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  • 2015-2019  (175)
  • International Finance Corporation  (112)
  • Independent Evaluation Group  (63)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (175)
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  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (175)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation examines how the World Bank has supported two types of professional development to improve teacher capacity-preservice and in-service training-and identifies how these drivers of education quality can be better designed, implemented, and scaled up
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The evaluation examines the development effectiveness of the World Bank Group's support for trade facilitation and identifies lessons for future engagement. The World Bank Group has played a leading role in trade facilitation reform over the past 12 years, having identified lowering trade costs as a crucial means to promote its development agenda. Among its contributions, the Bank Group has been a leading technical partner to the WTO during the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) process throughout the evaluation period. Main findings of the report include: (i) Over the evaluation period, the World Bank Group has demonstrated leadership in facilitating trade through its broad scope of work: (893 interventions of all types) in addition to Advisory and Analytic work, generally targeting countries with the greatest bottlenecks, results, in its contribution to a substantial reduction of international trade costs, and its creation of global public goods through thought leadership, convening power, and its trade facilitation indicators - which contributed to a positive dynamic in reforms. (ii) Most World Bank Group projects supporting trade facilitation reforms achieved their development objective, and all three institutions exceeded their corporate scorecard targets. The World Bank's investment lending appears to be substantially more effective than its policy operations. At the trade facilitation intervention level, the overall success rate averaged 79 percent
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation reviews how well the World Bank's operating model has enabled knowledge flow and enhanced collaboration to deliver integrated solutions. The evaluation also looks at the incentives and behaviors the model inculcates. Evidence comes from both sides of the matrix.The evaluation finds that certain aspects of the operating model have shown value, especially its enabling of global knowledge flow. This is the effect of setting up GPs that operate more globally than before and GTs that provide useful strategic directions and coherence to cross-cutting priorities. The World Bank is able to provide integrated solutions addressing clients' important development problems because of the leadership of Country Directors supported by Program Leaders.However, evidence from the early years of implementing the model indicates that its structure and processes tend to inhibit collaboration and cause inefficiency, fragmentation, and internal competition. The interface between GPs and Regions has weakened. Some GPs lack coherent and systematic approaches to managing and investing in knowledge. There are concerns with insufficient contestability in the quality assurance process for operations and ASA products. If left unaddressed, these issues pose risks to the World Bank's ability to deliver for clients.IEG acknowledges management's proactive course correction of the operating model. The evaluation finds that this could be enhanced by continuously collecting and reviewing data on organizational effectiveness.These findings have led to six recommendations: (1) Strengthen the approach to knowledge in the GPs and GTs with clear goals, roles, and mechanisms, budgets commensurate with mandates, and metrics for knowledge uptake, quality, and influence; (2) improve budgeting systems to better incentivize knowledge flow and collaboration; (3) better link the GPs and Regions to improve coordination and enhance responsiveness to clients; ( 4) ensure a stronger and more consistent use and role of the Program Leaders as a mechanism for cross-sectoral collaboration, integrated solutions, and complex client dialogue; (5) review the existing quality assurance arrangements to improve the quality of knowledge embedded in advisory and financing services; and (6) ensure there is ongoing monitoring of the operating model and more continuity in change management efforts to enhance the organization's ability to attain its knowledge flow and collaboration goals
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: World Bank Group strategy continues to position SMEs as key vehicles to promote employment, value chain development, economic and social inclusion, and resilience in the face of fragility and conflict. This note synthesizes findings regarding SMEs and SME support from recent IEG evaluations, independent evaluations by other MDBs, and relevant World Bank Group research
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation assesses the Bank Group's effectiveness and comparative advantage in fostering regional integration during FY2003-17 and draws lessons that can be used to inform future regional integration operations. Client countries of the World Bank Group have turned to regional integration as one of the pathways toward faster economic development and peace, and to help overcome development challenges. Main findings of the report include: (i) Overall, the Bank Group's efforts to foster regional integration have led to mostly positive development outcomes in the Sub-Saharan Africa Region and in infrastructure sectors. (ii) Though the IDA Regional Window program has also contributed to regional integration (mainly in the Africa Region), the development outcomes of its interventions are not significantly different from similar projects co-financed outside the program
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The International Development Association (IDA) Regional Window Program was developed as a funding mechanism to provide additional financing resources to co-finance projects that help low-income countries achieve their regional integration objectives. The main objective of this synthesis report is to inform policy decisions on the International Development Association (IDA) Regional Window Program in the context of the IDA18 mid-term review and the IDA19 replenishment. The report contains information on (a) the achievements of the program, and (b) key findings and conclusions for the consideration of IDA Deputies. This synthesis is derived primarily from IEG's thematic evaluation, Two to Tango: An IEG Independent Evaluation of World Bank Group Support to Fostering Regional Integration and is complemented by findings from other existing thematic evaluations such as Grow with the flow: World Bank Group support to Trade Facilitation, project-level evaluations and validations, and project performance assessment reports
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: From the 15th replenishment of the International Development Association (IDA15)through IDA18, the Crisis Response Window (CRW) evolved from a focus on economicshocks to include two other types of crises-natural disasters and public healthemergencies. The CRW was set up as a pilot under IDA15 to address repercussionsrelated to the global financial crisis on IDA countries. When established as a permanent part of IDA, it was amended to address the impact of natural disasters in addition to economic shocks. CRW coverage was expanded to include public health emergencies when the Ebola crisis erupted in 2014. This IEG synthesis paper takes stock of experience with IDA's CRW, making use of IEG evaluative evidence. The paper synthesizes findings from existing evaluations and information on CRW performance during its pilot stage under IDA15 and subsequent IDA cycles, to inform stakeholders and promote learning. The audience for this paper is primarily internal, including management, Executive Directors (including the Committee on Development Effectiveness), and IDA deputies
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The tourism sector in Rwanda is growing rapidly, largely driven by gorilla trekking and the Meetings, Conventions, Incentives and Exhibitions (MICE) segments. Despite this growth and government prioritization of tourism, there had been a gap in the regulation of the tourism sector, which was potentially affecting the attractiveness of the Rwandan market as a tourism destination and reducing the competitiveness of firms providing tourism services. to help address this gap, the World Bank Group (WBG), through the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Advisory Services, provided technical assistance in Rwanda over three years to support the creation of a new tourism regulatory agency, operationalize two new regulations, and license over 400 tourism entities under challenging time and resource constraints. In working with the Government of Rwanda and other stakeholders, IFC learned several lessons that may be useful to other practitioners who are considering: how to create and develop a regulatory regime from scratch to respond to a specific regulatory gap; how to place an emphasis on implementation beyond pure policy work; and how to be flexible and innovative to make the system as efficient as possible under time and resource constraints. This note sets out what was achieved, how it was achieved, and what was learned in the process. Together with material on global best practices, it is designed to provide a practical case study and share implementation insight for
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: This publication explains the concept of traceability systems in the food industry and discusses its main components. It includes a list of key traceability requirements established internationally and in European legislation. It also uses the case of Ukraine to illustrate implementation of food traceability on the national level
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Abstract: According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the United Nations Refugee Agency, by the end of 2017, nearly 70 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced - more than the entire population of the United Kingdom. Governments, aid agencies, and non-government organizations (NGOs) have long provided humanitarian aid for refugees, addressing immediate needs such as food, water, and shelter. The need for sustainable, long-term solutions that mitigate the negative impacts of forcible displacement, uplift refugees, and support host communities is therefore becoming more acute. Indeed, the development community is increasingly focusing on empowering refugees as agents of their own lives and economic contributors - from providing skills training, to offering employment, and enabling access to financial products and services. Private sector actors are inherently well-positioned to enhance and scale these efforts, given their strategic capabilities and business models. Multinational corporations like Mastercard, regional, and national businesses such as Equity Bank and PowerGen, social enterprises like NaTakallam and Sanivation, and a range of others across industries, are demonstrating the potential roles of the private sector in supporting refugees and host communities
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: Propelled by almost 20 years of sustained growth, Cabo Verde achieved low middle-income country (MIC) status in 2007, one of the first African countries to do so. The impact of the 2008 crisis on Cabo Verde's growth trajectory was heightened by the country's undiversified economy. Since 2016, the resumption of growth, combined with fiscal consolidation efforts, have helped to strengthen public sector finances. In response to these challenges, the Government launched an ambitious development strategy for 2017-2021, the Strategic Plan for Sustainable Development. The FY20-25 Country Partnership Framework (CPF) will support the Government's strategy through highly selective interventions
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Facilitating a dynamic and competitive small-and medium-sized enterprises (SME) sector is a strong priority in both developed and emerging economies. In this context, despite significant success in sustaining high economic growth and job creation, Cambodia is at a relatively early phase of developing targeted SME policies. SMEs, both men- and women-owned, face several challenges, including access to markets, low productivity, lack of qualified and skilled labor, lack of innovation, as well as a complicated and relatively costly registration procedure. This study intends to capture data on both men- and women-owned SMEs in Cambodia to be able to better understand the gender implications in the provision of targeted business development as well as banking services in the country. The objective of the research is thus to inform the government, private and state-owned banks as well as the international community about the financial and non-financial constraints faced in particular by women-owned SMEs that can be addressed at policy, financial sector, and market levels. In addition, the study aims to outline the opportunities that women-owned SMEs represent for banks and how banks are missing out on a separate and strategic customer segment. It also explores potential solutions that can be utilized to help overcome the typical barriers faced by women
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This report provides a retrospective assessment of the Bank Group's results and performance acrossits project and program portfolio. This is relevant for understanding the stock of achievements to date and the foundations on which the Bank Group is delivering on the Forward Look and its ambitious capital package. The report synthesizes trends in Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) ratings and identifies explanatory factors behind portfolio performance. Each of the three Bank Group institutions assesses results differently because of their differing reporting periods, operating models, and clients. The supplementary file contains four appendixes and the remaining, more specialized topic appendixes of the Results and Performance of the World Bank Group (RAP) report. This report is IEG's annual review of the development effectiveness of the World Bank Group (WBG). The report synthesizes trends in ratings, and identifies explanatory factors behind portfolio performance. This report provides a retrospective assessment of the World Bank Group's results and performance across its project and program portfolio. This is relevant for understanding the stock of achievements to date and the foundations on which the Bank Group is delivering on the Forward Look and its ambitious capital package. The four key appendixes for Results and Performance of the World Bank Group 2018 are included with the main file
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: In 2016, the World Bank Group stepped up its engagement in situations of conflict-induced forced displacement at the global and country levels and adopted a new approach to its engagement that recognizes displacement as a development challenge that must be addressed to attain the World Bank Group's twin goals. Since fiscal year 2016, the Bank Group's analytical, financial, and operational support has become more aligned with its stated development approach building on lessons from past engagements. This is an important shift
