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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Philosophy of Astrophysics : Stars, Simulations, and the Struggle to Determine What is Out There (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031266188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 332 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 472
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Molecules—Models. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Astronomy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Molecules ; Science ; Astronomy
    Abstract: 1. Introduction (Vera Matarese, Siska De Baerdemaeker, and Nora Mills Boyd) -- Part I: Theory, Observation, and the Relation Between Them. 2. Laboratory Astrophysics: Lessons for Epistemology of Astrophysics (Nora Mills Boyd) -- 3. A Crack in the Track of the Hubble Constant (Marie Gueguen) -- 4. Theory Testing in Gravitational-Wave Astrophysics (Jamee Elder) -- 5. Hybrid Enrichment of Theory and Observation in Next-Generation Stellar Population Synthesis (Lydia Patton) -- 6. Doing More with Less: Dark Matter & Modified Gravity (Niels C. M. Martens and Martin King) -- Part II: Models and Simulations. 7. Stellar Structure Models Revisited: Evidence and Data in Asteroseismology (Mauricio Suárez) -- 8. Idealizations in Astrophysical Computer Simulations (Melissa Jacquart and Regy-Null R. Arcadia) -- 9. Simulation Verification in Practice (Kevin Kadowaki) -- 10. (What) Do We Learn from Code Comparisons? A Case Study of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Implementations (Helen Meskhidze) -- 11. Simulation and Experiment Revisited: Temporal Data in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Shannon Sylvie Abelson) -- 12. What’s In a Survey? Simulation-Induced Selection Effects in Astronomy (Sarah C. Gallagher and Christopher Smeenk) -- Part III: Black Holes. 13. On the Epistemology of Observational Black Hole Astrophysics (Juliusz Doboszewski and Dennis Lehmkuhl) -- 14. Black Holes and Analogy (Alex Mathie) -- 15. Extragalactic Reality Revisited: Astrophysics and Entity Realism (Simon Allzén) -- Part IV: Concluding Thoughts. 16. Reflections by a Theoretical Astrophysicist (Kevin Heng) -- 17. Annotated Bibliography (Cameron C. Yetman).
    Abstract: This is an open access book. This book, the first edited collection of its kind, explores the recent emergence of philosophical research in astrophysics. It assembles a variety of original essays from scholars who are currently shaping this field, and it combines insightful overviews of the current state of play with novel, significant contributions. It therefore provides an ideal source for understanding the current debates in philosophy of astrophysics, and it offers new ideas for future cutting-edge research. The selection of essays offered in this book addresses methodological and metaphysical questions that target a wide range of topics, including dark matter, black holes, astrophysical observations and modelling. The book serves as the first standard resource in philosophy of astrophysics for all scholars who work in the field and want to expand or deepen their knowledge, but it also provides an accessible guide for all those philosophers and scientists who are interested in getting a first, basic understanding of the main issues in philosophy of astrophysics.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26618-8
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards responsible plant data linkage : data challenges for agricultural research and development (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031132766
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 317 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Artificial intelligence—Data processing. ; Botany. ; Science ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: Introduction: Towards responsible plant data linkage -- Part I: Experiences from the Trenches -- Between Subsistence and Agronomy: Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) on Famine Foods -- Managing Data in Crop Breeding: A Hundred Year Challenge -- Data, Duplication, and the Decentralisation of Crop Collections -- Data Management in a Multi-Disciplinary African RTB Crop Breeding Program -- Part II: Technical Challenges of Data Linkage -- Challenges to Data Linkage in Plants: Two Parables from the Pea -- From Farm to FAIR: The Trials of Linking and Sharing Wheat Research Data -- Plant Scientific Data Integration, From Building Community Standards to Defining a Consistent Data Lifecycle -- Part III: Governance Challenges of Data Linkage Spinning the Agricultural Data Web -- Creating a Digital Marketplace for Agrobiodiversity and Plant Genetic Sequence Data: Legal and Ethical Considerations of an AI and Blackchain Based Solution -- Digital Sequence Information and Genetic Resources: Global Policy Meets Interoperability -- Collaboration in Crop Diversity Management: A Pragmatist Approach to Data Sharing -- Part IV: Social Challenges of Data Linkage -- The Research Data Alliance Interest Group on Agricultural Data: Supporting a Global Community of Practice -- Ethical and Legal Considerations in Smart Farming: A Farmer’s Perspective -- Responsibility Beyond Ethics and Infrastructures: Conceptual and Normative Considerations for Plant Data Linkage and Agriculture.
    Abstract: This open access book provides the first systematic overview of existing challenges and opportunities for responsible data linkage, and a cutting-edge assessment of which steps need to be taken to ensure that plant data are ethically shared and used for the benefit of ensuring global food security – one of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. The volume focuses on the contemporary contours of such challenges through sustained engagement with current and historical initiatives and discussion of best practices and prospective future directions for ensuring responsible plant data linkage. The volume is divided into four sections that include case studies of plant data use and linkage in the context of particular research projects, breeding programs, and historical research. It address technical challenges of data linkage in developing key tools, standards and infrastructures, and examines governance challenges of data linkage in relation to socioeconomic and environmental research and data collection. Finally, the last section addresses issues raised by new data production and linkage methods for the inclusion of agriculture’s diverse stakeholders. This book brings together leading experts in data curation, data governance and data studies from a variety of fields, including data science, plant science, agricultural research, science policy, data ethics and the philosophy, history and social studies of plant science.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-13276-6
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthetic Biology and the Question of Public Participation : Governance and Ethics in Dealing with Emerging Technologies (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031160042
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(V, 62 p. 5 illus., 4 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science. ; Science ; Political science.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Imagined Futures: Trust and Justice in SB Governance -- Governance and Participation in Policy Reports of Synthetic Biology (Literature Review) -- Approaches in Defining Governance, Challenges and Benefits -- Designing Governance Frameworks -- Governance of Synthetic Biology -- Governance and Public Participation -- Objectives -- Focus Areas Participation -- Communication -- Representation.-Evaluation -- Focus Areas Governance -- Resources -- Training -- Data Management -- Responsibility -- Case Study: COVID-19 Vaccine Development -- Conclusion -- Recommendations.
    Abstract: The book considers the relationship between governance and participation, and the ways participation has been understood, framed and applied in the context of synthetic biology (SB) governance approaches. Based on fundamental questions about the scope, purpose, and responsibilities assigned to public participation activities, the authors conducted an literature review of policy reports and articles on SB governance. Against this basis the authors identify key characteristics of synthetic biology, such as the complex interplay of research, engineering and IT expertise in the field, as well as the challenges these characteristics pose in designing governance frameworks. Drawing on insights from the literature on governance and public participation in political science and public policy, the authors contest calls for “earlier” and “more” participation on the basis that such calls fail to consider the necessary structural adjustments and resources needed for such endeavors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16004-2
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Critical Minerals, the Climate Crisis and the Tech Imperium (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031255779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 210 p. 21 illus., 8 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 65
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Human ecology—Study and teaching. ; Political planning. ; International relations. ; Political science. ; Human ecology ; Science ; Science
    Abstract: Foreword (Morgan Bazilian and Dolf Gielen) -- Introduction (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Section I -- Chapter 1. Between Rocks and Hard Places: Geopolitics of Net zero futures and the tech imperium (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Chapter 2. Interdependence vs. Geopolitics: Securitization and Partial Recoupling of U.S.-China Relations (Xiaoyu Pu) -- Chapter 3. Securing Supply Chain Resiliency for Critical Rare Earth Metals (Kristin Vekasi) -- Section II -- Chapter 4. Public Policy Toward Critical Materials: A False Dichotomy, a Messy Middle Ground, and Seven Guiding Principles (Roderick Eggert) -- Chapter 5. Lessons from Three Decades in the Rare Earth Trenches (Constantine Karayannopoulos and Vasileios Tsianos) -- Chapter 6. The Paradox of Green Growth: Challenges and Opportunities in Decarbonizing the Electric Vehicle Supply Chain. (Chris Berry) -- Chapter 7. Raw material demands for the Green Transition. Risks, opportunities, and required actions to meet the 2030 climate targets. (Roland Gauß, Carsten Gellermann, Alexander Maurer) -- Section III -- Chapter 8. Social and environmental impacts of rare earth mining and processing: Scoping and preliminary assessment (Julie Michelle Klinger) -- Chapter 9. The Social Conundrum of Eco-centric Activism against Oceanic Minerals (Saleem Ali) -- Chapter 10. The ESG Triangle: How Lithium Mining in Latin America Could Point the Way Toward Long-term Environmental and Social Value Strategies (Owen Pell) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book examines the latest manifestations of resource competition. The energy transition and the digitalization of the global economy are both accelerating even as geopolitics driven by Sino-American hyper-competition become increasingly contentious. The volume brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars, policy makers, institutional stakeholders, and industry experts to analyze not only the transition itself, but also the implications that the need for uninterrupted access to unprecedented levels of raw materials generates. By framing the challenges ahead for global society, governance, industry, international power politics, and the environment, the book asks hard questions about the choices that need to be made to reach net zero by mid-century. Moreover, it sheds light on different facets of the growing risks to what have been global interdependent supply chains in a way that is nuanced, balanced, and practical, thus pushing back on some of the most sensational headlines that breed confusion and may lead policymakers to make more narrow and less effective decisions. The volume is an outcome of “Rich Rocks, the Climate Crisis and the Tech-imperium” a Summer Institute at Caltech and the Huntington that took place in July 2021.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25577-9
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    History of Rationalities : Ways of Thinking from Vico to Hacking and Beyond (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031240041
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 337 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sciortino, Luca History of rationalities
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Intellectual life—History. ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science ; Intellectual life ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter 1: A brief history of the concept of ‘ways of thinking’: introduction and plan of work -- Chapter 2: Notions of the concept of ‘ways of thinking’: from classical historical epistemology to Kuhn -- Chapter 3: Notions of the concept of ‘ways of thinking’: from Hacking to Daston and Galison -- Chapter 4: Taxonomy of the notions of the concept of ‘ways of thinking’ -- Chapter 5: Developing the styles project: towards a ‘theory of styles of reasoning’ -- Chapter 6: Styles of reasoning and relativism -- Chapter 7: The incommensurability of styles of reasoning: the case of the existence of theoretical entities -- Chapter 8: Styles of reasoning, contingency and the evolution of science -- Chapter 9: Epilogue.
    Abstract: Over time, philosophers and historians of science have introduced different notions of 'ways of thinking'. This book presents, compares, and contrasts these different notions. It focuses primarily on Ian Hacking’s idea of 'style of reasoning' in order to assess and develop it into a more systematic theory of scientific thought, arguing that Hacking’s theory implies epistemic relativism. Luca Sciortino also discusses the implications of Hacking’s ideas for the study of the problem of contingency and inevitability in the development of scientific knowledge.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24004-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sanctorius Sanctorius and the origins of health measurement (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031301186
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 327 pages) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hollerbach, Teresa Juliane Sanctorius Sanctorius and the origins of health measurement
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Technology. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science ; Science ; Medicine
    Abstract: Acknowledgements -- Preface (Dr. Matteo Valleriani) -- Introduction -- List of Figures -- Abbreviations and Short Titles -- Chapter 1. Sanctorius Sanctorius—Between Koper and Venice -- Chapter 2. Sanctorius’s Galenism -- Chapter 3. Sanctorius’s Work in its Practical Context -- Chapter 4. Quantification in Galenic Medicine -- Chapter 5. Quantification and Certainty -- Chapter 6. The Measuring Instruments -- Chapter 7. Sanctorius Revisited -- List of Appendices.
    Abstract: This open access book offers new insights into the Venetian physician Sanctorius Sanctorius (1561–1636) and into the origins of quantification in medicine. At the turn of the seventeenth century, Sanctorius developed instruments to measure and quantify physiological change. As trivial as the quantitative assessment of health issues might seem to us today – in times of fitness trackers and smart watches – it was highly innovative at that time. With his instruments, Sanctorius introduced quantitative research into the field of physiology. Historical accounts of Sanctorius and his work tend to tell the story of a genius who, almost out of the blue, invented a new medical science, based on measurement and quantification, that profoundly influenced modernity. Abandoning the “genius narrative,” this book examines Sanctorius and his work in the broader perspective of processes of knowledge transformation in early modern medicine. It is the first systematic study to include the entire range of the physician’s intellectual and practical activities. Adopting a material culture perspective, the research draws on the contemporary reconstruction of Sanctorius’s most famous instrument: the Sanctorian weighing chair. And here it departs from past studies that focus mainly on Sanctorius’s thinking rather than on his making and doing. The book also re-evaluates Sanctorius’s role in the wider process of the early transformation of medical culture in the early modern period, a process that ultimately led to the abandonment of Galenic medicine and to the introduction of a new medical science, based on the use of quantification and measurement in medical research. The book is therefore an important contribution to the history of medicine and historical epistemology aimed at historians of science and philosophy.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30118-6
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: Cover
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chaim L. Pekeris and the Art of Applying Mathematics with WEIZAC, 1955–1963 (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031271250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 123 p. 16 illus., 3 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Computers—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Sociological aspects. ; Technological innovations. ; Computers ; Science ; Technology ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Pekeris, Computing and Applied Mathematics -- 2. Numerical Analysis in the Age of Electronic Computing -- 3. Integral Equations -- 4. Oscillations of the Earth -- 5. Ground State of Helium -- 6. Additional Research with Weizac -- 7. Concluding Remarks – Mathematics at Wis, Applied and Pure -- 8. References.
    Abstract: This book describes the groundbreaking work of Chaim Leib Pekeris and his collaborators. Between 1955 and 1963 they used the first electronic computer built in Israel, the Weizmann Automatic Computer (WEIZAC), to develop powerful numerical methods that helped achieve new and accurate solutions of the Boltzmann equation, calculate energy levels of the helium atom, produce detailed geophysical and seismological models derived from the study of the free oscillations of the earth, and refine models used to predict meteorological phenomena and global oceanic tides. This book provides a unique account of the pioneering work of Chaim L. Pekeris in applied mathematics and explains in detail the background to the rise of the Weizmann Institute as a world-class center of scientific excellence. This hitherto untold story is of great interest to historians of twentieth-century science with special emphasis on the application of computer-assisted numerical methods in various branches of mathematical physics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27125-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Defense and Recognition in the Climate Crisis : How to Communicate About Truths, Facts and Opinions (2023)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658407247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 335 p. 3 illus., 2 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Climatology. ; Philosophy. ; Science ; Social sciences
    Abstract: Introduction -- About the approach, the ideas and the procedure -- I. Part The psychologically conditioned defense. Taking stock -- II. part Explaining and understanding. Truth, facts, opinions. Scientific understanding and concepts -- III. part The philosophically defined recognition. Analysis of the forms and modalities of recognition -- IV. Part Proposals. Findings, insights, solutions -- Epilogue and maxims.
    Abstract: Truths, facts and opinions on the climate issue are often met with psychological or social defense, both publicly and privately. Based on selected psychological and philosophical theories as well as data material, this book shows how defense comes about, how it works, and how, on the other hand, the necessary recognition can succeed on various levels. It is only through recognition that constructive discourse becomes possible. This book offers all the basics to be able to theoretically and practically solve communication conflicts between defense and recognition in the climate crisis. The author Dr. Barbara Strohschein is a philosopher and psychologist working in research and consulting. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-40724-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measurement and understanding in science and humanities : interdisciplinary approaches (2023)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658369743
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 271 p. 17 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science
    Abstract: Benefits and challenges of interdisciplinary work -- Examples of interdisciplinary work to measure and understand the world -- Communication of interdisciplinary work -- Success factors and conclusions -- Similarities and differences in the meaning of number and measure between disciplines.
    Abstract: This anthology is a unique compilation of scientific contributions on the topic of measurement and understanding, showing how terms such as number, measurement, understanding, model, and pattern are used in a wide variety of disciplines. Based on results and experiences from their own projects, 23 researchers comment on the potentials and limitations of their individual methodological approaches as well as success factors of interdisciplinary collaboration. In doing so, they fathom the relative importance of quantification and empirical evidence for each of their disciplines and examine how the methodological approaches shape their existing models and images. Their common goal is to understand the world; however, their methods are highly diverse. The Content Advantages and challenges of interdisciplinary work Examples of interdisciplinary work to measure and understand the world Communication of interdisciplinary work Success factors for interdisciplinary collaboration and conclusions Similarities and differences in the meaning of number and measurement between disciplines The Target groups Faculty and students in all disciplines who are interested in interdisciplinary research The editors and authors The editors and authors of the book are fellows in the WIN Kolleg of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. The scientific focus of the individual authors is broad across the spectrum of the sciences. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-36974-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Theory and Practice in the Interdisciplinary Production and Reproduction of Scientific Knowledge : ID in the XXI Century (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031204050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 309 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science
    Abstract: Part 1. Conceptual and Theoretical Framework -- 1. The Fundamental Cognitive Destiny of Interdisciplinarity (Olga Pombo) -- 2. Disentangling Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity: the Beauty of Differing Definitions (Bianca Vienni Baptista) -- 3. Back to the Discipline: for a Future Interdisciplinarity (Romain Sauzet) -- 4. Super-Contemporaneity (The Regime of Creation Beyond Transdisciplinary Innovation) (Vincent Bontems) -- Part 2. Practices of Interdisciplinarity -- 5. Interactions Towards Interdisciplinarity at School: the Case of a Physics Teacher at a Public Teacher Education High School (Giselle Faur de Castro Catarino, Glória Regina Pessoa Campello Queiroz, André Luís de Moura Pessôa) -- 6. Interdisciplinarity in the View of Researchers in the Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Programme in Human Rights at the Federal Universitiy of Goiás (PPGIDH-UFG): a Case Study (Cerise de Castro Campos, Helena Esser dos Reis, Mauro Machado do Prado, Rosani Moreira Leitão) -- 7. Interdisciplinary Practice in Education (Helder Coelho) -- 8. How MSH Design Interdisciplinarity: Testimony of an Active Director (Nicolas Thély) -- 9. Interdisciplinarity in Cognitive Science and the Nature of Cognition (Klaus Gärtner and Robert W. Clowes) -- 10. The Utopia of Interdisciplinarity: A View from Economics (Vítor Neves) -- 11. The Crowd – A Boundary Object in Social Sciences (Jorge Correia Jesuíno) -- 12. Role of IT Solution Design in Food Labelling. Ethics, Communication and Interdisciplinarity on the Test Bench (Roberta Pizzi and Giovanni Scarafile) -- 13. Signs of Interdisciplinarity in the Second Half of the XX Century and Prospects for the XXI Century (Olga Pombo).
    Abstract: This book addresses the urgent need for a large and systematic analysis of current interdisciplinary (ID) research and practice. It demonstrates how ID is essentially a cognitive phenomenon, something different from the frivolous and inconsequential attempt of trying to overcome the disciplinary competencies and exigencies. By ID, the authors show that it is a manifestation of the transversal rationality that underlies current scientific activity. It is the very progress of specialized disciplines that requires interdisciplinary new research practices and new forms of articulation between domains, something that has a strong impact on the traditional disciplinary structure of scientific and educational institutions. Divided into two parts, the book presents a conceptual framework as well as several case studies on ID practices. The book aims at covering three main themes. It contributes to the stabilization of ID meaning and characterizes the main ID theorizations which have been proposed until now. It builds an innovative and broad understanding of the several ID determinations as an essentially cognitive phenomenon and of its institutional implications at the level of disciplinary structures and curricular organization. Finally, it distinguishes and maps the diversity of ID procedures and practices which are being used and tested by contemporary scientific and educational institutions. This book is addressed to philosophers, scientists and every one interested in science production and reproduction, including science teaching.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-20405-0
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perspectives on Kuhn : Contemporary Approaches to the Philosophy of Thomas Kuhn (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031163715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 187 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 84
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science ; Science ; Language and languages ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Preface -- Chapter 1. Kuhn, Coherentism and Perception (Howard Sankey) -- Chapter 2. Sankey on Kuhn and Epistemological Coherentism: a Commentary (Juan V. Mayoral) -- Chapter 3. A Defense of Structure in Structure of Scientific Revolutions (K. Brad Wray) -- Chapter 4. A Vindication of Structure in Structure of Scientific Revolutions: a Comment to K. Brad Wray (Pablo Melogno) -- Chapter 5. Kuhn’s Reconstruction of Structure: The Theoretical Background (Juan V. Mayoral) -- Chapter 6. A Role for Cognitive Agents from a Kuhnian point of view: a Comment to Juan Vicente Mayoral (Pío García) -- Chapter 7. Incommensurability and Metaincommensurability. Kind change, world change and indirect refutation (Eric Oberheim) -- Chapter 8. The Landscape of a Metaphysical Battlefield: a Comment to Eric Oberheim (Leandro Giri) -- Chapter 9. The Plausibility of Thomas Kuhn’s Metaphysics (Paul Hoyningen-Huene) -- Chapter 10. Seeing, Talking and Behaving... Ways of Inhabiting the World: a Comment to Paul Hoyningen-Huene (Hernán Miguel) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book presents essays and commentaries that continue on Thomas Kuhn’s work from where he left off at the time of his death. Contrary to other books, this volume picks up the gauntlet to develop, from a contemporary perspective, some points that can be improved in the light of recent findings and conceptualizations in metatheory. Thus, this work pays a visit to the classical Kuhnian landscapes, but rather proposing interpretations, it takes them as the starting point to go further. One hundred years after the Kuhn's birth, the editors and authors rekindle the passion and interest that have always surrounded the work of the great Boston philosopher and historian.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16371-5
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Normativity, Lifeworld, and Science in Sellars’ Synoptic Vision (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031270260
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 321 p. 2 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, American. ; Phenomenology . ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Prelude: Sellars’ Project and Its Essential Tension -- Part I Sellars and Phenomenology: Lifeworld and Science -- 3. Husserl’s Lifeworld and the Scientific Image -- 4. Lifeworld Phenomenology After Husserl: Merleau-Ponty, Enactivism, Heiddeger and Science -- 5. Toward a Non-representational Conception of Science and the Lifeworld -- Part II Sellars’ Relevance for Continental Philosophy -- 6. Toward the Thing-in-Itself: Sellars’ and Meillassoux’s Divergent Conception of Kantian Transcendentalism -- 7. Deleuze and Sellars on Ontology and Normativity -- Part III Unifying the Manifest and the Scientific Images -- 8. Sellars’ Synoptic Vision: Unifying the Images at the Level of the Lifeworld -- Part IV Persons, Free Will and Processes -- 9. Persons as Normative Functions in a Nominalistic Process World -- 10. Free Will in a Scientifically Disenchanted World -- Part V Philosophy, Disenchantment and Self-Critique -- 11. The Dialectic Between Manifest and Scientific Image in the Wake of Weberian Disenchantment -- Part VI Scientific Naturalism and Non-instrumental Values -- 12. Science and the Objectification of Values: A Sellarsian Response to the Continental Critique of Science.
