commerce ; Nachrichtentechnik ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Since the Seoul Declaration, access to broadband networks and the Internet have constantly increased. In terms of fixed broadband, penetration levels are close to maturity. In addition, further deployments of fibre networks have taken place; however, overall deployment of fibre is still at an early stage. On the mobile broadband side, 3G coverage is high and data traffic is expected to grow significantly. In terms of policies, national broadband plans have contributed to increasing access to the Internet. Some countries have furthermore invested public funds in the deployment of fibre networks.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 204
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Elektronisches Geld ; Verbraucherschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: An examination of payments issues is taking place in the context of the review of the OECD’s 1999 guidelines on e-commerce. This report looks at what might need to be amplified or revised to enhance consumer trust and adoption of new and emerging online and mobile payment mechanisms. It reflects contributions made by national delegations, business and civil society.
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 209
    Keywords: Internet ; Datensicherheit ; Datenschutz ; IT-Recht ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the history of the OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security (“Security Guidelines”) since the adoption of their first version in 1992. It explains that the 2002 revision of the Guidelines introduced a fundamental paradigm shift in the way IT security was previously addressed, in order to take into account the emergence of the open Internet and the generalisation of interconnectivity.
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 212
    Keywords: Internet ; Datensicherheit ; Datenschutz ; IT-Recht ; Gesellschaft ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This document brings together views from business, civil society and the Internet technical community on the emergence of a new generation of national cybersecurity strategies. This input was used in developing the report on “Cybersecurity Policy Making at a Turning Point: Analysing a New Generation of National Cybersecurity Strategies for the Internet Economy” (OECD Digital Economy Paper 211).
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 47
    Keywords: Umweltrecht ; Umweltbehörde ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; KMU ; Umweltmanagement ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report aims to help environmental and other competent authorities in OECD countries to promote green business practices among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It analyses different ways to establish environmental regulatory requirements for facilities with low environmental risk (most of which are SMEs). It also examines how to design and apply information and market-based tools to promote compliance with such requirements and adoption of cleaner technologies and good environmental management practices. The report suggests several ways to increase the effectiveness of these promotion tools with respect to the SME community. The report addresses the roles of environmental authorities, local governments, business organisations and financial institutions in the greening of small businesses. It reviews in detail the experience of France, Ireland, Korea, the Netherlands and the UK (England and Wales and Scotland) and draws on examples of several other countries.
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 46
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Investition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Risiko-Ertrags-Verhältnis ; Private Investition ; Welt ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper addresses several broad issues for governments aiming to encourage private sector investment in low-carbon climate resilient (LCR) infrastructure, in both developed and developing world contexts. LCR infrastructure is defined, recognizing the interdependencies between infrastructure systems, and the opportunities to tackle climate change adaptation and mitigation simultaneously in national strategic infrastructure plans. Review of the performance of OECD countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions related to three categories of gross fixed capital formation is mixed. Half of the countries analysed achieved decoupling of emissions from capital formation in the residential building sector, but only two in the transportation sector and nine in power and industry. The paper reviews future global infrastructure needs under low carbon and business-as–usual scenarios. Although cost estimates are incomplete, the technical interdependency and financial tradeoffs between infrastructure systems suggests the potential to generate virtuous cycles of low carbon growth. Governments can encourage private investment in LCR infrastructure by improving the risk-return profile of projects. The paper provides a ranking of the most significant risks in financing LCR projects showing that policy (or sovereign) risks rank amongst the highest. The potential to finance LCR infrastructure in low income nations is challenging due to basic banking services, lack of non-bank financial services, weak risk management capacity and limited availability of long term funding. Drawing on OECD?s work on the water sector, the paper reviews financing mechanisms that help to increase access to commercial banks, bond finance, project finance and equity finance in developing countries. Green bonds are an example of a financing mechanism with strong potential for LCR infrastructure in developed countries, but supportive government policies are required. The paper concludes by considering governance arrangements that can enable and secure private engagement in LCR infrastructure investment, including public private partnerships (PPPs). Where governments have opted to use PPPs, government PPP units may be suitable administrative units for managing delivery of LCR performance as an integral part of the infrastructure project.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 51