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The 18th replenishment of the International Development Association (IDA18), one of the world's major providers of financial resources to the poorest countries, was the largest in the institution's 56-year history. Together with significant changes in its policy and financing framework, IDA's enhanced commitment authority was expected to enable faster progress toward the international community's far-reaching and ambitious 2030 agenda,1 which aligns closely with the World Bank Group's twin goals of eradicating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. The objective of this synthesis report is to draw on findings and lessons from recent IEG evaluations (that is, those completed since FY16) and databases that are pertinent to IDA18 special themes and IDA support more generally to inform forthcoming IDA19 discussions. The synthesis report focuses on learning from IDA experience over the last 10 years in relation to areas covered by the IDA18 special themes, drawing on relevant IEG evaluations completed since FY16
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Blockchain is an emerging technology that offers the possibility of re-engineering economic models and enabling the creation of markets and products that were previously unavailable or unprofitable across emerging markets. This report is intended to introduce readers to current developments in distributed ledger technology, or blockchain, with the vantage point of possible benefits to emerging markets. The first six chapters were written a year ago, while the last three are more recent and bring the perspective of a year of development in the nascent technology. Chapter 1 provides an overview of blockchain technology, followed by a look at its unfolding applications in emerging markets in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 examines whether blockchain can be used to mitigate de-risking by financial institutions. Chapters 4 and 5 look more closely at the financial services sector, including an overview of how blockchain fits into the spectrum of financial technology (fintech) innovations and the resulting provision of financial services (Chapter 4), and an analysis of blockchain's contribution to reaching the unbanked and underbanked in various emerging markets, including in Latin America, Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa (Chapter 5). Chapter 6 looks beyond fintech to explore how developments in applied blockchain technology can impact agribusiness, drug safety, and more generally provide enforcement tools to promote the reach of sustainable and inclusive business. Chapter 7 discusses the proper regulatory environment needed to stimulate competition and investment in blockchain technologies in emerging markets and beyond. Chapter 8 examines the potential of blockchain to accelerate the transition to low-carbon energy solutions in these countries. Chapter 9 offers a review of legal issues associated with the use of blockchain and how these can be addressed
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: This Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) identifies opportunities to stimulate sustainable economic growth and development by harnessing the power of the private sector in Angola. Applying a sectoral lens, it leverages the private sector's knowledge and experience to accelerate transformational investment. It also puts forward operational recommendations highlighting strategic entry points for diversification and growth, while addressing key constraints to private sector engagement. The CPSD discusses implementation principles inspired by international good practices. It informs World Bank and IFC strategies, paving the way for joint programming to create markets and unlock private sector potential
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: A small landlocked economy in the heart of West Africa's French-speaking Sahel, Burkina Faso is characterized by its modest economic size, with a rapid population growth, with one of the highest per capita birth rates in the world. Burkina Faso needs to create 300,000 jobs annually to match its demographic growth, while about ninety percent of its workers are in the informal sector. Despite sustained robust economic growth over the past two decades driven by cotton and gold exports, private investment is low. Compounding the considerable development challenges that it faces, Burkina Faso is currently confronted by acute security and climatic threats, together with emerging fiscal risks. This country private sector diagnostic (CPSD) therefore investigates whether opportunities exist for the private sector to contribute more substantially to Burkina Faso's development. The CPSD proposes a platform for action aimed at boosting Burkina Faso's development through greater private sector investment. The remainder of the report provides an overview of: (i) the private sector environment; (ii) the cross-cutting constraints to the private sector; (iii) the critical enabling sector bottlenecks to the private sector; (iv) the opportunities for the private sector; and (v) a series of priority private sector focused recommendations
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Abstract: This report takes stock of the market for impact investing and examines the conditions that would allow the market to grow and realize its potential. Historically, there have always been investors who cared about more than just financial returns. Governments and philanthropists, for example, have set up investment vehicles with mandates to promote social and environmental goals. Over the last decade, impact investing has gained prominence as an approach to investment that aims to achieve both financial returns and social or environmental goals.1 This has created a dynamic but somewhat disorganized market of diverse participants, standards, and concepts. Although still small, the market is attracting considerable interest, and it has the potential to increase in scale, and thereby contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris climate goals
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: Past economic success notwithstanding, this Country Partnership Framework (CPF) comes at a time when Kazakhstan faces growing challenges. Institutional and governance reforms have been identified by the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) as the main constraint to achieving Kazakhstan's development goals. This CPF incorporates shifts in the World Bank Group (WBG) program that are intended to directly support Kazakhstan's development objectives and assist it in IBRD graduation. The CPF will also involve a high degree of selectivity to ensure that its programming is consistent with the WBG's value proposition to upper-middle-income countries as well as the IBRD graduation policy
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation seeks to inform the World Bank's efforts to support client countries to deliver sustainable irrigation and drainage services and achieve development impacts. The results of this evaluation can help the World Bank improve strategic approaches in an evolving context. Irrigation service delivery is increasingly challenged by multiple factors that are driving demand for agricultural production, water scarcity, and variability in water precipitation. These factors include population growth and urbanization leading to increasing demand for agricultural products, and greater competition for water resources from domestic and industrial users. Untreated urban wastewater released into water bodies affects irrigation water quality. Water availability is increasingly variable because of the effects of climate change
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation examines the World Bank Group's evolving experience in building resilience in urban areas during the period 2007-17. The focus of this evaluation is the World Bank Group's support to clients in building urban resilience-to cope, recover, adapt and transform-in the face of shocks and chronic stresses
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: Fragility, conflict and violence (FCV) pose a major challenge for development and for reaching the Bank Group's twin goals. Enabling appropriate private sector activities can be a means to break free of the fragility trap by supporting economic growth, promoting local employment and income earning opportunities, generating government revenues, and delivering goods and services. However, the private sector faces substantial constraints in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS). This report takes stock of available evidence regarding the effectiveness of IFC's support in FCS. It aims to inform IFC's strategy in FCS as IFC seeks to scale up its activities in FCS as part of its commitments under the Capital Increase Package, and to provide inputs for the Bank Group's Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV) strategy currently being developed
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: Ethiopia has made impressive strides along its developmental path. Job creation is now the critical development challenge, raising the importance of the private sector agenda. After more than a decade of sustained public sector-led growth, the government is revising its growth strategy to allow for a much greater role for the private sector in driving growth and job creation. Broadening the base for job creation beyond light manufacturing toward a wider range of high productivity agricultural and services activities will help to overcome the uneven spatial distribution of manufacturing jobs across the country. Ethiopia has a number of advantages that it can leverage to attract the investment needed for job creation. These include rapidly improving transport and energy infrastructure, low labor costs, a large and growing domestic market, cheap power, an ideal climate, and preferential market access to the European Union, the United States, and other major markets. The purpose of the Ethiopia country private sector diagnostic (CPSD) is to support the transition to a private sector- driven growth model that advances the country's development objectives and, in particular, delivers the necessary jobs. It identifies investment opportunities that can materialize in the short term, and the reforms that are needed to enable these opportunities to emerge. It also discusses how specific actions by the public sector, in collaboration with the private sector, in filling gaps in public investment, reforming business regulations and trade policy, addressing market failures, and enhancing the efficiency of key backbone services and sectors, while tackling gender inequalities, can fully unleash the potential of private sector investment
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: Rwanda has made unsurmountable strides along its development path. Rwanda has placed among the world's fastest-growing economies, climbing the development ladder from second-poorest in the world in 1994 to sit ahead of nineteen other countries. Today, job creation lies at the heart of Rwanda's development challenge. The government of Rwanda (GoR) recognizes the urgency of creating new jobs. The new thirty-year Vision for the period up to 2050, which is currently being finalized, elaborates the country's long-term development goals. The core of transformation for prosperity is developing high-value and competitive sectors, to transition the population and economy from subsistence agriculture toward industry and high-skilled services. The purpose of the Rwanda country privates sector diagnostic (CPSD) is to identify market opportunities and constraints in sectors that advance the country's development objectives. By assessing the landscape of private sector investment in the country, the CPSD identifies specific constraints to private sector investment and productivity growth, concrete opportunities that could materialize in the short term, and the reforms that will enable this materialization. It then discusses how specific actions by the public sector in collaboration with the private sector by filling gaps in public investment, reforming regulations, and addressing market failures could unleash sectors' private investment potential
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Abstract: The report, a joint effort between the World Bank's Social Development Global Practice and International Finance Corporation (IFC) advisory services, is based on the idea that local engagement, for example, through benefit sharing, is an important way for better risk management and creating a more enabling environment for renewable energy development. It finds that the underlying causes of the conflicts are diverse, complex, and dynamic: influencing factors include historical struggles over poverty and inequality, land ownership, mistrust in public and private institutions, a lack of free, prior and informed consultations (FPIC) before investment flows into the region and oftentimes a missing legal framework for benefit sharing. The study provides recommendations on how to improve the investment climate for renewable energy and wind energy, in particular, through benefit sharing, risk management, and local community engagement. Integrating communities through FPIC or benefit sharing mechanisms is costly - but the cost of not integrating communities and of failed projects is even higher
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: Kenya has the opportunities and resources to stimulate sustainable economic growth and development, but its potential has been constrained by under-investment and low firm-level productivity. Altogether, its development has not been sufficiently sustainable or equitable to transform the lives of ordinary citizens. Poverty remains high, with thirty-six percent of Kenyans living under the national poverty line, whereas the richest ten percent of the population receive forty percent of the nation's income. This country private sector diagnostic (CPSD) sheds light on how the private sector can more effectively contribute to advancing the country's developmental goals. Applying a sectoral lens, it puts forward operational recommendations highlighting strategic entry points for diversification and growth and addresses key constraints to private sector engagement. It also seeks to inform World Bank and IFC strategies, paving the way for joint programming to create markets and unlock private sector potential
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) assesses the development effectiveness of the World Bank Group program in the Philippines between 2009 and 2018. The report provides input to the next Country Partnership Framework for the Philippines and may offer lessons for Bank Group country programs in other lower-middle-income countries facing similar development challenges
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: In a year marked by change throughout the institution, the Independent Evaluation Group's commitment to rigorous analysis, innovative methodological approaches, and the sharing of knowledge and lessons remains its foundation. Though topics ranged from forced displacement to creating markets, the evaluations presented similar stories about what is and is not working at the World Bank Group, providing guidance on improving outcomes. Common themes included building resilience, monitoring who benefits, and increasing private sector engagement. A highlight of FY19 was the release of the World Bank Group Evaluation Principles, co-led by the IEG Methods Adviser in collaboration with IFC, MIGA, and the World Bank. The principles act to solidify a Bank Group evaluation approach based on the evaluation framework established in FY18. The document delineates core principles for evaluation and underlying principles for planning, conducting, and using evaluations at the Bank Group. In FY20, IEG will position itself to provide even greater impact by focusing on the development effectiveness questions that most concern the institution and its clients in terms of what is needed to influence country development outcomes and where the Bank Group can do more, differently, or better. IEG has aligned its work program with Bank Group strategic priorities, keeping in mind the Sustainable Development Goals, commitments made in the IBRD and IFC Capital Packages, and the themes of the IDA's last two replenishments (IDA18 and 19)