    Abstract: This book brings together the work of Wilfrid Sellars with work in 20th century phenomenology and 21st century speculative realism in order to think through one of the most important predicaments of contemporary philosophy. As a result of the disenchantment of nature in late modernity, philosophy has struggled to account for the place of persons, construed as loci of normative authority and responsibility, within a scientifically, naturalistically described world, bereft of values and norms. The book argues that Sellars takes both the framework of persons and science seriously and thinks that this implies the need not just for reconciling the manifest and scientific images but for fusing them into one stereoscopic vision of reality and our place in it. One of the main aims of this book is to address the issue of the form which a non-alienated experience of ourselves-in-the-world would take in the Sellarsian cryptic stereoscopic fusion of the manifest and the scientific image. Through an extended discussion of Sellars’ relevance for contemporary continental philosophy and phenomenology, in which his views on perception, the commonsense ‘lifeworld’, science, normativity, personhood, morality and process metaphysics are presented and extended, the book sketches a novel view about what a stereoscopic fusion of the manifest and the scientific image would amount to at the level of our lifeworld experience.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27026-0
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  • 13
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    Evolutionary Thinking Across Disciplines : Problems and Perspectives in Generalized Darwinism (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031333583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 528 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 478
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Biology ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Generalizing Darwinism as a Topic for Multidisciplinary Debate -- Part I: How Can Disciplines Benefit from, or Contribute to, Evolutionary Frameworks?. 2. Is a Non-Evolutionary Psychology Possible? -- 3. Evolutionary Economics and the Theory of Cultural Evolution -- 4. Repetition Without Replication: Notes Towards a Theory of Cultural Adaptation -- 5. The Epistemological and Ideological Stakes of Literary Darwinism -- 6. Evolutionary Aspects of Language Change -- 7. A Community Science Model for Inter-Disciplinary Evolution Education and School Improvement -- 8. Teaching for the Interdisciplinary Understanding of Evolutionary Concepts -- Part II: Generalizations of Evolutionary Theory: Common Principles or Explanatory Structures?. 9. From Games to Graphs. Evolving Networks in Cultural Evolution -- 10. Metaphysics of Evolution: Ontology and Justification of Generalized Evolution Theory -- 11. Human Social Evolution via Four Coevolutionary Levels -- Part III: Why Should We Be Skeptical of Generalizations of Darwinism?. 12. Is Natural Selection Physical? -- 13. The Risks of Evolutionary Explanation -- 14. Evolution and Ecology of Organizations and Markets -- 15. Pluralism and Epistemic Goals: Why the Social Sciences Will (Probably) not be Synthesised by Evolutionary Theory -- 16. Equations at an Exhibition: on the Cultural Price Equation -- 17. Unlike Agents: The Role of Correlation in Economics and Biology -- Part IV: How Can Evolutionary Approaches or the Target Field be Amended?. 18. From the Modern Synthesis to the Inclusive Evolutionary Synthesis: An Einsteinian Revolution in Evolution -- 19. Darwinian/Hennigian Systematics and Evo-Devo: the Missed Rendez-vous -- 20. The Generalized Selective Environment -- 21. Adding Agency to Tinbergen’s Four Questions -- 22. Cultural Evolution Research Needs to Include Human Behavioural Ecology.
    Abstract: This volume aims to clarify the epistemic potential of applying evolutionary thinking outside biology, and provides a survey of the current state of the art in research on relevant topics in the life sciences, the philosophy of science, and the various areas of evolutionary research outside the life sciences. By bringing together chapters by evolutionary biologists, systematic biologists, philosophers of biology, philosophers of social science, complex systems modelers, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, linguists, historians, and educators, the volume examines evolutionary thinking within and outside the life sciences from a multidisciplinary perspective. While the chapters written by biologists and philosophers of science address theoretical aspects of the guiding questions and aims of the volume, the chapters written by researchers from the other areas approach them from the perspective of applying evolutionary thinking to non-biological phenomena. Taken together, the chapters in this volume do not only show how evolutionary thinking can be fruitfully applied in various areas of investigation, but also highlight numerous open problems, unanswered questions, and issues on which more clarity is needed. As such, the volume can serve as a starting point for future research on the application of evolutionary thinking across disciplines.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33358-3
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  • 14
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    Plato, Diagrammatic Reasoning and Mental Models (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031276583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 91 p. 5 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Mathematics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Cognitive science. ; Mathematics ; Science
    Abstract: Saracco works from a primarily epistemological perspective on Plato but aims to broaden that with sustained interdisciplinary engagement with the philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, and cognitive science. Her overall argument is that Plato’s dialogues are best understood as an ongoing intellectual engagement between the reader and the writer. As the reader engages with various visual models within the texts, the reader moves from a perspective of theoretical childhood to theoretical adulthood. She maps this intellectual development of the various stages on the divided line. The book is very well-written and thought provoking. - Anne-Marie Schultz, Baylor University, Waco, US. This book analyses the role of diagrammatic reasoning in Plato’s philosophy: the readers will realize that Plato, describing the stages of human cognitive development using a diagram, poses a logic problem to stimulate the general reasoning abilities of his readers. Following the examination of mental models in this book, the readers will reflect on what inferences can be useful to approach this kind of logic problem. Plato calls for a collaboration between writer and readers. In this book the readers will examine the connection between diagrams and discovery, realizing the important epistemic role of visualization. They will recognize the crucial role that diagrams play in problem solving. The logic problem elaborated by Plato is addressed considering the epistemic function of mental models. These models introduce to an advanced stage of cognitive development, in which reasoning uses in its investigations a higher-level of mathematical complexity, represented by structuralism. Susanna Saracco is a post-doctoral researcher, having received her PhD in philosophy from the University of Sydney, Australia. She is the author of the book Plato and Intellectual Development. Her pieces have been published, among others, in Plato Journal, Philosophia: Philosophical Quarterly of Israel and Metaphilosophy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27658-3
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  • 15
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    Philosophy, History and Biology: Essays in Honour of Jean Gayon (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031281570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 329 p. 15 illus., 10 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology ; Science ; Science
    Abstract: Introduction (P.-O. Méthot, F. Merlin, P. Huneman) -- Part I: Historical Epistemology and Philosophy of Biology -- Chapter 1. “From Historical Epistemology to Philosophy of Biology” (Pierre-Olivier Méthot) -- Chapter 2. “Jean Gayon and the Historical Perspective in Philosophy of Biology” (François Duchesneau) -- Chapter 3. “Taking Historical Epistemology to the International Scene” (Anastasios Brenner) -- Chapter 4. “Jean Gayon, History and Philosophy of Biology: A New Synthesis” (Thomas Pradeu) -- Chapter 5. "Title TBA" (Victor Petit) -- Part II: History of Evolutionary Theory and Genetics -- Chapter 6. “Jean Gayon and the History of French Genetics” (Richard Burian) -- Chapter 7. “Population Genetics and the Evolutionary Synthesis: Remarks on the Contribution of Jean Gayon” (David Depew) -- Chapter 8. “Local Traditions and the Death of Diffusion: Jean Gayon’s Contribution to Contemporary Narratives of ‘the Molecular Vision of Life’” (Edna Suarez) -- Chapter 9. “Jean Gayon on Alfred R. Wallace’s Contribution to Evolutionary Theory” (Jon Hodge) -- Part III: Case-studies in History and Philosophy of Biology -- Chapter 10. “Locating the Human in the Biological World: A Way into the Species Problem” (Phil Sloan). Chapter 11. “Lamarck: Philosopher of Nature” (Stéphane Tirard) -- Chapter 12. “A Critique of Jean Gayon’s Critiques of Cultural Evolution” (Jorge Martinez) -- Chapter 13. “Between Science and Ideology: The Case of Clemence Royer” (Gérard Chazal) -- Chapter 14. “Mill on Design and Natural Selection” (Denis Forest) -- Chapter 15. “Eighteenth-Century uses of Vitalism in constructing Biology” (Charles T. Wolfe) -- Part IV: Personal Reminiscences -- Chapter 16. “Practicing Evolutionary Biology with Jean Gayon” (Philippe Huneman) -- Chapter 17. “Historical Epistemology and Analytic Philosophy: The Path of a Singular Synthesis. Testimony of a Former Doctoral Student” (Élodie Giroux) -- Chapter 18. “Title TBA” (Staffan Müller-Wille) -- Chapter 19. “Jean Gayon: In Memoriam” (Hans-Jörg Rheinberger).
    Abstract: This book builds on recent scholarship highlighted in the edited collections, Philosophie, histoire, biologie: mélanges offerts à Jean Gayon (Merlin & Huneman, 2018) and Knowledge of Life Today (Gayon & Petit 2018/2019). While honoring the career and the thought of Jean Gayon (1949-2018), this book showcases the continued relevance of Gayon’s interdisciplinary work and illustrates his central place in the community of historians and philosophers of the life sciences. Chapters in this book address Jean Gayon’s intellectual trajectory from historical epistemology to the philosophy of biology, the nature and scope of his philosophical approach to the history of science, and his unique contributions to the history and epistemology of biological concepts and theories. Drawing on published and unpublished sources, the book explores some of Gayon’s most significant contributions to the philosophy, history, and social studies of biology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28157-0
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  • 16
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    Logical Empiricism and Naturalism : Neurath and Carnap’s Metatheory of Science (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031293283
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 216 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Introduction -- 1. Naturalism and the Vienna Circle -- 2. Neurath’s Epistemology of Science -- 3. Neurath’s Conception of Protocol Statements -- 4. Carnapian Explication -- 5. Quine, Carnap, and Analyticity -- 6. Challenges to the Bipartite Metatheory Interpretation -- 7. Bipartite Metatheory in Application.
    Abstract: This text provides an extensive exploration of the relationship between the thought of Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap, providing a new argument for the complementarity of their mature philosophies as part of a collaborative metatheory of science. In arguing that both Neurath and Carnap must be interpreted as proponents of epistemological naturalism, and that their naturalisms rest on shared philosophical ground, it is also demonstrated that the boundaries and possibilities for epistemological naturalism are not as restrictive as Quinean orthodoxy has previously suggested. Both building on and challenging the scholarship of the past four decades, this naturalist reading of Carnap also provides a new interpretation of Carnap’s conception of analyticity, allowing for a refutation of the Quinean argument for the incompatibility of naturalism and the analytic/synthetic distinction. In doing so, the relevance and potential importance of their scientific meta-theory for contemporary questions in the philosophy of science is demonstrated. This text appeals to students and researchers working on Logical Empiricism, Quine, the history of analytic philosophy and the history of philosophy of science, as well as proponents of naturalized epistemology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29328-3
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  • 17
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    Enactive Cognition in Place : Sense-Making as the Development of Ecological Norms (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031202827
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 221 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: New Directions in Philosophy and Cognitive Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Cognitive science. ; Phenomenology . ; Philosophy of mind. ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter One: Introduction: From the Embodied Mind to the Emplacement of the Living Body -- Chapter Two: Worlds Apart: Are Our Minds Enclosed Inside Our Heads? -- Chapter Three: Enactive Cognition: From Sensorimotor Interactions to Autonomy and Normative Behaviour -- Chapter Four: Body-World Entanglement: On Sense-Making as Norm Development -- Chapter Five: The Ecological Dimension of Sense-Making: The Active Role of the Environment in Processes of Norm Development: The Environment as an Active Ecological Field -- Chapter Six: Sense-Making as Place-Norms: Inhabiting the World with Others -- Chapter Seven: Finale: Situating the Enactive Approach.
    Abstract: This book aims to enrich our understanding of the role the environment plays in processes of life and cognition, from the perspective of enactive cognitive science. Miguel A. Sepúlveda-Pedro offers an unprecedented interpretation of the central claims of the enactive approach to cognition, supported by contemporary works of ecological psychology and phenomenology. The enactive approach conceives cognition as sense-making, a phenomenon emerging from the organizational nature of the living body that evolves in human beings through sensorimotor, intercorporeal, and linguistic interactions with the environment. From this standpoint, Sepúlveda-Pedro suggests incorporating three new theses into the theoretical body of the enactive approach: sense-making and cognition fundamentally consist of processes of norm development; the environment, cognitive agents actually interact with, is an active ecological field enacted in their historical past; and sense-making occurs in a domain consisting of multiple normative dimensions that the author names enactive place. Miguel A. Sepúlveda-Pedro is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the Institute for Philosophical Research at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-20282-7
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  • 18
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    Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in Canada : Key Multidisciplinary Perspectives (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031300028
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 515 p. 10 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: The International Library of Bioethics 104
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Bioethics. ; Science
    Abstract: Part 1: MAID in Law and Regulations -- Chapter 1. Radical Autonomy in Supreme Court of Canada Jurisprudence (Dylan McGuinty) -- Chapter 2. Carter v Canada: Exploring the Ebb and Flow of “Competing” Societal Values (Mary J Shariff) -- Chapter 3. From a Court Judgment to Federal Law (Travis Dumsday) -- Chapter 4. “We Should Not Lightly Assume”: A Review of Legislative, Regulatory and Jurisprudential Developments of MAID Safeguards (David W. Shannon) -- Chapter 5. F“Reasonably Foreseeable Natural Death” Requirement in Bill C-7, and Expressivist Harm (Jonas-Sébastien Beaudry) -- Part 2: Operational Issues in the MAID program -- Chapter 6. Medical Assistance in Dying Step-by-Step: Processes and Challenges (Alireza Bagheri) -- Chapter 7. Monitoring of MAID: Deficits of Transparency and Accountability (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 8. CFederal Annual Reports on MAID: Informative but Incomplete Picture (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 9. Organ Donation after Medical Assistance in Dying (Ryan Tonkens) -- Chapter 10. Medical Practice in Presence of MAID (Amy Hendricks) -- Part 3: Palliative Care and MAID -- Chapter 11. Palliative Care: Captive and Casualty of Carter v Canada? (Mary J Shariff) -- Chapter 12. Palliative Care and Medical Assistance in Dying (Leonie Herx) -- Chapter 13. Suffering as a Criterion for Medical Assistance in Dying (John F. Scott) -- Chapter 14. The Assessment and Relief of Suffering in the Shadow of MAID (John F. Scott) -- Part 4:Mental Disorders and MAID -- Chapter 15. Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) and Suicide: A community perspective (Mara Grunau) -- Chapter 16. Unbalanced: Mental Illness, MAID, and Medico-Legal Principles (David W. Shannon) -- Chapter 17. MAID for Persons with Mental Illness as a Sole Eligibility Criterion (Sephora Tang) -- Chapter 18. MAID for Mental Illness: What Exactly is Being Consented To? (John Maher) -- Part 5: Disability Perspectives, Human Rights and MAID -- Chapter 19. MAID to Die by Medical and Systemic Ableism (Heidi Janz) -- Chapter 20. Assisted Life Before Assisted Death: Disability Discomfort Regarding MAID (Tim Stainton) -- Chapter 21. Implementing Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: Implications for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (William F. Sullivan) -- Chapter 22. The Psychosocial Aspects of Adapting to Traumatic Non-Life-Threatening Disability (Irmo Marini) -- Chapter 23. Canada’s Medical Assistance in Dying Law and the Rights to Life and Equality at International Law (Roberto Lattanzio) -- Part 6: Social and Cultural Issues of the MAID Programme -- Chapter 24. Examining Indigenous Perspectives on Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) (Dwight Newman) -- Chapter 25. Patient Physician Relationship and MAID: Trust and Autonomy (Louisa Pedri) -- Chapter 26. The Importance of Conscience as an Independent Freedom (Derek Ross) -- Chapter 27. Freedom of Conscience and Medical Assistance in Dying – Clinical Perspective (Simon Czajkowski) -- Chapter 28. Spirit at the Gateway: Religious Reflections on Medical Assistance in Dying (Christine Jamieson) -- Chapter 29. MAID Practice and Impact (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 30. MAID: Pasts, Present and Futures (Tom Koch) -- Part 7: Overview and Conclusions -- Chapter 31. Overview and Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book, written both for a Canadian and an international readership, provides a multidisciplinary review of the framework and performance of the Canadian Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) program. In the first five years (2015-2021) of operation, this program delivered voluntary euthanasia and assistance in suicide to over 30,000 Canadian residents, presently representing a 30% annual growth. Looking back on these first five years, the 30 Canadian scholars and clinicians contributing to this volume raise important issues and attempt to answer key questions that have arisen in regards to its operation and its stated objectives. This volume strikes the most appropriate balance between the autonomy of persons who seek medical assistance, versus the interests and protection of vulnerable persons. Finally, the book makes suggestions on how the program can presently be improved. It identifies gaps in knowledge about MAID’s operational program and its impact on individuals, families and society in order to stimulate the necessary research that is essential to the evolution of a healthy and well-balanced program. As a first, comprehensive examination of medically assisted deaths in Canada, this publication will be of great value to lay, professional, academic, political audiences both domestically and internationally, especially in jurisdictions that are examining their options of permitting assisted deaths.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30002-8
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  • 19
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    Extending the Extended Mind : From Cognition to Consciousness (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031356247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 217 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: New Directions in Philosophy and Cognitive Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Phenomenology . ; Technology ; Science
    Abstract: 1 A Roadmap from the Extended Mind to the Extended Conscious Mind -- 1.1 Where Does the Mind Stop? -- 1.2 Concepts of Cognition and Consciousness -- 1.3 4E’s: Embodied, Embedded, Enacted, Extended -- 1.3.1 Embodied -- 1.3.2 Embedded -- 1.3.3 Enacted -- 1.3.4 Extended -- 1.4 From the Extended Mind to the Extended Conscious Mind -- 1.4.1 The Extended Mind -- 1.4.2 The Waves to the Extended Conscious Mind -- 1.4.3 Vehicular Externalism -- 1.5 Conclusions and Methodological Remarks -- References -- 2 Arguments for Extended Conscious Mind -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 First Argument for ECM: Parity Argument -- 2.2.1 Cognition and Consciousness Are Often Inseparable -- 2.2.2 Occurrent EM -- 2.2.3 Wheeler’s Objection -- 2.2.4 Summing Up the First Argument -- 2.3 Second Argument for ECM: Sensorimotor Enactivism -- 2.3.1 Landscapes of Sensorimotor Enactivism -- 2.3.2 Bridging the Comparative Explanatory Gap -- 2.3.3 Sensorimotor Reductionism or Sensorimotor Integrationism? -- 2.3.4 Temporal Nature, Virtual Presence -- 2.3.5 Arguments Drawn from Sensorimotor Enactivism in Support of ECM -- 2.3.6 Does Entailment Hold? From the Personal to the Sub-Personal Level -- 2.3.7 Summing Up the Second Argument -- 2.4 Third Argument for ECM: The Leaky Body -- 2.4.1 Experience Is Embodied -- 2.4.2 The Frontiers of the Body Are Not Rigid -- 2.4.3 External Body Parts as Substrates of Experience -- 2.5 Conclusions to the Three Arguments -- References -- 3 The Constitution-Turn and Extended Conscious Mind -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 The Causal–Constitution Fallacy -- 3.1.2 The Constituted Phenomenon: The Dynamic Nature of Experiences -- 3.2 Defining Constitution -- 3.2.1 Material Constitution -- 3.2.2 Mechanist Constitution -- 3.2.3 Diachronic–Dynamical Constitution -- 3.3 Demarcating the System Boundaries -- 3.3.1 Mutual Manipulability as a Demarcation Criterion -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Tools as Extenders: The Pathway to Functional Incorporation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Spectrum of Extensions -- 4.2.1 Momentary Extension -- 4.2.2 Integrated Extension -- 4.2.3 Prosthetic Incorporation -- 4.2.4 Functional Incorporation -- 4.2.5 Summing Up the Four Degrees of Extension -- 4.3 “Glue & Trust” Conditions -- 4.3.1 Glue & Trust Conditions for EM -- 4.3.2 Criteria Compared with ECM -- 4.3.3 Glue & Trust Conditions for ECM -- 4.4 An Example of Functional Incorporation: Sensory Substitution -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Possible Objections to Extended Conscious Mind -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Clark’s Criticisms of ECM -- 5.2 The Argument from High Bandwidth -- 5.2.1 Answers to the High-Bandwidth Argument -- 5.3 Predictive Processing -- 5.3.1 Answering the Counter-argument from Predictive Processing -- 5.4 The Brain-in-a-Vat Thought Experiment -- 5.5 Dreams and Hallucinations -- 5.5.1 Revonsuo’s Dream Argument -- 5.5.2 Answering the Dream Challenge -- 5.6 Summarising the Counter-arguments -- References -- 6 Concluding Remarks and the Future of Extension -- References.
    Abstract: This book argues that conscious experience is sometimes extended outside the brain and body into certain kinds of environmental interaction and tool use. It shows that if one accepts that cognitive states can extend, one must also accept that consciousness can extend. The proponents of Extended Mind defend the former claim, but usually oppose the latter claim. The most important undertaking of this book is to show that this partition is not possible on pain of inconsistency. Pii Telakivi presents three arguments for the hypothesis of Extended Conscious Mind, examines and answers the most common counterarguments, and introduces a novel means to interpret and apply the concept of constitution. She also addresses the tensions between analytic philosophy of mind and enactivism, and builds a bridge between two different traditions: on the one hand, extended mind, and on the other, enactivism and embodied mind—and maintains that a unifying approach is necessary for a theory about extended consciousness. Pii Telakivi is a post-doctoral researcher in Practical Philosophy at the University of Helsinki and was a Fulbright Finland Junior Scholar in the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research focus lies on extended, embodied cognition and consciousness, and at the intersections between philosophy of mind, artificial intelligence and psychiatry.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35624-7
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  • 20
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    Beyond the Brain : How The Mind and The Body Shape Each Other? (2023)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789811995583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 118 p. 3 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. The Conceptual Fetters of the Mind-body Problem -- Chapter 3. From ‘the Mind Isolated with the Body’ to ‘the Mind Being Embodied’ -- Chapter 4. In What Sense Should We Talk about the Perception of Other Minds? -- Chapter 5. Comparative Perspectives on Solutions for the Problem of Other Minds -- Chapter 6. The Justification of Knowledge and the Limits of Mind -- Chapter 7. What Makes Consciousness ‘Conscious’? -- Chapter 8. Social Shaping of Emotion.
