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  • 2000-2004  (563)
  • 1965-1969
  • 2001  (563)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (532)
  • Birmingham, AL, USA : EBSCO Industries, Inc.
Material
Years
  • 2000-2004  (563)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264193451
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (325 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Keywords: Governance ; Greece
    Abstract: OECD's review of Greece's regulatory reform. It finds that under the spur of intensifying European competition and seizing the opportunity of a stable political and macroeconomic environment, Greece has launched itself on the road to market liberalisation. This road, trod later in Greece than in most OECD countries, is necessary to fuel the sustainable economic growth that will create jobs and drive convergence with other European countries. Sustained and consistent reforms over the next few years will do much to bring Greek regulatory practices up to OECD good practices and build credibility for Greek reforms. Greece still suffers from the high costs of poor regulation in some areas and too little pro-market regulation in others, such as the liberalising utility sectors. Long traditions of political intervention and protection of economic actors will be difficult to reverse. The confluence of positive elements - growing consensus for reform, macroeconomic stability, and healthy economic growth - suggest that the next few years will be decisive years of reform in Greece. This Review presents an integrated assessment of regulatory reform in framework areas such as the quality of the public sector, competition policy and enforcement, and market openness. It also contains chapters on sectors such as telecommunications, electricity, domestic ferries and trucking, and an assessment of the macroeconomic context for reform. The policy recommendations present a balanced plan of action for both short and longer term based on best international regulatory practices.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264034815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Taxation ; Estonia
    Abstract: In accordance with decisions made by the FDI, the OECD has initiated surveys on fiscal decentralisation for the purpose of providing international comparisons on the design of fiscal systems across levels of government. The FDI is a joint initiative of the OECD, the World Bank, USAID, the Council of Europe, The Open Society Institute, UNDP and OECD Member countries to assist transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe in carrying out intergovernmental reforms. In 2000 the surveys took place in six countries: three OECD Member countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, and the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In "Fiscal Design Surveys across Levels of Government" OECD Tax Policy Studies, no 7, 2001, the overall concept of the surveys and the comparative results for the six countries are brought. The full country reports are available through www.OECD-iLibrary.org, and the internet site of the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, www.oecd.org/daf/fa
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264195738
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Norvège 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Norvège 2001
    Keywords: Environment ; Norway
    Abstract: This review of Norway's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264193635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compte satellite du tourisme ; recommandations concernant le cadre conceptuel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compte satellite du tourisme : recommandations concernant le cadre conceptuel
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Presents recommendations for the design of the tourism satellite account that was established by an inter-secretariat working group that included the United Nations Statistics Division, with the participation of the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Tourism Organisation. These three bodies will promote the implementation of the recommendations in their member countries. The recommendations were approved by the Statistical Commission at its thirty-first session in 2000.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264188693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger ; La République tchèque 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger : La République tchèque 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of the Czech Republic's foreign direct investment policies and programmes. It finds that the Czech Republic entered the transition process with a strong industrial heritage and an extensive, but obsolete infrastructure showing the effects of over 40 years of central planning. Throughout the nineties, the extensive reforms undertaken have helped reintegrate the Czech Republic into the global economy through measures such as privatisation and the creation of a favourable and liberal investment climate which has led to a surge in FDI in recent years in particular. The Czech Republic became a Member of the OECD in 1995. The Czech government is committed to addressing the need for further industrial restructuring and to completing the privatisation process which has played a key role in the transformation of the Czech economy and in attracting FDI. With this process virtually completed, the Czech Republic now has the challenge of sustaining FDI inflows in the future through further greenfield projects and reinvestments and improving backward linkages to domestic companies. This review charts the development of FDI in the Czech Republic and evaluates its role in the transition process, assessing the degree of openness of the economy to foreign direct investors.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Edition: 2001 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives territoriales de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This first edition of the OECD Territorial Outlook examines policy developments in the areas of urban, rural and regional affairs in OECD countries. It explains why territorial policies matter and shows how diverse OECD countries can be. It examines such issues as sustainable development, metropolitan governance, and such policy devices as business incubators and enterprise clusters. The book closes with a survey of territorial policy trends in 15 OECD countries. Data are provided for geographic distribution of population and income per capita by region for OECD countries.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264192478
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Lettonie 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Lettonie 2001
    Keywords: Education ; Latvia
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of Latvia's education policies and programmes. It finds that reform of education, training and human resource development is an integral part of the transition to a democratic society and market economy. Latvia has made progress in all these areas since reform began in 1990. The challenge for the Ministry of Education and Science has been to promote and support changes that meet the needs of the new economy and society as well as the interests of all young people and adults, in the face of a shortage of financial and human resources. This book first gives a brief overview of regional issues and a history of education in Latvia and describes the development of education in the country since the political changes. It then presents an analysis of the entire education system and identifies key directions for the reinforcement of the reforms in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students under very dynamic conditions. It concludes with a set of key recommendations of goals of education, learning effectiveness, outcomes and the curriculum, management and governance for flexibility, responsiveness and change, and resources and financing.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264193260
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Mesure du Capital -- Manuel de l'OCDE ; La mesure des stocks de capital, de la consommation de capital fixe et des services du capital
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Mesure du Capital -- Manuel de l'OCDE : La mesure des stocks de capital, de la consommation de capital fixe et des services du capital
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This Manual clarifies the conceptual issues concerning stocks and flows of fixed capital and provides practical guidelines for estimation. The Manual also deals with the definition and measurement of "capital services" which measure the contribution of capital assets into the production process. The Manual thus provides a link with the OECD Manual on Productivity Measurement.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264189454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Islande 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Islande 2001
    Keywords: Environment ; Iceland
    Abstract: This review of Iceland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264195905
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Connaissances et compétences ; des atouts pour la vie ; Premiers résultats de PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lernen für das Leben; Erste Ergebnisse von PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conocimientos y aptitudes para la vida ; Primeros resultados del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Estudiantes (PISA) 2000 de la OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Connaissances et compétences : des atouts pour la vie : Premiers résultats de PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lernen für das Leben: Erste Ergebnisse von PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conocimientos y aptitudes para la vida : Primeros resultados del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Estudiantes (PISA) 2000 de la OCDE
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Knowledge and Skills for Life assesses how far students near the end of compulsory education (15-year-olds) have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. It presents evidence on student performance in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy, reveals factors that influence the development of these skills at home and at school, and examines what the implications are for policy development. The report shows considerable variation in levels of knowledge and skills between students, schools and countries. The extent to which the socio-economic background of students and schools affects student performance varies. Some countries have managed to mitigate the influence of social background and some have done that while achieving a high overall mean performance. A Winner of the 2001 Awards for Notable Government Documents conferred by the American Library Association/Library Journal
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264194519
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE ; Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual; Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE : Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Measuring Productivity Manual is the first comprehensive guide to the various productivity measures aimed at statisticians, researchers and analysts involved in constructing industry-level productivity indicators. This Manual presents the theoretical foundations to productivity measurement, and discusses implementation and measurement issues. The text is accompanied by empirical examples from OECD countries and by numerical examples to enhance its readability. The Manual also offers a brief discussion of the interpretation and use of productivity measures.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264034792
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Keywords: Taxation ; Latvia
    Abstract: In accordance with decisions made by the FDI, the OECD has initiated surveys on fiscal decentralisation for the purpose of providing international comparisons on the design of fiscal systems across levels of government. The FDI is a joint initiative of the OECD, the World Bank, USAID, the Council of Europe, The Open Society Institute, UNDP and OECD Member countries to assist transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe in carrying out intergovernmental reforms. In 2000 the surveys took place in six countries: three OECD Member countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, and the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In "Fiscal Design Surveys across Levels of Government" OECD Tax Policy Studies, no 7, 2001, the overall concept of the surveys and the comparative results for the six countries are brought. The full country reports are available through www.OECD-iLibrary.org, and the internet site of the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, www.oecd.org/daf/fa
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Australia
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2001 review of Australia's energy policies and programmes. It finds that Australia is rich in low-cost energy resources, especially coal. The country exports large amounts of coal, liquefied natural gas and uranium to the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. This contributes to international availability and security of energy supply. Efforts are under way to increase LNG exports and to make Australian coal even more competitive. For most of the past decade, Australia has been at the forefront of energy market liberalisation. Following liberalisation by individual states in the early 1990s, the competitive National Electricity Market was established in 1998. The NEM integrates markets across the eastern and south-eastern states. The benefits have been considerable: strong competition, significant price reductions and consumer choice. Gas market reform has been under way since 1997 and is beginning to yield the first benefits. More work is needed to complete the reform process. In the power market, this includes open access for all consumers and providing efficient price signals for interconnection. The Australian government spends almost A$ 1 billion on climate change mitigation programmes. Many of these programmes are market-oriented, including a mandatory certificates trading system.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Environment ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltindikator
    Abstract: Organised by issues such as climate change, air pollution, biodiversity, waste or water resources, this publication includes key environmental indicators endorsed by OECD Environment Ministers and the broader OECD Core Set of environmental indicators. It contributes to measuring environmental performance and progress towards sustainable development.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264034846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (61 p)
    Keywords: Taxation ; Poland