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The international development community acknowledges that the SDGs will not be achieved without greater participation from the private sector. Estimates for investment needs in developing countries alone range from USD 3.3 trillion to USD 4.5 trillion per year. Up to 70 percent of the investment gap could come from the private sector, according to international estimates. Engaging the private sector as a financier, operator, service provider, or innovator in the pursuit of the SDGs requires efficiently functioning and competitive markets and effective governments. Such markets only emerge when there is a sufficiently conducive enabling environment that not only addresses market failures through policy reform but also improving underperforming markets through demonstration effects, enhancing competition, innovation, integration and enhancing skills through investments and advisory services. This evaluation was designed to shed light on several key aspects of the IFC's creating markets agenda and experience on the ground. Those key aspects include the following: (i) Identification of market creating opportunities; (ii) Channels through which IFC contributes to market creation; (iii) Results from IFC's market creating interventions; and (iv) Success factors driving the Bank Group's market creation results
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: World Bank emphasizes the importance of social contracts to eliminate poverty and boost shared prosperity. In the 2014 World Bank Group Goals, the World Bank calls for social contracts that prioritize the poor while creating the conditions for equitable growth. This learning-oriented evaluation generates lessons from the World Bank's experience using social contract diagnostics to help countries reshape their social contracts. It does this by:(i) evaluating the quality and value added of social contract diagnostics; (ii) assessing how social contract diagnostics are translated into operations; (iii) identifying the risks and challenges of integrating social contract diagnostics into operations; and (iv) drawing lessons on how to overcome these challenges. At the country level, this evaluation identified 21 Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs) that use a social contract framing to diagnose and explain complex development challenges such as entrenched inequalities, poor service delivery, weak institutions, and why decades of policy and institutional reforms promoted by external development actors could not fundamentally alter countries' development paths
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The World Bank Group's positioning in relation to Rwanda's Vision 2020 goal of rapidly attaining Middle-Income Country (MIC) status reflected many of the elements that are critical to realizing the country's goal: (i) Under a first pillar of promoting economic transformation for sustained growth, it supported infrastructure (notably energy and transport); the business environment (including skills development); the financial sector (including rural finance); and in the latter years the urban sector. (ii) Under a second pillar of reducing social vulnerability and raising the productivity and incomes of the poor, it supported agriculture; health (initially); and social protection-including demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants. (iii) A third accountable governance pillar aimed to strengthen central and decentralized public financial management (PFM). This evaluation assesses the development effectiveness of the World Bank Group's country program in Rwanda over the period FY09-17. The report aims to inform future partnership frameworks between the World Bank Group and the Rwandan Government. The report is also of interest to individuals and organizations working with countries striving to consolidate economic progress after a successful transition from conflict, or countries striving to reach middle-income country (MIC) status
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: The Tourism Diagnostic Toolkit provides systematic guidance for identifying and assessing opportunities and constraints in the tourism ecosystem, as well as identifying potential points of entry for WBG interventions. The toolkit includes information on the WBG's current tourism offer and the tourism diagnostic process, a set of indicators and checklists for conducting secondary research. It also includes a process to assess the country's readiness for sustainable development of its tourism sector. This toolkit should be used in tandem with FCI's Tourism Theory of Change. The Tourism Diagnostic Toolkit is part of an evolving set of FCI tourism resources, which are available for project teams to use as part of their work on tourism projects
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: Morocco has steered significant resources towards large investments in economic sectors identified as strategic to growth, and for increased productivity and value addition. Despite Morocco's strikingly high investment rate, one of the highest in the world at an average of thirty-four percent of gross domestic product (GDP) annually since the mid-2000s, the returns in economic growth, job creation and productivity, have been disappointing. The Moroccan economy has performed particularly poorly in terms of job creation. A more vibrant private sector is needed to create more jobs. This CPSD identifies policy recommendations and investment opportunities that would foster job creation by the formal private sector and improve labor supply in skills that would anchor Morocco as an emerging economy, to continue its path of growth, and to move into higher value-added and innovative sectors
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition Reports
    Abstract: This report examines how to design effective carbon pricing mechanisms (CPMs) for the construction industry. As the world's largest consumer of raw materials, it accounts for a significant proportion of final energy demand and is responsible for 25 percent to 40 percent of global carbon-related emissions. Demographic trends underline the need for the construction industry to do more to address its contribution to climate change. The world's population is predicted to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, with the majority expected to live in urban areas. This will increase demand for buildings and infrastructure; some estimates suggest that 75 percent of the infrastructure needed by 2050 must still be built
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) share distinctive challenges that require specific governance practices. This guidebook presents a tailored governance framework with structures, policies, and practices that mitigate the risks and support sustainable growth of business while recognizing the resource constraints typical of SMEs. The objective of this guidebook is to help SME entrepreneurs and their investors develop a highly tailored governance improvement plan to support sustainable growth of their companies. The SME governance methodology in this guidebook represents a governance innovation by tailoring specific recommendations to the evolutionary stages of SME growth: stage one: start-up; stage two: active growth; stage three: organizational development; and stage four: business expansion. This guidebook provides an international perspective - focusing on characteristics that are common to small and midsize businesses in many different countries. Guidebook is structured as follows: chapter one, SME governance: what is it? why is it important? explains what corporate governance is and how it differs for SMEs. Chapter two, SME governance framework defines the stages of growth for SMEs as well as governance-related risks and opportunities associated with each stage. Chapter three, key governance topics and leading practices takes a deep dive into select governance concepts and practices for each of the five governance topics. Appendix, SME governance action planning tool distills the key recommendations of the SME guidebook and presents them in the form of worksheets to help identify high-priority actions appropriate to your SME's stage of growth
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: Climate change is a threat to global development and to the core Mission of the World Bank Group. With the recognition that human activity drives global warming, the World Bank Group has pursued a long-term commitment to curb global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for more than 20 years. The purposes of this evaluation are to assess the role and contributions of the Bank Group in CF in relation to the needs and priorities of its client countries and its potential comparative advantages, and to draw lessons to inform the World Bank Group's future strategic direction in CF. The evaluation aims to answer thefollowing overarching question: What has been the strategic objective, nature of engagement, and contribution of the Bank Group in supporting CF? What lessons can be drawn from this to inform the Bank Group's strategic direction in supporting the next generation of marketbased carbon mitigation activities, given its potential comparative advantages?
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The Results and Performance of the World Bank Group (RAP) report is an annual review by the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) of the development effectiveness of the World Bank Group. The RAP covers the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Development Association), the International Finance Corporation, and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (four of the five institutions of the World Bank Group). The report synthesizes existing evidence from IEG evaluations, validations, and engagements, complemented by analysis of relevant information from other sources (for example, World Bank Group documents). Results and performance are assessed separately for each of the institutions because of their differing time frames, operating models, and clients. The theme this year is environmental sustainability, focusing on selected questions related to the contribution of the World Bank Group to environmental sustainability (chapter 1). This RAP (i) assesses the extent to which the World Bank Group portfolio includes activities that support environmental sustainability (and changes over a 10-year period), (ii) takes stock of how the World Bank Group is measuring its contribution to environmental sustainability, and (iii) presents analysis on the World Bank Group's systems for managing environmental and social risks. The RAP does not seek to provide an overall assessment of the environmental effects of the World Bank Group's projects because data are available only for the subset of projects where environmental goals were the primary objective
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This report Tackling Childcare: The Business Case for Employer-supported Childcare in Sri Lanka responds to IFC client and partner demand for country-specific business case evidence on childcare and practical guidance on putting ideas into practice. It features I O case studies of companies across sectors-including in the country's key industries such as apparel and information technology-to highlight why employers should consider supporting their employees' childcare needs. The report shows that building an onsite creche is not the only way forward, as there are many different models through which employers can support their employees. The models the companies choose depend on what they can offer-while still gaining business benefits. This publication reaches hundreds of employers in the country, so they can learn from our partners' experience and replicate what works. It is also a call to action, urging key stakeholders to invest in childcare solutions and support the infrastructure that allows childcare providers to grow at the scale that is needed to support the demand, and generate
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Abstract: The study, conducted assesses the current state of agricultural finance in the Republic of Kosovo (Kosovo) and determine ways to improve the provision of finance to Kosovo's growing agricultural economy. The study is aimed at informing the full range of stakeholders about the best options to scale up financial services for agriculture. The study relies on data from available statistics as well as on individual and group discussions with stakeholders. Kosovo's business environment is improving, despite slow advancement in the capacity and function of the public institutions responsible for providing guidance and direction to the industry. Government focus on the World Bank (WB) Doing Business indicators has produced encouraging results. According to the Doing Business 2018 report, Kosovo is currently ranked 40th in the world, up from 126th in 2012, a leap of 86 places. In ease of starting a business, Kosovo very substantially improved its ranking, by 160 places. A law on strategic investments is under consideration, and attention is being given to support public institutions that improve the business environment, such as the Business Registration Agency, which ultimately will support investors. These developments are taking place in an economy marked by high general unemployment (30.5 percent) and very high youth unemployment (52.7 percent). The public sector remains the dominant employer and pays higher wages on average than he private sector. The supply of skilled workers is insufficient to satisfy private sector demand. Small and medium enterprises dominate the economic landscape; while these are increasing in number, few grow into larger entities
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: In recent years, the world has seen formidable manifestations of citizens' engagement. By taking to the streets to condemn corruption scandals, by rallying on social media to address growing inequalities, or by participating in global consultations to develop the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ordinary citizens are increasingly eager and able to make their voices heard. At the same time, after several decades of progress, the space for citizens' voices is shrinking globally as several governments raise legal barriers to constrain actions by civil society organizations (CSOs) and to muzzle the media. In this context, the World Bank Group's commitment to citizen engagement can catalyze change. This is even more important because achieving the SDGs and the twin goals rests on the active involvement of citizens and local governments