    Abstract: Different from traditional research on the mind-body problem often discussed from an epistemological viewpoint, which assumes that mental processes are internal to the person, this book demonstrates the crucial role of contextual relevance in the workings of the mind and illustrates how mind emerges from the individual's interactions with her physical, social, and cultural environments. It also develops the interpersonal and social aspects of embodied mind. The body that creates meaning is not only an emotional, kinesthetic, and aesthetically experiencing body; the body that creates meaning is a social body. It suggests that mind-body relations are not only achieved through the interaction between our own mind and body, but by other minds in our intersubjective interactions. It is related to epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, value theory, action theory, and the philosophies of mind, science, logic, and technology. The readership may include graduate and undergraduate students studying philosophy, law, political science, sociology, psychology, etc., educators, researchers, scholars, and anyone who shows an interest in philosophy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-9558-3
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  • 21
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    Neural Machines: A Defense of Non-Representationalism in Cognitive Neuroscience (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031267468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 198 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Brain and Mind 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Neurosciences. ; Science
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part 1. Mechanisms -- Chapter 1. The New Mechanistic Theory of Explanation: a primer -- Chapter 2. Mechanistic explanatory texts -- Part 2. Representations -- Chapter 3. Representations and mechanisms do not mix -- Chapter 4. Indicator contents -- Chapter 5. Structural contents -- Chapter 6. Teleosemantics -- Part 3. Objections -- Chapter 7. The dual-explananda defence -- Chapter 8. The Pragmatic Necessity defence -- Part 4. Applications -- Chapter 9. Applications and future directions -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: In this book, Matej Kohar demonstrates how the new mechanistic account of explanation can be used to support a non-representationalist view of explanations in cognitive neuroscience, and therefore can bring new conceptual tools to the non-representationalist arsenal. Kohar focuses on the explanatory relevance of representational content in constitutive mechanistic explanations typical in cognitive neuroscience. The work significantly contributes to two areas of literature: 1) the debate between representationalism and non-representationalism, and 2) the literature on mechanistic explanation. Kohar begins with an introduction to the mechanistic theory of explanation, focusing on the analysis of mechanistic constitution as the basis of explanatory relevance in constitutive mechanistic explanation. He argues that any viable analysis of representational contents implies that content is not constitutively relevant to cognitive phenomena. The author also addresses objections against his argument and concludes with an examination of the consequences of his account for both traditional cognitive neuroscience and non-representationalist alternatives. This book is of interest to readers in philosophy of mind, cognitive science and neuroscience.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26746-8
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    Knowledge, Mind and Reality: An Introduction by Early Twentieth-Century American Women Philosophers (2023)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031244377
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 344 p. 2 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; United States—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Science ; Philosophy ; United States
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Nature of philosophy -- Chapter 2. Knowledge: reason and experience -- Chapter 3. Science and objectivity -- Chapter 4. The physical and the material -- Chapter 5. Individuals and time -- Chapter 6. Freedom and time.
    Abstract: This book is the first volume featuring the work of American women philosophers in the first half of the twentieth century. It provides selected papers authored by Mary Whiton Calkins, Grace Andrus de Laguna, Grace Neal Dolson, Marjorie Glicksman Grene, Marjorie Silliman Harris, Thelma Zemo Lavine, Marie Collins Swabey, Ellen Bliss Talbot, Dorothy Walsh and Margaret Floy Washburn. The book also provides the historical and philosophical background to their work. The papers focus on the nature of philosophy, knowledge, the philosophy of science, the mind-matter nexus, the nature of time, and the question of freedom and the individual. The material is suitable for scholars, researchers and advanced philosophy students interested in (history of) philosophy; theories of knowledge; philosophy of science; mind, and reality.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24437-7
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    Realism, Value, and Transcendental Arguments between Neopragmatism and Analytic Philosophy (2023)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031280429
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 202 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Pragmatism. ; Metaphysics. ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: On the Viennese Background of Harvard Neopragmatism: Logical Empiricism between Pragmatism and Neopragmatism -- Chapter 3: Brandom on Pragmatism -- Chapter 4: Pragmatic Realism, Idealism, and Pluralism: A Rescherian Balance? -- Chapter 5: “Languaged” World, “Worlded” Language: On Margolis’s Pragmatic Integration of Realism and Idealism -- Chapter 6: The Will to Believe, Epistemic Virtue, and Holistic Transcendental Pragmatism -- Chapter 7: Toward a Pragmatist Metaphysics of the Fact-Value Entanglement: Emergence or Continuity? -- Chapter 8: Finnish Versions of Pragmatist Humanism: Eino Kaila and Georg Henrik von Wright as Quasi-Pragmatists -- Chapter 9: A New Look at Wittgenstein and Pragmatism.
    Abstract: The essays collected in this volume and authored by Sami Pihlström emphasize that our relation to the world we live in and seek to represent and get to know better through our practices of conceptualization and inquiry is irreducibly valuational. There is no way of even approaching, let alone resolving, the philosophical issue of realism without drawing due attention to the ways in which human values are inextricably entangled with even the most purely “factual” projects of inquiry we engage in. This entanglement of the factual and the normative is, as explicitly argued in Chapter 7 but implicitly suggested in all the other chapters as well, both pragmatic (practice-embedded and practice-involving) and transcendental (operating at the level of the necessary conditions for the possibility of our representing and cognizing the world in general). The author claims we need to carefully examine the complex relations of realism, value, and transcendental arguments at the intersection of pragmatism and analytic philosophy. This book does so by offering case-studies of various important neopragmatists and philosophers close to the pragmatist tradition, including Hilary Putnam, Nicholas Rescher, Joseph Margolis, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. It appeals to scholars and advanced graduate students focusing on pragmatism and analytic philosophy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28042-9
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    On Hilbert's Sixth Problem (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030838379
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 191 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 441
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: Foreword -- 1. Preliminary -- Part I. Physics: A Primer. 2. Classical mechanics -- 3. Variational calculus -- 4. Lagrangian formulation -- 5. Hamilton’s equations -- 6. Hamilton–Jacobi theory -- 7. Where the action is -- 8. From classical to quantum -- 9. Field theory -- 10. Electromagnetism -- 11. Special relativity -- 12. General relativity -- 13. Gauge field theories -- Part II. Axiomatics. 14. Axiomatizations in ZFC -- Part III. Technicalities. 15. Hierarchies -- Part IV. More applications. 16. Arnol’d’s 1974 problems -- 17. Forcing and gravitation -- 18. Economics and ecology -- Part V. Computer science. 19. Fast–growing functions -- Part VI. Hypercomputation. 20. Hypercomputation -- References.
    Abstract: This book explores the premise that a physical theory is an interpretation of the analytico–canonical formalism. Throughout the text, the investigation stresses that classical mechanics in its Lagrangian formulation is the formal backbone of theoretical physics. The authors start from a presentation of the analytico–canonical formalism for classical mechanics, and its applications in electromagnetism, Schrödinger's quantum mechanics, and field theories such as general relativity and gauge field theories, up to the Higgs mechanism. The analysis uses the main criterion used by physicists for a theory: to formulate a physical theory we write down a Lagrangian for it. A physical theory is a particular instance of the Lagrangian functional. So, there is already an unified physical theory. One only has to specify the corresponding Lagrangian (or Lagrangian density); the dynamical equations are the associated Euler–Lagrange equations. The theory of Suppes predicates as the main tool in the axiomatization and examples from the usual theories in physics. For applications, a whole plethora of results from logic that lead to interesting, and sometimes unexpected, consequences. This volume looks at where our physics happen and which mathematical universe we require for the description of our concrete physical events. It also explores if we use the constructive universe or if we need set–theoretically generic spacetimes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83837-9
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    The Justificatory Force of Experiences : From a Phenomenological Epistemology to the Foundations of Mathematics and Physics (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030961138
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 371 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 459
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Phenomenology .
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part I. A Phenomenological Conception of Experiential Justification. 1. Motivating PCEJ -- 2. Perceptual Justification -- 3. Intuitional Justification -- 4. How to Supplement Mentalist Evidentialism: Phenomenological Principles are the Fundamental Epistemological Principles! -- Part II. Husserl as a Proponent of PCEJ -- 5. Husserl as a Moderate Foundationalist -- 6. The Nature and Systematic Role of Evidence: Husserl as a Proponent of Mentalist Evidentialism -- 7. Husserl's Conception of Experiential Justification -- 8. Husserl’s Universal Empiricism as a Moderate Rationalism -- 9. Husserl’s Phenomenological Intuitionism -- Part III. Transcendental Phenomenology as the Ultimate Science. 10. Transcendental Phenomenology as an Epistemological Project -- 11. New Ways to Transcendental Phenomenology -- 12. Transcendental Phenomenology as the Project of Ultimate Elucidation -- Part IV. The Phenomenological Foundations of the Individual Sciences. 13. Sources of Knowledge: The Correlational A Priori -- 14. The Phenomenological Foundations of Mathematics: Introducing a Phenomenological Intuitionism -- 15. Phenomenological Approaches to Physics -- Conclusion -- Index.
    Abstract: This book offers a phenomenological conception of experiential justification that seeks to clarify why certain experiences are a source of immediate justification and what role experiences play in gaining (scientific) knowledge. Based on the author's account of experiential justification, this book exemplifies how a phenomenological experience-first epistemology can epistemically ground the individual sciences. More precisely, it delivers a comprehensive picture of how we get from epistemology to the foundations of mathematics and physics. The book is unique as it utilizes methods and insights from the phenomenological tradition in order to make progress in current analytic epistemology. It serves as a starting point for re-evaluating the relevance of Husserlian phenomenology to current analytic epistemology and making an important step towards paving the way for future mutually beneficial discussions. This is achieved by exemplifying how current debates can benefit from ideas, insights, and methods we find in the phenomenological tradition.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96113-8
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    Philosophical Perspectives in Quantum Chemistry (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030983734
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 247 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 461
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The historical origins of quantum chemistry by Ana Simoes -- Quantum chemistry as an “in-between” discipline by Kostas Gavroglu -- Quantum chemistry from a pragmatic pluralist perspective by Hasok Chang -- The role of quantum chemistry in the relation between chemistry and physics by Hinne Hettema -- Molecular structure and quantum mechanics by Robin Hendry -- The periodic table from a quantum viewpoint by Eric Scerri -- About the ontology of quantum chemistry by Olimpia Lombardi and Juan Camilo Martínez González -- Quantum chemistry and affordances by Jean-Pierre Lorred -- The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules from a quantum perspective by Sebastian Fortin and Jesús Jaimes Arriaga -- Atoms and molecules in quantum chemistry by Brian Sutcliffe -- Quantum chemistry and the representationalist view of models by Hernán Accorinty and Juan Camilo Martínez González.
    Abstract: This book explores the philosophy and the foundations of quantum chemistry. It features chapters written by experts in the field. The contributions analyze quantum chemistry as a discipline, in particular, its relation with both chemistry and physics from the viewpoint of realism and reduction. Coverage includes such topics as quantum chemistry as an “in-between” discipline, molecular structure and quantum mechanics, quantum chemical models, and atoms and molecules in quantum chemistry. The interest of this book is twofold. First, the contributions aim to update and refresh the discussions regarding the foundations of quantum chemistry. Second, they seek to develop new philosophical perspectives that this discipline can suggest to philosophers of science. From its origins, quantum chemistry filled a problematic position in the disciplinary space. On the one hand, it is a branch of theoretical chemistry. On the other hand, it appeals essentially to theoretical tools coming from physics. This peculiar position triggered conceptual questions about its own identity. Inside this book, readers will find updated discussions on the foundations and the philosophy of this complex discipline.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98373-4
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    The Nature of the Economy : Aristotelian Essays on the Philosophy and Epistemology of Economics (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031024535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 230 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics—History. ; Philosophy. ; Economics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of economics ; History of economic thought ; Economic methodology ; Nature of the economy ; Ontology of Social Collectives
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction : Does Economics Deal with the Economic Stuff? Or Is the Economic Stuff Explained by Economics? -- Chapter 2. Metaphysics, Ontology, and Metaphysical Theories -- Chapter 3. Metaphysical Categories -- Chapter 4. The Metaphysics and Ontology of the Economy. Chapter 5. The Identity of the Economic Agent -- Chapter 6. The Human Person as Worker -- Chapter 7. The Metaphysics of Social Collectives -- Chapter 8. On the Relation between Micro- and Macroeconomic “Entities”—A Philosophical Approach -- Chapter 9. On the Nature of Money -- Chapter 10. Economic Sciences -- Chapter 11. Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book explores the deep meaning—the nature or essence—of the economy and its fundamental components. As a monograph on the philosophy of the economy and economics, it deduces the metaphysical nature of these two, going step by step from more general to more specific realities to finally arrive at the adequate features of the economic sciences and their methods. It builds on a largely Aristotelian approach, but also draws extensively from modern scholarship in the area. Usefully and pertinently, the book covers both general aspects of the economy and particular historically specific features. Among the important topics covered in the book are the meanings of the economy, the nature and role of economic agents, the nature of the macroeconomy, the nature and role of money, and so on. The book concludes with chapters on the nature of economics itself and its methodologies. Ricardo F. Crespo is Professor of Philosophy of Economics at IAE, Universidad Austral, and Researcher at the Argentine Council of Scientific Research. He is a graduate in economics and philosophy and earned a Ph. D. in Philosophy (Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina) and another in Economics (University of Amsterdam). He has extensively published articles and chapter books on his research topics. Recent publications of him include articles in Synthese, the Journal of Institutional Economics, Foundations of Science, Cambridge Journal of Economics, and the Journal of Applied Economics. His last book is The Nature and Method of Economic Sciences. Evidence, Causality, and Ends (Routledge, London, 2020). His current research interests include explanation in the social sciences, economic rationality, and ethics in economics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-02453-5
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    Époque Émilienne : Philosophy and Science in the Age of Émilie Du Châtelet (1706-1749) (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030899219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 547 p. 44 illus., 18 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences 11
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Feminism. ; Feminist theory. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Enlightenment. ; Gravitation. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part 1: Du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Kant -- Chapter 1. Émilie Du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Kant. Eberhard and the Transcendental Turn (Ruth Hagengruber) -- Chapter 2. The Significance of Du Châtelet's Proof of the Parallelogram of Forces (Katherine Dunlop) -- Chapter 3. Du Châtelet's Contribution to the Concept of Time. History of Philosophy between Leibniz and Kant (Clara Carus) -- Chapter 4. The Reception of Émilie Du Châtelet in the German Enlightenment in the Light of the Controversy over Monads (Andrea Reichenberger) -- Chapter 5. Émilie du Châtelet in the Correspondence between Christian Wolff and Ernst Christoph of Manteuffel (Hanns-Peter Neumann) -- Part 2:Methodical Questions: Du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Newton -- Chapter 6. Three French Newtonians and their Leibniz Background (Hartmut Hecht) -- Chapter 7. Les corps agissent sur la lumière." Émilie Du Châtelet's Deliberations on the Nature of Light in her Essai sur l'optique (Fritz Nagel) -- Chapter 8. Émilie Du Châtelet's Epistemology of Hypotheses (Gianni Paganini) -- Chapter 9. Émilie Du Châtelet’s Institutions physiques considered as a philosophy of science based on the history of science (Dieter Suisky) -- Chapter 10. Leibnizian Causes in a Newtonian World - Émilie Du Châtelet on Causation (Ansgar Lyssi) -- Chapter 11. Du Châtelet on Newtonian Attraction (Marco Storni) -- Part 3: Du Châtelet and Newton -- Chapter 12. Making Scientific Theories: Émilie Du Châtelet's Circle and the Newtonian "Revolution" (Robyn Arianrhod) -- Chapter 13. Émilie Du Châtelet and Newton’s Principia (Michel Toulmonde) -- Chapter 14. Du Châtelet’s Commentary on Newton’s Principia: An Assessment (George Smith) -- Part 4: Du Châtelet in Italy -- Chapter 15. Émilie Du Châtelet and Italy. The Italian translation of Émilie Du Châtelet's Institutions physiques in intellectual context (Sarah Hutton) -- Chapter 16. Du Châtelet in Italy: Who was behind Du Châtelet’s Italian Translation? (Romana Bassi) -- Part 5: Du Châtelet in France -- Chapter 17. "Anonymity and Ambition": Émilie Du Châtelet's Dissertation du feu (1744) (Keiko Kawashima) -- Chapter 18. "D'une marquise l'autre. Mme Du Châtelet et les Enretiens sur la pluralité des mondes de Fontenelle" (Christophe Martin) -- Chapter 19. Scientia Sexualis: Voltaire, La Mettrie and Émilie Du Châtelet on Love (Gabor Boros) -- Chapter 20. Émilie Du Châtelet and La Mettrie (Anne Thomson) -- Chapter 21. Natural Pleasure: Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis’s Contribution to a Materialist Conception of the Erotic (Waltraud Ernst) -- Chapter 22. The Influence of Epicurean thought on Mme Du Châtelet's Discours sur le Bonheur (Alexsandra Gierault) -- Chapter 23. Self-Deception and Illusions of Esteem: Contextualizing Châtelet's Challenge (Andreas Blank) -- Chapter 24. Mme Du Châtelet, Clandestine Philosopher (Susan 24. Seguin) -- Chapter 25. Mme Du Châtelet, a heterodox philosopher reads the Bible (Bertram Schwarzbach) -- Part 6: Du Châtelet: Manuscript and Editing History -- Chapter 26. Les manuscrits d‘Émilie Du Châtelet conservés à la Bibliothèque nationale de Russie (Natalia Speranskaja) -- Chapter 27. Printing Du Châtelet's Institutions de Physique: The Variant Texts (Ronald Smelzer) -- List of abbreviations.
    Abstract: The present book contextualizes Du Châtelet’s contribution to the philosophy of her time. The editor offers this tribute to an Époque Émilienne as a collection of innovative papers on Emilie Du Châtelet’s powerful philosophy and legacy. Du Châtelet was an outstanding figure in the era she lived in. Her work and achievements were unique, though not an exception in the 18th century, which did not lack outstanding women. Her personal intellectual education, her scholarly network and her mental acumen were celebrated in her time, perceiving her to have “multiplied nine figures by nine figures in her head”. She was able to gain access to institutions which were normally denied to women. To call an epoch an Époque Émilienne may be seen as daring and audacious, but it will not be the last time if we continue to bring women philosophers back into the memory of the history of philosophy. The contributors paid attention to the philosophical state of the art, which forms the background to Du Châtelet’s philosophy. They follow the transformation of philosophical concepts under her pen and retrace the impact of her ideas. The book is of interest to scholars working in the history of philosophy as well as in gender studies. It is of special interest for scholars working on the 18th century, Kant, Leibniz, Wolff, Newton and the European Enlightenment.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89921-9
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    The Responsibility of Science (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030915971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 255 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Moral and ethical aspects. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mass media—Moral and ethical aspects.
    Abstract: Preface -- Part 1. Analyses of the Responsibility of Science -- 1. Responsibility in Science: The Philosophical View (Hans Lenk) -- 2. Science as a Profession and its Responsibility (Harald A. Mieg) -- 3. Corporate Responsibility: A Principle of Responsive Adjustment (Peter A. French) -- Part 2. The Social Sciences View: Structural Conditions for Science Responsibility -- 4. Science Policy: From the Linear Model to Responsible Research and Innovation (Philip Macnaghten) -- 5. European Law: The Precautionary Principle and Science-based Innovation in Europe (Ellen Vos & Kristel de Smedt) -- 6. History of Science: Ambivalence(s) in the Research and use of Nuclear Energy (Horst Kant) -- Part 3. The Scientists' Voice on the Responsibility of Science -- 7. Between Parrhesia and Fake: Scientific Responsibility Today (Rainer E. Zimmermann) -- 8. On the Responsibility of Science for Guaranteeing Human Rights: In the Fight Against Human Degradation, Racism, and Anti-Semitism (Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski) -- 9. The Ambivalences of the Digital: Humans and Technologies Between new Options (dreams) and (un)noticeable Losses (Hartmut Graßl et al.)- Index.
    Abstract: This open acccess book provides an overview of issues of scientific responsibility. The volume comprises three types of contributions: first, analyses of the responsibility of science; second, analyses of the structural conditions for science and its responsibility; and third, normative versions of scientific responsibility. The questions and problems dealt with include science as a profession, ambivalence of research and dual-use, innovation vs. precaution, notions of responsibility, the role of science within society and its relation to human rights, as well as scientific and public discourses. The book addresses scholars in the fields of Science Studies and Research Policy.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91597-1
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: Cover
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    Current Trends in Philosophy of Science : A Prospective for the Near Future (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031013157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 298 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 462
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Pragmatism.
    Abstract: 1. From the Current Trends in Philosophy of Science to the Prospects for the Near Future (Wenceslao J. Gonzalez) -- Part I. Philosophy of Medicine and Climate Change. 2. Philosophy of science meets medicine (again): a clearer-sighted view of the virtues of blinding and of tests for blinding in clinical trials (John Worrall) -- 3. Environmental decision-making under uncertainty (Joe Roussos, Richard Bradley, and Roman Frigg) -- Part II. Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet. 4. Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy of Science from the 1990s to the early 2020s (Donald Gillies and Marco Gillies) -- 5. Whatever happened to the logic of discovery? From transparent logic to alien reasoning (Thomas Nickles) -- 6. Scientific Side of the Future of the Internet as a Complex System. The Role of Prediction and Prescription of Applied Sciences (Wenceslao J. Gonzalez) -- Part III. New Analyses of Probability and the Use of Mathematics in Practice. 7. From Logical to Probabilistic Empiricism: Arguments for Pluralism (Maria Carla Galavotti) -- 8. Instrumental Realism -- A New Start for Mathematics and Scientific Practice (Ladislav Kvasz) -- Part IV. Scientific Progress Revisited. 9. Scientific Progress and the Search for Truth (Philip Kitcher) -- 10. The Logic of Qualitative Progress in Nomic, Design, and Explicative Research (Theo Kuipers) -- Part V. Scientific Realism and the Instrumentalist Alternative. 11. Explicating Inference to the Best Explanation (Ilkka Niiniluoto) -- 12. Re-inflating the Realism-Instrumentalism Controversy (Stathis Psillos) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book seeks to provide new perspectives, to broaden the field of philosophy of science, or to renew themes that have had a great impact on the profession. Thus, after an initial chapter to situate the current trends in philosophy of science and the prospective of the near future, it offers contributions in five thematic blocks: I) Philosophy of Medicine and Climate Change; II) Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet; III) New Analyses of Probability and the Use of Mathematics in Practice; IV) Scientific Progress Revisited; and V) Scientific Realism and the Instrumentalist Alternative. Within this framework, the volume addresses such relevant issues as the methodological validity of medical evidence or decision making in situations of uncertainty; recent advances in Artificial Intelligence and the future of the Internet; current forms of empirically based methodological pluralism and new ways of understanding mathematics with scientific practice; and the revision of the approaches to scientific progress based on the experiences accumulated in recent decades.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-01315-7
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    Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783319310695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(170 illus., 85 illus. in color. eReference.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Encyclopedia of early modern philosophy and the sciences
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; History. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: This Encyclopedia offers a fresh, integrated and creative perspective on the formation and foundations of philosophy and science in European modernity. Combining careful contextual reconstruction with arguments from traditional philosophy, the book examines methodological dimensions, breaks down traditional oppositions such as rationalism vs. empiricism, calls attention to gender issues, to ‘insiders and outsiders’, minor figures in philosophy, and underground movements, among many other topics. In addition, and in line with important recent transformations in the fields of history of science and early modern philosophy, the volume recognizes the specificity and significance of early modern science and discusses important developments including issues of historiography (such as historical epistemology), the interplay between the material culture and modes of knowledge, expert knowledge and craft knowledge. This book stands at the crossroads of different disciplines and combines their approaches – particularly the history of science, the history of philosophy, contemporary philosophy of science, and intellectual and cultural history. It brings together over 100 philosophers, historians of science, historians of mathematics, and medicine offering a comprehensive view of early modern philosophy and the sciences. It combines and discusses recent results from two very active fields: early modern philosophy and the history of (early modern) science. Editorial Board EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Dana Jalobeanu University of Bucharest, Romania Charles T. Wolfe Ghent University, Belgium ASSOCIATE EDITORS Delphine Bellis University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Zvi Biener University of Cincinnati, OH, USA Angus Gowland University College London, UK Ruth Hagengruber University of Paderborn, Germany Hiro Hirai Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Martin Lenz University of Groningen, The Netherlands Gideon Manning CalTech, Pasadena, CA, USA Silvia Manzo University of La Plata, Argentina Enrico Pasini University of Turin, Italy Cesare Pastorino TU Berlin, Germany Lucian Petrescu Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Justin E. H. Smith University de Paris Diderot, France Marius Stan Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Koen Vermeir CNRS-SPHERE + Université de Paris, France Kirsten Walsh University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31069-5
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    Historical Epistemology and European Philosophy of Science : Rethinking Critical Rationalism and Transcendentalism (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030963323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 402 p. 4 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 62
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Pragmatism.
