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  • 2005-2009  (1,272)
  • 1985-1989  (19)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (1,036)
  • Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques  (255)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264076037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 ; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described by this Test Guideline provides information that allows hazard assessment for short-term exposure to a test article by inhalation, and allows the substance to be classified according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The test method is based on a stepwise procedure, each step using 3 animals of each sex (the preferred species is rat). Animals are exposed in inhalation chambers to a pre-defined concentration for 4 hours. Absence or presence of compound-related mortality of the animals at one step will determine the next step. Animals in severe pain or distress should be humanely killed. The starting concentration is selected from one of four fixed levels corresponding to GHS categories 1-4 for gases, vapours or aerosols. Animals are observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity for a total of at least 14 days. Animals' body weights should be determined at least weekly. All the animals should be subjected to gross necropsy.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264066304
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of inshell hazelnuts in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in Inshell Hazelnuts.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264076372
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 ; Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 455 : Essai d'activation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir le récepteur d'œstrogène alpha humain transfecté de façon stable pour la détection de l'activité œstrogénique agoniste des substances testées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro assay, which provides mechanistical information, and can be used for screening and prioritization purposes. The test system utilises the hERalpha-HeLa-9903 cell line derived from a human cervical tumor and stably transfected. This cell line can measure the ability of a test chemical to induce hERalpha-mediated transactivation of luciferase gene expression. The cells are exposed to 7 non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test chemical for 20-24 hours to induce the reporter gene products. Four reference chemicals should be included in each experiment: a strong estrogen (17beta-estradiol), a weak estrogen (17alpha-estradiol), a very weak estrogen (17alpha-methyltestosterone) and a negative control (corticosterone). The activity of the luciferase enzyme is measured in a luminometer. A test chemical is considered to be positive if the maximum response induced is equal to or exceeds 10% of the response of the positive control (1 nM 17alpha-estradiol) in at least two of two or two of three runs. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264079205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products: (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbook on deriving capital measures of intellectual property products
    RVK:
    Keywords: Immaterialgüterrechte ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Economics ; Immaterialgut ; Immaterielles Wirtschaftsgut ; Messung ; System of National Accounts ; Kapitalbildung
    Abstract: The latest System of National Accounts (the 2008 SNA) explicitly recognises, for the first time, that expenditures on research and experimental development (R&D) should be recorded as capital formation. This is a natural extension to the 1993 SNA, which recommends recording many acquisitions of software and databases, mineral exploration, and entertainment, artistic and literary originals as capital formation, too. These products have a common characteristic, namely that their value reflects the underlying intellectual property they embody, which is why they are referred to collectively in this publication as intellectual property products (IPPs). But they also share another important characteristic: their measurement is not straightforward, and in the absence of clear guidance it is highly likely that estimates will not be comparable between countries. This Handbook is designed to provide that guidance by considering IPPs collectively, based on their common characteristics, by type, based on any specificities, such as data availability, and by detailed transaction - for example the valuation of IPPs that have been produced for internal use by their developers, the valuation of unsuccessful IPPs, and the production of IPPs produced and made freely available by government.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264064072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report explores the educational performance and attitudes of males and females during childhood and adolescence. It opens with a general summary of gender differences measured outside of the PISA assessment programme and then considers the knowledge gained about gender-related issues from PISA 2000, PISA 2003 and PISA 2006 when reading, mathematics and science respectively were the major domains of assessment. Among the key findings: in reading in PISA 2000, females significantly outscored males in all countries; in mathematics in PISA 2003, males outscored females somewhat; in the combined science scale in PISA 2006, there was no overall significant difference observed between males and females. However, when examining the various science competencies, knowledge components and attitudes to science, there were some marked differences.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264068391
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of potatoes in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in potatoes.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264044616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (554 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Productivity measurement and analysis
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Messung ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Produktivität ; Produktivitätsmessung ; Produktivitätszuwachs
    Abstract: Productivity measurement and analysis are the main topics addressed in this book, which brings together contributions presented and discussed in two international workshops organized by the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) of the OECD. The first workshop was organised jointly by the OECD with Fundaccion BBVA and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas and held in Madrid in October 2005, and the second one was organized jointly by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland and held in Bern in October 2006. The two workshops brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other branches of government in OECD countries that are engaged in the analysis and the measurement of productivity developments at aggregate and industry levels.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264071223
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 ; Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 453 : Études combinées de toxicité chronique et de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study is to identify carcinogenic and the majority of chronic effects, and to determine dose-response relationships following prolonged and repeated exposure. The rat is typically used for this study. For rodents, each dose group and concurrent control group intended for the carcinogenicity phase of the study should contain at least 50 animals of each sex, while for the chronic toxicity phase of the study should contain at least 10 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels should be used, in addition to the concurrent control group for both the chronic toxicity phase and the carcinogenicity phase of the study. The three main routes of administration are oral, dermal, and inhalation. The Test Guideline focuses on the oral route of administration. The period of dosing and duration of the study is normally 12 months for the chronic phase, and 24 months for the carcinogenicity phase. The study report should include: measurements (weighing) and regular detailed observations (haematological examination, urinalysis, clinical chemistry), as well as necropsy procedures and histopathology. All these observations permit the detection of neoplastic effects and a determination of carcinogenic potential as well as the general toxicity.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264049048
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Finland's tertiary education system including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of the strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264039308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Norway's tertiary education system including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommmedations for future policy development.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264039360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Spain
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This review, designed to help Spain understand how improving tertiary education can help it achieve its economic and social goals, presents an overview of Spain's tertiary education system, an account of trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendation for future development.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago : Ministry of Education, Chile
    ISBN: 9789264054189
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 p.)
    Series Statement: Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Tertiary Education in Chile 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Tertiary Education in Chile 2009
    Keywords: Education ; Chile
    Abstract: Este informe conjunto de la OCDE y el Banco Mundial, entrega una breve visión de la educación post-secundaria en Chile y describe su desarrollo en los últimos veinte años. Presenta un análisis del sistema, identifica direcciones clave para reformar las políticas a la luz de los desafíos que deben enfrentar autoridades, comunidades, empresas, educadores, padres y estudiantes.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068322
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication provides comments and illustrations of standards in force regarding the classification, presentation and marking of pears in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It is a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in trade in pears.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059573
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; China ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: With more than 700 million residents living in rural areas, China is still a predominantly rural country. But despite substantial improvements in standards of living, the Chinese countryside is largely lagging behind. This report analyses the key socio-economic forces at work in China's rural areas and discusses the current government strategy for rural development. It argues that in order to bridge rural-urban divides the current policy approach needs to go further in recognising rural-urban complementarities beyond agriculture and that food-security targets need to be balanced with wider rural development objectives.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264077195
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Appraisal of the Chilean Fisheries Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile es uno de los participantes más importantes del ámbito pesquero internacional. Este informe describe el reto que ha supuesto el complejo proceso de aprendizaje que el sector pesquero y acuícola chileno ha llevado a cabo y la evolución de sus políticas y sistemas de gestión. Pero durante los últimos cincuenta años el gobierno de los sectores industrial, artesanal y acuícola ha seguido diferentes trayectorias de desarrollo de políticas y la gestión actual refleja las presiones concretas a las que cada segmento del sector hace frente. Chile ha tenido que afrontar cuestiones de sobreinversión, severos descensos en los niveles de captura, disputas entre las partes implicadas, disminución del tamaño de las flotas y enfermedades acuícolas, entre otras. Y la evolución de las políticas continúa, con una serie de iniciativas en marcha para responder a los desafíos actuales. El Estado Chileno ha sido una de las principales fuerzas que se encuentran tras estos avances, sirviendo de base para un sector pesquero y acuícola sólido y robusto.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264070783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 ; Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation ; étude sur 28 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 412 : Toxicité subaigüe par inhalation : étude sur 28 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This revised Test Guideline 412 (TG 412) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a limited period of time (28 days), and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 5 male and 5 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 28 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test article. This guideline allows the study director the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264050815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: What does PISA actually assess? This book presents all the publicly available questions from the PISA surveys. Some of these questions were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys and others were used in developing and trying out the assessment. After a brief introduction to the PISA assessment, the book presents three chapters, including PISA questions for the reading, mathematics and science tests, respectively. Each chapter presents an overview of what exactly the questions assess. The second section of each chapter presents questions which were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, that is, the actual PISA tests for which results were published. The third section presents questions used in trying out the assessment. Although these questions were not used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, they are nevertheless illustrative of the kind of question PISA uses. The final section shows all the answers, along with brief comments on each question.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264060326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The revised OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises were adopted by the governments of the 30 Member countries of the OECD and Argentina, Brazil and Chile on the occasion of the OECD's annual Council meeting at Ministerial level in Paris on 27 June 2000. This booklet comprises the revised text and commentary, implementation procedures and the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264039322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Japan
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, tertiary education systems have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. Within governance frameworks that encourage institutions, individually and collectively, to fulfil multiple missions, tertiary education systems must aim for the broad objectives of growth, full employment and social cohesion. In this context, the OECD launched a major review of tertiary education with the participation of 24 nations. The principal objective of the review is to assist countries in understanding how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help them achieve their economic and social goals. Japan is one of 14 countries which opted to host a Country Review, in which a team of external reviewers carried out an in-depth analysis of tertiary education policies. This report includes: an overview of Japan's tertiary education system; an account of trends and developments in tertiary education in Japan; an analysis of the strengths and challenges in tertiary education in Japan; and recommendations for future policy development. This review of tertiary education in Japan forms part of the OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education, a project conducted between 2004 and 2008.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264060753
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Guidance Manual includes detailed explanations on how to implement the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended; copies of the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL (Annex A), including Appendices 3 and 4, and Appendix 8 which have been amended by C(2008)156; the updated consolidated lists of waste subject to the Green and Amber control procedures (Annexes B and C); other relevant information to facilitate the implementation of the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, such as applicable international transport agreements and a sample contract; and queries of the interactive database aiming to facilitate the paperwork of all parties involved in transboundary movements of wastes by providing the necessary information to complete the forms for the notification and movement documents. The database includes the information required by the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended and some practical information for each OECD member country (http://www2.oecd.org/waste).