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: Globally, although growth has lifted millions out of poverty, in many countries growth has existed in parallel with rising inequality and groups of people being left behind. Social discontent arising from the lack of inclusiveness of the growth process has sometimes led to conflicts and violence. Anchored on growth, inclusion, and sustainability, the 2013 World Bank Group Strategy promotes inclusive growth by pursuing the twin goals of eliminating absolute poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Reflecting strong concerns for equity, it embraces policies that enhance equality of opportunity and remove barriers against the often-excluded. The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) has conducted many evaluations that have assessed World Bank Group interventions in various dimensions of growth, inclusion, and sustainability. This report extracts findings and distills lessons from all relevant IEG evaluations completed between FY09 and FY18 to shed light on the nature and results of the Bank Group's support in key areas of inclusive growth
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Technological progress is often associated with the creation of novel and useful products through innovation and ingenuity. Yet in several emerging markets, including low-income economies, it is often more common to adopt, adapt, and scale technologies created elsewhere.By doing so, private enterprises in these countries could use technology to create markets and expand their product and service offerings to unserved and underserved residents, a process that produces new customers, buyers, sellers, and employees. This transforms the pursuit of profits into a driver of economic growth, as well as higher productivity and living standards, and gives technology a central role in emerging market development
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The Indonesia Corporate Governance Manual discusses key corporate governance elements that have been contextualized to take into account current Indonesian laws and regulations as well as international best practices. While it is recommended to read the entire Manual to gain a full understanding of the corporate governance framework in Indonesia, it is not necessary to read all the chapters in chronological order. The Manual includes examples, illustrations, and checklists to aid clarity and understanding
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: In a remote area of northwest Kenya lies a sprawling mass of tents and shelters made of mud brick and cement blocks. It is Kakuma camp, one of the largest and longest-standing refugee camps in the world, which was established in 1992 for refugees fleeing conflict in Sudan. Set on the border of the town of Kakuma, home to Kenya's Turkana people, Kakuma camp is a melting pot of more than 160,000 refugees and displaced people from South Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Sudan. The aim of this study is to better understand Kakuma as a potential market and identify business opportunities and challenges for the private sector. The study identified three types of players that might benefit from its findings namely, commercial firms (banks, microfinance institutions, telecommunications companies, and small and medium enterprises from other sectors), social enterprises (companies that look to attain and maximize financial, social, and environmental impacts) and local entrepreneurs (from the refugee and host communities). By collecting empirical data on revenues, consumption patterns, consumer preferences, and financial transactions in the refugee camp and neighboring town, the study addresses the lack of market information that is necessary for the identified private sector players to start or scale up their operations in the Kakuma area
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation is a corporate-level assessment of the role and effectiveness of IFC in its support to its clients' inclusive business models. It also identifies implications and options for IFC's future support to inclusive business. The evaluation uses a two-pronged approach based on: (i) a review of IFC's entire portfolio (comparing inclusive business projects with the rest of IFC's portfolio), integrating IEG's relevant evaluative evidence across different sectors and themes; and (ii) a focus on the agribusiness sector. Based on the findings of this evaluation, the report concludes with three options for IFC to consider: (i) Option 1: Keep the current approach, (ii) Option 2: Upgrade IFC's current approach to an "operational framework", and (iii) Option 3: Design a corporate strategy toward inclusive business
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation assesses the development effectiveness of the Bank Group's country program in Mexico between 2008 and 2017 to inform the next CPF (FY19). The country program evaluation (CPE) will deepen knowledge on what has and has not worked and provide timely feedback on upcoming operational choices. The report will inform not only the Bank Group's Mexico Country Management Unit and Mexican government but also a wider Bank Group audience, focused on middle-income countries (MICs) and other development practitioners. The evaluation examines the relevance and effectiveness of the Bank Group program in Mexico in its core areas, and also, as a methodological innovation, examines four overarching areas: (i) the extent to which the Bank Group contributed to identifying Mexico's binding development constraints and to promoting sound policy choices; (ii) Bank Group contributions to Mexico's results in reducing poverty and promoting shared prosperity; (iii) the effectiveness of Bank Group use of lending, knowledge, and convening power services in shaping its role; and (iv) the extent to which Bank Group support to Mexico's development innovations was beneficial to the Bank Group's knowledge base and to other Bank Group member countries. Overall results reflect both program results in core areas and the answers to the overarching questions. The overview of this report is also available in Spanish
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Water Papers
    Abstract: The Philippines is home to around twenty five million of the 2.3 billion people worldwide who lack access to a basic sanitation service. Poor sanitation has enormous economic and human costs. The spread of water-borne diseases, for instance, results in billions of dollars in costs to the government and poor quality of life for many citizens. IFC's Inclusive Business team partnered with the Manila Water Foundation, which is Manila Water Company's social responsibility arm established in 2005, to undertake a three-part study that would assess the reasons why low income urban households in the Philippines still do not have improved sanitation facilities and to test possible sanitation solutions that enable these households to improve their sanitation conditions. The study is part of IFC's ongoing efforts to partner with the private and public sectors to promote inclusive and sustainable growth through market based solutions for the poor and underserved.The objectives of this study are to provide context for the sanitation conditions of low-income communities in the Philippines and to identify the opportunities and barriers to improving sanitation systems
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Transformations in the mi ...
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Commodities Study
    Abstract: The International Finance Corporation (IFC), in partnership with the Fiji Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and the Fiji Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Tourism (MITT), conducted a study of the sourcing of imported and local fresh produce by Fiji's hotel sector. The study analyzes the purchasing patterns of Fiji's hotels, to better understand existing linkages between the tourism and agriculture sectors, and to identify opportunities to improve these linkages. This report covers Fiji's main tourism areas of Nadi, Lautoka, the Mamanuca and Yasawa Islands, Denarau, and the Coral Coast that are home to 74 percent of all bed places. The report estimates the demand for vegetables, fruits, meats, seafood, dairy, herbs, and juice products across hotels in Fiji's main tourism areas. Based on this demand estimate, as well as on feedback from specialists working in the sector and qualitative interviews with hotel chefs, owners, and purchasing managers, the report identifies specific fresh produce items that have potential for import replacement by local agricultural producers. The results and recommendations in this report can be used by the Fijian Government, farmers and suppliers, donor and development partners, hotels, and the broader agricultural industry to develop, fund, and implement the policies and practices required to increase economic linkages between tourism operators and farmers
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Strategic Environmental Assessment/Analysis
    Abstract: The Myanmar hydropower sector, in the early stages of development, has the opportunity to develop sustainably by balancing electricity generation with environmental and social outcomes. The country is currently following a conventional hydropower development process, with individual projects identified and approved without due consideration of the overall cumulative impacts that multiple projects and other pressures have on the river basin. In many countries this process has resulted in most major rivers and tributaries suitable for hydropower being developed, regulating these watercourses for 50-100 years and beyond. Significant cumulative impacts on basin health and related ecosystem services have resulted, with minimal opportunity available to lessen these impacts. This Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the Myanmar hydropower sector considers environmental and social values at the river basin level, recommending an approach to achieve sustainable hydropower development. The SEA recommends moving the initial planning focus away from individual projects to basin health to plan a sustainable sector development
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition Reports
    Abstract: The global construction industry is the world's largest consumer of raw materials, and constructed objects account for between 25 and 40 percent of total carbon emissions in the world. The industry is projected to grow at 4.2 percent annually between 2018 and 2023 in terms of market value, with expansion opportunities in residential, nonresidential, and infrastructure projects. In parallel, the Paris Agreement and its well-below-2 degrees Celsius target for global temperature increase has signaled an imperative toward decarbonization in the public and private sectors, including creating the impetus for a sustainable construction industry. With increasing populations, urbanization, and the fact that almost 75 percent of the infrastructure that will exist in 2050 has yet to be built, the construction industry is expected only to expand, thus providing a significant opportunity to improve its efficiency and transition toward a low-carbon future. This paper provides a framework for considering the construction value chain and explores existing attitudes and initiatives toward carbon pricing along it, with the objective of enabling companies to identify possible synergies and align their approaches to sustainability. Twelve of the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition's (CPLC) partner companies representing sectors across the construction value chain, including aluminum, cement, glass, infrastructure, equipment manufacturing, construction services, and steel were interviewed to understand their motivations and experiences as they attempt to implement carbon pricing and transition toward low-carbon construction. Finally, the CPLC provides a forum for private companies to engage with governments to ensure the development of well-designed carbon pricing policies to help create a level playing field
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The World Bank Group began evaluating projects in 1970 when President Robert McNamara created an Operations Evaluation Unit in the World Bank's Programming and Budgeting Department. In 1973, the unit became the Operations Evaluation Department, which reported to the Board of Executive Directors and became the first independent evaluation function in an international financial institution. After evaluation offices were established in the International Finance Corporation (IFC) in 1984 and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) in 2002, the three evaluation functions were merged into the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) in July 2006. As the scope of World Bank Group operations and its portfolio of products grows, IEG continues to develop and adapt its approaches to evaluating development effectiveness. These approaches include assessing outcomes against stated objectives, benchmarks, standards, and expectations, or assessing what might have happened in the absence of the project, program, or policy. Across projects, IEG looks at the patterns of what works under what circumstances. IEG's evaluation approach reflects and is harmonized with internationally accepted evaluation norms and principles, such as the quality standards for development evaluation of the OECD Development Assistance Committee, the good practice standards of the Evaluation Cooperation Group, and the norms and standards of the United Nations Evaluation Group.IEG adheres to a multilayered quality assurance model, which includes in-depth review of intermediate and final evaluation products by internal (IEG) and external peers. A Methods Advisory Function was established in fiscal year (FY)16 to promote internal knowledge sharing on evaluation design issues and methodological innovation. This fiscal year, the Bank Group introduced a Bank Group-wide evaluation framework, which reiterated the independence of IEG and made explicit our dual mandate of promoting accountability and fostering learning. IEG's new Results Framework aligns with the World Bank Group's evaluation framework and the revised IEG mandate
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: A large share of the world's population today has access to health services, but the health needs of a great segment of the global population remain unmet. In 2013, more than 400 million people worldwide were not receiving at least one of the seven essential health services identified as priority areas in the Millennium Development Goals. Demographic and epidemiological changes, the increasing importance of noncommunicable diseases, the effects of climate change and natural disasters, and the surge of pandemic threats compound an already challenging situation in many countries. Challenges to health services are exacerbated further in countries facing fragile and conflict-affected situations. This evaluation aims to assess the roles and contributions of the World Bank Group in supporting health services in client countries. It also seeks to provide lessons and recommendations for achieving greater development effectiveness in future support to health services. This evaluation aims to fill an evaluative evidence gap in the health sector. It is the first comprehensive health sector evaluation carried out by the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) since 2009. This evaluation also complements the 2014 IEG health financing evaluation, which examined how World Bank Group support to revenue collection for health, pooling of health funds and risks, and health financing reforms have improved equity in health financing and service use, financial protection, and efficiency
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Countries around the worl ...