    Abstract: Chapter 1: The epistemological problem of scientific objectivity -- Chapter 2: Axiomatic thought and philosophy from neo-scholasticism to neo-realism -- Chapter 3: For a historical-critical epistemology. From the critique of epistemology to critical epistemology -- Chapter 4: Language and ontology between science and hermeneutics -- Chapter 5: The axiological dimensions of scientific research -- Chapter 6: The ideal models and the problem of the scientific method -- Chapter 7: Epistemology as hermeneutics of knowledge -- Chapter 8: Pragmatism and Objectivity. .
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive analysis on the evolution of philosophy of science, with a special emphasis on the European tradition of the twentieth century. At first, it shows how the epistemological problem of the objectivity of knowledge and axiomatic knowledge have been previously tackled by transcendentalism, critical rationalism and hermeneutics. In turn, it analyses the axiological dimension of scientific research, moving from traditional model of science and of scientific methods, to the construction of a new image of knowledge that leverages the philosophical tradition of the Milan School. Using this historical-epistemological approach, the author rethinks the Kantian Transcendental, showing how it could be better integrated in the current philosophy of science, to answer important questions such as the relationship between science and history, scientific and social perspectives and philosophy and technology, among others. Not only this book provides a comprehensive study of the evolution of European Philosophy of Science in the twentieth century, yet it offers a new, historical and epistemological-based approach, that could be used to answers many urgent questions of contemporary societies.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96332-3
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    Ockhamism and Philosophy of Time : Semantic and Metaphysical Issues Concerning Future Contingents (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030903596
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 171 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 452
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Linguistics. ; Philosophy, Medieval.
    Abstract: 1. From William of Ockham to contemporary Ockhamism and back again: an overview (Alessio Santelli) -- 2. The Metaphysics of Ockhamism (Andrea Iacona) -- 3. The Metaphysics of Passage in Dynamical Reduction Models of Quantum Mechanics (Giuliano Torrengo and Cristian Mariani) -- 4. Ockham on Time (Cecilia Trifogli) -- 5. Future Contingents in a Branching Universe (Mitchell S. Green) -- 6. Ockhamistic Inspiration in Modern Tense-Logic (Peter Øhrstrøm and David Jakobsen) -- 7. Ockhamism without Molinism (Jacek Wawer) -- 8. Presentism, Ockhamism and Truth-Grounding (Fabrice Correia and Sven Rosenkranz) -- 9. A too thin true future: The problem of grounding within presentist TRL semantics (Ciro De Florio and Aldo Frigerio).
    Abstract: This book discusses fundamental topics on contemporary Ockhamism. The collected essays show how contemporary Ockhamism can impact areas of research such as semantics, metaphysics and also the philosophy of science. In addition, the volume hosts one historian of Medieval philosophy who investigates the way in which William of Ockham “in flesh and bone” construed time and, more generally, future contingency. The essays explore the different meanings of this theory. They cover three main topics, in particular. The first examines the thesis that sentences and propositions about the future have a definite truth value, without any ensuing commitment to determinism or fatalism. The second topic looks at the problem whether the branching-time model needs to countenance a privileged branch (the so-called Thin Red Line). Finally, the third topic considers the idea that there are so-called soft facts. These would be the subject matter of sentences and propositions verbally about the present or the past, but metaphysically about a later time, and which might change in the future. Overall, the book provides an updated and rigorous idea of the debate about Ockhamism. It gives readers a deeper understanding into this philosophical approach influenced by William of Ockham, characterized by the rejection of the Aristotelian idea that, in order to preserve the contingency of the future, future contingents must be deemed neither true nor false.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90359-6
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    Levels of Reality in Science and Philosophy : Re-examining the Multi-level Structure of Reality (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030994259
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 292 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Jerusalem Studies in Philosophy and History of Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Metaphysics.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction (Meir Hemmo, Stavros Ioannidis, Orly Shenker, Gal Vishne) -- Chapter 2. Phenomenality and Accessibility of Conscious Experience (Katalin Balog) -- Chapter 3. Levels of Reality and Levels of Description (Yemima Ben-Menahem) -- Chapter 4. Levels of Reality and the Method of Metaphysics (Michael Esfeld) -- Chapter 5. Can the Extended Current-Physics Reply Avoid Hempel's Dilemma? (Erez Firt) -- Chapter 6. How Context Can Determine the Identity of Physical Computation (Nir Fresco) -- Chapter 7. The Incremental Chain of Being (John Heil) -- Chapter 8. How to Carve Nature at its Joints (Meir Hemmo & Orly Shenker) -- Chapter 9. Fleeing from Flat Physicalism (Carl Hoefer) -- Chapter 10. Is Mechanistic Investigation Reductive? (Arnon Levy) -- Chapter 11. Levels in the Mentaculus (Barry Loewer) -- Chapter 12. Structural Interpretation and Reductionism (Holger Lyre) -- Chapter 13. Physicalism: Flat or Egalitarian? (Gualtiero Piccinini) -- Chapter 14. Levels of Mechanism: Constitution vs Causation (Stathis Psillos & Stavros Ioannidis) -- Chapter 15. Rethinking the Unity of Science Hypothesis: Levels, Mechanisms, and Realization (Lawrence Shapiro) -- Chapter 16. Supervenience, Levels, and Probability (Elliott Sober).
    Abstract: This book offers a unique perspective on one of the deepest questions about the world we live in: is reality multi-leveled, or can everything be reduced to some fundamental ‘flat’ level? This deep philosophical issue has widespread implications in philosophy, since it is fundamental to how we understand the world and the basic entities in it. Both the notion of ‘levels’ within science and their ontological implications are issues that are underexplored in the philosophical literature. The volume reconsiders the view that reality contains many levels and opens new ways to understand the ontological status of the special sciences. The book focuses on major open questions that arise at the foundations of cognitive science, cognitive psychology, brain science and other special sciences, in particular with respect to the physical foundations of these sciences. For example: Is the mental computational? Do brains compute? How can the special sciences be autonomous from physics, grounded in, or based on, physics and at the same time irreducible to physics? The book is an important read for scientists and philosophers alike. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of mind and biology interested in the notion of levels, but also to psychologists, cognitive scientists and neuroscientists investigating such issues as the precise relation of the mental to the underlying neural structures and the appropriate approach to study it.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99425-9
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    Hierarchical Emergent Ontology and the Universal Principle of Emergence (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030981488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 252 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Philosophy of nature. ; Ontology. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Abstract: 1. Reductionism and holism -- 2. Towards a universal principle of emergence (UPE) -- 3. Emergence in physical systems -- 4. Hierarchical emergent ontology (HEO) -- Conclusion: Emergence and the open universe.
    Abstract: This book offers a new look at emergence in terms of a hierarchical emergent ontology. Emergence is recognised as a universal principle, as universal as the principle of evolution. This is achieved by setting out the ontological criteria of emergence and such criteria’s various roles. The traditional dichotomies are overcome, e.g., the synchronic and diachronic perspectives are unified, allowing a single, universal principle of emergence to be applied across various fields of science. As exemplars of its practical utility in both explanation and prediction, this new approach is applied to three different scientific areas: cellular automata, quantum Hall effects, and the neural network of the mind. It proves that the resulting metaphysics of hierarchical emergent ontology plays a fundamental role in unifying science, an impossible task under classical reductionism.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98148-8
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    Discoverability : The Urgent Need of an Ecology of Human Creativity (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030933296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 156 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Discoverability Explained: Optimizing the Eco-Cognitive Situatedness -- 2. Curing Eco-Cognitive Situatedness: Diagnosticability, Affordances, Abduction -- 3. Eco-Cognitive Openness and Eco-Cognitive Closure: Locking or Unlocking Strategies? “Knowledge in Motion” Defended -- 4. Jeopardizing Discoverability Epistemic Irresponsibility: Human Creative Abduction Attacked -- 5. The Future of Eco-Cognitive Settings Computationally or Humanly Tailored? -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The book analyses the concept of discoverability, and some current epistemological problems related to it, with a special attention to science. It shows that discoverability is closely related to the sustainability of human creativity in an "eco-cognitive" perspective. Advocating the need of an integral ecology and leveraging the important concept of abduction, it demonstrates that an ecology of human creativity should have priority over other needs, i.e that the first ecological duty is to protect and sustain discoverability. Enhancing discoverability will protect human creativity, and it is exactly human creativity, a form of innovative abductive cognition, that can promote the implementation of the other kinds of ecology. The author guides readers through a comprehensive discussion on the concept of discoverability, eco-cognitive situatedness, and eco-cognitive openness and closure alike. By describing some key real-world examples, he highlights the main challenges that are currently posed to human creativity and epistemic integrity. He also describes future eco-cognitive settings, discussing the problem of overcomputationalism and suggesting a reinterpretation of the role of human knowledge. Overall, this book fills an important gap in the literature on the nexus abduction – creativity – discovery, offering a source of inspiration to philosophers, epistemologists, and cognitive scientists. Yet, it also addresses researchers in other disciplines interested in the problems of scientific discovery and epistemic integrity of research.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93329-6
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    The Temporality of Determinacy : Functional Relations in Metaphysics and Science (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030865306
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 301 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Metaphysics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Determinacy and Functional Relations -- 3. The Temporality of Determinacy I: Philosophy of Non-Physical Sciences -- 4. The Temporality of Determinacy II: Philosophy of Physical Sciences -- 5. The Temporality of Determinacy III: Kant and Contemporary Philosophy -- 6. Conclusion. .
    Abstract: Metaphysics has often held that laws of nature, if legitimate, must be time-independent. Yet mounting evidence from the foundations of science suggests that this constraint may be obsolete. This book provides arguments against this atemporality conjecture, which it locates both in metaphysics and in the philosophy of science, drawing on developments in a range of fields, from the foundations of physics to the philosophy of finance. It then seeks to excavate an alternative philosophical lineage which reconciles time-dependent laws with determinism, converging in the thought of Immanuel Kant.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86530-6
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    Thought Experiments (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030810825
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 130 p. 9 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Analysis (Philosophy).
    Abstract: Introduction: What are thought experiments? -- The main characteristics: stages of experiments, their role in science in philosophy, their closest relatives -- Uderstanding the thought experiments: empiricist, Platonist and inferentialist proposals, the mental modelling as alternative -- The challenge of experimental philosophy -- Understanding the history of influential though-experiments -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book offers a readable introduction to the main aspects of thought experimenting in philosophy and science (together with related imaginative activities in mathematics and linguistics). It presents the main options in understanding thought experiments, from empiricism to Platonism, and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. However, it also provides some original perspectives on the topic. Firstly, it provides a new definition and analysis of thought experimenting that brings it closer to laboratory experimenting. Secondly, it develops the author’s earlier theory of “mental modelling”, proposed some decades ago by him, and some other researchers in the field as the crucial procedure in thought experimenting. The mental modelling approach links work with thought experimenting to cognitive science and to research on mental simulation which is a hot topic in present-day research. Thirdly, it proposes a principled way to respond to criticism of thought experimenting by “experimental philosophers” as they have been dominating the present-day debates. The response suggests a possible ameliorative, self-help project for thought experimenting. Finally, the book provides a way to systematize the history of important thought experiments in science and philosophy and thus connects, in an original way, the systematic investigation of experimenting to the historical work of famous thought experiments. It is of interest to scholars interested in history of ideas and philosophy of science.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81082-5
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    Open Science: the Very Idea (2022)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789402421156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 247 pages) , 4 b/w illustrations, 21 illustrations in colour
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Sociology. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Science—Social aspects.
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Science and Society – Chapter 2: Images of Science: A reality check -- Science in Transition: How science goes wrong and what to do about it -- Chapter 4: Science & Society: pragmatism by default -- Chapter 5: Science in Social Contexts -- Chapter 6: Science in Transition reduced to Practice -- chapter 7: Transition to Open Science.
    Abstract: This open access book provides a broad context for the understanding of current problems of science and of the different movements aiming to improve the societal impact of science and research. The author offers insights with regard to ideas, old and new, about science, and their historical origins in philosophy and sociology of science, which is of interest to a broad readership. The book shows that scientifically grounded knowledge is required and helpful in understanding intellectual and political positions in various discussions on the grand challenges of our time and how science makes impact on society. The book reveals why interventions that look good or even obvious, are often met with resistance and are hard to realize in practice. Based on a thorough analysis, as well as personal experiences in aids research, university administration and as a science observer, the author provides - while being totally open regarding science's limitations- a realistic narrative about how research is conducted, and how reliable ‘objective’ knowledge is produced. His idea of science, which draws heavily on American pragmatism, fits in with the global Open Science movement. It is argued that Open Science is a truly and historically unique movement in that it translates the analysis of the problems of science into major institutional actions of system change in order to improve academic culture and the impact of science, engaging all actors in the field of science and academia.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-2115-6
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: Cover
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    The asymmetric nature of time : accounting for the open future and the fixed past (2022)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031097638
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 216 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Synthese Library 468
    Series Statement: Synthese 〈Dordrecht〉 / Library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Ontology. ; Metaphysics. ; Relativity (Physics). ; Gravitation. ; Quantum physics.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. How is the Asymmetry between the Open Future and the Fixed Past to be characterized? -- 3. A Model for the Asymmetry -- 4. Reconciling the Asymmetry with Contemporary Physics -- 5. Conclusion -- Bibliography.
    Abstract: This open access monograph offers a detailed study and a systematic defense of a key intuition we typically have, as human beings, with respect to the nature of time: the intuition that the future is open, whereas the past is fixed. For example, whereas it seems unsettled whether there will be a fourth world war, it is settled that there was a first world war. The book contributes, in particular, three major and original insights. First, it provides a coherent, non-metaphorical, and metaphysically illuminating elucidation of the intuition. Second, it determines which model of the temporal structure of the world is most appropriate to accommodate the intuition, and settles on a specific version of the Growing Block Theory of time (GBT). Third, it puts forward a naturalistic foundation for GBT, by exploiting recent results of our best physics (viz. General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and Quantum Gravity). Three main challenges are addressed: the dismissal of temporal asymmetries as non-fundamental phenomena only (e.g., thermodynamic or causal phenomena), the epistemic objection against GBT, and the apparent tension between GBT and relativistic physics. It is argued that the asymmetry between the open future and the fixed past must be grounded in the temporal structure of the world, and that this is neither precluded by our epistemic device, nor by the latest approaches to Quantum Gravity ( e.g., the Causal Set Theory). Aiming at reconciling time as we find it in ordinary experience and time as physics describes it, this innovative book will raise the interest of both academic researchers and graduate students working on the philosophy of time. More generally, it presents contents of interest for all metaphysicians and non-dogmatic philosophers of physics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-09763-8
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    Analogue quantum simulation : a new instrument for scientific understanding (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030872168
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (153 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics. ; Quantum optics. ; Spintronics.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Distinctions with a Difference -- 3. Case Studies -- 4. Understanding Understanding -- 5. Methodological Mapping -- 6. Norms for Simulation and Emulation -- 7. Conclusion and Prospectus.
    Abstract: This book presents fresh insights into analogue quantum simulation. It argues that these simulations are a new instrument of science. They require a bespoke philosophical analysis, sensitive to both the similarities to and the differences with conventional scientific practices such as analogical argument, experimentation, and classical simulation. The analysis situates the various forms of analogue quantum simulation on the methodological map of modern science. In doing so, it clarifies the functions that analogue quantum simulation serves in scientific practice. To this end, the authors introduce a number of important terminological distinctions. They establish that analogue quantum ‘computation' and ‘emulation' are distinct scientific practices and lead to distinct forms of scientific understanding. The authors also demonstrate the normative value of the computation vs. emulation distinction at both an epistemic and a pragmatic level. The volume features a range of detailed case studies focusing on: i) cold atom computation of many-body localisation and the Higgs mode; ii) photonic emulation of quantum effects in biological systems; and iii) emulation of Hawing radiation in dispersive optical media. Overall, readers will discover a normative framework to isolate and support the goals of scientists undertaking analogue quantum simulation and emulation. This framework will prove useful to both working scientists and philosophers of science interested in cutting-edge scientific practice.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87216-8
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    The Vienna Circle and Religion (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030761516
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 283 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 25
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Vienna circle and religion
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and religion ; Vienna circle ; History ; Austria ; Austria ; Vienna ; Wiener Kreis ; Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Neopositivismus ; Theologie ; Religion
    Abstract: Editorial -- Part I: The Vienna Circle and Religion -- Chapter 1. Carnap’s Fundamental Philosophical Commitment: From Religious Origins to Kantian Non-Cognitivism, 1911-21 (A. W. Carus) -- Chapter 2. Carnap’s Non-Cognitivism and His Views on Religion. Against the Background of the Herbartian Philosophy of His Grandfather Friedrich Wilhelm Dörpfeld (Christian Damböck) -- Chapter 3. The Place of Religion. An Open Question in Schlick’s Philosophy of Culture (Massimo Ferrari) -- Chapter 4. The “Continuous Line from the Formulations of the Magicians to the Formulations of the Sociologists”. Otto Neurath on the Anthropology of Magic and Religion (Marco Brusotti) -- Chapter 5. “God Never Does Mathematics” – Hans Hahn on Religion (Julia Schäfer) -- Chapter 6. A Rabbi Among the Apostates? Josef Schächter and Religion in the Vienna Circle (Malachi Hacohen) -- Chapter 7. Josef Schächter on Religion and the Philosophy of Language: Preferring Beginnings to Ends (Esther Ramharter) -- Chapter 8. Philipp Frank and the “Conference for Science, Philosophy and Religion”, 1940-1968 (Friedrich Stadler) -- Chapter 9. Kurt Gödel’s Dogmatic Theology (Tim Lethen) -- Chapter 10. Kurt Gödel’s Reception of Charles Hartshorne’s Ontological Proof (Annika Kanckos and Tim Lethen) -- Part II: General Part -- Chapter 11. The Vienna Circle in China: The Story of Tscha Hung (Yi Jiang) -- Chapter 12. Tolerance, Disagreement, and the Practical Dimension of Philosophy Warren Hagstrom’s Interview with Carnap (Adam Tamas Tuboly) -- Part III: Reviews -- Chapter 13. Johannes Feichtinger/Franz L. Fillafer/Jan Surman (Eds.), The Worlds of Positivism. A Global Intellectual History, 1770-1930. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan 2018 (Robert Frühstückl) -- Chapter 14. Donata Romizi, Dem wissenschaftlichen Determinismus auf der Spur. Freiburg/München: Verlag Karl Alber 2019 (Marij van Strien) -- Chapter 15. Bernt Österman (Ed.), “Skriv så ofta du kan”: Brevväxlingen mellan Georg Henrik von Wright och Eino Kaila 1937 – 1958 [“Write as often as You Can”: The Correspondence between Georg Henrik von Wright and Eino Kaila 1937 – 1958.]. Helsingfors: Svenska Litteratursällskapet 2020 (Sami Pihlström) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book is the first systematic and historical account of the Vienna Circle that deals with the relation of logical empiricists with religion as well as theology. Given the standard image of the Vienna Circle as a strong anti-metaphysical group and non-religious philosophical and intellectual movement, this book draws a surprising conclusion, namely, that several members of the famous Moritz Schlick-Circle - e.g., the left wing with Rudolf Carnap, Otto Neurath, Philipp Frank, Edgar Zilsel, but also Schlick himself - dealt with the dualisms of faith/ belief and knowledge, religion and science despite, or because of their non-cognitivist commitment to the values of Enlightenment. One remarkable exception was the philosopher and Rabbi Joseph Schächter, who wrote explicitly on religion and philosophy after the linguistic turn. The book also covers another puzzling figure: the famous logician Kurt Gödel, who wrote on theology and the ontological proof of God in his so far unpublished notebooks. The book opens up new perspectives on the Vienna Circle with its internal philosophical and political pluralism and is of value to philosophers, historians and anybody who is interested in the relation between science and religion. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76151-6
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    Powers, Time and Free Will (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030924867
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 272 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 451
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Introduction (C. Austin, A. Marmodoro and A. Roselli) -- 1. What's dynamic about causal powers? A black box! (Anna Marmodoro) -- 2. Toppling the pyramids. Physics without physical state monism (William M. R. Simpson and Simon Horsley) -- 3. Dispositional essentialism in the eternalist block (Andrea Roselli) -- 4. A dynamic B theory of time (Robert C.Koons) -- 5. Libertarian freedom in an eternalist world? (Ben Page) -- 6. The temporal structure of agency (Janice Chik) -- 7. Freedom of the will and rational abilities (Erasmus Mayr) -- 8. The power to will freely: how to re-think about the problem of free will without laws of nature (Daniel De Haan) -- 9. Laws loosened (Helen Steward) -- 10. The problem of radical freedom (Andreas Hüttemann) -- 11. How the libet tradition can contribute to understanding human action rather than free will (Sofia Bonicalzi and Mario de Caro) -- 12. The Consequence Argument and an ontology of dispositions (Mauro Dorato) -- 13. Super-Humeanism and mental causation (Michael Esfeld).
