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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464804410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (164 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; GDP ; Gender ; GNI ; Growth ; Income classification ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Malnutrition ; MDGs ; Population ; Poverty ; Trade
    Abstract: World Development Indicators 2015 provides a compilation of relevant, highquality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. It is intended to help policymakers, students, analysts, professors, program managers, and citizens find and use data related to all aspects of development, including those that help monitor progress toward the World Bank Group's two goals of ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Six themes are used to organize indicators-world view, people, environment, economy, states and markets, and global links. As in past editions, World Development Indicators reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. WDI 2015 includes: * A selection of the most popular indicators across 214 economies and 14 country groups organized into six WDI themes * Thematic and regional highlights, providing an overview of global development trends * An in-depth review of the progress made toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals * A user guide describing resources available online and on mobile apps A complementary online data analysis tool is available this year to allow readers to further investigate global, regional, and country progress on the MDGs: data.worldbank.org/mdgs. Each of the remaining sections includes an introduction; six stories highlighting specific global, regional or country trends; and a table of the most relevant and popular indicators for that theme, together with a discussion of indicator compilation methodology. WDI DataFinder Mobile App Download the WDI DataFinder Mobile App and other Data Apps at data.worldbank.org/apps. WDI DataFinder is a mobile app for browsing the current WDI database on smartphones and tablets, using iOS, Android, and Blackberry, available in four languages: English, French, Spanish, and Chinese. Use the app to: * browse data using the structure of the WDI * visually compare countries and indicators * create, edit, and save customized tables, charts, and maps * share what you create on Twitter, Facebook, and via email
    Note: Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, District of Columbia : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464800511 , 9781464800528
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (209 pages) , tables, graphs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World Bank. International debt statistics
    DDC: 336.3435091724
    Keywords: Entwicklungsländer ; Statistik ; Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance
    Note: Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 25, 2014)
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781464802270 , 9781464802287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.609676
    Keywords: East African Community Economic policy ; East African Community Economic policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation ; East African Community ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Part A:The status of PPP frameworks and portfolios in the EAC.BackgroundPartner state PPP frameworksPartner state portfoliosCurrent status of capital marketsExisting capacities and activities of EAC.Part B:Lessons learned from regional project case studies.Summary of country case studiesKey questions and lessons in defining a role for RECs.Part C:Regional PPP policy framework issues.Key considerations for a regional PPP policyEAC regional PPP policy: key areas of priority and optionsEAC regional PPP resource center: issues and optionsPPP financing: issues and optionsConclusion--key elements of a strategic business planKey criteria for a strategic business planEstablishing measurable policy outcomesCreation of a task forceBudgetary requirements.Annex 1:PPP country framework templatesAnnex 2:PPP portfolios in EAC partner statesAnnex 3:Rift Valley Railway caseAnnex 4: Johannesburg to Maputo N4 Toll Road caseAnnex 5:West African Gas Pipeline caseAnnex 6:EADB--preliminary institutional assessment (as of October 2011).
    Note: "December 2013 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9780821398982 , 9780821398999
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 70 p.
    DDC: 332.1091724
    Keywords: Entwicklungsländer ; Finance ; Banks and banking, centers
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9780821388655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.1/216
    Keywords: City planning ; Disasters Economic aspects ; Emergency management ; Infrastructure (Economics) Planning ; Regional planning ; Urban policy ; City planning ; Disasters Economic aspects ; Emergency management ; Infrastructure (Economics) Planning ; Regional planning ; Urban policy ; City planning ; Disasters ; Emergency management ; Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Regional planning ; Planning ; Urban policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821398289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.098
    Keywords: Finance ; Financial institutions ; Monetary policy ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Monetary policy ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Monetary policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
    ISBN: 9780821388914 , 9780821388921
    Language: English
    Pages: xx, 175 p.
    Series Statement: Africa Region human development series
    DDC: 370.9629
    Keywords: Erziehung ; Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Background and context -- Overall enrollment patterns -- Patterns of student flow -- Disparities in school participation -- Student learning and service delivery -- Education spending -- Teachers and teacher management in South Sudan -- Conclusions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821397540 , 9780821397541 , 9780821397558
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 227 p) , 22 x 11 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: Finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics Government policy ; Financial institutions Statistics State supervision ; International finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics ; Finance Statistics Government policy ; Financial institutions Statistics State supervision ; International finance Statistics ; Finance ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; International finance
    Abstract: A pocket edition of the Global Financial Development Database, published as part of the work on the Global Financial Development Report 2013: Rethinking the Role of the State in Finance. It contains 38 indicators of financial development in 205 economies, including measures of (1) financial depth, (2) access, (3) efficiency, and (4) stability of financial institutions and markets
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821397796 , 9780821397794
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 90 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank study
    Keywords: AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Community health services Finance ; Non-governmental organizations ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Community health services Finance ; Non-governmental organizations ; AIDS (Disease) ; Community health services ; Non-governmental organizations ; Prevention ; Finance ; Finance
    Abstract: In the past decade the global financial assistance for AIDS responses increased tremendously and the donor community provided greater resources to community responses. Yet little is known about the global magnitude of these resources and their allocation among HIV and AIDS activities and services. To address this knowledge gap, this report pulls together evidence from several different sources (donor data bases, surveys of civil society organizations, country funding profiles) to determine, among other things, how funds are reaching civil society and community-based organizations, how these funds are being used, and the degree to which these organizations rely on other sources of funding --
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionMethodology -- Terminology and Organization of the Report -- Note -- References -- Main Results -- Trends in Donor Funding -- Rationale for Civil Society Involvement in the AIDS Response -- Institutional Design of the Community Response -- Flow of Funds from Donors -- Country Funding Profiles -- International HIV/AIDS Alliance Survey of CSOs -- CADRE-OSISA Survey.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821388570 , 9780821388679
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 370.9624
    Keywords: Education Evaluation ; Education Evaluation ; Education
    Note: "His report was prepared by the World Bank and the Government of National Unity (GoNU) of the Republic of Sudan"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.67/22
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development
    Description / Table of Contents: Rationale for green infrastructure finance frameworkEconomic rationale of green investments -- Conceptual methodology for assessing and allocating risks -- Assessment of green investment climate in eap countries -- Conclusion and next steps -- Annex 1: Green investment climate matrix -- Annex 2: Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9780821388358 , 9780821388563
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvi, 334 p.
    Series Statement: MENA development report
    DDC: 332.10956
    Keywords: Bank ; Finance ; Finance ; Financial institutions ; Financial institutions ; Banks and banking ; Banks and banking ; Naher Osten
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9780821387030 , 9780821387047
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 124 p.
    DDC: 338.94
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Europa ; Zentralasien
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Background, approach, and sector trends -- pt. 2. How the crisis has changed the PPP market -- pt. 3. Recommendations for governments
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9780821387818 , 9780821388204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 61 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 658.15224
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Background: Current status of PPP markets in selected countries. This reportSources of financing: Sources of local financing for PPP projects. Local commercial banks. Pension funds. Insurance funds. Local capital market -- Sources of international financing for PPP projects: International commercial banks. Private infrastructure funds. Donor infrastructure funds. Sovereign wealth funds and other public entities -- The legislative and institutional framework -- A well-structured PPP pipeline -- Risk allocation and fiscal management of PPPs -- Medium-term options for PPP financing: Tackling high upfront capital costs. Longer-term local debt financing. Risk mitigation guarantee products. PPP market failures deriving from country size and cross-border infrastructure financing constraints -- Recommendations: Developing long-term financing for infrastructure. Strengthening other aspects of a strong enabling environment.