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This publication provides a baseline exploration into gender diversity in the Ghanaian boardroom.It examines gender diversity-across sectors, ownership types, legal status, listing status, and anumber of organizational and board-level characteristics- to provide empirical evidence to guidethe development of organizational and national policy. The study, launched in Accra in October 2016, mainly focused on generating a balanced and objective analysis of the issues surrounding women in the boardroom to ascertain the business case for having females on boards in Ghana. The objectives of the study were to examine the nature of gender diversity in public and private sector boards in Ghana, examine the determinants of board diversity in Ghanaian organizations, examine the relationship between gender diversity and organizational performance in Ghana, and to explore the experiences of women on boards. The first section of this report provides contextand background for the study, beginning with a summary of global trends in gender diversity and,more specifically, an overview of the regulatory and legal framework on gender diversity in Ghana.It also states the purpose of the study and cites significant previous studies. And it describes the research methodology used for this study. The second section presents and discusses the study's findings, including a look at the firms sampled. It examines the nature of boards and gender diversity in Ghanaian boardrooms and explores gender dynamics within the corporate setting.The final two sections consider the implications of the study's findings, particularly the challenges, prospects, and experiences of women on boards, followed by a presentation of conclusions and policy recommendations
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Abstract: The objective of the diagnostic review of financial consumer protection in PNG was to assess the FCP legal and regulatory framework and industry practices relevant to key parts of the regulated PNG financial sector. The diagnostic specifically considers the banking, non-bank financial institutions (NBFI), insurance, and payments sectors. Preliminary consideration has also been given to the superannuation sector and the securities, investments and informal sectors are not within the scope of this review. The review was conducted based on the revised and enhanced 2017 World Bank Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection and the G20 High - Level Principles on Financial Consumer Protection and Digital Financial Inclusion. Regard has also been had to the Better Than Cash Alliance Responsible Digital Payments Guidelines. The following topics have been covered: (i) legal and regulatory framework; (ii) FCP supervision and capacity; (iii) transparency and fair treatment; and (iv) consumer complaints. A broad variety of stakeholders were consulted for the purposes of this diagnostic review, including government entities and regulators, representatives of the banking, NBFI, insurance and payments sectors and industry associations. The report was prepared as part of the PNG Financial Consumer Protection Project, funded by the Department of Foreign Affairs in Australia and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in New Zealand under the PNG Partnership
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Abstract: The purpose of this Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) is to assess opportunities and constraints holding back private sector growth. It conducts a diagnostic of the main cross-cutting constraints to private sector competitiveness and growth through data analysis, synthesis of existing research and stakeholder consultations. This exercise also identifies sectors that could play a key role in enabling Nepal's growth, by either enabling other sectors or capitalizing on Nepal's inherent comparative advantage to tap global markets. Sector deep dives help identify private sector constraints specific to these sectors, including sector-specific manifestations of cross-cutting constraints. The CPSD analysis finally identifies key recommendations on policy reforms and investments in public goods (including public-private partnerships) that could enable growth of a competitive private sector
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Turkey covers the period FY18-21. It is aligned with the objectives of Turkey's 10th Development Plan and is based on the findings of a World Bank Group (WBG) Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) that was finalized in February 2017. The CPF aims to help Turkey to achieve its development objectives through building on the foundations of the existing program and consolidating gains in key areas where the WBG is already active, as well as developing the program further in areas which target the WBG twin goals of reducing extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The CPF puts forward a flexible approach for the WBG's program that is appropriate for a middle-income country of Turkey's size and takes account of the evolving country and regional situation
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Belize covers the period from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022 (FY18-22). It presents the World Bank Group's (WBG) program and the anticipated results framework. It builds on the results and lessons of Belize's first Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) that covered the period FY12-15. This CPF is well aligned with the Government's long-term development vision, Horizon 2030: National Development Framework 2010-2030, and the thematic priorities emerging from the 2016 Belize Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD). The overarching goal of the proposed CPF is to support Belize in strengthening its economic resilience. Recognizing the special characteristics of a small state with associated capacity and absorptive constraints, the CPF proposes a consolidated and focused program. This will be the second full strategy for Belize, with the engagement still maturing, and it factors in lessons from the implementation of the first strategy. Therefore, the CPF will retain flexibility in some elements of the engagement that will be further defined with the Government during implementation. The Performance and Learning Review (PLR) at mid-point will incorporate necessary adjustments including in the Results Framework. The CPF is organized around two focus areas: (a) fostering climate resilience and environmental sustainability; and (b) promoting Financial Inclusion and social resilience. To support these focus areas, the CPF envisages the implementation of a program that could reach up to US
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Thirty years after the launch of the economic reforms known as Doi Moi, Vietnam is considered a development success story-marked by remarkable poverty reduction and economic growth. Notwithstanding notable achievements, development challenges persist. The last World Bank Group (WBG) country strategy for Vietnam, the FY12-16 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), was presented to the WBG Board of Directors on December 15, 2011.The Vietnam Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the period FY18-22. It has been prepared based on analysis and conclusions in Vietnam 2035: Toward Prosperity, Creativity, Equity, and Democracy (Vietnam 2035)1 and in the 2016 Vietnam Systematic CountryDiagnostic (SCD), and informed by the CPS Completion and Learning Review (CLR) and the 2016 Client Survey. The CPF is fully aligned with the Government of Vietnam's (GoV) 2010-20 Socio-Economic Development Strategy (SEDS) and the recent 2016-20 Socio-Economic Development Plan (SEDP). The CPF responds to priorities for support expressed by the government and builds on the WBG's comparative advantage.The CPF is prepared at a critical juncture in Vietnam's development and at a time of transition. FY18 represents a new period in GoV-WBG relations as Vietnam graduates from the International Development Association (IDA) at end-FY17. Moreover, success raises expectations-Vietnam has high ambitions for further development and growth, aspiring to modernity, industrialization, and a better quality of life.The CPS has three pillars: (i) strengthen Vietnam's competitiveness in the regional and global economy; (ii) increase sustainability of the country's development; and (iii) broaden access to economic and social opportunity, supported by three cross-cutting themes: (a) strengthen governance, (b) promote gender equality, and (c) improve resilience related to external economic and climatic shocks
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: International Finance Corporation (IFC) defines inclusive business models (IBM) as enterprises that help expand access to goods, services, and livelihood opportunities to those at the base of the pyramid in commercially viable, scalable ways. The context of India - poor health indicators, a globalized economy, the government's willingness to work with the private sector, and recognition of the poor as clients rather than beneficiaries - has led to the emergence of inclusive business models in the Indian economy. A number of for-profit and not-for-profit organizations have emerged as inclusive business models in India. Also, many organizations work with the government to provide healthcare services through public-private partnership (PPP) models. This IFC and Wadhwani Initiative for Sustainable Healthcare (WISH) study provides an overview of the landscape of inclusive business models in the healthcare sector. It includes challenges they face, strategies they adopt to succeed, and suggestions on how the ecosystem can enable and facilitate their growth
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation assesses the World Bank Group's effectiveness in supporting improved access to adequate, reliable, and sustained water and sanitation services in client countries. It also examines how well the Bank Group is equipped to support the countries in moving toward sustained water and sanitation services for all, with a focus on the poor, in keeping with Sustainable Development Goal 6. The World Bank Group provided USD 30.3 billion for WSS to client countries during FY2007-16. The World Bank accounted for the largest share with USD 28.4 billion (93 percent), followed by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) with USD 1.5 billion (5 percent), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) with USD 0.4 billion (2 percent). Lack of financial viability and accountability of service providers are at the core of gaps and disparities in global water and sanitation services, and the World Bank Group's response has been inadequate. Securing financial viability and institutional accountability is also crucial to attract much needed investments into the water and sanitation service sector, including private sector finance. The water and sanitation services sector faces cross-sectoral challenges that are approaching crisis proportions in many areas, but the World Bank Group has not developed yet a systematic response to address such challenges. Without tackling financial viability and cross-sectoral impacts head-on, credible progress towards SDG 6 is unlikely. IEG's evaluation also highlights pioneering and successful initiatives by the Bank in the WSS sector in several countries. The challenge is to replicate these positive experiences elsewhere
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: During the past decade, the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluated the World Bank Group's response to systemic shocks and its efforts to help build resilience in response to shocks such as the food crisis of 2007-08, the global financial crisis of 2008-09, natural disasters, climate change, and pandemics. These evaluations examined the response to each of these different shocks separately. This study examines the evaluations and learning products to draw general lessons from the experience that can help strengthen future support to countries' resilience-building efforts
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Abstract: South Asia is home to three of the top five countries in terms of vulnerability to climate change globally.It thus urgently needs climate investment to enhance resilience and unlock opportunities for low carbon growth. The region is one of the fastest growing regions in the world; however, estimates suggest that climate impacts could reduce its annual gross domestic product by an average of 1.8 percent by 2050,rising to 8.8 percent by 2100.The good news is that the region has governments that are actively pursuing ambitious policies to address climate change. Moreover, its private sector is already investing in climate-smart sectors, developing new business models and technologies,building more resilient supply chains, and growing their operations in sustainable way.Countries of focus for this report have been identified based on IFC'soperational regional grouping for South Asia, which includes Bangladesh,Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. All six of these countries have ratified the 2015 Paris Agreement and pledged to tackle climate change in support of it, as part of their ambitious long-term economic growth and sustainable development plans. Almost all the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) across the region make some reference to the private sector's role. Climate business activity in keysectors such as renewable energy, green buildings, and energy-efficiency has increased since the Paris Agreement, boosted by governments' commitments to address climate change
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: As in most economies, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in emerging markets are widely believed to be the engine of growth across. Over the last decade, many researchers and academics have tried to analyze the issue of MSME access to finance, emphasizing their dependence on credit and cash flows. This study presents a new approach to the estimation of the unmet demand for financing from MSMEs in developing countries. Importantly, it also describes the potential implications for the public-sector bodies, private sector financial institutions, and technology providers. The present research adds significant value to the repository of data in the MSME space, and opens new opportunities for further investigation. It estimates both supply of and demand for MSME finance on a global scale, which has never been done in a comprehensive way. This approach estimates MSME equilibrium lending in developed economies according to the industry, age, and size categories, and applies this benchmark to MSMEs in developing countries. It estimates the MSME finance gap as the difference between current supply and potential demand which can potentially be addressed by financial institutions. This report is divided into five sections. The first section reviews the literature about financing MSMEs. The second section describes the methodology of the present research, data sources, and the model specification. The third section analyzes the results of the finance gap estimation, including regional comparisons, formal, and informal MSME sector results, and gender disaggregated statistics. The fourth section elaborates on the implications of the finance gap for the public sector, including government agencies and multilateral organizations and lending institutions. Finally, the fifth section highlights implications for the private sector, including banks and non-bank financial institutions, as well as financial technology companies