    Abstract: This book brings together twelve original contributions by leading scholars on the much-debated issues of what is free will and how can we exercise it in a world governed by laws of nature. Which conception of laws of nature best fits with how we conceive of free will? And which constraints does our conception of the laws of nature place on how we think of free will? The metaphysics of causation and the metaphysics of dispositions are also explored in this edited volume, in relation to whether they may or may not be game-changers in how we think about both free will and the laws of nature. The volume presents the views of a range of international experts on these issues, and aims at providing the reader with novel approaches to a core problem in philosophy. The target audience is composed by academics and scholars who are interested in an original and contemporary approach to these long-debated issues. Chapters [2] and [4] are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92486-7
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  • 44
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    The Teleological and Kalam Cosmological Arguments Revisited (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030944032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 387 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Palgrave Frontiers in Philosophy of Religion
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Metaphysics.
    Abstract: 1. Introducing the quest for an explanation -- 2. Causation and laws of nature -- 3. Arguments for the Causal Principle -- 4. Fine Tuning and Order of Our Universe -- 5. Arguments for a First Cause -- 6. What the First Cause is -- 7. Ultimate Design -- 8. Ultimate Designer.
    Abstract: ‘An innovative examination and defence of the cosmological and teleological arguments – accessible to the non-expert but pushing the debate into new territory with great originality and verve.’ - T. J. Mawson, Oxford University, UK ‘Andrew Loke's book provides an up-to-date assessment of the Teleological and Kalam Cosmological Arguments, including a thorough response to contemporary objections. It advances the discussion concerning the ultimate origin of the universe and makes a significant contribution to the field of philosophy of religion and the dialogue between science and religion.’ - William Lane Craig, Biola University, USA ‘This book provides an engaging guide to two important features of our universe – it seems to have had a beginning, and its ability to support life is remarkably rare – and their deeper implications. Up-to-date, wide-ranging and highly recommended.’ - Luke Barnes, Western Sydney University, Australia A prominent issue in many contemporary philosophy of religion debates concerns whether the universe has a Designer. This book moves the discussion ahead in a significant way by devising an original deductive formulation of the Teleological Argument (TA) which demonstrates that the following are the only possible categories of hypotheses concerning fine-tuning and order: (i) chance, (ii) regularity, (iii) combinations of regularity and chance, (iv) uncaused, and (v) design. This book also demonstrates that there are essential features of each category such that, while the alternatives to design are unlikely, the Design Hypothesis is not, and that one can argue for design by exclusion without having to first assign a prior probability for design. By combining the TA with the Kalam Cosmological Argument (KCA) which it defends against various objections, this book responds to the God-of-the-gaps objection by demonstrating that the conclusion of the KCA-TA is not based on gaps which can be filled by further scientific progress, but follows from deduction and exclusion. This is an open access book. Andrew Loke is Associate Professor, Department of Religion and Philosophy, Hong Kong Baptist University, China.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94403-2
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 45
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    AI Ethics and Governance : Black Mirror and Order (2022)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789811925313
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 172 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance, Public. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Ethics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; ethics of artificial interlligence ; technology ethics ; global order ; ethical risk ; face recognition ; big data ; cybergrid ; human-computer symbiosis
    Abstract: Preface -- Chapter 1. New problems in the Era of AI -- Chapter 2. Ethical Enlightenment in the Age of Intelligence -- Chapter 3. Digintelligence Risk Society is Around the Corner -- Chapter 4. AI Medical Treatment: Epidemic, Death and Love -- Chapter 5. “Secret” Left by Turing--Privacy Computing -- Chapter 6. AI and Robot: Darwin and Rebellious Machine -- Chapter 7. Virtual World Under AI: Augmented Reality and Deep Synthesis -- Chapter 8. Start of the “Age of Exploration” of AI governance -- Chapter 9. AI Legislation in Computational Society -- Chapter 10. New Rules and New Order in the Era of AI.
    Abstract: This book deeply analyzes the theoretical roots of the development of global artificial intelligence ethics and AI governance, the ethical issues in AI application scenarios, and the discussion of artificial intelligence governance issues from a global perspective. From the perspective of knowledge, the book includes not only the metaphysical research of traditional Western ethics, but also the interpretation of AI-related practical cases and international policies. The purpose of this book is not only to study AI ethics and governance issues academically, but to seek a path to solve problems in the real world. It is a very meaningful monograph in both academic theory and reality. This book responds to the implementation of China's digital economy governance and other topics. It is a cutting-edge academic monograph that combines industry, policy, and thought. In this book, the author not only discusses the humanities thoughts such as ethics, political economy, philosophy, and sociology, but also involves computer science, biology, and medicine and other science and engineering disciplines, effectively using interdisciplinary thinking as readers clarify how to explore ethical consensus and establish smart social governance rules in the era of artificial intelligence, so as to provide the most comprehensive and unique scientific and technological insights for smart economy participants, related practitioners in the artificial intelligence industry, and government policy makers. For academia, this is a representative book of Chinese scholars' systematic thinking on AI ethical propositions from a global perspective. For the industry, this is a book that understands the policies and ethical propositions faced by the development of AI industry. An important reference book, for policy makers, this is a monograph for understanding how policies in the AI industry make decisions that conform to AI industry practices and people's moral order.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-2531-3
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Cover
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  • 46
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    Metaphors and Analogies in Sciences and Humanities : Words and Worlds (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030906887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 596 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 453
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Preface -- Introduction -- Philosophy and Sciences. Part I. Philosophy and Foundations of Sciences. 1. Syntactically recharacterizing analogies, assessing theories of assessing analogies by Jody Azzouni -- 2. The Metaphoric Sources of Scientific Innovation by Sergio F. Martínez and Natalia Carrillo -- 3. Science, Metaphors, and Memes by Peter Ludlow -- 4. Demystifying mysteries. How metaphors and analogies extend the reach of the human mind by Maarten Boudry, Michael Vlerick and Taner Edis -- Part II. Mathematics. 5. A two-level model of embodied mathematical thinking: Body schema, body image and language by Valentina Cuccio, Mario Graziano -- 6. Synthesis and similarity in science: analogy in the application of mathematics and application of mathematics to analogy by Jordi Cat -- 7. Metaphor and its catenary curves by Alice Major -- 8. Mathematical Models and Analogical Reasoning by Mark Colyvan -- Part III. Theoretical Physics. 9. Analogies and Scientific Imaging by Otávio Bueno -- 10. Analogies and Metaphors in Physics by Dennis Dieks -- 11. Is the Brain Analogous to a Quantum Measuring Apparatus? by Paavo Pylkkänen -- Part IV. Biology/Cognitive Science. 12. “Decoding information”: The abuse of personification and machine metaphors by David Ritchie -- 13. The Metaphorical Role of the Histone Code by Gry Oftedal -- 14. Analogical and non-analogical resemblance in figurative language: a cognitive-linguistic perspective by Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez -- 15. Inner and Outer: FrpAom Skepticism to Understanding by Edward Witherspoon -- Humanities. Part V. Social Sciences -- 16. From words to worlds. How metaphors and language shape mental health by Francesca Brencio -- 17. Mapping friendship and friendship research: the role of analogies and metaphors by Claus Emmeche -- 18. Words and worlds of desire: the power of metaphor in framing sexuality by Veronika Koller -- 19. The Human Condition is an Ocean: Philosophy and the Mediterranean Sea by Annika Döring and Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther -- 20. Universality and/or cultural specificity of metaphors and analogies? NATIONS as BODIES/PERSONS by Andreas Musolff -- 21. Metaphors in times of a global pandemic by Brigitte Nerlich -- 22. Fluffy metaphors of an overheated debate: Why climate change is neither communicated nor understood as an existential threat? by Bálint Forgács and Csaba Pléh -- Part VI. Arts and Aesthetics. 23. Mediterranean Sea-Creature: Maritime Metaphor in the Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche by Annika Döring and Peregrine Horden -- 24. How to See: The Gaze in Iris Murdoch’s Moral Philosophy by Hibi Pendleton -- 25. From statics to dynamics: Intersemiotic conversion of metaphor and its consequences by Miloš Tasić & Dušan Stamenković -- 26. Form, Meaning and Intentionality: The Case of Metaphor in Music by Mihailo Antović -- 27. From Philosophy to Architecture to Philosophy: Boundary and Metaphor in Wittgenstein by Nana Last.
    Abstract: In this highly-interdisciplinary volume, we systematically study the role of metaphors and analogies in (mis)shaping our understanding of the world. Metaphors and Analogies occupy a prominent place in scientific discourses, as they do in literature, humanities and at the very level of our thinking itself. But when misused they can lead us astray, blinding our understanding inexorably. How can metaphors aid us in our understanding of the world? What role do they play in our scientific discourses and in humanities? How do they help us understand and skillfully deal with our complex socio-political scenarios? Where is the dividing line between their use and abuse? Join us as we explore some of these questions in this volume.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90688-7
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  • 47
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    Rethinking the concept of law of nature : natural order in the light of contemporary science (2022)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030967758
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 381 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Jerusalem Studies in Philosophy and History of Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking the concept of law of nature
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Natural law (Philosophy)
    Abstract: This book subjects the traditional concept of law of nature to critical examination. There are two kinds of reasons that invite this reexamination, one deriving from philosophical concerns over the traditional concept, the other motivated by theoretical and practical changes in science. One of the philosophical worries is that the idiom of law of nature, especially when combined with the notion of laws 'governing' individual events and processes, is no longer as intelligible as it used to be in the theistic context in which the formulation of laws became central to science. The traditional concept is also challenged in various ways by contemporary scientific theories such as quantum mechanics, chaos theory and the general theory of relativity. It is no longer clear that there are any universal laws, laws do not always guarantee predictability, and the border between physical and mathematical considerations is constantly shifting. The most difficult challenge, perhaps, is to come up with a scientific explanation of the origin of laws. Wrestling with these intriguing problems, the papers in this volume broaden both our understanding of the natural order and our desiderata of scientific explanation. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96775-8
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 48
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    Beyond Identities: Human Becomings in Weirding Worlds (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031117329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 199 p. 3 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Anticipation Science 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy of mind. ; Self. ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. What I am not, and why -- Chapter 2. Identity discovered -- Chapter 3. .The Big Three: Class, Gender, Race -- Chapter 4. BeyonCd identity -- Chapter 5. Pioneers towards fluid identities -- Chapter 6. Destination identities -- Chapter 7. Weirding world -- Chapter 8. Humans as synthesizers -- Chapter 9. Humans in the Holocene Epoch -- Chapter 10. Anthropocene Epoch? -- Chapter 11. What is a dator? -- Chapter 12. Indivollectivity Now?? -- Chapter 13. Technology, values, and change -- Chapter 14. Ad Astra!. .
    Abstract: This book is an argument for moving beyond culturally/historically/ethnically/biologically-grounded identity as the necessary foundation of an authentic self. It highlights examples of people who are attempting to inhabit identities they feel are more appropriate to themselves, by deploring the damage done via claims about authentic identity. The sole theme of this book is “becoming beyond identity”. We are not fixed human beings but rather perpetually-dynamic human becomings. As intelligence is enabled or recognized beyond the merely human, we should welcome our continuing evolution from homosapiens, sapiens, into many varieties of intelligences on Earth and the cosmos.This book builds from tiny ripples into a tsunami of examples from conventional identity studies, to Confucian human becomings, to apotemnophilia, to DIY biohacking, to cyborgs, to artilects, to hiveminds, to intelligence in animals, plants and fungi from the Holocene through the beginnings of the precarious, climate change-driven Anthropocene Epoch, with hints far beyond and throughout the cosmos. From a lifetime of work in future studies, anticipation science and space studies, the author balances frank tales of his own experiences and beliefs concerning his uncertain and fluid identities with those of others who tell their stories. In addition to material from academic and popular sources, a few poems further illuminate the scene.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11732-9
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    Continental Philosophy of Technoscience (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030845704
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 245 p. 12 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 38
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy. ; Technology—Sociological aspects. ; Continental Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction: Coming to terms with technoscience -- 2 Dialectics of Technoscience -- 3 Dialectical materialism -- 4 Psychoanalysing technoscience -- 5 Louis Althusser: science and ideology -- 6 Coming to terms with technoscience: the Heideggerian way -- 7 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin’s phenomenology of the noosphere -- 8 Philosophy of technoscience: from cis-continental to trans-continental.
    Abstract: The key objective of this volume is to allow philosophy students and early-stage researchers to become practicing philosophers in technoscientific settings. Zwart focuses on the methodological issue of how to practice continental philosophy of technoscience today. This text draws upon continental authors such as Hegel, Engels, Heidegger, Bachelard and Lacan (and their fields of dialectics, phenomenology and psychoanalysis) in developing a coherent message around the technicity of science or rather, “technoscience”. Within technoscience, the focus will be on recent developments in life sciences research, such as genomics, post-genomics, synthetic biology and global ecology. This book uniquely presents continental perspectives that tend to be underrepresented in mainstream philosophy of science, yet entail crucial insights for coming to terms with technoscience as it is evolving on a global scale today. This is an open access book.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-84570-4
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 50
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    Logischer Empirismus, Lebensreform und die deutsche Jugendbewegung : Logical Empiricism, Life Reform, and the German Youth Movement (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030848873
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 356 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Veröffentlichungen des Instituts Wiener Kreis 32
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Europe—History.
    Abstract: 1. Einleitung: Logischer Empirismus, Lebensreform und die deutsche Jugendbewegung -- 2. The Winding Road to Logical Empiricism: Philosophers of Science and the Youth Movement -- 3. Der Philosoph Friedrich Jodl (1849-1914) – Ein Vorausgänger des Wiener Kreises -- 4.Sprache Transnational: Rudolf Carnap und die Esperanto-Bewegung -- 5.Hans Reichenbach and the Freistudentenschaft: School Reform, Pedagogy, and Freedom -- 6.Youth and Politics at the End of the Great War: Rudolf Carnap’s “Politische -- Rundbriefe” of 1918 -- 7.Philosophenkrieger? – Wie Carnap & Co. den Ersten Weltkrieg sahen -- 8.Die religiösen Ursprünge des Nonkognitivismus bei Carnap -- 9.Carnap, Reichenbach, Freyer. Non-Cognitivist Ethics and Politics in the Spirit of the German Youth Movement -- 10.The Constitution of geistige Gegenstände in Carnap’s Aufbau and the Importance of Hans Freyer -- 11.Otto Neurath, Emil Lederer und der Max-Weber-Kreis -- 12.Sie diskutieren sehr gern, aber sehr dilettantisch.“ Carnaps Vorträge am Dessauer Bauhaus.-13. Michael Buckmiller Karl Korsch und der Logische Empirismus. Ambivalenzen, Kritik, Perspektiven.
    Abstract: This open-access book is the first to investigate the roots of Logical Empiricism in the context of the Life Reform and the German Youth Movements. Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach are the key protagonists; they both belonged to the German Youth Movement and developed their early philosophical views in this setting. By combining scholarly essays with unpublished and hard to access manuscripts, letters, and articles, this volume recasts our understanding of the early years of Logical Empiricism.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-84887-3
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  • 51
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    Edgar Zilsel: Philosopher, Historian, Sociologist (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030936877
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 421 p. 4 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Science—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Part I: Edgar Zilsel: Philosopher, Historian, Sociologist -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. From the Problem of Genius to the Integration of Philosophy, History, and Sociology of Science: Edgar Zilsel’s Life and Work Viewed in the Context of Recent Historiography and Research -- Chapter 3. The Circumstances of Edgar Zilsel’s Failed Habilitation. A Case Study on the Instigations of Anti-Semitic and Conservative Academic Networks in the 1920s at the University of Vienna -- Chapter 4. On Thermodynamics and Society: Zilsel’s Epistemology and Politics Across Disciplinary Boundaries -- Chapter 5. Edgar Zilsel: Excellent Qualifications of an Awkward Man -- Chapter 6. The Law of Large Numbers. Edgar Zilsel’s Attempt at the Foundation of Physical and Socio-historical Laws -- Chapter 7. Facts of Nature or Products of Reason? Edgar Zilsel Caught Between Ontological and Epistemic Conceptions of Natural Laws -- Chapter 8. Applications and Applicability. Zilsel’s Criticism of Carnap’s Early View on Protocol Statements -- Chapter 9. Laws, Causality, and Retribution – Hans Kelsen and Edgar Zilsel. A Marginal Note -- Chapter 10. How to Explain the Modern Personality Cult. Some Reflections on Edgar Zilsel’s Studies on the Modern Genius-Veneration -- Chapter 11. Insufficient Recognition: Comparing Julian Hirsch’s and Edgar Zilsel’s Analyses of the Glorification of Personalities -- Chapter 12. The Religion of Genius Taken Seriously. Edgar Zilsel’s Die Geniereligion (1918) Reviewed as a Critical Philosophical Treatise -- Chapter 13. The Epistemological Foundations of the Zilsel Thesis -- Chapter 14. Social and Epistemic Interactions Between Artisans and Scholars in Iberia. A Zilselian Reading of Early Modern Maritime Expansion -- Chapter 15. Engineering and Mathematical Logic. Another ‘Zilsel-Case’ From the History of Computing -- Chapter 16. Zilsel’s Genius, or the Epistemic Fecundity of Neutrality -- Chapter 17. Zilsel, Zilsel: Reconnecting With an Intellectual Legacy That Deserves to be Revived -- Part II: General Part -- Chapter 18. Pragmatism and the A Priori: Lewis, Carnap and Ramsey -- Chapter 19. The First Vienna Circle: What Kind of Formation Was it—and Why Does it Matter? -- Chapter 20. Obituary: Jacques Bouveresse (1940-2021). How to Remain Rationalist in a Postmodern World? -- Part III: Reviews -- Chapter 21. David Edmonds, The Murder of Professor Schlick: The Rise and Fall of the Vienna Circle, Princeton: Princeton University Press 2020; Karl Sigmund, Exact Thinking in Demented Times: The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science, New York: Basic Books 2017; Karl Sigmund, Sie nannten sich der Wiener Kreis: Exaktes Denken am Rand des Untergangs, Vienna: Springer 2018 -- Chapter 22. Eva-Maria Engelen (Ed.), Kurt Gödel: Philosophische Notizbücher/Philosophical Notebooks. Volume 1 and Volume 2, Berlin: De Gruyter 2019/2020 -- Chapter 23. Dejan Makovec/Stewart Shapiro (Eds.), Friedrich Waismann: The Open Texture of Analytic Philosophy, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan 2019 -- Chapter 24. Cheryl Misak, Frank Ramsey: A Sheer Excess of Power, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2020.
    Abstract: This book provides a new all-round perspective on the life and work of Edgar Zilsel (1891-1944) as a philosopher, historian, and sociologist. He was close to the Vienna Circle and has been hitherto almost exclusively referred to in terms of the so-called “Zilsel thesis” on the origins of modern science. Much beyond this “thesis”, Zilsel’s brilliant work provides original insights on a broad number of topics, ranging from the philosophy of probability and statistics to the concept of “genius”, from the issues of scientific laws and theories to the sociological background of science and philosophy, and to the political analysis of the problems of his time. Praised by Herbert Feigl as an “outstanding brilliant mind”, Zilsel, being as a Social-Democrat of Jewish origins, mostly led a life of hardship marked by emigration and coming to a sudden and tragic end by suicide in 1944. The impossibility of an academic career has hindered the reception of Zilsel’s scientific work for a long time. This volume is a contribution to its late reception, providing new insights especially into his work during his years in Vienna; moreover, it shows the heuristic value of Zilsel’s ideas for future Scholar research – in philosophy, history, and sociology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93687-7
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  • 52
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    Quantum Mechanics and Fundamentality : Naturalizing Quantum Theory between Scientific Realism and Ontological Indeterminacy (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030996420
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 415 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 460
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Quantum physics. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy—History. ; Ontology.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part I: Realism. 1. The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Decoherence (Davide Romano) -- 2. Quantum Fundamentalism vs. Scientific Realism (Matthias Egg) -- 3. On the Principles that Serve as Guides to the Ontology of Quantum Mechanics (Vera Matarese) -- 4. The Quantum World as a Resource. A Case for the Cohabitation of Two Paradigms (Laura Felline) -- 5. Quantum Ontology: Out of this World? (Travis Norsen) -- 6. Why Might an Instrumentalist Endorse Bohmian Mechanics? (Darrell P. Rowbottom) -- Part II: Ontology. 7. Beables, Primitive Ontology and Beyond: How Theories Meet the World (Andrea Oldofredi) -- 8. All Flash, No Substance? (Towards a Fundamental Ontology for GRW) (Elizabeth Miller) -- 9. Does the Primitive Ontology rest on Shaky Ground? (Cristian Mariani) -- 10. Towards a Structuralist Elimination of Quantum Properties (Valia Allori) -- 11. Quantum Ontology without the Wave Function (Carlo Rovelli) -- 12. The Relational Ontology of Contemporary Physics (Francesca Vidotto) -- 13. Explicit Construction of Local Hidden Variables for Any Quantum Theory up to Any Desired Accuracy(Gerard t’Hooft) -- Part III: The Wave Function. 14. Wave Function Realism and Three Dimensions (Lev Vaidman) -- 15. Reality as a Vector in Hilbert Space (Sean Carroll) -- 16. Cat alive and cat dead are not Cats! Ontology and Statistics in ‘Realist’ Versions of Quantum Mechanics(Jean Bricmont) -- 17. Ontic Random Variables, Incommensurable Probability Distributions, and the Platonic Interpretation of Quantum Theoryn (Jacob Barandes) -- 18. Cosmic Hylomorphism vs Bohmian Dispositionalism. Implications of the "No-successor Problem" (William Simpson and John Pemberton) -- 19. The Governing Conception of the Wavefunctionn (Nina Emery) -- 20. Representation and the Quantum State (Richard Healey) -- Part IV: Indeterminacy. 21. Quantum Mechanics Without Indeterminacy (David Glick) -- 22. Derivative Metaphysical Indeterminacy and Quantum Physics (Alessandro Torza) -- 23. Explication Quantum Indeterminacy (Peter Lewis) -- 24. Defending the Situations-based Approach to Deep Worldly Indeterminacy (George Darby and Martin Pickup) -- 25. Metaphysical Indeterminacy in the Multiversen (Claudio Calosi and Jessica Wilson) -- 26. Fundamentality and Levels in Everettian Quantum Mechanics (Al Wilson).