    Note: "This report was produced at the request of the Government of Ghana (GOG) under the leadership of the Project Finance and Analysis (PFA) Unit of the Public Investment Department (PID) of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MOFEP) and with support from the World Bank and Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF)"--Acknowledgements , Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381881 , 082138189X , 9780821381885 , 9780821381892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 175 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 338.9109172/4
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services Finance ; Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services Finance ; Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9780821384848
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxi, 356 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Human development
    DDC: 307.3/4095127
    Keywords: City planning ; Education ; Social change ; City planning ; Education ; Social change ; City planning ; Education ; Social change ; Guangdong Sheng (China) ; Guangdong Sheng (China) ; Guangdong Sheng (China) ; Guangdong Sheng (China) ; Guangdong Sheng (China) Politics and government 21st century ; Guangdong Sheng (China) Social conditions 21st century ; Guangdong Sheng (China) Social planning ; Guangdong Sheng (China) Social policy ; Guangdong Sheng (China) Politics and government 21st century ; Guangdong Sheng (China) Social conditions 21st century ; Guangdong Sheng (China) Social planning ; Guangdong Sheng (China) Social policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9780821383193
    Language: French , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxii, 157 pages) , ill , 26 cm
    Series Statement: Document de travail de la Banque Mondiale no. 183
    Series Statement: Series Le development humain en Afrique
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 370.96724
    Keywords: Education and state ; Education
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-157) , Chiefly in French with introductory matter in French and English
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381989 , 9780821381984
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (lxviii, 340 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 182
    DDC: 370.96897
    Keywords: Education ; Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Demographics, social development, and macroeconomic conditionsEnrollment patterns -- Education expenditure and financing -- Internal efficiency, learning outcomes, and management issues -- Equity and disparities -- Technical, entrepreneurial, and vocational education and training -- Higher education -- External efficiency.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9780821377307 , 0821377302 , 9780821377314 , 0821377310
    Language: English
    Pages: xii, 111 p.
    DDC: 658.15/224
    Keywords: Public works Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Investments, Foreign ; Public Private Partnership ; Investitionsanalyse ; Afrika ; Afrika ; Afrika ; Public Private Partnership ; Investitionsanalyse
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104) and index
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4878
    Parallel Title: Irving, Jacqueline Local sources of financing for infrastructure in Africa
    Keywords: Financial institutions ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Financial institutions ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "With the exception of South Africa, local financial markets in sub-Saharan Africa remain underdeveloped and small, with a particular dearth of financing with maturity terms commensurate with the medium- to long-term horizons of infrastructure projects. But as financial market reforms gather momentum, there is growing awareness of the need to tap local and regional sources. Drawing on a comprehensive new database constructed for the purpose of this research, the paper assesses the actual and potential role of local financial systems for 24 African countries in financing infrastructure. The paper concludes that further development and more appropriate regulation of local institutional investors would help them realize their potential as financing sources, for which they are better suited than local banks because their liabilities would better match the longer terms of infrastructure projects. There are clear signs of positive change: private pension providers are emerging in Africa, there is a shift from defined benefit toward defined contribution plans, and African institutional investors have begun taking a more diversified portfolio approach in asset allocation. Although capital markets remain underdeveloped, new issuers in infrastructure sectors-particularly of corporate bonds-are coming to market in several countries, in some cases constituting the debut issue. More than half of the corporate bonds listed at end-2006 on these countries' markets were by companies in infrastructure sectors. More cross-border listings and investment within the region-in both corporate bonds and equity issues-including by local institutional investors, could help overcome local capital markets' impediments and may hold significant promise for financing cross-country infrastructure projects. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4831
    Parallel Title: Hou, Xiaohui Wealth
    Keywords: Child labor ; Education ; Wealth ; Child labor ; Education ; Wealth
    Abstract: "The relationship between wealth and child labor has been widely examined. This paper uses three rounds of time-series, cross-sectional data to examine the relationship between wealth and child labor and schooling. The paper finds that wealth is crucial in determining a child's activities, but that this factor is far from being a sufficient condition to enroll a child in school. This is particularly the case for rural girls. Nonparametric analysis shows a universal increase in school enrollment for rural girls from 1998 to 2006. This increase is independent of wealth (measured by per capita expenditure). Multinomial logit regression further shows that wealth is insignificant in determining rural girls' activity decisions. Thus, interventions to increase school enrollment should incorporate broad-targeted, demand-side interventions as well as supply-side interventions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4833
    Parallel Title: Ferre, Celine Age at first child
    Keywords: Education ; Fertility, Human ; Teenage pregnancy ; Education ; Fertility, Human ; Teenage pregnancy
    Abstract: "Completing additional years of education necessarily entails spending more time in school. There is naturally a rather mechanical effect of schooling on fertility if women tend not to have children while continuing to attend high school or college, thus delaying the beginning of and shortening their reproductive life. This paper uses data from the Kenyan Demographic and Health Surveys of 1989, 1993, 1998, and 2003 to uncover the impact of staying one more year in school on teenage fertility. To get around the endogeneity issue between schooling and fertility preferences, the analysis uses the 1985 Kenyan education reform as an instrument for years of education. The authors find that adding one more year of education decreases by at least 10 percentage points the probability of giving birth when still a teenager. The probability of having one's first child before age 20, when having at least completed primary education, is about 65 percent; therefore, for this means a reduction of about 15 percent in teenage fertility rates for this group. One additional year of school curbs the probability of becoming a mother each year by 7.3 percent for women who have completed at least primary education, and 5.6 percent for women with at least a secondary degree. These results (robust to a wide array of specifications) are of crucial interest to policy and decision makers who set up health and educational policies. This paper shows that investing in education can have positive spillovers on health. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4847
    Parallel Title: Rogers, F. Halsey No more cutting class?
    Keywords: Education ; Teachers Leaves of absence ; Education ; Teachers Leaves of absence
    Abstract: "Expanding and improving basic education in developing countries requires, at a minimum, teachers who are present in the classroom and motivated to teach, but this essential input is often missing. This paper describes the findings of a series of recent World Bank and other studies on teacher absence and incentives for performance. Surprise school visits reveal that teachers are absent at high rates in countries such as India, Indonesia, Uganda, Ecuador, and Zambia, reducing the quality of schooling for children, especially in rural, remote, and poor areas. More broadly, poor teacher management and low levels of teacher accountability afflict many developing-country education systems. The paper presents evidence on these shortcomings, but also on the types of incentives, management, and support structures that can improve motivation and performance and reduce avoidable absenteeism. It concludes with policy options for developing countries to explore as they work to meet Education for All goals and improve quality. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4854
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio (Un)bundling infrastructure procurement
    Keywords: Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply ; Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply
    Abstract: "Competition in public procurement auctions in the water supply and sanitation sector is largely limited. This is partly because of high technical complexity and partly because of auction design flaws. The division of lot contracts is an important policy choice for auctioneers to achieve efficiency. In general, there is a tradeoff between competition in auctions and size of contracts. Larger works could benefit from economies of scale and scope, but large contracts might undermine competition. Using data on public procurement auctions for water and sewage projects in developing countries, this paper shows that bidder entry is crucially endogenous, especially because it is determined by the auctioneer's bundling and unbundling strategy. If water treatment plant and distribution network works are bundled in a single lot package, competition would be significantly reduced, and this adverse entry effect would in turn raise the public procurement costs of infrastructure. There is no evidence of positive scope economies in the bidder cost structure. It is important to account for the underlying cost structure for designing efficient auction mechanisms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4880
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa
    Keywords: Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Household surveys have long been used to estimate poverty and inequality trends, as well as trends in education and health indicators, but they have not been used to the same extent to assess trends in the access to or coverage of modern infrastructure services. In this paper, we use Demographic and Health Surveys from a larger sample of sub-Saharan African countries in order to collect comparable information across countries on coverage of piped water, flush toilets, electricity, and landline telephones over time. The results suggest that coverage rates for electricity, flush toilets have improved slightly over the last decade. Coverage of piped water has declined, at the same time as coverage of landline (as well as cellular) telephone has increased rapidly. The decline has been primarily in the urban areas while the infrastructure coverage has either increased or remained stable in rural Africa. For all four services, among the poorest households coverage remains virtually inexistent. If business as usual continues, it would take a very long time to reach universal or widely shared coverage even in countries where coverage has improved. These results point to the need to increase efforts by governments and international community to progressively increase access to modern infrastructure services in Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4912