    Abstract: In accordance with decisions made by the FDI, the OECD has initiated surveys on fiscal decentralisation for the purpose of providing international comparisons on the design of fiscal systems across levels of government. The FDI is a joint initiative of the OECD, the World Bank, USAID, the Council of Europe, The Open Society Institute, UNDP and OECD Member countries to assist transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe in carrying out intergovernmental reforms. In 2000 the surveys took place in six countries: three OECD Member countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, and the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In "Fiscal Design Surveys across Levels of Government" OECD Tax Policy Studies, no 7, 2001, the overall concept of the surveys and the comparative results for the six countries are brought. The full country reports are available through www.OECD-iLibrary.org, and the internet site of the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, www.oecd.org/daf/fa
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: As an input to Korea's efforts to revise the country's development strategy, the OECD and the World Bank have prepared a joint review of the challenges confronting Korea in its transition to a knowledge-based economy. The report proposes a four-pronged framework which will empower Korea to effectively tap into technology advances and the growing stock of knowledge: 1. An economic and institutional regime that provides incentives for the efficient use of existing knowledge, for the creation of new knowledge, for the dismantling of obsolete activities and for the start-up of more efficient new ones. 2. An educated and entrepreneurial population that can both create and use new knowledge. 3. A dynamic information infrastructure that can facilitate effective communication, dissemination and processing of information. 4. An efficient innovation system comprising firms, science and research centers, universities, think tanks, consultants and other organizations that can interact and tap into the growing stock of global knowledge; assimilate and adapt it to local needs; and use it to create new knowledge and technology. The report addresses additional challenges with respect to the development of knowledge-based activities, and of setting up an overall framework for the design and implementation of more consistent policies conducive to the knowledge-based economy.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.3
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les impôts sur les compagnies d'assurance
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This study examines the difficult task of applying income taxation to the life and property and casualty insurance industries. Particularly in the case of life insurance, OECD countries have pursued a variety of methods to try to tax the income arising in insurance companies. This study analyses the policy and technical problems that arise in designing an effective means of income taxation. In addition to outlining the general approaches used by OECD countries in this area, the authors have drawn upon their extensive practical experience in designing a tax system for the insurance industry in their home country. Based on this experience, they have addressed the major policy questions faced by tax policy-makers in this area and included a critical analysis of the various technical issues which arise in turning theory into practice.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.2
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This book provides a description of private pension systems in selected OECD countries as well as information on administrative costs and related policy issues.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264189393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Confidence in models of radionuclide transport for site-specific assessments
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Mexico ; United States ; Radionuklid ; Ausbreitung ; Geosphäre
    Abstract: GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste.Performance assessment of proposed waste disposal sites requires models of radionuclide transport through the geosphere. To be used in repository planning and development, these models must have the confidence of both national waste management programmes and the wider scientific community. The fourth GEOTRAP workshop, "Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Performance Assessment" held in June 1999, addressed the issue of technical confidence building and provided an overview of current developments in this field. Proposed approaches to confidence building and approaches that have already proven successful were presented and discussed. In addition to the material presented during the workshop, this publication includes a technical synthesis reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264193130
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: Over the last 50 years particle accelerators have evolved from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continue to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to investigating the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use particle accelerators for material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. These workshop proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluating advancements and discussing further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (452 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This conference proceedings examines private pension reform in OECD countries, covering regulatory and supervisory issues, benefits, and system structure and coverage.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264193086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Gas generation and migration in radioactive waste disposal
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Endlagerung ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Gastransport ; Migration ; Hochradioaktiver Abfall ; Endlager ; Gas ; Mineralchemie ; Unterirdisches Bauwerk ; Barriere ; Umweltgeochemie ; Umweltgeologie
    Abstract: In underground repositories for radioactive waste, significant quantities of gases may be generated as a result of several processes. The potential impact of gas generation, accumulation and migration on the performances of the various barriers and, ultimately, on the long-term safety of a repository, should therefore be assessed in the development of safety cases for underground repositories. It was in this context that the EC and the NEA organised a workshop on "Gas Generation, Accumulation and Migration in Underground Repository Systems for Radioactive Waste: Safety-relevant Issues" in Reims, France on 26-28 June 2000. This book includes the texts of the invited presentations, the reports of the deliberations held in the five working groups, as well as the main conclusions of the workshop.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fiscalité et économie ; Analyse comparative des pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: This study draws on recent tax policy experience in a selection of OECD countries to provide an analysis of important current tax policy issues in a number of areas: corporate income tax; personal income tax and social security contributions; consumption tax; property and wealth taxes; devolving expenditure and taxing power; tax administration and enforcement. Taxation is inevitable in modern economies to finance public spending, which is aimed at meeting fundamental economic and social objectives. However, efficiency losses associated with taxation need to be taken into account when the cost and benefits of public expenditure to be funded are being assessed. The public perception of the fairness of tax systems, the practical enforceability of tax rules and the cost arising from compliance are other important considerations. Against this backdrop, the OECD has reviewed in the past two years the tax systems of a number of Member countries in its periodical Economic Surveys. The analysis and policy recommendations emerging from these reviews may provide some useful lessons for other OECD countries, and these are pulled together in this paper.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264194847
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (476 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: High power proton accelerators are being studied for their potential use in the transmutation of nuclear waste. The Second Workshop on Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators, organised by the NEA Nuclear Science Committee, placed special emphasis on accelerator-driven system (ADS) concepts comprising a sub-critical reactor coupled with a high power accelerator. The information provided in these proceedings will primarily be of interest to scientists working on accelerator-driven systems, but also to those involved in the construction of high power accelerators.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.311
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The degree of integration and openness of OECD economies has consistently increased throughout most of the past three decades. By limiting the influence of non-economic factors, and reducing heterogeneity in economic systems, increased integration and openness enhance the emergence of common patterns of adjustment to economic shocks among countries. This paper focuses on the demand and price elasticity of manufacturing import volumes in OECD countries, examining if the long-run adjustment of the volume of manufacturing imports to demand and price shocks is similar across countries. The results indicate that the percentage long-run adjustment of manufacturing import volumes to a demand shock is similar across the majority of OECD countries. The adjustment of manufacturing import volumes to relative price shocks are more heterogeneous, although it is possible to identify clusters of countries showing similar responses. The estimated short and long-run demand elasticities are ...
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.287
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper looks at patterns of regulation in service industries and explores their implications for service performance. Focusing on restrictions to market mechanisms, a map of the state of service regulation in OECD countries is provided, based on data recently collected and summarised by the OECD. The paper also surveys the available cross-country empirical evidence on the effects of regulatory reform on service productivity, prices and innovation. Finally, it discusses ways in which regulation can encourage competition, efficiency and investment in those segments of the service industries where non-competitive elements persist. The main conclusions reached are: i) in the past two decades OECD governments extensively reformed regulatory environments in both competitive and network service industries, generally making them closer to market mechanisms; ii) however due to differences in initial conditions and in the pace of reform, within each service industry the dispersion of ...
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.47
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Health systems in OECD countries are under pressure to improve their performance. Against that background, this paper has three main aims: To compare concepts of the ‘performance’ of health care systems developed by the WHO and by the OECD, with ‘performance frameworks’ adopted in selected OECD countries. To compare the key indicators of performance derived from these proposed performance concepts. A secondary objective, here, is to try to identify new performance variables that might eventually be included in OECD Health Data. To compare and contrast the different performance management arrangements in the selected OECD countries, and to evaluate the extent to which there is evidence that new indicators and new institutions have been brought together successfully to improve performance itself. In order to achieve these aims, the paper reviews the performance frameworks and some of the performance indicators adopted recently by WHO, OECD, Australia, Canada, the UK and ...
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.305
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides new projections on the fiscal impact of age-related spending for OECD countries over the next half century. These results are based on national models using an agreed upon set of assumptions about macroeconomic and demographic developments for all countries. Recent reforms to pension systems have partly offset the impact on spending of an increasingly elderly population, and there has been a major improvement in the underlying fiscal situation in the 1990s. However, further age-related spending (including old age pensions, health and spending associated with children) is still projected to increase on average around 6 to 7 per cent of GDP over the projection period. This calls for maintaining the reform effort and intensifying it in several countries, if fiscal sustainability is to be maintained ...
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.301
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: The tax-to-GDP ratio rose steadily in most EU countries up to the late 1990s, largely reflecting a sustained expansion of public sector commitments to welfare provision. Since the late 1990s, many EU countries have cut tax rates. However, the tax burden in the EU area remains much higher than in most other economies. The tax mix is also different, with high tax wedges on labour and a stronger reliance on consumption and environmentally-related taxes. Recent measures targeted at lowering the tax burden on labour, in particular at the lower end of the income scale, have had promising results in terms of employment growth, showing how tax design is an important influence on countries’ performances. While there is not much room for cutting taxes significantly without downsizing public spending, further rebalancing the tax burden away from labour could contribute to better employment performance. Greater reliance on property taxes, which are low by international standards, could be ...
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.276
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: This document analyses German environmental policies, including, among others, discussion of air and water quality policy, use of the waste management hierarchy approach and of voluntary agreements. The German public has been highly sensitive to environmental concerns, leading to many policy initiatives in this area since the early 1980s. Significant environmental improvements have been achieved, using an approach frequently based on detailed regulations, often developed with the close involvement of industry and even individual polluters. There has developed a tendency to relieve some of the heaviest polluters from the most stringent regulation, on the grounds of competitiveness concerns, and some polluting activities receive considerable direct or indirect subsidies; these policies will increasingly make it unnecessarily expensive to meet environmental targets. Objectives need to be defined more clearly and consistently and a less discriminatory approach to taxation and ...