    Abstract: This edited collection provides new perspectives on some metaphysical questions arising in quantum mechanics. These questions have been long-standing and are of continued interest to researchers and graduate students working in physics, philosophy of physics and metaphysics. It features contributions from a diverse set of researchers, ranging from senior scholars to junior academics, working in varied fields, from physics to philosophy of physics and metaphysics. The contributors reflect on issues about fundamentality (is quantum theory fundamental? If so, what is its fundamental ontology?), ontological dependence (how do ordinary objects exist even if they are not fundamental?), realism (what kind of realism is compatible with quantum theory?), indeterminacy (can the world itself exhibit ontological indeterminacy?). With contributions from both physicists (including Nobel Prize winner Gerard 't Hooft), science communicators and philosophers. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99642-0
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    Contemporary Materialism: Its Ontology and Epistemology (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783030894887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 378 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 447
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History.
    Abstract: Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. What is Materialism? History and Concepts (Javier Pérez-Jara, Gustavo E. Romero, and Lino Camprubí) -- 2. Systemic Materialism (Gustavo E. Romero) -- 3. Discontinuous Materialism (Javier Pérez-Jara) -- 4. Quantum Matter (Gustavo E. Romero) -- 5. Spacetime is material (Luciano Combi) -- 6. Systemic Materialism in Biology (Rafael González del Solar) -- 7. Mind and Matter (Íñigo Ongay de Felipe) -- 8. Materialism and the History of Science (Lino Camprubí) -- 9. Materialism, Logic, and Mathematics (Carlos M. Madrid Casado) -- 10. The Material Nature of Software (Miguel A. Quintanilla Fisac) -- 11. Mathematics Refer to Material Entities / Mathematics do not Refer to Material Entities (Gustavo E. Romero and Carlos M. Madrid Casado) -- 12. Emergent Materialism Implies Continuism / Emergent Materialism Does Not Imply Continuism (Íñigo Ongay and Javier Pérez-Jara) -- 13. Materialism is False / Materialism is Not False (Graham Harman and Javier Pérez-Jara) -- Name Index -- Subject Index.
    Abstract: Materialism has been the subject of extensive and rich controversies since Robert Boyle introduced the term for the first time in the 17th century. But what is materialism and what can it offer today? The term is usually defined as the worldview according to which everything real is material. Nevertheless, there is no philosophical consensus about whether the meaning of matter can be enlarged beyond the physical. As a consequence, materialism is often defined in stark exclusive and reductionist terms: whatever exists is either physical or ontologically reducible to it. This conception, if consistent, mutilates reality, excluding the ontological significance of political, economic, sociocultural, anthropological and psychological realities. Starting from a new history of materialism, the present book focuses on the central ontological and epistemological debates aroused by today’s leading materialist approaches, including some little known to an anglophone readership. The key concepts of matter, system, emergence, space and time, life, mind, and software are checked over and updated. Controversial issues such as the nature of mathematics and the place of reductionism are also discussed from different materialist approaches. As a result, materialism emerges as a powerful, indispensable scientifically-supported worldview with a surprising wealth of nuances and possibilities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89488-7
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    Karl Popper : Professional Philosopher and Public Intellectual (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031154249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 239 p. 57 illus., 20 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Springer Biographies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Political science. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Popper revolutionizes the philosophy of science -- Popper becomes a defender of an open society -- Popper revisits his philosophy of science -- Why Popper defends indeterminism -- Popper meets his Critics -- Popper reflects on the mind and the self -- Popper turns to Evolutionary Biology -- Popper – the Public Intellectual -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.-Index.
    Abstract: Karl R. Popper is widely regarded as one of the most influential 20th century philosophers. In this new biography, Weinert provides a comprehensive and accessible account of his life and work, also addressing Popper’s role as a public intellectual. Drawing on a wide range of sources and interviews with former colleagues and collaborators, he recounts not only the wide interest from the scientific community, but also the inspiration that politicians took from Popper’s work. The book surveys the vast and varied intellectual landscape of Popper's philosophical journey during his long career: from the natural and social sciences (physics, evolution, sociology to political philosophy and the philosophy of mind. It pays significant attention to Popper’s critical method - i.e., the notion that ideas and institutions should be exposed to rigorous tests – the approach that led him to a fervent defence of objectivity, rationality and realism, against all forms of irrationalism, as well as a passionate advocacy of freedom, social justice and liberal democracy, against all forms of authoritarianism. The book brings Popper into focus as a modern Enlightenment philosopher.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15424-9
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    From Evolutionary Biology to Economics and Back : Parallels and Crossings between Economics and Evolution (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031087905
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 186 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Economics. ; Ecology . ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Preliminary reflections Analogical reasoning between economics and biology -- Chapter 3 Set of 25 keywords, Adaptation/Learning, Altruism, Chance/Uncertainty, Classification, Communication/Signalling, Competition, Constraint/Trade-off, Cooperation, Crisis, Cycles, Development/Growth, Diversity, Equilibrium, Fitness/Utility, Heredity/Transmission, Information, Market, Mutation/Innovation, Optimality, Organizational levels, Population, Resource /Investment, Selection, Strategic interactions, Time scales, Chapter 4 Concluding remarks 1. The relevance of the studied analogies according to their field origin and system characteristics -- Chapter 5 Concluding Remarks 2 Economics and evolutionary biology: An overview of their (recent) interactions.
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the major key concepts common to economics and evolutionary biology. Written by a group of philosophers of science, biologists and economists, it proposes analyses of the meaning of twenty-five concepts from the viewpoint respectively of economics and of evolutionary biology –each followed by a short synthesis emphasizing major discrepancies and commonalities. This analysis is surrounded by chapters exploring the nature of the analogy that connects evolution and economics, and chapters that summarize the major teachings of the analyses of the keywords. Most scholars in biology and in economics know that their science has something in common with the other one, for instance the notions of competition and resources. Textbooks regularly acknowledge that the two fields share some history – Darwin borrowing from Malthus the insistence on scarcity of resources, and then behavioral ecologists adapting and transforming game theory into evolutionary game theory in the 1980s, while Friedman famously alluded to a Darwinian process yielding the extant firms. However, the real extent of the similarities, the reasons why they are so close, and the limits and even the nature of the analogy connecting economics and biological evolution, remain inexplicit. This book proposes basis analyses that can sustain such explication. It is intended for researchers, grad students and master students in evolutionary and in economics, as well as in philosophy of science.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08790-5
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    Miracles: An Exercise in Comparative Philosophy of Religion (2022)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783031148651
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 325 p. 20 illus., 15 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Comparative Philosophy of Religion 3
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Miracles
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Religion—Philosophy. ; Religions. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wunder ; Wundergeschichte ; Religionsphilosophie ; Vergleichende Religionswissenschaft
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Part I: Miracles in Religious Traditions -- Chapter 2: How to Tell a Miracle Story: The Amazing Deeds of Young Krishna -- Chapter 3: Inconvenient Wonders: Ambivalence in Hasidism about the Miraculous Powers of the Tsaddik -- Chapter 4: Qur’anic Miracle Stories: Surprising Implications for Theodicy, Transience, and Freedom -- Chapter 5: Expecting the Unexpected: Pentecostal Miracles as Performance, Production, and Placeholder -- Part II: Miracles in Polemics -- Chapter 6: On Miracles in the Vimalakīrti Sūtra during Early Medieval Period of China -- Chapter 7: “By Whose Authority?” Polemical and Political Uses of Miracle Stories -- Part III: Miracles of Healing -- Chapter 8: Miracle as Natural: A Contemporary Chinese American Religious Healer -- Chapter 9: What Miracles in the Global South Contribute to Understanding the Human Condition -- Part IV: Miracles and Morality -- Chapter 10: The Ethics of Wonder: Miracles, Magic, and Morality in Devotional Hinduism -- Chapter 11: Miracles: Two Lakota Case Studies -- Part V: Miracles, Logic, and Science -- Chapter 12: Miracles in Philosophical Analysis -- Chapter 13: Non-Interventionist Objective Divine Action and Quantum Mechanics -- Chapter 14 Miracles and the Uniformity of Nature -- Chapter 15: Investigating Miracles -- Part VI: Miracles and Mysticism -- Chapter 16: Changed in a Flash: How One Woman Was Struck by Lightning, Talked to God, and Came Back to Dream the Future -- Part VII: Comparative Conclusions -- Chapter 17: On the Epistemic Function of Miracles -- Chapter 18: Miracles: So What?.
    Abstract: This volume provides a comparative philosophical investigation into a particular concept from a variety of angles—in this case, the concept of “miracle.” The text covers deeply philosophical questions around the miracle, with a multiplicity of answers. Each chapter brings its own focus to this multifaceted effort. The volume rejects the primarily western focus that typically dominates philosophy of religion and is filled with particular examples of miracle narratives, community responses, and polemical scenarios across widely varying religious contexts and historical periods. Some of these examples defy religious categorization, and some papers challenge the applicability of the concept “miracle,” which is of western and monotheistic origin. By examining miracles thru a wide comparative context, this text presents a range of descriptive content and analysis, with attention to the audience, to the subjective experiences being communicated, and to the flavor of the narratives that come to surround miracles. This book appeals to students and researchers working in philosophy of religion and science, as well those in comparative religion. It represents, in written form, some of the perspectives and dialogue achieved in The Comparison Project’s 2017–2019 lecture series on miracles. The Comparison Project is an enterprise in comparing a variety of religious voices, allowing them to stand in dialogue. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14865-1
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    Methodological Investigations in Agent-Based Modelling : With Applications for the Social Sciences (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9783319724089
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 235 p. 18 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Methodos Series, Methodological Prospects in the Social Sciences 13
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Social Sciences
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social Sciences ; Philosophy and science ; Philosophy and social sciences ; Computer simulation ; Demography ; Population. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: This open access book examines the methodological complications of using complexity science concepts within the social science domain. The opening chapters take the reader on a tour through the development of simulation methodologies in the fields of artificial life and population biology, then demonstrates the growing popularity and relevance of these methods in the social sciences. Following an in-depth analysis of the potential impact of these methods on social science and social theory, the text provides substantive examples of the application of agent-based models in the field of demography. This work offers a unique combination of applied simulation work and substantive, in-depth philosophical analysis, and as such has potential appeal for specialist social scientists, complex systems scientists, and philosophers of science interested in the methodology of simulation and the practice of interdisciplinary computing research
    Abstract: Part I Agent-Based Models: 1 Introduction -- 2 Simulation and Artificial Life -- 3 Making the Artificial Real -- 4 Modelling in Population Biology -- Part II Modelling Social Systems: 5 Modelling for the Social Sciences -- 6 Analysis: Frameworks and Theories -- 7 Schelling: A Success for Simplicity -- 8 Conclusions Part III Case Study: Simulation in Demography -- 9 Modelling in Demography: From Statistics to Simulations -- 10 Model-Based Demography in Practice: I -- 11 Model-Based Demography in Practice: II -- 12 Conclusions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72408-9
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: 46
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    Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2008)
    Berlin : Springer | [S.l.] : SpringerLink [Online-Anbieter]
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402044250 , 9781402049606
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-Western cultures
    RVK:
    TB 2300
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; Physics. ; Astronomy. ; Medical sciences. ; Science ; Wörterbuch ; Nichtwestliche Welt ; Naturwissenschaften ; Technik ; Medizin ; Geschichte ; Medizin ; Technik ; Wissenschaft ; Nichtwestliche Welt ; Geschichte
    Abstract: The second edition of this landmark encyclopaedia will contain approximately 1000 entries dealing in depth with the history of the scientific, technological and medical accomplishments of cultures outside of the United States and Europe. The entries consist of fully updated articles together with hundreds of entirely new topics. This unique reference work includes: Intercultural articles on broad topics such as Mathematics and Astronomy Philosophical articles on concepts and ideas related to the study of non-Western Science, such as Rationality, Objectivity, and Method, Religion and Science, East and West, and Magic and Science Articles on topics such as Native American Mathematics, Polynesian Navigation, Korean Maps, and African Metallurgy Biographical articles for those cultures where individual scientists are known to us, such as China and the Islamic world.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0
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    Induction and Deduction in the Sciences (2004)
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402021961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 359 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Induction and Deduction in the Philosophy of Science: a Critical Account since the Methodenstreit -- Historicizing Deduction: Scientific Method, Critical Debate, and the Historian -- Inference to the Best Theory, rather than Inference to the Best Explanation — Kinds of Abduction and Induction -- The Significance of Explanatory Considerations -- Truth-seeking by Abduction -- Inference to the Best Explanation and Bayesianism -- Adaptive Logics and the Integration of Induction and Deduction -- Argument, Inference and Reasoning — Integrating Induction and Deduction -- Laws are Persistent Inductive Schemes -- Physical Intuition as Inductive Support -- Frege, Neo-Logicism and Applied Mathematics -- Remarks About a “General Science of Reasoning” -- Two Questions About the Revival of Frege’s Programme -- Handling Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, and the Bayesian Controversy -- Artificial Intelligence and Its Methodological Implications -- Supplying Planks for Neurath’s Boat: Can Economists Meet the Demands of the Dynamics of Scientific Theories? -- Informational Economy and Creativity -- The Place of the Notion of Corroboration in Karl Popper’s Philosophy of Science -- How can a Falsified Theory Remain Corroborated ? -- Inductivism in 19th Century German Economics -- The Uniformity of Nature: What Purpose does it Serve? -- Planning, Democratization and Popularization with ISOTYPE, ca. 1945: a Study of Otto Neurath’s Pictorial Statistics with the Example of Bilston, England -- Reviews -- Activities 2003 -- Preview 2004 -- Remembering Dick Jeffrey (1926-2002) (Maria Carla Galavotti) -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence. These contributions - accompanied with critical comments - by renowned scholars in the field of philosophy of science aim at removing the traditional opposition between inductivists and deductivists. They explore the different methods of explanation and justification in the sciences in different contexts and with different objectives. The volume contains contributions on methods of the sciences, especially on induction, deduction, abduction, laws, probability and explanation, ranging from logic, mathematics, natural to the social sciences. They present a highly topical pluralist re-evaluation of methodological and foundational procedures and reasoning, e.g. focusing in Bayesianism and Artificial Intelligence. They document the second international conference in Vienna on "Induction and Deduction in the Sciences" as part of the Scientific Network on "Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Philosophy of Science in Europe", funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF).
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; A Critical Account since the Methodenstreit
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2196-1
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    Observation and Experiment in the Natural and Social Sciences (2004)
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Details
    ISBN: 9780306481239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer-11648
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 237
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 232
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy of Nature ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Experiment ; Naturwissenschaften ; Wissenschaftliche Beobachtung ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: From Throry to Experiment and Back Again -- NaÏve Probability -- From Theory to Experiments and Back Again ... and Back Again ... Comments on Patrick Suppes -- Emergence and Future of Experimental Economics -- Rationality in Experimental Economics: An Analysis of Reinhard Selten’s Approach -- Experiments, Heuristics and Social Diversity: A Comment on Reinhard Selten -- Where do New Ideas Come From? a Heuristics of Discovery in the Cognitive Sciences -- Comments on Gerd Gigerenzer -- On the Concept of Discovery Comments on Gerd Gigerenzer -- Styles of Experimentation -- On French Concepts and Objects Comments on Ursula Klein -- Some Comments on “Styles of Experimentation” by Ursula Klein -- Improving “Styles of Experimentation” a Comment on Ursula Klein -- Experiments and Thought Experiments in Natural Science -- The Advantages of Theft Over Honest Toil Comments on David Atkinson -- Thinking About Thought Experiments in Physics Comment on “Experiments and Thought Experiments in Natural Science” -- The Dynamics of Thought Experiments A Comment on David Atkinson -- An Attempt at a Philosophy of Experiment -- An Attempt at a Philosophy of Experimental Error a Comment on Giora Hon -- O Happy Error a Comment on Giora Hon -- Bayesian Evidence -- On Bayesian Logic Comments on Colin Howson -- On Bayesian Induction (and Pythagoric Arithmetic) -- Probability and Logic Comments on Colin Howson.
    Abstract: According to a long tradition in philosophy of science, a clear cut distinction can be traced between a context of discovery and a context of justification. This tradition dates back to the birth of the discipline in connection with the Circles of Vienna and Berlin, in the twenties and thirties of last century. Convicted that only the context of justification is pertinent to philosophy of science, logical empiricists identified its goal with the “rational reconstruction” of scientific knowledge, taken as the clarification of the logical structure of science, through an analysis of its language and methods. Stressing justification as the proper field of application of philosophy of science, logical empiricists intended to leave discovery out of its remit. The context of discovery was then discarded from philosophy of science and left to sociology, psychology and history. The distinction between context of discovery and context of justification goes hand in hand with the tenet that the theoretical side of science can – and should – be kept separate from its observational and experimental components. Further, the final, abstract formulation of theories should be analysed apart from the process behind it, resulting from a tangle of context-dependent factors. This conviction is reflected by the distinction between theoretical and observational sentences underpinning the Hempelian view of theories as nets, whose knots represent theoretical terms, floating on the plane of observation, to which it is anchored by rules of interpretation.
    DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48123-5
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    Quantifiers, Questions and Quantum Physics : Essays on the Philosophy of Jaakko Hintikka (2004)
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402032110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 360 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Hintikka on Epistemological Axiomatizations -- Hintikka on the Problem with the Problem of Transworld Identity -- What is Epistemic Discourse About? -- Interrogative Logic and the Economic Theory of Information -- A Metalogical Critique of Wittgensteinian ‘Phenomenology’ -- Theoretical Commensurability By Correspondence Relations: When Empirical Success Implies Theoretical Reference -- What is Abduction?: An Assessment of Jaakko Hintikka's Conception -- The Dialogic of Just Being Different: Hintikka's New Approach to the Notion of Episteme and its Impact on “Second Generation” Dialogics -- Probabilistic Features in Logic Games -- On Some Logical Properties of ‘Is True’ -- The Results are in: The Scope and Import of Hintikka's Philosophy.
    Abstract: Jaakko Hintikka is one of the most creative figures in contemporary philosophy. He has made significant contributions to virtually all areas of the discipline, from epistemology and the philosophy of logic to the history of philosophy and the philosophy of science. Part of the fruitfulness of Hintikka’s work is due to its opening important new lines of investigation and new approaches to traditional philosophical problems. This volume gathers together essays from some of Hintikka’s colleagues and former students exploring his influence on their work and pursuing some of the insights that we have found in his work. This book includes a comprehensive overview of Hintikka’s philosophy by Dan Kolak and John Symons and an annotated bibliography of Hintikka’s work.
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordHintikka on Epistemological Axiomatizations -- Hintikka on the Problem with the Problem of Transworld Identity -- What is Epistemic Discourse About. Interrogative Logic and the Economic Theory of Information -- A Metalogical Critique of Wittgensteinian ‘Phenomenology’ -- Theoretical Commensurability By Correspondence Relations: When Empirical Success Implies Theoretical Reference -- What is Abduction?: An Assessment of Jaakko Hintikka's Conception -- The dialogic of just being different: Hintikka's new approach to the notion of episteme and its impact on "second generation" dialogics -- Probabilistic Features in Logic Games. On Some Logical Properties of ‘Is True’ -- The Results are in: The Scope and Import of Hintikka's Philosophy -- Annotated Bibliography of Jaakko Hintikka -- Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-3211-0
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    Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402028083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 626 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, And The Unity Of Science 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Physics ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Developmental biology ; Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The aim of the series Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, of which this is the first volume, is to take up anew the challenge of considering the scientific enterprise in its entirety in light of recent developments in logic and philosophy. Developments in logic are especially relevant to the current situation in philosophy of science. At present, there is no single logic, single approach to semantics or well-defined conception of scientific method dominating the philosophy of science. At the same time, questions concerning linguistic, reductionist and foundationalist approaches to epistemology, the analytic and synthetic distinction as well as disputes concerning semantics and pragmatics have been illuminated by recent developments in logic. Given the power of such developments, discussions of the unity of science are even more intriguing and urgent than in the 20th century. The first title in this new series aims to explore, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The present volume contains essays from some of the most important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics such as philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of great interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2808-3
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    Discovering Reality : Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9780306480171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer-11648 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library 161
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Frau ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Frau ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: Woman is Not a Rational Animal: On Aristotle’S Biology of Reproduction -- Aristotle and the Politicization of the Soul -- The Unit of Political Analysis: Our Aristotelian Hangover -- Have Only Men Evolved? -- Evolution and Patriarchal Myths of Scarcity and Competition -- Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Forerunner of a Feminist Social Science -- The Trivialization of the Notion of Equality -- How Can Language be Sexist? -- A Paradigm of Philosophy: The Adversary Method -- The Man of Professional Wisdom -- Gender and Science -- The Mind’S Eye -- Individualism and the Objects of Psychology -- Political Philosophy and the Patriarchal Unconscious: A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Epistemology and Metaphysics -- The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism -- Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now?.
