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  • 2000-2004  (375)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 2000  (375)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (375)
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  • 2000-2004  (375)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264223967
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p)
    Parallel Title: Print version Comment va la vie dans votre région? - Mesurer le bien-être régional et local pour les politiques publiques
    DDC: 303.4
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Avant-propos""; ""Remerciements""; ""Table des mati�res""; ""Guide du lecteur""; ""Acronymes et abréviations""; ""Résumé""; ""Chapitre 1. Un cadre pour mesurer le bien-être régional et local ""; ""Introduction : pourquoi mesurer le bien-être au niveau régional ?""; ""Un cadre pour mesurer le bien-être régional""; ""Mesurer le bien-être là où il est vécu""; ""Gros plan sur les indicateurs de résultats""; ""La nature multidimensionnelle du bien-être""; ""Disparités des résultats du bien-être entre les régions""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Le r�le de la citoyenneté, de la gouvernance et des institutions dans le bien-être""""Créer des synergies entre les dimensions du bien-être""; ""Dynamiques du bien-être et résilience des régions""; ""Conclusion""; ""Notes""; ""Bibliographie""; ""Chapitre 2. Comment mesurer le bien-être régional et local""; ""Introduction""; ""Un ensemble commun d�indicateurs du bien-être pour les régions""; ""Tenir compte des interactions entre les dimensions du bien-être""; ""La marche à suivre pour la mesure du bien-être dans les régions et les villes : le futur programme statistique""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Notes""""Bibliographie""; ""Chapitre 3. Utiliser les mesures du bien-être pour améliorer les résultats des politiques publiques dans les régions et les villes""; ""Introduction""; ""À quoi servent les indicateurs du bien-être régional ?""; ""Un processus multipartite pour la mise en oeuvre d�une stratégie de bien-être régional""; ""Traduire les objectifs de bien-être dans des indicateurs pertinents pour les politiques publiques""; ""Sélectionner les indicateurs""; ""Identifier les valeurs de référence et les cibles""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Suivre les progr�s accomplis et évaluer le potentiel des différents territoires""""Encourager l�engagement des citoyens et la communication""; ""Conclusion : Lignes directrices pour l'utilisation des données du bien-être régional afin de bâtir des collectivités plus fortes""; ""Annexe 3.A1 Synth�se des initiatives de mesure du bien-être régional dans sept régions témoins de l�OCDE""; ""Bibliographie""; ""Chapitre 4. Le bien-être regional dans les pays de l'OCDE""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Allemagne""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Australie""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Autriche""""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Belgique""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Canada""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Chili""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Corée""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Danemark""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Espagne""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Estonie""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � �tats-Unis""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Finlande""; ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � France""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Comment va la vie dans vos régions � Gr�ce""
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264274037
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.1
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.1
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxing Powers of State and Local Government
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Taxing Powers of State and Local Government
    Keywords: Governance ; Taxation ; Steuersystem ; Steuerpolitik ; Steuerhoheit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Dans de nombreux pays de l'OCDE, les questions relatives au fédéralisme budgétaire occupent le devant de la scène dans le débat politique. Mais il serait souhaitable que les discussions sur l'action à mener dans ce domaine s'appuient sur des chiffres de dépenses et de taxes comparables au niveau international. La publication annuelle Statistiques des recettes publiques de l'OCDE présente les recettes fiscales par sous-secteur de l'administration publique. Cependant, elle n'indique pas le degré de contrôle que les États fédérés et les collectivités locales exercent sur leurs recettes fiscales. En l'absence d'autres sources de données analogues comparables au niveau international, l'OCDE a élaboré un cadre pour évaluer et analyser le degré de contrôle que les administrations infranationales exercent sur leurs impôts. Les résultats présentés dans cet ouvrage mettent en lumière la grande diversité des formes d'autonomie fiscale au niveau des administrations infranationales. Cette publication contient une description des relations fiscales dans la plupart des dix-neuf pays intéressés et offre une série de tableaux détaillés pour chaque pays,avec une ventilation des recettes selon : 1) le niveau d'administration infranational ; 2) la classification des impôts établie par l'OCDE ; et 3) la catégorie d'autonomie fiscale, suivant le cadre élaboré par le Groupe de travail sur l'analyse des politiques et les statistiques fiscales.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264171909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Assessing the Environmental Effects of Trade Liberalisation Agreements : Methodologies
    DDC: 382.71
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Handelsabkommen ; Liberalisierung ; Umwelt
    Abstract: How can the environmental effects of trade liberalisation agreements be assessed ? Are available methodologies sufficiently tuned to current concerns? In order to take stock of the state of the art in assessment methodologies, the OECD organised a two-day technical workshop to focus on past practice and new tools for assessing the environmental effects of trade agreements. Some two dozen experts from governments, international organisations, universities international organisations, universities and NGOs active in this area presented lessons from past practice and results of the considerable a
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264171374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (89 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies 2
    Parallel Title: Print version Tax Burdens : Alternative Measures
    DDC: 336.2009177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Steuerbelastung ; Messung
    Abstract: In response to growing demand by policy-makers, various measures to assess tax burdens of households, individual firms and the business sector as a whole have been developed. This study reviews some of the most common measures used to gauge tax burdens of households and corporations. In addition, it provides some illustrative numbers from various sources on tax rates and tax burdens in OECD countries. The study concludes that all current measures reviewed have at least some important shortcomings. Results based on these measures should therefore be interpreted with their limitations in mind, a
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Chapter 1 - Measuring Tax Burdens; List of Boxes; Chapter 2 - Nominal Income Tax Rates; List of Tables; List of Graphs; Chapter 3 - Tax-to-GDP Ratios; Chapter 4 - Average Tax Rates and the Need for Micro-Data; Chapter 5 - Marginal Effective Tax Rates; Chapter 6 - Policy Relevance of Alternative Tax Burden Measures; Annexes to Chapters; References;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264176317
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (199 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version From Initial Education to Working Life : Making Transitions Work
    DDC: 370.113
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Schulabgänger ; Arbeitswelt ; Integration ; Berufliche Integration ; Lebenslanges Lernen
    Abstract: How did the transition from compulsory education to work change during the 1990s and which types of transition policies worked best? The experiences of 14 OECD countries are examined in this volume to address these two key questions, for as requirements for knowledge and qualifications and skills rise and populations age, few countries can afford to have their young people enter the labour force unequipped for longer term participation in changing career patterns. Taking a broader view of transition outcomes than many previous comparative studies, this study reveals the complex and many-facete
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Preface; Executive summary; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Transition outcomes; List of Figures; Chapter 3. The transition process; Chapter 4. Key features of effective transition systems; List of Boxes; Chapter 5. How can the transition phase promote learning throughout life?; Chapter 6. Conclusion; References; Appendix 1. National co-ordinators and review team members; Appendix 2. Consultants' papers; Appendix 3. Statistical tables; Appendix 4. Using labour market indicators of transition outcomes in comparative studies...