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293427
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Italy 2001
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: Le développement économique italien a été caractérisé par des disparités régionales marquées, en particulier entre le Centre-Nord et le Sud. Aujourd’hui, l’Italie présente l’un des dualismes géographiques les plus considérables parmi les pays Membres de l’OCDE. Dans les régions du Sud, malgré d’importants signes de dynamisme ces dernières années, le taux de chômage est toujours quatre fois plus élevé qu’au Centre-Nord. La dotation en infrastructures du Sud reste bien inférieure à la moyenne nationale et le crime organisé constitue encore un obstacle majeur à l’investissement et au développement endogène. Le pays a récemment initié de pertinentes et prometteuses améliorations de sa gouvernance territoriale destinées à créer un cadre favorable au développement des économies locales situées dans des zones déprimées. De nouveaux instruments ont été développés pour le Mezzogiorno (sud de l’Italie), qui parient sur un processus impliquant tous les acteurs et tous les niveaux de gouvernement dans les phases stratégiques de conception, de mise en œuvre et d’évaluation des politiques territoriales. L’examen décrit ces innovations politiques et identifie les principaux défis auxquels le pays devra faire face pour atteindre un développement territorial plus équilibré et mettre en marche un nouveau processus de convergence. L’Examen territorial de l’Italie est intégré dans un programme plus large d’examens territoriaux nationaux et régionaux entrepris par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif de la série d’examens territoriaux est de fournir des conseils de politique pratiques aux gouvernements.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264196223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le cycle du combustible nucléaire ; Aspects économiques, environnementaux et sociaux
    Keywords: Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The role of nuclear energy in a sustainable development context has multiple facets, a significant number of which relate to the nuclear fuel cycle. This report provides a description of the developments and trends in the nuclear fuel cycle that may improve the competitiveness and sustainability of nuclear generating systems over the medium and long term. It also presents criteria and indicators for future nuclear energy systems. Prepared by experts from the nuclear industry, government agencies and research organisations, this report will be of interest to those involved in nuclear energy policy and decision making.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188402
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Impôt sur les sociétés et investissement direct étranger ; L'utilisation d'incitations fiscales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report examines the currently highly topical issue of corporate tax incentives for foreign direct investment (FDI). The ability to offer an internationally competitive tax system is increasingly seen today as a determinative factor influencing FDI. With corporate income tax identified as the component that impacts most directly on multinational companies, much of the pressure for lowering host country tax burdens to attract capital is focused upon this tax. At the same time, corporate taxation plays an important withholding function, raising revenues on domestic-source income that might otherwise escape the tax net. The desire to tax this income while not discouraging foreign investors raises critical questions concerning the sensitivity of FDI to taxation and the appropriate setting of various tax provisions that determine the host country tax burden and influence investment and financing behaviour. This report considers various corporate tax measures to encourage FDI and a range of issues relevant to assessing their use. Given the central question of how much additional investment can be expected from tax relief and at what cost, the report summarises recent empirical findings which show increasing sensitivity of FDI to host country tax burdens, consistent with trends towards increasing globalisation of production. Other findings are considered which highlight tax-planning opportunities created by certain approaches, leading to unintended revenue leakage. The report emphasises the need to assess possible host and home country tax interactions which can influence tax incentive results, and more generally the need to look beyond what conventional economic analysis might suggest. While the report is intended primarily as a guide for policy makers in emerging market economies, it may serve as a reference document to tax policy analysts more generally
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Schooling for Tomorrow
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quel avenir pour nos écoles ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: What will schools look like in the future? What big trends are most influential in shaping education and how might these unfold in coming years? What policy questions need to be tackled today to open up desirable pathways into the future? These ambitious questions are addressed in What Schools for the Future?, a publication produced by the OECD's Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI). Drawing on an extensive international body of statistical and research evidence, the book analyses the social, economic, and educational trends of the 21st century. It also presents six possible scenarios for school systems over the next 10-20 years. The analysis is completed by contributions from eight international experts, looking with different perspectives at the challenges facing schools today and tomorrow.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.184
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Latin America has long had the most unequally distributed income in the world because of land ownership patterns, development and education policies and demography, which have swelled the supply of unskilled labour and demand for skilled workers, leading to widening inequality. Import substitution produced high growth but also high inequality and led to a debt crisis. But globalisation reforms in the 1990s did not reduce inequality and sometimes increased it. Now, because of poor export performance, the priority is the tricky problem of how to boost the growth rate. The aim should be to absorb as much of the region’s excess of unskilled labour as possible, especially through construction and agriculture. Growth with equity should also focus on supporting and investing in backward regions. But the long-term key is education, which will narrow skill differentials, reduce inequality and increase the growth rate ...
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  • 36
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2001/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Multifunctional Digital Centre: A Concept for Developing Countries in the Electronic Age
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’enseignement supérieur doit faire face à de multiples problèmes à l’aube du nouveau millénaire, et ces problèmes sont particulièrement aigus dans les pays en développement, où il doit poursuivre sa croissance alors que le financement de l’État diminue et que les défis paraissent de plus en plus difficiles à relever dans le domaine de la technologie, de l’accès et du maintien de la qualité. L’idée du « centre numérique multifonctionnel » (CNM) est une solution remarquable pour certains des problèmes que rencontre l’enseignement supérieur dans les pays en développement, et elle peut aussi intéresser les nations industrialisées.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.299
    Keywords: Economics ; Poland
    Abstract: This paper reviews several aspects of Poland’s environmental policies. Its main finding is that substantial progress has been made in dealing with the environmentally unfriendly legacy from the past. Poland has successfully combined emission permits based on environmental quality standards, emission fees and fines, public environmental subsidy schemes and widely publicised lists of the worst polluters. Other important factors of success were long-term time consistency, gradual tightening of enforcement and limited administrative discretion. Poland is now embarking on a fundamental revision of its instrument mix in order to respond to new environmental challenges typical of market economies, and to comply with the European Union environmental Directives. In this context, the challenge is to formulate a medium-term strategy that is both environmentally effective and market friendly. Pending legislative amendments, however, may not always live up to this challenge. New instruments ...
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.309
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia
    Abstract: This document analyses aspects of natural resource and environmental policies in Australia, focusing on water resource management, salinity and climate change mitigation. The state and central governments have not made use of their taxation powers in these domains. The cap-and-trade system for water rights in the Murray Darling basin aims at better integration of economic and environmental reform. Still higher benefits could be reaped from trading if the various restrictions on trade were lifted, and if water pricing reform were accelerated in rural areas, so as to reflect economic and environmental costs. The rules for allocating flows for the environment also need to be clarified. To address dryland salinity, more co-ordination between the States and the Commonwealth is needed, for example to avoid the contradiction inherent in subsidising revegetation programmes while at the same time authorising further land clearing. Economic instruments could be used for intermediate ...
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264034808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Keywords: Taxation ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: In accordance with decisions made by the FDI, the OECD has initiated surveys on fiscal decentralisation for the purpose of providing international comparisons on the design of fiscal systems across levels of government. The FDI is a joint initiative of the OECD, the World Bank, USAID, the Council of Europe, The Open Society Institute, UNDP and OECD Member countries to assist transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe in carrying out intergovernmental reforms. In 2000 the surveys took place in six countries: three OECD Member countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, and the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In "Fiscal Design Surveys across Levels of Government" OECD Tax Policy Studies, no 7, 2001, the overall concept of the surveys and the comparative results for the six countries are brought.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282122808
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.113
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Land Access to Sea Ports
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Land Access to Sea Ports
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Seehafen ; Verkehrsanbindung
    Abstract: Au cours des dernières années, le transport intercontinental a connu une véritable révolution : l’expansion considérable de la conteneurisation, le développement des mégatransporteurs, des navires porte-conteneurs toujours plus gros et la massification des flux en sont autant de signes tangibles. Ces changements se sont traduits par un abaissement considérable des coûts du transport maritime qui a rendu les pays lointains beaucoup plus accessibles. Le transport terrestre est donc souvent devenu le maillon le plus onéreux de la chaîne de transport en trafic international, d'où la pression croissante des armateurs pour contrôler ce secteur d'activité. Sur terre, la route reste dominante, mais face à la congestion des infrastructures, le rail et la voie d’eau peuvent jouer un rôle. Dans quelles conditions ces deux derniers modes peuvent-ils prendre une part plus importante dans les transports terrestres ? Il faut savoir que faute d'un réseau spécifiquement dédié au fret, le rail ne peut pas vraiment être compétitif tandis que la navigation fluviale ne pourra jouer un rôle significatif que si elle parvient à diminuer ses coûts de transbordement. Une plus grande concurrence au sein de ces deux modes de transport ne pourrait-elle engendrer des gains de productivité et de qualité de service ? La Table Ronde a permis d'aborder l’ensemble des questions relatives à la compétitivité des modes de transport terrestre en dégageant des lignes directrices pour l’action des pouvoirs publics en matière de desserte des ports maritimes.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789282122839
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.115
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Road Freight Transport for Own Account in Europe
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Road Freight Transport for Own Account in Europe
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Straßengüterverkehr
