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  • 2020-2024  (9)
  • 1955-1959
  • Nguyen, Ha Thi Hong  (5)
  • Markhof, Yannick  (4)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (9)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Cham : Imprint: Springer
  • Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore
  • Health, Nutrition and Population  (9)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
  • 2020-2024  (9)
  • 1955-1959
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (9)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Cham : Imprint: Springer
  • Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The State of Noncommunicable Diseases in Kosovo (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Alcohol and Substance Abuse ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Economic Burden ; Health Burden ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; NCDS ; Policies and Regulations ; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ; Tobacco and Alcohol ; Tobacco Use and Control
    Abstract: This report, which aims to raise awareness, identify gaps, and inform policies, is the first comprehensive report on NCDs in Kosovo. Unlike available studies, the present work explores multiple aspects of NCDs, including their burden on health outcomes, risk factors, management, economic burden, and policies introduced to protect the population from these conditions. The report's findings are based on data from existing literature, official documents such as laws, regulations, and protocols, secondary data analysis, and interviews with key informants. The report presents comparisons with available data from the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina [BiH], Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia), aspirational (former socialist, small European Union member states such as Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovenia) and structural peers (Albania, Armenia, Moldova, North Macedonia, and Kyrgyz) to contextualize the findings. The report concludes by providing recommendations to reduce the burden of NCDs in Kosovo to protect the human capital of current and future generations
    DOI: 10.1596/39935
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serbia - Toward a More Effective, Efficient, Equitable and Resilient Health System (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Environmental Analysis
    Keywords: Coverage ; Equitable ; Financing ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health System ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Resilient
    Abstract: The health system in Serbia faces significant challenges arising from a long-term demographic trend and the recent shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Serbia's population is aging at a rapid pace, and the share of the population aged 65 and above almost doubled -from 9.6 percent to 18.7 percent-between 1990 and 2019. This, coupled with high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as smoking, heavy drinking, and high consumption of fatty and sugary diet, has contributed to a rapidly rising burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Addressing NCDs exerts significant financial pressure on the health system that has been further squeezed after more than two years of dealing with COVID-19. This is all happening in a context where the economic contraction that began in 2020 after the advent of COVID-19 pandemic and compounded with the war in Ukraine has adversely affected the country's capacity to pay for health. The health system also has a challenge to meet population expectations, which have become more demanding after decades of strong economic growth
    DOI: 10.1596/39501
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Vaccination Campaigns Misinformed? : Experimental Evidence from COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Markhof, Yannick Are Vaccination Campaigns Misinformed?: Experimental Evidence from COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; COVID Vaccination Promotion ; COVID Vaccine Survey ; COVID-19 Pandemic ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizaiton ; Immunization Administrative Data Discrepancy ; Public Health Policy ; Public Health Promotion
    Abstract: Routine immunization coverage estimated in surveys often substantially differs from figures reported in administrative records, presenting a dilemma for researchers and policy makers. Using high-frequency phone surveys and administrative records from government sources in 36 low- and middle-income countries, this paper shows that such misalignment has also been common in the case of COVID-19. Across the sample, survey estimates exceed administrative figures by 47 percent on average, at times suggesting markedly different policy conclusions depending on the data source consulted. This pattern is particularly stark and consistent in Sub-Saharan Africa. To investigate the sources of this discrepancy, the paper presents results from six methodological experiments that vary survey design choices and documents their effect on estimated COVID-19 vaccine coverage. The results show that design choices matter, in particular the selection of respondents to be interviewed. However, phone survey estimates prove remarkably robust to several commonly claimed biases. After accounting for observed errors of representation and measurement in the survey data, there remains a nonnegligible, unexplained residual gap with administrative records. The paper provides indicative evidence of flaws and weaknesses in administrative data recording and reporting that affect reported vaccination rates and could contribute to this gap. The findings matter for past research on COVID-19 vaccination, future immunization efforts, and the design of robust data production systems on health topics
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10443