    Description / Table of Contents: Appendix 5. A comprehensive framework for indicators of the transition from initial...Appendix 6. Low education levels and labour market disadvantage; Appendix 7. The availability of indicators of key transition goals; Appendix 8. Country codes used in Tables and Charts;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264171732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Labour Migration and the Recent Financial Crisis in Asia
    DDC: 362.57091724
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Asien ; Migration ; Arbeitnehmer ; Asien ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Krise
    Abstract: Accompanying a sustained period of economic growth, the flows of labour migrants between the economies of East and South-east Asia grew considerably prior to the recent crisis. These flows have become more diverse and complex rendering necessary the improved monitoring of migration trends and policies in each country as well as bringing forth the need to extend the exchange of expertise and experience between the region's experts and policy makers. What has been the impact of the crisis on national labour markets? How have the different countries modified their approach to the employment of fo
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264171312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Voluntary Approaches for Environmental Policy : An Assessment
    DDC: 333.7
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; OECD ; Selbstverpflichtung ; Mitgliedsstaaten
    Abstract: Voluntary approaches are schemes whereby firms make commitments to improve their environmental performance.They cover arrangements such as public voluntary programmes, negotiated agreements or unilateral commitments. Until recently, voluntary approaches have not been subject to systematic analysis, inasmuch as, unlike taxes and tradable permits, they have not been prescribed by economic theory. Voluntary approaches were "invented" by those who devise and implement them: policy-makers, business associations, individual firms, non-governmental associations, etc. The use of voluntary ap
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. The Economic Analysis of Voluntary Approaches; Chapter 2. Empirical Evidence of the Use of Voluntary Approaches in OECD Countries; Chapter 3. Towards an Evaluation of Voluntary Approaches; Chapter 4. Conclusions and Recommendations; References;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281752
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264287860
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    RVK:
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264280472
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Keywords: Mitgliedsstaaten ; Auslandsschulden
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281530
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281868
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264282209
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Agricultural policies in emerging and transition economies 2000
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English , French
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Keywords: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 1999
    RVK:
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264081055
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
    Keywords: Industrie ; Struktur
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264287549
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune
    Keywords: Doppelbesteuerung ; Einkommensteuer ; Kapitalertragsteuer ; Richtlinie ; OECD OECD-Musterabkommen zur Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264281035
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289420
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264281684
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
    Keywords: Fischerei
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264080669
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 1999
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
    RVK:
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.242
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281141
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financial Market Trends; No. 71 Volume 1998 Issue 3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272507
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financial Market Trends; No. 72 Volume 1999 Issue 1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264959897
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: Series on Emission Scenario Documents no.1
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Document intends to provide an introduction to Emission Scenario Documents (ESDs) and thereby, to facilitate their development and use in Member countries and at the OECD level. It is also expected that this Guidance Document could contribute to the increase of consistency of emission scenario documents at various levels (e.g., national, regional, international).
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Motiver les élèves ; l'enjeu de l'apprentissage à vie
    DDC: 370.154
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How to engage and maintain teenagers’ interest in school "work"? Young children rarely lack curiosity, but as they enter the teenage years their appetite for learning often appears to shrink. Many eventually drop out before the end of compulsory schooling. Others continue to turn up for school but make the minimum effort. They are present in body, but not in mind. Such problems are generally associated with Western countries but even Japan and Korea, two of the most academically successful Pacific Rim nations, are not immune. These figures take on new significance in an era when one of the essential survival tools for individuals -- and nations -- is a willingness to learn and re-learn. What can governments and education systems do to inculcate the "zest for learning" that young people will need if they are to thrive in 21st-century post-industrial societies? This is one of the key questions which is addressed in this review of eight countries offering innovative schemes that appear to be developing the skills and attitudes necessary for lifelong learning.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264082182
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    DDC: 363.728963
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Integrated performance assessments (IPAs) of radioactive waste repositories deep underground are made at different stages of repository development in order, for example, to allow full-scale development, to provide feedback to R&D, and to test and develop review capability. IPA studies must be acceptable to a wide range of stakeholders and are one of the bases for dialogue amongst regulators and implementers of disposal facilities. The goal of the IPAG-2 study was to examine the experience of regulatory reviews of IPAs, from both the implementer and regulator points of view. Ten implementer and seven regulatory organisations participated. This report presents the lessons learnt from their review experiences, and provides recommendations to aid future regulatory decision making.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180956
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Stratégies de surveillance et de gestion de données dans les urgences nucléaires
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Since the accident at Chernobyl in 1986, many countries have intensified their efforts in nuclear emergency planning, preparedness and management. Experience from the NEA nuclear emergency exercises (INEX 1 and INEX 2) indicated a need to improve the international system of communication and information in case of a radiological emergency. To address this need, research was carried out by three NEA working groups, the findings of which are synthesised in the present report. This report defines emergency monitoring and modelling needs, and proposes strategies which will assist decision makers by improving the selection of data that is transmitted, and the way in which data and information are transmitted and received. Modern communication methods, such as the Internet, are a key part of the strategies described.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Pension systems are changing the world over. Both OECD and non-OECD countries are coming to face the consequences of demographic changes, and some have already embarked on innovative processes of pension reform. In this new environment, employer and personal pension arrangements are expected to gain much prominence. This new OECD series is devoted to improving our understanding of private pension systems worldwide. It will provide an invaluable tool for academics, policy makers and actors in the private sector who will find in it a reference work on the main issues involved in the design, functioning, and regulation of private pension plans. This first volume provides an overview of recent developments in the private pension systems of four OECD countries (Hungary, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States) as well as an analysis of institutional investors in Latin America. It also addresses policy issues such as the design of private pension systems and actuarial, solvency and bankruptcy issues.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264295919
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (477 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. SET Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies Part I and II Part III
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. SET Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies Part I and II + Part III
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281431
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Public Employment Service in the United States
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; United States ; USA ; Arbeitsverwaltung
    Abstract: Depuis le début des années 1990, la politique du marché du travail traverse une période de profonde restructuration aux États-Unis. On demande au service public de l'emploi (SPE) d'être plus efficace tout en faisant face à des ressources limitées, dans un contexte de réforme de la protection sociale, de chômage persistant, de recul du revenu réel dans certaines couches de la population (notamment chez les moins qualifiés) et d'expansion économique durable. Quel bilan tirer des réformes menées jusqu'ici -- lesquelles semblent réussir et lesquelles marchent moins bien ? Parmi ces nouvelles approches lesquelles faudrait-il revoir en cas de ralentissement économique ? Dans quels domaines les ajustements peuvent-ils conduire à davantage d'efficacité ? Cet ouvrage répond à ces questions et offre une analyse approfondie du SPE des États-Unis et des initiatives récentes prises en la matière. Il expose les sujets de préoccupation soulevés par les réformes récentes ainsi que les options pour rendre les politiques plus efficaces.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: The public employment service in the United States
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264187641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Towards sustainable development: indicators to measure progress ; proceedings of the OECD Rome Conference
    DDC: 333.7/15
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsindikator ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Umweltbericht ; Nationaleinkommen ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Entwicklung ; International ; Nachhaltigkeit ; OECD ; Soziologie ; Wirtschaft ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Indikator
    Abstract: Until recently, governments have measured economic progress by tallying such statistics as GDP, inflation and balance of payments. Today they agree that economic expansion should be socially and environmentally sustainable. Hence measuring progress towards sustainable development is essential to support decision making and inform the public. How should environmental and social outcomes, such as clean air and water, full employment and good health be integrated with measures of economic progress? How will we know about progress towards sustainable transport, agriculture and energy production and use? Towards sustainable development: Indicators to Measure Progress addresses these fundamental questions. The book contains the proceedings of the OECD Conference that was held in Rome in December 1999. It presents the wide range of initiatives and indicators that are already in place, and outlines the challenges that remain in measuring progress towards sustainable development.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288027
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transition to Responsible Fisheries; Economic and Policy Implications
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transition to Responsible Fisheries: Economic and Policy Implications
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Fischwirtschaft ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Empfehlung
    Abstract: Si l'industrie de la pêche veut survivre sur le long terme, il lui faudra adopter des pratiques et des approches plus « responsables ». Il s’agira de revoir non seulement les pratiques mêmes de l'industrie mais également les politiques du secteur public et notamment les approches en matière de gestion des pêches. Cet ouvrage montre quelles voies pourrait prendre une véritable transition vers des pêcheries responsables; il examine les conséquences possibles et recommande une série de mesures visant à accroître la prospérité dans ce secteur. Le travail analytique de l'OCDE sur les pêcheries est mené par le Comité des pêcheries et couvre un large éventail de questions relatives à la gestion, à la conservation des ressources, aux échanges et au développement durable.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264281929