    Parallel Title: Yepes, Tito Making sense of Africa's infrastructure endowment
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The paper's objective is to explain factors underlying Africa's weak infrastructure endowment and to identify suitable infrastructure goals for the region based on benchmarking against international peers. The authors use a dataset covering the stocks of key infrastructure-including information and communication technology (ICT), power, roads, and water-across 155 developing countries over the period 1960 to 2005. The paper also examines subregional differences within Africa. They make use of regression techniques to control for a comprehensive set of economic, demographic, geographic, and historic conditioning factors, as well as adjusting for potential endogeneities. Results show that Africa lags behind all other regions of the developing world in its infrastructure endowment, except in ICT. By far the largest gaps arise in the power sector, with generating capacity and household access to electricity at half the levels observed in South Asia. While it is often assumed that Africa's infrastructure deficit is largely a reflection of its relatively low income levels, the authors find that African countries have much more limited infrastructure than income peers in other parts of the developing world. Countries that face the most challenging environment, with low population density, weak governance, and history of conflict, have the poorest infrastructure endowments. At the outset of the data series, Africa was doing significantly better than other developing regions for road density, generation capacity, and fixed-line telephones, but Africa's relative position has deteriorated over time. The most dramatic loss of ground has come in electrical generating capacity, which has stagnated since 1980. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4914
    Parallel Title: Calderón, César Infrastructure and growth in Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth in African countries. Based on econometric estimates for a sample of 136 countries from 1960-2005, the authors evaluate the impact on per capita growth of faster accumulation of infrastructure stocks and of enhancement in the quality of infrastructure services for 39 African countries in three key infrastructure sectors: telecommunications, electricity, and roads. Using an econometric technique suitable for dynamic panel data models and likely endogenous regressors, the authors find that infrastructure stocks and service quality boost economic growth. The growth payoff of reaching the infrastructure development of the African leader (Mauritius) is 1.1 percent of GDP per year in North Africa and 2.3 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, with most of the contribution coming from more, rather than better, infrastructure. Across Africa, infrastructure contributed 99 basis points to per capita economic growth, versus 68 points for other structural policies. Most of the contribution came from increases in stocks (89 basis points), versus quality improvements (10 basis points). The findings show that growth is positively affected by the volume of infrastructure stocks and the quality of infrastructure services; simulations show that our empirical findings are significant statistically and economically. Identifying areas of opportunity to generate productivity growth, the authors find that African countries are likely to gain more from larger stocks of infrastructure than from enhancements in the quality of existing infrastructure. The payoffs are largest for telephone density, electricity-generating capacity, road-network length, and road quality. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 0821378201 , 9780821378205
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 139 pages) , illustrations , 25 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Developpement humain en Afrique
    Series Statement: Document de travail de la banque mondiale no. 157
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education and state ; Education ; Educational planning
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-139)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821378406 , 0821378422 , 9780821378403 , 9780821378427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1〉) , ill., tables , 28 cm
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 336.3/435/091724
    Keywords: Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External Statistics ; Finance ; International finance ; Investments, Foreign ; Debts, External ; Finance ; International finance ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Statistics ; Investments, Foreign
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1: Review, analysis, and outlookv. 2: Summary and country tables.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 0821381393 , 9780821381397
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 76 p) , ill., maps (some col.) , 25 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 177
    DDC: 332/.042
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Hondurans Finance ; Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Hondurans Finance ; Honduras Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Honduras Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects
    Note: "On behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development , Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : Agence Française de Développement
    ISBN: 0821380419 , 0821380834 , 9780821380413 , 9780821380833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 355 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa development forum
    DDC: 363.6096
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Description / Table of Contents: Africa's infrastructure : a time for transformationThe Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic -- Meeting Africa's infrastructure needs -- Closing Africa's funding gap -- Dealing with poverty and inequality -- Building sound institutions -- Facilitating urbanization -- Deepening regional integration -- Information and communication technologies : a boost for growth -- Power : catching up -- Transport : more than the sum of its parts -- Roads : broadening the agenda -- Railways : looking for traffic -- Ports and shipping : landlords needed -- Airports and air transport : the sky's the limit -- Water resources : a common interest -- Irrigation : tapping potential -- Water supply : hitting the target? -- Sanitation : moving up the ladder.
    Note: "Presents the findings of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD)"--P. [4] of cover , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 32
    ISBN: 0821377205 , 0821377213 , 9780821377208 , 9780821377215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 257 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa human development series
    DDC: 372.16096
    Keywords: Community organization ; Education Parent participation ; Education, Primary Aims and objectives ; Rural development projects ; School buildings Design and construction ; Community organization ; Education Parent participation ; Education, Primary Aims and objectives ; Rural development projects ; School buildings Design and construction ; Community organization ; Education ; Education, Primary ; Rural development projects ; School buildings
    Note: "Education For All Fast Track Initiative , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4812
    Parallel Title: Kudo, Ines Measuring beginner reading skills
    Keywords: Education ; Reading ; Education ; Reading
    Abstract: "Based on analysis of reading performance data from 475 third-graders in Peru, this study makes recommendations on improving reading tests, choice of reading standards, and how to present the results at the school and individual levels. The paper reviews the literature on using reading skills measurement in the early grades to guide policymaking, strengthen accountability, and improve education quality. It uses data generated from the same students using two common approaches to measuring reading skills: an individually-administered oral fluency test, and a group-administered written comprehension test designed by the Ministry of Education for the 2006 universal standard test of second grade reading comprehension. These two approaches have sometimes been presented as competing alternatives, but the paper shows that it is better if they are used together, as complements. Based on psychometric analysis, the paper shows that both the oral and written tests adequately measured students' reading abilities. The results show that reading fluency and comprehension are correlated: fluent readers are more likely to understand what they read than non-fluent readers. The strength of the fluency-comprehension relationship depends on the level of fluency, the difficulty of the questions, and social characteristics of the school. The paper recommends using improved versions of both tests to evaluate early grade reading skills, as a central element of a system of accountability for results. It proposes a model for reporting test results desgned to highlight the importance of reading standards, mobilize the education community to reach them, track progress, and identify students in need of extra support. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9780821379288 , 9780821379301
    Language: French , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xciii, 234 pages) , illustrations , 26 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Document de travail de la Banque mondiale no. 165
    Series Statement: Le developpement humain en Afrique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education and state ; Education
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4909
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi Risks, ex-ante actions and public assistance
    Keywords: Education ; Human capital ; Natural disasters ; Education ; Human capital ; Natural disasters
    Abstract: "This paper examines the impacts of natural disasters on schooling investments with special focus on the roles of ex-ante actions and ex-post responses using panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Malawi. The importance of ex-ante actions depends on disaster risks and the likelihood of public assistance, which potentially creates substitution between the two actions. The findings show that higher future probabilities of disasters increase the likelihood of holding more human capital and/or livestock relative to land, and this asset-portfolio effect is significant in disaster prone areas. The empirical results support the roles of both ex-ante and ex-post responses (public assistance) in coping with disasters, but also show interesting variations across countries. In Ethiopia, public assistance plays a more important role than ex-ante actions to mitigate the impact of shocks on child schooling. In contrast, households in Malawi rely more on private ex-ante actions than public assistance. The Bangladesh example shows active roles of both ex-ante and ex-post actions. These observations are consistent with the finding on the relationship between ex-ante actions and disaster risks. The results also show that among ex-ante actions, human capital accumulated in the household prior to disasters helps mitigate the negative effects of disasters in both the short and long runs. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821372234 , 0821372238 , 9780821372241 , 0821372246
    Language: English
    Pages: vii, 78 p.
    Series Statement: Environment and development (Washington, D.C.)