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Cement is paramount for economic development and poverty reduction in emerging markets. Along with aggregates and water, cement is the key ingredient in the production of concrete, and, as such, is an essential construction material that enables large infrastructure projects in energy, water, and transport, as well as, importantly, the construction of modern buildings and urban infrastructure. Given the rapid urbanization rates in developing countries, cement is crucial for delivering on the climate-smart cities agenda. Emerging markets have been rapidly increasing their cement use and now account for over ninety percent of cement consumption worldwide. This report and an accompanying report on alternative fuels provide a summary of international best practice experience in the cement sector and focus on specific technical measures that could be implemented by cement plants to reduce their operating costs and improve their carbon footprints. The reports provide a plethora of practical information from implemented projects and include detailed technical descriptions, capital and operating costs, and case studies and references from locations where the measures have been implemented. A combination of general and in-depth information will make these reports a helpful read to both management and technical and operating personnel of cement plants as well as to a larger range of stakeholders
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This report, and an accompanying report on thermal and electric energy efficiency, provide a summary of international best practice experience in the cement sector and focus on specific technical measures that can be implemented by cement plants to reduce their operating costs and improve their carbon footprints. The reports provide a plethora of practical information from implemented projects and include detailed technical descriptions, estimates of capital, and operating costs, as well as case studies and references from locations where the measures have been implemented. A combination of general and in-depth information will make these reports a helpful read to both management and technical and operating personnel of cement plants as well as to a larger range of stakeholders
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The focus of this paper is on sustainable tourism's wider benefits, it is important to acknowledge that there are tradeoffs involved. Like other economic activities, tourism both gives and takes from communities and travelers. When it is poorly planned, tourism can negatively impact cities, parks, and historic monuments, and put severe pressure on local infrastructure, resident communities, and their resources. When properly planned and managed, sustainable tourism can contribute to improved livelihoods, inclusion, cultural heritage and natural resource protection, and promote international understanding. The goal of this paper is to build the case for this type of sustainable and inclusive tourism development. In support of sustainable tourism, United Nations has designated 2017 as the International Year of 'Sustainable Tourism for Development'. Sustainable tourism is identified as a vital component to ensure the achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 12, and 14 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This makes it an ideal moment to update and reaffirm the evidence case behind tourism as a development tool. UNWTO (the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism) outlines the five pillars of tourism for development shown. Drawing from these pillars, this paper identifies 20 reasons sustainable tourism counts for tourism destinations, people who live there, and travelers. The following reasons are only a starting point for integrating a holistic approach to sustainable tourism into development projects
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Since the early 1990s, the industrial timber plantation (Hutan Tanaman Industri - HTI) scheme has been intended to serve as a major source of timber to meet domestic and export demand. The need to meet a large gap between legal wood supply and demand for forests products has been the recent years as high as 50 million
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The country partnership framework (CPF) for Brazil covers the six-year period from FY18 to FY23.1 The CPF is aligned with the objectives of the country's development strategy as outlined in the Brazil growth strategy presented by the authorities and is rooted in the findings and recommendations of the World Bank Group (WBG) systematic country diagnostic (SCD) for Brazil, which contains an analysis of key constraints for inclusive and sustainable growth. The CPF supports the country in making further progress on the WBG twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity through a program that focuses on creating the conditions for faster job growth. The CPF reflects the priorities of the Brazilian authorities and the resources and capacity of the WBG to deliver against these priorities. The CPF is built around three focus areas: (i) fiscal consolidation and government effectiveness; (ii) private sector investment and productivity; and (iii) equitable and sustainable development. The CPF continues the strong focus on improved service delivery that was at the center of the previous strategy, including through the implementation of the large existing portfolio, but with a growing emphasis on new management models that promise to increase the efficiency and efficacy of the public sector in addition to safeguarding access for the poor
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Ethiopia has achieved substantial progress in economic, social, and human development over the past decade. The country partnership framework (CPF) draws on the findings of the World Bank Group (WBG's) 2016 systematic country diagnostic (SCD) for Ethiopia, which identified eight binding constraints to ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity, along with two overarching challenges: the need for a sustainable financing model for growth, and inadequate feedback mechanisms to facilitate citizen engagement and government account- ability. This CPF succeeds the Ethiopia FY13-FY16 country partnership strategy (CPS), which was discussed at the Board on August 29, 2012. It also reflects lessons learned and resulting suggestions from the CPS completion and learning review (CLR), which is presented in this report. Following a decade of strong economic growth in Ethiopia, the CPF addresses the challenges of forging a growth path that is more broadly inclusive and sustainable. The CPF program will focus on: (i) promoting structural and economic transformation through increased productivity; (ii) building resilience and inclusiveness (including gender equality); and (iii) supporting institutional accountability and confronting corruption. This CPF adopts a spatial lens through which this five-year program will seek to deliver bold results and to tackle two of the greatest spatial challenges to Ethiopia's quest to achieve lower middle-income status by 2025
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Mauritius covers FY17-21. The previous Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) was originally intended to cover FY07-13 but was extended through FY15 at the time of the CPS Progress Report. The CPF is informed by the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) that was circulated to the Board in July 2015. Elections in December 2014 led to the formation of a new Government and this CPF is aligned strategically with the Government Programme 2015-2019, Achieving Meaningful Change, that was presented to Parliament on January 27, 2015. The CPF seeks to maximize over a five-year period the comparative advantages of the World Bank Group (WBG), through packages of innovative public and private financing options based on cutting edge global knowledge and experience. The CPS provided strategic support around the Government of Mauritius' (GoM) four pillars of reform : (i) fiscal consolidation and improving public sector efficiency; (ii) improving trade competitiveness; (iii) improving the business climate; and (iv) democratizing the economy through participation, inclusion and sustainability. The report evaluates the achievements of CPS program outcomes as laid out in the results matrix; assesses the WBG's performance in designing and implementing the CPS program, and draws lessons for the preparation of the forthcoming Country Partnership Framework (CPF). The CPS pillars were relevant and well aligned in addressing Government priorities and country needs. Flexibility in the design of the strategy facilitated rapid response to changing needs and the Bank was able to respond promptly and effectively to unexpected events such as the triple trade shocks, global financial crisis and political transition
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This document presents the World Bank Group (WBG) Country Partnership Framework (CPF) withthe Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) for 2017-2021. The WBG CPF aims at supportingLasting Accessible Opportunities for all including sustained green growth, improved access to humanand infrastructure services, and opportunities for all. The previous Country Partnership Strategy (CPS)2012-2016 built a solid foundation and a strong relationship with the Government of Lao PDR (GOL). The CPF supports the GOL's 8th National Socio-Economic Development Plan (NSEDP) for2016-2020. The 8th NSEDP introduces policies intended to put Lao PDR on a path to reduce povertyand promote shared prosperity in a sustainable manner, based on green growth principles. Lao PDR'sdevelopment has advanced greatly in the last two decades, although significant challenges remain.Incomes have risen, poverty has declined, access to several key public services has improved and asa result Lao PDR met a number of its Millennium Development Goals. With GDP growth averaging8 percent per year since 2000, Lao PDR today is a lower-middle income country with a GNI percapita of around US
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In recent years, banks in Pakistan and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have become increasingly interested in targeting the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and have realized that many small businesses demand Shariah-compliant banking. To provide clarity on the subject, International Finance Corporation (IFC) commissioned a study to better understand the demand and supply for Islamic banking products (both asset and liability products as well as other banking services) in the SME sector in Pakistan. This report on Pakistan reveals a new to bank Islamic funding and depository opportunity, primarily due to un-served and underserved SMEs (approximately 20 percent to 25 percent), who do not borrow from conventional banks due to religious reasons. In order to reach out to SMEs demanding Islamic products, and as part of IFC's initiative to enhance its SME investment and advisory services offerings to Islamic financial institutions, one needed to better understand the market from both the demand and supply sides in order to identify any gaps or niches where IFC can assist and add value. IFC commissioned a study in nine countries of the MENA region, which includes Pakistan, to better understand the demand and supply for Islamic banking products (both asset and liability products and other banking services) in the SME sector. The countries chosen for this study are: (1) Iraq, (2) Pakistan, (3) Yemen, (4) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, (5) Egypt, (6) Lebanon, (7) Morocco, (8) Tunisia, and (9) Jordan. This regional executive summary provides a comparative analysis of the SME potential across these countries and the opportunities available to Islamic institutions to tap this potential. The nine individual country reports provide a deeper insight into the SME landscape and potential opportunities for Islamic banks in each country. The reports also highlight the measures that banks may need to take to successfully target the Islamic banking potential of SMEs. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: India is one of the world's great reservoirs of history, cultures, philosophies, and religions. The Buddhist circuit is a route that follows in the footsteps of the Buddha from Lumbini in Nepal where he was born, through Bihar in India where he attained enlightenment, to Sarnath and Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh in India, where he gave his first teachings and died. The Buddhist circuit is an important pilgrimage destination for the 450 million practicing Buddhists as well as travelers interested in history, culture, or religion. Investing in the Buddhist Circuit is the result of first-time collaboration between the Government of India's Ministry of Tourism, the State Governments of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the private sector, Buddhist monasteries and sects, and the World Bank Group. The work was led by the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group. Extensive on-the-ground data collection, consultations, and analysis were conducted. The outcome is a framework for public and private sector investment that secures and enhances the experience of the sites while unleashing the full job creation potential of tourist spending at the towns and sites, and along the Buddhist circuit. The strategy outlined in this document seeks to grow the economic impact of tourism along the Buddhist circuit by attracting higher-spending tourists and linking them to local goods and service providers. This strategy recognizes that both public and private sector investment is required to drive demand and improve quality of experience while respecting, preserving, and enhancing the religious value and significance of the sites. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: In line with IEG's long-term agenda, we have delivered timely, highly relevant evaluations that speak to the current issues. Likewise, we have influenced debates in our three strategic engagement areas: inclusive and sustainable economic growth, investing in people, and fostering resilience to global shocks and threats. We completed an important assessment of how wellthe World Bank Group is positioned to attain its goal of boosting shared prosperity. The results should help the World Bank Group institutions-the International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)-adjust their programsto ensure ultimate success. We also completed two evaluations on delivering services to the poor and simultaneously stimulated discussions about the assessment of service delivery and behaviorchange. For our strategic engagement area on environmental sustainability, we put together a synthesis paper of all our findings on resilience to systemic shocks. During the year, we enhanced our investments in methodology. With the systematic involvement of our new methods advisor, we have seen a greater range of evaluation methods used in our major reports. These investments will further mature in the coming years and be the platform on which IEG can start testing new methods in the future
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: Client engagement is essential for the IFC to support the private sector, maximize finance for development, and contribute to achieving the World Bank Group's twin goals. This IEG evaluation assesses how the IFC has implemented its strategic approach to client engagement since the early 2000s, and its effects on IFC's clients and the development impact of its operations
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The evaluation exercise f ...