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pushing Ahead with Reform in Korea; Labour Market and Social Safety-net Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pushing Ahead with Reform in Korea: Labour Market and Social Safety-net Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: A la fin de 1997, la Corée a été frappée par une grave crise économique et financière qui a notamment entraîné une forte hausse du chômage. Ni les institutions du marché du travail ni les institutions sociales n’avaient anticipé la crise, de sorte que de nombreux travailleurs ainsi que leurs familles ont été durement touchés.L’économie s’est maintenant redressée. Cet ouvrage montre que la politique du marché du travail et la politique sociale du gouvernement ont aidé à minimiser le coût de la crise et permis de la surmonter ; il en va de même des mesures destinées à renforcer les droits fondamentaux des travailleurs. Cependant, ce livre souligne également la nécessité de mettre en œuvre d'autres réformes afin que la croissance économique soit saine et durable sur le plan social : il s'agit plus que jamais de poursuivre l'élan des réformes.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264287662
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS; 2000 Overview
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS: 2000 Overview
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Osteuropa ; Atomrecht
    Abstract: Cette publication analyse la législation et la réglementation régissant les utilisations pacifiques de l’énergie nucléaire en Europe de l’Est. Elle couvre 11 pays d’Europe centrale et orientale et 11 pays des Nouveaux États indépendants. Tous les chapitres ont été rédigés selon un plan uniforme destiné à faciliter la recherche et la comparaison des informations. Cette publication continuera à faire l’objet de mises à jour régulières. Albanie Kazakhstan Arménie Lettonie Bélarus Lituanie Bosnie-Herzégovine Ouzbékistan Bulgarie Pologne Croatie République de Moldavie Estonie République slovaque Ex-République yougoslave de Macédoine République tchèque Fédération de Russie Roumanie Géorgie Slovénie Hongrie Ukraine
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mondialisation, migrations et développement
    RVK:
    Keywords: Economic development Congresses ; Emigration and immigration Congresses ; Globalization Congresses ; International economic integration Congresses ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Globalisierung ; Migration ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Globalisierung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Will the extension of trade liberalisation and increases in foreign direct investment accompanying the process of regional integration and globalisation contribute over the long-term to a greater control over migration flows? To what extent can an acceleration in economic convergence and the implementation of measures facilitating the exchange of highly skilled labour be expected to promote sustainable development in the countries of high emigration potential? This publication seeks to give an answer to these questions. It highlights the contrasts which characterise the demographic and economic situations in Central and Eastern Europe, in the Mediterranean Basin, in North America and in Asia. It identifies the conditions which would favour greater regional integration and reduce over the long-term the incentives to emigrate: the implementation of public sector reforms; the development of the socio-economic infrastructure; the implementation of measures to improve the functioning of financial systems, to attract foreign direct investment and to promote technology transfer and innovation diffusion. Finally, it points to the geopolitical aspects of regional integration and the important role that the greater enhancement of human resources should play in future migration policies.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181632
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Policies towards full employment
    DDC: 331.12/042/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Vollbeschäftigung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Konferenzschrift 2000 ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; OECD ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Beschäftigungspolitik
    Abstract: As we embark on a new century, some 33 million people are out of work in the OECD area. Policies to increase employment have topped most countries' domestic political agendas in the past decade. And employment and unemployment are likely to remain major economic and social challenges for many countries in the years to come. This book presents the proceedings of a conference on labour markets which was organised by the Ministries of Labour and Finance of Finland, with the support of the OECD and the European Commission. It advances thinking on new policy measures, such as active labour market policies and measures to "make work pay" and focuses on specific experiences in a few individual countries, namely the United States, Japan, Finland and Denmark. It includes papers from politicians, high level officials from the European Commission and the OECD Secretariat, social partners and prominent representatives from the academic community. Proceedings of the Helsinki Conference, January 2000.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264187511
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Features, events and processes (FEPs) for geologic disposal of radioactive waste
    DDC: 551
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Radioaktiver Abfall ; Risikoanalyse
    Abstract: Safety assessments of disposal sites for radioactive waste involve analyses of potential releases of radionuclides from the disposed waste and subsequent transport to the human environment. An important stage of assessment is the identification and documentation of all the features, events and processes (FEPs) that may be relevant to long-term safety. This report provides an international compilation of FEPs as well as a basis for selecting the FEPs that should be included in safety analyses.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187788
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Affairisme; la fin du système ; Comment combattre la corruption
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Las reglas del juego cambiaron ; La lucha contra el soborno y la corrupción
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. No longer business as usual
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Korruption ; Wirtschaftskriminalität ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Internationales Abkommen ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Taxation ; Korruption ; Wirtschaftskriminalität
    Abstract: Today, corruption has moved to the top of the global political agenda as its dramatic impact on economic development and its corrosive effect on political stability and democratic political institutions has become increasingly obvious. A whole arsenal of legal instruments to combat corruption has now been developed to improve ethical standards in the public sector, to end tax deductibility for bribes, to curtail money laundering, and to clean up public procurement practices. The private sector and civil society will continue to play a critical role in making these new rules a reality. This collection of papers provides the key elements needed to build and preserve corruption-free institutions, systems, and private enterprises.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'insertion scolaire des handicapés ; Des établissements pour tous
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'insertion scolaire des handicapés
    DDC: 371.9/046
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Schüler ; Behinderung ; Integrative Schule
    Abstract: The rights of students with disabilities to be educated in their local mainstream school is becoming more and more accepted in most countries, and many reforms are being put in place to achieve this goal. Further, there is no reason to segregate disabled students in public education systems; instead, education systems need to be reconsidered to meet the needs of all students. Based on in-depth analysis of inclusive practice in eight countries, this book addresses the issues that arise for such practices to be successful. The most detailed international comparative study ever carried out, this book shows that all students, whatever the type and extent of their disability, can be successfully included in mainstream schools, as long as certain safeguards are ensured. Nine areas emerge as being of crucial importance: funding models, systems of public accountability for schools, pupil assessment, curriculum development, adult-to-student ratios, the role of classroom assistants, the functioning of support services, the training of teachers and other professionals and community and parental involvement. The country case studies are complemented by comprehensive annexes describing how teachers can be most efficiently prepared for special education, and developing a procedure for cost-effectiveness analysis of special education.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'insertion scolaire des handicapés
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxing Powers of State and Local Government
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264181694
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intégration des marchés des transports terrestres européens
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Integration of European inland transport markets
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    Keywords: Güterverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Grenzüberschreitender Verkehr ; Verkehrsrecht ; Rechtsangleichung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Osteuropa ; Europa ; Schienengüterverkehr ; Europa ; Asien ; Transport ; Europe Economic integration ; Congresses ; Europa ; Transportmarkt ; Integration
    Abstract: The integration of European inland transport markets is a topical issue that has generated a great deal of activity in recent years. The integration of transport markets is a fundamental condition for the development of trade relations and economic activity.This book is an essential tool for all transport professionals. It looks at the most recent transport and investment trends. It then examines the pan-European process of legal harmonisation and adjustment of transport systems and analyses emerging trade and transport links between Europe and Asia. Obstacles at border crossings for international road and rail goods transport are also dealt with along with ways of combating crime in transport. Lastly, the topical issue of public-private partnerships in transport infrastructure financing is tackled and conclusions are presented.
    Note: Franz. Ausg.u.d.T.: Intégration des marchés des transports terrestres européens
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Edition: Edition 2000
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Romania 2000
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264188174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation environnementale stratégique dans le secteur des transports
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Strategic environmental assessment for transport
    RVK:
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltbewertung ; Europa ; Welt ; Environmental impact analysis ; Transportation Environmental aspects ; Europe ; Environment ; Transport ; Verkehrspolitik ; Güterverkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: Environmental impact assessments are an essential component of making decisions on transport infrastructure investments. Traditional procedures have proved ineffective for impacts that go beyond the scope of projects in isolation. Strategic environmental assessment has emerged in response, to address large scale effects including impacts on traffic across networks, impacts on climate change and biodiversity and the impacts of policy decisions as opposed simply to individual projects. This report examines recent experience in developing environmental assessment internationally and makes recommendations on maximising the effectiveness of this new tool.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD proceedings
    Series Statement: Sustainable development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Innovation and the environment
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Innovation ; Umweltpolitik ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Umweltpolitik ; Innovation
    Abstract: How can innovation and technology better contribute to environmental sustainability? What factors drive firms to innovate for the environment? How can environmental and innovation policies be better designed to stimulate innovation for the environment? How can better policy coherence be achieved? A recent OECD workshop addressed these crucial questions that lead to a better understanding of the interaction between innovation and the environment and explored elements of "best practice" policies that can stimulate innovation for the environment and shift our development path towards sustainability.
