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  • 2005-2009  (2,055)
  • OECD  (1,691)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (859)
  • International Transport Forum
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,055)
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264064126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.82
    RVK:
    Keywords: OECD ; Prognose 2008-2030 ; Gesellschaft ; Migration ; Internationale Migration ; Pays de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques - Émigration et immigration - Aspect social ; Pays de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques - Émigration et immigration - Aspect économique ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Social aspects ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Prognose 2008-2030
    Abstract: This book explores the social, economic and environmental forces that may combine to attract migrants of various types and backgrounds to OECD countries, as well as those that may persuade migrants to leave their countries or to stay at home. By analyzing different pull and push factors and constructing five different scenarios of migration in the future, this volume casts light on major determinants of global migration flows, which OECD countries will look particularly attractive for migrants, where the pressures to migrate be especially strong and what kind of migration-related issues will policy makers likely be facing as 2030 approaches.--Publisher's description.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264039469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Régions et croissance ; Une analyse des tendances
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How regions grow
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Regional differences within OECD countries are often greater than those between countries and much inequality remains. This report explores what generates growth at the regional level. Based on in-depth econometric modelling and analyses, this report reframes the debate on regional policy and development, emphasising that opportunities for growth exist in all regions.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264055902
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The State of the Public Service
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance
    Abstract: Au cours des 20 dernières années, la gestion de l’emploi public a évolué de façon spectaculaire dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Premièrement, les gouvernements se sont efforcés de réduire sa taille afin de diminuer les coûts de la production de services publics, soit directement, soit indirectement en sous-traitant la prestation de services au secteur privé dans la recherche d’une plus grande efficacité. Deuxièmement, dans nombre de cas, les gouvernements ont tenté d’appliquer les bons principes de gestion à la gestion de la fonction publique. C’est ainsi que l’emploi public dans nombre de secteurs de l’administration a perdu son caractère unique et est devenu assez semblable au système d’emploi général des différents pays. Cette publication dresse un bilan des principaux changements intervenus dans la gestion de l’emploi public dans les pays de l’OCDE. Elle examine également la manière dont les pays trouvent un équilibre entre, d’une part, le soutien des valeurs fondamentales comme l’équité, la justice et la cohésion sociale, de façon à préserver la confiance politique dans l’ensemble de l’appareil gouvernemental et, de l’autre, l’attention à l’efficience, à la productivité et à l’efficacité.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Inde 2009
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als India
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Indien ; Finance and Investment ; India ; Bericht ; Indien ; Auslandsinvestition
    Abstract: This review of India's investment policy finds that India has made tremendous progress in building a policy environment to encourage investment. As a result, the country’s economy is growing more rapidly and FDI inflows have accelerated impressively. However, investment remains insufficient to meet India’s needs, particularly in infrastructure. Current efforts to strengthen and liberalise the regulatory framework for investment need to be intensified. India’s well-developed economic legislation should be implemented at an accelerated pace both at national level and right across India’s States and Union Territories. OECD Investment Policy Reviews: India charts India's progress in developing an effective policy framework to promote investment for development, especially since the acceleration of economic reform from 1991 onward. It focuses on policies towards investment, trade, competition and other elements of the business environment. Finally, it outlines some of the challenges of implementing national-level reforms at state level.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073357
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strengthening Regional Fisheries Management Organisations
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: L’élaboration et l’entrée en vigueur de l’Accord des Nations Unies sur les stocks chevauchants en 1995 marquait la volonté de la communauté internationale de renforcer les organisations régionales de gestion des pêches, établies pour assurer la gestion des ressources hauturières partagées. Cette étude dresse le bilan des changements introduits dans ces organisations et met en évidence le processus progressif d’amélioration qui a débouché sur de véritables succès. Quoiqu’il n’existe pas de recette unique pour mener à bien ce processus, l’étude souligne qu’il est essentiel de veiller à la présence de certains éléments fondamentaux permettant de créer et de maintenir la dynamique économique et politique indispensable au changement. La modification des incitations économiques sous-jacentes pourrait contribuer au rapprochement des intérêts des pays membres, propice à la formation de coalitions en faveur de la réforme. Cette étude s’appuie sur les informations contenues dans les études de plusieurs ORGP et plus particulièrement de la Commission pour la conservation du thon rouge du sud, de la Commission internationale pour la conservation des thonidés de l'Atlantique, de l’Organisation des pêches de l’Atlantique nord-ouest et de la Commission des pêches de l'Atlantique nord-est.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264076860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; Baltic States ; Malta
    Abstract: This book provides an internationally comparable set of indicators on the educational provision for students with disabilities, learning difficulties and disadvantages (SENDDD). It covers the number of students concerned, their learning environment (special schools, special classes and regular classes) and level of education (pre-primary, compulsory and upper secondary education). It also discusses policy implications vis-à-vis special education needs and offers an analysis of the participation and performance of students with special education needs in the 2006 round of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264046245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Despite the best of intentions, donors can inadvertently undermine statebuilding processes. When the resources they deliver or the reforms they advocate weaken rather than strengthen the state’s decision- and policy-making functions, their efforts can do more harm than good. Donors can also do harm by creating a brain drain away from state organisations – for instance, by hiring the most qualified civil servants. When aid is delivered in a way that actually acts as a disincentive to states to consolidate their own revenue base, this can retard the development of the state’s own capacity. How can donors ensure they do no harm? How can they be sure they intervene constructively in fragile situations? Do No Harm provides practical guidance based on the results of research undertaken on behalf of the OECD DAC International Network on Conflict and Fragility (INCAF). The book is based on comparative case studies of six countries (Afghanistan, Bolivia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Nepal, Rwanda and Sierra Leone) and a comprehensive literature review. It addresses how the interventions of OECD countries may risk undermining positive statebuilding processes, and makes recommendations as to how this may be avoided in the future. Do No Harm is an important source to guide external engagement in situations of fragility and conflict, both at the policy and the field level.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056909
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Bioeconomy to 2030; Designing a Policy Agenda
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Les sciences biologiques apportent une valeur ajoutée à de très nombreux biens et services qui sont génériquement réunis sous le terme de « bioéconomie » et les progrès dans ce domaine peuvent aboutir à des avancées socioéconomiques majeures, dans les pays de l’OCDE. En utilisant des analyses quantitatives des données concernant les innovations en cours et les dépenses de recherche et développement tirées des bases de données privées et publiques, elle estime les évolutions futures dans le domaine des biotechnologies d’ici 2015. Adoptant un point de vue institutionnel plus large, elle examine également les rôles joués par le financement de la recherche et du développement, les ressources humaines, la propriété intellectuelle et la réglementation de la bioéconomie, ainsi que les évolutions futures qui seraient susceptibles d’influer sur les nouveaux modèles économiques. Des scénarios fictifs à l’horizon 2030 sont pris en compte pour encourager les lecteurs à réfléchir sur l’interaction entre les choix de politique économique et les avancées technologiques dans la mise en place de la bioéconomie. Enfin, l’ouvrage étudie les différentes options de politique économique permettant de tirer parti des avantages sociaux, environnementaux et économiques de la bioéconomie.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264074255
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Achieving Better Value for Money in Health Care
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La hausse des dépenses publiques de santé reste un problème dans pratiquement tous les pays de l’OCDE et de l’Union européenne. C’est pourquoi l’attention se porte de plus en plus sur les mesures qui atténueront ces pressions en améliorant la performance des systèmes de santé. Ce rapport présente un ensemble de politiques pouvant aider les pays à améliorer l’efficience des systèmes de santé et ainsi à obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix dans les soins. Un large éventail d’instruments d’action sont examinés en tirant parti de données et d’études de cas portant sur de nombreux pays. Les thèmes suivants sont traités : le rôle de la concurrence sur les marchés de la santé ; les possibilités d’amélioration de la coordination des soins ; une tarification plus adaptée des produits pharmaceutiques ; un contrôle plus poussé de la qualité s’appuyant sur une utilisation plus intensive des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour les soins ; un plus large partage des coûts.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264050167
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biofuel Support Policies; An Economic Assessment
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Les gouvernements de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, mais aussi de plusieurs pays non membres, s’emploient activement à promouvoir la production et la consommation de nouveaux carburants de transport issus de produits agricoles. Le rapport conclut qu’il existe d’autres solutions que les politiques actuelles de soutien des biocarburants qui permettraient aux gouvernements de réaliser plus efficacement leurs objectifs.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This book analyses systemic innovation in education by looking at the ways in which educational systems encourage innovation, the knowledge base and processes used, and the procedures and criteria used to assess progress and evaluate outcomes. It draws on findings from 14 case studies in Vocational Education and Training in six OECD countries: Australia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Mexico and Switzerland. The resulting analysis helps us understand how we can support and sustain innovation in educational systems in the VET sector.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Doing better for children
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurer le bien-être des enfants
    DDC: 305.23091722
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kinder ; OECD-Staaten ; Electronic books ; Graue Literatur ; Electronic books ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Kind
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur à l'horizon 2030 -- Volume 2 ; Mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Higher education to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Globalisation
    DDC: 378.00112
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; Forschungskooperation ; Hochschulpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; OECD
