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  • English  (1,751)
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (1,759)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Print version Korea
    DDC: 331.3/98/09519
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Korea ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitspolitik ; Rentenversicherung
    Abstract: In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS; INTRODUCTION; Chapter 1 THE CHALLENGE AHEAD; Chapter 2 THE CURRENT LABOUR MARKET SITUATION; Chapter 3 STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE INCOME SUPPORT FOR OLDER PEOPLE AND WORK INCENTIVES; Chapter 4 ENCOURAGING EMPLOYERS TO RETAIN OLDER WORKERS; Chapter 5 BETTER ACCESS TO BETTER JOBS; Chapter 6 ENSURING POLICIES ARE COMPREHENSIVE AND COHERENT; BIBLIOGRAPHY;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (119 p.)
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Print version Czech Republic
    DDC: 361.9437
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Tschechoslowakei ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS; Chapter 1 THE CHALLENGE AHEAD; Chapter 2 CURRENT LABOUR MARKET SITUATION OF OLDER WORKERS; Chapter 3 PROTECTING PEOPLE WHILE ENHANCING WORK INCENTIVES THE ROLE OF THE WELFARE SYSTEM; Chapter 4 REMOVING BARRIERS FACING EMPLOYERS; Chapter 5 HELPING OLDER WORKERS TO FIND JOBS AND TO CONTINUE WORKING; Chapter 6 CREATING GREATER EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL; BIBLIOGRAPHY;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Politik ; Older people Employment ; Government policy ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Reform ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Rentenversicherung ; Beschäftigungsplan ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Japan ; Japan ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungsplan ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Rentenversicherung ; Reform
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016620
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Politik ; Older people Employment ; Government policy ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Tschechische Republik ; Tschechoslowakei ; Tschechoslowakei ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264020467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies/Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Norwegen ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Norwegen ; Älterer Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Career Guidance : A Handbook for Policy Makers
    DDC: 339.5
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Berufsberatung ; Bildungsberatung
    Abstract: Despite many examples of good practice, large weaknesses exist in many countries' national career guidance services, according to extensive research conducted by the OECD, and by the Centre for the Development of Vocational Training and the European Training Foundation on behalf of the European Commission
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Table of Contents; 1. Introduction; 2. Career education and guidance in schools; 3. Career guidance young people at risk; 4. Career services in tertiary education; 5. Career guidance for unemployed adults; 6. Career guidance for employed adults; 7. Career guidance for older adults; 8. Expanding access to career guidance services; 9. Career guidance services for disadvantaged groups; 10. Improving career information; 11. Training and qualifications; 12. Funding career guidance; 13. Co-ordination and strategic leadership; 14. Ensuring the quality of career guidance
    Description / Table of Contents: 15. Assessing the effectiveness of career guidance16. Conclusion: The features of a lifelong guidance system; Annexes;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2003
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 19-30
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La relation enseignement-recherche
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 19-30
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The article explores whether the idea of a nexus between research and teaching is still influential, what meanings are attached to it and within what concepts of higher education. It draws on research into the perceptions of two groups of actors, academics and students, and some recent scholarly analyses of the issues. It argues that the idea of the nexus is still important to academics and a range of students. It is embedded in a world in which academic definitions of knowledge and higher education remain largely dominant. The recent writings examined are attempts to tighten the conceptual connections between teaching and research ...
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 7-40
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les incidences des principes comptables généralement admis GAAP sur la prise de décision budgétaire : Bilan de douze années d'expérience de la budgétisation sur la base des droits constatés et des produits en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 7-40
    Keywords: Governance ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This paper reviews the theory and the rhetoric for accrual accounting and budgeting by government. Reference is made to generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) in New Zealand. An historical summary is provided of 12 years of accrual budgets and, using this as a base, assessments are made of the actual benefits that have been achieved...
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 227-257
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 227-257
    Keywords: Economics ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This paper fits Markov switching models to quarterly New Zealand aggregate GDP growth rates for the period 1978:1 to 2003:2 in order to analyse changes in mean and volatility over time. The models considered are drawn from a simple class of parsimonious, four state, Markov switching models which encompass a wide range of stationary time series behaviour from linear AR(1) models to non-linear models with persistent cycles and outliers. An overall objective is to use the models to help understand and identify changes in the historical growth performance of New Zealand's small open economy, particularly pre and post wide ranging economic reforms. Conclusions to emerge are that, in contrast to the 1980s, New Zealand GDP growth experienced an unusually long period of time in high growth and low volatility regimes since the early 1990s. In addition, New Zealand does not appear to have ...