    Abstract: Le transport routier de marchandises pour compte propre assure une part importante des transports terrestres en Europe. En tonnages transportés, son activité représente, selon les pays européens, entre deux et cinq fois celle des transports ferroviaires. Pourtant, le transport pour compte propre ne retient guère l'attention et il n'est même pas considéré comme relevant du domaine de la logistique. Or, il assume une fonction essentielle dans le domaine du transport et connaît une profonde mutation du fait de la tendance croissante des entreprises à confier leurs envois à des transporteurs professionnels plutôt qu'à les effectuer elles-mêmes. Comprendre l’importance des transports routiers de marchandises pour compte propre, analyser les conséquences des évolutions réglementaires qui ont marqué ce domaine d’activité et mieux appréhender son avenir, tel fut l’objet des rapports introductifs et du débat entre experts que cette publication retrace.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282122853
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.116
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport of Waste Products
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Transport of Waste Products
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Abfall ; Transport ; Abfall ; Transport
    Abstract: Le traitement des déchets est appelé à s'accroître, car le volume de ces déchets est étroitement dépendant de la croissance économique. Le transport de déchets constitue donc un enjeu majeur pour l'avenir. Plusieurs questions se posent à cet égard. Faut-il renforcer la réglementation relative à ces transports et en revoir les modalités d'application ? Le principe de proximité pour le traitement des déchets, intégré dans cette réglementation au nom de la protection de l'environnement, ne doit-il pas être remis en cause, ce principe de proximité empêchant une massification des flux qui serait favorable aux modes de transport les plus écologiques ? Le bilan environnemental des transports de déchets ne saurait être établi que dans le cadre d'une approche globale intégrant l'ensemble des filières de traitement de ces déchets. Il faut en effet se méfier des fausses bonnes idées, telles que "le transport de déchets doit être limité" ou " le recyclage est la meilleure solution". La suppression des décharges ou le retraitement pourraient accroître sensiblement les transports de déchets. La Table Ronde reprend ces points en examinant successivement, à partir de l'expérience des différents pays, les évolutions du secteur des transports de déchets et les problèmes statistiques rencontrés pour les appréhender, la réglementation applicable à ces transports et leur bilan environnemental, en insistant tout particulièrement sur les difficultés engendrées par la répartition modale actuelle de ces transports.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264192935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Using thermodynamic sorption models for guiding radioelement distribution coefficient (Kd) investigations
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Konferenzschrift ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Sicherheitsanalyse ; Entsorgung
    Abstract: A general consensus has been reached among technical experts that high-level radioactive waste can safely be disposed of in deep geological repositories. Safety studies are carried out to evaluate the overall capacity of a particular disposal site to confine waste and minimise radioactive releases. Since the principal way in which radioactive elements might eventually reach the biosphere is by transport of dissolved radionuclides in groundwater, the safety study calculations must be able to estimate their rate of transfer through each of the barriers surrounding the repository. It is well known that, for many radioelements, sorption reactions can lead to a reduction of the amount of radionuclides present in the solution phase. How best to take radionuclide sorption reactions into account in repository performance assessment models is the subject of this book.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264193154
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Regulation
    Keywords: Governance ; Nuclear Energy ; France
    Abstract: Good governance and efficiency in decision making by governmental authorities are increasingly dependent upon mutual trust and confidence between those authorities and the public. This workshop provided an opportunity to exchange information and views on how national nuclear regulatory organisations can improve their interface with the public.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264193192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Nuclear production of hydrogen
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; France ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Kerntechnik ; Wasserstofferzeugung
    Abstract: Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable energy source in the 21st century. However, hydrogen does not exist as a gas on earth and thus has to be produced from, for example, water or natural gas by different separation techniques. One way to do so would be to use nuclear-produced energy or heat in this separation process. The present publication gives an overview of the advancements in the scientific and technological fields related to the nuclear production of hydrogen.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195714
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Schooling for Tomorrow
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les nouvelles technologies à l'école ; Apprendre à changer
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Los Desafíos de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en la Educación
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Enormous investments are being made in computers and Internet connectivity for schools. The aim is to provide high-quality learning and teaching and equip young people for the knowledge society. But how are the benefits of this educational investment to be realised? It calls for much more than installing the hardware, and is not simply a matter of using ICT to do traditional things in different ways. Schools have to learn to change and to change to new ways of learning. There is an urgent need for quality software and digital materials for use in schools. Teachers - and students - must become discerning and knowledgeable ICT users. The school environment has to be fully supportive of ICT, making available expert assistance and advice to the teacher in this rapidly-changing field. New forms of curriculum and assessment are called for, new ways of organising schools, if the dramatic educational potential of ICT is to be delivered and realised. Such a demanding "learning to change" agenda is the subject of this international report. It is illuminated by the views of individual students, who used ICT enthusiastically in their own learning, and shared their experiences in an OECD international network. The report looks at the vast educational possibilities arising from the Internet, bringing together the school, the home and the wider community. It examines how ICT, which is the subject of teacher professional development, can largely be the means for its delivery. There are numerous examples of promising practice and principles for the future.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264192782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: It has been widely recognised among researchers that speciation data are essential for proper and reliable modelling of radionuclide behaviour, which is studied inter alia in the context of radioactive waste management. Participants at the OECD/NEA workshop on "Evaluation of Speciation Technology" reviewed the various techniques used to identify different species of actinide and fission product elements present in nuclear waste and nuclear reprocessing streams. The review takes into account the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the various methods in relation to their field of application. Recommendations for future R&D are also provided. These proceedings will primarily be of interest to chemists specialised in separation techniques and radioactive waste management experts.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This publication provides an in-depth analysis of the main features of insurance regulation and supervision in OECD countries, as well as of two major trends in insurance markets and regulation: liberalisation and financial convergence. It responds to major concerns of economic, political and social actors in the insurance market and will constitute a unique reference work for regulatory and supervisory authorities in emerging economies as well as in OECD countries.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2001/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le tournant d'Amsterdam : Comment évolue la conception de l'école et pourquoi les dix années à venir ont tant d'importance
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Bruce Jilk is an architect and educational planner at KKE Architects in Minneapolis, Minnesota (United States). Jilk was chair at the American Institute of Architects’ (AIA) November 2000 conference in Amsterdam (Netherlands), where he introduced the conference on “Innovative Alternatives in Learning Environments,” as a watershed event; he anticipates the period from 2000 to 2010 to be a crucial decade for educational planning.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 74 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Economics ; Greece
    Abstract: For many years Greece has not made a systematic effort to redesign the whole tax system. Changes to taxation have been made in a piecemeal fashion, and many of them have led to a complex and non-transparent system, characterised by narrow bases and fairly high rates. There has also been a general lack of strong and uniform tax enforcement. Despite the considerable progress, in recent years, in broadening the tax base and improving tax compliance as well as administration, more needs to be done to enhance efficiency and equity and the overall performance of the tax system. To this end the government has indicated that it plans to introduce wide-ranging measures in 2002. The evidence, reviewed in this paper, suggests that the main priorities for reform should include: further improving transparency and reliability of the tax system including the abolition of the practice of tax amnesties and bank secrecy fo tax purposes; eliminating the strong bias in favour of the self-employed and ...
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2001/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Architecture scolaire et pilotage des établissements : Trois cas concrets en France
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: What link can be established between successful teaching and learning, and school design? Three examples of large-scale school construction and renovation projects in France may go some way towards answering this question.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264065758
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD retningslinjer for forbrukervern ved elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendação do conselho relativa às linhas directrizes que regem A protecção dos consumidores no contexto do comércio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Swedish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Retningslinier for forbrugerbeskyttelse i forbindelse med elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Leitlinien für den Verbraucherschutz im Zusammenhang mit dem elektronischen Geschäftsverkehrs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendación del consejo de la ocde relativa a los lineamientos para la protección al consumidor en el contexto del comercio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida per la tutela dei consumatori nel contesto del Commercio Elettronico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Richtlijnen ter bescherming van consumenten in het kader van de Elektronische handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce are designed to help ensure that consumers are no less protected when shopping on line than they are when they buy from their local store or order from a catalogue. By setting out the core characteristics of effective consumer protection for online business-to-consumer transactions, the Guidelines are intended to help eliminate some of the uncertainties that both consumers and businesses encounter when buying and selling on line. The Guidelines reflect existing legal protections available to consumers in more traditional forms of commerce. Their aim is to encourage: - fair business, advertising and marketing practices; - clear information about an online business’s identity, the goods or services it offers and the terms and conditions of any transaction; - a transparent process for the confirmation of transactions; - secure payment mechanisms; - fair, timely and affordable dispute resolution and redress; - privacy protection; and - consumer and business education.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.187
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Developing economies have to balance globalisation’s benefits and costs. Increased competition can lead to better distribution and productivity but benefits are not shared equally because some sectors or regions grow faster than others. In Southeast Asia, rapid economic growth has reduced inequality and poverty, but these trends have now gone into reverse. How can we ensure globalisation does minimal social damage? It is not clear how globalisation affects growth, equity and poverty, but growth affects equity and vice-versa. What is needed to reduce poverty and inequality are sound macroeconomic conditions, good governance, investment in rural areas to narrow the urban-rural growth gap, flexible labour markets, stronger institutions for provision of social services and greater access to education. More democracy will increase pressure for such measures as part of general investment in physical infrastructure, human resources and the environment ...