    Keywords: OECD ; Büroimmobilien ; Energieeinsparung ; Arbeitskräfte ; Verhalten in Organisationen ; Experiment ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Default options have been shown to affect behaviour in a variety of economic choice tasks, including health care and retirement savings. Less research has tested whether defaults affect behaviour in the domain of energy efficiency. This study uses data from a randomized controlled experiment in which the default settings on office thermostats in an OECD office building were manipulated during the winter heating season, and employees’ chosen thermostat setting observed over a 6 week period. Using difference-in-differences, panel, and censored regression models (to control for maximum allowable thermostat settings), we find that a 1°C decrease in the default caused a reduction in the chosen setting by 0.38°C on average. Sixty-five percent of this effect could be attributed to office occupant behaviour (p-value=0.044). The difference-in-differences model shows that small decreases in the default (1°) led to a greater reduction in chosen settings than large decreases (2°). We also find that office occupants who are more apt to adjust their thermostats prior to the intervention were less susceptible to the default. We find no evidence that offices with multiple occupants displayed different patterns in thermostat choices than single-occupant offices. We conclude that this kind of intervention can increase building-level energy efficiency, and discuss potential explanations and broader policy implications of our findings.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy papers 3
    Keywords: -2060 ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report presents the results from a new model for projecting growth of OECD and major non-OECD economies over the next 50 years as well as imbalances that arise. A baseline scenario assuming gradual structural reform and fiscal consolidation to stabilise government-debt-to GDP ratios is compared with variant scenarios assuming deeper policy reforms. One main finding is that growth of the non-OECD G20 countries will continue to outpace OECD countries, but the difference will narrow substantially over coming decades. In parallel, the next 50 years will see major changes in the composition of the world economy. In the absence of ambitious policy changes, global imbalances will emerge which could undermine growth. However, ambitious fiscal consolidation efforts and deep structural reforms can both raise long-run living standards and reduce the risks of major disruptions to growth by mitigating global imbalances.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers 13
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper considers the influence of taxes on the financial incentive to invest in human capital and explores the tax treatment of private investment by individuals and employers in post-compulsory education and lifelong learning in 31 OECD countries, India and South Africa. The paper describes targeted personal, corporate and value added tax measures related to education and training and analyses them in terms of their impacts on the incentive to acquire skills and their distributional effects. The desirability of different forms of tax relief for skills formation is examined from the point of view of efficiency, equity and administrative simplicity within the broader context of fiscal policy and the role of government in skills formation beyond compulsory education.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers 14
    Keywords: Einkommensteuer ; Steuerbelastung ; Brasilien ; China ; Indien ; Indonesien ; Südafrika ; Taxation ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; South Africa ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines the taxation of labour income in five key emerging economies: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa (the “BIICS” countries). The paper highlights the key features of the taxation of labour income in these countries, and then uses this information to model the tax burdens on labour income in each country following the OECD's Taxing Wages methodology. Average and marginal tax wedges in Brazil and China (Shanghai) are found to be similar in size in 2010 to those of many OECD countries. In contrast, India, Indonesia and South Africa (as well as rural China) impose very low average and marginal tax wedges compared to the vast majority of OECD countries. These relatively low tax wedge results are not altogether surprising given that these countries also currently have lower tax-to-GDP ratios than the OECD average. However, the results suggest that, in the long-term, reforms will be necessary in most of the BIICS countries if the labour income base is to significantly contribute to funding the substantial increases in public expenditure, particularly on infrastructure and social insurance, that will inevitably come as these countries continue to grow.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/08
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/08
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; London ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The London Apprenticeship Campaign was launched in 2010 to boost the number of apprentices in London. It was developed as part of an ongoing policy focus to tackle long-standing skill shortfalls in the city, shortages which have been constraining employment, social opportunity and productivity. A critical element was to establish more apprenticeship frameworks outside traditional sectors and in growth sectors dominating the local economy. A remarkable innovation in the campaign has been supplementing the supply-side approach with a demand-side policy by working to engage more private sector employers, while also ensuring a strong public sector commitment. Germany has one of the most successful apprenticeship models internationally and can provide good learning lessons for London on putting in place effective apprenticeship approaches at national, regional and local level.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/13