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264076303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 ; Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 437 : Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test method (BCOP) is an in vitro test method that can be used to classify substances as 'ocular corrosives and severe irritants'. The BCOP uses isolated corneas from the eyes of cattle slaughtered for commercial purposes, thus avoiding the use of laboratory animals. Each treatment group (test substance, negative/positive controls) consists of a minimum of three eyes where the cornea has been excised and mounted to a holder. Depending on the physical nature and chemical characteristics of the test substance, different methods can be used for its application since the critical factor is ensuring that the test substance adequately covers the epithelial surface. Toxic effects to the cornea are measured as opacity and permeability, which when combined gives an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for each treatment group. A substance that induces an IVIS superior or equal to 55.1 is defined as a corrosive or severe irritant.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264075962
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2009 Supplement 1; OECD Review of Budgeting in Mexico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2009 Supplement 1: OECD Review of Budgeting in Mexico
    Keywords: Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: A lo largo de la última década, México ha experimentado una reforma económica y política significativa. Durante este periodo se han registrado importantes mejoras en la salud de las finanzas públicas que deja a México en mejor postura para soportar la actual crisis económica global. Desde 2006 el gobierno mexicano ha avanzado con la aprobación de una serie de leyes y reformas dirigidas a enfrentar los retos estructurales, mejorar la responsabilidad y transparencia fiscales, y crear un proceso y un marco presupuestarios más eficientes y transparentes en línea con las prácticas internacionales. El informe comenta las recientes reformas en México y los sistemas actuales para la formulación del presupuesto, la función del Congreso, la ejecución del presupuesto y la gestión financiera, así como la rendición de cuentas de los resultados (presupuesto basado en resultados). Además, el informe formula propuestas para futuras reformas.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264076341
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This joint publication of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) and the World Bank complements the recommendations of the System of National Accounts, 1993 (1993 SNA), and reflects changes and improvements that have been introduced to the system of national accounts since its last revision in 1993. Along with the 1993 SNA, Updates and Amendments supports the implementation of international standards of national accounting and provides the methodological basis for improving the international comparability of national accounts data. The publication contains the text of the 1993 SNA that has been updated as a result of the adoption of new international standards for the statistical measurement of financial derivatives. It also includes four functional classifications that were fully elaborated and updated after the 1993 SNA was published. It also provides for the first time a glossary of terms and definitions. Languages: [Arabic]; [Chinese]; [English]; [Russian]; [Spanish]
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264073579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report is based on four main sources: an extensive literature review, the analysis of theanswers to a questionnaire sent to FATF and FSRB members; the results of a typology workshop andsubsequent consultation with the football sector. Results to the questionnaire were obtained in October 2008 from 25 countries, mostly European,seven South-American countries, two from Asia and Australia. The responding countries differ widely insize, role and organisation of football in society (ranging from large countries with big football leagues tosmaller nations or nations with only non-professional football). Differences in information, position andinterest in the person or organisation that provided the answers (national football association, governmentrepresentatives, national FIUs, the police or judicial authorities) needed to be taken into consideration aswell.Following the analysis of questionnaires, a workshop on money laundering and the footballsector was held in Monaco in November 2008 as part of the 2008 FATF/MONEYVAL Typologiesmeeting. This workshop was very well supported by members of the FATF, MONEYVAL andrepresentatives of other countries. The following participants were involved in the 2-day breakout sessionwhich considered issues in depth: Belgium, Brazil, Cyprus, Egmont Group, France, International OlympicCommittee (IOC), Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, theNetherlands and the United Kingdom.The study has also relied on the experience and cooperation of the private sector. Arepresentative of the IOC attended the Monaco workshop in November 2008. Consultation withrepresentatives of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and of the Union ofEuropean Football Associations (UEFA) also took place in January and April 2009. Those representativesreceived a copy of the report and were given the opportunity to comment. All the comments of the private sector were taken into account when considered relevant.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de l'OCDE sur les statistiques des brevets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD patent statistics manual
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Patent ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Anleitung ; Patent ; Statistik
    Abstract: This 2009 edition of the OECD Patent Statistics Manual takes stock of the recent developments in the field. It provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order to maximise information on S&T activities while minimising statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent data can be used in the analysis of a wide array of topics related to technical change and patenting activity including industry-science linkages, patenting strategies by companies, internationalisation of research, and indicators on the value of patents.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264059726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la mise en œuvre des stratégies de simplification administrative ; Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies; Guidance for Policy Makers (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Surmonter les obstacles à la mise en œuvre des stratégies de simplification administrative : Orientations destinées aux décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Barriers to Administrative Simplification Strategies: Guidance for Policy Makers (Arabic version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Governments face the challenge of rationalising and minimising administrative burdens imposed by bureaucratic requirements. At the same time, they need to use administrative procedures as a source of information and a tool for implementing public policies. Administrative simplification strategies are designed to streamline procedures, reduce complexity, paperwork and uncertainty. This guide draws on the experience of, and policy dialogue between, member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Middle East and North African countries (MENA). It reviews common barriers to designing and implementing a strategy for administrative simplification and offers 22 approaches to overcome them, providing a synthesis of good practices among policy makers and practitioners working on cutting red tape.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264054950
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement ; Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento; Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Adaptation au changement climatique et coopération pour le développement : Document d'orientation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento: Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Integrating climate change adaptation into development co-operation
    DDC: 363.73874
    RVK:
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Environment ; Development ; Klimaänderung ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
    Abstract: The negative impacts of climate change will hit poor people and poor countries disproportionately, and further compromise the achievement of their development objectives. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation provides essential information and advice on how to facilitate the integration of adaptation into development processes. The objectives of this policy guidance are to: i) promote understanding of the implications of climate change on development practice and the associated need to mainstream climate adaptation in development co-operation agencies and partner countries; ii) identify appropriate approaches for integrating climate change adaptation into development policies at national, sectoral and project levels and in urban and rural contexts; and iii) identify practical ways for donors to support developing country partners in their efforts to reduce their vulnerability to climate variability and climate change. While efforts to integrate climate change adaptation will be led by developing country partners, international donors have a critical role to play in supporting such efforts.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264070806
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 ; Toxicité subchronique par inhalation ; 90 jours
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 413 : Toxicité subchronique par inhalation : 90 jours
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This revised Test Guideline 413 (TG 413) has been designed to fully characterize test article toxicity by the inhalation route following repeated exposure for a period of 90 days, and to provide data for quantitative inhalation risk assessments. It was updated in 2017 to enable the testing and characterisation of effects of nanomaterials tested. Groups of at least 10 male and 10 female rodents are exposed 6 hours per day for 90 days to a) the test chemical at three or more concentration levels, b) filtered air (negative control), and/or c) the vehicle (vehicle control). Animals are generally exposed 5 days per week but exposure for 7 days per week is also allowed. Males and females are always tested, but they may be exposed at different concentration levels if it is known that one sex is more susceptible to a given test chemical. The results of the study include measurement and daily and detailed observations (haematology and clinical chemistry), as well as ophthalmology, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology. This Test Guideline allows the flexibility to include satellite (reversibility) groups, interim sacrifices, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung burden (LB) for particles, neurologic tests, and additional clinical pathology and histopathological evaluations in order to better characterize the toxicity of a test chemical.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264062238
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (143 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264071230