    Note: Papers presented at a workshop held in June 2000 by the Working Party on Innovation and Technology Policy of the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264182455
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends in International Migration 1999; Continuous Reporting System on Migration
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tendances des migrations internationales 1999 ; Système d'observation permanente des migrations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends in International Migration 1999: Continuous Reporting System on Migration
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tendances des migrations internationales 1999 : Système d'observation permanente des migrations
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Der Bericht bietet eine umfassende Analyse der jüngsten Entwicklungen bei Migrationsbewegungen und -politik in den OECD-Ländern sowie in einigen Nichtmitgliedsländern. Er enthält eine ausführliche Beschreibung der Migrationsströme, der verschiedenen Einreisewege und des Nationalitätenspektrums der Migranten. Er verweist auf die Bedeutung der Zuwanderung für das Wachstum der Gesamt- und der Erwerbsbevölkerung sowie die Veränderungen in der sektoralen Verteilung der Ausländerbeschäftigung. Aufgezeigt werden auch wichtige Gesetzesänderungen, die in bestimmten Aufnahmeländern (z.B. in Australien, Frankreich, Italien, den Niederlanden, Polen und dem Vereinigten Königreich) vorgenommen wurden, um die Migrationsströme besser zu steuern und selektivere Zulassungskriterien zu definieren, die sich stärker an den Arbeitsmarkterfordernissen orientieren. Schließlich vermittelt der Bericht einen Überblick über die Gesamtheit der Maßnahmen bezüglich der Integration von Zuwanderern und der internationalen Zusammenarbeit. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt den Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Globalisierung, Migrationen und Entwicklung. Neben dieser Globalanalyse findet der Leser in dem Bericht: • Detaillierte Länderbeiträge, die die Hauptmerkmale der Migration im jeweiligen Land schildern. • Eine Untersuchung der wirtschaftlichen und politischen Folgen der illegalen Zuwanderung unter Berücksichtigung der verschiedenen irregulären Situationen, der Methoden zur Messung des Phänomens, seiner Arbeitsmarkteffekte und der gegen Arbeitgeber verhängten Sanktionen. • Einen statistischen Anhang mit neuesten Daten über Ausländer und Zuwanderer, ausländische Arbeitskräfte, Migrationsströme und Einbürgerungen.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264580350
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy; Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain ; vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global; Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Future of the Global Economy: Towards a Long Boom?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie mondiale de demain : vers un essor durable ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O Futuro da Economia Global: Rumo a uma expansao duradoura?
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Die Welt steht heute an der Schwelle zu einer neuen Ära, in der die Chance einer lang anhaltenden Phase der Hochkonjunktur in den ersten Jahrzehnten des neuen Jahrtausends zum Greifen nahe sein wird. Das Zusammenwirken mehrerer Einflüsse – insbesondere der Übergang zu einer wissensbasierten Gesellschaft, die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und das Streben nach ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit – könnte gewaltige Verbesserungen sowohl in bezug auf die Kapazitäten zur Schaffung von Wohlstand als auch für das weltweite Wohlergehen der Menschen mit sich bringen.Welche Weichenstellungen sind notwendig, damit diese Chance nicht ungenützt bleibt? Neue Institutionen werden gebraucht, um die internationalen Regeln und Rahmenbedingungen zu schaffen, die den Übergang zur wissensbasierten Gesellschaft erleichtern. Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die fundamentalen Antriebskräfte des gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Wandels von morgen. Er schätzt die Plausibilität des Eintretens in ein „Goldenes Zeitalter“ ein und analysiert die Politikerfordernisse, die zu seiner Verwirklichung notwendig sind.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264281172
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1999 Issue 2; Special Issue on Sustainable Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. STI Review, Volume 1999 Issue 2: Special Issue on Sustainable Development
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180819
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Los sistemas productivos locales no son recientes, pero están siendo anunciados por muchos como la solución a la crisis de las estructuras industriales tradicionales. Conforme el desempleo aumenta, estas agrupaciones de empresas han demostrado ser notablemente exitosas en la retención e incremento de su participación en el empleo. Muchos países de la OCDE cuentan con regiones innovadoras donde las empresas han aprendido a sacar provecho de los beneficios mutuos hechos posibles por la densidad de los vínculos verticales y horizontales. ¿El éxito de estas agrupaciones representará acaso la existencia de una nueva y valiosa herramienta para crear empleo, o son únicamente las condiciones económicas, sociales y de un zona en particular las que explican este fenómeno? Esta publicación analiza las experiencias de trabajo en redes y concentraciones en una amplia variedad de países. ¿Serán capaces estas experiencias de ser aplicadas en otros lugares? Mucho depende de la respuesta a esta pregunta.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264287693
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainable Transport Policies
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Des progrès réels ont été réalisés dans l’amélioration des transports durables en Europe dans plusieurs domaines, et ils sont signalés dans cette brochure. Il faut reconnaître qu’il subsiste encore d’importants problèmes et défis à surmonter, consistant en: - une croissance de la circulation routière qui est incompatible avec la durabilité, que ce soit à l’échelle locale et dans certains cas régionale ou internationale ; - parfois de graves nuisances sonores, ainsi que des effets de coupure et de gêne provoqués par la circulation dans les zones construites ; - une augmentation persistante des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans le secteur des transports routiers et aériens; - une qualité de l’air médiocre dans certaines localités malgré des progrès considérables dans le contrôle des émissions des véhicules ; - des atteintes aux paysages et à la biodiversité. - La Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports travaille à l’amélioration des politiques et tend vers des solutions dans beaucoup de ces domaines. Cette brochure gratuite présente une approche commune destinée à faire évoluer les politiques vers des systèmes de transport durable. Son contenu, approuvé par les Ministres de la CEMT lors de sa session ministérielle à Prague en mai 2000, présente une synthèse de plusieurs rapports détaillés qui seront publiés prochainement.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264280571
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reduction of Capital Costs of Nuclear Power Plants
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: La compétitivité des centrales nucléaires dépend dans une large mesure de leurs coûts en capital qui représentent environ 60 pour cent des coûts totaux de la prodution d’électricité nucléaire. Il est donc essentiel d’inventorier et d’analyser les moyens de réduire les coûts en capital des centrales nucléaires pour renforcer la viabilité économique de l’option nucléaire.Ce rapport s’appuie sur des informations et des données sur les coûts qui ont été fournies par des experts des pays Membres de l’AEN. Il examine différentes méthodes permettant de réduire les coûts en capital des centrales nucléaires. Cet ouvrage présente des éléments d'information utiles aux décideurs de l'industrie nucléaire et des gouvernements dans l'élaboration de leurs politiques.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264182561
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un monde meilleur pour tous ; Poursuite des objectifs internationaux de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un mundo mejor para todos ; Consecución de los objetivos de desarrollo internacional
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un monde meilleur pour tous : Poursuite des objectifs internationaux de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un mundo mejor para todos : Consecución de los objetivos de desarrollo internacional
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: In a first-ever joint report by the UN, the OECD, the World Bank and the IMF, the world’s four principal development institutions assess progress towards poverty reduction goals and agree on a common vision for the way forward. The goals for international development address that most compelling of human desires-a world free of poverty and free of the misery that poverty breeds. This report focuses on seven goals, which, if achieved in the next 15 years, will improve the lives of millions of people. In words and pictures, with numbers and charts, it describes progress towards the goals, what has been achieved and the effort required to reach them.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264181557