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: This evaluation assesses the World Bank Group's record on implementation of the shared prosperity goal since 2013 using the official definition of the goal of fostering income growth of the bottom 40 percent. It also analyzes institutional requirements for effective implementation of the goal, and assesses the extent to which the Bank Group was already incorporating distributional issues in its various activities during the period 2005-13, before the adoption of the goal.Principal conclusions are as follows. The World Bank Group has made a significant effort to incorporate the shared prosperity goal-since its introduction in 2013--into its various products and services, across regions, global practices and World Bank Group institutions. These efforts have been spearheaded by knowledge. And the World Bank Group has used its convening power and partnerships at global and country levels to boost shared prosperity. However, an increased focus on distributional issues in the World Bank's lending projects does not automatically lead to improved development outcomes. Greater efforts are needed in the following areas to translate the increased focus into strong development results. First, the World Bank Group strategies and projects should have well-defined theories of change that explain how and under what conditions its interventions are expected to lead to improved shared prosperity outcomes. Second, associated results frameworks should allow for adequately monitoring impacts on the bottom 40 percent, and more distributional data should become available for measuring World Bank contributions. Third, strong analytical underpinnings are critical to strengthening the design of shared prosperity-focused interventions. This requires ensuring adequate funding of knowledge work and rigorous analysis of distributional effects. Fourth, the report recommends that the World Bank Group monitors systematically spatial congruence of its projects with the geographic distribution of the bottom 40 percent populations.Finally, stronger efforts are needed to make sure that the World Bank Group staff are aware of what the shared prosperity goal entails for the institution and its clients, but also have the skills needed for effectively incorporating and monitoring distributional objectives in the result chains of World Bank Group strategies and projects
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: Working as One World Bank Group is central to the WBG's strategy of helping countries end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity sustainably. Over the past 20 years (1995 to 2015), many initiatives have sought to boost WBG effectiveness by increasing the number of projects jointly financed by IFC, MIGA, and/or the World Bank. Yet the number of joint projects still amounts to a very modest share of the overall WBG project commitments. This first systematic stocktaking by IEG of joint or co-financed projects within the WBG offers insight on both benefits of, and challenges in, developing, structuring, supervising, monitoring and evaluating joint projects. It draws lessons from past experience, staff and client feedback, and highlights implications for WBG management regarding expectations of increased co-financed projects in the future
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Abstract: Rapid urbanization in emerging markets has created new challenges for economic development and poverty reduction. The need for more buildings, transport and other infrastructure has boosted demand for construction materials and especially cement, making it the centerpiece of the urban development agenda. In Sub-Saharan Africa, consumption of cement is expected to continue to grow over the coming decade. To meet this demand, over a dozen new kilns were launched in Africa in recent years. At the same time, increasing output poses challenges for cement producers, who invest significantly in sourcing energy and fuel, primarily coal or natural gas. An alternative approach is to improve efficiency and implement new technologies, such as waste heat recovery and renewable energy, and utilize alternative fuels, which are already used by major players in the cement sector globally. In IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, we have an investment portfolio in cement and construction materials of over USD 4.2 billion, and vast global experience in developing innovative solutions and leveraging best practices. For instance, we identify waste heat recovery opportunities as well as international best practices in the use of alternative fuels at cement plants. This report summarizes the outcomes of the assessment of alternative fuel opportunities in the country, with a focus on sourcing energy from municipal, commercial and similar waste, tires, sewage sludge and agricultural residue. It outlines the total potential as well as possible project models, involving linkages between the cement and waste management sectors. IFC has also assessed market barriers and offered measures that will increase the uptake of the use of alternative fuels
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Abstract: The principal outcome of the tax reform implemented in recent years in the Republic of Tajikistan is the reduction of administrative burden on the private sector associated with compliance with tax legislation through simplified tax procedures and less time required to pass these procedures. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institute, which is focused on support to the private sector in emerging economies. The objective of the IFC Central Asia Tax Project is to improve compliance with mandatory requirements of tax legislation through better transparency and simplification of tax administration procedures. IFC through its technical assistance tax reforms projects, has conducted a series of studies, which allow to monitor the tax system reforming processes in Tajikistan. The main goal of the studies was a periodic assessment of time and costs of taxpayers in Tajikistan to comply with the mandatory requirements of the tax legislation. As part of the study, three rounds of measurements were performed, where the tax administration costs of the Tajik taxpayers were assessed at a regular time span - in 2012, 2014, and 2016. This report presents the results of all three rounds of business environment surveys in the area of tax regulation. It includes the estimates of tax accounting costs of taxpayers in Tajikistan in 2012, 2014, and 2016
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Investment Climate Assessment
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This preparatory World Bank paper on tourism and gender explains the rationale for integrating a gender lens into tourism development projects. It also includes a set of resources designed to help development professionals and project managers get started and find necessary data. This paper paves the way for more in-depth operational research and data collection on what works for empowering women in the tourism sector
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Solving the liquidity management challenge is one of the next big issues facing mobile money providers around the world. In Kenya, 20 percent of m-pesa customers report that they cannot withdraw money from an m-pesa agent. In 70 percent of those cases, the retail agent did not have sufficient funds. Nonetheless, more than 98 percent of m-pesa customers are happy with the solution. This suggests that even though there are liquidity problems, the customers are willing to look past that - at least for the time being - because of the overall value they perceive from the mobile money solution. Liquidity management takes two forms: management of electronic value in the mobile wallet and cash management. It is becoming more common for electronic liquidity to be handled not only by the retail agents, but also by the master agents. Technology is also being developed to help the master agents and the mobile financial services provider (MFSP) manage liquidity
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Ukraine covers the 5 years from FY17 to FY21. The CPF is aligned with the objectives of the country's development strategy as outlined in the Government Program and Action Plan adopted in April 2017 and is based on the findings and recommendations of the World Bank Group (WBG) Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Ukraine. The objective of the WBG CPF in Ukraine during FY17-FY21 is to promote sustained and inclusive economic recovery after nearly a decade of stagnation and two years of economic crisis. The focus areas of the CPF broadly parallel the pathways identified in the SCD, but are further prioritized. The engagement will be highly selective and based on the intersection of the Government's development agenda, the development challenges and approaches outlined in the SCD, and the comparative advantage and capacity of WBG to deliver. The resulting CPF focus areas are : (i) Better Governance, Anticorruption, and Citizen Engagement; (ii) Making Markets Work; (iii) Fiscal and Financial Sustainability; and (iv) Efficient, Effective, and Inclusive Service Delivery
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This World Bank Group (WBG) Guinea-Bissau country partnership framework (CPF) will be the first full country strategy since 1997. The development of the CPF has benefited from the findings of the 2016 systematic country diagnostic (SCD) and the 2015 fragility assessment, and addresses the main lessons learned from the completion and learning review (CLR) at annex 2. It also reflects feedback from consultations with the government, private sector, civil society, and development partners. This CPF supports the national development plan, Terra Ranka (fresh start), which was developed by the government elected in 2014. The CPF presents a selective and flexible WBG program. The focus areas of the CPF program will be on increased access to quality basic services and expanded economic opportunities and enhanced resilience to shocks
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Nicaragua remains one of the poorest countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). About 30 percent of the population lived below the official poverty line in 2014, and eight percent were considered extremely poor. GDP per capita stood at about USD 2,087 in 2015, the second lowest in LAC after Haiti. Access to basic services, such as electricity and water and sanitation, is low and largely unequal. Other key social indicators, including access to education, completion rates, and teenage pregnancy, also lag behind the regional average. Since the country's democratic transition in the early 1990s, Nicaragua has undergone a solid economic recovery from a very low base, due to three main factors. These include i) improved macroeconomic management and debt relief; ii) reforms aiming at transforming Nicaragua back into a market economy; and iii) demographic change. As a result, real GDP growth averaged about 4 percent between 1994 and 2015
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Nigeria is an entrepreneurial economy with an estimated thirty seven million Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) in the country, and their contribution to economic growth and job creation is significant. There are also a large number of self-employed entrepreneurs who support themselves and their families by supplying goods and services to the economy. Many of these businesses have the potential to become bigger and more prosperous, but their growth is restricted for a variety of reasons. Access to finance has been singled out as a crucial prerequisite to the growth of these businesses. This report identified collateral as the missing link between the small-scale business sector and the financial institutions that could provide the necessary capital for them to grow. This means formal lending is virtually inaccessible for these small businesses and entrepreneurs, who instead rely on informal, unregulated, and unpredictable credit in order to expand their operations. To improve access to finance and promote inclusive economic growth, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), in partnership with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group and the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets, has established the National Collateral Registry and is supporting the development of a modern credit reporting system in Nigeria. This new financial infrastructure will allow for increased use of moveable and reputational collateral to make it possible for more MSMEs to access financing through the formal sector
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: The Independent Evaluation Group's (IEG) Results and Performance of the World Bank Group (RAP) is a comprehensive assessment of World Bank Group performance, drawing on recent IEG evaluations. This year's report emphasizes the theme of managing for development results (M4R). The World Bank Group has a long history of Managing for Results and has made good progress on creating a structure and process for results measurement. It has also launched reforms and several initiatives throughout the years to enhance evidence-based management and learning. IEG evidence shows progress but also indicates that strengthening the foundations of results measurement and instilling a culture of evidence-based adaptive management and learning needs a stronger, more systematic, and holistic push. This report reviews the World Bank Group's status regarding M4R and summarizes the organization's approach to and degree of success with integrating M4R'skey principles-measurement of outcomes and use of evidence for adaptive management and learning-to drive results. The report draws on cumulative evidence from the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG)evaluations and learning products to highlight the World Bank Group progress and scope for improvement. The report also explores the World Bank Group's engagement on developing client M4R capacity
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Independent Evaluation Group Studies
