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  • 2005-2009  (78)
  • 2000-2004
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  • 2005  (41)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (78)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (78)
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  • 2005-2009  (78)
  • 2000-2004
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé : Suisse 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018365
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Health Systems; Switzerland 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Berichte über Gesundheitssysteme; Schweiz 2006
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: La population suisse jouit d’un bon état de santé, d’un large accès à une gamme complète de services de santé modernes et d’une très grande liberté de choix des prestataires. Les responsables de l’élaboration des politiques sont toutefois confrontés à d’immenses défis. Ils doivent notamment maîtriser des dépenses de santé en progression rapide et parvenir à une meilleure utilisation des ressources. S’ils s’accordent sur la nécessité de réformer le système de santé, leurs points de vue divergent largement quant à l’orientation la plus appropriée à donner à ce changement. Ce document analyse les forces et les faiblesses du système de santé suisse. Il les examine au regard d’objectifs essentiels tels que l’efficacité et la réactivité, l’accès aux soins, l’équité du financement, l’efficience de l’offre de services et la viabilité financière. Le rapport évalue de nouvelles propositions de réforme du système de santé. Et il formule des recommandations pour répondre aux défis -- présents et futurs -- auxquels seront confrontées les autorités suisses.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018365-fr
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Medical Malpractice : Prevention, Insurance and Coverage Options (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prévenir, assurer et couvrir les incidents médicaux
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Medical malpractice
    DDC: 610.68
    RVK:
    XL 1500
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Ärztlicher Kunstfehler ; Kompensation ; Versicherung ; Prävention ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: Confidence in a country’s health care system requires indemnification and deterrence systems that adequately cover liability, provide fair compensation for injury, and deter medical malpractices. Over the last years, in many OECD countries, these systems have experienced difficulties resulting in high-risk specialty physicians and surgeons leaving the practice and the development of expensive and useless—if not risky—defensive medicine. This publication surveys and assesses various types of mechanisms and reforms that best limit and indemnify medical accidents. Reasons for difficulties faced by some compensation and prevention regimes, given the specificities of national circumstances and in particular of health care systems, are examined. The study offers a series of unique and focused policy options for establishing more efficient indemnification and deterrence systems to cope with medical accidents.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029057-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L' imposition des familles actives : Une analyse de la répartition (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035690
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.12
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.12
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxing Working Families; A Distributional Analysis
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: L’imposition des familles actives apporte un éclairage sur la façon dont l’impôt sur le revenu et les cotisations de sécurité sociale affectent la répartition du revenu entre les différents types de famille dans les pays de l’OCDE. Certains avantages en espèces dont les familles bénéficient généralement – et qui sont considérés comme une imposition négative – sont aussi pris en compte. L’étude se concentre sur les effets de ces ponctions sur la répartition du revenu entre différents types de ménage de salariés, en examinant trois dimensions de l’inégalité : inégalité verticale entre les ménages ayant des niveaux de revenu différents, inégalité horizontale entre les ménages n’ayant pas tous le même nombre d’enfants, et traitement fiscal des ménages comptant un seul apporteur de revenu par rapport à ceux qui en comptent deux.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035690-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Children (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Economic valuation of environmental health risks to children
    RVK:
    AR 16000
    RVK:
    AR 16100
    Keywords: Gesundheitsrisiko ; Umweltbelastung ; Kinder ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Bewertung ; Kind ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Risiko ; Umweltbelastung ; Gesundheitsgefährdung ; Reduktion ; Gesundheitsgefährdung ; Kind
    Abstract: The relationship between environment and children’s health has been the subject of increasing interest these last ten years. For example, many OECD member countries are reporting asthma epidemics exacerbated by air pollution: in the United States nearly 1 in 13 school-age children (approximately 4.8 million) has asthma, and the rate is increasing more rapidly in school-age children than in any other group. The importance of this issue has resulted in a growing number of epidemiological studies aiming at better understanding and better characterising the relationship between environmental pollution and the health of children. However, in many respects, the valuation of children’s health strongly differs from the valuation of adults’ health and constitutes a real challenge for analysts as well as for decision-makers. Consequently, this book proposes an in depth analysis of the main methodological difficulties associated with estimating the social value of a reduction in risk to children. Questions such as how to elicit children’s preferences, what valuation methodology and benefit measure to choose, how to discount benefits to children’s health, and how to account for economic uncertainties in this specific context of economic valuation will be systematically examined in order to define key policy implications and to pave the way for further research.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013988-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From Inactivity to Work : The Role of Active Labour Market Policies (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.36
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Many OECD countries have in recent decades experienced periods of relatively rapid growth in nonemployment benefit expenditures and recipiency rates which have not subsequently been reversed. By contrast, in a number of OECD countries the number of unemployment benefit recipients has declined fairly sharply since the mid-1990s. Although national situations for particular benefits vary greatly, a variety of evidence suggests that there is now often substantial scope for bringing people currently in the sick and disabled, lone-parent, old-age and non-categorical social assistance groups into employment.
    DOI: 10.1787/687686456188
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies : Canada 2005 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264036567
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi; Canada 2005
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada
    Abstract: Au Canada, le pourcentage des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus dans la population active doublera pour passer à 45 % en 2050. Sans changement d’orientation, cette situation pourrait se traduire par davantage de dépenses publiques, par des pénuries de main-d’œuvre et par un ralentissement de la croissance économique. Cet ouvrage examine les principaux obstacles que les travailleurs âgés doivent surmonter dans la vie active. Il évalue la pertinence et l’efficacité des mesures existantes destinées à surmonter ces obstacles et présente un ensemble de recommandations à l’attention des pouvoirs publics et des partenaires sociaux. D’autre part, il apprécie l’équilibre qui existe entre les aides au revenu et les incitations à l’emploi, les méthodes qui visent à encourager les employeurs à recruter des salariés à long terme et, enfin, les mesures garantissant aux travailleurs âgés la possibilité d’être embauchés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264036567-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Turkish Pension System : Further Reforms to Help Solve the Informality Problem (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.44
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Turkey
    Abstract: Recent social security reform has significantly improved the long-run sustainability of the pension system. However, the pension system continues to serve as an important barrier to a more rapid expansion of the formal-sector economy in two ways. First, early-retirement incentives (including severance payments) continue to push many incumbent formal sector workers into the informal sector, often at ages as young as 40-45. While new labour force entrants face a much higher retirement age, policies for incumbents are fiscally expensive, inequitable, and serve to swell the ranks of the informal sector. Second, even when the transition to the new pension rules is complete, net replacement rates will remain very high by OECD standards, requiring high social security contribution rates that make it too expensive for firms to employ low-skilled labour in the formal sector. Thus, further pension reform is one of the keys to overcoming Turkey’s economic duality. Finally, since the pension system does not cover the informal sector, it does little to alleviate poverty among the wider population of older people. This paper discusses a number of reforms that would increase the retirement age, reduce inter-generational inequities, and permit a significant cut in the tax wedge on labour, while better addressing old-age poverty concerns at all levels of income.
    DOI: 10.1787/348880554402
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Starting Well or Losing their Way? : The Position of Youth in the Labour Market in OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.39
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Despite the fact that today’s young cohorts are smaller in number and better educated than their older counterparts, high youth unemployment remains a serious problem in many OECD countries. This reflects a variety of factors, including the relatively high proportion of young people leaving school without a basic educational qualification, the fact that skills acquired in initial education are not always well adapted to labour market requirements, as well as general labour market conditions and problems in the functioning of labour markets. The paper highlights the trends in youth labour market performance over the past decade using a wide range of indicators. It also presents new evidence on i) the length of transitions from school to work; ii) the wages, working conditions and stability of jobs performed by youth; and iii) the degree of so-called “over-education”, i.e. the gap between the skills of young people and the jobs they get.
    DOI: 10.1787/351848125721
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measures of Material Deprivation in OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.37
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The paper discusses the use of material deprivation measures for an analysis of poverty in OECD countries. Its main goal is to identify suitable survey questions that might be used in comparative analysis, as a first step towards the construction of more satisfactory poverty measures. The paper proposes a simple taxonomy of the broad notion of material deprivation into its objective and subjective dimensions and into its main components, and present data on the share of households reporting different types of material deprivation. It also proposes a simple summary measure of material deprivation, defined as the average of indicators across different items.
    DOI: 10.1787/866767270205
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health Care Quality Indicators Project : Conceptual Framework Paper (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.23
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper represents an attempt to set out a conceptual framework for the OECD’s Health Care Quality Indicator (HCQI) Project. Two main issues are tackled: what concepts, or dimensions, of quality of health care should be measured and how, in principle, should they be measured. The need for a conceptual framework for the Project was expressed by a large group of participating countries. In interviews by the OECD Secretariat with member countries in April and May 2005, country experts and delegates to the Group on Health reiterated the need for a framework for the OECD’s health care quality work. Countries stated that the framework should be: a) based on country experience and b) could be used to guide both current and future work by the OECD in health care quality measurement and monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/440134737301
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Employment Patterns in OECD Countries : Reassessing the Role of Policies and Institutions (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 131 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.35
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper explores the impact of policies and institutions on employment and unemployment of OECD countries in the past decades. Reduced-form unemployment equations, consistent with standard wage setting/pricesetting models, are estimated using cross-country/time-series data from 21 OECD countries over the period 1982- 2003. In the “average” OECD country, high and long-lasting unemployment benefits, high tax wedges and stringent anti-competitive product market regulation are found to increase aggregate unemployment. By contrast, highly centralised and/or coordinated wage bargaining systems are estimated to reduce unemployment. These findings are robust across specifications, datasets and econometric methods. As policies and institutions affect employment not only via their impact on aggregate unemployment but also through their effects on labour market participation - particularly for those groups “at the margin” of the labour market, group-specific employment rate equations are also estimated. In the “average” OECD country, high unemployment benefits and high tax wedges are found to be associated with lower employment prospects for all groups studied, namely prime-age males, females, older workers and youths. There is also evidence that group-specific policy determinants matter, such as targeted fiscal incentives.