    Abstract: Growing flows of knowledge, people and financing cross national borders and feed both worldwide collaboration and competition. These effects of globalisation increasingly impact higher education. How then might the future higher education scene look at the global level? What are the challenges and opportunities brought by globalisation? How can countries and institutions best cope with and benefit from future changes? Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, this book provides a comprehensive and structured look at these essential questions. It explores the topic of cross-border higher education in terms of student, faculty and institutional mobility, providing a specific focus on academic research. Other issues addressed include higher education provision, financing, governance and quality assurance, with an emphasis on the use of market-like mechanisms. The book covers most OECD countries as well as many non-OECD countries and offers the reader specific reflections on China, India and European co-operation.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264048874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Public Engagement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Focus on citizens
    DDC: 323.042
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bürgerbeteiligung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Bürgerbeteiligung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Complex policy issues cannot be solved by government alone. Delivering high-quality public services at the least cost and achieving shared public policy goals requires innovative approaches and greater involvement of citizens. This book is a valuable source of information on government performance in fostering open and inclusive policy making in 25 countries. It offers rich insights into current practice through 14 in-depth country case studies and 18 opinion pieces from leading civil society and government practitioners. It includes 10 guiding principles to support open and inclusive policy making and service delivery in practice. “Including more people, earlier and more creatively, in public policy issues is vital not just to secure legitimacy for policy decisions, but also to unlock a mass of creativity and commitment. Innovation is increasingly going to become an open, social and networked activity. That is true in politics and policy as much as in business. This timely, thoughtful book will help make open innovation in public policy a practical reality.” -Charles Leadbeater, author We-think: Mass innovation not mass production “We cannot engage the public only on issues of service delivery, but need also to seek their views, energy and resources when shaping public policy. To do otherwise is to create a false distinction between design and delivery, when in the citizens’ eyes it is all connected.” -Irma Pavliniè Krebs, Minister of Public Administration, the Republic of Slovenia “Focus on Citizens shines a light on the practical difficulties and significant benefits of open and inclusive policy making – not only for OECD member country governments but equally for non-member countries.” -Bart W. Édes, Head, NGO and Civil Society Center, Asian Development Bank
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044722
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejorar el liderazgo escolar, Volumen 1 : política y práctica
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version): Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Schulverwaltung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Avant-propos""; ""Table des mati�res""; ""Résumé""; ""Chapitre 1 L�importance de la direction dans les établissements scolaires""; ""Chapitre 2 ( Re) définir les responsabilités de direction des établissements scolaires""; ""Chapitre 3 La répartition des fonctions de direction dans les établissements scolaires""; ""Chapitre 4 Développer les compétences pour une direction efficace des établissements scolaires""; ""Chapitre 5 Faire de la direction des établissements scolaires un choix professionnel attrayant""; ""À propos des auteurs""
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044401
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Private Pensions Outlook 2008
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Private Altersversorgung ; Pensionskasse
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Avant-propos ""; ""Remerciements ""; ""Table des mati�res ""; ""Dossier spécial : les pensions privées et les turbulences observées en 2008 sur les marchés financiers""; ""Graphique S.1. Performances des grandes places boursi�res""; ""Graphique S.2. Rendements nominaux et réels des fonds de pension dans certains pays de l�OCDE, de janvier à octobre 2008""; ""Graphique S.3. Rendement nominal annuel moyen des fonds de pension dans certains pays de l�OCDE, au cours des 5, 10 et 15 derni�res années""; ""Conséquences de la crise financi�re pour l�épargne-retraite""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Réactions aux turbulences sur les marchés financiers""""Vers un nouvel ordre du jour réglementaire""; ""Note""; ""Introduction""; ""Guide du lecteur""; ""Le projet sur les statistiques de pensions de l�OCDE au niveau mondial""; ""La classification de l�OCDE""; ""Graphique R.1. Plans de retraite privés : Perspective fonctionnelle""; ""Graphique R.2. Plans de retraite privés : Perspective institutionnelle""; ""Sources""; ""Couverture statistique""; ""Texte, graphiques et tableaux""; ""Limitations des données""; ""Glossaire""; ""StatLink""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Acronymes, symboles et signes conventionnels """"Chapitre 1. R�le et typologie des syst�mes de pension privés""; ""1.1. Le r�le croissant de la capitalisation et des pensions privées dans le financement des retraites""; ""Tableau 1.1. Typologie des plans de retraite privés dans les pays de l�OCDE""; ""Graphique 1.1. Dépenses publiques et privées au titre des retraites dans certains pays de l�OCDE, 2006""; ""Encadré 1.1. Définitions""; ""Graphique 1.2. Total des actifs détenus par les plans de retraite privés, 2007""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Tableau 1.2. Total des actifs détenus par les plans de retraite privés dans les grands pays de l�OCDE, 2007""""Graphique 1.3. Actifs détenus par les plans de retraite privés et taux de remplacement brut assuré par le syst�me de retraite public, 2007""; ""Graphique 1.4. Actifs de pension privés en pourcentage du PIB en 2007 et différence entre le taux de croissance moyen de ces actifs et le taux de croissance du PIB, dans certains pays de l�OCDE, sur la période 2001-07""; ""Graphique 1.5. Rapport de la population inactive âgée de 65 ans et plus à la population active""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Graphique 1.6. Ratio des fonds de réserve pour les retraites des régimes publics aux dépenses de retraite publiques dans certains pays de l�OCDE, 2006""""1.2. Le r�le des investisseurs institutionnels dans les syst�mes de retraite""; ""Graphique 1.7. Total des actifs sous gestion dans différents types d�entités financi�res, 2007""; ""Graphique 1.8. Part relative et total des actifs selon le type d�investisseur institutionnel, 1995-2007""; ""1.3. Typologie des syst�mes de pension privés dans les pays de l�OCDE""; ""1.3.1. Typologie des supports de financement""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Graphique 1.9. Actifs de pension privés selon le support de financement, 2007""
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789264056978
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Border Bottlenecks; The Costs and Benefits of Trade Facilitation
    Keywords: Trade ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Les échanges internationaux se sont considérablement développés ces dernières années, grâce en partie à la réduction progressive des droits de douane et des contingents tarifaires dans le cadre des cycles successifs de libéralisation multilatérale des échanges. Toutefois, ce développement met en avant une des faiblesses persistantes du commerce international: les obstacles à la frontière que produisent les procédures et formalités commerciales inefficaces, obsolètes et compliquées empêchent les pays de profiter pleinement des avantages de marchés mondiaux ouverts. Les six études rassemblées dans cette publication examinent dans quel mesure des procédures inefficaces à la frontière ont un impact sur les flux des échanges et des investissements, comment les facteurs institutionnels et politiques affectent la conception et la mise en œuvre de mesures visant à améliorer l’efficacité accompagnés de bénéfices escomptés de ces mesures pour justifier les dépenses nécessaires pour les mettre en place et si ces dépenses sont à la portée des pays en voie de développement et des pays les moins avancés, étant donné leurs autres priorités de développement.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264073371
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lobbying, pouvoirs publics et confiance, Volume 1 ; Quel cadre législatif pour plus de transparence ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lobbyists, governments and public trust ; Vol. 1: Increasing transparency through legislation
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Lobbying can improve policy making by providing valuable insights and data, but it can also result in unfair advantages for vested interests if the process is opaque and standards are lax. Lobbying is resource intensive. The financial services sector in the United States spent USD 3.4 billion lobbying the federal government between 1998 and 2008, principally promoting the deregulation of the financial sector. Legions of lobbyists provide “guns for hire” worldwide. In 2008, there were over 5 000 registered lobbyists in Canada at the national level, while the European Commission in Brussels had over 2 000 registered as of August 2009. This report reviews the experiences of Australia, Canada, Hungary, Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States with government regulations designed to increase scrutiny for lobbying and lobbyists. Current approaches, models, trends and state-of-the-art solutions are examined to support a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of existing norms. The report also presents building blocks for developing a framework for lobbying that meets public expectations for transparency, accountability and integrity
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264066649
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Designing local skills strategies
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Qualifikation ; Humankapital ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Electronic books ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Ungelernter Arbeiter ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Angelernter Arbeiter ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Berufliche Fortbildung
    Abstract: Higher-level skills are increasingly demanded by the knowledge-based economy. But with rising mobility and demographic change, it is no longer so simple to invest in a skilled workforce for the future. Actions are needed on a variety of fronts, including attracting and retaining talent, better integrating disadvantaged groups into the labour force, and upgrading the skills of low-paid workers. Much of the responsibility for these actions falls squarely on the shoulders of local policy makers. Drawing from a wide array of case studies, this book analyses best-practice local strategies for increasing workforce skills. And it also takes a close look at the opportunities and challenges presented by international migration. The in-depth case studies in this report range from Shanghai’s “Highland of Talent Strategy” to new “career ladders” which help immigrants escape low-skilled, low-paid employment in New York. National and local-level recommendations on local skills development are provided, for both OECD and non-OECD countries.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264056183
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Pour une meilleure aide au développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing Development Resources; The Use of Country Systems in Public Financial Management
    Keywords: Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: La réussite du processus de développement dépend pour beaucoup de l’efficience, de l’intégrité et de l’efficacité avec lesquelles l’État collecte, gère et dépense les deniers publics. L’amélioration des règles et institutions qui encadrent ces activités devrait donc être une composante essentielle de toute démarche en faveur du développement. La consolidation de la gestion des finances publiques, et de la bonne gouvernance de façon plus générale, étant au cœur des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, la Déclaration de Paris (adoptée en 2005) vise à encourager les donneurs et les pays partenaires à déployer des efforts conjoints pour renforcer leurs systèmes de gestion des finances publiques. Ce rapport a pour objet de faire le point sur les progrès accomplis concernant la consolidation de la gestion des finances publiques et de formuler des recommandations sur la voie à suivre pour atteindre les objectifs 2010 fixés dans la Déclaration de Paris. Il examine les avantages et le bien-fondé de l’utilisation des systèmes nationaux, evalue les progrès réalisés en direction des objectifs énoncés dans la Déclaration de Paris, passe en en revue toute la palette de réformes intéressant la gestion des finances publiques engagées dans les pays partenaires, étudie les facteurs de réussite des réformes entreprises dans le domaine de la gestion des finances publiques, examine les paramètres qui influent sur les décisions qui sont prises d’utiliser, ou non, les systèmes nationaux de gestion des finances publiques, en mettant l’accent sur les risques perçus et sur la manière dont ils sont évalués et gérés, et reprend les conclusions du Programme d’examen des dépenses publiques et d’évaluation de la responsabilité financière (PEFA) qui contient des informations sur la qualité des systèmes nationaux de gestion des finances publiques.Il ressort de cette étude que désormais, et peut-être plus que jamais auparavant, pays partenaires et donneurs doivent absolument s’employer à bâtir une confiance mutuelle et à œuvrer ensemble à la construction de véritables partenariats au service de résultats.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Atlas régional de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional atlas on West Africa