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/13
    Keywords: Regionales Cluster ; Wissensgesellschaft ; Industry and Services ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper shows the performance of eighty leading innovative local clusters on six measures of enterprise performance: share of new and young firms and growth of employment, turnover, profitability, liquidity ratio and solvency ratio. The data show the performance of clusters before and during the global economic crisis and suggest that clusters doing well in the phase of economic expansion had different characteristics from those that were able to grow in a time of economic slowdown. The data permit comparison of performance among the clusters. In the pre-recession period the two top performing clusters were the Madison Research District and Silicon Valley in the United States, while during the recession the two leading clusters were the Coimbra Biotech cluster in Portugal and Daedoek Science Town in Korea.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/15
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/15
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Londonderry ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Derry~Londonderry in Northern Ireland became a member of the LEED Partners Club in 2008 and has collaborated with the LEED Programme as it embarked upon One Plan. Our work with the city encapsulates the essence of LEED and the delivery of sustainable local development in practice. Throughout the project, our team worked with engaged, open and committed stakeholders and our Directing Committee was both humbled and inspired by the city.Derry-Londonderry has a challenging period ahead as it seeks to create 12 000 much needed jobs in the city over the next 10 years. It is now an outward-looking and learning city, seeking to learn from international best practice and in turn contribute to new thinking and understanding. Through One Plan – the Regeneration Plan for Derry Londonderry 2020 – the city can determine a different future: a stronger economy and equal society. Delivering Local Development in Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland: Inclusive Growth Through One Plan helps the city set out a path to reshape its future to ensure that the economy is able to generate sufficient, productive and sustainable employment, with opportunities for progression and accessibility for all.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/17
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/17
    Keywords: Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsverwaltung ; Trient (Provinz) ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How to stimulate growth and support job creation are two critical challenges that countries and localities confront and limited resources require lateral thinking about how actions in one area, such as employment and training, can have simultaneous benefits in others, such as creating new jobs and better supporting labour market inclusion. To achieve a more co-ordinated and joined up approach, local stakeholders need to pool resources and reduce transaction costs by building effective partnerships on the ground. The OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) programme has developed the international Local Job Creation project to assess the contribution of labour market policy to boosting quality employment and enhancing productivity by better matching skills supply to demand, improving training provision and addressing skills gaps, as well as improving skills utilisation by firms. This working paper, reports on the review carried out for the Labour Agency (Agenzia del Lavoro) of the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italy, and highlights both the strengths and weaknesses of policy approaches and actions taken by the Labour Agency. The working paper concludes with an outline of the key issues for consideration for the Labour Agency that could inform the development of an action plan in order to ensure the right conditions exist for sustainable job creation at the local level.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers 2012/18
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2012/18
    Keywords: Gründungsausbildung ; Unternehmensgründung ; Hochschule ; Tunesien ; Industry and Services ; Tunisia ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides the main findings and recommendations of a case study review of entrepreneurship education and business start-up support in Tunisian universities and universities of applied sciences as part of a series of reviews on Skills and Competences for Entrepreneurship carried out by the Local Economic and Employment Development (OECD) Programme of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The review examines current strategies, structures and practices for entrepreneurship promotion in Tunisian universities highlighting activities to instil entrepreneurial intentions and to favour business creation among graduates. One of the core strengths of the Tunisian system is that it reaches a large proportion of students with basic entrepreneurship teaching. The report sets out the opportunities to improve this teaching using international best practice models and to complement it with more intense start-up support for those students ready to go further. To this end, the report recommends the creation of a national graduate entrepreneurship strategy with clear objectives, indicators and incentives, methods for benchmarked learning and a resource bank of teaching materials together with an exchange platform for universities on entrepreneurship support practices, with an interface through university enterprise champions, an academic association, and improved training of trainers. The existing basic teaching in entrepreneurship should be improved with new activities and approaches and a new level of deeper business creation and growth support introduced including incubation, coaching and referral and post start-up support.
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