    DOI: 10.1787/702031136412
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Internationaler Migrationsausblick 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264025363
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration Outlook 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des migrations internationales 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectivas de las migraciones internacionales 2006
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Diese erste Ausgabe des Internationalen Migrationsausblicks analysiert die jüngsten Trendentwicklungen im Bereich der Wanderungsbewegungen und -politik in allen OECD-Ländern. Erstmals enthält der Bericht für die meisten OECD-Länder auch harmonisierte Statistiken über die langfristigen internationalen Zuwanderungsströme. Unterstrichen werden dabei die wachsende Bedeutung der Zuzüge aus Russland, der Ukraine, China und Lateinamerika sowie die zunehmende Feminisierung der Migrationsströme.Diese Ausgabe spiegelt das wachsende Interesse der Mitgliedsländer an der Anwerbung hoch qualifizierter Zuwanderer mit Hilfe von Auswahlverfahren sowie der befristeten, häufig saisonalen Beschäftigung gering qualifizierter Migranten wider. Das Schwergewicht liegt dabei insbesondere auf Maßnahmen für eine bessere Steuerung der Migrationsströme, speziellen Integrationsmaßnahmen für Neuzuwanderer, die von vorgeschriebenen Sprachkursen hin zu arbeitsplatzorientierten Initiativen reichen, sowie auf der Verstärkung der Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Diskriminierung und Förderung der Vielfalt. Die Veröffentlichung enthält außerdem: • Zwei Sonderkapitel, die aktuellen Themen gewidmet sind. Das erste behandelt die Frage der Steuerung der Migrationszuflüsse durch Quoten und Plafonds und evaluiert die Effizienz entsprechender Instrumente. Das zweite analysiert die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Migration, Rücküberweisungen und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung der Entsendeländer aus einem anderen Blickwinkel. • Länderbeiträge, diesmal in neuer Form, die die jüngsten Entwicklungen bei Migrationsbewegungen und -politik beschreiben und anhand neu gestalteter standardisierter Tabellen veranschaulichen. • Einen statistischen Anhang mit den neuesten Daten über Ausländer und im Ausland geborene Personen sowie über Migrationsströme und Einbürgerungen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264025363-de
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neutral or Fair? : Actuarial Concepts and Pension-System Design (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.40
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 1. Economists and policymakers increasingly use the word “actuarial” in the analysis of pension systems and retirement incentives. But the debate is often confused. “Actuarial fairness” and “actuarial neutrality” are promoted loosely as desirable goals of pension reform. This paper distinguishes two actuarial concepts and discusses their importance for defined-benefit, defined-contribution and notional accounts pension plans. • Actuarial fairness, which requires that the present value of lifetime contributions equals the present value of lifetime benefits. Actuarial fairness relates to the entire lifetime of contributions and benefits • Actuarial neutrality, which requires that the present value of accrued pension benefits for working an additional year is the same as in the year before (meaning that benefits increase only by the additional entitlement earned in that year). Conversely, retiring a year earlier should reduce the pension benefit both by the entitlement that would have been earned during the year and by an amount to reflect the longer duration for which the pension must be paid. Actuarial neutrality is a marginal concept, relating to the effect of working an additional year. 2. The discussion shows that it is very difficult to design pension systems around these actuarial concepts alone. Most retirement income systems have several components; some of these may be actuarially fair or actuarially neutral but others, notably safety-nets to protect retirees from poverty, will by definition not fulfil the conditions of actuarial fairness or neutrality. Finally, both concepts are defined across the population, regardless of the systematic differences in life-expectancy between women and men or between low-income groups and richer workers. People who expect to live longer will get a better deal out of the pension system than those who are expected to die earlier.
    DOI: 10.1787/351382456457
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Supply of Physician Services in OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.21
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The delivery of an appropriate quantity and quality of health care in an efficient way requires, among other things, matching the supply with the demand for the services of physicians, over time. Such matching has led to very different levels of physicians per million population across OECD countries – because of variations, among other things, in: morbidity and mortality, health expenditure as a share of GDP and the design of health systems. In addition, there are signs that a higher density of physicians is found in countries which have left the supply of physicians mainly to the market whereas lower density is found in countries which have planned the intake to medical schools centrally over many years...
    DOI: 10.1787/608402211700
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Where Immigrant Students Succeed : A Comparative Review of Performance and Engagement in PISA 2003 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264023611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Schulerfolg von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrundim internationalen Vergleich
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD. Programme for International Student Assessment Where immigrant students succeed
    DDC: 371.826912
    RVK:
    DO 1250
    RVK:
    DO 9000
    RVK:
    MS 7300
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Welt ; Migranten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Statistik 2003 ; PISA-Studie ; Einwanderer ; Bildungsgang ; PISA-Studie ; Einwanderer ; Bildungsgang
    Abstract: Drawing on data from the OECD’s Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA), this report examines the performance of students with immigrant backgrounds and compares it to that of their native counterparts. As well as providing information on countries’ approaches to the integration of immigrants, it looks at other factors that could influence immigrant students’ performance – such as their attitudes to school, their motivation and learning strategies as well as their social background and the language spoken at home – giving valuable implications for educational policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264023611-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alternative Measures of Well-Being (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.33
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: All discussions about the desirability of policy reforms rest on judgements about their effects on individuals and societal well-being. Yet, suitable measures for assessing how well-being is changing over time or compares across countries are lacking. This problem is, of course, not new and standard economic theory has provided, over the years, a range of insights about the criteria and domains that are most critical for the measurement of well-being, and on the relation between well-being and measures of economic resources. This paper does not revisit this theoretical discussion, nor does it provide a comprehensive review of different approaches to the measurement of well-being. It rather assesses whether GDP per capita is an adequate proxy as a measure of well-being or whether other indicators — used either as substitutes or as complements to GDP per capita — are more suitable for that purpose. Attention is limited to only some of the factors that influence well-being, and excludes some critical elements such as the environment, home production and other non-market factors.
    DOI: 10.1787/713222332167
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  • 17
    Online Resource
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    Activation Strategies and the Performance of Employment Services in Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.42
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Netherlands ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Strategies to 'activate' the unemployed with the help of high-quality employment services have continuously gained importance in the policy debate. The purpose of this report is to examine how activation strategies and the performance of employment services are addressed in three countries which have undertaken considerable reforms in recent years, namely Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. All three review countries have implemented a 'mutual obligations' approach.
    DOI: 10.1787/341116536484
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Publicly-provided Services and the Distribution of Resources (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.45
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report looks at the effects on the distribution of household income of those government-provided services that confer a personal benefit to users. While most of the comparative evidence of the size and evolution of income inequalities in OECD countries relies on the concept of household disposable income, integrating the effects of these government services is important for both conceptual and practical reasons: first, as the tax burden levied on households represent a deduction from their disposable income, it is important to account for the services which governments provide...
    DOI: 10.1787/343652001507
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  • 19
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    Social Assistance Policy Development and the Provision of a Decent Level of Income in Selected OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.38
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The paper starts with a brief look at social expenditure patterns and the importance of different social policy areas, in particular the role of social assistance policy within social protection systems. It then looks at the objectives of social assistance policy and considers payment-rates in terms of adequacy, financial incentives to work, addressing issues as budget standards, indexation methods and the policy approach towards specific client groups. Also, the study briefly highlights Chinese public expenditure issues more generally and presents some key indicators on the dynamics of ageing populations which will have consequences for future social expenditure trends in China.
    DOI: 10.1787/864161231261
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  • 20
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    Maladie, invalidité et travail : surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 1) : Norvège, Pologne, Suisse (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026346
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work; Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 1); Norway, Poland and Switzerland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 1): Norway, Poland and Switzerland
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Poland ; Switzerland ; Sozialpolitik ; Behinderung ; Krankheit ; Rehabilitation ; Integration ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Comment se fait-il qu’alors que l’état de santé des populations s’améliore, de plus en plus de gens en âge de travailler sont exclus de la population active et vivent de prestations maladie et invalidité de longue durée ? Ce rapport analyse les facteurs qui pourraient expliquer ce paradoxe. C’est le premier d’une nouvelle série d’examens de l’OCDE sur la maladie, l’invalidité et le travail. Les auteurs s’y intéressent plus particulièrement aux cas de la Norvège, de la Pologne et de la Suisse et mettent en lumière le rôle des institutions et des politiques. Un ensemble de recommandations sont présentées.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026346-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 21
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    Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 1) : Norway, Poland and Switzerland (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail ; surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 1) ; Norvège, Pologne, Suisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail : surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 1) : Norvège, Pologne, Suisse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Norway, Poland and Switzerland
    Keywords: Erwerbsunfähigkeit ; Krankheit ; Norwegen ; Polen ; Schweiz ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Poland ; Switzerland ; Norwegen ; Polen ; Schweiz ; Krankheit ; Erwerbsunfähigkeit
    Abstract: Why is it that health is improving, yet more and more people of working age end up out of the workforce relying on long-term sickness and disability benefits? This first report in a new OECD series on sickness, disability and work explores the possible factors behind this paradox. It looks specifically at the cases of Norway, Poland and Switzerland, and highlights the role of institutions and policies. A range of reform recommendations is put forward.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026322-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 22
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    Social Disadvantage and Education Experiences (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.32
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper discusses how social disadvantage affects the learning experiences of households with fewer economic resources, at each stage of the individuals' life-course, and on some of the "social" effects of such learning. It argues that while education can be an escalator out of social disadvantage — leading to better job prospects for youths facing greater risks of poverty and reducing the prevalence of income poverty in adult age — educational failure can reinforce it: a significant minority of students in several OECD countries do not even complete compulsory education; students' test scores in lower secondary education are strongly shaped by family characteristics; and the expansion of university education has most often benefited households with better educated parents. Far from "equalising" opportunities, education can be a powerful driver of social selection. When returns to education increase over time, this may lead to greater inter-generational persistence of poverty and less equality of opportunities.