    DDC: 911.66
    RVK:
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Wirtschaftsgeographie ; Humangeographie ; Westafrika ; Development ; Westafrika ; Landeskunde ; Atlas ; Africa, West Economic conditions ; 1960- ; Africa, West Economic integration ; Africa, West Emigration and immigration ; Africa, West Population ; Africa, West Social conditions ; Africa, West Statistics, Vital ; Atlas ; Atlas ; Westafrika ; Landeskunde ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Migration ; Bevölkerung ; Soziale Situation ; Lebensbedingungen ; Statistik ; Atlas
    Abstract: Recent global changes have placed regional integration at the centre of Africa’s political and economic agenda. This Atlas is both a driver and the result of strategic thinking on regional integration in West Africa. Containing maps, statistics and analyses, it describes the West African region, its population, settlement, territories, its economy and its vulnerabilities. It analyses the developments and the ways in which West Africa is conforming to a constantly changing global environment. The Atlas also identifies the medium- and long-term trends and provides elements for strategic thinking on the future.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264063785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Measuring and assessing how much has been done by member countries over the years to follow their underlying principles is not an easy task. Each country is unique in terms of economy, geography, climate, energy resources, etc. Taking into account some of these specificities, the IEA Scoreboard 2009 compares what has been achieved by member countries in diversifying their energy mix, in promoting non-fossil fuels and energy efficiency, in encouraging research and development, and, more generally, in creating a policy framework consistent with their shared policy goals. Since the IEA Scoreboard 2009 is published in conjunction with the 35th anniversary of the IEA, 35 themes, ranging from diversification to prices, show how IEA countries have performed in their efforts to attain energy security, environmental protection and economic growth. This book, which combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability, is an ideal resource for anyone who would like to have a quick overview of energy development in IEA member countries over the last 35 years. The publication also includes selected energy-related statistics for over 140 countries, economies and regions in the world.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060265 , 9789264107137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le commerce international ; Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationaler Handel; Frei, fair und offen?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Love, Patrick International trade
    DDC: 382.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Welt ; Außenhandel ; Handelsvertrag ; Freihandel ; Fairer Handel ; Liberalisierung ; Economics ; Trade ; Erde ; Welthandel
    Abstract: International trade affects the price and availability of practically everything we buy. It also plays a role in many other domains, including jobs, the environment and the fight against poverty. OECD Insights: International Trade argues that prosperity has rarely, if ever, been achieved or sustained without trade. Trade alone, however, is not enough. Policies targeting employment, education, health and other issues are also needed to promote well-being and tackle the challenges of a globalised economy. "The OECD is a major source for insightful analyses of current trade issues. It also plays a role in disseminating skilfully the results of less accessible writings on trade. This short book is a valuable addition to the latter endeavour and should be on the shelf of policy makers." -Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Copenhagen, Denmark
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Ballungsraum ; Kopenhagen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Denmark ; Kopenhagen ; Ballungsraum ; Stadtentwicklung
    Abstract: The Copenhagen metropolitan region accounts for nearly half of Denmark's national output and plays a key role for the country as a whole. Nevertheless, it has witnessed only modest economic growth over the last decade. This review of metropolitan area policy for Copenhagen examines key challenges including modest economic growth, scarcity of skilled workers and barriers to research and development. The report also examines how public institutions affect regional economic growth. Issues considered include: inter-municipal co-operation, local finance, public management, political leadership, and coordination mechanisms between the central government and the region.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264074231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix dans les soins de santé
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Achieving better value for money in health care
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsreform ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: Rising public health care spending remains a problem in virtually all OECD and EU member countries. As a consequence, there is growing interest in policies that will ease this pressure through improved health system performance. This report examines selected policies that may help countries better achieve the goal of improved health system efficiency and thus better value for money. Drawing on multinational data sets and case studies, it examines a range policy instruments. These include: the role of competition in health markets; the scope for improving care coordination; better pharmaceutical pricing policies; greater quality control supported by stronger information and communication technology in health care; and increased cost sharing.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engaging with high net worth individuals on tax compliance
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Steuermoral ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Reichtum ; Individuum ; Steuermoral ; Steuerpolitik
    Abstract: High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) pose significant challenges to tax administrations due to the complexity of their affairs, their revenue contribution, the opportunity for aggressive tax planning, and the impact of their compliance behaviour on the integrity of the tax system. This publication examines in detail this taxpayer segment, describes their usage of aggressive tax planning schemes and proposes prevention, detection and response strategies that tax administrations can use to respond to these challenges. It also addresses aspects of voluntary disclosure initiatives for past non-compliance that may be particularly pertinent in the current environment. The publication outlines a number of innovative approaches to enable governments to better manage the risks involved with marketed tax schemes and tailor-made arrangements. To improve compliance, tax administrations could consider changing the structure of their operations to focus resources effectively, for example, through the creation of a dedicated HNWI unit. Other recommendations include creating the appropriate legal framework, exploring forms of co-operative compliance and engaging more in international co-operation, at both the strategic and operational level.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als United States
    DDC: 331.34
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; USA ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on the United States contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264060654
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions stratégiques et politiques liées à la transition des systèmes nucléaires thermiques aux systèmes rapides
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The renewed interest in nuclear energy triggered by concerns about global climate change and security of supply could lead to substantial growth in nuclear electricity generation and expanded interest in fast neutron reactors with closed fuel cycles. Moving from the current fleet of thermal neutron reactors to fast neutron systems will require many decades and extensive RD&D efforts. This book identifies and analyses key strategic and policy issues raised by such a transition, and provides guidance to decision makers on the best approaches for implementing transition scenarios.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internet access for development
    RVK:
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Internet ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Entwicklungsländer ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Internet ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Kohärenz ; OECD ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The Internet has been remarkably successful in developing greater opportunities for communication access - and economic growth and social development - for the first billion users. The majority of the next several billion users will be mainly from developing countries and will connect to the Internet principally via wireless networks. But there are substantial discrepancies in access to ICTs between developed and developing countries and also within countries, depending on factors such as gender, rural coverage, skills and educational levels. This book examines how the market for internet traffic exchange has evolved and explores the coherence of policies pursued by developed and developing countries. It notes the increasing innovation occurring in a number of developing countries with competitive markets and discusses how liberalisation has helped to expand of access networks and make ICT services increasingly affordable and available to the poor. The report also highlights the employment, micro-entrepreneurial and social development opportunities which have emerged as access levels have risen among low-income users. The study notes that gateway service monopolies - still in 70 countries - raise the prices for accessing international capacity and reduce the affordability of Internet access to business and end users.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282102251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.143
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence entre les ports et les liaisons terrestres avec l'arrière-pays
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table publication discusses the policy and regulatory challenges posed by the rapidly changing port environment. The sector has changed tremendously in recent decades with technological and organisational innovation and a powerful expansion of trade. Although ports serve hinterlands that now run deep into continents, competition among ports is increasingly intense and their bargaining power in the supply chain has consequently weakened. Greater port throughput is meeting with increasing resistance from local communities because of pollution and congestion. In addition, local regulation is warranted but made difficult by the distribution of bargaining power among stakeholders. Higher-level authorities could develop more effective policies.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264067851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Building transparent tax compliance by banks
    RVK:
    Keywords: Steuermoral ; Bank ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; OECD ; Steuerplanung ; Kreditwesen ; Governance ; Steuervermeidung ; Bank ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: This book analyses the role banks play in the provision of aggressive tax planning arrangements. It examines the nature of banking, the complex structured financing transactions developed by banks and how they are then used by both banks and their clients. It also explores the internal governance processes that banks use to manage tax risk and the prevention, detection and response strategies applied by different revenue bodies in responding to the challenges that banks pose. The book makes a number of recommendations for revenue bodies and identifies best practices for consideration by banks.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264077010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Series Statement: ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strategies for business, government and civil society to fight corruption in Asia and the Pacific
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Korruption ; Wirtschaftskriminalität ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Governance ; Konferenzschrift 2008 ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Korruption ; Bekämpfung
    Abstract: Bribery is bad for business, so why do businesses continue to bribe? What roles do business, government, and civil society have in the fight against corruption - and notably in the fight against bribery in business? The 6th Regional Anti-Corruption Conference for Asia and the Pacific gathered experts from countries and jurisdictions of Asia and the Pacific, OECD member countries, leading enterprises and businesses associations, civil society, and development partners to respond to these questions and to share their experiences in fighting bribery in business. The conference, organized by the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific in late November 2008, explored (i) possible drivers and incentives for anti-corruption reform; (ii) the role of criminal law standards and corporate compliance mechanisms; (iii) the risks and countermeasures against private-to-private corruption; (iv) preventing and managing conflicts of interest; (v) international initiatives to counter bribery; (vi) how development partners can become involved in the fight against bribery and corruption. This book presents the proceedings of the conference.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264059818