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 141-223
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions de concurrence et de réglementation en matière de télécommunications : Synthèse
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 141-223
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The telecommunications industry has been transformed by increasingly vigorous competitive activity in an environment of rapid technical and regulatory change. As new technologies grow and as competitors enter and expand, firms often seek access to the networks of their competitors. The rules for connecting networks can be critical for the success of new and established networks and can have significant effects on investment. In fact, the most complex questions facing regulators in a potentially competitive telecommunications market are frequently focused on the conditions of access of one network to another’s network. One reason these problems are severe is that, as long as subscribers are only connected to one network, that network has a monopoly over calls that terminate with its subscribers, even if different networks might have competed to obtain that subscriber...
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 109-122
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Satisfaction des étudiants dans l'enseignement supérieur en Turquie
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 109-122
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to determine the level and the factors for university students’ satisfaction with the institutions they are attending. Firstly, the concept of satisfaction will be defi ned. Secondly, a conceptual framework to demonstrate the relationship between the factors which lie behind university student satisfaction will be presented. Thirdly, the results and implications of a survey with which the authors tried to test the presupposed relationships within the boundaries of the conceptual framework will be given and discussed. The limitations of the research are also given. The results of the research show that, at least for some Turkish university students, the quality of education, instructors, textbooks and being female and informed ...
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 79-146
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les fusions dans les médias : Note de référence
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 79-146
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The question of who owns our newspapers, television and radio is vital to democracy. The information and opinion we draw on must reflect a range of different voices and views if we are to be able to understand and debate the issues of the day. The Government’s task is to create a framework for media ownership which protects that plurality of voices and encourages a diversity of content whilst, at the same time, promoting the most competitive market for media businesses and attracting new investment ...
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analyse conjointe de l'appropriation et du partenariat en Tanzanie : Examen comparatif des programmes d'aide du Danemark, de la Finlande, de l'Irlande et du Japon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 111-176
    Keywords: Development ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: This Joint Assessment compares the strengths of four donors in Tanzania, namely Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Japan, as well as the challenges facing them, and makes observations on their aid programmes. The aim of the Joint Assessment of these four donors (2-13 March 2003) was to understand the way in which the implementation of donors’ partnership strategies contributes to country ownership. The paper looks at the challenges for donors posed by the Tanzanian aid co-ordination mechanisms, which strongly promote Tanzanian ownership of the development programme. It concludes with a series of lessons for DAC donors...
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 7-50
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comportement de départ à la retraite dans les pays de l'OCDE : L'impact des systèmes de pension de vieillesse et d'autres programmes de transferts sociaux
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 7-50
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the impact of old-age pension systems and other social transfer programmes on the retirement decision of older males in OECD countries. For each of the 55-59, 60-64 and 65+ age groups, a new panel dataset of retirement incentives embedded in those schemes is constructed, focusing mainly on the implicit tax rate on continued work. These currently differ widely across OECD countries: they are high in most Continental European Countries, compared with Japan, Korea, English-speaking and Nordic countries. Simple cross-country correlations and panel data econometric estimates both show that implicit taxes on continued work have sizeable effects on the departure of older male workers from the labour force ...
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 73-78
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les fusions dans les médias : Synthèse par le Secrétariat
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 73-78
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Reviewing media mergers may be more complicated than reviewing other mergers because of the huge variety of possible media content and the two-sided market aspect of many media, i.e. those earning advertising revenue. A wide variety of content means that market definition is rendered more complex. The twosided market characteristic has important and sometimes far from obvious impacts on how mergers affect economic efficiency, media plurality and content diversity...