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2001/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Impact of Time on the Design of Learning Environments
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Cet article est un compte rendu de l’atelier de travail sur le Temps organisé dans le cadre de la conférence internationale « Des environnements pédagogiques novateurs » qui s’est tenue en novembre 2000. Ce compte rendu, rédigé par Prakash Nair, expert américain en installations et techniques scolaires, bénéficie fortement de la contribution de Hans F. Van Aalst, co-dirigeant de l’atelier de travail, et de tous les participants concernés.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.57
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Internet is providing firms with new ways to conduct business and exchange and communicate information and ideas. In doing so, it is enabling companies to improve efficiency and develop novel ways to co-ordinate activities. Internal firm organisation and relations with employees and shareholders, for example, are being affected, as are the external relationships that firms have with suppliers, customers, competitors and other parties. Some of the changes that are occurring were explored in the report to OECD Ministers on The New Economy: Beyond the Hype (OECD, 2001a). The report concludes that the Internet and related advances in information and communication technology (ICT) are transforming economic activity, much as the steam engine, railways and electricity did in the past. They have done so by providing a catalyst for change in business – helping to spur improvements in work organisation through reductions in routine transaction costs and rationalisation of supply chains, while spawning value-generating networks.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2001/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Dépenses d'investissement et résultats des élèves : Une analyse réalisée par le Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The United Kingdom’s Department for Education and Skills commissioned a major study to examine the relationship between capital investment in schools and subsequent academic attainment. In particular, a key objective of the study was to establish, if possible, the additional effect in terms of pupil attainment of every GBP 1 invested in schools capital.
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  • 57
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2001/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Design and Management: Three Examples from France
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: Quelles relations peut-on mettre en évidence entre réussite pédagogique et éducative d’une part, et architecture scolaire d’autre part ? Trois exemples en France de construction ou de rénovation architecturale d’ampleur serviront à illustrer les éléments de réponse que l’on peut tenter d’apporter à cette question.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195868
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'apprentissage tout au long de la vie ; aspects économiques et financiers
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Humankapital ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: Learning is an essential basis for progress in the 'knowledge society'; it is critical for economic growth and social welfare. OECD Member countries have committed themselves to making lifelong learning a reality for all. But the resources required to meet that goal are potentially large and countries differ in their capacity to generate them. Can OECD Member countries rise to this challenge? This report seeks to provide some answers by identifying and examining the economic and financial issues that arise in implementing the goal, and the strategies that the public and private sectors are pursuing to achieve it. It deals with issues such as individual learning accounts, recognition of non-formal learning, and measures to raise rates of return to lifelong learning. The report is intended to provide a basis for continued in-depth discussion by public authorities and the social partners. It aims to inspire future actions that ensure that lifelong learning serves as a sustainable and equitable strategy for human development.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264294998
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion de l'uranium appauvri
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Large stocks of depleted uranium have arisen as a result of enrichment operations, especially in the United States and the Russian Federation. Countries with depleted uranium stocks are interested in assessing strategies for the use and management of depleted uranium. The choice of strategy depends on several factors, including government and business policy, alternative uses available, the economic value of the material, regulatory aspects and disposal options, and international market developments in the nuclear fuel cycle. This report presents the results of a depleted uranium study conducted by an expert group organised jointly by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It contains information on current inventories of depleted uranium, potential future arisings, long-term management alternatives, peaceful use options and country programmes. In addition, it explores ideas for international collaboration and identifies key issues for governments and policy makers to consider.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2001/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This study investigates the long-term effects of various types of R&D on multifactor productivity growth, which is the spillover effect of R&D. Econometric estimates are conducted on a panel of 16 OECD countries, over the period 1980-98. All results are averages over countries and time, and little can be said about country specificities. Major results are as follows: an increase of 1% in business R&D generates 0.13% in productivity growth. The effect is larger in countries which are intensive in business R&D, and in countries where the share of defence-related government funding is lower; a 1% increase in foreign R&D generates 0.44% in productivity growth, and the effect is larger in countries intensive in business R&D; 1% more in public R&D generates 0.17% in productivity growth. The effect is larger in countries where the share of universities (as opposed to government labs) is higher, in countries where the share of defence is lower, and in countries which are intensive in business ...
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The term "digital divide" refers to the gap between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard to their opportunities to access information and communication technologies (ICTs).
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264033818
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation et l'efficacité de l'aide n 1 - Conseils pour l'évaluation de l'aide humanitaire apportée dans les situations d'urgence complexes
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Evaluation is a key tool in improving the quality and effectiveness of development co-operation. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Working Party in Aid Evaluation is the only international forum where bilateral and multilateral evaluation experts meet regularly. Its Members meet to improve evaluation practice and to learn lessons from development co-operation activities and experiences. A series "Evaluation and Aid Effectiveness" was launched to share selected pieces of work with a broader public. This Guidance is aimed at those involved in the commissioning, design and management of evaluations of humanitarian assistance programmes principally within donor organisations but is also likely to be of use to UN agencies, NGOs and other organisations involved in the provision of humanitarian assistance. It is not intended as an exhaustive guide as specialised texts are available, but to complement the existing DAC Principles on Aid Evaluation by highlighting those areas which require special attention, the nature of the activities undertaken and the multi-actor, highly interconnected system by which the international community provides humanitarian assistance. The print version of the above report is available free of charge from the Development Co-operation Directorate; please send an email to dac.contactoecd.org to get a copy.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.290
    Keywords: Economics ; Canada
    Abstract: This paper analyses aspects of natural resource policy and environmental policy in Canada. In the taxation of resource-based activities, the management of water supply and the Atlantic fisheries management, the paper finds that there are incentives that may lead to overexploitation, over-harvesting or over-use, with possible harmful environmental consequences. Water prices are kept low, especially for agricultural use, exacerbating water availability problems in some areas, whereas the ban on bulk water removal and exports reveals a high implicit valuation of water. The use of economic water pricing and transferable water rights in some areas would establish more consistent incentives. The evolution of the crisis in the Atlantic fisheries illustrated the problems of balancing short-term adjustment costs against long-term sustainability. A more precautionary approach in setting total allowable catches and the removal of incentives for labour to remain in the sector may ...
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  • 64
    Language: French
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2001/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Amsterdam Watershed: How School Design is Changing and Why the Next Ten Years are Critical
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Bruce Jilk est architecte et spécialiste de la planification de l’éducation chez KKE Architects, à Minneapolis (Minnesota), aux États-Unis. Jilk a présidé la conférence de l’Institut américain des architectes (AIA), tenue à Amsterdam en novembre 2000. Il y a présenté le thème principal de la conférence « Des environnements pédagogiques novateurs », qui a fait de cette réunion un événement marquant ; il prévoit que les années de 2000 à 2010 constitueront une décennie décisive pour la planification de l’éducation.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2001/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le centre numérique multifonctionnel : Un concept pour les pays en développement dans la nouvelle ère électronique
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Higher education faces multiple problems in the new millennium, and these are especially acute in developing countries, where expansion is taking place at the same time that state financing is declining and the challenges of technology, access and the maintenance of quality loom ever larger. The idea of the multifunctional digital centre (MDC) provides an important solution to some of the problems faced by higher education in developing countries and has lessons for industrialised nations as well.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.298
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: During the first two years of monetary union, the euro's weakness surprised most market participants. Explanations proliferated ranging from fundamentals such as differences in growth prospects to psychological factors such as herd behaviour, but no single story fully accounts for the observed exchange rate path. Based on an eclectic approach, this paper offers an empirical analysis showing that terms-of-trade and saving/investment behaviour seem to have driven the euro exchange rate over the medium and longer run. While such econometric estimates ought to be interpreted with due care, they do support the view that towards the end of 2000, the euro was significantly undervalued ...
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.306
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: One of the OECD Economic Department’s key vehicles for analysing effects and international spillovers of macroeconomic policy as well as assessing risks to the global outlook is the macroeconometric model, INTERLINK. In the context of the Department’s regular projection exercises the model performs a variety of functions. These include 1) contributing to the construction and co-ordination of individual country projections; 2) the production of globally consistent trade projections; and 3) simulations to explore the short- to medium-term consequences of alternative economic conditions and policy assumptions. This paper briefly describes the main features of the current version of INTERLINK and presents the results of a number of standard macroeconomic shocks. These simulation results reflect the combination of unadjusted model properties and the specific stylised policy assumptions made. In the course of more routine policy analysis with the model at the OECD, these are augmented by ...