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prévenir la violence, la guerre et l'effondrement des États ; L'avenir des systèmes d'alerte précoce et de réponse rapide
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The international community today is hardly in a position to avoid another genocide, as witnessed in Rwanda in 1994, despite the significant evolution of early warning systems in recent years. Based on a review of the literature on early warning and response, as well as inputs from surveyed agencies, Preventing Violence, War and State Collapse assesses the value and role of early warning for the prevention of violent conflict and identifies the most effective early warning and response systems. It concludes with a set of recommendations for policy makers in donor and partner countries in influencing future developments in this field.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056510
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Computer viruses and other malicious software
    DDC: 005.8
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Computervirus
    Abstract: Malware attacks are increasing both in frequency and sophistication, thus posing a serious threat to the Internet economy and to national security. This book is a first step toward addressing the threat of malware in a comprehensive, global manner. It informs readers about malware -- its growth, evolution and countermeasures to combat it; presents new research into the economic incentives driving cyber-security decisions; and makes specific suggestions on how the international community can better work together to address the problem.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Italy
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Italien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy ; Italien ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of rural policy in Italy. On average, rural regions in Italy have some of the highest GDP per capita among the OECD countries, yet unexploited potential remains. This analysis of rural Italy reveals heterogeneous economic conditions, an increasing elderly population and a diminished focus on environmental concerns. This suggests the need for a broader rural policy approach that reflects the changing demands upon rural resources and that considers other aspects of rurality including health, education and quality of life.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264079229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des centrales nucléaires
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financing of nuclear power plants
    Keywords: Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; OECD ; Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: Many countries have recognised that greater use of nuclear power could play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, given the high capital cost and complexity of nuclear power plants, financing their construction often remains a challenge. This is especially true where such financing is left to the private sector in the context of competitive electricity markets. This study examines the financial risks involved in investing in a new nuclear power plant, how these can be mitigated, and how projects can be structured so that residual risks are taken by those best able to manage them. Given that expansion of nuclear power programmes will require strong and sustained government support, the study highlights the role of governments in facilitating and encouraging investment in new nuclear generating capacity.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264060487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (362 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This technical report describes the results of the Nuclear Energy Agency's CLAYTRAC project, in which natural tracer data from nine sites was evaluated to assess potential impacts of disposal of radiological waste in geological repositories. It shows scientific information from numerous sites and applies robust analytical methods to improve the understanding of radionuclide migration and evolution of sites for deep geological disposal. These results improve the understanding of sites, and thus the confidence in safety, for geological disposal of radioactive waste.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264077263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Poland
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Polen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland ; Polen ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on Poland contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264065437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stryszowski, Piotr Piracy of digital content
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urheberrechtsverletzung ; Science and Technology ; Internet ; Kulturgut ; Produktpiraterie
    Abstract: This book studies digital piracy - the infringement of copyrighted content (such as music, films, software, broadcasting, books, etc.) - where the end product does not involve the use of hard media, such as CDs and DVDs. It presents the unique economic properties of markets for pirated digital products, where the existence of a large number of suppliers willing to provide pirated content at virtually no cost poses new and difficult challenges to copyright owners and policy makers in combating that piracy. These economic features, together with rapid technological developments, create special and unique problems to policy makers and the large number of actors involved in different jurisdictions. This book also provides an illustrative, in-depth case study of the sports rights owners sector, highlighting how it is affected by digital piracy.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264024748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.18
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Taxation of SMEs
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: KMU ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Steuerrecht ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; OECD
    Abstract: This report covers a broad range of SME taxation issues, including possible effects of taxation on the creation and growth of SMEs, and considerations arising from a relatively high compliance burden. Differing income tax and social security contribution burdens of unincorporated and incorporated SMEs are considered in detail, with analysis of average statutory tax rates carried out to investigate possible tax distortions to business creation and business structure decisions of a single worker/owner of an SME. Various arguments are presented for and against the targeting of tax incentives at SMEs. Country examples of SME tax incentives and compliance cost reduction measures are provided in the report.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Henrard, Valentine Slovenia
    DDC: 331.12094973
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Flexicurity ; Sozialpolitik ; Slowenien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia ; Slowenien ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Rentenversicherung ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: This report analyses the main challenges for labour market and social policies in Slovenia and considers the available policy options from the perspective of OECD countries' experience. It finds that Slovenia has one of the most equal income distributions in the world and a tradition of social dialogue. However, its unemployment insurance and employment service system are not sufficient to deal effectively with the present economic crisis and the country is also faced with rapid population ageing and a low employment rate among 55-to-64 year olds. This report makes recommendations to deal with these issues.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pôles de compétitivité, innovation et entrepreneuriat
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Clusters, innovation and entrepreneurship
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionales Cluster ; Innovation ; Entrepreneurship ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Cluster ; Innovation ; Entrepreneurship
    Abstract: This publication explores the success of major innovation and entrepreneurship clusters in OECD countries, the challenges they now face in sustaining their positions and the lessons for other places seeking to build successful clusters. What are the key factors for cluster success? What problems are emerging on the horizon? Which is the appropriate role of the public sector in supporting the expansion of clusters and overcoming the obstacles? The book addresses these and other issues, analysing seven internationally reputed clusters in depth: Grenoble in France, Vienna in Austria, Waterloo in Canada, Dunedin in New Zealand, Medicon Valley in Scandinavia, Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom, and Madison, Wisconsin, in the United States. For each cluster, it looks at the factors that have contributed to its growth, the impact of the cluster on local entrepreneurship performance, and the challenges faced for further expansion. It also puts forward a set of policy recommendations geared to the broader context of cluster development. This publication is essential reading for policy makers, practitioners and academics wishing to obtain good practices in cluster development and guidance on how to enhance the economic impact of clusters.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation and growth
    RVK:
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Forschung ; Entwicklung ; Innovation ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Entwicklungsländer ; Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. In this volume, the OECD and the World Bank jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth. The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national innovation policy. What seemed like effective innovation strategies (e.g. policies designed to strengthen the R&D capacity of domestic firms) are no longer sufficient for effective catch-up. The more open and global nature of innovation makes innovation policies more difficult to design and implement at the national scale alone. These challenges are further complicated by new phenomena, such as global value chains and the fragmentation of production, the growing role of global corporations, and the ICT revolution. Where and why a global corporation chooses to anchor its production affects the playing field for OECD and developing economies alike. Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060791
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Chile 2009 ; (Spanish version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chile
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalpolitik ; Chile ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile ; Chile ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Chile has achieved strong economic growth during the last 20 years. Nevertheless, its economy depends on a few resource-based sectors located in a small number of regions. The performance of Chilean regions varies significantly and regional disparities in GDP per capita are very high compared to those in OECD countries. Chilean regions have thus far so not fully utilised their assets and reached their potential for growth. This report recommends moving towards a territorial approach to development in Chile in order to better adapt public management to the different opportunities and needs of the diverse territories of the country. Chilean regions would particularly benefit from context-specific policies to boost productivity, such as those targeting innovation and entrepreneurship, and to improve education and training.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renforcement des organisations régionales de la pêche
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cox, Anthony Strengthening regional fisheries management organisations
    Keywords: Fischschutz ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Seefischerei ; Fischwirtschaft ; Regionalwirtschaft ; Organisation
    Abstract: With the development and entry into force of the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement in 1995, the international community made a commitment to strengthen Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), established to deal with the management of shared high seas resources. This study takes stock of the changes made in RFMOs, highlighting a gradual process of improvement that has translated into significant success stories. While there is no single recipe for this process, ensuring that the fundamental building blocks are in place to help create and maintain the economic and political momentum for change is important. Altering the underlying economic incentives may help to better align the interests of member countries, allowing coalitions for change to develop within the membership. The study and its analysis is built on evidence from a range of case studies of RFMOs, most notably the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CSBT), the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) and the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC).