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Die jährlichen ODA-Gesamtauszahlungen Österreichs unterliegen in der Regel Schwankungen, was sich z.T. daraus erklärt, dass Österreich nicht über ein globales EZA-Budget verfügt. Die Verwaltung des EZA-Programms ist weiterhin zwischen einer Reihe von Bundesministerien und Gemeindeverwaltungen aufgesplittert. Ein Problem ist das Fehlen einer Globalstrategie, die alle von Österreich den ODA-Leistungen zugerechneten Ausgaben mit einem klar festgelegten Katalog von Entwicklungszielen verknüpft. Derzeit werden von Österreich drei Komponenten – geförderte Exportkredite, Flüchtlingshilfe in Österreich und indirekte Studienplatzkosten –, die nicht primär Entwicklungszielen dienen, als ODA-Leistungen verbucht.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264272057
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens en matière de coopération pour le développement no.32
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Co-operation Reviews; Luxembourg 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Development Co-operation Reviews: Luxembourg 1999
    Keywords: Development ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Le programme d'aide du Luxembourg a fait de grands progrès depuis le premier examen par le Comité d'aide au développement (CAD) de l'OCDE en 1993. Le gouvernement a mis en oeuvre la plupart des recommandations émises par le CAD lors de cet examen. Les mesures prises par le gouvernement comprennent entre autres : -- une nouvelle loi sur la coopération définissant les objectifs de la coopération ; -- la sélection de pays cibles ; -- une augmentation du personnel chargé du programme d'aide ; -- une convention réglant les relations entre le ministère des Affaires étrangères, du Commerce extérieur et de la Coopération (MAE) et Lux-Development, l'institution d'exécution. Au cours des cinq dernières années, le volume de l'aide publique au développement (APD) consentie par le Luxembourg a augmenté en moyenne de 15 pour cent par an en termes réels. En 1997, l'aide luxembourgeoise a atteint 0.55 pour cent du produit national brut (PNB). Ce progrès est rendu possible par le soutien unanime des partis politiques et de l'opinion publique. Les organisations non gouvernementales occupent une place exceptionnelle dans le programme d'aide puisqu'un quart de l'aide bilatérale transite par ce canal. L'aide Luxembourgeoise est dispensée entièrement sous forme de dons, pour la plupart non liés. Etant donné la forte augmentation du volume de l'aide, il est important de surveiller et renforcer la qualité des projets et programmes par une plus grande sélectivité, par un suivi accru des projets et par des évaluations systématiques [ex-ante] et [ex-post]. Pour cela il est essentiel de réduire le nombre de pays bénéficiaires, de renforcer encore les ressources humaines affectées au programme d'aide et d'accroître la formation du personnel de coopération. Outre celui du Luxembourg, le programme de coopération pour le développement des membres suivants du CAD a été soumis à un examen en 1998 : Allemagne, Canada, Communauté européenne, Espagne, Etats-Unis et Finlande.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264287822
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Romania 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Romania 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Romania
    Abstract: Cet examen des politiques agricoles roumaines mesure le chemin parcouru depuis les événements dramatiques de décembre 1989 jusqu’au processus d’adhésion à l’Union européenne actuellement engagé. Il met en évidence les aspects structurels déterminants ainsi que les orientations qui se dessinent dans la réforme agricole. Le soutien dont bénéficie l’agriculture fait l’objet d’estimations détaillées, fondées sur la méthode d’estimation du soutien aux producteurs et aux consommateurs (ESP/ESC) de l’OCDE. Cette étude évalue les performances environnementales de l’agriculture roumaine (notamment du bilan azoté) appréciées en fonction des indicateurs environnementaux élaborés par l’OCDE. Le rapport conclut que l’une des grandes priorités pour la Roumanie consiste à supprimer les contraintes qui empêchent la main-d’œuvre agricole de se tourner vers d’autres activités à plus forte valeur ajoutée. Une plus grande efficience économique de l’ensemble de la filière agro-alimentaire s’impose si l’on veut accroître la compétitivité du pays et améliorer les termes de l’échange pour les producteurs agricoles durant la période qui précède l’adhésion à l’UE et au-delà. Cet ouvrage constitue une référence indispensable pour les décideurs, les chercheurs et les entreprises qui s'intéressent à l’agriculture et aux politiques agro-alimentaires ainsi qu’aux marchés et aux échanges, que ce soit dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale ou, plus généralement, dans les pays en transition. Cet examen de première importance est appelé à faire date. Autres Examens des politiques agricoles : Fédération de Russie (1998) République slovaque (1997) Estonie (1996) Lettonie (1996) Lituanie (1996) République tchèque (1995) Pologne (1995) Hongrie (1994)
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Roumanie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation: Roumanie 2000
    Keywords: Education ; Romania
    Abstract: Reform of education, training and human resource development is an integral part of the transition to a democratic society and market economy. Romania has made progress in all these areas since reform began in 1990. Still, the real impetus for change is more recent and can be dated to the publication of The Reform of Education Now by the Ministry of National Education in 1997. The Ministry’s challenge has been to promote and support changes that meet the needs of the new economy and society as well as the interests of all young people and adults, in the face of a shortage of financial and human resources. The book first gives a brief history of education in Romania and describes the development of education in the country since the political changes. It then presents an analysis of the entire education system and identifies key directions for the reinforcement of the reforms in light of the challenges faced by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students under very dynamic and uncertain conditions. It concludes with a set of key recommendations on education goals and the transition; learning effectiveness, outcomes and the curriculum; management and governance for flexibility, responsiveness and change; and resources and financing. This review will be very useful to both Romanian professionals and their international counterparts.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180932
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Hongrie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE: Hongrie 2000
    Keywords: Environment ; Hungary
    Abstract: This review of Hungary's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.235
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: International trade is a principle transmission mechanism by which developments in one country can have repercussions in others and how it is modelled is an important part of any multi-country model. This paper describes recent estimation work carried out by the OECD, which respecifies and updates the equations which determine manufactures export volumes in the OECD INTERLINK model. An important feature of this estimation work is that the relevant equations are estimated as a consistent system, allowing data acceptable parameter restrictions to be imposed across countries. For a number of countries and regions allowance is also made for the possible influence of supply-side factors on market share performance over and above that explained by changes in price competitiveness, using non-linear trend variables. The paper reports both estimation results and the simulation properties of the equations both in isolation and as part of corresponding country models and the fully linked ...
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2000/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Création, maintenance et renouvellement des équipements éducatifs en milieu urbain
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PEB co-hosted a symposium entitled “Invention, Maintenance, and Renewal of Urban Educational Facilities: Global Challenges and Community Solutions” with the American Institute of Architects’ Committee on Architecture for Education and the CEFPI Urban Education Facilities NE Chapter in October 1999. The meeting aimed to provide arguments and evidence for system managers seeking to secure resources for maintenance as well as to sharpen their abilities to use those resources well. Below are excerpts from the symposium papers, including keynote presentations and workshop reports.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264181210
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.1
    Series Statement: Insurance and pensions
    Series Statement: Private pensions series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Private pension systems and policy issues
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Rentenversicherung ; Privatversicherung ; Internationaler Vergleich
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264061439
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment financer l'apprentissage à vie ?