    DDC: 339.4/9091724
    Keywords: Poverty Environmental aspects ; Households Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Environmental health
    Description / Table of Contents: Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-74) and index
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding poverty-environment linkages at the household level -- Poverty and environmental change at the macro scale -- Environmental management and pathways to household welfare -- Scope of the report -- Some key conclusions -- Local natural resources, poverty, and degradation: examining empirical regularities -- The importance of environmental income to the poor -- Commons as a source of insurance -- The effect of growth on local resource use -- Welfare impacts of degradation -- The role of poverty in environmental change -- Conclusions -- Health outcomes and environmental pathogens -- Theoretical linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions -- Empirical evidence of linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions -- How robust are the empirical findings? -- Conclusions and tentative policy implications -- Household welfare and policy reforms -- Selected policy reforms: evidence from case studies -- Challenges and data limitations -- Conclusions -- Directions for change -- Use of local natural resources -- Design principles for improving environmental health -- Better data for monitoring change -- Policy reforms for managing the environment and reducing poverty -- Moving forward
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
    ISBN: 0821376012 , 0821376020 , 9780821376010 , 9780821376027
    Language: English
    Pages: xxvi, 195 p.
    DDC: 332.63/230954
    Keywords: Bond market ; Finance ; Südasien
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4712
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César Infrastructure and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "An adequate supply of infrastructure services has long been viewed by both academics and policy makers as a key ingredient for economic development. Sub-Saharan Africa ranks consistently at the bottom of all developing regions in terms of infrastructure performance, and an increasing number of observers point to deficient infrastructure as a major obstacle for growth and poverty reduction across the region. This paper offers an empirical assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth and inequality, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper uses a comparative cross-regional perspective to place Africa's experience in the international context. Drawing from an updated data set of infrastructure quantity and quality indicators covering more than 100 countries and spanning the years 1960-2005, the paper estimates empirical growth and inequality equations including a standard set of control variables augmented by infrastructure quantity and quality measures, and controlling for the potential endogeneity of the latter. The estimates illustrate the potential contribution of infrastructure development to growth and equity across Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/18/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9780821374092 , 9780821374108
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 351 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    DDC: 363.6098
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities Finance ; Public utilities Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities Finance ; Public utilities Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Setting the stage -- Learning from the existing literature -- Filling the gaps with new datasets and methodologies -- The impact on electricity distribution -- The impact on fixed line telecommunications -- The impact on water and sewerage -- An assessment of the electricity distribution performance of private and public utilities -- Determinants of impact: regulatory and contract variables -- Conclusions and moving forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-328) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821373048 , 0821373056 , 9780821373040 , 9780821373057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 284 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 333.79/17
    Keywords: Energy policy ; Industries Energy conservation ; Finance ; Industries Energy consumption ; Energy policy ; Industries Energy conservation ; Finance ; Industries Energy consumption ; Energy policy ; Industries ; Industries
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-264) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821374486 , 9780821374481
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 125 p) , col. ill., col. map , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 362.196/979200967
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; World Bank ; World Bank ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) International cooperation ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Tables economics ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Tables prevention & control ; HIV Infections Tables economics ; HIV Infections Tables prevention & control ; International Agencies Tables ; International Cooperation Tables ; Regional Health Planning Tables ; AIDS (Disease) Economic aspects ; AIDS (Disease) International cooperation ; AIDS (Disease) Prevention ; Finance ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Tables economics ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Tables prevention & control ; HIV Infections Tables economics ; HIV Infections Tables prevention & control ; International Agencies Tables ; International Cooperation Tables ; Regional Health Planning Tables ; World Bank ; World Bank ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; AIDS (Disease) ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV Infections ; HIV Infections ; International Agencies ; International Cooperation ; Regional Health Planning
    Description / Table of Contents: The diagnosis -- The Bank's response to date -- Strategic challenges in the new environment -- The agenda for action 2007-2011 -- Operational implications for the Bank.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821370179 , 0821370170 , 9780821370186
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 147 p
    Series Statement: World Bank country study
    DDC: 370.985
    Keywords: Erziehung ; Education ; Educational indicators
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-147)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9780821370643 , 0821370642
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (lvi, 217 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Series Statement: Seriee Development humain de la religion Afrique
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 370.96623
    Keywords: Education ; Education and state
    Note: Summary in English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821366866 , 9780821366868
    Language: English
    Pages: xxi, 141 p.
    DDC: 338.9009172/4
    Keywords: World Bank ; Weltbank ; Entwicklungsländer ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Economic development projects ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungsländer ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Weltbank
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 131) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 45
    ISBN: 0821366823 , 0821366831
    Language: English
    Pages: xi, 42 p
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 84
    DDC: 333.91/409664
    Keywords: Bumbuna Hydroelectric Project ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Communication in rural development ; Water-power ; Hydroelectric power plants
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821368688 , 0821368680 , 0821368699
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 207 p
    DDC: 370.9664
    Keywords: Erziehung ; Education ; Bildungswesen ; Sierra Leone ; Sierra Leone ; Bildungswesen
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3907
    Parallel Title: Reshef, Ariell Trade and harmonization
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; International trade ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; International trade
    Abstract: "Good institutional quality (function) and similar institutional design (form) can promote international trade by reducing transactions costs. The authors evaluate the relative importance of function versus form in a gravity model, using an indicator of different legal systems as a proxy for differences in form, together with indicators of overall institutional quality. They find that good institutions promote trade much more than similar legal systems and have much more explanatory power. This effect is economically large-up to 10 times the effect of different legal systems. Moreover, better infrastructure matters as much as good institutions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3943
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Is cost recovery a feasible objective for water and electricity?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public utilities ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public utilities
    Abstract: "Given the relatively small segment of the population that faces genuine affordability problems in Latin America, there appears to be a promising case for using targeted subsidies to reconcile the cost recovery objective with social protection concerns. Social tariff schemes of various kinds are already widespread in Latin America, but they suffer from a number of design flaws. Increasing block tariff (IBT) structures are the most prevalent form of social tariffs in the region. These are likely to be more successful in the electricity sector than in the water sector because the correlation between consumption and income is much stronger in the case of electricity than water. Moreover, IBT structures in electricity tend to be much better designed than in the case of water, with lower fixed charges, lower subsistence blocks, and steeper gradients. A number of more sophisticated social tariff schemes are also being applied that combine consumption criteria with some form of socioeconomic screening. These are generally found to perform better than IBTs, although they also present significant room for improvement. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/28/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3950
    Parallel Title: Auriol, Emmanuelle Infrastructure and public utilities privatization in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities
    Abstract: "The paper analyzes governments' tradeoff between fiscal benefits and consumer surplus in privatization reforms of noncompetitive industries in developing countries. Under privatization, the control rights are transferred to private interests so that public subsidies decline. This benefit for tax-payers comes at the cost of price increases for consumers. In developing countries, tight budget constraints imply that privatization may be optimal for low profitability segments. For highly profitable public utilities, the combination of allocative inefficiency and critical budgetary conditions may favor public ownership. Finally, once a market segment gives room for more than one firm, governments prefer to regulate the industry. In the absence of a credible regulatory agency, regulation is achieved through public ownership. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/28/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3957
    Parallel Title: Aggarwal, Reena Do workers' remittances promote financial development ?