    DOI: 10.1787/715165322333
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  • 23
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    Health Care Quality Indicators Project : Initial Indicators Report (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 153 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.22
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The OECD Health Care Quality Indicator (HCQI) Project was started in 2001. The long-term objective of the HCQI Project is to develop a set of indicators that can be used to raise questions for further investigation concerning quality of health care across countries. It was envisioned that the indicators that were finally recommended for inclusion in the HCQI measure set would be scientifically sound, important at a clinical and policy level and feasible to collect in that data would be available and could be made comparable across countries. It was also envisioned that the indicators would not enable any judgement to be made on the overall performance of whole health systems. In essence, they should be used as the basis for investigation to understand why differences exist and what can be done to reduce those differences and improve care in all countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/481685177056
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  • 24
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    The Role of Derived Rights for Old-age Income Security of Women (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.43
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 1. This paper analyses the income situation of older women living alone and examines the role of pension entitlements from derived rights for their income security. The data shows that the share of elderly women living alone is expected to increase substantially due to population ageing and women’s longer life expectancy. Many of them are at greater risk of poverty than aged couples. Taking into account that poverty among older women living alone has been on the rise in many OECD countries, old age income security of widows and divorcees will remain a challenge for policy makers. 2. The analysis of income sources shows that survivors’ pensions and divorcees’ benefits form the largest share of the incomes of elderly women living alone. It also finds a relatively strong negative relationship between the size of the pension benefit and the poverty level of older women living alone. Thus, the structure and level of public pension schemes play an important role for income adequacy and poverty risks of this group. Most OECD pension systems offer protection for widows and divorcees through contributory or non-contributory benefits. Entitlements derived from the rights of an income-earning spouse are usually calculated as a percentage of the insured worker’s rights. Preliminary calculations show that in the OECD countries examined here, non-working widows and working widows receive an average pension level of 36 and 50%, respectively, compared to an average level for couples of nearly 60% of average earnings. 3. The high poverty rate of older women living alone suggests that survivors’ pension schemes or pension benefits for divorcees are not entirely successful in providing old-age income security for this target group. As an increasing number of women work and earn their own pension entitlements, derived pension rights may become less important. However, adequate pensions will require full-time work over the whole career. In countries where women work more part-time and experience longer career interruptions due to caring for children or elderly relatives, pensions based on own contributions may be quite low. Whether poverty prevention for this group is best addressed by benefits from derived rights or by the general old-age safety net will depend on the degree of full-time female labour force participation and the evolution of poverty of older women living alone relative that of the overall older population.
    DOI: 10.1787/350882777255
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  • 25
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    Prévenir, assurer et couvrir les incidents médicaux (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029071
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: Aspects fondamentaux des assurances no.11
    Series Statement: Aspects fondamentaux des assurances
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medical Malpractice; Prevention, Insurance and Coverage Options
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medical Malpractice: Prevention, Insurance and Coverage Options
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ärztlicher Kunstfehler ; Schadensersatz ; Privatversicherung ; Risiko ; Prävention
    Abstract: La fiabilité des systèmes de santé supposent des systèmes de compensation et de prévention qui couvrent de manière appropriée la responsabilité des professionnels et des établissements de santé et limitent les mauvaises pratiques médicales. Au cours des dernières années, dans certains pays de l’OCDE, les dispositifs d’indemnisation et de prévention des dommages ont rencontré des difficultés. Celles-ci ont notamment conduit certains spécialistes et chirurgiens à quitter leur métier ou à développer une médecine « défensive » coûteuse et inutile quand elle n’est pas porteuse de risque pour les patients. Cette publication évalue les différents types de dispositifs et de réformes élaborés afin de réduire et d’indemniser plus efficacement les incidents médicaux. En tenant compte des spécificités de chaque situation domestique et en particulier des systèmes de santé, l’étude analyse également les raisons principales des difficultés rencontrées par certains de ces systèmes de compensation et de prévention. L’étude offre une série unique de suggestions ciblées pour mettre en place un dispositif d’indemnisation/prévention plus efficace pour gérer les incidents résultant d’un traitement médical.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Medical malpractice : prevention, insurance and coverage options
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029071-fr
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  • 26
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    Is Training More Frequent When the Wage Premium is Smaller? : Evidence from the European Community (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.41
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union
    Abstract: According to Becker [1964], when labour markets are perfectly competitive, general training is paid by the worker, who reaps all the benefits from the investment. Therefore, ceteris paribus, the greater the training wage premium, the greater the investment in general training. Using data from the European Community Household Panel, we compute a proxy of the training wage premium in clusters of homogeneous workers and find that smaller premia induce greater incidence of off-site training, which is likely to impart general skills. Our findings suggest that the Becker model provides insufficient guidance to understand empirical training patterns. Conversely, they are not inconsistent with theories of training in imperfectly competitive labour markets, in which firms may be willing to finance general training if the wage structure is compressed, that is, if the increase in productivity after training is greater than the increase in pay.
    DOI: 10.1787/351251420436
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  • 27
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    Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Canada (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 91 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.24
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada
    Abstract: This paper describes and assesses pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in Canada, considering them in the context of the broader policy and market environment in which they operate, and investigating their role in contributing to Canada’s achievements in meeting a range of objectives relating to the pharmaceutical policy. The federal government regulates prices of patented pharmaceutical products with the objective of protecting consumers against excessive prices. Regulation has very likely been responsible for bringing Canada’s prices for patented medicines roughly in line with European comparators. Prices of generic products, which are not regulated, are relatively high although high...
    DOI: 10.1787/346071162287
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  • 28
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    From Immigration to Integration : Local Solutions to a Global Challenge (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De l'immigration à l'intégration ; Des solutions locales à un défi mondial
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als From immigration to integration
    RVK:
    MF 9000
    RVK:
    MS 1500
    Keywords: Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Migranten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Einwanderer ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Einwanderung ; Integration ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: For the potential advantages of migration to be harnessed, it is crucial that immigration be accompanied by integration, or effective mechanisms for ensuring that immigrants are incorporated into labour markets, the economy and society. While immigration policy is often determined, designed and funded at the national level, its impact on migrants and society is more strongly felt at the local level where other policies interact. This publication highlights principles and factors which are important in supporting integration locally. A comparison of local initiatives implemented in five OECD countries - Canada, UK (London), Spain, Italy, and Switzerland - answers key questions facing all policy makers and stakeholders working in this field. This book provides a set of concrete policy recommendations for implementation at both local and national levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028968-en
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    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 29
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    Live Longer, Work Longer (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vivre et travailler plus longtemps
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Keese, Mark Ageing and employment policies: Live longer, work longer
    RVK:
    MS 2700
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: This report helps establish a new agenda for age-friendly employment policies and practices. It sets out the policy challenges presented by rapidly ageing labour forces in OECD countries and draws out the main lessons learned from OECD's series of country reviews on Ageing and Employment policies. Among other issues, it discusses how to remove work disincentives and increase choice in the work-retirement decision, improve employability of older workers, and change employer attitudes and employment practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035881-en
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  • 30
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    OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Switzerland 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264025837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé ; Suisse 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Berichte über Gesundheitssysteme; Schweiz 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des systèmes de santé : Suisse 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Berichte über Gesundheitssysteme: Schweiz 2006
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Colombo, Francesca Switzerland
    RVK:
    QX 700
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsreform ; Schweiz ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland ; Schweiz
    Abstract: The Swiss population enjoys good health and universal access to a comprehensive range of modern health services, but policy makers are faced with considerable policy challenges, particularly to contain fast-growing health spending and improve value for money. This book analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the Swiss health system. It weighs them against the key policy objectives of health-system effectiveness and responsiveness, access to care and equitable financing, efficient supply of services, and financial sustainability. The report assesses new proposals for reform of the health system and provides policy recommendations to help address current and upcoming challenges facing the Swiss authorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264025837-en
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  • 31
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    An Age Perspective on Economic Well-Being and Social Protection in Nine OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.34
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: For a number of reasons, incomes vary strongly with age. The nature of this variation is of interest for a wide range of policy purposes. Since age structures differ across countries, knowledge about the incomes earned by different age groups is also necessary for understanding and interpreting international comparisons of overall inequality. This paper quantifies the economic well-being of different age groups and the extent to which they rely on incomes from public and private sources. The analysis aims at establishing how social benefits, and the taxes needed to finance them, affect income levels and income disparities across different age groups. Results are compared across nine OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/703336207745
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  • 32