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264073173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transport, energy and CO 2
    DDC: 628.5/32
    RVK:
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Kraftstoff ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Energy ; OECD ; Verkehrspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Car ownership is set to triple by 2050, trucking activity will double and air travel could increase fourfold. This book examines how to enable mobility without accelerating climate change. It finds that if we change the way we travel, adopt technologies to improve vehicle efficiency and shift to low-CO2 fuels, we can move onto a different pathway where transport CO2 emissions by 2050 are far below current levels, at costs that are lower than many assume. The report discusses the prospects for shifting more travel to the most efficient modes and reducing travel growth rates, improving vehicle fuel efficiency by up to 50% using cost-effective, incremental technologies, and moving toward electricity, hydrogen, and advanced biofuels to achieve a more secure and sustainable transport future. If governments implement strong policies to achieve this scenario, transport can play its role and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions by 2050.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264067110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'analyse d'impact de la réglementation ; Un outil au service de la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bounds, Gregory Regulatory impact analysis
    RVK:
    Keywords: Governance ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Regulierung ; Wirkungsanalyse
    Abstract: Regulatory impact analysis (RIA) is a systemic approach to critically assessing the positive and negative effects of proposed and existing regulations and non-regulatory alternatives. This publication brings together recent OECD research and analysis concerning methodological issues and country experiences with RIA. The collected papers cover a number of challenges to the effectiveness of RIA including: systemic factors which influence the quality of RIA; methodological frameworks that can assist RIA to improve regulation; guidance on using RIA to avoid unnecessary regulation of competitive markets; and a review of the use of RIA in the regulation of corporate governance across a number of OECD countries. Taken together, this publication provides valuable, practical guidance on how to improve the performance of RIA systems to promote economic welfare through better quality regulation.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789282102466
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.145
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence et interactions entre aéroports, services de transports aériens et ferroviaires
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: How should airports be regulated to contain market power? This round table proceedings first examines whether they need to be regulated at all. It concludes that because regulation is inevitably imperfect and costly, policy makers should establish conditions for competition to emerge between airports in preference to comprehensive regulation, whenever possible. Economic regulation is sometimes necessary, such as when airports are heavily congested. The proceedings determines which approaches are likely to work best and also assesses strategies for managing greenhouse gas emissions. It finds that although including aviation in an open emission trading scheme could help mitigate emissions efficiently across the economy, it should not be expected to produce major cuts in CO2-emissions in aviation itself. Finally the proceedings identifies the economic conditions under which high-speed rail can provide a competitive substitute for aviation, revealing the limited relevance of rail to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from this part of the transport market.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264062238
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (143 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/07
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264076297
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 437; Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 437: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai d’opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l’identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l’œil (OPCB) est une méthode d’essai in vitro pouvant être utilisée pour classer des substances parmi les substances « corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l’œil ». La méthode OPCB utilise des cornées isolées provenant d’yeux de bovins abattus à des fins commerciales, évitant ainsi l’utilisation d’animaux de laboratoire. Chaque groupe de traitement (substance d’essai et témoins négatifs et positifs) est composé de trois yeux au minimum, dont la cornée a été prélevée et placée dans la chambre d’un porte-cornée. En fonction des propriétés physico-chimiques de la substance d’essai, différentes méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour l’appliquer, mais il est important que la substance recouvre bien la surface épithéliale. Les effets toxiques pour la cornée sont estimés à partir des mesures de son opacité et de sa perméabilité, qui une fois combinées, fournissent le score d’irritation in vivo (SIIV) pour chaque groupe de traitement. Une substance qui induit un SIIV≥ 55.1 est classée « corrosive ou fortement irritante ».
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264072992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264049611
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008; (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008: (Polish version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Poland
    Abstract: Bien que la Pologne ait réussi à maintenir depuis le milieu des années 90 une forte croissance, la deuxième plus élevée des pays de l’OCDE en 2006-2007, les disparités territoriales persistent et se creusent, surtout entre les grandes agglomérations et les zones rurales. Comme de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, la Pologne doit s’employer à trouver un juste équilibre entre l’aide aux pôles de croissance et le développement des régions en retard, en particulier les régions périphériques de l’Est -- les plus pauvres de l'Union européenne. Ce rapport étudie les multiples défis pour la politique de développement régional en Pologne, et formule des recommandations, en s’attachant en particulier aux problèmes de gouvernance.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD innovation strategy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Lippoldt, Douglas Innovation in the software sector
    RVK:
    Keywords: Softwareindustrie ; Innovationsmanagement ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Softwareindustrie ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Softwareproduktion ; Softwaremarkt
    Abstract: This book throws a spotlight on innovation across the software universe, setting out key issues and highlighting policy perspectives. It spans research and development, invention, production, distribution and use of software in the market. It also covers core innovation themes from a user perspective - including security and privacy, mobility, interoperability, accessibility and reliability.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'innovation dans le secteur des logiciels
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English , French
    Edition: 2008
    Keywords: Finanzwirtschaft
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264037595
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2007
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264059825
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Première édition
    Series Statement: Pour une meilleure aide au développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Incentives in Donor Agencies (First Edition); Good Practice and Self-Assessment Tool
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Incentives in Donor Agencies (First Edition): Good Practice and Self-Assessment Tool
    Keywords: Development ; Ratgeber ; Entwicklungsorganisation ; Selbstevaluation ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Effizienz
    Abstract: En vertu de la Déclaration de Paris, les donneurs et les pays partenaires ont pris un certain nombre d’engagements auprès des décideurs et des agents des organismes d'aide. Ils se sont notamment engagés à réformer les procédures et à multiplier les incitations à leur intention afin de favoriser l'harmonisation, l'alignement et le ciblage sur les résultats. Ceci s’applique aussi bien aux domaines du recrutement et de l'évaluation qu’à celui de la formation. Cette promesse reposait sur une reconnaissance du fait que les changements de comportement indispensables ne se produiraient pas de façon automatique car un certain nombre de coûts, d’ordre institutionnel, financier et politique, sont associés, au départ et sur le long terme, à une modification du comportement des donneurs et des partenaires. L’importance de dispositifs d’incitation adéquats pour pousser les gestionnaires et responsables – et, plus essentiel encore, les dirigeants politiques – à opérer les changements nécessaires a été soulignée dans plusieurs pays partenaires couverts par l’Évaluation de la mise en œuvre de la Déclaration de Paris. À l’évidence, une transformation radicale des incitations appelle une ferme impulsion des sphères politiques, appuyée par des pressions des cercles informés dans les pays partenaires et donneurs. Cette publication contribue à répondre à cette nécessité en fournissant aux organismes donneurs des conseils sur les moyens d’améliorer l’efficacité de l’aide. Elle les aidera à répertorier les points forts, les points faibles et les lacunes de leurs dispositifs d’incitation pour ce qui est de la promotion de l’efficacité de l’aide.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Improving incentives in donor agencies : good practice and self-assessment tool
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264075368
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 éd.