    DDC: 374
    RVK:
    Keywords: Continuing education ; Education ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsökonomie ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: There is broad political support for lifelong learning because it is so vital to sustained economic progress and social cohesion in the "new economy". But its implementation is potentially costly and depends on making the learning process more cost-effective and on securing financial and in-kind resources from the private sector. What can be done to keep lifelong learning from becoming prohibitively expensive, and to ensure that there are strong and transparent incentives to invest in it ? This book looks at recent experience of selected OECD countries as they have articulated their goals and strategies for lifelong learning. It examines policies and practices that influence the rates of return to lifelong learning, and mechanisms that are being put in place to channel financial resources to lifelong learning. It identifies resource issues that need to be addressed if lifelong learning is to be an affordable and workable guide to public policy.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264180635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: On the surface there is agreement, sustainable development refers to a broad set of issues, going beyond the relationship between the economy and the environment to encompass human and social concerns. Scratch the surface and you open a Pandora's box of differing notions of sustainability and means of achieving it. How can progress towards sustainable development be measured then? The major difficulty in developing indicators to track progress towards sustainable development is not the lack of data but rather the lack of frameworks to organise and synthesize existing information. This volume brings together a number of approaches to this question pursued in academia, national administrations and international organisations, as presented at an expert workshop held at the OECD headquarters in September 1999. These approaches include developments of the traditional national accounts system, construction of synthetic measures of sustainability such as "genuine savings", physical measures of material flows, and selections of indicators based on variants of the "pressure, state, response" model. This volume also reviews a number of initiatives undertaken within the OECD to monitor trends in the sustainability of specific sectors and sub-national areas.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264182370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.111
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport et loisirs
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Leisure-related transport is a poorly known and widely underestimated phenomenon. And yet, it generates more traffic than journey-to-work travel. Indeed, the great number of leisure activities that involve transport range from shopping, visiting family or friends and sporting activities to local and international tourism. This book sets out to describe and analyse leisure-related transport in terms of flow size, points of concentration, modes of transport, temporal trends and structural changes. It then examines the consequences that growth in leisure activities could have for transport policy: integrating local and long-distance transport, increasing the use of environmentally-friendly means of transport, promoting local recreational trips or improving the living environment. This may be seen as a genuine opportunity for policymakers: in responding to the challenge posed by leisure-related transport they can indeed respond to the challenges posed by any kind of transport.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264188389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: This volume describes more than 400 separate policy actions that IEA Member countries took to mitigate climate change in the energy sector during 1999. Listings are provided for each country with classifications of actions into five major policy approaches: fiscal policy; market policy; regulatory policy; R&D policy; and policy processes. In addition, policies are classified according to energy source and end-use.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789264181472
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Méthodes d'évaluation des conséquences économiques des accidents nucléaires
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: For practical reasons, the consequences of nuclear reactor accidents are often measured in economic terms. Figures currently available, however, show significant discrepancies. For this reason, the NEA created an expert group to investigate the methodologies used in calculating the economic consequences of accidents, and the bases for such methodologies. Calculation methods were assessed according to three end uses: for compensation and liability purposes; for accident preparedness and management purposes; and for making electricity-generation choices. The group concluded that comparing numerical results is very difficult, even for estimates made from the same perspective, as they are strongly dependent on "boundary" conditions (such as the accident scenarios used, plant characteristics and amount of radioactive material released). This book provides a summary of the group’s findings and will be of interest to decision makers, experts and accident-consequence modellers.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264182165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The fact that market experience improves performance and reduces prices is well known and widely exploited in technology-intensive industries, but sparsely used in analysis for energy technology policy. Knowledge of the “experience effect” can help in the design of efficient programmes for deploying of environment-friendly technologies. The effect must be taken into account when estimating the future costs of achieving targets, including targets for carbon dioxide reduction. This book discusses issues raised by the “experience effect”, such as price-cost cycles, competition for learning opportunities in the market, risk of “technology lockout” and the effects of research, development and deployment policies on technology learning. Case studies illustrate how experience curves can be used to set policy targets and to design policy measures that will encourage both investment in and use of environment-friendly energy technologies. Low-cost paths to stabilising CO2 emissions are explored.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264081109
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Retningslinier for forbrugerbeskyttelse i forbindelse med elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD retningslinjer for forbrukervern ved elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendação do conselho relativa às linhas directrizes que regem A protecção dos consumidores no contexto do comércio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Swedish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Leitlinien für den Verbraucherschutz im Zusammenhang mit dem elektronischen Geschäftsverkehrs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendación del consejo de la ocde relativa a los lineamientos para la protección al consumidor en el contexto del comercio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida per la tutela dei consumatori nel contesto del Commercio Elettronico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Richtlijnen ter bescherming van consumenten in het kader van de Elektronische handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce are designed to help ensure that consumers are no less protected when shopping on line than they are when they buy from their local store or order from a catalogue. By setting out the core characteristics of effective consumer protection for online business-to-consumer transactions, the Guidelines are intended to help eliminate some of the uncertainties that both consumers and businesses encounter when buying and selling on line. The Guidelines reflect existing legal protections available to consumers in more traditional forms of commerce. Their aim is to encourage: - fair business, advertising and marketing practices; - clear information about an online business’s identity, the goods or services it offers and the terms and conditions of any transaction; - a transparent process for the confirmation of transactions; - secure payment mechanisms; - fair, timely and affordable dispute resolution and redress; - privacy protection; and - consumer and business education.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181304
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Italy
    Abstract: This IEA report provides a comprehensive, in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Italy, including recommendations on future policy developments. The Italian government is undertaking major reforms in the energy sector. It has started to decentralise energy policy, giving more responsibilities to regions and local authorities. Thus, co-ordination across regions and with the national government is becoming an important issue. In February 1999, competition was introduced in the electricity sector. The Government is also preparing a Legislative Decree to implement the EU Directive on natural gas. In enforcing competition, attention needs to be given to the dominant position of national companies in the electricity, natural gas and oil sectors. Italy has high taxes on energy in comparison with other IEA countries. This has encouraged the country’s low energy intensity. In addition, in December 1998, the Government introduced a CO2 tax. Tax policy needs a long-term strategy which would better reflect the external cost of using energy and make the tax structure consistent across the different sectors and fuels. The report also recommends that the Government take further measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to meet the Kyoto target.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2000/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Turkey's Basic Education Programme
    Keywords: Education ; Turkey
    Abstract: En août 1997, le gouvernement de la Turquie, grâce au vote par le Parlement de la Loi n°4306 relative à l’enseignement de base, s’est doté de moyens considérablement accrus pour porter à huit ans la scolarité obligatoire. Cette loi prévoit l’investissement d’importantes ressources dans les installations scolaires, grâce à la mise en réserve de recettes fiscales, la mise au point d’un calendrier pour le programme d’enseignement de base et la rationalisation des procédures afin de permettre une action et une mise en œuvre rapides.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.274
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews the accuracy of the OECD Economic Outlook projections — both “current year” and “year ahead” — for output growth, inflation and current account balances (as a percentage of GDP) for the major seven countries, as well as projections for world trade growth. The sample period differs somewhat between the variables, depending on data availability, but it runs until 1998 in all cases. Several evaluation criteria were used to assess the accuracy of the OECD Economic Outlook projections. These include an inspection of projection error summary statistics; comparisons with “naive” alternative forecasts; statistical tests for unbiasedness and efficiency; and testing for directional accuracy. In addition, the paper provides an examination of the performance of OECD Economic Outlook projections over different time periods. The findings suggest that, on the basis of the conventional statistical criteria, the current year projections outperform the year ahead projections ...
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Finland
    Abstract: This IEA report provides a comprehensive, in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Finland, including recommendations on future policy developments. Over the past years, Finnish energy markets have undergone reform and restructuring. Competition was introduced into the electricity market in 1995, and has since been strengthened significantly. Competition in the natural gas market is imminent. Finland is not yet connected to the EU natural gas network, but the rules on competition cover cross-border competition from the outset to prepare for the future. Attention still needs to be given to market power. Finland and the wider Nordic market are still relatively concentrated. The recent merger of Finland's largest electricity company with the country's dominant oil and gas conglomerate did nothing to alleviate this situation. Price regulation and anti-trust oversight may have to be strengthened. Nevertheless, the Finnish power market is a successful example and worthwhile for other countries to study. Finland was the first country in the world to introduce a carbon tax and has an excellent record in energy efficiency policy. But carbon emissions continue to rise. Increased use of natural gas and Finland's interconnection to the EU gas grid may be the best approach to reducing CO2 emissions.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 79 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.261
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper examines the underpinnings of the successful performance of the US economy in the late 1990s. Relative to the early 1990s, output growth has accelerated by nearly two percentage points. We attribute this to rapid capital accumulation, a surge in hours worked, and faster growth of total factor productivity. The acceleration of productivity growth, driven by information technology, is the most remarkable feature of the US growth resurgence. We consider the implications of these developments for the future growth of the US economy ...
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 101 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.40
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Regulation of the pharmaceutical sector needs to reconcile private and social objectives. Public intervention pursues multiple goals which relate to both health and industry policy. Many OECD Governments are also heavily involved as buyers of pharmaceuticals in publicly-financed health care systems. This paper describes recent trends in pharmaceutical expenditure and financing in a first chapter. A second chapter discusses the economics of pharmaceutical markets. A third chapter provides a review of national policies and their attempts to balance public and private objectives. Pharmaceutical expenditure has been rising steadily as a share of GDP since 1970. However, total health expenditure has also risen. As a result, pharmaceutical expenditure has, on average, maintained its share of total health expenditure in the OECD, close to 15 %. Across countries, pharmaceutical expenditure per capita depends on relative incomes but is also influenced by institutional features. The pharmaceutical ...