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 453; Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 453: Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L'objectif d'une étude combinée de toxicité chronique/cancérogénèse est l’identification des effets cancérigènes et chroniques dans des espèces mammifères, et la détermination des relations dose-effets à la suite d’une exposition prolongée et répétée. Le rat est typiquement utilisé dans cette étude. Pour les rongeurs, chaque groupe de dose et groupe témoin de la phase « cancérogénèse » contient au moins 50 animaux de chaque sexe, tandis que pour la phase « toxicité chronique », chaque groupe contient 10 animaux de chaque sexe. Au moins trois niveaux de dose et un témoin sont utilisés pour chacune des phases « cancérogénèse » et « Toxicité chronique ». Les trois voies d'administration principales sont les voies orales, cutanées, et l’inhalation. La Ligne directrice traite plus particulièrement de la voie orale. La durée de l'étude est normalement de 12 mois pour la phase « toxicité chronique » et de 24 mois pour la phase « cancérogénèse ». Le rapport d’étude inclut des mesures (pesée) et observations détaillées régulières (examen hématologique, analyse d'urine, chimie clinique), tout comme des procédures d'autopsie et l'histopathologie. Toutes ces observations permettent la détection des effets néoplasiques et la détermination du potentiel cancérigène, ainsi que la détermination de la toxicité générale.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264076235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 230; 21-day Fish Assay; A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 230: 21-day Fish Assay: A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo de certaines substances actives sur le système endocrinien sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). Cet essai couvre le dépistage de l’activité oestrogénique, androgénique, et l’inhibition de l’aromatase. L’essai a été validé sur le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), le médaka japonnais (Oryzias latipes) et le poisson-zèbre (Danio rerio); cependant le poisson-zèbre ne permet pas de détecter l’activité androgénique. A l’issue de la période d’exposition de 21 jours, en fonction de l’espèce testée, un ou deux biomarqueur(s) sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur l’activité oestrogénique, androgénique ou sur l’inhibition de l’aromatase. Ces biomarqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. La vitellogénine est dosée chez le tête-de-boule, le medaka japonais et le poisson-zèbre tandis que les caractères sexuels secondaires sont mesurés chez le tête-de-boule et le medaka japonais uniquement.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 141-197
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 57 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Texts
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 141-197
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: République du Bélarus Loi relative à l’utilisation de l’énergie nucléaire (2008)Décret relatif à certaines mesures à prendre en vue de la construction d’une centrale nucléaire (2007)Règlement relatif au Département de la sûreté nucléaire et de la sûreté radiologique du Ministère des situations d’urgence de la République du Bélarus (2007)Résolution du Conseil de sécurité sur le développement de l’énergie nucléaire (2008) Espagne Loi portant création du Conseil de la sécurité nucléaire (2007)
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing : Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
    ISBN: 9789264062405
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (171 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Latin American Economic Outlook 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives économiques de l'Amérique latine 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina 2008
    Keywords: Development
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 135-139
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Travaux réglementaires internationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 135-139
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This revised proposal,1 adopted by the European Commission on 26 November 2008, replaces and updates the one tabled in September 2004.2 It is based on the principles and requirements of both the Convention on Nuclear Safety3 (CNS) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safety Fundamentals.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-126
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: It is time to deliver for women and girls. Africa’s growth and development agenda can only succeed if the continent is able to draw on all its resources and talents, and if women are able to participate fully in economic, social and political life. This will require intensified efforts to eliminate discrimination and promote equal rights. The strong commitment which has been demonstrated by African governments needs to be complemented by strong support from the wider international community, within the framework of a clear allocation of responsibilities, and the clear mapping out of specific steps and measures.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 96 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compendium of Country Examples and Lessons Learned from Applying the Methodology for Assessment of National Procurement Systems: Sharing Experiences
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 65-160
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Ce document présente l’expérience de 22 pays d’Afrique, d’Amérique latine et d’Asie et les enseignements qu’ils ont tirés de l’application de la Méthodologie d’évaluation des régimes nationaux de passation des marchés proposée par l’Activité conjointe du CAD-OCDE sur la passation des marchés. La Méthodologie a été mise au point et jugée apte à être testée sur le terrain en 2006 comme un outil visant à faciliter la réalisation des objectifs de la Déclaration de Paris et à promouvoir le renforcement des systèmes de passation des marchés. Elle est le résultat des efforts conjoints de partenaires du développement multilatéraux et bilatéraux et de pays partenaires à travers le monde. Ces expériences et enseignements constituent les premiers résultats obtenus par un panel de gouvernements partenaires qui se sont portés volontaires travaillant en coopération avec les parties prenantes nationales de la société civile, du secteur privé, des médias, des membres élus des assemblées représentatives et leurs partenaires du développement international. Le présent document se limite à la mise en commun des expériences relatives à l’utilisation de la Méthodologie. Les exemples pays tirés des exercices pilotes et d’autres applications sont utilisés au titre d’études de cas. On trouvera en Annexe A une cartographie des expériences de divers pays ayant appliqué la Méthodologie. Ce document a pour ambition de réunir des informations contextuelles utiles tirées de diverses sources.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/07
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.167
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report gives an overview of sensor technology and fields of application of sensors and sensor networks. It discusses in detail selected fields of application that have high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reviews studies quantifying the environmental impact. The review of the studies assessing the impact of sensor technology in reducing greenhouse gas emissions reveals that the technology has a high potential to contribute to a reduction of emissions across various fields of application. Whereas studies clearly estimate an overall strong positive effect in smart grids, smart buildings, smart industrial applications as well as precision agriculture and farming, results for the field of smart transportation are mixed due to rebound effects. In particular intelligent transport systems render transport more efficient, faster and cheaper. As a consequence, demand for transportation and thus the consumption of resources both increase which can lead to an overall negative effect.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 7-54
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres : L'emploi et la protection sociale
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 4, p. 7-54
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Employment and social protection are two critical avenues towards achieving pro-poor growth and the Millennium Development Goals. In developing countries the majority of poor people work, but employment conditions are poor, productivity is low and incomes inadequate. Policies that improve conditions in the informal economy, increase the productivity and employability of poor people and improve the enabling environment for local entrepreneurship will lead to better employment outcomes. Social protection enables households to invest in productive activities and human capital, which raises their productivity and incomes. Social protection can be affordable, including for low-income countries, and efficiently tackles poverty through improved health, increased school attendance and less hunger and malnutrition. There is growing demand in developing countries for more public action on social protection and employment. To help donors respond, at its High Level Meeting on 27-28 May 2009 the DAC endorsed the following policy statement which encourages donors to provide adequate, long-term and predictable financial assistance to underpin developing countries’ efforts to build social protection systems and to make employment and decent work a key objective of development co-operation. In addition, through its Network on Poverty Reduction (POVNET), the DAC has developed policy guidance notes for donors on employment and social protection.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264059672
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Aid at a Glance 2008; Statistics by Region
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Aid at a Glance 2008: Statistics by Region
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264077904
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Society at a Glance 2009; OECD Social Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la société 2009 ; Les indicateurs sociaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gesellschaft auf einen Blick 2009; OECD-Sozialindikatoren
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Society at a Glance 2009: OECD Social Indicators
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Panorama de la société 2009 : Les indicateurs sociaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gesellschaft auf einen Blick 2009: OECD-Sozialindikatoren
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: How are OECD societies progressing? How effective are their actions in promoting social progress? Society at a Glance provides a basis for addressing these twin questions. It offers a concise overview of quantitative social trends and policies across the OECD. This 2009 edition includes a wide range of information on social issues – such as demography and family characteristics, employment and unemployment, poverty and inequality, social and health care expenditure, and work and life satisfaction –as well as a guide to help readers understand the structure of OECD social indicators. In addition to updating some of the indicators from previous editions, Society at a Glance 2009 adds several new and innovative social indicators, including adult height, perceived health status, risky youth behaviour and bullying. For the first time, the report also provides a condensed set of headline social indicators summarising social well-being in OECD countries. In addition, a special chapter examines leisure time across the OECD.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 29-31
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Summary Notes
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 29-31
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: États-Unis Loi approuvant l’accord 123 entre les États-Unis et l’Inde (2008) Agence Internationale De L’Énergie Atomique Approbation par le Conseil des Gouverneurs de l’AIEA de l’accord sur les garanties conclu avec l’Inde (2008) Groupe Des Fournisseurs Nucléaires Déclaration sur la coopération nucléaire civile avec l’Inde (2008)
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 57-121
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 66 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prosecuting Cartels without Direct Evidence of Agreement
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 57-121