    Keywords: Richtlinie ; Transfer pricing and multinational enterprises ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Verrechnungspreis ; Fremdvergleichspreis
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: OECD transfer pricing guidelines for multinational enterprises and tax administrations
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: 2009
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spain
    Keywords: Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059306
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English , French
    Keywords: Mitgliedsstaaten ; Finanzwirtschaft
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264056428
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2008
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  • 63
    Language: French
    Edition: 2008
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Russian Federation 2008: Strengthening the Policy Framework for Investment
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264076273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 ; Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 : Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproduction of collembolans in soil. The parthenogenetic Folsomia candida is the recommended species for use, but an alternative species such as sexually reproducing Folsomia fimetaria could also be used if they meet the validity criteria. This Guideline can be used for testing both water soluble and insoluble substances but it is not applicable to volatile ones. The Guideline aims to determine toxic effects of the test substance on adult mortality and reproductive output expressed as LCx and ECx respectively, or NOEC/LOEC value. The number of treatment concentrations varies depending on endpoints to be determined. For a combined approach to examine both the NOEC/LOEC and ECx, eight concentrations in a geometric series with four replicates for each concentration as well as eight control replicates should be used. In each test vessel, 10 juveniles F. candida (or 10 males and 10 females adults F. fimetaria) should be placed on 30 g of modified OECD artificial soil using a 5 % organic matter content. The duration of a definitive reproduction test is 4 weeks for F. candida or 3 weeks for F. fimetaria.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264083646
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Green Growth; Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Green Growth: Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Dans le contexte du développement durable, les ressources naturelles et les services écosystémiques fournis par l’environnement sont essentiels à la croissance économique, au bien-être social et à la santé humaine. L’inaction face aux grands problèmes d’environnement comme le changement climatique pourrait être à terme lourde de conséquences économiques. Il importe que les mesures prises aujourd’hui par les gouvernements pour parer à la crise économique soient conçues de manière à favoriser à l’avenir – ou du moins à ne pas compromettre – une croissance durable et respectueuse de l’environnement sur le long terme.Le présent document de réflexion met en évidence des exemples de mesures qu’adoptent d’ores et déjà les gouvernements pour inscrire leurs stratégies de redressement économique dans une perspective plus « verte », et certains des grands enjeux qu’ils pourraient juger utile d’étudier plus avant concernant l’impact de ces stratégies sur l’environnement.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264081857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The aim of the present Bribery Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners is to assist countries in making their tax examiners aware of the various bribery techniques used as well as giving them the tools to detect and identify bribes of foreign public officials and bribes to public officials in the domestic context. Countries may wish to use this Handbook and provide it to their tax officials in the context of their training programmes. Countries may also wish to use it to design their own Handbook that could enable them to incorporate their specific circumstances. For that purpose the Handbook identifies where countryspecific information can be added. The Handbook may also be used as a checklist during tax examinations.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264058439
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD in Figures 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'OCDE en chiffres 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La OCDE en cifras 2008
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264076020
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 436; Acute Inhalation Toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 436: Acute Inhalation Toxicity Acute Toxic Class Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode décrite dans cette Ligne directrice fournit des informations permettant d’évaluer les dangers liés à une exposition à court terme à un article d’essai par inhalation. Elle permet également de classer l’article d’essai conformément au Système général de classification et d’étiquetage des produits chimiques (SGH). La méthode consiste en plusieurs étapes, chaque étape utilisant 3 animaux de chaque sexe (l’espèce préférée est le rat). Les animaux sont exposés dans des chambres d’inhalation à une concentration prédéfinie pendant 4 heures. L’absence ou la présence de mortalités d’animaux liées à l’article d’essai à une étape détermine l’étape suivante. Les animaux présentant des signes de souffrance ou de détresse sévère sont euthanasiés. La dose de départ est sélectionnée parmi l’une des 4 concentrations correspondant aux catégories 1 à 4 du SGH pour les gaz, les vapeurs ou les aérosols. Les animaux sont observés quotidiennement en vue d’éventuels signes de toxicité pendant au moins 14 jours. Les animaux sont pesés au moins une fois par semaine. Tous les animaux font l’objet d’une autopsie générale.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264076266
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 231; Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 231: Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de métamorphose des amphibiens dans le but de dépister certaines substances pouvant intérférer avec le fonctionnement normal de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-thyroidien. L’essai a été validé sur le xénope (Xenopus laevis) qui est donc l’espèce recommandée dans la présente Ligne directrice. L’essai fait usage de trois niveaux de concentrations du produit chimique testé, ainsi que des témoins nécessaires, y compris un témoin-solvant au besoin. L’essai commence avec des têtards au stade de développement 51 sur l’échelle de Nieuwkoop et Faber, et s’étend sur une durée de 21 jours. Quatre cuves répliquats sont utilisés à chaque niveaux de traitement et pour le(s) témoin(s). Après 7 jours d’exposition, un sous-ensemble de têtards provenant de chaque niveau de traitement et du(des) témoin(s) est échantillonné pour mesurer la longueur du membre antérieur. A l’issue de la période d’exposition de 21 jours, le stade de développement, la longueur museau-cloaque et la longueur du membre antérieur sont mesurés chez tous les têtards restants. Un sous-ensemble de têtards provenant de chaque niveau de traitement, y compris du témoin, est fixé (in toto ou disséqué) pour l’évaluation histopathologique de la glande thyroide.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264076358
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 441; Hershberger Bioassay in Rats; A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 441: Hershberger Bioassay in Rats: A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le bio-essai de Hershberger est un essai de dépistage in vivo à court terme. Il permet d’évaluer la capacité d’un produit chimique à induire des activités biologiques analogues à celles induites par des agonistes et des antagonistes d’androgène ou des inhibiteurs de 5α-réductase. L’essai actuel est fondé sur les variations de poids de cinq tissus dépendant des androgènes chez le rat mâle péri-pubertaire castré: la prostate ventrale, la vésicule séminale (plus les fluides et les glandes coagulantes), le muscle élévateur de l’anus et bulbo-caverneux, la paire de glandes de Cowper et le gland. Pour tester les androgènes ou les anti-androgènes, deux - respectivement trois - groupes de doses de la substance d’essai, plus un témoin positif et un témoin de véhicule (négatif) sont normalement suffisants. La substance d’essai est administrée par gavage ou injection sous-cutanée, chaque jour, pendant 10 jours consécutifs. Pour tester les anti-androgènes, la substance d’essai est administrée avec un agoniste d’androgène de référence. Chaque groupe traité ou témoin comprend au moins six animaux. Les animaux sont autopsiés environ 24 heures après la dernière administration de la substance d’essai. Les tissus sont excisés et les poids frais sont déterminés. Une augmentation (pour les androgènes) ou une diminution (pour les anti-androgènes) du poids de deux des cinq tissues, statistiquement significative, indique une réponse positive dans cet essai.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789264076204
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229; Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229: Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). L’essai à court terme de reproduction a été validé chez le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), qui est donc l’espèce de prédilection. L’essai est mené avec trois niveaux de concentration chimique et les contrôles appropriés, y compris un contrôle contenant le solvent si nécessaire. Pour le tête-de-boule, quatre réplicats sont utilisés pour chaque niveau de concentration et contrôle(s). Pendant toute la durée de l’essai, la fécondité est en outre évaluée quotidiennement sur le plan quantitatif. A l’issue de cette période d’exposition de 21 jours, deux biomarqueurs sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur le système endocrinien ; ces biomarqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. Les gonades sont préservées et l’histopathologie gonadique peut être utilisée pour évaluer l’adaptation du système reproducteur des animaux testés et pour confirmer les éléments de preuve apportés par les autres biomarqueurs.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264071186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 ; Études de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 : Études de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a long-term carcinogenicity study is to observe test animals for a major portion of their life span for the development of neoplastic lesions during or after exposure to various doses of a test substance by an appropriate route of administration. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rats and mice, and for oral administration. Both sexes should be used. Each dose group and concurrent control group should contain at least 50 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels and a concurrent control should be used. Animals are dosed with the test substance daily (oral, dermal or inhalation administration) and the mode of exposure should be adjusted according to the toxicokinetic profile of the test substance. The duration of the study will normally be 24 months for rodents. For specific strains of mice, duration of 18 months may be more appropriate. Termination of the study should be considered when the number of survivors in the lower dose groups or the control group falls below 25 per cent. The results of these studies include: measurements (weighing, food consumption), and, at least, daily and detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264076228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 ; Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons ; un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 : Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons : un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for certain endocrine active substances where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). This assay covers the screening of oestrogenic and androgenic activity, and aromatase inhibition. The assay was validated on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio); however zebrafish does not allow the detection of androgenic activity. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, depending on the species used, one or two biomarker endpoint(s) are measured in males and females as indicators of oestrogenic, aromatase inhibition or androgenic activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Vitellogenin is measured in fathead minnow, Japanese medaka and zebrafish, whereas secondary sex characteristics are measured in fathead minnow and Japanese medaka only.