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  • 76
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2000/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Belgium, the Library of the ULB: After Five Years in Use
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: Le projet de construire une nouvelle bibliothèque universitaire à l’Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) est né des problèmes causés par la division des ressources et des services dispersés sur tout le campus. Cette situation était due au manque d’espace de conservation dans la bibliothèque d’origine. En outre, les services devaient être adaptés à l’évolution de la gestion de bibliothèques, ainsi qu’aux besoins d’un nombre croissant d’utilisateurs. La construction d’une nouvelle bibliothèque était aussi motivée par l’objectif pédagogique d’accroître l’autonomie de l’étudiant et de stimuler son esprit critique et sa recherche personnelle.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264187825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Roumanie 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE : Roumanie 2000
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Romania
    Abstract: This study of Romania’s agricultural policies analyses developments from the dramatic events of December 1989 to the present day preparations for accession to the European Union. The Review evaluates key structural issues and examines emerging policy developments in agricultural reform. It includes detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). A special assessment measures the environmental performance of Romanian agriculture, including the nitrogen balance, against OECD-developed environmental indicators. The report concludes that a key priority for Romania is to remove constraints that impede the flow of labour from agriculture into activities with a higher value-added. Increasing the economic efficiency of the food chain as a whole is essential to enhance Romania’s competitiveness and improve the terms of trade for agricultural producers during the run-up to its EU accession and thereafter.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181328
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: This IEA report provides a comprehensive in-depth assessment of the energy policies of Japan, including recommendations for policy development. Since the last in-depth review in 1994, the two major themes in Japan's energy policy have been reform of the regulatory framework and measures to respond to climate change. Energy sector reform in the energy sector is an important component of overall policy on economic recovery. Increasingly, the market will be relied on to achieve a satisfactory outcome. Independent Power Producers have entered the electricity market since 1995. The report analyses anticipated further reforms to liberalise the market for extra-high-voltage consumers (28% of all supply) and to introduce accounting separation of the activities of the existing utilities. Approximately 90% of carbon dioxide produced in Japan is energy-related. Policy to reduce emissions from the energy sector is focused on drastic energy efficiency measures and on the promotion of nuclear power and "new energies". The review discusses the cost-effectiveness of present energy efficiency measures, but considers that the current nuclear energy production target is achievable.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.237
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper uses an original international database on regulation, market structure and performance in the telecommunications industry to investigate the effects of entry liberalisation and privatisation on productivity, prices and quality of service in long-distance (domestic and international) and mobile cellular telephony services in 23 OECD countries over the 1991-1997 period. The data on regulation and market structure is analysed by means of factor analysis techniques in order to group countries according to their policy and market environments. Controlling for technology developments and differences in economic structure, panel data estimates show that prospective competition (as proxied by the number of years remaining to liberalisation) and effective competition (as proxied by the share of new entrants or by the number of competitors) both bring about productivity and quality improvements and reduce the prices of all the telecommunications services considered in the analysis ...
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  • 80
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2000/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. New York's School for the Physical City: Architectural Design Concerns
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: La School for the Physical City a été installée dans un immeuble de bureaux dans le centre financier et commercial de Manhattan pour 500 élèves de la sixième à la terminale, qui se servent de l’infrastructure de la ville pour étudier les disciplines scolaires traditionnelles. Il s’agit de l’une des petites écoles thématiques inaugurées en 1993/94 par le Conseil des écoles de New York avec l’aide de quatre organisations à but non lucratif, au titre d’un programme intitulé « Visions nouvelles pour l’école » qui relève de l’administration fédérale.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789164187673
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: How will the introduction of electricity market competition affect power generation and transmission technology? Which technologies are most likely to receive a push from competitive markets? These are the questions examined in this review, which considers a wide range of options in both generation and transmission. Competition strengthens the search for the most cost-effective technologies. All electricity generation technologies are affected: those for existing and new plants as well as those for improving capital and operating efficiency. In existing plants, reliability, life extension, operating flexibility and demand-side technology are some of the major factors of change. In new plants, gas turbines are set to continue their growth, but there is still a place for conventional steam and other power plants. New government policies for technology support and environmental protection also have a role in evolving technological choices when competition is introduced.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.161
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Both the magnitude and the composition of capital flows from rich to poor countries have changed markedly over the past decade. While official flows have stagnated, private flows have mushroomed and portfolio investment and bank lending have grown more rapidly than foreign direct investment (FDI), though with much higher volatility. Given the impact of investment decisions on patterns of resource use (including the environment), what are the implications of these trends? A bricks–and–mortar investment by a multinational corporation (MNC) requires consideration of environmental impacts in a way that neither a bank loan nor portfolio investment does. The evidence suggests that foreign direct investment (FDI), especially by large MNCs, is not concentrated in “dirty” industries, and where it does go into such sectors environmental performance of MNCs is usually above local standards. For smaller OECD investors, reliance on public–sector investment guarantee and insurance agencies can ...
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.30
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Public procurement review procedures are intended to guarantee effective remedies for complaints in public procurement. This paper guides central and eastern European countries that are seeking to join the European Union on how to identify the public procurement review procedures best suited to each country’s specificities. These countries are adapting their existing public procurement legislation to the European Council “Remedies Directives”. The annex contains summaries of complaint review systems in eleven western and eastern European countries. The purpose is to provide possible institutional reform models for central and eastern European countries.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2000/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper deals with the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) to economic growth and to labour and multi-factor productivity. It uses a well-established growth accounting framework to assess the role of ICTs as capital inputs and the contribution of these capital inputs to output growth. The paper provides an international perspective by presenting results for the G7 countries. For this purpose, data on ICT investment expenditure were compiled from several sources, to construct measures of ICT capital stocks and capital services. Special care was taken to account for the methodological differences in price deflators for computers as they exist across OECD countries. For all seven countries, the report finds that ICT capital goods have been important contributors to economic growth, although the role of ICT has been most accentuated in the United States. An important limitation of the study lies in the timeliness of internationally comparable data. ...
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.29
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Central and eastern European countries conduct public procurement on a highly decentralised basis, at the level of individual spending ministries, local authorities or other public bodies covered by the procurement law. However, in some cases, there may be advantages in mixing this approach with elements of centralisation, as is the case in many EU Member States. This paper reviews the experience of selected EU countries. The establishment in many central and eastern European countries of public procurement offices that are not responsible for actual purchasing but set national policy, organise training, draft legislation, etc., represents a great change from the earlier central monopoly purchasing systems. The purchasing function itself has been decentralised to hundreds or sometimes thousands of procuring entities. Many countries in the region see the new procurement model as part of the process of democratisation and do not want to replicate earlier institutions and mistakes. They are trying to move rapidly from one system to another. This paper sheds light on the various issues to be considered in deciding how procurement systems in these countries might evolve in the future. The target audience is primarily public procurement offices in Central and Eastern Europe, but the paper could also prove useful to other transition and developing countries that are in the process of modernising their procurement laws and systems.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2000/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un lieu d'accueil pour les étudiants handicapés : L'université de Grenoble en France
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: Students with physical disabilities at the University of Grenoble are offered a range of services provided by various specialised and complementary structures to meet the needs of student life. A number of associations and government sectors have joined forces in quite a unique way to build a university residence designed with the disabled in mind; others are coordinating initiatives to provide seamless infrastructure that makes it easier for students with disabilities to participate in education and leisure activities.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comparaison entre les Directives de la Communauté européenne concernant la passation des marchés et la Loi type de la CNUDCI
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This chart compares the EC Procurement Directives and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services. Most central and eastern European countries used the Model Law as the basis of their public procurement laws in the early 1990s. Now that many countries of the region are candidates for EU accession, they must adapt their laws to EC Directives. The aim of the chart is to assist in that process. The EC Procurement Directives were introduced into the European Union to further the EU’s policy of enabling enterprises from all EU states to compete fairly in public procurement markets. The most important objective of this policy is to prevent discrimination by procuring entities in favour of their own national enterprises. The EC Directives support this by, inter alia, requiring major contracts to be advertised, open to competition, and awarded through transparent procedures. These conditions make it difficult to disguise discrimination. The UNCITRAL Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services sets out procedures for the award of public contracts. It is designed for the use of countries introducing procurement laws, or reforming their procurement systems, with the aims of achieving economy and efficiency in public procurement and reducing corruption. The Model Law also seeks to promote international competition in public procurement markets. States should in general seek these objectives by advertising and holding a competition for procurements, and awarding contracts through transparent procedures.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.229
    Keywords: Economics ; Finland
    Abstract: This document examines Finland’s policy on natural and environmental resource management. In many fields, progress has been made and pollution curbed. However, there is still room for improvement with regard to cost-effectiveness. Economic evaluation of the measures planned in various fields should accordingly be more systematic. Until now, pollution abatement has been achieved largely through regulation; given the likelihood that very few least-cost options remain, it will be even more important to make wider use of economic instruments to minimise the cost of future measures. In order to ensure that Finnish enterprises remain competitive, energy and fuel taxes are heavier on households than on businesses (in particular the more energy-intensive ones, such as the wood and paper-pulp industries and the electricity sector). Restoring the balance in this area would bring about a marked improvement in the costeffectiveness of Finland’s policy to reduce CO2 emissions, and foster ...