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264065789
    Language: Polish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Richtlijnen ter bescherming van consumenten in het kader van de Elektronische handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD retningslinjer for forbrukervern ved elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendação do conselho relativa às linhas directrizes que regem A protecção dos consumidores no contexto do comércio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Swedish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Retningslinier for forbrugerbeskyttelse i forbindelse med elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Leitlinien für den Verbraucherschutz im Zusammenhang mit dem elektronischen Geschäftsverkehrs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendación del consejo de la ocde relativa a los lineamientos para la protección al consumidor en el contexto del comercio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida per la tutela dei consumatori nel contesto del Commercio Elettronico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce are designed to help ensure that consumers are no less protected when shopping on line than they are when they buy from their local store or order from a catalogue. By setting out the core characteristics of effective consumer protection for online business-to-consumer transactions, the Guidelines are intended to help eliminate some of the uncertainties that both consumers and businesses encounter when buying and selling on line. The Guidelines reflect existing legal protections available to consumers in more traditional forms of commerce. Their aim is to encourage: - fair business, advertising and marketing practices; - clear information about an online business’s identity, the goods or services it offers and the terms and conditions of any transaction; - a transparent process for the confirmation of transactions; - secure payment mechanisms; - fair, timely and affordable dispute resolution and redress; - privacy protection; and - consumer and business education.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Where are the resources for lifelong learning?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Slovénie 2001
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T.: Where are the resources for lifelong learning?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE: Slovénie 2001
    DDC: 374
    RVK:
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Bildungsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Continuing education ; Agriculture and Food ; Slovenia ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsökonomie
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of Slovenia's agricultural policies. It finds that successful macroeconomic recovery and major progress towards international integration marked Slovenia’s first decade of independence. This should have a positive impact on the domestic agro-food sector, prompting the shift of human and financial resources into more competitive areas and driving down production costs. With EU membership fast approaching and commitments to WTO and CEFTA to be upheld, Slovenia needs to limit price-distorting policies in the agro-food sector and to focus on structural adjustment, especially to reduce farm fragmentation, enlarge the commercially viable farm sector, and restructure and modernise the food industry. Given the high importance of rural areas in Slovenia, an effective rural diversification strategy targeted to generate off-farm incomes for rural people is vital to support the progress towards a more market-oriented agriculture. The Review analyses developments since Slovenia gained independence in 1991. It evaluates key structural issues, examines emerging policy developments and provides detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). For those involved in central and eastern European agriculture and agro-food policies, markets and trade, the Review offers unique information and analysis. Policy makers, businesses and researchers will find it an indispensable reference for years to come.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789282122785
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.114
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regular Interurban Coach Services in Europe
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Regular Interurban Coach Services in Europe
    Keywords: Transport ; Europäische Union ; Regionalverkehr
    Abstract: Alors que la déréglementation est largement à l’oeuvre dans le secteur des transports, les services réguliers de lignes d'autocars demeurent très réglementés. Ces services apparaissent en effet aux yeux des pouvoirs publics comme un concurrent potentiel des chemins de fer. Pourtant, dans les pays où une déréglementation des services d'autocars a été tentée, le bilan est incontestablement positif (sauf pour les transports locaux à courte distance).La Table Ronde a cherché à faire le point sur les services réguliers interurbains par autocars à partir d’exemples de pays qui ont suivi des approches originales. Cette publication permet de voir ce type d'activité sous un jour entièrement nouveau. Il en ressort notamment que le transport de lignes par autocars constitue un marché spécifique pour une clientèle qui ne dispose pas de moyens de transport alternatifs. Ouvrir ce marché bénéficierait aux populations les plus défavorisées. Mais ce n’est pas la seule leçon de cette Table Ronde.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288393
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.3
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.3
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxing Insurance Companies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Taxing Insurance Companies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Steuer
    Abstract: Cette publication fait partie d’une série d’études de politique fiscale réalisées par la Division des affaires fiscales de l’OCDE. Elle examine la difficile question de l’imposition des bénéfices dans le secteur de l’assurance vie et de l’assurance dommages. Dans le cas particulier de l’assurance vie, les pays de l’OCDE ont utilisé diverses méthodes pour s’efforcer d’imposer les revenus générés par les compagnies d’assurance. Cette étude analyse les problèmes politiques et techniques qui se posent lors de la détermination d’un mode d’imposition efficace des bénéfices. Les auteurs exposent tout d’abord les approches d’ensemble adoptées par les pays de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Leur analyse met en lumière la vaste expérience pratique qu’ont acquise ces pays lors de l’élaboration du régime fiscal de leur secteur des assurances. Ils traitent ensuite des principales questions de fond auxquelles doivent faire face les décideurs et procèdent à une analyse critique des différents problèmes techniques que pose le passage de la théorie à la pratique.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (137 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Documents SIGMA no.32
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Financial Management and Control of Public Agencies
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Tous les États membres de l’UE et les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale utilisent des agences de diverses formes et tailles dans le cadre de leur système d’administration publique. Les formes juridiques varient considérablement d’un pays à l’autre selon la tradition juridique et le système d’administration. Les agences publiques, si elles sont correctement conçues et gérées, présentent un moyen de décentraliser l’administration publique, d’obtenir une plus grande transparence dans le fonctionnement du gouvernement et d’améliorer l’efficience et l’efficacité des prestations de service public aux usagers. Les agences peuvent ainsi servir à des fins bénéfiques économiquement et socialement, et sont en effet parfois employées comme tremplin vers des options plus radicales, par exemple la privatisation de services publics. Cependant, les agences peuvent également être exploitées à des fins en infraction des principes de bonne gouvernance et de gestion financière saine. Elles peuvent être source d’inefficacité, de dépenses non réglementées et dissimulées, de favoritisme politique et de corruption...
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.279
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews the role of house prices in influencing private consumption and residential investment in OECD countries. Deregulation of the mortgage markets in most OECD countries since the 1970s has made it easier for households to borrow for current consumption on the basis of their housing wealth, and the easing of borrowing constraints has often been accompanied by sizeable withdrawal of housing equity. The analysis presented in the paper and a review of existing empirical work for the major OECD countries suggest that house prices have a significant positive impact on private consumption through wealth effects and/or an easing of liquidity constraints. House prices also influence the profitability of house building, and in many countries there is a close association between profitability of house construction and private residential investment. A corollary of these results is that residential property prices can be useful indicators of demand pressures in the economy ...
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les perspectives commerciales entre le Nigeria et ses voisins
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Trade ; Nigeria
    Abstract: Economic integration in West Africa is a major political objective for all the States in the region and is supported by the main economic players in the region. The weight of Nigeria -- which accounts for 50% of the regional economy -- the many constraints to formal trade, linguistic barriers, these all raise as many hopes as fears among the economic players in neighbouring countries with respect to their future relations with this powerful neighbour. Prospects for Trade between Nigeria and its Neighbours, a study undertaken by the Laboratoire d’Analyse Regional et d’Expertise Sociale (LARES) in Cotonou, commissioned by the Club du Sahel, examines the issues. It describes the still largely informal trade in the region, analysing constraints to its growth and some possible future developments. Presented as a series of concise, well documented "fact sheets", this study will be of interest to those in both public and private spheres who believe that regional trade development is a necessary response to globalisation. Prospects for Trade between Nigeria and its Neighbours has formed the basis of a workshop organised by the Club du Sahel and the West African Enterprise Network for English and French entrepreneurs in December 2000 in Cotonou, Benin.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193062
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Responsabilité des entreprises ; Initiatives privées et objectifs publics
    DDC: 658.4/08
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Private initiatives for corporate responsibility have been a major development in international management over the last twenty years. The initiatives include issuance of codes of business conduct, implementation of management systems and broader efforts to improve business accountability. Yet, there is little agreement about what these initiatives mean or how effective they are. OECD research on private initiatives sheds light on various aspects of the corporate responsibility movement: what are firms and business associations doing? How have governments influenced the initiatives? What contributions, if any, have these initiatives made to improving the business sector’s ability to comply with law and regulation and to respond to broader societal expectations?
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195752
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Dezentralisation ; Globalisierung ; Internationalisierung ; Governance
    Abstract: This book sets out a vision of devolved economic development policies capable of responding to the challenges of globalisation. The key features in this vision are flexible and networked institutions and local strategies emphasising entrepreneurship, human capital and social cohesion. Based on the proceedings of the OECD-Scottish Enterprise Glasgow conference, this publication examines how city and region governments and development agencies need to use their devolved powers to respond to globalisation. Trends and challenges are discussed and examples drawn from across the OECD. They address how cities and regions can develop strategies to assure their competitiveness in the globalising economy and how they can help counteract the negative effects of globalisation on marginalised people and places. Devolution is more than just a transfer of power, it is also a new spirit of co-operation and networking between different levels of government and their civil society partners. Brought together at the level of cities and regions, they can apply some promising development tools, for example for strengthening enterprise clusters, promoting training for a knowledge economy and regenerating distressed areas.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264192607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (504 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 336.39
    Keywords: Governance ; Osteuropa ; Öffentliche Ausgaben
    Abstract: Managing Public Expenditure presents a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of all aspects of public expenditure management from the preparation of the budget to the execution, control and audit stages. The book will be of general interest but is focused particularly on the needs of countries in transition, especially those in Central and Eastern Europe that seek to become members of the European Union. The book provides practical, operational information and guidance on all areas of public expenditure management, e.g. legal and institutional frameworks, preparation of the budget, implementation, cash management, performance management, accounting, financial information and reporting systems, internal control and internal audit, and external audit. Each part of the book ends with key points and directions for reform. The detailed questionnaire will help practitioners to identify the strong and weak elements in their budget systems so that they can take necessary remedial action. Managing Public Expenditure ends with a comprehensive glossary, bibliography and index. Richard Allen is an economist and spent most of his career at HM Treasury (the British Ministry of Finance), working mainly in the areas of fiscal policy, EU affairs, public expenditure management and international finance. He has also served as a diplomat in Washington DC and as a board member of the European Investment Bank. He was head of the budget and resource allocation team of the SIGMA Programme and is now adviser on governance at the Asian Development Bank. Daniel Tommasi is a Paris-based consultant in the the areas of fiscal policy, public expenditure management and macroeconomic management. He is an adviser to governments and a consultant for international organisations, including the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and the European Union's Phare and Tacis Programmes. He has worked for over 25 years in some 30 countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, the Pacific and Africa.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les taxes liées à l'environnement dans les pays de l'OCDE ; Problèmes et stratégies
    DDC: 336.2/783337/09177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltsteuer
    Abstract: It is now widely recognised that a greater use of market based instruments is a key element of effective and economically efficient environmental policies, and an important framework condition for sustainable development. Hence, over the last decade, economic instruments have been playing a growing role in environmental policies of OECD countries. In this context, a distinctive feature is the increasing role of environmentally related taxes. All countries have introduced environmental taxes to a varying extent, and an increasing number of countries are implementing comprehensive green-tax reforms, while others are contemplating doing so. This report analyses current use of environmentally related taxes in OECD Member countries. Focus is given to their environmental effectiveness. The report identifies obstacles to a broader use of such taxes -- in particular the fear of loss of sectoral competitiveness -- and ways to overcome such problems.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.45
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In recent years, the decline in average annual hours of work per person in employment, which can be traced back for over a century, has slowed. In some countries, there has even been an increase in the average annual hours per person employed. In countries where continuing falls can be observed, this can be traced to legal action (for example, France, Japan and Portugal) or to particularly vigorous negotiation between the social partners (for example, Germany and the Netherlands). The United States and Sweden both show an increase in average annual hours, in the first case due partly to an increase in overtime hours, in the second to an increase in the hours worked by part-time workers. For the European countries, the paper shows how the pattern of change in weekly working hours can be linked, inter alia, to the institutional arrangements applying in the different countries. Part-time working has both exerted downward pressure on average working hours and been an important ...