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789264076334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441; Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat ; Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Hershberger Bioassay is an in vivo short–term screening test. It evaluates the ability of a chemical to elicit biological activities consistent with androgen agonists, antagonists or 5 á-reductase inhibitors. The current bioassay is based on the changes in weight of five androgen-dependent tissues in the castrate-peripubertal male rat: the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle (plus fluids and coagulating glands), levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle, paired Cowper’s glands and the glans penis. In order to establish whether a test substance can have androgenic or antiandrogenic action, two – respectively three - dose groups of the test substance, plus positive and vehicle (negative) controls are normally sufficient. The test substance is administered by gavage or subcutaneous injection daily for 10 consecutive days. To test for antiandrogens, the test substance is administered together with a reference androgen agonist. Each treated and control group should include a minimum of 6 animals. The animals are necropsied approximately 24 hours after the last administration of the test substance. The tissues are excised and their fresh weights determined. A statistically significant increase (androgenic) or decrease (antiandrogenic) in the weights of two of the five tissues indicates a positive response in this assay.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789282102343
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables rondes FIT no.144
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Terrorism and International Transport; Towards Risk-based Security Policy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Terrorism and International Transport: Towards Risk-based Security Policy
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: La sûreté est un élément fondamental des systèmes de transport : ces derniers sont souvent pris pour cible dans les attaques terroristes. Les coûts significatifs des dommages potentiels font des politiques de sûreté une préoccupation majeure pour les autorités responsables des transports. Cette Table Ronde examine le rôle que peut jouer l’analyse économique pour renforcer la sécurité des transports aérien et maritime en quantifiant les avantages associés et en appréciant leur efficacité et la valeur des techniques qui visent à orienter les ressources vers l’atténuation des risques les plus importants.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264062009
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD in Figures 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'OCDE en chiffres 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die OECD in Zahlen 2008
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264076389
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 455; The Stably Transfected Human Estrogen Receptor-alpha Transcriptional Activation Assay for Detection of Estrogenic Agonist-Activity of Chemicals
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 455: The Stably Transfected Human Estrogen Receptor-alpha Transcriptional Activation Assay for Detection of Estrogenic Agonist-Activity of Chemicals
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit un essai in vitro qui fournit des informations mécanistiques et peut être utilisé à des fins de dépistage et de mise en priorité. Le système utilise la lignée cellulaire hERalpha-HeLa-9903 provenant d’une tumeur cervicale humaine, transfectée de façon stable. Cette lignée cellulaire permet de mesurer la capacité d’une substance d’essai à induire la transactivation de l’expression du gène luciférase, médiée par le récepteur d’œstrogène alpha humain hERalpha. Les cellules sont exposées à 7 concentrations non cytotoxiques de la substance d’essai pendant 20-24 heures afin de provoquer la synthèse de produits de gènes rapporteurs. Quatre substances de référence sont incluses dans chaque essai : un estrogène fort (17bêta-estradiol, un faible (17alpha-estradiol), un très faible (17alpha-méthyltestostérone) et un témoin négatif (corticostérone). L’activité de l’enzyme luciférase est mesurée par un luminomètre. Une substance d’essai est considérée comme répondant positivement si la réponse maximale induite est égale ou excède 10 % de la réponse du témoin positif (1 Nm 17bêta-estradiol) dans au moins deux parmi deux, ou deux parmi trois expérimentations. Logiciel à utiliser pour les essais 425, 432, 455. Cliquer ici. Logiciel non couvert par l’Acceptation Mutuelle des Données.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264060777
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Top of the class
    DDC: 371.262
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; PISA-Studie ; OECD ; Naturwissenschaften ; Unterricht ; Qualität
    Abstract: The rapidly growing demand for highly skilled workers has led to a global competition for talent. While basic competencies are important for the absorption of new technologies, high-level skills are critical for the creation of new knowledge, technologies and innovation. The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has taken an innovative approach to examining educational excellence, by directly assessing students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes and exploring how these relate to the characteristics of individual students, schools and education systems. Based on PISA survey results, this report examines who the highest performing students are, what the characteristics of the schools they attend are, to what extent they engage in science related activities outside of school, what their motivations and attitudes towards science are, and what their career intentions are.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264073036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière ; Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière : Réforme et stratégies de sortie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financial crisis
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationaler Finanzmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Welt ; Internationale Finanzpolitik ; Internationaler Kreditmarkt ; Finanzkrise ; Bank ; Insolvenz ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Erde ; Finanzkrise
    Abstract: The financial crisis required governments to make massive interventions in their financial systems. This book sets out priorities for reforming incentives in financial markets as well as for phasing out these emergency measures.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264076822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Public expenditure control has become a central element of economic policy in many countries. This report analyses budget practices and some recent innovations from the point of view of senior public servants in the central budget offices of nineteen OECD Member countries. It also summarises the institutional framework and procedures governing budgeting in each of these countries.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264050105
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (81 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Building an Institutional Framework for Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA); Guidance for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Building an Institutional Framework for Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA): Guidance for Policy Makers
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: L’analyse d’impact de la réglementation (AIR) est un instrument fondamental qui aide les autorités à évaluer les bienfaits, le coût et les effets probables de la réglementation en projet ou en vigueur. La réglementation étant ainsi mieux conçue, l’AIR contribue à l’efficience recherchée par les responsables de l’action publique. Cet apport est d’autant plus précieux que les autorités doivent faire face à des contraintes budgétaires et répondre par leur action à des impératifs concurrents. Ce guide, destiné aux décideurs qui souhaiteraient mieux connaître l’AIR, a pour but de traiter les principales étapes de l’AIR en insistant sur les conditions institutionnelles qu’il est indispensable de réunir pour que la réalisation aboutisse. Il s’appuie sur les très nombreux travaux que l’OCDE a consacrés à la pratique de l’AIR dans les pays membres. Le cadre de l’OCDE souligne l’intérêt de l’AIR, qui permet aux praticiens de mieux comprendre les conditions requises pour mettre en application un mécanisme d’AIR et pérenniser son fonctionnement.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264060203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australia
    DDC: 331.3/40994
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report contains - for Australia - a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, as well as a set of policy recommendations for further action.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264070790
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 412; Subacute Inhalation Toxicity; 28-Day Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 412: Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice révisée a été conçue afin de caractériser pleinement la toxicité par inhalation de l’article d’essai, suite à une exposition répétée sur une période de temps limitée (28 jours), et de fournir des données pour l’évaluation quantitative des risques liés à l’inhalation. Elle a été mise à jour en 2017 afin de permettre de tester et caractériser les effets des nanomatériaux. Des groupes de rongeurs (5 mâles et 5 femelles) sont exposés 6 heures par jour pendant une période de 90 jours a) à la substance d’essai à trois niveaux de concentration ou plus, b) à de l’air filtré (témoin négatif), et/ou c) au véhicule (groupe témoin du véhicule). Les animaux sont exposés en général 5 jours par semaine, mais il est aussi permis de les exposer 7 jours par semaine. Des mâles et des femelles sont toujours utilisés, mais peuvent être exposés à des niveaux de concentration différents si l’un des sexes est connu pour être plus sensible à une substance d’essai donnée. Les résultats de l’étude incluent des mesures et des observations quotidiennes détaillées (hématologie et chimie clinique) ainsi qu’une autopsie générale, le poids des organes et de l’histopathologie. Afin de mieux caractériser la toxicité de la substance d’essai, la Ligne directrice laisse la possibilité d’inclure des groupes satellites (réversibilité), des lavages broncho-alvéolaires, la mesure de la charge pulmonaire pour les particules, des tests neurologiques et des évaluations histopathologiques ou de pathologie clinique supplémentaires.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/27
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264076280
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 232; Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 232: Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice est destinée à évaluer les effets des substances chimiques sur la reproduction des collemboles dans le sol. Folsomia candida, qui se reproduit par parthénogénèse, est l’espèce recommandée, mais une autre espèce telle que Folsomia Fimetaria, dont la reproduction est sexuée, peut aussi être utilisée si les critères de validité sont remplis. Cette Ligne directrice peut être utilisée pour des substances solubles ou insolubles, mais elle ne s’applique pas aux substances volatiles. L’objectif est de déterminer les effets toxiques de la substance sur la mortalité des adultes et sur le taux de reproduction exprimé respectivement par la CLx et la CEx, ou par les valeurs CSEO/CMEO. Le nombre de concentrations d’essai varie en fonction des effets à mesurer. Pour une approche combinée visant à déterminer les CSEO/CMEO, huit concentrations formant une série géométrique, quatre réplicats pour chaque concentration et huit réplicats témoins sont utilisés. Dans chaque récipient d’essai, 10 juvéniles F. candida (ou 10 males et 10 femelles F. fimetaria) sont placés sur 30 g de sol artificiel modifié OCDE contenant 5 % de matière organique. La durée d’un essai de reproduction définitif est de 4 semaines pour F. candida et de 3 semaines pour F. fimetaria.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: 2009
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spain
    Keywords: Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009
    RVK:
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789282102183
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Déficience cognitive, santé mentale et transports ; Vers une accessibilité pour tous
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cognitive impairment and mental health affect a large number of people, for whom the use of public transport can present a challenge. This book examines this neglected area, presenting various suggestions from transport staff training to better signage, clearer timetables, and increased staff presence to help build users' confidence.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789282102213
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cognitive Impairment, Mental Health and Transport; Design with Everyone in Mind
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Pour la partie de plus en plus nombreuse de la population qui est atteinte de déficiences cognitives ou d’un problème de santé mentale, l’utilisation des transports publics peut être vécue comme un défi. La publication analyse ce domaine négligé en proposant des solutions allant de la formation des personnels de services à l'utilisation d'une meilleure signalétique, à des changements dans la présentation des horaires ainsi qu'à une présence accrue de personnel pour aider les voyageurs à prendre confiance.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faire respecter les normes environnementales ; Tendances et bonnes pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ensuring Environmental Compliance; Trends and Good Practices (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ensuring environmental compliance
    DDC: 363.7/0526
    RVK:
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Information ; Kommunikation ; Implementation ; Effektivität ; Environment ; Governance ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Despite progress in recent years, there is growing evidence that OECD countries are not on track to reach some of their key environmental goals. This report examines the strategies and instruments that governments use to ensure compliance with pollution prevention and control regulations, particularly in the industrial sector. It compares the compliance assurance systems of six OECD countries – Finland, France, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States – as well as those of China and Russia. The report provides policy makers, environmental regulators, and other stakeholders with a comprehensive analysis of the design, management aspects, and the main elements of government compliance and enforcement programmes. Focusing on compliance promotion, compliance monitoring, and non-compliance response, it identifies and compares good practices, sets them in context of different countries’ regulatory cultures and highlights the key international trends.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264044814
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (454 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Globalisation and emerging economies
    DDC: 330.9172/4
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Globalisierung ; Schwellenländer ; Brasilien ; Russland ; Indien ; Indonesien ; China ; Südafrika ; Trade ; Brazil ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Russian Federation ; South Africa ; Schwellenländer ; Globalisierung ; Außenwirtschaft ; Schwellenländer ; Globalisierung ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Brasilien ; Russland ; Indien ; Indonesien ; China ; Südafrika ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Außenhandel ; Globalisierung
    Abstract: OECD countries still dominate the world economy, but their share of world trade dropped from 73% in 1992 to 64% in 2005, and some of the world’s most important economies are not members of the OECD. Foremost among these are the so-called BRIICS: Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa. This book analyses key elements of the trade performance of the BRIICS in relation to the rest of the world, focusing on trade and other policies influencing that performance. Developments in global trade policy are reviewed, notably the impact of preferential trade agreements on the multilateral system and patterns of world trade are described using both indices that reveal networks of trading relations and more standard modeling results. As well as the global analysis, the book also presents a separate chapter for each of the BRIICS, examining the key development and trade issues in each of the six countries over the past few years.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060289 , 9789264107144
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Trade; Free, Fair and Open?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationaler Handel; Frei, fair und offen?