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Tous les pays utilisent des preuves indirectes dans les affaires d'entente. La meilleure pratique consiste à utiliser des preuves indirectes dans une perspective d'ensemble, afin de générer un effet cumulatif, plutôt que sur une base individuelle. Les législations nationales sur la concurrence contiennent des dispositions qui compliquent l'utilisation de preuves indirectes car elles ne donnent pas toutes la même définition de la nature des " accords " soumis à la loi. Il existe deux catégories générales de preuves indirectes : celles fondées sur une communication et celles de nature économique. Des deux, les preuves fondées sur une communication sont considérées comme les plus importantes. Les preuves de nature économique sont presque toujours ambiguës. Elles peuvent corroborer l'existence d'une entente comme celle d'une action indépendante. C'est pourquoi une analyse détaillée est de mise. Le traitement national des ententes, considérées comme un délit pénal ou une infraction administrative, peut influer sur la charge de la preuve qui s'applique à l'affaire, et donc sur l'utilisation des preuves indirectes. Il peut être difficile de convaincre les tribunaux d'accepter des preuves indirectes dans des affaires d'entente, surtout lorsque la responsabilité potentielle liée à la violation de dispositions prohibant les ententes contenues dans la législation sur la concurrence est élevée. Dans les pays dans lesquels l'application de la législation contre les ententes est relativement récente, certaines circonstances peuvent influer sur la confiance accordée aux preuves indirectes.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 63-85
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: More action is needed, by both Africa and the wider international community. Building peace and security is essential, both for economic development and for poverty reduction. Leadership is being taken by Africa itself. The number of conflicts has fallen. But even so, one-fifth of the population of Africa still live in conflict zones. More action is needed both to strengthen and support Africa’s own efforts to bring peace to the continent, and to tackle the wider global drivers of conflict, including the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons, and the trade in conflict resources.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264060548
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous ; Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement - Messages clés pour les décideurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De l'eau pour tous : Perspectives de l'OCDE sur la tarification et le financement - Messages clés pour les décideurs
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Water is vital for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. The situation is becoming more urgent due to increasing pressure, competition and even conflict over the use of water resources. The OECD has been working for many years to address these challenges. The results of recent work are summarised in Managing Water for All: An OECD Perspective on Pricing and Financing, which emphasises the economic and financial aspects of water resources management and water service provision, the need for an integrated approach (including governance considerations) to address these complex policy challenges, and the importance of establishing a firm evidence base to support policy development and implementation. The report examines: strategic financial planning for water supply and sanitation that balances the key sources of revenues for the water sector – the“3Ts” of taxes, tariffs and transfers; the design and implementation of water pricing strategies that balance financial sustainability with other policy objectives; recent developments in private sector participation in the water sector; and trends and the future outlook of water use in agriculture. It considers both developing and OECD countries and offers concrete recommendations and checklists for action. The report is an invaluable resource for policy makers, academics, NGOs and all others interested in the challenges facing the water sector today. The key messages for policy makers are summarised in this volume.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264076297
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 437; Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 437: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai d’opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l’identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l’œil (OPCB) est une méthode d’essai in vitro pouvant être utilisée pour classer des substances parmi les substances « corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l’œil ». La méthode OPCB utilise des cornées isolées provenant d’yeux de bovins abattus à des fins commerciales, évitant ainsi l’utilisation d’animaux de laboratoire. Chaque groupe de traitement (substance d’essai et témoins négatifs et positifs) est composé de trois yeux au minimum, dont la cornée a été prélevée et placée dans la chambre d’un porte-cornée. En fonction des propriétés physico-chimiques de la substance d’essai, différentes méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour l’appliquer, mais il est important que la substance recouvre bien la surface épithéliale. Les effets toxiques pour la cornée sont estimés à partir des mesures de son opacité et de sa perméabilité, qui une fois combinées, fournissent le score d’irritation in vivo (SIIV) pour chaque groupe de traitement. Une substance qui induit un SIIV≥ 55.1 est classée « corrosive ou fortement irritante ».
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 147-151
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Regulatory Activities
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 147-151
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: La proposition révisée1, adoptée par la Commission européenne le 26 novembre 2008, remplace et met à jour celle présentée en septembre 20042. Elle se base sur les principes et exigences de la Convention sur la sûreté nucléaire (CSN)3 et les principes fondamentaux de sûreté de l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique (AIEA).
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-98
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Jurisprudence
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 87-98
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; France ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: By decision dated 7 April 2009, Mr. Justice Hughes of the Federal Court of Canada denied an application for judicial review submitted by Linda Keen, the former President of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), by which she challenged the legality of the Order in Council which removed her as President. The court dismissed the application,2 finding that the decision had been lawful.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 95-108
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 14 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Case Law
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 95-108
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; France ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Dans une décision rendue le 7 avril 2009, le juge Hughes, de la Cour fédérale du Canada a refusé la demande de révision judiciaire soumise par Linda Keen, l’ancienne présidente de la Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire (CCSN). Mme Keen remettait en cause la légalité du décret la congédiant de son poste de présidente. La Cour a rejeté la demande2 et conclu que la décision était légitime.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-60
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prestation de services dans les situations de fragilité : Principaux concepts, constats et enseignements
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-60
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The establishment of effective and durable public services is a first priority in situations of fragility and conflict. This paper provides an understanding of the mutual influence of state fragility and service delivery and offers guidance to strengthen service provision and governance in these states. Based on an analysis of the major policy issues and approaches available, the paper identifies the challenges and dilemmas the international community and its partners face in fragile settings. It concludes with a set of policy lessons and recommendations intended to help donors better target their interventions.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264072992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-65
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 60 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Service delivery in fragile situations: Key concepts, findings and lessons
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-65
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La mise en place de services publics efficaces et pérennes est une priorité dans les États fragiles ou affectés par un conflit. Ce rapport permet de mieux comprendre la relation entre la fragilité de l’État et la fourniture de services, et donne des orientations aux donneurs qui souhaitent renforcer la fourniture de services et les structures de gouvernance dans ces États. A partir d’une analyse des principales questions qui se posent aux pouvoirs publics et des approches à leur disposition, le rapport recense les défis et difficultés auxquels doivent faire face la communauté internationale et ses partenaires dans les situations précaires. En conclusion, le rapport dégage des enseignements de l’expérience et formule des recommandations destinées à aider les donneurs à mieux cibler leurs interventions.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264007680
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linking Regions and Central Governments; Contracts for Regional Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linking Regions and Central Governments: Contracts for Regional Development
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Spain
    Abstract: La décentralisation s’est accrue et cela a renforcé la responsabilité des niveaux de gouvernement infranationaux dans la fourniture d’un ensemble de biens et services publics. Cependant, il est très rare qu’ils agissent de manière indépendante. Cet ouvrage fournit un cadre analytique unique permettant d’évaluer les accords pluriniveaux, qui est ensuite appliqué à cinq cas nationaux de politique de développement régional : l’Allemagne, le Canada, l’Espagne, la France et l’Italie. Cette étude souligne l’importance des arrangements contractuels pour adapter localement les interdépendances entre acteurs publics, pour clarifier leurs responsabilités, établir un dialogue entre les parties et permettre l’apprentissage.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264071216
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 452; Chronic Toxicity Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 452: Chronic Toxicity Studies
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: L’objectif des études de toxicité chronique est de caractériser le profil d’une substance dans des espèces mammifères (essentiellement rongeurs) à la suite d’une exposition prolongée et répétée. La Ligne directrice porte particulièrement sur les rongeurs et l’administration orale. Les deux sexes doivent être employés. Pour des rongeurs, chaque groupe de traitement contient au moins 20 animaux de chaque sexe, tandis que pour des non-rongeurs, un minimum de 4 animaux de chaque sexe par groupe est recommandé. Au moins trois niveaux de dose doivent être employés en plus du groupe témoin. Normalement, la fréquence de l’exposition est quotidienne, mais elle peut varier selon la voie choisie (orale, cutanée ou inhalation) et elle est ajustée selon le profil toxicocinétique de la substance d’essai. La durée de la période d’exposition est d’au moins 12 mois. Les résultats de ces études incluent des mesures (pesée), des observations détaillées régulières (examen hématologique, analyse d’urine, chimie clinique), ainsi que des procédures d’autopsie et l’histopathologie.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 49-105
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ententes : Poursuites en l'absence de preuves directes
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 49-105
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Circumstantial evidence is employed in cartel cases in all countries. The better practice is to use circumstantial evidence holistically, giving it cumulative effect, rather than on an item-by-item basis. Complicating the use of circumstantial evidence are provisions in national competition laws that variously define the nature of agreements that are subject to the law. There are two general types of circumstantial evidence: communication evidence and economic evidence. Of the two, communication evidence is considered to be the more important. Economic evidence is almost always ambiguous. It could be consistent with either agreement or independent action. Therefore it requires careful analysis. National treatment of cartels, such as whether they are prosecuted as crimes or as administrative violations, can affect the burden of proof that applies to the cases, and hence the use of circumstantial evidence. It can be difficult to convince courts to accept circumstantial evidence in cartel cases, especially where the potential liability for having violated the anti-cartel provisions of the competition law is high. There are circumstances in countries that are relatively new to anti-cartel enforcement that could affect the extent to which they rely on circumstantial evidence in their cases.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264049611