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Finance ; Emigrant remittances ; Finance
    Abstract: "Workers' remittances to developing countries have become the second largest type of flows after foreign direct investment. The authors use data on workers' remittance flows to 99 developing countries from 1975-2003 to study the impact of remittances on financial sector development. In particular, they examine whether remittances contribute to increasing the aggregate level of deposits and credit intermediated by the local banking sector. This is an important question considering the extensive literature that has documented the growth-enhancing and poverty-reducing effects of financial development. The findings provide strong support for the notion that remittances promote financial development in developing countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3963
    Parallel Title: Torre, Augusto de la Financial development in Latin America
    Keywords: Finance ; Finance
    Abstract: "This paper argues that the dominant policy paradigm on financial development is increasingly insufficient to address big emerging issues that are particularly relevant for financial systems in Latin America. This paradigm was shaped over the past decades by a fundamental shift in thinking toward market-based financial development and a complex process of financial crises interpretation. The result has been a richly textured policy paradigm focused on promoting financial stability and the convergence to international standards. It argues, however, that there is a growing dissonance between the current paradigm and the emerging issues, which is illustrated by discussing challenges in three areas: stock markets, small and medium enterprise loans, and defined-contribution pension funds. The paper concludes that the dominant policy paradigm is ill-suited to provide significant guidance in relation to the big emerging issues. It emphasizes the need to take a fresh look at the evidence, improve the diagnoses, revisit expectations, and revise the paradigm. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3955
    Parallel Title: Demirguç-Kunt, Asli Finance and economic development
    Keywords: Finance ; Finance ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Abstract: "The empirical literature on finance and development suggests that countries with better developed financial systems experience faster economic growth. Financial development-as captured by size, depth, efficiency, and reach of financial systems-varies sharply around the world, with large differences among countries at similar levels of income. This paper argues that governments play an important role in building effective financial systems and discusses different policy options to make finance work for development. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3825
    Parallel Title: Bogetic, Željko International benchmarking of Lesotho's infrastructure performance
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The author provides a preliminary benchmarking of infrastructure performance in Lesotho in four major sectors--electricity, water and sanitation, information and communication technology, and road transportation--against the relevant group of comparator countries using a new World Bank international data base with objective and perception-based indicators of infrastructure performance from over 200 countries. The results of the benchmarking are revealing of several major, comparative deficiencies in infrastructure performance in Lesotho: (1) extremely low access to electricity and its affordability; (2) poor coverage, quality, and the cost of local (non-cellular) telephony; and (3) poor quality of roads. Infrastructure service delivery in electricity, telephony, and roads is well below what would be expected, on average, for a country in Lesotho's income group. In these sectors, Lesotho also compares unfavorably with many other geographical country groups. Unless addressed, such infrastructure shortfalls are likely to adversely affect the welfare of Lesotho's poor, and the cost competitiveness and growth prospects of a range of economic sectors (such as tourism and trade) that depend critically on a stable and competitive supply of basic infrastructure service. They could also affect the speed and quality of Lesotho's regional economic integration within the South Africa Customs Union (SACU) sub-region with attendant consequences for the long-term growth of regional trade and real output. By contrast, Lesotho's performance is solid in the access to improved water and sanitation, in the aggregate and in both rural and urban areas. Finally, this benchmarking, combined with more in-depth, sector analyses, could provide policymakers in Lesotho a useful guide to the areas of infrastructure performance requiring attention. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/17/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3830
    Parallel Title: Bogetic, Željko International benchmarking of South Africa's infrastructure performance
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The paper provides a first systematic, comprehensive benchmarking of South Africa's infrastructure performance in four major sectors--electricity, water and sanitation, information and communication technology, and transportation--against the relevant group of comparator countries using a new World Bank international data base with objective and perception-based indicators of infrastructure performance from over 200 countries. Specifically, the paper seeks to answer a number of relevant questions: How does South Africa compare on major indicators of infrastructure sector performance against the relevant country groups? What do outcome indicators tell us about the relative strengths and weaknesses of South Africa's infrastructure compared with various income and geographical comparator groups of countries? Where are the largest deviations-positive and negative-from the benchmarks and other comparators? And how does one interpret some of these comparisons to be useful for policy purposes? "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/26/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3938
    Parallel Title: Beck, Thorsten Creating a more efficient financial system
    Keywords: Banks and banking Government policy ; Finance ; Banks and banking Government policy ; Finance
    Abstract: "While Bangladesh has embarked on a path to reform its financial system, most prominently by privatizing its government-owned banks, the Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), a sustainable long-term expansion of the financial system requires a more substantial change in the role of government. Using recent research and international comparisons, this paper argues that the government should move from its role as an operator and arbiter in the financial system to a facilitator role. This implies not only divestment from government-owned banks, but also de-politicization of the licensing process and a market-based bank failure resolution framework that focuses on intermediation and not on the rescue of individual institutions. Most important, the government should move away from the implicit guarantee for depositors and owners to applying the existing limited explicit deposit insurance for depositors, while simultaneously relying more on market participants to monitor and discipline banks instead of micro-managing financial institutions. This redefinition of government's role should not be limited to the banking system, but applies to other segments of the financial system, such as capital markets and the micro-finance sector, and should be seen as an essential element in the governance reform agenda and in the movement from a relationship-based economy to a market and arms-length economy. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/30/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3989
    Parallel Title: Fedderke, Johannes W Infrastructure and growth in South Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; South Africa Economic conditions ; South Africa Economic conditions
    Abstract: "Empirical explorations of the growth and productivity impacts of infrastructure have been characterized by ambiguous (countervailing signs) results with little robustness. A number of explanations of the contradictory findings have been proposed. These range from the crowd-out of private by public sector investment, non-linearities generating the possibility of infrastructure overprovision, simultaneity between infrastructure provision and growth, and the possibility of multiple (hence indirect) channels of influence between infrastructure and productivity improvements. The authors explore these possibilities using panel data for South Africa over the 1970-2000 period, and a range of 19 infrastructure measures. Using a number of alternative measures of productivity, the prevalence of ambiguous (countervailing signs) results, with little systematic pattern is also shown to hold for their data set in estimations that include the infrastructure measures in simple growth frameworks. The authors demonstrate that controlling for potential endogeneity of infrastructure in estimation robustly eliminates virtually all evidence of ambiguous impacts of infrastructure, due for example to possible overinvestment in infrastructure. Controlling for the possibility of endogeneity in the infrastructure measures renders the impact of infrastructure capital not only positive, but of economically meaningful magnitudes. These findings are invariant between the direct impact of infrastructure on labor productivity, and the indirect impact of infrastructure on total factor productivity. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3997
    Parallel Title: Araujo, M. Caridad Local inequality and project choice
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments
    Abstract: "This paper provides evidence consistent with elite capture of Social Fund investment projects in Ecuador. Exploiting a unique combination of data-sets on village-level income distributions, Social Fund project administration, and province level electoral results, the authors test a simple model of project choice when local political power is unequally distributed. In accordance with the predictions of the model, poorer villages are more likely to receive projects that provide excludable (private) goods to the poor, such as latrines. Controlling for poverty, more unequal communities are less likely to receive such projects. Consistent with the hypothesis of elite capture, these results are sensitive to the specific measure of inequality used in the empirical analysis, and are strongest for expenditure shares at the top of the distribution. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/6/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821362410 , 0821362429
    Language: English
    Pages: xvii, 92 p.
    DDC: 332.1/532/096
    Keywords: World Bank Evaluation ; Weltbank ; Economic development projects Evaluation ; Public administration ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Kapazitätsmanagement ; Afrika ; Afrika ; Afrika ; Weltbank ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Kapazitätsmanagement
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-92)
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3689
    Parallel Title: Noumba Um, Paul Private participation in infrastructure projects in the Republic of Korea
    Keywords: Capital investments ; Financial crises ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Capital investments ; Financial crises ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization
    Abstract: "In the aftermath of the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, the government of the Republic of Korea published a Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Act to remove the main impediments to private investment in infrastructure sectors. The implementation of the Act was followed by a steady increase in the number of PPI projects, thus spurring the modernization of the main infrastructure facilities in transport, water, electricity, and telecommunications. Despite this progress, the Korean PPI market still faces critical challenges that are probably related to its nascent stage of development. The market is dominated by five construction and engineering firms, but lacks world-class project developers. At the same time, the procurement of PPI projects takes on average four years, and competition in tenders is limited. The number of unsolicited proposals is abnormally high, whereas the number of solicited proposals remains flat. The participation of foreign firms is very limited despite the size of the market and the number of projects awarded. Although local financing is available, the maturity of financing instruments does not exceed five years for most corporate papers, and 10 years for government bonds. This paper reviews the procurement of PPI projects in Korea and benchmarks it to international best practices before proposing options for its improvement. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/25/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3789
    Parallel Title: Lasagabaster, Esperanza Sri Lanka's migrant labor remittances
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Emigrant remittances ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Remittances-money sent home by immigrant workers abroad-are hugely beneficial to Sri Lanka. Migrants' remittances have grown dramatically in recent years and are now estimated at US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3513
    Parallel Title: Benitez, Daniel A How concentrated are global infrastructure markets?