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Le commerce international influence directement le prix et la disponibilité de tout ce que nous achetons ou presque. Son rôle est également notable dans beaucoup d’autres domaines, notamment l’emploi, l’environnement et la lutte contre la pauvreté. Les essentiels de l'OCDE : Le commerce international soutient que la prospérité a rarement, voire jamais, été atteinte ou maintenue sans le concours du commerce. Néanmoins, à lui seul, il ne constitue pas une condition suffisante, et des politiques orientées vers l’emploi, l’éducation, la santé et bien d’autres domaines encore sont nécessaires pour favoriser le bien-être et s’attaquer aux défis d’une économie mondialisée.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060135
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (418 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudios de la OCDE de Innovación Regional; 15 estados mexicanos
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als 15 Mexican states
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionalökonomik ; Regionales Cluster ; Technologiepolitik ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Mexico ; Mexiko ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Technische Innovation
    Abstract: Despite macro-economic stability in recent years, Mexico still suffers from stagnant productivity growth. Mexico’s long-term competitiveness in a global context will require greater public and private action to spur innovation and economic growth in regions throughout the country. This report reviews how both national and state policies in Mexico can better support regional innovation systems and includes profiles of 15 states.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264051386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Educación Superior en Chile
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tertiary education in Chile
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Chile ; Education ; Chile ; Chile ; Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulfinanzierung
    Abstract: This joint OECD and World Bank review gives a brief overview of post-secondary education in Chile and describes its development over the past twenty years. It presents an analysis of the system and identifies key directions for policy reform in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students. It concludes with a set of key recommendations concerning the structure of the system and its labour market relevance; access and equity, governance and management; research, development and innovation; internationalisation; and financing.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264060579
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Geological settings selected as potential host formations for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste are chosen for, among other assets, their long-term stability and buffering capacity against destabilising events and processes. These proceedings present the outcomes of a geosphere stability workshop, held in November 2007, that focused on crystalline and other types of hard, fractured rocks. The workshop underscored the fact that many such rocks are intrinsically stable environments that evolve extremely slowly and provide good buffering against external events and processes. The proceedings show a good understanding of the processes and events that can affect crystalline rocks and, although there is less confidence in predicting exactly when and where such events will occur and the volume of rock that will be affected, the extent of the impacts on a geological repository can be confidently addressed using bounding approaches supported by geological information from similar sites around the world.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264056886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (323 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La bioéconomie à l'horizon 2030 ; Quel programme d'action ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The bioeconomy to 2030
    RVK:
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; Biotechnologie-Industrie ; Politik ; Industriepolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Biowissenschaften ; Industriepolitik
    Abstract: The biological sciences are adding value to a host of products and services, producing what some have labelled the “bioeconomy” and offering the potential to make major socio-economic contributions in OECD countries. Using quantitative analyses of data on development pipelines and R&D expenditures from private and public databases, this book estimates biotechnological developments to 2015. Moving to a broader institutional view, it also looks at the roles of R&D funding, human resources, intellectual property, and regulation in the bioeconomy, as well as at possible developments that could influence emerging business models to create scenarios to 2030. These scenarios are included to stimulate reflection on the interplay between policy choices and technological advances in shaping the bioeconomy. Finally, the book explores policy options to support the social, environmental and economic benefits of a bioeconomy.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264076884
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cities, towns & renewable energy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Stadt ; Energieversorgung ; Energieeinsparung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Stadtökologie ; Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energien ; Energieeinsparung
    Abstract: Local governments have the power to influence the energy choices of their citizens. Many cities and towns have already encouraged energy efficiency measures. Even so, as demand for energy services continues to grow, the energy infrastructure that every city and town depends on will need to be expanded, upgraded or replaced. This provides the opportunity to increase the deployment of renewable energy technologies and decentralised energy systems, and hence gain the multi-benefits of increased energy security, climate change mitigation and sustainable development, but also the social benefits of reduced air pollution, such as improved health and employment. Many combinations of policies have been employed to stimulate local renewable energy development. These policies include: local governance by authority; providing resources; enabling private actors; leading by example; allowing self-governance. Mega-city mayors, down to small-town officials, have successfully introduced such policies, although these vary with location, local resources and population. Cities, Towns and Renewable Energy – “ Yes In My Front Yard “ includes several case studies chosen to illustrate how enhanced deployment of renewable energy projects can result, regardless of a community’s size or location. The goals of this report are to inspire city stakeholders by showing how renewable energy systems can benefit citizens and businesses, assist national governments to better appreciate the role that local municipalities might play in meeting national and international objectives, and help accelerate the necessary transition to a sustainable energy future.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060890
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Finland 2009
    Keywords: Environment ; Finland
    Abstract: Examen approfondie de l'OCDE des programmes et politiques environnementales de la Finlande. Il examine la gestion de l'air et de l'eau, la nature et la biodiversité, le développement durable, l'interface environnement/ économie, l'interface environnement/social et la coopération internationale. Cette étude propose un choix de données statistiques pertinentes et une série de recommandations destinées à renforcer l’infrastructure environnementale, à mettre en œuvre la politique de l’environnement et à intégrer les préoccupations écologiques aux décisions économiques.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth; France 2009
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als France
    RVK:
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Frankreich ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Frankreich ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on France contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264076129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Trans-border Urban Co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region, 2009; (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trans-border urban co-operation in the Pan Yellow Sea Region
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Ostasien ; Gelbes Meer ; Internationale Kooperation ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Soziokultureller Wandel ; Transnationale Politik ; Bericht ; OECD
    Abstract: The Pan Yellow Sea Region (PYSR) covers the coasts of Northern China (Bohai Rim), western and southern Korea and south-western Japan (Kyushu). It has been one of the fastest growing economic zones in East Asia since China’s opening in the early 1990s, thanks to the region’s extensive manufacturing and transportation networks. Development has been driven by cities such as Dalian, Qingdao and Tianjin in China, Busan and Incheon in Korea, and Fukuoka and Kitakyushu in Japan. However, the PYSR has yet not fully utilised its assets nor reached its potential for growth. Further economic integration has been hindered by excessive competition and inadequate co-operation within the region. The regional transportation system requires structural changes to be integrated, especially in the container transportation market. Deepening the region’s social and cultural network remains a challenge. And environmental concerns are increasingly attracting attention. This report analyses these factors and assesses a wide range of policies to improve the PYSR’s competitiveness and integration. In particular, the report examines the PYSR’s trans-border governance system, which has emerged since the 1990s as a key regional policy agenda. The harmonisation of authorities within the region is a prerequisite to achieving economic success and addressing the PYSR’s diverse challenges. A comparative analysis of trans-border cooperation in OECD countries in Europe and North America is also included in an annex. This report will be of special interest to policy makers, researchers, NGOs and others active in trans-border development or Asian economic development.
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