    Abstract: Are Western epistemology, metaphysics, methodology and the philosophy of science grounded only in men's distinctive understandings of themselves, others, and nature? Does this less than human understanding distort our models of reason and of scientific inquiry? In different ways, the papers in this collection explore the evidence for these increasingly reasonable and intriguing questions. They identify how it is distinctively masculine perspectives on masculine experience which have shaped the most fundamental and formal aspects of systematic thought in philosophy and the natural and social sciences - precisely the aspects of thought believed most gender-neutral. They show how these understandings ground Aristotle's biology and metaphysics; the very definition of the problems of philosophy in Plato, Descartes, Hobbes and Rousseau; the `adversary method' which is the paradigm of philosophic and scientific reasoning; principles of individuation in philosophical ontology and the philosophy of language; individualistic assumptions in psychology; functionalism in sociological and biological theory; evolutionary theory; the methodology of political science; Marxist political economy; and conceptions of `objective inquiry' in the social and natural sciences. These essays also begin to identify for us the distictive aspects of women's experience which can provide the resources needed for the creation of a truly human understanding. Audience: The book will be of interest to those involved in epistemology, and philosophy of the natural and social sciences, as well as feminist scholars in philosophy. The work will also be of value for theorists, methodologists, and feminist scholars in the natural and social sciences.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48017-4
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    Selected papers on Renaissance philosophy and on Thomas Hobbes (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401704854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 278 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: -Selected papers on Renaissance philosophy and on Thomas Hobbes offers the best work in these fields by the acclaimed historian of philosophy, Karl Schuhmann (1941-2003), displaying the extraordinary range and depth of his unique scholarship, -Topics covered include Renaissance philosophy of nature; the development of the notion of time in early modern philosophy; Telesio's concept of space; Hermetic influences on Pico, Patrizi and Hobbes; Hobbes's Short Tract; Spinoza and Hobbes; Hobbes's political philosophy, -This book brings together, in chronological arrangement, twelve papers. Though these were published before in some form, several were not easily accessible so far, -All articles have been edited in accordance with the author's wishes, and incorporate his later additions and corrections
    Description / Table of Contents: Francis Bacon und Hobbes’ Widmungsbrief zu De CiveGedankenschnelle und Himmelsflug: einige hermetische Motive bei Hobbes -- Methodenfragen bei Spinoza und Hobbes: zum Problem des Einflusses -- Zur Entstehung des neuzeitlichen Zeitbegriffs: Telesio, Patrizi, Gassendi -- Telesio’s Concept of Matter -- Le concept de l’espace chez Telesio -- Giovanni Pico della Mirandola und der Hermetismus: Vom Mitstreiter zum Gegner -- Francesco Patrizi und die hermetische Philosophie -- La notion de loi chez Hobbes -- Hobbes and the Political Thought of Plato and Aristotle -- Hobbes und Gassendi -- Le Short Tract, première œuvre philosophique de Hobbes -- Karl Schuhmann - Bibliography (December 2003).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0485-4
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    Knowledge and Demonstration : Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402027888
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 161 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 56
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book examines a fundamental problem in Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics: what is the role of syllogistic logic in the theory of demonstrative knowledge? The answer to this question is sought in Aristotle’s metaphysical theory and his conception of substance. This interpretation challenges the traditional interpretation that approaches Aristotle’s theory of demonstration from the standpoint of scientific practice. It is argued, in this book, that the Posterior Analytics’ main objective is to articulate the notion of knowledge, viewed here as a conceptualisation, rather than analysing the structure and methods of scientific explorations. The original interpretation offered in this book sheds fresh light on issues, such as the conceptual difference between Aristotle’s logic and modern logic, the relationship between Aristotle’s logic and Greek mathematics, and the differences between the Aristotelian and modern notions of knowledge and proof. In attempting to present a comprehensive interpretation of one of the most difficult works in the Aristotelian corpus, this book is of major importance first and foremost for Aristotelian scholars and historians of Greek philosophy; the historical character of the analysis offered here makes it relevant also to historians of Greek mathematics, historians of logic, historians of science in general, and philosophers of sciences
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2788-8
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    Classics in the History of Greek Mathematics (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402026409
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 474 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 240
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 240
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Popular works. ; Mathematics ; History. ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Engineering. ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: This volume includes a selection of 19 classic papers on the history of Greek mathematics that were published during the 20th century and affected significantly the state of the art of this field. It is divided into six thematic sections and covers all the major issues of the Greek mathematical production. First, the inclusion in one volume of a considerable number of papers that had been published for the first time in old, and in certain cases hard to find, scientific journals representing turning-points in the history of the field, constitutes a particularly useful aid for all those working on the history of mathematics. Second, by means of the selected papers and the introductory texts of six well-known modern historians of ancient mathematics that accompany them, the reader can follow the ways the historiography of Greek mathematics developed. Finally, the introductory texts that precede each chapter help the reader to approach critically the selected papers and at the same time to get an idea of the issues being further clarified by the new historiographical approaches. The audience of the book includes scholars from history and philosophy of mathematics and mathematical sciences, scholars from history of science, students in the field of history of mathematics and history of sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The Beginnings of Greek Mathematics -- Studies on Greek Geometry -- Studies on proportion theory and incommensurability -- Studies on Greek Algebra -- Did the Greeeks have the notion of common fraction? Did they use it?- Methodological Issues in the Historiography of Greek Mathematics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2640-9
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    Philosophy and Neuroscience : A Ruthlessly Reductive Account (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401002370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Brain and Mind 2
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Psychology, clinical ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy of mind ; Neuropsychology. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophy and Neuroscience: A Ruthlessly Reductive Account is the first book-length treatment of philosophical issues and implications in current cellular and molecular neuroscience. John Bickle articulates a philosophical justification for investigating "lower level" neuroscientific research and describes a set of experimental details that have recently yielded the reduction of memory consolidation to the molecular mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP). These empirical details suggest answers to recent philosophical disputes over the nature and possibility of psycho-neural scientific reduction, including the multiple realization challenge, mental causation, and relations across explanatory levels. Bickle concludes by examining recent work in cellular neuroscience pertaining to features of conscious experience, including the cellular basis of working memory, the effects of explicit selective attention on single-cell activity in visual cortex, and sensory experiences induced by cortical microstimulation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0237-0
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    Toward an Anthropology of Graphing : Semiotic and Activity-Theoretic Perspectives (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401002233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 342 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Mathematics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; Science education. ; Philosophy and science. ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Toward an Anthropology of Graphing: Semiotic and Activity-Theoretic Perspectives presents the results of several studies involving scientists and technicians. In Part One of the book, "Graphing in Captivity", the author describes and analyses the interpretation scientists volunteered given graphs that had been culled from an introductory course and textbook in ecology. Surprisingly, the scientists were not the experts that the author expected them to be on the basis of the existing expert-novice literature. The section ends with the analysis of graphs that the scientists had culled from their own work. Here, they articulated a tremendous amount of background understanding before talking about the content of their graphs. In Part Two, "Graphing in the Wild", the author reports on graph usage in three different workplaces based on his ethnographic research among scientists and technicians. Based on these data, the author concludes that graphs and graphing are meaningful to the extent that they are deeply embedded in and connected to the familiarity with the workplace
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Toward an Anthropology of Graphing: An Introduction1.1 Graphing is Pervasive -- 1.2 Nature of Practice -- 1.3 Reading Graphs as Semiotic Practice -- 1.4 Graphs as Sign Objects -- 1.5 Graphing as Rhetorical Practice -- 1.6 Graphs as Conscription Devices -- 1.7 Conclusion and Outlook -- One: Graphing in Captivity -- 2 From ‘Expertise’ to Situated Reason: The Role of Experience, Familiarity, and Usefulness -- 3 Unfolding Interpretations: Graph Interpretation as Abduction -- 4 Problematic Readings: Case Studies of Scientists Struggling with Graph Interpretation -- 5 Articulating Background: Scientists Explain Graphs of their Own Making -- Two: Graphing in the Wild -- 6 Reading Graphs: Transparent Use of Graphs in Everyday Activity -- 7 From Writhing Lizards to Graphs: The Development of Embodied Graphing Competence -- 8 Fusion of Sign and Referent: From Interpreting to Reading of Graphs -- Appendix: The Tasks -- A.1 Plant Distributions -- A.2 Population Dynamics -- A.3 Isoclines -- A.4 Scientists’ Graphs -- Notes -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0223-3
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    The Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism : Re-evaluation and Future Perspectives (2003)
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9780306482144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 427 p. 6 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 10
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    RVK:
    CI 1190
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of Nature ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Wiener Kreis ; Neopositivismus
    Abstract: What is the Vienna Circle? -- What is the Vienna Circle? -- Origins and History -- Pluralism of Tenable World Views -- On the Formation of Logical Empiricism -- Bolzano’s Account of Justification -- Kantian Metaphysics and Hertzian Mechanics -- Moritz Schlick -- Moritz Schlick’s Idea of Non-territorial States -- An Unknown Side of Moritz Schlick’s Intellectual Biography: The Reviews for the “Vierteljahrschrift Für Wissenschaftliche Philosophie und Soziologie” (1911–1916) -- Between Meaning and Demarcation -- “Let’s Talk about Flourishing!” — Moritz Schlick and the Non-cognitive Foundation of Virtue Ethics -- Hans Reichenbach -- Coordination and Convention in Hans Reichenbach’s Philosophy of Space -- Reichenbach’s ?-Definition of Simultaneity in Historical and Philosophical Perspective -- Other Proponents and Periphery -- Towards a Physicalistic Attitude -- Logical Empiricism and Phenomenology: Felix Kaufmann -- Béla von Juhos and the Concept of “Konstatierungen” -- Wittgenstein’s Constructivization of Euler’s Proof of the Infinity of Primes -- Quine’S Historical Argument for Epistemology Naturalized -- Unity and Plurality -- Two Uses of Unification -- Unity and Plurality in the Concept of Causation -- Edgar Zilsel’s Research Programme: Unity of Science as an Empirical Problem -- Contexts of Science -- Criticizing a Difference of Contexts — On Reichenbach’S Distincition Between “Context of Discovery” and “Context of Justification” -- Contextualizing an Epistemological Issue: The Case of Error in Experiment -- The Contexts of Scientific Justification. Some Reflections on the Relation Between Epistemological Contextualism and Philosophy of Science -- Epistemology -- Modal Skepticism. Philosophical Thought Experiments and Modal Epistemology -- Structure and Heuristic: In Praise of Structural Reallism in the Case of Niels Bohr -- Ethics -- The Neutrality of Meta-Ethics Revisited — How to Draw on Einstein and the Vienna Circle in Developing an Adequate Account of Morals -- Women of Logical Empiricism -- No Woman, No Try? — Else Frenkel-Brunswik and the Project of Integrating Psychoanalysis into the Unity of Science -- Susan Stebbing on Cambridge and Vienna Analysis -- Susan Stebbing’s Criticism of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- Rose Rand: a Woman in Logic -- Report — Documentation -- Logical Positivism in Russia.
    Abstract: The Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism is for scholars, researchers and students in history and philosophy of science focusing on Logical Empiricism and analytic philosophy (of science). This volume features recent work from international research and historiography on the Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism and their influence. It is unique in that it: -provides historical and systematic research; -deals with the influence and impact of the Vienna Circle/Logical Empiricism on today's philosophy of science; -explores the intellectual context of this scientific philosophy; -unites contributions by renowned scholars and a younger generation of philosophers; -focuses on main figures and peripheral adherents; -features crucial issues of Logical Empiricism; -documents the activities of the Vienna Circle Institute; -includes reviews on related topics.
    Note: Includes papers from a symposium held July 12-14, 2001 at the University of Vienna , Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48214-2
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    Rescuing Reason : A Critique of Anti-Rationalist Views of Science and Knowledge (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401002899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 559 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 230
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 230
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Do knowledge and science arise from the application of canons of rationality and scientific method? Or is all our scientific knowledge caused by socio-political factors, or by our interests in the socio-political - the view of sociologists of "knowledge"? Or does it result from interplay of relations of power - the view of Michel Foucault? Or does our knowledge arise from "the will to power" - the view of Nietzsche? This volume sets out to critically examine the theses of those who would debunk the idea of rational explanation. The book is wide-ranging. The theories of method of Quine, Kuhn, Feyerabend (amongst others) are discussed and related to the views of Marx, Foucault, Wittgenstein and Nietzsche as well as sociologists of science such as Mannheim and Bloor. The author provides a wide interpretative framework which links the doctrines espoused by many of these authors; it is argued that they inherit many of the difficulties in the Strong Programme in the sociology of "knowledge", and that they fail to reconcile the normativity of knowledge with their naturalism. It is argued that neither relativists, sceptics, nihilists, sociologists of "knowledge" nor the postmodernists successfully debunk the claims of rational explanation, far from it: these theorists presuppose much of the theory of methodology they deny
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0289-9
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    Realism in Action : Essays in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400710467
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 292 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 321
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Realism in Action is a selection of essays written by leading representatives in the fields of action theory and philosophy of mind, philosophy of the social sciences and especially the nature of social action, and of epistemology and philosophy of science. Practical reason, reasons and causes in action theory, intending and trying, and folk-psychological explanation are some of the topics discussed by these leading participants. A particular emphasis is laid on trust, commitments and social institutions, on the possibility of grounding social notions in individual social attitudes, on the nature of social groups, institutions and collective intentionality, and on common belief and common knowledge. Applications to the social sciences include, e.g., a look at the Erklären-Verstehen controversy in economics, and at constructivist and realist views on archeological reconstructions of the past
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1046-7
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    Feyerabend and Scientific Values : Tightrope-Walking Rationality (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401715423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 235
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 235
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Every philosopher of science, and every student of the philosophy of science, has heard of Paul Feyerabend: the iconoclast who supposedly asserted that science is not rational, nor objective, but is characterised by anarchism, relativism, subjectivism and power. In this book it is argued that this picture of Feyerabend is false. Though Feyerabend was an iconoclast, his destructive philosophy was also creative. Feyerabend was deeply critical of a particular theory of scientific rationality, herein labelled 'Rationalism' - characterised as the algorithmic application of universal, necessary, atemporal rules - but he did not completely reject the idea of scientific rationality. It is argued that Feyerabend implicitly supported an alternative theory of rationality, herein labelled tightrope-walking rationality, characterised as the context-sensitive balancing of inherently irreconcilable values. The first half of the book deals with the entrenched misunderstandings of Feyerabend's philosophy that have arisen through a lack of appreciation of the target of Feyerabend's criticisms. The second half of the book brings together the positive elements to be found in Feyerabend's work, and presents these elements as a coherent alternative conception of scientific rationality
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1542-3
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    Dependencies, Connections, and Other Relations : A Theory of Mental Causation (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401701211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 288 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 93
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: When we do things for reasons, our behaviour seems to be caused by mental states such as beliefs and desires. But how can that be true? Is our body not already moved by 'physical' causes such as nerve impulses and muscle contractions? What difference is made by what is on our minds? It is unsettling that in contemporary analytic philosophy of mind we find widespread doubts about mental causation. For it is at the root of our existence as perceiving, thinking and acting subjects. Dependencies, Connections, and Other Relations. A Theory of Mental Causation covers, in its subsequent parts, ontology, the metaphysics of causation, and the philosophy of mind. It provides a firm theoretical basis for believing that in our all-physical world mental causation is perfectly real, and that it can be understood
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0121-1
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    Ernst Mach’s World Elements : A Study in Natural Philosophy (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401701754
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 292 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 68
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 68
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Ernst Mach (1838-1916) was a seminal philosopher-scientist and a deserving member of the canon of major twentieth-century thinkers. Yet, despite a healthy resurgence in Mach studies, he is still widely thought to represent a simplistic positivist, even sensationalist, position that does not at all reflect the depth of Mach's interests and subtlety as a philosopher. By exploring Mach's views on science as well as philosophy, this book attempts to wrest him free from his customary association with logical positivism and to reinterpret him on his own terms as a natural philosopher and naturalist about human knowledge. Mach's development and his influences from 19th century German philosophy and science are probed in great conceptual and historical detail, and attention is paid to his unpublished Nachlaß as well as to the affinities between Mach's thought and that of other major philosopher-scientists such as Einstein, Bertrand Russell, William James, Helmholtz, Riemann, Herbart and Kant. In particular, the book strives to set forth the true nature of Mach's sensation-elements, the motivations for his critique of the concepts of space and time in physics, and the real meaning of his famous critique of metaphysics. The author's work has appeared in Synthese, Kant-Studien, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics and the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, but here these inquiries are gathered into a unified historico-critical treatment that follows Mach's conceptual development and the culmination of his work in a unique and intriguing natural philosophy. Physicists, psychologists, philosophers of science, historians of twentieth-century thought and culture, and educators will find this volume a valuable help in interpreting Mach's ideas in a context that includes philosophy and science and the bridge between them
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0175-4
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    Bulgarian Studies in the Philosophy of Science (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401709613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 236
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 236
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Quantum physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume attempts to provide a new articulation of issues surrounding scientific realism, scientific rationality, the epistemology of non-classical physics, the type of revolutionary changes in the development of science, the naturalization of epistemology within frameworks of cognitive science and structural linguistics, models of the information technology revolution, and reconstructions of early modern logical systems. A common denominator of the authors' positions is the rejection of the post-modern deconstruction of the "global philosophical accounts" of science's cognitive structure and dynamics. The volume takes on a dual task: it deals with major perspectives on philosophy of science "after the end of post-positivism", and it represents basic philosophical controversies in an Eastern-European society "after the end of state socialism
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0961-3
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    Descartes’s Mathematical Thought (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401712255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 496 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 237
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 237
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Mathematics ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Covering both the history of mathematics and of philosophy, Descartes's Mathematical Thought reconstructs the intellectual career of Descartes most comprehensively and originally in a global perspective including the history of early modern China and Japan. Especially, it shows what the concept of "mathesis universalis" meant before and during the period of Descartes and how it influenced the young Descartes. In fact, it was the most fundamental mathematical discipline during the seventeenth century, and for Descartes a key notion which may have led to his novel mathematics of algebraic analysis
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1225-5
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    Process Theories : Crossdisciplinary Studies in Dynamic Categories (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400710443
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 336 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Management science. ; Philosophy and science. ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Economics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Processes constitute the world of human experience - from nature to cognition to social reality. Yet our philosophical and scientific theories of nature and experience have traditionally prioritized concepts for static objects and structures. The essays collected here call for a review of the role of dynamic categories in the language of theories. They present old and new descriptive tools for the modelling of dynamic domains, and argue for the merits of process-based explanations in ontology, cognitive science, semiotics, linguistics, philosophy of mind, robotics, theoretical biology, music theory, and philosophy of chemistry and physics. The collection is of interest to professional researchers in any of these fields; it establishes - for the very first time - crossdisciplinary contact among recent process-based research movements and might witness a conceptual paradigm shift in the making
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Analysis of Dynamic CategoriesAristotle’s Distinction between Change and Activity -- Free Process Theory: Towards a Typology of Occurrings -- Ontological Categories in GOL -- The Conceptualization of Processes -- Overt and Hidden Processes in 20th Century Music -- II: Applications of Process-Based Theories -- Process and Emergence: Normative Function and Representation -- Self-Directedness: A Process Approach to Cognition -- The Pattern and Process of Language in Use: A Test Case -- A Process-Ontological Account of Work -- Continuants and Processes in Macroscopic Chemistry -- The EPR-Experiment and Free Process Theory -- A Process-Based Architecture for an Artificial Conscious Being -- Causal Processes, Semiosis, and Consciousness.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1044-3
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    The Social Origins of Modern Science (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401141420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXI, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 200
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 200
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The most outstanding feature of this book is that here, for the first time, is made available in a single volume all the important historical essays Edgar Zilsel (1891-1944) published during WWII on the emergence of modern science. This edition also contains one previously unpublished essay and an extended version of an essay published earlier. In these essays, Zilsel developed the now famous thesis, named after him, that science came into being when, in the late Middle Ages, the social barriers between the intellectuals and the artisans were eroded, due to the fact that the rapidly expanding commercial classes of that period had a keen interest in improvements in technology. This class was city-based and stimulated a social environment in which men of learning came to regard the craftsmen and technicians with a new respect, in which they no longer felt any contempt for manual work and in which theory and practice were eventually combined to produce modern science. This critical edition also carries a long introduction in which much new material about Zilsel's life and work is presented. It suggests that a radical new look at Zilsel's project needs to be taken. Zilsel's essays on the history of science look like a standard case study to substantiate a particular position on the origins of modern science, but they were also an attempt to show that lawlike explanation in history and social theory is possible. It is claimed that Zilsel's historical essays were a part of another project he was working on which focused on the idea that social phenomena were open to causal explanation as much as physical phenomena. Hence the volume also contains the essays Zilsel wrote in relation to this other project. Previously there have been published a German and an Italian edition of the Zilsel essays. This edition is the first in English; compared to the other two editions this one is the first that includes unpublished material and the first to undertake a serious effort to research Zilsel's life and work. What is special about this volume is the well-articulated social perspective it takes on the origins of modern science
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4142-0
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    Philosophical Dimensions of Logic and Science : Selected Contributed Papers from the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Kraków, 1999 (2003)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401726122
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 396 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 320
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Philosophical Dimensions of Logic and Science is a collection of outstanding contributed papers presented at the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science held in Kraków in 1999. The Congress was a follow-up to the series of meetings, initiated once by Alfred Tarski, which aimed to provide an interdisciplinary forum for scientists, philosophers and logicians. The articles selected for publication in the book comply with that idea and innovatively address current issues in logic, metamathematics, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, and cognitive science, as well as philosophical problems of biology, chemistry and physics. The volume will be of interest to philosophers, logicians and scientists interested in foundational problems of their disciplines
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- I: Logic and Metamathematics. 1. A classification of logics over FLew. 2. On representing semantics in finite models. 3. Spectra of formulae with Henkin quantifiers. 4. On SigmaN-definability in arithmetic. 5. Arithmetic complexity of the predicate logics. 6. Straightforward proof of Köbler-Messner's result. 7. On the persistent difficulty of disjunction -- II: Science. 8. Science, lifeworld and realism. 9. Explaining laws by reduction. 10. Akaike's theorem and Bayesian methodology. 11. Does a living system have a state? 12. Do genes code for traits? 13. Chemistry and the completeness of physics. 14. The thermodynamic arrow of time. 15. Modal interpretations. 16. Cartwright's models are not adequate for EPR -- III: Language. 17. Radical anti-realism and substructural logics. 18. The minimalist conception of truth. 19. Truth and satisfaction by the empty sequence. 20. Truth, propositions and context. 21. Actuality and possibility. 22. Possible worlds semantics and the liar -- IV: Cognition. 23. The triplet modeling of concept connections. 24. Evaluation and testing in creativity. 25. Assessment in the limits of scientific inquiry. 26. Inferential traps in an escalation process -- Index of Names.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2612-2
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    What was Mechanical about Mechanics : The Concept of Force between Metaphysics and Mechanics from Newton to Lagrange (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401736725
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 280 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 224
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 224
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Physics. ; Mechanics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The great debates of the 18th century about the true measure of living force and the principle of least action, etc., can only be understood in depth if we realize that, at that time, mechanics was more than just mechanics. From Newton and Leibniz to Euler, Maupertuis, d'Alembert, and Lagrange, there was a metaphysical dimension to the pertinent issues, albeit partly at an implicit level. This gave the debates their typical flavor and texture, and influenced their outcomes deeply. On an explicit level, there was a progressive rejection of the traditional metaphysical approach to the foundations of mechanics. This was accompanied by profound conceptual changes in mechanics, away from force conceived as a substance, like water, and toward force conceived as a relationship between the elements in a structure of space and time. Thus these controversies helped to turn mechanics into the discipline we recognize today
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3672-5
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    The Nature of Science in Science Education : Rationales and Strategies (2002)
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Details
    ISBN: 9780306472152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer-11648
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 5
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Education ; Science Philosophy ; Science Study and teaching ; Teachers Training of ; Science education. ; Teaching. ; Philosophy and science. ; Learning. ; Instruction. ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Teachers—Training of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Learning, Psychology of. ; Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Didaktik
    Abstract: Rationales for Including Nature of Science in Science Instruction -- The Role and Character of the Nature of Science in Science Education -- The Nature of Science in International Science Education Standards Documents -- The Principal Elements of the Nature of Science: Dispelling the Myths -- Communicating the Nature of Science: Plans, Approaches and Strategies -- The Card Exchange: Introducing the Philosophy of Science -- Avoiding De-Natured Science: Activities that Promote Understandings of the Nature of Science -- Confronting Students’ Conceptions of the Nature of Science with Cooperative Controversy -- Nature of Science Activities Using the Dichotomy to a Philosophy Checklist Scientific Profile: From the Hawking-Gould -- Learning by Designing a Case of Heuristic Directed Theory Development in Science Teachting -- Using Historical Case Studies in Biology to Explore the Nature of Science: A Professional Development Program for High School Teachers -- A History of Science Approach to the Nature of Science: Learning Science by Rediscovering it -- Integrating the Nature of Science with Student Teaching: Rationale and Strategies -- Communicating the Nature of Science: Courses and Course Elements -- A Thematic Introduction to the Nature of Science: The Rationale and Content of a Course for Science Educators -- The Nature of Science: Achieving Scientific Literacy by Doing Science -- Elementary Science Teaching Methods: Developing and Measuring Student Views about the Nature of Science -- Nature of Science: Implications for Education an Undergraduate Course for Prospective Teachers -- The Use of Real and Imaginary Cases in Communicating the Nature of Science: A Course Outline -- Teaching the Nature of Science as an Element of Science, Technology and Society -- Of Starting Points and Destinations: Teacher Education and the Nature of Science -- A Programme for Developing Understanding of the Nature of Science in Teacher Education -- The Nature of Science as a Foundation for Teaching Science: Evolution as a Case Study -- Assessing the Nature of Science Understanding -- Assessing Understanding of the Nature of Science: A Historical Perspective.