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008; (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008: (Polish version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Poland
    Abstract: Bien que la Pologne ait réussi à maintenir depuis le milieu des années 90 une forte croissance, la deuxième plus élevée des pays de l’OCDE en 2006-2007, les disparités territoriales persistent et se creusent, surtout entre les grandes agglomérations et les zones rurales. Comme de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, la Pologne doit s’employer à trouver un juste équilibre entre l’aide aux pôles de croissance et le développement des régions en retard, en particulier les régions périphériques de l’Est -- les plus pauvres de l'Union européenne. Ce rapport étudie les multiples défis pour la politique de développement régional en Pologne, et formule des recommandations, en s’attachant en particulier aux problèmes de gouvernance.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264050853
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Pour une meilleure aide au développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 2008 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration; Making Aid More Effective by 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. 2008 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration: Making Aid More Effective by 2010
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport d’enquête apporte des éléments de réponse à la dernière enquête de suivi de la mise en œuvre de la Déclaration de Paris et évalue les progrès accomplis dans 55 pays partenaires. Il permet de comprendre en quoi il est difficile d’accroître l’efficacité de l’aide au développement. À moins d’intensifier considérablement leurs efforts, les pays partenaires et les bailleurs de fonds ne réussiront pas à tenir les engagements internationaux et objectifs-cibles auxquels ils ont souscrit en vue de rendre l’aide efficace d’ici 2010. Il faut agir maintenant. Ce rapport formule trois recommandations d’action à haut niveau qui contribueront à accélérer le processus et à faire de la relation d’aide un véritable partenariat.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MADRID : Dirección General de Tráfico, Spain
    ISBN: 9789282102374
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (277 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Speed Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion de la vitesse
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264034044
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Series Statement: Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies; Kazakhstan 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies: Kazakhstan 2007
    Keywords: Governance ; Kazakhstan
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Madrid : Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP), Spain
    ISBN: 9789264062634
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Red Tape; National Strategies for Administrative Simplification
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Éliminer la paperasserie ; Des stratégies nationales pour simplifier les formalités administratives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reduzindo burocracia; Estratégias nacionais de simplificação administrativa
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cutting Red Tape: National Strategies for Administrative Simplification
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Éliminer la paperasserie : Des stratégies nationales pour simplifier les formalités administratives
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reduzindo burocracia: Estratégias nacionais de simplificação administrativa
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La mayoría de los países de la OCDE han hecho una prioridad la elaboración de políticas para disminuir las cargas administrativas (reducir el papeleo). La burocracia es onerosa particularmente para las empresas pequeñas y puede inhibir el emprendimiento. Estos efectos son más costosos en los mercados mundiales, en donde la competitividad puede ser afectada por la eficiencia de la regulación local y el entorno administrativo. Pero también los ciudadanos y las grandes empresas se quejan de la elaboración de reportes solicitados que son innecesarios.¿Qué pueden hacer los gobiernos al respecto? Las estrategias incluyen establecer metas cuantitativas para reducir las cargas administrativas cuando se diseñan o modifican normativas existentes; codificación; mejorar la coordinación multi-nivel; y la introducción rápida de servicios de e-gobierno. Cada vez más los gobiernos asignan responsabilidad a una unidad administrativa central apoyados por grupos de trabajo y comités externos. Este acercamiento de “gobierno entero” representa un paso mayor en los años recientes incrustando la simplificación administrativa en todo el sistema de calidad normativo en el nivel nacional.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264076204
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229; Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229: Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). L’essai à court terme de reproduction a été validé chez le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), qui est donc l’espèce de prédilection. L’essai est mené avec trois niveaux de concentration chimique et les contrôles appropriés, y compris un contrôle contenant le solvent si nécessaire. Pour le tête-de-boule, quatre réplicats sont utilisés pour chaque niveau de concentration et contrôle(s). Pendant toute la durée de l’essai, la fécondité est en outre évaluée quotidiennement sur le plan quantitatif. A l’issue de cette période d’exposition de 21 jours, deux biomarqueurs sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur le système endocrinien ; ces biomarqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. Les gonades sont préservées et l’histopathologie gonadique peut être utilisée pour évaluer l’adaptation du système reproducteur des animaux testés et pour confirmer les éléments de preuve apportés par les autres biomarqueurs.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264075894
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Turning African Agriculture into a Business; A Reader
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Turning African Agriculture into a Business: A Reader
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: L’agriculture africaine est un géant endormi. Dans la plupart des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, l’agro-industrie en est encore à ses balbutiements. Nombre d’entre eux paient désormais le prix fort pour leurs importations de denrées alimentaires et tentent de juguler les pressions inflationnistes. En raison de la vigueur attendue des prix alimentaires mondiaux à long terme, l’augmentation de la productivité des cultures vivrières devient une priorité absolue pour l’Afrique. Cela suppose d’investir massivement dans les infrastructures d’irrigation, d’entreposage et de transports, mais aussi de faciliter l’accès aux marchés des facteurs de production (engrais, semences, matériel agricole et crédit). Si un cadre contractuel donne de bons résultats dans le cas des cultures d’exportation, ce genre de dispositif est encore rare pour les cultures vivrières. Une implication accrue du secteur privé dans la conception et la mise en oeuvre de ce type de programmes de commercialisation pour les cultures vivrières devrait permettre d’assurer un développement durable des industries alimentaires locales. Les facilités actuelles de financement internationales – à l’instar de l’EPSA (Initiative pour le soutien renforcé au secteur privé en Afrique) – devraient être pleinement exploitées. L’aptitude de l’Afrique à libérer le potentiel de son agriculture commerciale dans les décennies à venir dépend aussi largement d’un soutien efficace et durable de la part de la communauté internationale du développement. Les conclusions résumées ici posent les jalons de futures discussions à l’échelle internationale sur le développement du secteur privé agricole en Afrique et la manière de sortir les petits paysans de la pauvreté.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264060333
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales constituent le plus complet des instruments qui existent aujourd’hui concernant la responsabilité des entreprises et bénéficiant de l’appui des pouvoirs publics. Les gouvernements adhérents – représentant toutes les régions du monde et 85 pourcent de l’investissement direct étranger – se sont engagés à encourager les entreprises opérant sur leur territoire à respecter, partout où elles exercent leurs activités, un ensemble de principes et de normes largement reconnus qui visent à assurer de leur part un comportement responsable. Ce livret comprend le texte, les procédures de mise en œuvre et les commentaires adoptés en juin 2000, à l’occasion de la révision la plus récente des Principes.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264076273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 ; Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 : Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproduction of collembolans in soil. The parthenogenetic Folsomia candida is the recommended species for use, but an alternative species such as sexually reproducing Folsomia fimetaria could also be used if they meet the validity criteria. This Guideline can be used for testing both water soluble and insoluble substances but it is not applicable to volatile ones. The Guideline aims to determine toxic effects of the test substance on adult mortality and reproductive output expressed as LCx and ECx respectively, or NOEC/LOEC value. The number of treatment concentrations varies depending on endpoints to be determined. For a combined approach to examine both the NOEC/LOEC and ECx, eight concentrations in a geometric series with four replicates for each concentration as well as eight control replicates should be used. In each test vessel, 10 juveniles F. candida (or 10 males and 10 females adults F. fimetaria) should be placed on 30 g of modified OECD artificial soil using a 5 % organic matter content. The duration of a definitive reproduction test is 4 weeks for F. candida or 3 weeks for F. fimetaria.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264070608
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 403 ; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 403 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from short-term exposure to a test article (gas, vapour or aerosol/particulate test article) by inhalation. The revised Test Guideline describes two studies: a traditional LC50 protocol and a Concentration x Time (C x t) protocol. It can be used to estimate a median lethal concentration (LC50), non-lethal threshold concentration (LC01) and slope, and to identify possible sex susceptibility. This Test Guideline enables a test article quantitative risk assessment and classification according to the Globally Harmonized System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. In the traditional LC50 protocol, animals are exposed to one limit concentration or to three concentrations, at least, for a predetermined duration, generally of 4 hours. Usually 10 animals should be used for each concentration. In the C x T protocol, animals are exposed to one limit concentration or a series of concentrations over multiple time durations. Usually 2 animals per C x t interval are used. Animals (the preferred species is the rat) should be observed for at least 14 days. The study includes measurements (including weighing), daily and detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago : Ministry of the Interior, Chile
    ISBN: 9789568468187