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.56
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: There is much interest in the Japanese health care system from the perspective of other OECD countries. The Japanese health care system appears to perform well. What explains this apparently good performance? This paper aims both to provide a description of how the Japanese health system works and an assessment of its performance in the context of an international comparison. The Japanese health care system is characterised by public health insurance with mainly private providers. Japan has universal public health insurance with coverage of a comprehensive range of services and only modest cost sharing by patients. It has mainly private providers paid mainly by fee-for-service. The share of its population that is elderly is above the OECD average. Such a combination would usually be associated with high levels of health expenditure. Yet less is spent on health care in Japan than would be expected for an OECD country with its standard of living. Cost containment seems to have been ...
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 88 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.303
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Taxation is inevitable in modern economies to finance public spending, which is aimed at meeting fundamental economic and social objectives. However, efficiency losses associated with taxation need to be taken into account when the cost and benefits of public expenditure to be funded are being assessed. The public perception of the fairness of tax systems, the practical enforceability of tax rules and the cost arising from compliance are other important considerations. Against this backdrop, the OECD has reviewed in the past two years the tax systems of a number of Member countries in its periodical Economic Surveys. The analysis and policy recommendations emerging from these reviews may provide some useful lessons for other OECD countries, and these are pulled together in this paper ...
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264034785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Keywords: Taxation ; Lithuania
    Abstract: In accordance with decisions made by the FDI, the OECD has initiated surveys on fiscal decentralisation for the purpose of providing international comparisons on the design of fiscal systems across levels of government. The FDI is a joint initiative of the OECD, the World Bank, USAID, the Council of Europe, The Open Society Institute, UNDP and OECD Member countries to assist transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe in carrying out intergovernmental reforms. In 2000 the surveys took place in six countries: three OECD Member countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, and the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In "Fiscal Design Surveys across Levels of Government" OECD Tax Policy Studies, no 7, 2001, the overall concept of the surveys and the comparative results for the six countries are brought. The full country reports are available through the OECD iLibrary, www.OECD-iLibrary.org, and the internet site of the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, www.oecd.org/daf/fa
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288362
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Slovenia 2001
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Slovenia
    Abstract: Les dix premières années d'indépendance de la Slovénie ont été marquées par un réel redressement économique et une progression notable de son intégration internationale. Le secteur agro-alimentaire national devrait logiquement en bénéficier, ce qui accélèrerait le transfert de ressources humaines et financières vers des domaines plus compétitifs et contribuerait à faire baisser les coûts de production. Avec la perspective de son adhésion prochaine à l'UE et compte tenu de ses engagements auprès de l'OMC et de l'ALEEC (qu'elle devra tenir), la Slovénie doit impérativement limiter les mesures ayant pour conséquence de fausser les prix dans le secteur agro-alimentaire, et privilégier l'ajustement structurel, en particulier en réduisant le morcellement des exploitations, en étendant le secteur agricole commercialement viable, et en restructurant et modernisant l'industrie alimentaire. Étant donné l'importance considérable des zones rurales en Slovénie, il est essentiel d'adopter une stratégie efficace de diversification capable de générer des revenus non agricoles pour les populations rurales, afin de soutenir le processus de transition vers une agriculture davantage fondée sur les mécanismes du marché. Cette étude analyse les évolutions qu'a connues la Slovénie depuis son accession à l'indépendance en 1991. Elle évalue les principaux problèmes structurels, examine les tendances qui se dessinent au niveau de l'action des pouvoirs publics et fournit des estimations détaillées du soutien à l'agriculture en utilisant les indicateurs mis au point par l'OCDE (ESP et ESC). Cet ouvrage offre des informations et une analyse précieuses pour tous ceux qui s'intéressent aux politiques, aux marchés et aux échanges agricoles et agro-alimentaires des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale. Il s'imposera par ailleurs comme une référence indispensable pour les décideurs, les chefs d'entreprise et les chercheurs. Examens des politiques agricoles déjà parus : Bulgarie (2000) Roumanie (2000) Fédération de Russie (1998) République slovaque (1997) Estonie (1996) Lettonie (1996) Lituanie (1996) République tchèque (1995) Pologne (1995) Hongrie (1994) Cette publication s'inscrit dans le cadre de la coopération engagée par l'OCDE avec les économies non membres.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289956
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Teruel, Spain 2001
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain
    Abstract: L’examen territorial de la région de Teruel fait partie d’un vaste programme d’examens territoriaux réalisés à l’échelle nationale et régionale par le Comité des politiques de développement territorial de l’OCDE. Cette série d'examens à pour objectif général de donner aux pouvoirs publics des conseils pratiques sur les mesures à prendre. En venant compléter l’analyse statistique et l’analyse comparative des méthodes et des instruments disponibles, ces examens régionaux jouent un rôle fondamental. L’étude de certains types de pays et de régions (zones urbaines, intermédiaires, rurales) offre des exemples concrets de défis à relever et de réponses possibles. La province de Teruel est une région rurale reculée du nord-est de l’Espagne, partie du pays qui est elle-même d’un grand dynamisme. Elle constitue un exemple typique, voire extrême, de région reculée à faible densité de population, dont la base économique pose de graves problèmes et qui ne peut guère compter que sur ses propres atouts pour son développement économique. Cet ouvrage montre surtout que les importantes ressources naturelles et culturelles de la région peuvent contribuer de manière essentielle à une stratégie de développement intégré résolument tournée vers l’avenir.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192508
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Architecture et apprentissage ; 55 établissements d'enseignement exemplaires
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This book is a compilation devoted to high quality school and university buildings from 21 countries. Full-colour photographs and plans illustrate the 55 educational facilities selected by an international jury in recognition of their forward-looking response to the changing environment of teaching and learning. Readers will also find an overview of activities of the OECD Programme on Educational Building in the context of lifelong learning, carried out in collaboration with other organisations specialised in teaching, research and resource management.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195561
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des citoyens partenaires ; Information, consultation et participation à la formulation des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners (Serbo-croate version); Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Staat ; Bürger ; Politische Beteiligung
    Abstract: Governments are in a crisis of identity, some would say legitimacy, with election turnouts low in many OECD countries and a widespread feeling of disenchantment among citizens with government and the democratic process. Can governments do something to change this? Certainly, doing nothing is not an answer. What every country needs is more transparency, more consultation and more participation. This book is a unique source of comparative information on this challenging subject. It examines a wide range of country experiences, offers examples of good practice, highlights innovative approaches and identifies promising tools (including new information technologies). A set of ten guiding principles for engaging citizens in policy-making is proposed.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288690
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Czech Republic 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: La République tchèque a abordé le processus de transition avec un héritage solide en matière industrielle ainsi qu’une infrastructure considérable bien qu’obsolète résultant de plus de 40 ans de planification centralisée. Tout au long des années 1990, les vastes réformes entreprises ont contribué à réintégrer la République tchèque dans l’économie mondiale au moyen de mesures telles que la privatisation et l’instauration d’un climat libéral favorable à l’investissement, qui a d’ailleurs permis un gonflement de l’IDE, ces dernières années notamment. La République tchèque est devenue Membre de l’OCDE en 1995. Le gouvernement tchèque affiche sa volonté de poursuivre les restructurations industrielles nécessaires. Il entend également achever le processus de privatisation qui a joué un rôle essentiel dans la transformation de l’économie du pays et contribué à attirer l’IDE. Ce processus étant pratiquement achevé, la République tchèque devra à l’avenir préserver ces flux d’IDE en favorisant les nouveaux projets d’implantations et de réinvestissements et en améliorant les relations en amont de ces investissements avec les entreprises nationales. Cet examen retrace l’évolution de l’IDE en République tchèque et évalue son rôle dans le processus de transition, en mesurant l’ouverture de l’économie aux investisseurs directs étrangers.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vieillissement et transports ; Concilier mobilité et sécurité
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: Do older road users pose a safety risk to others? Is mandatory testing effective in determining the driving competence of older drivers? Are OECD Member countries prepared to meet the safety and mobility needs of the baby boom generation in the 21st century? This report on the mobility needs and safety problems of ageing populations dispels many of the myths and misperceptions commonly held regarding elderly road users, and offers policy and research recommendations to provide for their safe, lifelong mobility.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multifonctionnalité ; Élaboration d'un cadre analytique
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The term multifunctionality is increasingly used, but is prone to different interpretations concerning its definition, its utility and its implications for policy at domestic and international level. The OECD undertook this analysis to clarify the concept of multifunctionality and to try to establish a common analytical framework and terminology. Examining production, externality and public good aspects of multifunctionality, the analysis contained in this report leads to a series of questions, the answers to which determine if and when policy intervention is warranted and what the nature of that intervention should be. The framework encompasses both negative and positive externalities of agriculture. The first question relates to the degree of jointness in production between the multiple outputs. The second question identifies the circumstances in which market failure arises. A third question leads to an investigation of the public good characteristics of the outputs in question and helps to define the optimal type of intervention. These may range from market creation, to the imposition of user fees, the formation of clubs or public provision financed at local, regional or national level. The most efficient policy option is defined by the nature of jointness on the supply side and by the characteristics of the output on the demand side, all costs and benefits being taken into account.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264281745
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in Korea 2000