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    Young Drivers : The Road to Safety (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (261 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jeunes conducteurs ; La voie de la sécurité
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jóvenes conductores ; El camino hacia la seguridad
    DDC: 363.1257094
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Electronic books
    Abstract: With traffic crashes being the single greatest killer of those aged 15-24 in OECD countries, this report provides an overview of the scope of the problem of young driver risk, its primary causes and concrete options to combat it. It systematically examines the specifics of young driver crashes as well as the factors behind the risk such as drugs and alcohol, fatigue, skills acquired, and motivation for safe driving. It then examines countermeasures currently employed as well as new technological innovations which might be helpful.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113356-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 33
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    Speed Management (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de la vitesse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestión de velocidad
    DDC: 363.1257094
    Keywords: Automobiles Speed ; Management ; Motor vehicles Speed ; Management ; Traffic safety ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung ; Management
    Abstract: Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the environment, energy consumption and quality of life, particularly for residents in urban areas. Reducing average speeds on the roads by only 5% will save around 20% of current fatalities. There is good experience available on how to quickly reduce the extent of speeding and thereby reduce current fatalities and injuries. Reduced speeding will also reduce the adverse environmental and social impacts associated with excessive speed, particularly in urban areas. Comprehensive measures are required which are best developed as part of a coordinated speed management policy package. What contributions can be made by infrastructure improvements, speed limits, signing and education, as well as by enforcement? Which are the most cost-effective elements of a speed management policy? What are the prospects for the use of new technologies which encourage drivers to choose appropriate speeds and assist in achieving greater compliance with speed limits? This Report, prepared by a Working Group of the Joint OECD/ECMT Transport Research Centre, addresses the key issues, highlights the improvements in policy and operations needed to reduce the extent of speeding. It outlines a framework for achieving the best possible safety outcomes while protecting the environment and supporting sustainable mobility. The report is compelling reading for all those interested in addressing the major speed-related problems that are widespread in OECD/ECMT member countries and will become increasingly important in developing countries as levels of motorisation increase.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103784-en
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  • 34
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    Starting Strong II : Early Childhood Education and Care (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Starting Strong
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Petite enfance, grands défis II ; Éducation et structures d'accueil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Starting Strong II; Early Childhood Education and Care (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Starting strong ; 2: Early childhood education and care
    RVK:
    DK 2009
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Kinderbetreuung ; Kleinkinderziehung ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This review of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in twenty OECD countries describes the social, economic, conceptual and research factors that influence early childhood policy. These include increasing women’s labour market participation; reconciling work and family responsibilities on a more equitable basis for women; confronting the demographic challenges faced by OECD countries; and in particular, addressing issues of access, quality, diversity, child poverty and educational disadvantage. Starting Strong II outlines the progress made by the participating countries in responding to the key aspects of successful ECEC policy outlined in the previous volume, Starting Strong (OECD, 2001). It offers many examples of new policy initiatives adopted in the ECEC field. In their conclusion, the authors identify ten policy areas for further critical attention from governments. The book also presents country profiles, which give an overview of ECEC systems in all 20 participating countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035461-en
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  • 35
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    Jeunes conducteurs : La voie de la sécurité (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113370
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Young Drivers; The Road to Safety
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jóvenes conductores ; El camino hacia la seguridad
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: Les accidents de la route sont, de loin, la première cause de mortalité parmi les jeunes de 15-24 ans dans les pays de l’OCDE. Ce rapport passe systématiquement en revue les caractéristiques des accidents impliquant les jeunes conducteurs ainsi que les facteurs de risque auxquels ceux-ci sont exposés : consommation de drogues et d’alcool, fatigue, aptitudes à la conduite, motivation pour la prudence au volant. Il examine aussi les mesures de prévention mises en œuvre ainsi que les innovations technologiques qui pourraient être utiles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113370-fr
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  • 36
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Ireland 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264036239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and employment policies: Ireland
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Irland ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland ; Irland
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 21 OECD countries, contains a survey of Ireland's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264036239-en
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  • 37
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    Vivre et travailler plus longtemps (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035898
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Live Longer, Work Longer
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ce rapport aide à avancer dans la voie de la mise en oeuvre de politiques et de pratiques en matière d'emploi qui permettent d'accompagner le vieillissement. Il présente les principaux défis auxquels feront face les travailleurs vieillissants et met à profit les principaux enseignements tirés des examens nationaux publiés la série « Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l’emploi » de l’OCDE. Parmi les sujets traités sont ; les désincitations au travail et les obstacles à l 'emploi, les choix grandissants en matière de retraite, améliorer l'employabilité des travailleurs plus âgés, et modifier l'attitude des employeurs et des pratiques en matière d'emploi.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035898-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 38
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    Consumer Direction and Choice in Long-Term Care for Older Persons, Including Payments for Informal Care : How Can it Help Improve Care Outcomes, Employment and Fiscal Sustainability? (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.20
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: As the number of older persons in need of long-term care increases, efforts to support older persons remaining in their home are intensified in most OECD countries. In this context of ageing in place, there is a movement towards allowing more individual choice for older persons receiving publicly funded long-term care at home. Having more flexibility in terms of how to receive care can increase the older person’s self-determination and that of his/her informal care givers. Having a choice among alternative care providers can empower older persons as consumers and may help strengthen the role of households in the care-management process. Choice can also help address quality aspects that are difficult to quantify but easy to experience for users, such as the personal interaction between the older person and the care giver.
    DOI: 10.1787/616882407515
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  • 39
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    Long-term Care for Older People (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les soins de longue durée pour les personnes âgées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Long-term Care for Older People; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Long-term care for older people
    RVK:
    DS 7250
    Keywords: Ältere Menschen ; Häusliche Pflege ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Sozialpolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Altenhilfe ; Altenarbeit
    Abstract: This study reports on the latest trends in long-term care policies in nineteen OECD countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Mexico, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It studies lessons learned from countries that undertook major reforms over the past decade. Trends in expenditure, financing and the number of care recipients are analysed based on new data on cross-country differences. Special attention is given to experience with programmes that provide consumers of services with a choice of care options, including cash to family caregivers. Concise country profiles of long-term care systems and an overview on demography and living situations of older persons make this complex policy field more accessible.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015852-en
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  • 40
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    Taxing Working Families : A Distributional Analysis (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013216
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'imposition des familles actives ; Une analyse de la répartition
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: Taxing Working Families provides insights into how income taxes and social security contributions affect the distribution of income between different types of families in OECD countries. Certain generally available cash benefits for families – regarded as negative taxes – are also taken into account. The study concentrates on the effects of these taxes on the distribution of income between different types of working households, looking at three dimensions of inequality: vertical inequality between households at different income levels, horizontal inequality between households with different numbers of children and the tax treatment of one-earner versus two-earner households.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013216-en
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  • 41
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    Should We Extend the Role of Private Social Expenditure? (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.23
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Some people make great claims about the advantages to be gained from greater reliance on the private sector for the provision of social protection. Many of the claims for great macroeconomic advantages do not stand up to scrutiny. However, there is some reason to hope that private provision might promote microeconomic efficiency and services which are more responsive to consumer preferences than those provided by a single monopoly public sector provider. Drawing on examples from recent OECD country experiences with private health insurance, care for children and the elderly, and private pension provision, three main conclusions can be drawn. First, opening provision to a diversity of providers has often promoted more choice and innovation. Second, however, efficiency gains have often been limited. This is due to a number of inter-related reasons: (a) Individualisation of packages of services is expensive. (b) In order to ensure adequate coverage of the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/866271756736
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  • 42
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    Counting Immigrants and Expatriates in OECD Countries : A New Perspective (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.25
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Results presented in this paper based on the new database on immigrants and expatriates in OECD countries, show that (i) the percentage of the foreign-born in European OECD countries is generally higher than the percentage of foreigners; (ii) international migration is quite selective towards highly skilled migrants; (iii) in most OECD countries, the number of immigrants with tertiary education exceeds the number of highly qualified expatriates to other OECD countries; (iv) among non-member countries the impact of the international mobility of the highly skilled is diverse: the largest developing countries seem not be significantly affected and indeed may benefit from indirect effects associated with this mobility while some of the smallest countries, especially in the Caribbean and in Africa, face significant ‘emigration rates’ of their elites.