    Abstract: The Nature of Science in Science Education is the first book to blend a justification for the inclusion of the history and philosophy of science in science teaching with methods by which this vital content can be shared with a variety of learners. It contains a complete analysis of the variety of tools developed thus far to assess learning in this domain. This book is relevant to science methods instructors, science education graduate students and science teachers.
    DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47215-5
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    Disease and Diagnosis : Value-Dependent Realism (2002)
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Details
    ISBN: 9780306468742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer-11648
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 63
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Philosophy and science. ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Diagnose ; Nosologie ; Philosophie
    Abstract: Fact and Value -- Social Constructivism vs. Scientific Realism -- Fact vs. Value -- Disease -- The Concept of Disease -- The Classification of Diseases -- Diagnosis -- The Elements of Diagnosis -- The Process of Diagnosis -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The germs of the ideas in this book became implanted in me during my experience as a resident in clinical pathology at Boston University Medical Center. At the time, I had inklings that the test results churned out by our laboratories were more than scientific facts. As a philosophically unsophisticated young physician, however, I had no language or framework to analyze what I saw as a deep philosophical problem, a problem largely unrecognized by most physicians. The test results provided by our laboratories were accurate and of great practical importance for patient care. However, most of the physicians who relied on our test results to diagnose and treat their patients either did not have the time or interest to consider the philosophical issues inherent in diagnosis, or, like me, had inadequate means to further analyze them. It was more than ten years later that I began doctoral studies in philosophy, and I was fortunate to find a faculty that was supportive ofmy efforts to address the problem. This book began as my doctoral dissertation in the Department of Philosophy at Georgetown University. I would like to acknowledge the assistance of my mentor, Robert Veatch, Ph. D. Our conversations during my Georgetown years led me in new and often fascinating directions. I would also like to acknowledge the help of Kenneth Schaffner, M. D. , Ph. D.
    DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46874-3
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    History of Philosophy of Science : New Trends and Perspectives (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401717854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 441 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [2001], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 9
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume includes in its special part recent contributions to the philosophy of science from a historical point of view and of the highest topicality: the range of the topics is covering all fields in the philosophy of the science provided by authors from Europe, America and around the world focussing on ancient , modern and contemporary periods in the development of the science philosophy. It represents a distinguished selection of the "Third Biennial Meeting of the History of Philosophy of Science Working Group" in Vienna (HOPOS 2000), which was jointly organised by Vienna Circle Institute at the University of Vienna. The audience of this proceedings is the scientific community and students at graduate level as well as postdocs in this interdisciplinary field of research.The general part contains as usual a report/document section with special highlights - contributions on American philosophers (by Gerald Holton) and on Wittgenstein (David Stern) - as well as review articles and review related new publications and short documentation of Vienna Circle Institute's activities
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1785-4
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    Knowledge and Language : Selected Essays of L. Jonathan Cohen (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401720205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 227
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 227
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of twenty papers deals with a wide range of issues in philosophy of language, epistemology, history of philosophy, philosophy of psychology, jurisprudence and philosophy of science. It should be of interest to, and prove a stimulus for new work by, researchers and practitioners working in any of these fields. Tracing a route backwards through the papers as presented here, the final group is largely concerned with how empirical knowledge may be acquired through evidence in states of uncertainty; the middle group explores how such evidence often requires or results in conceptual innovation and is given to us in language the meaning of which may be difficult to determine; the first group explores how a theory of meaning can be constructed for natural and artificial languages. The papers exhibit a distinctive analytical perspective and a great deal of thematic continuity, underpinned by commitment to the richness both of language and of enquiry and opposition to simplistic or dogmatic formalisations and analyses
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2020-5
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    Recent Themes in the Philosophy of Science : Scientific Realism and Commonsense (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401728621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 215 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 17
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume brings together ten original, thematically-related papers, written by prominent figures in the philosophy of science in Australasia and elsewhere. The contributed papers are focused on two fundamental issues in contemporary philosophy of science, the status of scientific realism and the relationship between science and commonsense. The contemporary scientific realism debate turns on the viability of the claims that science aims at truth and that we can justifiably believe that science has achieved or approximated this aim. Several papers in the collection constitute original contributions to this debate. Other papers explore what appears to be an increasingly divergent relationship between the scientific and commonsense images of the world. This volume is a valuable resource for all who are interested in and engaged by contemporary philosophy of science
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2862-1
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    Meanest Foundations and Nobler Superstructures : Hooke, Newton and the “Compounding of the Celestiall Motions of the Planetts” (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401722230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 251 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 229
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 229
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Physics. ; Observations, Astronomical. ; Philosophy. ; History ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This book is a historical-epistemological study of one the most consequential idea of early modern celestial mechanics: Robert Hooke's proposal to "compoun[d] the celestial motions of the planets of a direct motion by the tangent & an attractive motion towards a central body," a proposal which Isaac Newton adopted and realized in his Principia. Hooke's Programme was revolutionary both cosmologically and mathematically. It presented "the celestial motions," the proverbial symbol of stability and immutability, as a process of continuous change, and prescribed only parameters of rectilinear motions and rectilinear attractions for calculating their closed curved orbits. Yet the traces of Hooke's construction of his Programme for the heavens lead through his investigations in such earthly disciplines as microscopy, practical optics and horology, and the mathematical tools developed by Newton to accomplish it appear no less local and goal-oriented than Hooke's lenses and springs. This transgression of the boundaries between the theoretical, experimental and technological realms is reminiscent of Hooke's own free excursions in and out of the circles occupied by gentlemen-philosophers, university mathematicians, instrument makers, technicians and servants. It presents an opportunity to examine the social and epistemological distinctions, relations and hierarchies between those realms and their inhabitants, and compels a critical assessment of the philosophical categories they embody
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPart A: The Historical Question. 1. Gallileo's Challenge. 2. The Correspondence. 3. Hooke's Programme -- Part B: The Historiographic Difficulty. 4. Hooke vs. Newton. 5. The Genius vs. The Mechanic. 1. Inflection. Introduction: The Bad Ending -- Part A: The Novelty. 1. Hooke's Programme. 2. Setting the Question Right -- Part B: Employing Inflection. 3. Inflection. 4. Application as Manipulation.-- Part C: Producing Inflection in the Workshop. 5. Construction. 6. Implementation. 7. Tentative Conclusion -- 1.st Interlude: Practice. 1. Introduction - Methodological Lessons. 2. Hacking. 3. The Realism Snare. 2. Power -- Part A: 1. Introduction. 2. De Potentia Restitutiva, or: Of Spring -- Part B: 3. Horology. 4. The Spring Watch. 5. Springs and Forces -- Part C: 6. The Origins of the Vibration Theory. 7. Of Spring again. 8. Springs as a Topos. 9. A Clockwork Theory of Matter and Power -- 2.nd Interlude: Representation. 1. Rorty. 2. 'Knowledge Of and 'Knowledge That'. 3. Hacking and Rorty. 3. Newton's Synthesis. 1. Introduction. 2. Newton Before and After. 3. Hooke's Programme. Notes. Introduction. 1. Inflection. 1st Interlude: Practice. 2. Clocks, Pendulums and Springs -- 2.nd Interlude: Representation. 3. Newton's Synthesis -- Bibliography -- Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2223-0
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    Life Truth in its Various Perspectives : Cognition, Self-Knowledge, Creativity, Scientific Research, Sharing-in-Life, Economics… (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401720854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 379 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 76
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Aesthetics ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: What is truth? This fascinating spectrum of studies into the various rationalities of our human dealings with life - psychological, aesthetic, economic, spiritual - reveals their joints and calls for a new approach to truth. Putting both classical and contemporary conceptions aside, we find the primogenital ground of truth in the networks of correspondences, adequations, relevancies, and rationales at work in life's becoming. Does this plurivocal differentiation mean that the status of truth is relative? On the contrary, submits Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, given the universal significance of the crucial instrument of the logos of life, "truth is the vortex of life's ontopoietic unfolding
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2085-4
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    Model-Based Reasoning : Science, Technology, Values (2002)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461506058
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 404 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal reasoning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help of traditional notions of reasoning, such as classical logic. Understanding the contribution of modeling practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires expanding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning considered in this book. The term `model' comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. Moreover, in the modeling process, various forms of abstraction are used. Evaluation and adaptation take place in the light of structural, causal, and/or functional constraints. Model simulation can be used to produce new states and enable evaluation of behaviors and other factors. The various contributions of the book are written by interdisciplinary researchers who are active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology: the most recent results and achievements in the topics above are illustrated in the chapters
    Description / Table of Contents: Metaphor-Based Values in Scientific ModelsAnalogy in Scientific Discovery: The Case of Johannes Kepler -- Model Experiments and Models in Experiments -- Models, Simulations, and Experiments -- Calibration of Models in Experiments -- The Development of Scientific Taxonomies -- Production, Science and Epistemology. An Overview on New Models and Scenarios -- Modeling Practices and “Tradition” -- Modeling Data: Analogies in Neural Networks, Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms -- Perceptual Simulation in Analogical Problem Solving -- Building Demand Models to Improve Environmental Policy Process -- Toward a Computational Model of Hypothesis Formation and Model Building in Science -- Models as Parts of Distributed Cognitive Systems -- Conceptual Models, Inquiry and the Problem of Deriving Normative Claims from a Naturalistic Base -- Dynamic Imagery: A Computational Model of Motion and Visual Analogy -- Model-Based Reasoning and Similarity in the World -- Epistemic Artifacts: Michael Faraday’s Search for the Optical Effects of Gold -- Epistemic Mediators and Model-Based Discovery in Science -- Deterministic Models and the “Unimportance of the Inevitable” -- Mental Models in Conceptual Development -- Modeling Core Knowledge and Practices in a Computational Approach to Innovation Process -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0605-8
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  • 89
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    E.A. Burtt, Historian and Philosopher : A Study of the author of The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401713313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 299 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 226
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 226
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Burtt's book, The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science, is something of a puzzle within the context of twentieth-century intellectual history, especially American intellectual history. Burtt's pioneering study of the scientific revolution has proved to prophetic in its rejection of both scientism and positivism. Published in 1924, Burtt's book continues to be read in educated circles and remains both the rose and the thorn on university reading lists, raising skeptical questions about science methods and science knowledge just as it did seventy-five years ago. This book examines Burtt's public, academic and personal life. From his politics of conscience after World War I on through the Cold War Burtt is shown to be a man of unparalleled integrity, whose relentless search for philosophic understanding drove his more quixotic philosophical quests and steered his personal life, including its tragic dimension, toward simple virtue. The many who have been affected by The Metaphysical Foundations will be especially interested in this new perspective on the life and thought of its author. Those who have not read Burtt's books might be inspired to study this unusual American thinker
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1331-3
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  • 90
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    Topik (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401735483
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 210 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Reihe Gegründet von H.L. van Breda und Publiziert unter Schirmherrschaft der Husserl-Archive 162
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 162
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: "Wahr" oder "unwahr" scheinen Prädikate, die nur einer Aussage zukommen können. Die Frage, auf die eine Aussage antwortet, das Thema, worauf sie sich einläßt, der Gegenstand, über den sie sich ausspricht, scheinen nicht "wahr" oder "verkehrt", sondern allenfalls "interessant" oder "uninteressant" sein zu können. Die Frage der Topik, wie sie hier gestellt und erörtert wird, ist dahingegen die, ob sich nicht auch für eine Frage, ein Thema, einen Gegenstand, verbunden mit der Frage des Interesses, eine Frage der Wahrheit (die Frage einer "topischen Wahrheit") stellt, da sonst die Frage nach der `mogischen Wahrheit' einer Aussage buchstäblich gegenstandlos zu werden Gefahr läuft. In einem ersten Kapitel soll im Hinblick auf eine Reihe von Phänomenen (vom `Betrug' bis hin zur `Diskussion') gezeigt sein, daß sich eine solche Frage der Topik in der Tat stellt; im zweiten Kapitel, daß sie sich auch längst schon, sei es auch nicht unter diesem Namen, in der modernen Wissenschaftsphilosophie (von Kant bis Thomas Kuhn) erhoben hat. Das dritte Kapitel ist ein Versuch zur Grundlegung einer Antwort auf die Frage der Topik. Das vierte Kapitel soll zeigen, daß die gewöhnliche Ausflucht aus der Frage der Topik selber auf einer eigentümlichen Antwort auf die Frage der Topik beruht
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3548-3
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  • 91
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    Ideas for a Hermeneutic Phenomenology of the Natural Sciences : Volume II: On the Importance of Methodical Hermeneutics for a Hermeneutic Phenomenology of the Natural Sciences (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401003797
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 208 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Ideas for Hermeneutic Phenomenology of Natural Sciences (published in 1993 as volume 15 of this series) comprised mainly ontological reflections on the natural sciences. That book explained why the natural sciences must be considered inherently interpretive in character, and clarified the conditions under which scientific interpretations are "legitimate" and may be called "true". This companion volume focuses on methodological issues. Its first part elucidates the methodical hermeneutics developed in the 19th century by Boeckh, Birt, Dilthey, and others. Its second part, through the use of concrete examples drawn from modern physics as it unfolded from Copernicus to Maxwell, clarifies and "proves" the main points of the ontologico-hermeneutical conception of the sciences elaborated in the earlier volume. It thereby both illuminates the most important problems confronting an ontologico-phenomenological approach to the natural sciences and offers an alternative to Kuhn's conception of the historical development of the natural sciences
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0379-7
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  • 92
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    Ceterus Paribus Laws (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401710091
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 174 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Natural and social sciences seem very often, though usually only implicitly, to hedge their laws by ceteris paribus clauses - a practice which is philosophically very hard to understand because such clauses seem to render the laws trivial and unfalsifiable. After early worries the issue is vigorously discussed in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of mind since ca. 15 years. This volume collects the most prominent philosophers of science in the field and presents a lively, controversial, but well-integrated, highly original and up-to-date discussion of the issue. It will be the reference book in the coming years concerning ceteris paribus laws
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1009-1
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  • 93
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    Hermeneutic Philosophy of Science, Van Gogh’s Eyes, and God : Essays in Honor of Patrick A. Heelan, S.J (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401717670
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 495 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 225
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Religion. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This richly textured book bridges analytic and hermeneutic and phenomenological philosophy of science, featuring unique resources for students of the philosophy and history of quantum mechanics and the Copenhagen Interpretation, cognitive theory and the psychology of perception, the history and philosophy of art, and the pragmatic and historical relationships between religion and science. Of special interest is the new technology of variational graphic representations with the insights (and mathematical apparatus) of Patrick Heelan's work on the perception of space and the history of art, particularly the work of Cézanne and Van Gogh. This book will interest students of the scientific philosophies of Heisenberg and Bohr, Wittgenstein (on science - Hertz - and on religion - Rush Rhees), as well as the social histories of Thomas Kuhn and Ludwig Fleck, and the philosophical insights of Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Lacan, Foucault, and including pragmatism and the contemporary Thomism of Bernard Longeran
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1767-0
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  • 94
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    Mixture and Chemical Combination : And Related Essays (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401722926
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 322 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 223
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 223
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Chemistry ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Much of Duhem's work as a professional scientist was closely related to the newly emerging discipline of physical chemistry. The book and associated papers translated here revolve around his concomitant philosophical and historical interests in chemistry-topics largely uncovered by Duhem's writings hitherto available in English. He understood contemporary concerns of chemists to be a development of the ancient dispute over the nature of mixture. Having developed his historical account from distinctions drawn from the atomists and Aristotelians of antiquity, he places his own views of chemical combination squarely within the Aristotelian tradition. Apart from illuminating Duhem's own work, it is of interest to see how the ancient dispute can be related to modern science by someone competent to make such comparisons. The book is lucid and logically stringent without assuming any particular mathematical prerequisites, and provides a masterly statement of an important line of nineteenth century thought which is of interest in its own right as well as providing insight into Duhem's broader philosophical views
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2292-6
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  • 95
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    A Model-Theoretic Realist Interpretation of Science (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401705837
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 203 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 311
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book Emma Ruttkamp demonstrates the power of the full-blown employment of the model-theoretic paradigm in the philosophy of science. Within this paradigm she gives an account of sciences as process and product. She expounds the "received statement" and the "non-statement" views of science, and shows how the model-theoretic approach resolves the spurious tension between these views. In this endeavour she also engages the views of a number of contemporary philosophers of science with affinity to model theory. This text can be read by specialists working in philosophy of science or formal semantics, by logicians working on the structure of theories, and by students in philosophy of science - this text offers a thorough introduction to non-statement accounts of sciences as well as a discussion of the traditional statement account of science
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0583-7
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  • 96
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    In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science : Volume Two of the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Cracow, August 1999 (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401704755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 316
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy. ; Artificial intelligence ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: This is the second of two volumes containing papers submitted by the invited speakers to the 11th international Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Cracow in 1999, under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. The invited speakers are the leading researchers and accordingly the book presents the current state of the intellectual discourse in the respective fields
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0475-5
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  • 97
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    Explanatory Translation : Beyond the Kuhnian Model of Conceptual Change (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401715218
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 321 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 312
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical physics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book, Veikko Rantala makes a systematic attempt to understand cognitive characteristics of translation by bringing its logical, pragmatic and hermeneutic features together and examining a number of scientific, logical, and philosophical applications. The notion of translation investigated here is called explanatory, but it is not a translation in the standard sense of the word since it admits of conceptual change. Such translations can take various degrees of precision, and therefore they can occur in contexts of different kinds: from everyday discourse to literary texts to scientific change. The book generalizes some earlier approaches to translation, especially the one presented in David Pearce's monograph Roads to Commensurability. Rantala argues that the notion has something in common with Thomas Kuhn's earlier conception of scientific change and his views of language learning, but it can be used to go beyond Kuhn's well-known ideas and challenge his criticism concerning the import of the correspondence relation
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface. IntroductionPart One: The Pragmatics and Hermeneutics of Conceptual Change. 1. Prologue: The Correspondence Principle. 2. Translation. 3. Examples and Applications of Local Translation. 4. Global Translation -- Part Two: The Logic and Pragmatics of Scientific Change. 5. The Correspondence Relation. 6. Intertheoretic Explanation. 7. Case Studies -- Part Three: The Formal Basis of the Correspondence Relation. 8. Theories and Logics. 9. A Formal Treatment of Case Studies -- Appendix: Definability. Notes. Bibliography. Name Index. Subject Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1521-8
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  • 98
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    Appraising Lakatos : Mathematics, Methodology, and the Man (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401707695
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 382 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Modern philosophy. ; Political philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Imre Lakatos (1922-1974) was one of the protagonists in shaping the "new philosophy of science". More than 25 years after his untimely death, it is time for a critical re-evaluation of his ideas. His main theme of locating rationality within the scientific process appears even more compelling today, after many historical case studies have revealed the cultural and societal elements within scientific practices. Recently there has been, above all, an increasing interest in Lakatos' philosophy of mathematics, which emphasises heuristics and mathematical practice over logical justification. But suitable modifications of his approach are called for in order to make it applicable to modern axiomatised theories. Pioneering historical research in England and Hungary has unearthed hitherto unknown facts about Lakatos' personal life, his wartime activities and his involvement in the political developments of post-war Europe. From a communist activist committed to Györgyi Lukács' thinking, Lakatos developed into a staunch anti-Marxist who found his intellectual background in Popper's critical rationalism. The volume also publishes for the first time a part of his Debrecen Ph.D. thesis and it is concluded by a bibliography of his Hungarian writings
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0769-5
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  • 99
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    Inconsistency in Science (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401700856
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 223 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Origins, Studies in the sources of scientific creativity 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: For centuries, inconsistencies were seen as a hindrance to good reasoning, and their role in the sciences was ignored. In recent years, however, logicians as well as philosophers and historians have showed a growing interest in the matter. Central to this change were the advent of paraconsistent logics, the shift in attention from finished theories to construction processes, and the recognition that most scientific theories were at some point either internally inconsistent or incompatible with other accepted findings. The new interest gave rise to important questions. How is `logical anarchy' avoided? Is it ever rational to accept an inconsistent theory? In what sense, if any, can inconsistent theories be considered as true? The present collection of papers is the first to deal with this kind of questions. It contains case studies as well as philosophical analyses, and presents an excellent overview of the different approaches in the domain
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0085-6
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  • 100
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    Internal Logic : Foundations of Mathematics from Kronecker to Hilbert (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401700832
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 251 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 310
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    RVK:
    CC 2000
    RVK:
    SK 130
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy and science. ; Mathematics ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Arithmetik ; Logischer Schluss
    Abstract: Internal logic is the logic of content. The content is here arithmetic and the emphasis is on a constructive logic of arithmetic (arithmetical logic). Kronecker's general arithmetic of forms (polynomials) together with Fermat's infinite descent is put to use in an internal consistency proof. The view is developed in the context of a radical arithmetization of mathematics and logic and covers the many-faceted heritage of Kronecker's work, which includes not only Hilbert, but also Frege, Cantor, Dedekind, Husserl and Brouwer. The book will be of primary interest to logicians, philosophers and mathematicians interested in the foundations of mathematics and the philosophical implications of constructivist mathematics. It may also be of interest to historians, since it covers a fifty-year period, from 1880 to 1930, which has been crucial in the foundational debates and their repercussions on the contemporary scene
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0083-2
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