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advancing Health Financing Reforms Toward Universal Health Coverage in Kosovo (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2109
    Keywords: Gender and Economics ; Gender and Education ; Gender and Health ; Gender and Law ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Financing ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Social Programs ; Social Protections and Labor ; UHC ; Universal Health Coverage
    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to facilitate common understanding of the health financing situation in Kosovo, to serve as a basis for reaching a consensus on the way forward. The issue is motivated by a basic framework of health financing functions and how they contribute to UHC goals. Global good practices and examples from peer countries are presented in the Annex to providecomparisons with the situation in Kosovo. The paper describes the status of health financing and its implications for UHC. A long-term vision for health financing is presented and recommendations for possible short and medium term (3-5 years) policy priorities are provided based on the current situation and desirable trajectory. The exclusive focus on health financing is deliberate although otherimportant health system functions, such as service delivery and governance, will need to move in parallel for health financing reforms to achieve their intended outcomes
    DOI: 10.1596/40459
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Evolution of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence from Panel Survey Data (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wollburg, Philip The Evolution of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel Survey Data
    Keywords: Access To Health Service ; Attitudes Toward Medicine ; COVID-19 Vaccine ; Health Service Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations ; Psychology ; Public Health Promotion ; Social Development ; Vaccination ; Vaccine Hesitancy
    Abstract: COVID-19 vaccination rates in Sub-Saharan Africa lag behind other world regions, with just over 20 percent of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa fully vaccinated. To reach widespread coverage, high willingness to get vaccinated for COVID-19 among the population is considered an important prerequisite. Drawing on two years of panel survey data, this paper studies the dynamics of vaccine acceptance, its correlates, and reasons for hesitancy over time. The data come from multiple rounds of national High-Frequency Phone Surveys in five countries in East and West Africa (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda), covering the period between 2020 and 2022. The surveys are cross-country comparable and draw their samples from nationally representative sampling frames. The paper finds that COVID-19 vaccine acceptance has been high throughout the study period (68 to 98 percent). However, acceptance levels were lower in 2022 than in 2020 in three countries (Burkina Faso, Malawi, and Nigeria) and higher in one country (Uganda). Moreover, individuals are observed to change their stated vaccine attitudes between survey rounds, to a limited extent in some countries (Ethiopia) and more frequently in others (Burkina Faso, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda). Vaccine hesitancy is higher in richer households and among those residing in urban areas, women, and the better educated. Conversely, hesitancy is lower in larger households and among heads of the household. The main reasons for hesitancy are concerns about side effects of the vaccine, its safety and efficacy, as well as assessments of COVID-19 risk, although these reasons fluctuate over time. The findings suggest that vaccine hesitancy is not the primary obstacle to reaching greater vaccine coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa. Instead, low coverage rates may be related to access and delivery barriers as well as supply shortages. Nevertheless, vaccine attitudes appear malleable so that continued efforts are needed to retain high levels of vaccine acceptance
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10275
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protecting Human Capital Through Shocks and Crises : How lessons learned from the COVID-19 response across Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus can be used to build better and more resilient human development systems (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; ECA ; Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Health and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Resilience ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Risk and uncertainty are on the rise, and countries across Europe and Central Asia (ECA) are not immune from it. The region is being hit by crises, conflicts, and continued uncertainty that are negatively affecting people's livelihoods in the short term and prosperity in the long term. Then COVID-19 hit, inflicting massive harm on people's wellbeing, livelihoods, and human capital. Lockdowns prevented people from working, school closures prevented students from learning, and overwhelmed hospitals had to defer important treatments. This report explores how to strengthen the resilience of health, education, and social protection systems to better protect people's human capital from the long-term effects of recurrent shocks and crises
    DOI: 10.1596/39716
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Turning COVID-19 Vaccines into Vaccinations : New Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wollburg, Philip Turning COVID-19 Vaccines into Vaccinations: New Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
    Keywords: Access To Vaccine ; COVID-19 ; Immunizations ; Intrahousehold Power Relations ; Public Health Promotion ; Vaccination ; Vaccine Acceptance ; Vaccine Hesitancy ; Health, Nutrition and Population