    DOI: 10.1787/521408252125
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  • 43
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Germany 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Alterung und Beschäftigungspolitik; Deutschland 2005
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Prinz, Christopher Ageing and employment policies: Germany
    RVK:
    QV 200
    RVK:
    QV 220
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Deutschland ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Deutschland ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Altern ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 20 OECD countries, contains a survey of Germany's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012745-en
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  • 44
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    Sécurité routière : mieux protéger les enfants (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106321
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Keeping Children Safe in Traffic
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: Ce rapport, Sécurité routière: mieux protéger les enfants, décrit les progrès accomplis au cours des vingt dernières années et souligne la nécessité de poursuivre les efforts. Il présente les statistiques les plus récentes sur le nombre d’enfants blessés et tués ainsi que sur les modes de transports qu’ils utilisent. L’ouvrage examine les stratégies les plus efficaces et met en évidence les améliorations nécessaires. Il formule une série de recommandations quant aux politiques à mener dans ce domaine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106321-fr
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  • 45
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    Health Technologies and Decision Making (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016224
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologies de la santé et prise de décision
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Health technologies and decision making
    RVK:
    QX 705
    Keywords: Medizintechnik ; Gesundheitswesen ; Entscheidung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Medizintechnik ; Bewertung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Entscheidungsfindung
    Abstract: Health technology has the tremendous potential to change our understanding of disease, transform the delivery of health-care services, and improve health outcomes. But using such technology comes at a price. Health Technologies and Decision Making analyses the barriers to, and facilitators of, evidence-based decision making in OECD health-care systems. It examines how countries can successfully manage the opportunities and challenges arising from health-related technology by optimising decision-making processes, recognising the value of innovation, dealing with uncertainty, and producing and co-ordinating health technology assessment. The book also considers the capacity of health systems to respond to the particular challenges of fast-developing health-related biotechnologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016224-en
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  • 46
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    Tackling Nurse Shortages in OECD Countries (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: There are reports of current nurse shortages in all but a few OECD countries. With further increases in demand for nurses expected and nurse workforce ageing predicted to reduce the supply of nurses, shortages are likely to persist or even increase in the future, unless action is taken to increase flows into and reduce flows out of the workforce or to raise the productivity of nurses. This paper analyses shortages of nurses in OECD countries. It defines and describes evidence on current nurse shortages, and analyses international variability in nurse employment. Additionally, a number of demand and supply factors that are likely to influence the existence and extent of any future nurse shortages are examined. In order to resolve nurse shortages, the paper compares and evaluates policy levers that decision makers can use to increase flows of nurses into the workforce, reduce flows out of the workforce, and improve nurse retention rates. Although delayed market response may have been ...
    DOI: 10.1787/172102620474
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  • 47
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    L' assurance-maladie privée dans les pays de l'OCDE (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015661
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (265 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Le projet de l'OCDE sur la santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Private Health Insurance in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Krankenversicherung ; Privatversicherung
    Abstract: Ce rapport rend compte de la première analyse comparative jamais faite du rôle et de la performance de l’assurance-maladie privée dans les pays de l’OCDE. Cette analyse, axée sur les marchés de l’assurance-maladie privée, recense également les problèmes qui découlent de l’interdépendance de ces marchés avec les régimes publics. L’impact de l’assurance-maladie privée est évalué au regard des objectifs de politique de santé, une attention particulière étant accordée aux enjeux et aux avantages liés à la diversité des systèmes d’assurance. L’analyse détermine les atouts de l’assurance-maladie privée ainsi que les domaines où elle peut mettre en question les performances du système de santé. Le rapport montre comment les gouvernements peuvent faire en sorte que les marchés de l’assurance-maladie privée contribuent de façon positive à la performance des systèmes de santé. Sont également présentés des exemples de pratiques utiles dans le développement de marchés de l’assurance-maladie plus efficients et plus équitables.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015661-fr
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  • 48
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    Governance in the 21st Century (Korean version) (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014961
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance in the 21st Century
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance au XXIe siècle
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance im 21. Jahrhundert
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014961-ko
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  • 49
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    Alterung und Beschäftigungspolitik: Deutschland 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014060
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi; Germany 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Germany 2005
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Prinz, Christopher Alterung und Beschäftigungspolitik: Deutschland
    DDC: 331.120420943
    RVK:
    QV 220
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Deutschland ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: Der Bericht enthält Untersuchungen der wichtigsten Beschäftigungshindernisse für ältere Arbeitskräfte, eine Beurteilung der Eignung und Wirksamkeit der bestehenden Maßnahmen zur Beseitigung dieser Hindernisse sowie einen Katalog an Politikempfehlungen für weitere Aktionen seitens der zuständigen öffentlichen Stellen und der Sozialpartner.Angesichts der rasch fortschreitenden Bevölkerungsalterung und des Trends zum vorzeitigen Arbeitsmarktrückzug muss für bessere Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten für ältere Menschen gesorgt werden. Regierungen ebenso wie Unternehmen werden aktive Maßnahmen ergreifen müssen, um die Lohnfindungsmechanismen auf eine alternde Erwerbsbevölkerung abzustimmen, um zu verhindern, dass andere Sozialtransfersysteme als alternative Wege in die Frührente genutzt werden, um Altersdiskriminierung zu bekämpfen und um die Arbeitsplatzkompetenzen und Arbeitsbedingungen der älteren Arbeitskräfte zu verbessern.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014060-de
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  • 50
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    Estudios de la OCDE sobre los Sistemas de Salud : Mexico (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012424
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Health Systems; Mexico 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Mexico 2005
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012424-es
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  • 51
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    Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries in the Second Half of the 1990s (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.22
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report provides evidence on income distribution and poverty in 27 OECD countries over the second half of the 1990s, using data that correct for many of the features that limit cross-country and intertemporal comparisons in this field. Patterns for income distribution and relative poverty in the second half of the 1990s — a period of significant improvement in labour market conditions in most OECD countries — conform to many of the longer-term trends identified in previous OECD analysis, but also highlight some significant departures. Inequality in the distribution of household disposable income among the total population increased slightly over the second half of the 1990s, continuing the trend of the previous decade. Relative poverty, measured with respect to a threshold set at half of median income, affected in 2000 around 11% of the OECD population, with an increase since the mid-1990s that is similar to that of the previous decade. Absolute income poverty, which had declined ...
    DOI: 10.1787/882106484586
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  • 52
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    Labour Protection in China : Challenges Facing Labour Offices and Social Insurance (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.30
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: One of the key institutional outcomes of China’s economic reforms has been to create a new role for employers that is separate from the state, and allows enterprises to concentrate on their business. To protect workers, the government has set up public institutions for many social and administrative functions that until recently pertained to work units (danwei), or did not exist. This paper focuses on three such functions for which the 1994 Labour Law makes the government responsible: employment services, labour inspection and social insurance.
    DOI: 10.1787/325131488300
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  • 53
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    Apprentissage et réussite : Premiers résultats de l'Enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264010413
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (340 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning a Living; First Results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning a Living: First Results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: À partir de l’enquête sur la littératie et les compétences des adultes menée aux Bermudes, au Canada, en Italie, au Mexique (Nuevo Leon), en Norvège et aux États-Unis en 2003 et 2004, les premiers résultats présentés dans cet ouvrage jettent un nouvel éclairage sur le double processus d’acquisition et de perte de compétences des adultes. L’ouvrage débute par une explication des objectifs et de l’approche conceptuelle de l’enquête ainsi que par des profils comparés des compétences des adultes dans les pays participants. Il se poursuit par l’étude des liens existant entre éducation et compétences et formation des adultes et compétences. Les chapitres suivants présentent une comparaison de l’employabilité des jeunes et des plus âgés dans les pays participants, des compétences et des résultats économiques, des compétences et des technologies de l’information et des communications, des compétences et de l’immigration, des effets de l’éducation parentale sur les compétences et de l’influence des compétences sur la santé.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264010413-fr
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  • 54
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    Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 4) : Canada, Finlande, Royaume-Uni, Suède (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264009318
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 4); Canada, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 4): Canada, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Finland ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage analyse un large éventail de mesures existantes: les politiques de réforme des systèmes de fiscalité/prestations, les politiques de gestion des systèmes de garde des enfants, ainsi que les politiques de l’emploi et les pratiques professionnelles des entreprises. Il montre comment ces mesures orientent le comportement des parents sur le marché du travail actuel et à plus long terme et en quoi elles peuvent avoir des répercussions sur le développement de la famille. Ce volume traite du Canada (notamment de la Province de Québec), de la Finlande, du Royaume-Uni et de la Suède et analyse un large éventail de mesures des politiques en faveur de la réconciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie familiale dans les quatre pays en question. Cet ouvrage fait partie de la série Bébés et Employeurs parue en 2002 et qui concernait l’Australie, le Danemark, et les Pays-Bas ; suivi du second volume publié en 2003 sur l'Autriche, l'Irlande et le Japon, et du troisième volume publié en 2004 sur la Nouvelle-Zélande, le Portugal et la Suisse. Un rapport de synthèse paraîtra plus tard en 2005 : il présentera des indicateurs clés sur les politiques en faveur des familles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264009318-fr
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  • 55
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Australia 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264009721
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and employment policies: Australia
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Australien ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: Faced with rapid population ageing and unsustainable pension schemes, OECD countries are looking at ways to encourage labour market participation by older people. This book examines the the situation in Australia by looking at barriers to employment to older workers, assessing adequacy of measures to overcome these barriers, and making policy recommendations for improvement. This book is published in English only, but includes a French translation of the Executive Summary and Recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264009721-en