    Keywords: Governance ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: A la fin de 1997, la Corée a subi l’une des crises économiques les plus graves qu’ait jamais vécue un pays de l’OCDE. Un ambitieux programme de réformes réglementaires, financières et structurelles (l’un des efforts de réforme de la réglementation les plus porteurs entrepris par un pays Membre de l’OCDE) a contribué de façon décisive à la vigueur de la reprise économique en 1999 et 2000. Ce programme a non seulement permis de stabiliser la crise, mais il a aussi contribué à rétablir les conditions d’une croissance durable. L'expérience de la Corée peut être utile aux autres pays qui cherchent à favoriser une croissance tirée par le marché. Au moyen de ces réformes, la Corée passe aujourd’hui d'un modèle de développement économique interventionniste et dirigiste à un modèle ouvert, fondé sur le libre jeu des mécanismes de marché et sur des valeurs telles que le choix du consommateur, la démocratie et l’état de droit. Cependant, la tâche est loin d’être achevée. Le système de l’intervention étatique n’est qu’en partie réformé, et de nombreux problèmes importants restent à traiter. Pour plusieurs années encore, la pérennité de la croissance nationale restera tributaire de la continuité des progrès de la réforme de la réglementation. La Corée, comme plusieurs pays Membres, a demandé à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires nationales et de ses réformes internes de la réglementation. Cet ouvrage présente une évaluation approfondie de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines cadres comme la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en œuvre et l’ouverture des marchés. Il comprend aussi des chapitres sectoriels, portant par exemple sur l’électricité et sur les télécommunications, ainsi qu’une évaluation du contexte macroéconomique de la réforme. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à long terme, fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l’échelon international. Dans la même série : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique La réforme de la réglementation aux États-Unis La réforme de la réglementation en Hongrie La réforme de la réglementation en Espagne La réforme de la réglementation au Danemark L’analyse générale sur laquelle se fondent les examens par pays est exposée dans le Rapport de l’OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation - Synthèse, et le document d’appui en deux volumes Rapport de l’OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation - Études sectorielles - Études thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293212
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; The Valencian Central Districts, Spain 2001
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain
    Abstract: Les Districts Centraux de Valence sont composés de 155 municipalités qui appartiennent à deux provinces différentes de la région de Valence ; ils sont spécialisés dans le textile, le jouet, et les services liés au tourisme. Jusqu'à présent ces activités ont été fortement compétitives en dépit de la petite taille des entreprises, de leur spécialisation dans ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler "les industries matures", de la taille relativement petite des villes où elles se concentrent et de l'absence d’infrastructures appropriées. Cependant, la mondialisation rend incertain l'avenir de cette zone. Au moment où les services aux entreprises contribuent de plus en plus au succès des industries de biens, les structures de petite taille qui caractérisent les Districts Centraux de Valence pourront-elles rester compétitives ? Et devraient-elles trouver de nouvelles formes de partenariats pour accroître leur capacité à investir ? L’objectif de cet examen territorial est de fournir des recommandations politiques pratiques sur la façon dont cette zone peut répondre à ces nouveaux défis en développant ses atouts potentiels. L’examen territorial des Districts centraux de Valence fait partie d'un programme plus vaste d’examens territoriaux, au niveaux national et régional, menés par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général de ces séries est de fournir des recommandations pratiques aux gouvernements. Les examens régionaux portent sur trois types de régions (urbain, intermédiaire, rural). Ils contribuent à enrichir la base d'informations disponibles sur les défis auxquels sont confrontées ces régions et les solutions pour y faire face.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264089938
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: School libraries and resource centres are constantly changing in response to the emergence of new technologies and new ways of learning. How should the library of the future be designed? What role will it play as a school facility, within the educational system and in society as a whole? This book addresses these questions through examples from diverse OECD countries.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264294950
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment; Estonia 2001
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Estonia
    Abstract: Depuis qu’elle a recouvré son indépendance, en 1991, l’Estonie a connu une remarquable transformation économique. Fin 2000, elle avait reçu environ 2.65 milliards de dollars d’IDE en provenance des pays européens et des Etats-Unis, et investi quelque 443 millions de dollars dans les autres pays baltes. L’IDE a financé des investissements nouveaux, des fusions-acquisitions et la privatisation d’entreprises d’Etat. L’instauration de conditions propices à l’IDE et l’ouverture aux échanges sont les éléments clés de la stratégie économique de l’Estonie. L’Estonie a été incluse dans le premier cercle des pays candidats à l’entrée dans l’UE, et a adhéré à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce le 13 novembre 2001. La refonte de l’ancien régime et la privatisation sont pratiquement achevées, et les autorités s’efforcent tout particulièrement de réduire la bureaucratie et d’améliorer encore la réglementation. Il subsiste très peu de restrictions à l’encontre de l’IDE. L’Estonie doit maintenant relever le défi de la concurrence et rattraper les nations plus prospères. Le 26 juillet 2001, l’Estonie a été admise à adhérer à la Déclaration de l’OCDE sur l’investissement international et les entreprises multinationales. Cela contribuera sans aucun doute à consolider les avancées récentes de l’Estonie et à développer encore ses relations économiques avec les pays de l’OCDE et les autres adhérents à la Déclaration.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (296 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mieux vivre dans la ville ; Le rôle de la gouvernance métropolitaine
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: In OECD countries, metropolitan areas often enjoy above-average rates of growth; they compete for foreign direct investment, have a leading position in the knowledge-based economy, and attract a disproportionately large share of immigrants. Yet they also are burdened with many problems including congestion, and the renewal of infrastructure, the spread of distressed urban areas. Better strategies for the development of metropolitan areas are vital if their rate of economic growth is to remain strong, but the governance structures currently in place are often outdated and ill-adapted to the tasks they face, especially given the sprawl of many metropolitan cities across many jurisdictions.Drawing on the lessons from successful and unsuccessful attempts at the reform of metropolitan governance, this book identifies ways by which central and metropolitan governments can work better to optimise the potential of each urban region.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289451
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Iceland 2001
    Keywords: Environment ; Iceland
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à l'Islande évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les technologies de l'information et de la communication et le développement rural
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) introduce a new relationship between time and space. Do the nascent possibilities of tele-work, distant access to public services and e-commerce offer both realistic and innovating perspectives for rural development? Are ICTs a threat rather than an opportunity for rural areas? Will these technologies increase the attractiveness of rural and remote areas or will they reinforce the influence of urban ones? ICTs and Rural Development sets out to answer these questions. Field research conducted in Canada, France, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States shows that rural development projects organised around ICTs have facilitated job creation as well as the emergence of a new environment favourable to the development of the community. Nonetheless, the success of such projects depends on a number of conditions. They are presented and analysed in this report.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This publication focuses on the role of university museums, their organisation, management, governance and finance. Most university museum collections have been assembled for the purposes of teaching and research rather than for public display. Whether small, of local importance or large, with great public appeal, they are all defined by their relationship to their university and form a distinctive sector in the museum community. The papers gathered in this book take this distinctiveness into consideration. They examine the common issues and problems that university museums are facing, among which the most important ones are funding and collection management. Many examples of good and imaginative practice are presented as regards fundraising, widening public access, integrating information resources, marketing, management and international collaboration. The book has been edited by Melanie Kelly, administrator at the International Center for Higher Education, School of Management, University of Bath.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264195554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (305 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des partenariats locaux pour une meilleure gouvernance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Asociaciones locales para una mejor gobernabilidad
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftskooperation ; Regionale Kooperation
    Abstract: To better respond to a new set of concerns of the population and promote sustainable development, governments today actively seek a broad partnership with civil society and the private sector. Yet, it is at local and regional levels, closer to the problems and the individuals, that partnerships are most often formed. Partnerships are being established throughout OECD countries to tackle issues of economic development, employment, social cohesion and the quality of life. What all partnerships share is a common desire to improve governance -- how society collectively solves its problems and meets its needs. Through partnerships, civil society and its NGOs, enterprises and government at different levels work together to design area-based strategies, adapt policies to local conditions and take initiatives consistent with shared priorities. An ambitious mission, which raises the challenge of harmonising public accountability and participatory democracy. Local Partnerships for Better Governance presents the lessons learnt from the most recent experiences in seven countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy and the United States. This book proposes a strategy that governments can implement to improve governance through partnerships. Applying this strategy will enforce local capacities in a globalising economy, and contribute to reconcile economic competitiveness, social cohesion and environmental progress.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.275
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Motivated by the recent experience in the Russian Federation, this paper examines the implications of imposing central control on the budgetary activities of a subnational government. In a highly stylised multi-task principal-agent model (Holmstrom and Milgrom (1991)), a central government cannot directly monitor the informal budgetary operations of a regional administration, but seeks to improve fiscal policies by exerting control over a “formal” regional budget and imposing (limited) costs on informal behaviour. In the static case of the model, the control of subnational budgetary operations by a benevolent central government may increase social welfare, but at the expense of higher (implicit and explicit) taxation of economic organisations in the region, lower output, and a strong orientation of informal policies toward rent seeking activities. The additional imposition of costs on regions for conducting informal budgetary operations has multiple (indeterminate) effects in ...
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