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Chile 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Chile 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile ha alcanzado un fuerte crecimiento económico en los últimos 20 años. Sin embargo, su economía depende de unos pocos sectores basados en recursos localizados en un pequeño número de regiones. El desempeño de las regiones chilenas es significativamente variado y las disparidades regionales en PIB per cápita son muy elevadas en comparación con las de los países de la OCDE. Hasta el momento, las regiones chilenas no han dado todo el uso potencial a sus activos, ni tampoco alcanzado su potencial de crecimiento.El presente informe recomienda desplazarse hacia un enfoque territorial del desarrollo chileno, de manera de adaptar de mejor forma la acción pública a las diferentes oportunidades y necesidades de los diversos territorios del país. Para mejorar su productividad, las regiones de Chile resultarían particularmente beneficiadas por políticas contextualizadas y orientadas hacia la innovación y el emprendimiento, y por mejoras en la educación y la capacitación.Al mismo tiempo, cambiar hacia políticas contextualizadas en Chile requerirá el fortalecimiento del marco institucional del nivel regional. Esto implicará aumentar las capacidades y la estructura de los gobiernos regionales, de manera que éstos se transformen en activos participantes de la discusión, la planificación y la coordinación de las políticas de desarrollo regional. Un manejo político multinivel y acuerdos de coordinación, junto a otros mecanismos como la formación de capacidades y el fortalecimiento de las modalidades de participación, ayudará a aumentar la legitimidad, coherencia y efectividad de una reforma en este sentido.Estudios Territoriales OCDE de Chile es parte de un programa más amplio de informes nacionales, emprendido por el Comité de Políticas de Desarrollo Territorial de la OCDE. El foco central de esta serie de Estudios Territoriales es el de proveer a los gobiernos nacionales de recomendaciones prácticas en materia de política. Los países previamente estudiados son Canadá, Corea, Finlandia, Francia, Hungría, Italia, Japón, Luxemburgo, México, Noruega, Polonia, Portugal, República Checa y Suiza.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Budapest : National Office for Research and Technology, Hungary
    ISBN: 9789638652843
    Language: Hungarian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy; Hungary 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Hungary 2008
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Hungary
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : OECD/Korea Policy Centre, Korea
    ISBN: 9789264065130
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government; The Way Forward
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Moderniser l'État ; La route à suivre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La modernización del estado ; El camino a seguir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government; The Way Forward (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government: The Way Forward
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Moderniser l'État : La route à suivre
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La modernización del estado : El camino a seguir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Modernising Government: The Way Forward (Hungarian version)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: 공공부문의 현대화는 이제 더 이상 선택이 아닌 절대적 요건이다. 이를 통해 정부는 변화무쌍한 사회적 요구에 대응하게 되고 불확실한 국제적 환경에서 경쟁력을 유지 하게 된다. 이 책은 지난 20년간의 OECD국가의 공공부문 현대화에 관한 방대한 정보를 담고 있다. 과거 20년간 새로운 많은 아이디어와 정책이 소개되었다. 이러한 아이디어는 실무적으로도 효과적인가? 이 책은 정부혁신의 성공 및 실패 요인을 진단하고 앞으 로의 도전과제, 그리고 주요 개혁방법 및 수단을 소개하고 있다. 이 책은 정책자들에게는 미래를 설계하기 위해 필요한 지식을, 공공행정에 관심있는 일반 사람들에게는 유 익한 정보를 제공하게 될 것이다. “다른나라는공공행정을개선하기위해무엇을하고있는지궁금해하는행정가들과현대의정부개혁에대한개념적이해를구체화하기를원하는학자들에게이책은매우가치있는자료이다 신공공관리New Public Management) 시각을채택하고있는국가들뿐만아니라전통적공공행정을취하고있는국가들에게이책은매우유용한지침을제공한다” - Allen Schick, 메릴랜드대학정책학교수부르킹연구소-
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789730063226
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners; OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des citoyens partenaires ; Manuel de l'OCDE sur l'information, la consultation et la participation à la formulation des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participación ciudadana ; Manual de la OCDE sobre información,consulta y participación en la elaboración de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cittadini Partner; Manuale dell'OCSE sull'informazione, la consultazione e la partecipazione alla formulazione delle politiche pubbliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O cidadão como parceiro; Manual da OCDE sobre informação, consulta e participação na formulação de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners; OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des citoyens partenaires : Manuel de l'OCDE sur l'information, la consultation et la participation à la formulation des politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Participación ciudadana : Manual de la OCDE sobre información,consulta y participación en la elaboración de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cittadini Partner: Manuale dell'OCSE sull'informazione, la consultazione e la partecipazione alla formulazione delle politiche pubbliche
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. O cidadão como parceiro: Manual da OCDE sobre informação, consulta e participação na formulação de políticas públicas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (Russian version)
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264079816
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain; Towards a New Learning Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau ; Vers une nouvelle science de l'apprentissage
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain: Towards a New Learning Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau : Vers une nouvelle science de l'apprentissage
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Los avances en tecnología no invasiva para la digitalización y neuroimagen del cerebro alcanzados en los últimos diez años trajeron consigo nuevos métodos de trabajo para los investigadores. En la última década se aprendió más acerca del funcionamiento del cerebro que durante todos los siglos anteriores. En muchas áreas se lograron avances importantes, pero la investigación sobre la capacidad del cerebro para desarrollarse, aprender y cambiar a lo largo del ciclo vital muestra avances prometedores. Estos desarrollos tendrán implicaciones profundas para el aprendizaje y la educaciónLa nueva “ciencia del aprendizaje” aclara la manera en que se desarrollan en el cerebro los procesos de percepción, memoria y lenguaje; informa sobre la importancia que tienen los primeros años y los tardíos en el aprendizaje exitoso durante toda la vida. También ofrece, entre otras cosas, percepciones sobre cómo mejorar las aptitudes para la lectura y para matemáticas y subraya la distinción fundamental entre naturaleza y crianza en el aprendizaje y el desarrollo cerebral.La obra destaca la importancia de adoptar el enfoque transdisciplinario que incluye la neurociencia cognoscitiva, la psicología, la atención de la salud y el diseño de políticas. De tal forma, cuando diversos profesionales –maestros, médicos y científicos– trabajen juntos en la búsqueda de respuestas a problemas neurocognoscitivos, habrá una esperanza real de lograr diagnósticos tempranos e intervenciones apropiadas ante condiciones como la dislexia o el mal de Alzheimer.Los anteriores y muchos otros aspectos se examinan en este libro.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264076334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441; Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat ; Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Hershberger Bioassay is an in vivo short–term screening test. It evaluates the ability of a chemical to elicit biological activities consistent with androgen agonists, antagonists or 5 á-reductase inhibitors. The current bioassay is based on the changes in weight of five androgen-dependent tissues in the castrate-peripubertal male rat: the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle (plus fluids and coagulating glands), levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle, paired Cowper’s glands and the glans penis. In order to establish whether a test substance can have androgenic or antiandrogenic action, two – respectively three - dose groups of the test substance, plus positive and vehicle (negative) controls are normally sufficient. The test substance is administered by gavage or subcutaneous injection daily for 10 consecutive days. To test for antiandrogens, the test substance is administered together with a reference androgen agonist. Each treated and control group should include a minimum of 6 animals. The animals are necropsied approximately 24 hours after the last administration of the test substance. The tissues are excised and their fresh weights determined. A statistically significant increase (androgenic) or decrease (antiandrogenic) in the weights of two of the five tissues indicates a positive response in this assay.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Madrid : Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MTAS), Spain
    ISBN: 9788484173243
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (696 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration Outlook 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des migrations internationales 2008
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Esta edición pone el acento en el empleo de los inmigrantes. Presenta por primera vez un “marcador” de la integración de los inmigrantes en el mercado de trabajo, así como un primer análisis de las diferencias salariales entre los inmigrantes y los autóctonos. Dos capítulos especiales sobre temas de actualidad. El primero se ocupa de la gestión de las migraciones de trabajadores poco cualificados y pasa revista a los diferentes tipos de programas, temporales y permanentes. Presta especial atención a la cuestión del empleo ilegal de extranjeros y a los programas de regularización. El segundo capítulo se ocupa de las migraciones de retorno y analiza su repercusión en el desarrollo económico del país de origen. Cada capítulo y cada gráfico va acompañado de un enlace dinámico (StatLink), que remite al lector a una página de Internet en la que se encuentran los datos correspondientes en formato Excel ®.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9787502362225
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual; Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE ; Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Productivity - OECD Manual: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la productivité - Manuel de l'OCDE : Mesurer la croissance de la productivité par secteur et pour l'ensemble de l'économie
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 509 ; Essais au champ de plantes cultivées
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 509 : Essais au champ de plantes cultivées
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Crop field trials are conducted to determine the magnitude of the pesticide residue in or on raw agricultural commodities, including feed items, and should be designed to reflect pesticide use patterns that lead to the highest possible residues. Objectives of crop field trials are to: (1) quantify the expected range of residue(s) in crop commodities following treatment according to the proposed or established good agricultural practice; (2) determine, when appropriate, the rate of decline of the residue(s) of plant protection product(s) on commodities of interest; (3) determine residue values such as the “Supervised Trial Median Residue” and “Highest Residue” for conducting dietary risk assessment; and (4) derive maximum residue limits (MRLs). This Test Guideline requires one sample from treated plots at each sampling interval for crops that have eight or more crop field trials. The test substance(s) should be stored under appropriate conditions for the study duration and applied soon after preparation or mixing. Test substance applications should not be made in strong wind, during rain or when rainfall is expected shortly after application. For all applications, the application rate should be expressed in terms of amount of product and/or active ingredient per unit area. At the end of each crop field trial, the (stored) samples are analysed for residue level (expressed for example in mg/kg).