    Keywords: Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "In infrastructure, the possibility of a positive relationship between operators' profitability and the degree of concentration is a major political issue in view of the wide diversity of feelings about the potential role of the private sector. This is particularly important because of (1) the large residual degree of monopolies, (2) the protection they are granted through exclusivity clauses built in service delivery contracts, and (3) the widespread sense that the same operators tend to be present in most of the privatized operations. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a first set of quantitative assessments of the degree of concentration in infrastructure at the global and the regional levels. Concentration issues were identified in only about 20 percent of the cases studied, and a presumption of concentration was found in another 30 percent of the cases. Benitez and Estache find no correlation between the degree of concentration and the degree of reform adopted by a region or a sector. In more general terms, they find no scope for simple encompassing regional or sectoral statements because issues are region- and sector-specific. The authors conclude by arguing that there are a few cases and regions in which it would make sense for a supranational competition or regulation agency to ensure that the interests of the users are protected more effectively against the risks of collusion and other types of anti-competitive behaviors local regulators would not be equipped to address. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to document the state of the sector"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3515
    Parallel Title: Trujillo, Lourdes Reforms and infrastructure efficiency in Spain's container ports
    Keywords: Container terminals ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Container terminals ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Serrano and Trujillo quantify the evolution of technical efficiency in port infrastructure service provision in the major Spanish port authorities involved in container traffic. They also analyze the extent to which port reforms that took place in the 1990s had an impact on the efficiency of the Spanish container ports. Because of the multi-output nature of port activities, the authors have estimated a distance function, which is a novel methodology in the study of the port industry. Their results show that the reforms resulted in significant improvements in technological change, but that technical efficiency has in fact changed little on average. But there is a significant movement of the efficiency within ports over time as a result of these reforms. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to document the impact of regulatory reform"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3629
    Parallel Title: Suescun, Rodrigo Fiscal space for investment in infrastructure in Colombia
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Fiscal policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Colombia Economic policy ; Colombia Economic policy
    Abstract: "For the evaluation of macroeconomic policies Colombian authorities rely heavily, if not exclusively, on the operational framework known as the Financial Programming Model developed by the International Monetary Fund in the 1950s. Based on this static framework, the formulation of fiscal policy in the country, just as in various Latin American countries, focuses primarily on fiscal deficit and gross debt targets. However, the type of fiscal policy advice derived from it is not useful for understanding the asset-creating nature and the inter-temporal tradeoffs involved in public investment decisions. The author develops a perfect foresight, dynamic small open economy model to provide an alternative framework for fiscal analysis and policy purposes. He shows that the two competing frameworks deliver differing paths for the expected behavior of the Colombian economy. He then uses the proposed framework to study the likely consequences of using public capital spending to achieve deficit targets since, in addition to an already high public debt, in the years ahead unfunded pension obligations will put enormous pressure on the Colombian government's solvency. The results indicate that public capital compression is costly in terms of foregone growth and very ineffective in achieving fiscal consolidation. The adoption of fiscal rules such as the golden rule or the permanent balance rule to shield public investment from undue budgetary pressures makes little sense in the presence of sustainability concerns. The author shows that a transitory capital spending increase is not self-amortizing in the long run; hence an extra peso of public capital spending deteriorates the inter-temporal fiscal position. A permanent increase largely pays for itself in terms of additional tax revenue but this effect is offset by a deterioration of infrastructure user charges, as long as public prices are determined competitively. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/22/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3661
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Public infrastructure and private investment in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Investments ; Investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Investments ; Investments
    Abstract: "The authors examine the impact of public infrastructure on private capital formation in three countries of the Middle East and North Africa-Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. They highlight various channels through which public infrastructure may affect private investment. Then they describe their empirical framework, which is based on a vector autoregression (VAR) model that accounts for flows and (quality-adjusted) stocks of public infrastructure, private investment, as well as changes in output, private sector credit, and the real exchange rate. The authors propose two aggregate measures of the quality of public infrastructure and use principal components to derive a composite indicator. Their analysis suggests that public infrastructure has both "flow" and "stock" effects on private investment in Egypt, but only a "stock" effect in Jordan and Tunisia. But these effects are small and short-lived, reflecting the unfavorable environment for private investment in their sample of countries. Reducing unproductive public capital expenditure and improving quality must be accompanied by policy reforms aimed at limiting investment to infrastructure capital that crowds in the private sector and corrects for fundamental market failures. This will entail privatization and greater involvement of the private sector in infrastructure investment. While infrastructure (in the form of the provision of critical telecommunications, transport, and energy services) is important, other improvements in the environment in which domestic investment is conducted are crucial. These include the need to provide financing on adequate terms and guarantee a secure and efficient justice system. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3470
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Ppi partnerships versus ppi divorces in developing countries (or are we switching from pppi to ppdi?)
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Abstract: "Thirty years ago, in 1974, Chile launched the first large-scale privatization in a developing country. About 15 years later, Argentina provided a new model of global infrastructure management. Since then a variety of public-private partnerships in infrastructure have been adopted throughout the developing and transition world. These experiences add up to a large and heterogeneous enough sample of experiences from which some fairly robust conclusions on who benefited from the reforms and who did not. Because many of these experiences are also turning sour and the 'privatization' fad of the 1990s seems to be turning into an 'antiprivatization' fad, it seems important to separate facts from emotions. Estache argues that the wide differences in interpretations of the facts can be explained by wide differences in the assessment criteria used by analysts, including the definition of the baseline data chosen to assess the incremental effect of reforms. It is also driven by the sectors, the regions, and probably most important, the actors on which the analysis tends to focus. Once all these factors have been considered, a relatively fair and quantitative assessment of the prospects of the public-private relationship in infrastructure is possible. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate a debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure reforms"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3660
    Parallel Title: Feijen, Erik Do incumbents manipulate access to finance during banking crises?