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.264
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The relationships between trade and growth have long been a subject of considerable controversy among economists. In the early post-World War II period, many economic leaders concluded that protective trade policies stimulated growth, and import substitution policies were widely adopted by developing countries. By the 1980s, however, country-specific and general cross-country analyses had demonstrated the failure of the import substitution approach, and consequently export-oriented policies were widely adopted. While subsequent cross-country studies have generally indicated the growth effectiveness of outward-looking policies, recent criticisms of these studies (by Rodriguez and Rodrik, 1999, in particular) have called this conclusion into question ...
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264181298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Enhanced energy technology is the key to ensuring environmental sustainability together with economic growth and energy security. In the drive to develop cleaner, more efficient energy technologies, what role does international collaboration play? This publication provides an array of success stories illustrating how the International Energy Agency’s collaborative framework for energy technology development has speeded advances towards more comprehensive solutions. In coal combustion sciences, for example, one project generated equipment sales worth over $400 million in one participating country alone. More than 30 countries world-wide participate in the programme, which mobilises close to $150 million annually. Costs and resources are shared among participating governments, utilities, industries and universities, thus ensuring maximum yield from research budgets and avoiding unproductive duplication of effort. The technology collaboration programme operates through agreements among governments. The 40 currently active agreements focus on the dissemination of energy technology information, cleaner use of fossil fuels, development of renewable energy sources and systems, more efficient energy use and nuclear fusion technologies.
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.66
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapport sur les contrats régissant les flux transfrontières de données dans le cadre plus général des mécanismes de protection de la vie privée sur les réseaux mondiaux
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This 1999 report aims at helping to develop a common understanding of the use of contractual solutions in the context of B2B and B2C transborder data flows.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2000/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la gestion du patrimoine immobilier de l'enseignement supérieur : Le cas du Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The Higher Education Funding Councils for England, Scotland and Wales commissioned a research project into the development of estate management statistics for the higher education sector. The key tasks of the research were to identify key estate management “performance indicators”, develop robust definitions for the statistics underlying these indicators and produce preliminary comparative information.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.233
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    Abstract: The Mexican tax system encompasses a number of commendable features and disincentives to work, save and invest appear less severe than in most other OECD countries. However, the system also contains major deficiencies, which hampers the efficiency and equity of the system and contribute to the fact that Mexico has by far the lowest level of tax revenues in relation to GDP among the OECD countries. The main priorities for reform should be base broadening measures such as eliminating the tax preferences for agriculture, fisheries, publishing and land transportation; substantially reducing the vast number of zero-rated and exempted goods and services in the VAT system; and broadening the income base of individuals by taxing fringe benefits and eliminate the fiscal subsidy. Furthermore, increased taxation of property, in particular real estate, would be warranted from both a revenue-raising and distributional point of view. Finally, administration could be further improved through a ...
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.48
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The liberalisation of telecommunication markets has required a new set of regulatory principles that can ensure fair competition in the marketplace.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181014
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Hungary
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 1999 review of Hungary's energy policies and programmes. Hungary joined the International Energy Agency on 3 June 1997 as part of its transition toward a market economy and integration into the West that began after 1990. It also envisages accession to the European Union (EU) within the next three years. This will require further changes to the country’s energy sector that underwent considerable change during the transition years. Previously operated by the state-held body MVM, Hungary’s electricity supply industry was restructured and privatised, with generation, transmission and distribution now separate functions. But as the country’s wholesale company, MVM still dominates the industry. New legislation provides for regulated third party access and progressive market opening, starting with 10% by 2001. MOL is the sole domestic producer of oil and gas, but the oil retail market is now fully competitive. MOL and the gas distribution and supply companies have been privatised, and new legislation introducing competition into the gas market is to be completed by 2002. Hungary signed the Climate Convention in 1994 and is committed to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions. The country’s total primary energy supply collapsed after 1989 and is not expected to recover to previous levels before 2010, so Hungary is certain to fulfil its obligations. But scope exists for major energy efficiency improvements.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.239
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area ; Japan
    Abstract: This paper reviews some of the difficult challenges facing debt managers in the years to come. In countries experiencing a rapidly diminishing gross debt, particularly the United States, this raises the issue of whether private-sector securities can serve as a substitute for the traditionally important government debt market. In the euro area, following the creation of the common currency, the issue is how to avoid that independent debt management strategies hamper the creation of a more efficient euro-area financial market. Turning to Japan, the level of debt is projected to rise rapidly and there is a need to improve the liquidity of the Japanese government bond market. To this end, a number of measures could be introduced to make debt management more efficient, yielding significant cost saving ...
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2000/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Wired Versus Wireless
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Ce qui suit est une transcription remaniée d’un entretien accordé par Glenn Meeks et Prakash Nair à l’architecte et urbaniste américain Randall Fielding, rédacteur en chef de « Design Share » et collaborateur de « School Construction News » .
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  • 98
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2000/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Providing for Disabled Students: University of Grenoble, France
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: Les étudiants handicapés physiques à l’université de Grenoble bénéficient d’un ensemble de services fournis par différentes structures spécialisées et complémentaires pour répondre aux besoins de la vie étudiante. Plusieurs associations et secteurs gouvernementaux ont collaboré, d’une manière assez unique, à la construction d’une résidence universitaire adaptée ; d’autres encore coordonnent des actions pour assurer la continuité des infrastructures qui facilitent la poursuite d’études et les loisirs des personnes handicapées.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.160
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Are capital inflows associated with faster income growth? There are a large number of empirical studies that identify the most relevant determinants of a country’s growth rate. However, this literature has not explored the growth impact of the various types of capital inflows. The present study analyses the effects of the different components of private capital inflows on the growth of 44 developing countries. A dynamic panel with yearly data is estimated during the 1986-97 period. After controlling for the variables traditionally used in growth regressions, the following main conclusions emerge. First, foreign direct investment and portfolio equity flows exhibit a robust positive correlation with growth. Second, portfolio bond flows are not significantly linked to economic growth. Finally, in economies with undercapitalised banking systems, bank-related inflows are negatively correlated with the growth rate. This result holds for both short- and long-term bank-related ...
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.238
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper seeks to assess the impact of liberalisation and privatisation on performance in the generation segment of the electricity supply industry. Regulatory indicators for a panel of 19 OECD countries over a 10 year time period were constructed to examine the influence of regulatory reform on efficiency and price, and to assess the relative efficacy of different reform strategies. The presence of data with both cross-country and time-series dimensions allows separate identification of country specific and regulatory effects. The primary findings are that while changes in legal rules may be slow to translate into changes in conduct, unbundling of generation, private ownership, expanded access to transmission networks, and the introduction of electricity markets impact the performance measures in a statistically significant way ...
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