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264063426
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life; A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille ; Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life: A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille : Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beijing : Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
    ISBN: 9787501235162
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Latin American Economic Outlook 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives économiques de l'Amérique latine 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectivas Econômicas da América Latina 2009
    Keywords: Development
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : Human Resources Development Service of Korea (HRD), Korea
    ISBN: 9789264063501
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (289 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems; Bridges to Lifelong Learning
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de certification ; Des passerelles pour apprendre à tout âge
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems; Bridges to Lifelong Learning (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sistemas de Cualificaciones ; Puentes para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems: Bridges to Lifelong Learning
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de certification : Des passerelles pour apprendre à tout âge
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems: Bridges to Lifelong Learning (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sistemas de Cualificaciones : Puentes para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lisboa : Office of the Secretary of State for Administrative Modernisation, Portugal
    ISBN: 9789722717847
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making Life Easy for Citizens and Businesses in Portugal; Administrative Simplification and e-Government
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making Life Easy for Citizens and Businesses in Portugal: Administrative Simplification and e-Government
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Portugal
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264058439
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD in Figures 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'OCDE en chiffres 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La OCDE en cifras 2008
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789282102343
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.144
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Terrorism and International Transport; Towards Risk-based Security Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Terrorism and International Transport: Towards Risk-based Security Policy
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: La sûreté est un élément fondamental des systèmes de transport : ces derniers sont souvent pris pour cible dans les attaques terroristes. Les coûts significatifs des dommages potentiels font des politiques de sûreté une préoccupation majeure pour les autorités responsables des transports. Cette Table Ronde examine le rôle que peut jouer l’analyse économique pour renforcer la sécurité des transports aérien et maritime en quantifiant les avantages associés et en appréciant leur efficacité et la valeur des techniques qui visent à orienter les ressources vers l’atténuation des risques les plus importants.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD Biotechnology Statistics – 2009 edition brings together the latest available economic and activity data on biotechnology and innovation, collected by OECD member and non-member countries. The report builds on the extensive work of the OECD and national experts to improve the comparability of biotechnology statistics. The results should provide a valuable source of information on biotechnology for policy makers, academics and business managers. The 2009 edition contains government survey data for 22 OECD countries and additional data for four non-member countries. The survey data provide results on the number of biotechnology firms, business expenditures on R&D, biotechnology employment, and sales of biotechnology goods and services.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264053656
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal; Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ce numero de la Revue économique de l'OCDE comprend des articles sur services assurés par les pouvoirs publics et distribution des ressources économiques des ménages, améliorer l’efficacité des dépenses de santé et les politiques structurelles.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264076242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 ; Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is recommended for use in the Guideline. The assay uses three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. The assay starts with tadpoles at the development stage 51 on the Nieuwkoop and Faber scale and is extended for a duration of 21 days. Four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). After 7 days of exposure, a sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is sampled for the measurement of the length of the hind-limb. At termination of 21-day exposure period, developmental stage, snout-to-vent length and hind limb length are measured on all remaining tadpoles. A sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is fixed (whole-body or dissected) for histopathology of the thyroid gland.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264059429
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Chine 2009 ; Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Chine 2009 : Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China
    DDC: 330.951
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regulierung ; China ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Reformpolitik ; Systemtransformation ; Demokratisierung ; Governance ; China ; China ; Regulierung
    Abstract: China has made enormous progress in developing the modern legal and regulatory foundation for the market economy. The private sector is now the main driver of growth, and new laws have gone a long way toward establishing private property rights, competition, and mechanisms for entry and exit comparable to those of many OECD countries. At the same time important challenges remain, including further clarification of the scope of state ownership, reform of relations among central and local governments, firmer establishment of the rule of law, and strengthening of regulatory institutions and processes. This review of China's regulatory system focuses on the overall economic context for regulatory reform, the government’s capacity to manage regulatory reform, competition policy and enforcement, and market openness. The review also examines the regulatory framework in the electricity, water and health care sectors. As for OECD countries, the review follows a multidisciplinary and highly interactive approach. A number of OECD instruments and policies are used in this assessment, although the review also takes into account the specific challenges faced by the Chinese authorities. The review includes a comprehensive set of policy recommendations.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264048096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The PISA 2006 Technical Report describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2006 survey. It examines additional features related to the implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to understand and replicate its analyses. The reader will find a wealth of information on the test and sample design, methodologies used to analyse the data, technical features of the project and quality control mechanisms.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044395
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les pensions privées 2008
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: As the role of private pension systems grows in importance, there is a need to monitor their development and review their performance in an international context, especially following the crisis in the financial markets in 2008. This first edition of the OECD Private Pensions Outlook provides essential data on assets, investments, membership, and industry structure based on the latest official statistics, as well as a framework for evaluating the trends shaping the pensions industry, based on the role of the private pensions in relation to the public pension system. It also provides comprehensive country profiles, describing private pension arrangements in individual OECD countries. This edition's special feature covers the implications for pensions and private pensions policy of the financial crisis. This publication includes StatLinks, URLs linking graphs and tables via the internet to Excel® table containing the underlying data.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789264060180
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy; China 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: China 2008
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Welche Kriterien müssen die Innovationsergebnisse eines Landes erfüllen, und welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen ihnen und der Wirtschaftsleistung? Welches sind die Hauptmerkmale, Stärken und Schwächen des Innovationssystems eines Landes? Wie können die Regierungen die Innovationstätigkeit fördern? Die OECD-Prüfungen der Innovationspolitik bieten eine umfassende Analyse des Innovationssystems einzelner OECD-Mitglieds- und -Nichtmitgliedsländer, bei der die Rolle der Politik und der Regierung im Mittelpunkt steht. Sie geben zudem konkrete Empfehlungen zu der Frage, wie ein breites Spektrum von die Innovationsergebnisse der Länder beeinflussenden Politikmaßnahmen zu verbessern ist. Bei jeder Prüfung werden bewährte Praktiken identifiziert, aus denen andere Länder lernen können. China hat über einen mehr als zwanzig Jahre andauernden Zeitraum ein spektakulär hohes Wirtschaftswachstum zu verzeichnen. Gleichwohl ist China heute mit der großen Herausforderung des Übergangs von einem stetigen zu einem vom sozialen, wirtschaftlichen, ökologischen und umweltpolitischen Standpunkt her gesehen nachhaltigen Wachstum konfrontiert. Die Innovationstätigkeit wurde als eine Hauptantriebskraft für dieses neue Wachstumsmodell identifiziert, und die chinesische Regierung hat eine nationale Strategie initiiert, die bis zum Jahr 2020 eine innovationsinduzierte Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft entstehen lassen soll. Wird es China gelingen, die Herausforderung dieses Übergangs zu meistern? Welche Veränderungen werden hierzu im Bereich der Politikmaßnahmen und Institutionen erforderlich sein? Wie wird sich die Wandlung Chinas zu einer künftigen innovationsgestützten Volkswirtschaft auf die OECD-Länder sowie auf die weltweiten Systeme der Wissensproduktion, -verbreitung und -nutzung auswirken? Der vorliegende Bericht versucht Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden, indem er den derzeitigen Zustand des nationalen Innovationssystems Chinas und seiner Investitionspolitik analysiert und besonders wichtige Verbesserungen empfiehlt, die sowohl im politischen als auch im institutionellen Umfeld erforderlich sind, damit es China gelingt, die Innovationstätigkeit durch einen marktorientierten Ansatz zu fördern.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264068476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (233 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Second edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 ; Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring capital