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  • 56
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    Welfare Reform in European Countries : A Microsimulation Analysis (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.28
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper estimates the welfare and distributional impact of two types of welfare reform in the 15 (pre-enlargement) member countries of the European Union. The reforms are revenue neutral and financed by an overall and uniform increase in marginal tax rates on earnings. The first reform distributes the additional tax revenue uniformly to everybody (traditional welfare) while the second reform distributes tax proceeds uniformly to workers only (in-work benefit). We build a simple model of labour supply encompassing responses to taxes and transfers along both the intensive and extensive margin. We then use EUROMOD to describe current welfare and tax systems in European Union countries and use calibrated labour supply elasticities along the intensive and extensive margins to analyze the effects of the two welfare reforms. We quantify the equity-efficiency trade-off for a range of elasticity parameters. In most countries, because of large existing welfare programmes with high phase-out rates, the uniform redistribution policy is undesirable unless the redistributive tastes of the government are extreme. The inwork benefit reform, on the other hand, is desirable in a very wide set of cases. We discuss the practical policy implications for European welfare policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/873766824646
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  • 57
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    Les soins de longue durée pour les personnes âgées (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015876
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Le projet de l'OCDE sur la santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Long-term Care for Older People; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Long-term Care for Older People
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Long-term Care for Older People: (Korean version)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Altenpflege ; Qualitätssteigerung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Cette étude rend compte des dernières évolutions des politiques en matière de soins de longue durée dans dix-neuf pays de l'OCDE : l'Allemagne, l'Australie, l'Autriche, le Canada, la Corée, l'Espagne, les États-Unis, la Hongrie, l'Irlande, le Japon, le Luxembourg, le Mexique, la Norvège, la Nouvelle-Zélande, les Pays-Bas, la Pologne, le Royaume-Uni, la Suède et la Suisse. Elle étudie les enseignements tirés de l'expérience des pays ayant engagé des réformes de grande ampleur au cours des dix dernières années. L'évolution des dépenses, des financements et du nombre des bénéficiaires des soins est analysée sur la base de données nouvelles concernant les différences observées d'un pays à l'autre. Une attention particulière est accordée aux programmes qui proposent diverses solutions aux consommateurs de ces services, et notamment aux prestations en espèces aux aidants naturels. Des profils concis des systèmes nationaux de soins de longue durée et un aperçu de la démographie et des conditions de vie des personnes âgées rendent plus accessible ce domaine politique complexe.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015876-fr
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  • 58
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    Technologies de la santé et prise de décision (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108394
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Le projet de l'OCDE sur la santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Health Technologies and Decision Making
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Medizintechnik ; Entscheidungsprozess
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage analyse les facteurs qui entravent ou au contraire facilitent la prise de décision fondée sur des données d’observation dans les systèmes de santé des pays de l'OCDE. L'ouvrage étudie comment les pays peuvent maîtriser les opportunités et les défis associés aux technologies dans le domaine de la santé. Il s’agit notamment d’optimiser la prise de décision, de reconnaître la valeur de l’innovation, de gérer l’incertitude, ou encore de promouvoir et de coordonner l’évaluation de ces technologies. Enfin, cette publication examine également la capacité des systèmes de santé à faire face aux défis particuliers que pose l’envolée des biotechnologies dans le domaine de la santé.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108394-fr
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  • 59
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    Net Social Expenditure, 2005 Edition : More Comprehensive Measures of Social Support (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 79 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.29
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This is the 2005 edition of a Net Social Expenditure paper that contains information on net (after tax) public and private social expenditure. These indicators supplement the detailed historical information on gross (before tax) publicly mandated social expenditure in the OECD Social Expenditure Database by accounting for the varying roles of voluntary private social spending and the tax system on social policy across OECD countries. Government intervention through the tax system affects social spending as governments levy direct taxes and social security contributions on cash transfers, and indirect taxes on goods and services bought by benefit recipients. In addition, governments may award tax advantages similar to cash benefits and/or grant tax concessions aiming to stimulate the provision of private social benefits. Through compulsion and tax relief public policy contributes to private pension plans, and such arrangements are generally considered within the social domain. This document refines the methodological framework previously developed per earlier editions of net social expenditure and presents indicators based on a common questionnaire for twenty-three OECD countries for which information on taxation of benefits in 2001 is now available: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Slovak Republic, Sweden, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. Accounting for the impact of the tax system and private social expenditure leads to a greater similarity in social expenditure to GDP ratios across countries and to a reassessment of the magnitude of welfare states. Usually, Denmark and Sweden are seen as the biggest social spenders. After accounting for the impact of taxation social expenditure to GDP ratios appear highest in France, Germany and Sweden.
    DOI: 10.1787/358663135802
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  • 60
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    Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies : France 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008472
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies
    Series Statement: Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi; France 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: France 2005
    DDC: 305
    RVK:
    QG 420
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Frankreich ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Anreizsystem ; Rentenversicherung
    Abstract: Pour faire face au vieillissement rapide de la population, il est nécessaire de promouvoir de meilleures opportunités d'emploi pour les travailleurs âgés. On a déjà beaucoup fait état du besoin de réformer les régimes de pension de retraite et de préretraite. Pourtant, cela ne sera sans doute pas suffisant en soi pour relever significativement les taux d'emploi des plus âgés ni pour réduire le risque futur de pénurie de travailleurs. Les autorités publiques et les entreprises doivent sans tarder prendre des mesures pour adapter la fixation des salaires à une main-d'œuvre plus âgée, pour s'attaquer aux discriminations du fait de l'âge et pour améliorer les qualifications et les conditions de travail des travailleurs âgés. Un changement d'attitude s'impose aussi de la part des individus quant au travail à un âge plus tardif et à l'acquisition de nouvelles compétences. On sait relativement peu de choses sur ce que les différents pays de l'OCDE sont en train de faire ou devraient faire dans ces domaines. Afin d'y remédier, l'OCDE a lancé une série de rapports dans une vingtaine de pays, dont la France. Chaque rapport national fait le tour des principales barrières qui existent concernant l'emploi des travailleurs âgés, évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des mesures existantes pour contrer ces barrières et présente une série de recommandations sur les politiques que les autorités publiques et les partenaires sociaux devraient mener. La version anglaise du résumé et des principales recommandations a été incluse dans ce volume. Dans la même série : Belgique Czech Republic Finland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Norway Spain Suisse Sweden United Kingdom
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008472-fr
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    Migration, Remittances and Development (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013896
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Migrations, transferts de fonds et développement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Migration, remittances and development
    RVK:
    QG 020
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Keywords: Rücküberweisungen ; Entwicklung ; Finanzsektor ; Entwicklungsländer ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift ; Migration ; Kapitalanlage ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: This publication presents the current situation with regard to the magnitude and economic impact of migrants’ remittances to their countries of origin. In 2004, remittances exceeded official development aid in several emigration countries: they totalled USD 126 billion according to IMF estimates. The book surveys the channels used to collect these funds; the role of banking systems and other financial institutions; the introduction of new technologies and their impact on fund collection; how the funds are transferred; and how to reduce the costs. Focus is also placed on the different ways in which migrants themselves participate -- together with non-governmental organisations, host countries and sending countries -- to open up new avenues for policies on development aid and co-development. The direct role that migrants can play at the local level is highlighted. Several countries and regions are illustrated: Southern European countries, Mexico, Turkey, North African and sub-Saharan African countries, the Philippines and some Latin American countries.
    Description / Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS; Executive Summary; Introduction: International Migrant Remittances and their Role in Development; Part I. FINANCIAL FLOWS GENERATED BY EMIGRATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; Chapter 1. Migrant Remittances and their Impact on Development in the Home Economies: The Case of Africa; Chapter 2. The Remittances of Moroccan Emigrants and their Usage; Chapter 3. Mexico: International Migration, Remittances and Development; Chapter 4. Migration, Remittances and their Impact on Economic Development in Turkey
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5. Migration Policies, Remittances and Economic Development in the Philippines; Part II. REMITTANCES AND FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS; Chapter 6. Principal Channels and Costs of Remittances: The Case of Turkey; Chapter 7. Western Union and the World Market for Remittances; Chapter 8. The MoneySend and MasterCard™ Services; Annex to Part II. Financial Infrastructures and Remittance via the Banking System and other Channels: The Cases of Portugal, Morocco, Latin America and the Caribbean; Part III. MACROECONOMIC IMPACT OF REMITTANCES
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 9. What is the Macroeconomic Impact of International Remittances on the Home Country?; Chapter 10. Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances; Chapter 11. Emigrants' Remittances - A Potentially Important Development Tool: The Case of Italy; Chapter 12. Remittances and Development: The Case of Greece; Chapter 13. Do International Migration and Remittances Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?; Part IV. RECENT INITIATIVES TO CHANNEL REMITTANCES TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT; Chapter 14. Social Learning as a Productive Project: The Tres por Uno (Three for One) Experience at Zacatecas, Mexico
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 15. Migration, Remittances and Economic Initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa; Chapter 16. "Migration and Development": A Non-governmental Organisation Involved in Co-development; Part V. REMITTANCES AND PROMOTION OF DEVELOPMENT: SOME PROPOSALS; Chapter 17. Incorporating Insights from Migration Research into Policy on Remittances; Chapter 18. Turning Remittances into Investments; Chapter 19. Motivating Migrants for Social and Economic Development in Mali and Senegal; Chapter 20. The Support of Non-governmental Organisations in the Collection of Remittances
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 21. Some Lessons from the Agence Française de Développement in the Field of Co-development; Conclusions;
    Description / Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS; Executive Summary; Introduction: International Migrant Remittances and their Role in Development; Part I. FINANCIAL FLOWS GENERATED BY EMIGRATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; Chapter 1. Migrant Remittances and their Impact on Development in the Home Economies: The Case of Africa; Chapter 2. The Remittances of Moroccan Emigrants and their Usage; Chapter 3. Mexico: International Migration, Remittances and Development; Chapter 4. Migration, Remittances and their Impact on Economic Development in Turkey