    Abstract: As COVID-19 vaccines have become more widely available in Sub-Saharan Africa, vaccination campaigns in the region have struggled to pick up pace and trail the rest of the world. This paper presents new evidence on vaccine hesitancy, uptake, last-mile delivery barriers, and potential strategies to reach those who remain unvaccinated. The data come from high-frequency phone surveys in five countries in East and West Africa (Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania). The surveys were conducted by countries' national statistical agencies, have national scope, are cross-country comparable, and draw their samples from nationally representative sampling frames. The findings show that across the study countries, a majority is willing to get vaccinated. Still, vaccine hesitancy is non-negligible among those pending vaccination. Concerns about side effects of the vaccine are the primary reason for hesitancy. At the same time, many who are willing to get vaccinated are deterred by a lack of easy access to vaccines at the local level. Radio broadcasts have widespread reach and medical professionals have good rapport among the unvaccinated population. Furthermore, social ties and perceptions as well as intrahousehold power relations matter for vaccine take-up. Based on the findings, the paper elaborates policy options to boost vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10152
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Marginalized Populations in Kosovo : Insight from a Qualitative Study (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Keywords: Health, Nutrition and Population ; Immunizations
    Abstract: Kosovo has fully vaccinated 45.5 percent of the population, below what is needed to slow the spread of COVID-19. The Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptian communities, as marginalized ethnic groups, have been identified as high risk for acquiring COVID-19 and for lower acceptance of vaccines. Factors associated with vaccine acceptance are examined in this qualitative study among Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptian community members and representatives from civil society, community leaders, health care providers, and government working directly within these communities. Using a social-ecological model, intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and structural factors influencing vaccine acceptance were identified. Intrapersonal-level factors centered on fear of side effects and doubt about vaccine safety and effectiveness, and lack of trust of health care providers; at the interpersonal level, male head of households decided for the entire family whether to receive the vaccine; in the social context at the community level, exposure to prolific misinformation on social media, television news, and paper pamphlets distributed in study communities created fear, doubt, and anxiety about vaccines, and stereotypes about the strong immune systems of ethnic minority groups reinforced beliefs about the communities low susceptibility to COVID-19; and structural-level barriers included the requirement for identification documents, and a buildup of doubt about motivations of the vaccinators created by massive vaccine-promotion efforts and police harassment in implementing curfew, and other protective measures targeting ethnic minority communities. Implications of these findings highlight a need for a segmented approach in designing subgroup-specific and multicomponent interventions to promote vaccine acceptance. Strategies include training local opinion leaders in door-to-door awareness raising, directly addressing misinformation, and distributing vouchers to be exchanged for incentives after vaccination; using social media where respected health care providers and community members post videos promoting vaccination; and removing or providing an alternative to identification requirements
    DOI: 10.1596/38303
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines in Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence from Six National Phone Surveys (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Kanyanda, Shelton Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Six National Phone Surveys
    Keywords: COVID-19 Vaccination ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Survey ; Immunizations ; Public Health ; Public Health Promotion
    Abstract: Recent debates surrounding the lagging COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in low-income countries center around vaccine supply and financing. Yet, relatively little is known about attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines in these countries and in Africa in particular. This paper provides cross-country comparable estimates of the willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine in six Sub-Saharan African countries. It uses data from six national high-frequency phone surveys in countries representing 38 percent of the Sub-Saharan African population (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, and Uganda). Samples were drawn from large, nationally representative sampling frames providing a rich set of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics which are used to disaggregate the analysis. The findings show acceptance rates to be generally high, with at least four in five people willing to be vaccinated in all but one country. Vaccine acceptance ranges from nearly universal in Ethiopia (97.9 percent) to below what would likely be required for herd immunity in Mali (64.5 percent). Safety concerns about the vaccine in general and its side effects emerge as the primary reservations toward a COVID-19 vaccine across countries. These findings suggest that limited supply, not inadequate demand, likely presents the key bottleneck to reaching high COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9739
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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