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kapitalstock ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Kapitalbildung ; Kapitalvermögen ; Kapitalertrag ; Messung
    Abstract: Capital - in particular of the physical sort - plays several roles in economic life: it constitutes wealth and it it provides services in production processes. Capital is invested, disinvested and it depreciates and becomes obsolescent and there is a question how to measure all these dimensions of capital in industry and national accounts. This revised Capital Manual is a comprehensive guide to the approaches toward capital measurement. It gives statisticians, researchers and analysts practical advice while providing theoretical background and an overview of the relevant literature. The manual comes in three parts - a first part with a non-technical description with the main concepts and steps involved in measuring capital; a second part directed at implementation and a third part outlining theory and a more complete mathematical formulation of the measurement process.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264063600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; OECD ; PISA-Studie
    Abstract: The OECD’s PISA 2006 assessment of the science competencies of 15-year-olds offers the first comprehensive and internationally comparative knowledge base of students’ knowledge about the environment and environment-related issues. Green at Fifteen? presents an analysis of this knowledge base, including information on the sources of students’ awareness of environmental science, their attitudes towards the environment and how these attitudes interrelate with their performance in environmental science.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 153-154
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bilateral Agreements
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 153-154
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 117-124
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 8 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Case Law
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 117-124
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; Germany ; United States
    Abstract: Allemagne Jugement de la Cour Administrative Fédérale relatif aux supposées « Biblis-obligations » (2008) Canada La Cour du Banc de la Reine du Nouveau-Brunswick refuse la divulgation en vertu de la loi sur le droit à l’information de la province d’une étude de faisabilité sur l’énergie nucléaire (2008) États-Unis Jugement de la Cour fédérale relatif à l’interprétation du « Standard Contract » du Département de l’Énergie américain (2008) Décision sommaire de la Cour d’Appel des États-Unis sur les demandes de révision des règlements de la Commission de la réglementation nucléaire (2008)
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789264060296
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (215 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation; Policy Guidance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo ; Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento; Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation: Policy Guidance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integración de la Adaptación en la Cooperación para el Desarrollo : Guía sobre Políticas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integração da Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas na Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento: Guia para o Desenvolvimento de Políticas
    Keywords: Environment ; Development
    Abstract: Les objectifs de ce document d’orientation sont : i) expliciter les incidences du changement climatique sur les pratiques de développement et, par conséquent, la nécessité d’intégrer pleinement l’adaptation au changement climatique dans les politiques des agences d’aide et des pays partenaires ; ii) recenser les approches qui permettent d’intégrer l’adaptation au changement climatique dans les politiques de développement aux niveaux national, sectoriel et des projets, tant en milieu urbain que rural ; et iii) indiquer comment les donneurs peuvent concrètement soutenir les efforts des pays partenaires pour réduire leur vulnérabilité face à la variabilité et au changement climatiques. S’il revient aux pays partenaires de jouer un rôle moteur dans le cadre d’efforts visant à intégrer l’adaptation au changement climatique dans le développement, les agences d’aide auront un rôle déterminant à jouer en soutenant ces efforts.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 141-141
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Accords bilatéraux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 141-141
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This article presents a selective list of bilateral agreements which have been concluded during the course of the first half of 2009.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264059771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The report analyses the retirement income systems of 18 Asian countries, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and Vietnam. It says that reform is needed because: coverage of formal pension systems is relatively low; withdrawal of savings before retirement is very common; pension savings are often taken as lump sums and often do not provide people with adequate income over their lifetime; pensions payments are not automatically adjusted to reflect changes in the cost of living. In OECD countries, an average of 70% of the working-age population are eligible for a pension. However in South Asia, just 7.5% of the working-age population are eligible and in East Asia 18%. Furthermore, few countries in Asia/Pacific have social pensions to provide safety-net retirement incomes for people who are not members of formal schemes. Only in India are social pensions significant, with around 10 to 15% of older people covered.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.152
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the economic impact of proposals to add a non-cost “premium” to international telecommunication charges. This work follows up on earlier OECD work which examined international traffic exchange. The paper concludes that attempts to use non-market methods, and distort prices, is likely to have negative implications for the provision of international telecommunication services and that competition is acting to more efficiently meet policy goals.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 113 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.8
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness calls upon donor and partner countries to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of country systems in a way that guarantees ownership and sustainable results. Within this context, the current paper provides a synthesis of major elements and approaches of institutional assessment that may be applied to environmental management. It suggests that while a large number of diagnostic tools are in use, their level of elaboration is not sufficient for systemic sector-specific capacity assessments that would match partners’ and donors’ needs. In order to facilitate the improvement of these tools, the paper provides an inventory of core functions for environmental management. This inventory may be used by those involved in capacity assessments to consider more amply specifics of the environmental sector. Each function will need to be associated with benchmarks reflecting the multifaceted nature of institutional capacity. The evolving approaches to environmental management, as well as changes in the international and country context, impose the need to regularly update both the list of functions and complementary benchmarks.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/19
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-47
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ententes : Sanctions pénales contre les personnes physiques
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 7-47
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Corporate sanctions rarely are sufficiently high to be an optimal deterrent against cartels. Sanctions against natural persons can thus complement them. There is no systematic evidence proving the deterrent effects of sanctions on individuals, and/or assessing whether such sanctions can be justified. There is a trend among countries to accept as self-evident that individual sanctions, including imprisonment, can be a useful part of effective anti-cartel enforcement. If a country provides for individual sanctions, a strong argument can be made that relatively short prison sentences are the most cost effective deterrent. However, there are also reasons why countries may provide for longer prison sentences, most importantly that only longer statutory sentences adequately express a society’s condemnation of hard-core cartels. In addition to increasing levels of deterrence, sanctions against individuals can be a powerful incentive for individuals to reveal information about existing cartels and to cooperate in investigations. International law does not recognise the principle of double jeopardy that would prevent authorities in different countries from prosecuting the same person for participation in the same cartel. Nevertheless, where cartels are investigated in a multi-jurisdictional context, jurisdictions may consider arrangements to ensure that only one of them prosecutes an individual.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 5-35
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Climate change is a major threat to sustainable growth and development in Africa, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change because of its overdependence on rain-fed agriculture, compounded by factors such as widespread poverty and weak capacity. The main longer-term impacts include: changing rainfall patterns affecting agriculture and reducing food security; worsening water security; decreasing fish resources in large lakes due to rising temperature; shifting vectorborne diseases; rising sea level affecting low-lying coastal areas with large populations; and rising water stress.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264060906
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (445 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation; 15 Mexican States 2009
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation: 15 Mexican States 2009
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico
    Abstract: Aunque México ha presentado estabilidad macroeconómica en años recientes, el país aún padece de un estancamiento en el crecimiento de su productividad. En un contexto mundial, la competitividad de México a largo plazo necesitará mayor acción tanto en el sector público como en el privado para estimular la innovación y el crecimiento económico en todas las regiones del territorio nacional. En este informe se revisan tanto las políticas nacionales como estatales de México y la manera en que pueden fomentar mejor los sistemas de innovación regional; incluye una semblanza de 15 estados.
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