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 5. Migration Policies, Remittances and Economic Development in the PhilippinesPart II. REMITTANCES AND FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS; Chapter 6. Principal Channels and Costs of Remittances: The Case of Turkey; Chapter 7. Western Union and the World Market for Remittances; Chapter 8. The MoneySend and MasterCard™ Services; Annex to Part II. Financial Infrastructures and Remittance via the Banking System and other Channels: The Cases of Portugal, Morocco, Latin America and the Caribbean; Part III. MACROECONOMIC IMPACT OF REMITTANCES
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 9. What is the Macroeconomic Impact of International Remittances on the Home Country?Chapter 10. Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances; Chapter 11. Emigrants' Remittances - A Potentially Important Development Tool: The Case of Italy; Chapter 12. Remittances and Development: The Case of Greece; Chapter 13. Do International Migration and Remittances Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?; Part IV. RECENT INITIATIVES TO CHANNEL REMITTANCES TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT; Chapter 14. Social Learning as a Productive Project: The Tres por Uno (Three for One) Experience at Zacatecas, Mexico
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 15. Migration, Remittances and Economic Initiatives in Sub-Saharan AfricaChapter 16. "Migration and Development": A Non-governmental Organisation Involved in Co-development; Part V. REMITTANCES AND PROMOTION OF DEVELOPMENT: SOME PROPOSALS; Chapter 17. Incorporating Insights from Migration Research into Policy on Remittances; Chapter 18. Turning Remittances into Investments; Chapter 19. Motivating Migrants for Social and Economic Development in Mali and Senegal; Chapter 20. The Support of Non-governmental Organisations in the Collection of Remittances
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 21. Some Lessons from the Agence Française de Développement in the Field of Co-developmentConclusions;
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: International Migrant Remittances and their Role in Development / Thomas Straubhaar and Florin P. Vădeanpt. 1. Financial flows generated by emigration and their impact on regional development -- 1. Migrant Remittances and their Impact on Development in the Home Economies : The Case of Africa / Flore Gubert -- 2. The Remittances of Moroccan Emigrants and their Usage / Bachir Hamdouch -- 3. Mexico : International Migration, Remittances and Development / Rodolfo Garcia Zamora -- 4. Migration, Remittances and their Impact on Economic Development in Turkey / Ahmet Içduygu -- 5. Migration Policies, Remittances and Economic Development in the Philippines / Carmelita Dimzon -- pt. 2. Remittances and financial infrastructure : challenges and prospects -- 6. Principal Channels and Costs of Remittances: The Case of Turkey / Elif Köksal and Thomas Liebig -- 7. Western Union and the World Market for Remittances / Khalid Fellahi and Susana de Lima -- 8. The MoneySend and MasterCard Services / Olivier Denis -- Annex to Part II. Financial Infrastructures and Remittance via the Banking System and other Channels: The Cases of Portugal, Morocco, Latin America and the Caribbean / José Nascimento Ribeiro ... [et al.] -- pt. 3. Macroeconomic impact of remittances -- 9. What is the Macroeconomic Impact of International Remittances on the Home Country? / Jackline Wahba -- 10. Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances / Sena Eken -- 11. Emigrants' Remittances-- A Potentially Important Development Tool : The Case of Italy / Ricardo Settimo -- 12. Remittances and Development: The Case of Greece / Nicholas Glytsos -- 13. Do International Migration and Remittances Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries? / Richard Adams and John Page -- pt. 4. Recent initiatives to channel remittances towards development -- 14. Social Learning as a Productive Project : The Tres por Uno (Three for One) Experience at Zacatecas, Mexico / Natasha Iskander -- 15. Migration, Remittances and Economic Initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa / Babacar Sall -- 16. "Migration and Development" : A Non-governmental Organisation Involved in Co-development / Nadia Bentaleb and Jamal Lahoussein -- pt. 5. Remittances and promotion of development : some proposals -- 17. Incorporating Insights from Migration Research into Policy on Remittances / Jorgen Carling -- 18. Turning Remittances into Investments / Daniela Bobeva -- 19. Motivating Migrants for Social and Economic Development in Mali and Senegal / Mireille Raunet -- 20. The Support of Non-governmental Organisations in the Collection of Remittances / Jacques Ould Aoudia -- 21. Some Lessons from the Agence Française de Développement in the Field of Co-development / Guillaume Cruse -- Conclusions / Berglind Asgeirsdottir.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013896-en
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    Trends and Determinants of Fertility Rates : The Role of Policies (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 93 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.27
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report tries to explain observed changes in fertility rates across OECD countries, with an emphasis on socio-economic considerations. It aims to extend the understanding of fertility-related behaviours in different ways: first, by explaining recent developments in fertility rates and their relationships to other social drivers; second, by developing and testing new and expanded models to explain the cross-country variation in fertility rates due to labour markets, social and fiscal policies, and individual characteristics; third, by exploring which polices, through their effects on particular variables at micro and macro levels, have the biggest effect on fertility rates.
    DOI: 10.1787/880242325663
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  • 63
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    Skill-Mix and Policy Change in the Health Workforce : Nurses in Advanced Roles (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.17
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: An important potential contribution to the efficient use of the health workforce, is the possibility of ‘skill mix’ changes. ‘Skill mix’ is a relatively broad term which can refer to the mix of staff in the workforce or the demarcation of roles and activities among different categories of staff. Most of the policy attention on using skill-mix changes to improve health system performance has been on the mix between physicians and nurses. Skill-mix changes may involve a variety of developments including enhancement of skills among a particular group of staff, substitution1 between different groups, delegation up and down a unidiscipliniary ladder, and innovation in roles. Such changes may be driven by a variety of motives including service innovation, shortages of particular categories of worker (especially in inner cities or rural areas), quality improvement, and a desire to improve the cost- effectiveness of service delivery. There are large differences in reported physician/nurse ...
    DOI: 10.1787/743610272486
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  • 64
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    Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life (Volume 4) : Canada, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264009295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 4) ; Canada, Finlande, Royaume-Uni, Suède
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille (Volume 4) : Canada, Finlande, Royaume-Uni, Suède
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Babies and bosses ; Vol. 4: Canada, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Familie ; Familienpolitik ; Kinder ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Kanada ; Finnland ; Schweden ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Finland ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; Familienbeihilfe ; Eltern
    Abstract: This book considers how a wide range of policies, including tax/benefit policies, childcare policy, and employment and workplace practices help determine parental labour market outcomes and may impinge on family formation and ultimately the current and future labour supply. It covers Canada (in particular the province of Québec), Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom and also includes some options for policy reform towards a better reconciliation of work and family commitments in the four countries in question. Other Babies and Bosses volumes cover Australia, Denmark and the Netherlands, which was published in 2002; Austria, Ireland and Japan, which was published in 2003; and New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland; which was released in 2004. An overview issue that will include key indicators on family-friendly policies in all OECD countries will be released later in 2005.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264009295-en
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    OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Finland 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013834
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hurst, Jeremy Finland
    RVK:
    QX 765
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsreform ; Finnland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland ; Finnland ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This comprehensive review of the Finnish health care system evaluates financing, service provision, investment, governance, and insurance/payment schemes. Recent reforms are assessed and longer-term challenges such as those posed by technological change, a rapidly ageing population, and rising consumer expectations are evaluated. The review includes a series of recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013834-en
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  • 66
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: France 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies ; France 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies : France 2005
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sonnet, Anne Ageing and employment policies: France
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Frankreich ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Frankreich ; Älterer Mensch ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Soziale Sicherheit
    Abstract: In France, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will double to 58% by 2050. Without policy changes, this could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys of the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers. This report is published in English with a French translation of the Executive Summary and Recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008878-en
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: United States 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264009608
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Keese, Mark Ageing and employment policies: United States
    RVK:
    HD 370
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Ältere Menschen ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; USA ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; USA ; Älterer Mensch ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Soziale Sicherheit
    Abstract: In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. This report on the United States, part of a series of around 20 OECD country reports, examines the demographic and economic challenges facing social security as well as the scope for raising labour force participation of older workers. It also looks at barriers to retention and hiring of older workers and measures to improve employability including education and training. This report includes a series of recommendations and is based on the proceedings of a seminar. It is published in English only. "An excellent report putting retirement in an international perspective." -John Rother, AARP
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264009608-en
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Canada 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012455
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi/Ageing and Employment Policies ; Canada 2005
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tobin, Steven Ageing and employment policies: Canada
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Kanada ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada ; Kanada ; Älterer Mensch ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Soziale Sicherheit
    Abstract: In Canada, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will double to 45% by 2050. Without policy changes, this could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys of the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012455-en
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Netherlands 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (145 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sonnet, Anne Ageing and employment policies: Netherlands
    RVK:
    QX 840
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Niederlande ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: In the Netherlands, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will rise to 40% by 2050. Without policy changes, this could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys of the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers. This report is published in English with a French translation of the Executive Summary and Recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012097-en
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  • 70
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Austria 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264010093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Prinz, Christopher Ageing and employment policies: Austria
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Österreich ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Österreich ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: In Austria, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over to the working-age population will double to 30% by 2050. Without policy changes, this could lead to higher public expenditures, labour force shortages, and slower economic growth. This report surveys of the main barriers to employment for older workers, assesses of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers and presents a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners. It examines the balances between income support and work incentives, methods for encouraging employers to hire and retain workers, and policies for ensuring the employability of older workers. This report is published in English with a French translation of the Executive Summary and Recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264010093-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 71