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Finance ; Financial crises ; Political corruption ; Banks and banking ; Finance ; Financial crises ; Political corruption
    Abstract: "The author tests the hypothesis that during systemic banking crises, access to finance is opportunistically tightened by incumbents to eliminate or weaken competition from mainly young firms. He finds this to be especially true in more corrupt countries. To do so, he uses a methodology similar to Rajan and Zingales (1998) on three-digit manufacturing industry-level data provided by the United Nations Statistics Division for about 15 industrial and developing countries in over 20 industries on average. The author shows that price-cost margins in externally more financially dependent industries are higher during crisis than in externally less dependent industries in countries with higher levels of corruption. He finds the opposite relationship for the change in the industry-level number of establishments during a crisis. The results withstand an array of robustness checks, including using different indices of corruption, different controls, and robust estimation techniques. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3781
    Parallel Title: Flyvbjerg, Bent Policy and planning for large infrastructure projects
    Keywords: Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "This paper focuses on problems and their causes and cures in policy and planning for large infrastructure projects. First, it identifies as the main problem in major infrastructure development pervasive misinformation about the costs, benefits, and risks involved. A consequence of misinformation is massive cost overruns, benefit shortfalls, and waste. Second, the paper explores the causes of misinformation and finds that political-economic explanations best account for the available evidence: planners and promoters deliberately misrepresent costs, benefits, and risks in order to increase the likelihood that it is their projects, and not the competition's, that gain approval and funding. This results in the "survival of the unfittest," where often it is not the best projects that are built, but the most misrepresented ones. Finally, the paper presents measures for reforming policy and planning for large infrastructure projects, with a focus on better planning methods and changed governance structures, the latter being more important. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/2/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 0821359657
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 103 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A country framework report
    DDC: 363.6/0967571
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 103)
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  • 69
    ISBN: 0821360175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 140 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A country framework report
    DDC: 363/.09673
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Angola ; Angola Economic conditions ; Angola Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3199
    Parallel Title: Thorburn, Craig On the measurement of solvency of insurance companies
    Keywords: Finance ; Insurance companies ; Finance ; Insurance companies
    Note: "January 23, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 27, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3274
    Parallel Title: Ehrhardt, David Avoiding customer and taxpayer bailouts in private infrastructure projects
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public contracts ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public contracts
    Note: "April 12, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 15, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3323
    Parallel Title: Taye Mengistae Investment climate and international integration
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; International economic integration ; Investments, Foreign ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; International economic integration ; Investments, Foreign
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3365
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Private provision of rural infrastructure services
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Subsidies ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Subsidies ; Developing countries Rural conditions ; Developing countries Rural conditions
    Abstract: "Market-oriented reforms of infrastructure in developing countries tend to focus primarily on commercially viable services in urban areas. Nevertheless, an increasing number of countries are beginning to experiment with extending the market paradigm to infrastructure services in rural areas that are often less attractive in commercial terms. In these cases, subsidies are used to close the gap between market requirements and development needs, and are increasingly determined and allocated on a competitive basis. The authors discuss the conditions under which competition among firms for such subsidies successfully used in the telecommunications sector in a number of middle-income countries could also be applied to electricity, water and sanitation, and transportation services in lower-income countries. This paper is a product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/6/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3373
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Are returns to private infrastructure in developing countries consistent with risks since the Asian crisis?
    Keywords: Business cycles ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Business cycles ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache and Pinglo present a basic assessment of the financial performance of infrastructure service operators in developing countries. They rely on a new database of 120 companies put together to track the evolution of the cost of capital, the cost of equity, and the return of equity for electricity, water and sanitation, railways, and port operators in 32 developing countries distributed evenly across low-income, low-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries. The authors show that between 1998 and 2002, the average cost of capital in developing countries varied from less than 11 percent to over 15 percent across regions and sectors, while the cost of equity varied from around 13 percent to over 22 percent. Low-middle-income countries have recovered relatively well from the East Asia crisis, while low-income and upper-middle-income countries have seen their situation deteriorate since the crisis. At the regional level, the main story is that East Asia is recovering quite well from its crisis, and that the financial performance of the operators in Africa and Latin America has deteriorated. Eastern Europe and South Asia are doing relatively better but show a large volatility of returns over time and within sectors. At the sector level, the railways and the energy sectors have seen their performance deteriorate significantly over the period, while the water and port sectors have done relatively better. In all sectors and regions, the average return to equity has been lower than the cost of equity since the Asian crisis. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to generate quantitative information on infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3362
    Parallel Title: Walque, Damien de Education, information, and smoking decisions
    Keywords: Education ; Smoking ; Education ; Smoking
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/9/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3416
    Parallel Title: Bayraktar, Nihal Foreign bank entry, performance of domestic banks, and sequence of financial liberalization
    Keywords: Banks and banking ; Banks and banking, Foreign ; Finance ; Banks and banking ; Banks and banking, Foreign ; Finance
    Abstract: "The openness or internationalization of financial services is a complex issue because it is closely related to structural reforms in the domestic financial sector with some perceived implications for macroeconomic stability. Bayraktar and Wang investigate the impact of foreign bank entry on the performance of domestic banks and how this relationship is affected by the sequence of financial liberalization. Their data set is constructed from the BankScope database, including 30 industrial and developing countries, and covering the period from 1995 to 2002. The authors apply panel data regressions by pooling all countries together, and by grouping countries according to the sequence of their financial liberalization. One observation based on descriptive analysis is that the degree of openness to foreign bank entry varies a great deal, which is not correlated with average income levels or with GDP growth. Second, the sequence of financial liberalization matters for the performance of the domestic banking sector: After controlling for macroeconomic variables and grouping countries by their sequence of liberalization, foreign bank entry has significantly improved domestic bank competitiveness in countries that liberalized their stock market first. In these countries, both profit and cost indicators are negatively related to the share of foreign banks. Countries that liberalized their capital account first seem to have benefited less from foreign bank entry compared with the other two sets of countries. This paper a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division, World Bank Institute is part of a larger effort in the institute to develop materials for capacity building on trade in financial services"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/23/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3420
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Have consumers benefited from the reforms in the electricity distribution sector in Latin America?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache and Rossi bring new empirical evidence on the impact of the choice of ownership and regulatory regime on firms' productivity and prices paid by consumers. They collect the evidence from a sample of electricity distribution companies in Latin America. The authors rely on estimations of labor and operation and maintenance (O&M) input requirement functions using alternative econometric approaches. Their main conclusions are: Private firms perform better (approximately 30 percent) than public firms. The regulatory regimes matter, so that price-cap regulated firms do better than rate-of-return regulated firms, and firms regulated under hybrid regimes have intermediate performance. Private firms operating under rate of return are at most as efficient as public firms. There is no clear pattern of differences in electricity prices according to the regulatory regime. Final prices fell in general but the drop did not match the productivity gains, implying that the operators and the state share some of the gains in the form of rents and higher tax revenue, respectively. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to promote analytical work on emerging policy issues in infrastructure service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3422
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Toward a social policy for Argentina's infrastructure sectors
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Argentina was a pioneer of infrastructure reform in the early 1990s. The social dimension of infrastructure services was typically overlooked in the reform process. However, social sensitivities often resurfaced in the years that followed, leading to a series of ad hoc social policy measures that cumulatively amount to US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3421
    Parallel Title: Laffont, Jean-Jacques Universal service obligations in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Estache, Laffont, and Zhang develop a model to analyze the effects of asymmetric information on optimal universal service policy in the public utilities of developing countries. Optimal universal service policy is implemented using two regulatory instruments pricing and network investment. Under discriminatory pricing, asymmetric information leads to a higher price and smaller network in the rural area than under full information. Under uniform pricing, the price is lower but the network is even smaller. In addition, under both pricing regimes, not only the firm but also taxpayers have incentives to collude with the regulator. This paper a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network is part of a larger effort in the network to promote analytical work on emerging policy issues in infrastructure service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/1/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3442
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Emerging infrastructure policy issues in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor
    Abstract: "Estache reviews the recent economic research on emerging issues for infrastructure policies affecting poor people in developing countries. His main purpose is to identify some of the challenges the international community, and donors in particular, are likely to have to address over the next few years. He addresses six main issues: (1) the necessity of infrastructure in achieving the Millennium Development Goals; (2) the various dimensions of financing challenges for infrastructure; (3) the debate on the relative importance of urban and rural infrastructure needs; (4) the debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure decentralization; (5) what works and what does not when trying to target the needs of the poor, with an emphasis on affordability and regulation challenges; and (6) the importance of governance and corruption in the sector. The author concludes by showing how the challenges identified define a relatively well integrated agenda for both researchers and the international infrastructure community. This paper,a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network,is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate more analytical assessments of emerging issues in the sector"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/17/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3453