    Abstract: Community-driven development (CDD) interventions rest on the principle of empowering communities. Yet, the gender-specific impacts of CDD, especially on empowerment, have not received due attention in evaluation and, more generally, in the theoretical and empirical literature. This report explores evidence of how the CDD approach can create and enhance participation and decision making when women, as well as men, are to be included in the "community" voice and choice. It reviews the theoretical and empirical literature and analyzes World Bank-supported CDD projects. Its intent is to help practitioners who implement CDD interventions more explicitly define, discuss, and integrate gender-relevant elements in the design of CDD projects; be more effective in implementing and monitoring features that may affect men and women differently; and identify meaningful indicators and information to assess gender impacts. Findings of this report include: i) it is important to bring it out empowerment explicitly in the results chain of the project; ii) the design of CDD projects could benefit from being informed by gender-specific needs assessments to identify the constraints that women face in the rural space; iii) It is useful to think of empowerment along the three categories of economic, political, and social empowerment to identify the mechanisms CDD interventions can leverage, and to identify direct and indirect effects; iv) the importance of defining in CDD projects which dimensions can be affected, through which channels, and how these effects can be measured; v) participation needs to be measured in a comprehensive way by the use of multiple indicators; vi) CDD interventions should better frame what they can impact both in the short and the long term, and vii) the learning potential of what works to increase women's empowerment can be improved through more systematic assessment, reporting and evaluation
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Abstract: Rapid urbanization in emerging markets has created new challenges for economic development and poverty reduction. The need for more buildings, transport and other infrastructure has boosted demand for construction materials and especially cement, making it the centerpiece of the urban development agenda. In Sub-Saharan Africa, consumption of cement is expected to continue to grow over the coming decade. To meet this demand, over a dozen new kilns were launched in Africa in recent years. At the same time, increasing output poses challenges for cement producers, who invest significantly in sourcing energy and fuel, primarily coal or natural gas. An alternative approach is to improve efficiency and implement new technologies, such as waste heat recovery and renewable energy - and utilize alternative fuels, which are already used by major players in the cement sector globally. In IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, we have an investment portfolio in cement and construction materials of over USD 4.2 billion, and vast global experience in developing innovative solutions and leveraging best practices. For instance, we identify waste heat recovery opportunities as well as international best practices in the use of alternative fuels at cement plants. This report summarizes the outcomes of the assessment of alternative fuel opportunities in the country, with a focus on sourcing energy from municipal, commercial and similar waste, tires, sewage sludge and agricultural residue. It outlines the total potential as well as possible project models, involving linkages between the cement and waste management sectors. IFC has also assessed market barriers and offered measures that aim to increase the uptake of the use of alternative fuels
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Abstract: The objective of this research is to provide analysis on the current skills ecosystem in Moldova. This assessment is based on interviews with private sector representatives, training providers and government representatives, and desk research. The report presents its findings on skills demand and skills mismatches, the private sector's human resource management (HRM) practices and workforce development approaches, the education system and workforce training, and possibilities to strengthen future skills-forecasting practices in Moldova. The research is intended to provide ideas for strengthening structured private-sector engagement in skills development activities in the future to ensure the prevalence of demand-led and demand-responsive skills development initiatives. Additional information on the relevant legal framework governing labor and education, sectoral and education committees, and an overview of the education structure in Moldova, is provided in annexes to this report. Six sectors were selected for analysis based on their contribution to the Moldovan GDP (at the stage of the inception report), their shares of employment and exports, the registered number of SMEs, and their potential for growth. This report provides key findings from consultations across these six sectors. Detailed reports for each of the six sectors are available as a separate document. Secondary data and research included open online sources, including the website of the National Bureau of Statistics
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Abstract: This country partnership framework (CPF), prepared jointly by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) presents the World Bank Group's (WBG's) program for Togo during the period FY17 through FY20. The CPF is aligned with the Government of Togo's forthcoming national development plan (PND) for 2018-2022, which focuses on forging a solid, stable democratic nation with strong, sustainable, inclusive growth; equitable access to good-quality social services; and respect for the environment. The overarching objective of the CPF is to help pave the way to more inclusive and sustainable growth in Togo, led both by a more dynamic private sector and more effective government policies, public investments, and services. The WBG's strategy under the CPF emphasizes strengthening governance, including strengthening institutions and accountability, as a cross cutting theme integrated in three focus areas: (i) private sector performance and job creation; (ii) inclusive public service delivery; and (iii) environmental sustainability and resilience. The CPF seeks to take full advantage of the new International Development Association (IDA) 18 architecture and increased support for fragile states to scale up WBG support and promote joint IDA and IFC support. The CPF also seizes on a window of opportunity to support the government's ambitious efforts to stabilize the macroeconomic framework and mitigate fiscal risks, a prerequisite for sustainable growth
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Biomass resources are found almost everywhere and can become a reliable and renewable local energy source to replace fossil fuels. Energy produced from biomass can reduce reliance on an overloaded electricity grid and can replace expensive fuels used in local industries. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) presents this guide as a practical tool to help developers of and investors in biomass projects assess the technical and financial feasibility of the different biomass-to-energy options available to their businesses and industries. This guide describes all the necessary steps in the development of a biomass-to-energy project. Following this introductory chapter, the authors present an overview of the entire project development process, so that project developers have an idea of the overall process they are about to enter. Next, the guide describes biomass resources and how to secure biomass supply. This is followed by several in-depth chapters covering the technology aspects, plant design, plant procurement, construction, and operation. After the more technical aspects, the guide focus on framework conditions, investment costs, financial and economic analysis, and securing financing. Finally, the guide presents potential environmental and social considerations and concludes with a chapter on the lessons learned from implemented biomass-to-energy projects
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The quest for an alternative development model that underlies Moldova's National Development Strategy (NDS), Moldova 2020, is a recognition that the two main drivers of economic growth and poverty reduction since the early 2000s are no longer sustainable. Growth was powered largely by consumption, and poverty reduction mainly by remittances and pensions. Since neither are expected to continue, future growth and poverty reduction will need to be driven increasingly by private sector-led job creation. Moreover, given the country's vulnerability to changes in external demand and weather shocks, due to its small size, open economy, and reliance on agriculture, Moldova's future development path will also need to include measures to renew and protect its human, physical, and social capital stock. Against this background, the main purpose of the FY18-21 Country Partnership Framework (CPF) is to support Moldova's transition towards a new, more sustainable and inclusive development and growth model. It is grounded in the NDS, takes into account outcomes of the FY14-17 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), and incorporates the three topmost priorities of the recent Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), namely: (a) strengthening the rule of law and accountability in economic institutions; (b) improving inclusive access to and the efficiency and quality of public services; and (c) enhancing the quality and relevance of education and training for job-relevant skills. These three priorities define and inform the CPF's three focus areas: economic governance, service governance, and skills development, which are supplemented by climate change, a World Bank Group corporate priority, as a cross-cutting theme. The CPF incorporates key lessons learned during the last CPS, that political instability and governance challenges slow the pace of reform and that frequent personnel changes affect portfolio performance. Further, it assumes that the economic, political, and social stability experienced since January 2016 will continue at least until parliamentary elections in November 2018. Given that Moldova's post-election political orientation, policy environment, and stability are uncertain, only the first half of the CPF (FY18-19) is programmed. Activities for the second half (FY20-21) will be defined during the FY19 Performance and Learning Review (PLR)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Partnership Frameworks
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) sets out the World Bank Group's (WBG) strategy in Madagascar for the period of FY17-FY21. As the country has emerged from a political crisis, the CPF supports the Government's goal of generating a higher, inclusive and sustainable growth path to reduce poverty, as presented in its 2015-2019 National Development Plan (NDP). The expanded resources and the larger range of instruments available under IDA18 enable the WBG to support the Government in putting the country on a higher development trajectory, by investing at scale in a few areas that could unlock Madagascar's development. Success in achieving ambitious goals, such as doubling the rate of electricity access, will hinge on the authorities' ability to sustain reforms while addressing some of the causes of the country's cyclical instability. The program proposed under this CPF seeks to increase the resilience of the most vulnerable people and to promote inclusive growth, while strengthening national and local institutions so as to reduce fragility. Risks to achieving those objectives continue to be substantial and will require the WBG to adopt a flexible approach. First, the nascent rebound in economic growth has not yet been felt by a large majority of the population. The depth of poverty is also such that extreme climate events could quickly reverse the small gains achieved since 2014 and fuel social tensions. Second, presidential elections are expected to take place in late 2018. They could generate a slowdown in the adoption of reforms and lead to a rise in political tensions. Recent crises have occurred around elections and thus the possibility of another crisis cannot be excluded. Finally, it remains to be seen if the Government will be able to address the roots of the country's fragility and change the bargain between the elites and the rest of the population, including by creating a more level playing field for the private sector. These risks will require the WBG to monitor closely the country context and be ready to adapt its approach throughout the CPF period
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Solomon Islands is a small, remote archipelago in the South Pacific that faces a fairly unique set of development challenges. Solomon Islands is now at a critical juncture in its development trajectory. Neither the economic geography nor the present political economy of Solomon Islands is particularly conducive to the establishment of state institutions capable of managing upcoming socioeconomic change. Because of the weaknesses of state institutions, and consistent with Solom on Islands' historical experience, a variety of non-state and international actors will need to play important roles in managing upcoming and potentially risky socioeconomic change. This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Solomon Islands identifies key challenges and opportunities for achieving inclusive and sustainable growth, to accelerate progress toward the World Bank Group's twin goals of reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Three key characteristics help shed light on Chile's development performance. First, strong institutions and sound macroeconomic policies have contributed to long-term economic growth. Second, market-oriented policies have boosted growth through productivity-enhancing reforms and helped improve the design of public services and social policy. Third, as the world's biggest copper producer and exporter, Chile is characterized by commodity dependence. These characteristics have helped the government achieve an average annual growth rate of almost 5 percent over the last 30 years, while reducing the poverty rate to less than 8 percent. Chile's middle class is one of the largest in Latin America; yet, inequality remains substantial. Economic development has led to a steep increase in life expectancy and a decline in fertility rates. Indeed, though relatively less than other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Chile is advanced in the demographic transition, which pose important challenges to economic growth and labor productivity
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This Good Practice Handbook on the Use of Security Forces: Assessing and Managing Risks and Impacts has been developed for IFC clients and other private sector companies and their consultants. The handbook provides practical, project-level guidance for companies to better understand and implement the requirements outlined in Performance Standard 4. Chapters focus on risk assessment, managing private security, managing the relationship with public security, preparing a security management plan, and assessing allegations or incidents related to security personnel. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
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