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    Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi: Denmark 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264014169
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Andersson, Patrik Ageing and employment policies: Denmark
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Dänemark ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark ; Konferenzschrift ; Dänemark
    Abstract: This report, part of a series covering around 21 OECD countries, contains a survey of Denmark's main barriers to employment for older workers, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to overcome these barriers, and a set of policy recommendations to further action by public authorities and social partners. These recommendations are designed to alleviate some of the pension and health care pressures governments are facing because of ageing populations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264014169-en
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  • 72
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    Extending Opportunities : How Active Social Policy Can Benefit Us All (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264007956
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Accroître les chances de chacun ; Pour une politique sociale active au bénéfice de tous
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Extending opportunities
    DDC: 361.2509177
    RVK:
    QX 000
    Keywords: Sozialpolitik ; Jugendpolitik ; Seniorenpolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: Social policy is often disparaged as being a burden on society, but this book shows that well-designed social protection can be an asset that is critical for sustaining social development. To fulfill its potential, however, social protection now needs to recognise new needs of individuals and families, and new constraints on their functioning. Successful programmes will require new means to attain their goals, to leverage the initiatives of a broad range of actors, and to involve clients at every stage in the design and delivery of programmes. In examining these questions, this fact-filled report stresses the importance of shifting the focus of social programmes from insuring individuals against a few, well-defined contingencies towards investing in their capabilities and making use of them to the best of their potential at every stage of the life course. It also underscores the importance of broadening the roles played by individuals, employers and trade unions, as well as profit and not-for-profit providers of social services. The book opens with a comprehensive assessment of the situation in OECD countries, comparing levels of poverty, social isolation, and social spending and indicators such as fertility rates, divorce rates, and distribution of household types (single, single parents, couples without children, couples with children). In Part II of the book, issues relating to families and children are explored, with interesting data provided on gender gaps in employment and earnings, time spent by men and women on child care, maternity and parental leave, and family poverty. The third part of the book examines poverty among prime-aged persons and includes extensive information on social assistance and disability. The final part of the book examines social issues faced by older people and includes interesting information on employment of older people, effective ages of retirement in different countries, training of older employees, pensions, and long-term care.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264007956-en
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  • 73
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    Accroître les chances de chacun : Pour une politique sociale active au bénéfice de tous (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264007970
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Extending Opportunities; How Active Social Policy Can Benefit Us All
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La politique sociale est souvent dénigrée au motif qu’elle est un fardeau pour la société. On lui reproche également de saper l’esprit d’entreprise, de décourager le travail et l’épargne et de favoriser la dépendance à l’égard de l’État. Une politique sociale mal conçue peut effectivement avoir des effets négatifs, mais une politique sociale mal conçue n’est pas une fatalité. Nous disposons depuis quelques années d’un ensemble de plus en plus riche d’observations qui nous montre quels sont les programmes efficaces pour améliorer les conditions sociales et ceux qui ne le sont pas. Lorsqu’elle est bien conçue, la protection sociale n’est pas un lourd héritage du passé, mais un atout vital à l’appui du développement social. La protection sociale jouera d'ailleurs inévitablement un rôle croissant à l’avenir, étant donné que le progrès technologique, l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie et la mondialisation décuplent non seulement les opportunités offertes aux individus qui sont bien dotés en qualifications et en ressources, mais aussi les difficultés de ceux qui sont moins bien lotis. Toutefois, pour que la protection sociale tienne toutes ses promesses, il faut qu’elle anticipe les événements, afin de pouvoir relever les défis qui se dessinent en ce XXIe siècle, plutôt que de rechercher des solutions aux problèmes du passé. Il faut qu’elle soit consciente des nouveaux besoins des individus et des familles, ainsi que des nouvelles entraves à leur fonctionnement. Les programmes efficaces doivent bénéficier de nouveaux moyens pour atteindre leurs objectifs, démultiplier les initiatives d’une myriade d’acteurs et associer les bénéficiaires à tous les stades de leur conception et de leur réalisation. Dans l’analyse des réponses possibles à ces défis, cet ouvrage met en avant la notion de politiques sociales actives. Cette notion souligne l’importance de réorienter les priorités des programmes sociaux. Il s’agit moins d’assurer les individus contre un certain nombre d’aléas bien définis que d’investir dans leurs capacités et de leur permettre d’utiliser au mieux leur potentiel à tous les stades de l’existence. Pour cela, il faudra élargir les rôles joués par les individus, les employeurs et les syndicats, ainsi que par les prestataires de services sociaux à but lucratif et bénévoles dans le cadre d’un système de protection sociale plus ambitieux.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264007970-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 74
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    Migrations, transferts de fonds et développement (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013919
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (386 p.)
    Series Statement: Objectif développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Migration, Remittances and Development
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Cette publication présente l'état actuel des transferts de fonds des travailleurs immigrés vers leur pays d'origine, à savoir leur ordre de grandeur et leur influence économique. En 2004, les transferts de fonds ont dépassé le volume de l’aide publique au développement dans plusieurs pays d’émigration : ils ont atteint 126 milliards USD selon les estimations du FMI. Cet ouvrage examine les canaux utilisés pour la collecte de ces fonds, le rôle des systèmes bancaires et des autres institutions financières, l'introduction des nouvelles technologies et leur impact sur la collecte, l'acheminement des fonds transférés et la réduction des coûts. L'accent est mis aussi sur les différentes démarches participatives des migrants, des organisations non gouvernementales, des pays d'accueil et des pays d'origine. Celles-ci ont pour objet d'ouvrir des voies nouvelles aux politiques d'aide au développement, aux politiques publiques de co-développement et au rôle direct que les migrants peuvent jouer au niveau local. Plusieurs pays ou régions font l'objet d'une attention particulière : les pays d'Europe du Sud, le Mexique, la Turquie, les pays du Maghreb et d'Afrique sub-saharienne, les Philippines et certains pays d'Amérique latine.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013919-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 75
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    The "Enabling State?" from Public to Private Responsibility for Social Protection : Pathways and Pitfalls (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.26
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Policies designed to advance the march toward private financing and delivery of social services follow five main pathways. While some of these approaches to privatization are more direct and transparent than others, all may be pursued simultaneously. Three approaches concentrate on increasing private financing and the other two on increasing the production and delivery of goods and services by the private sector: • Encouragement through tax incentives • Requirements through fees for service • Mandating through legislation • Providing public benefits in the form of cash or vouchers • Purchase-of-service arrangements. Along each of these five paths the state plays a direct or indirect role in stimulating private financing or delivery of benefits in cash or kind. All social welfare benefits are to some degree subsidized or mandated by the state — in part it is the public intervention by fiscal or legal means that makes these benefits “social.” Some social goods and services may be more amenable to public or private provision than others. And traditional relations among government, business, and labour in different societies will certainly influence the preferred paths toward increased private responsibility. In treading the pathways toward privatization, the objective is not to find the shortest route, but to avoid the pitfalls along the way – and to chart a course that is not so focussed on economic efficiency that it loses sight of the public purpose of social protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/010142814842
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  • 76
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    Taxation, Ethnic Ties and the Location Choice of Highly Skilled Immigrants (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.24
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: With the emerging international competition to attract highly skilled migrants, the determinants of their choice of residential location are increasing in importance. Besides expected wages and job opportunities, the costs of migration and the subjective evaluation of a location, two other factors help determine the expected net return from migration: taxes and network effects. Yet empirical research on the effects of these two factors and their interaction on highly skilled migration is lacking. The aim of this paper is to throw some empirical light on the role of these two factors via a case study of Switzerland. For several reasons, Switzerland is a particularly interesting case study for this task. Tax rates are primarily determined at the local level and thus enough variation exists to analyse their influence on migration. Furthermore, in contrast to other European countries, Switzerland has pursued a fairly liberal immigration policy and maintains a unique permit system that has become increasingly skills-focused: more than 35% of all persons with a university degree resident in Switzerland are immigrants. Analysis of the 2000 Swiss census data provides evidence for fiscally-induced migration within Switzerland, particularly with respect to a location choice of highly skilled immigrants.
    DOI: 10.1787/523567425558
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  • 77
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    Can Parents Afford to Work? : Childcare Costs, Tax-Benefit Policies and Work Incentives (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 73 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.31
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Finding a suitable balance of work and family life is not an easy task for parents who face multiple, and potentially conflicting, demands. Childcare policies play a crucial role in helping parents reconcile care and employment-related tasks. But inconsistent or poorly implemented policies can also introduce additional barriers that make it harder for families to arrange and share their responsibilities according to their needs and preferences. This paper quantifies the net cost of purchasing centre-based childcare in OECD countries taking into account a wide range of influences on household budgets, including fees charged by childcare providers as well as childcare-related tax concessions and cash benefits available to parents. Building on these calculations, family resources are evaluated for different employment situations in order to assess the financial trade-offs between work and staying at home. Results are disaggregated to identify the policy features that present barriers to work for parents whose employment decisions are known to be particularly responsive to financial work incentives: lone parents and second earners with young children requiring care.
    DOI: 10.1787/312744260654
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  • 78
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    OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Mexico 2005 (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Health Systems
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios de la OCDE sobre los Sistemas de Salud ; Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios de la OCDE sobre los Sistemas de Salud : Mexico
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Oxley, Howard, 1944 - Mexico
    RVK:
    QX 795
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheitsreform ; Mexiko ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Gesundheitswesen
    Abstract: This book describes the strengths and weaknesses of the Mexican health system in terms of access to health care, quality of care, efficiency of supply of services and the financial sustainability of the system. The report also evaluates reforms to the system with particular emphasis on the recently-introduced System of Social Protection in Health ("Sistema de Protección Social en Salud") and assesses remaining policy challenges facing the Mexican Authorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008939-en
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