    Parallel Title: Di Gropello, Emanuela Education decentralization and accountability relationships in Latin America
    Keywords: Education ; Schools Decentralization ; Education ; Schools Decentralization
    Abstract: "Di Gropello analyzes decentralization reforms in the education sector in Latin America (their status, impact, and ongoing challenges) by making use of the accountability framework developed by the World Development Report 2004: Making Services Work for Poor People. She starts by identifying three main groups of models according to the subnational actors involved, the pattern adopted in the distribution of functions across subnational actors, and the accountability system central to the model. She then reviews the impact of these models according to the available empirical evidence, and explores determinants of this impact, extracting lessons useful to the design of future reforms. The author concludes that the single most important factor in ensuring the success or failure of a reform is the way the accountability relationships are set to work within each of the models and provides some lessons on how to get these relationships to work effectively. She also provides three main general lessons for selecting 'successful' models: (1) avoid complicated models; (2) increase school autonomy and the scope for 'client power, 'maintaining a clear role for the other accountability relationships; and (3) place more emphasis on the 'management 'accountability relationship and the sustainability of the models. This paper--a product of the Human Development Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to assess the effectiveness of service delivery"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3459
    Parallel Title: Sakellariou, Chris N Economic volatility and returns to education in Venezuela
    Keywords: Education ; Labor supply ; Education ; Labor supply
    Abstract: "Preliminary evidence suggests that the rates of return to education in Venezuela have been declining since the 1970s. Patrinos and Sakellariou rigorously estimate the returns to education in Venezuela for the period 1992-2002 and link them to earlier available estimates from the 1980s. They use consistent cross-sections from the Encuesta de Hogares por Muestro to document falling returns to schooling and educational levels until the mid-1990s, followed by increasing returns thereafter. The authors use quantile regression analysis to provide further insight into the within skill group changes in returns over time. This paper--a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to estimate the labor market outcomes of education"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3460
    Parallel Title: Sakellariou, Chris N Schooling and labor market impacts of a natural policy experiment
    Keywords: Education ; Labor market ; Education ; Labor market
    Abstract: "Patrinos and Sakellariou use a nationally representative household survey to estimate returns to schooling in Venezuela from instrumental variables based on a supply-side intervention in the education market. These estimates apply to a subgroup of liquidity-constrained individuals, in the spirit of the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) literature. Returns to schooling estimates which apply to a subgroup of individuals affected by the policy intervention may be more interesting from a policy perspective than the return to the 'average' individual. The authors use an instrument based on the 1980 education reform (the Organic Law of Education) which provided for nine years of compulsory basic education. They also obtain alternative estimates using father's education as an instrument, in an attempt to derive high and low estimates of returns to schooling in Venezuela. The estimates are consistent with recent findings suggesting that the effect of education, at least for certain subgroups affected by a policy intervention, is as large or larger than what is suggested by OLS estimates. This paper--a product of the Education Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to estimate the labor market outcomes of education"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3292
    Parallel Title: Burns, Phil Regulatory instruments and their effects on investment behavior
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments
    Note: "April 22, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 10, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3330
    Parallel Title: Canals-Cerda, Jose The dynamics of school and work in rural Bangladesh
    Keywords: Education ; Rural children Employment ; Education ; Rural children Employment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3363
    Parallel Title: Fuchs, Michael Structural issues in the Kenyan financial system
    Keywords: Finance ; Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 7/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3245
    Parallel Title: Gradstein, Mark Educational expansion
    Keywords: Education ; Education and globalization ; Education ; Education and globalization
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3321
    Parallel Title: Verner, Dorte Education and its poverty-reducing effects
    Keywords: Education ; Poverty ; Education ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/4/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3400
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César The effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution
    Keywords: Economic development ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Economic development ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Calderán and Serven provide an empirical evaluation of the impact of infrastructure development on economic growth and income distribution using a large panel data set encompassing over 100 countries and spanning the years 1960-2000. The empirical strategy involves the estimation of simple equations for GDP growth and conventional inequality measures, augmented to include, among the regressors, infrastructure quantity and quality indicators, in addition to standard controls. To account for the potential endogeneity of infrastructure (as well as that of other regressors), the authors use a variety of generalized-method-of-moments (GMM) estimators based on both internal and external instruments and report results using both disaggregated and synthetic measures of infrastructure quantity and quality. The two robust results are: (1) growth is positively affected by the stock of infrastructure assets, and (2) income inequality declines with higher infrastructure quantity and quality. A variety of specification tests suggests that these results do capture the causal impact of the exogenous component of infrastructure quantity and quality on growth and inequality. These two results combined suggest that infrastructure development can be highly effective to combat poverty. Furthermore, illustrative simulations for Latin American countries suggest that these impacts are economically quite significant and highlight the growth acceleration and inequality reduction that would result from increased availability and quality of infrastructure. This paper a joint product of the Finance, Private Sector, and Infrastructure Department and the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region is part of a larger effort in the region to assess the effects of infrastructure development"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/8/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3446
    Parallel Title: Walque, Damien de The long-term legacy of the Khmer Rouge period in Cambodia
    Keywords: Education ; Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Education ; Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Cambodia Politics and government 1975-1979 ; Cambodia Politics and government 1975-1979
    Abstract: "De Walque studies the long-term impact of genocide during the period of the Khmer Rouge (1975-79) in Cambodia and contributes to the literature on the economic analysis of conflict. Using mortality data for siblings from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey in 2000, he shows that excess mortality was extremely high and heavily concentrated during 1974-80. Adult males had been the most likely to die, indicating that violent death played a major role. Individuals with an urban or educated background were more likely to die. Infant mortality was also at very high levels during the period, and disability rates from landmines or other weapons were high for males who, given their birth cohort, were exposed to this risk. The very high and selective mortality had a major impact on the population structure of Cambodia. Fertility and marriage rates were very low under the Khmer Rouge but rebounded immediately after the regime's collapse. Because of the shortage of eligible males, the age and education differences between partners tended to decline. The period had a lasting impact on the educational attainment of the population. The education system collapsed during the period, so individuals--especially males--who were of schooling age during this interval had a lower educational attainment than the preceding and subsequent birth cohorts. This paper--a product of the Public Services Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the consequences of conflict"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3468
    Parallel Title: Briceño-Garmendia, Cecilia Infrastructure services in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments
    Abstract: "Briceno, Estache, and Shafik review the evidence on the state of infrastructure in the developing world, emphasizing the investment needs and the emerging policy issues. While their assessment is seriously constrained by data gaps, they provide useful insights on the main challenges ahead, emphasizing that, in addition to the widely discussed access problems, the poorest also face major affordability and service quality issues which were not well addressed by the reforms of the 1990s. The authors make a case for a stronger commitment of the international community to generate the information needed to assess and monitor infrastructure needs and policies. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to upgrade economic and policy work in infrastructure"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 0821350706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 306 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A World Bank policy research report
    DDC: 363.6
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities Government policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities Government policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-306)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
    ISBN: 0821362054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 91 p) , col. ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: A country framework report
    DDC: 363.6/096885
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3037
    Parallel Title: Pargal, Sheoli Regulation and private sector investment in infrastructure
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments Law and legislation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments Law and legislation
    Note: "April 17, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on April 22, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3161
    Parallel Title: Raddatz, Claudio E Liquidity needs and vulnerability to financial underdevelopment
    Keywords: Finance ; Liquidity (Economics) ; Finance ; Liquidity (Economics)
    Note: "November 5, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on November 6, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3177
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Does infrastructure reform work for the poor?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Poor
    Note: "December 10, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on December 12, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3010
    Parallel Title: Murrugarra, Edmundo Vulnerability in consumption, education, and health
    Keywords: Consumption (Economics) ; Education ; Financial crises ; Medical care ; Consumption (Economics) ; Education ; Financial crises ; Medical care
    Note: "March 27, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 27, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3027
    Parallel Title: Boyreau-Debray, Genevieve Financial intermediation and growth
    Keywords: Finance ; Intermediation (Finance) ; Finance ; Intermediation (Finance)
    Note: "April 15, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on April 22, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3006
    Parallel Title: Gauri, Varun Social rights and economics
    Keywords: Education ; Health services accessibility ; Social rights ; Education ; Health services accessibility ; Social rights
    Note: "March 20, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 25, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3155
    Parallel Title: Yemtsov, Ruslan Evaluating the impact of infrastructure rehabilitation projects on household welfare in rural Georgia
    Keywords: Households ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Rural poor ; Households ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Rural poor
    Note: "October 9, 2003 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on October 10, 2003 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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