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 73-93
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capacité d'adaptation générale dans l'enseignement supérieur : Programme de réforme
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 73-93
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Over the last several years the author conducted 126 interviews and held four focus groups with academic staff, administrators and others associated with Australian universities, about the problems and challenges they believed faced the system of tertiary education. Widespread concern and pessimism pervaded the interviews about the future of tertiary education in Australia. Approximately three quarters of the interviewees said that the system was worse, or certainly no better, today than a decade ago; a similar number held out little hope that the system would improve, if not deteriorate further, in a decade. In this article the author outlines what he sees as systemic barriers to change and then offers suggestions for ...
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 171-171
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions de concurrence et de réglementation en matière de fusions dans les médias : Contributions par pays
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 171-171
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This section lists the 17 country contributions to the discussion of media mergers.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 9-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement et la recherche : Quelques questions fondamentales
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 9-18
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper assesses some of the framework issues, of policy and provision, which affect the connections between teaching and research in higher education. The presumption of an essential linkage between research and teaching has in recent years been eroded by the sheer quantities of the system. In spite of the enduring appeal of the Humboldtian model, it was not always assumed in the UK and is not assumed in many other systems. The arguments for and against the connection are noted and assessed. The arguments in favour are mainly in terms of the advantages to research; and arguments from teaching are more ...
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 63-71
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gérer le partenariat clinique avec les universités : Leçons tirées de l'expérience internationale
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 63-71
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dialogue between the leaders of academic clinical organisations in different countries has revealed that the core elements of the partnership between universities and health care systems are remarkably consistent across national boundaries. There is now an impetus to move beyond analysis of common challenges and towards strategies for success that draw on international experience. This paper summarises some of the conclusions that emerged when leaders of teaching hospitals, health care systems, health professional schools and universities met to learn from international experience and to identify strategies for success. The conclusion reached is that these organisations must articulate their unique role in national health systems, communicate their ...
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 65-82
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Gestalt revisitée : Retombées et évaluation de la coopération universitaire internationale
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 65-82
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: International university co-operation is in a constant state of metamorphosis. Its future rests upon extraneous forces such as globalization and internationalization and also upon those who make policy decisions. Many international university organizations are auditing their programs and initiatives to such a degree that the cost effectiveness of such quality control measures are put into question. Institutional leaders are often forced to contend with low morale, trying their best to bolster a sense of hope, meaning and potential to international initiatives that are more likely to be financially sound than altruistic. Although current data suggest that bottom-top approaches to international co-operation are more likely to withstand the changes of time, it is often left to top-bottom directives to set a course for action. Drawing upon a specific and recently updated research study, this paper examines salient programs and initiatives that would otherwise not exist had it not been for certain policy makers who have actively advocated and promoted international university co-operation. It is in this vein that Wertheimer’s Gestalt approach is re-examined....
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Afrique Centrale et les régions transfrontalières : Perspectives de reconstruction et d'intégration
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The study in question shows the potential embodied in the regional forces around three large Central African basins: the North West basin (Atlantic Ocean), the East basin (Indian Ocean) and the South basin (southern Africa). It serves as a back-up to the Initiative for Central Africa (INICA) which is an informal framework for dialogue and a bridge between the local and regional levels, the aim of which is to provide backing for regional actors who develop initiatives conducive to a return to peace and stability in the region...
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-42
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réflexion du CAD sur la reconstruction en Irak
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-42
    Keywords: Development ; Iraq
    Abstract: This part provides the background paper, the agenda and the summary of the OECD DAC meeting ‘Reflection on Reconstruction in Iraq’, held in Paris on 21-22 July 2003. The reflection provided a forum for an informal exchange of views on the challenges to relief, recovery and reconstruction in Iraq...
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 147-170
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les fusions dans les médias : Compte rendu de la discussion
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 147-170
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The Chairman made three general opening points: market definition is an important issue in most jurisdictions, and seems to be fairly similar across countries; behavioural remedies are heavily used and are highly case specific; and competition authorities are wrestling with the relationship between competition and pluralism issues but generally try to avoid it. Some competition authorities believe that promoting competition in itself promotes pluralism so nothing else is needed from competition authorities. Some contributions note, however, that competition authorities are criticised for ...
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 147-170
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 147-170
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The objective of this article is to reassess the validity of the consumer confidence (or sentiment) indices in anticipating the evolution of economic activity by considering a fairly high number of countries across the world (i.e. France, Germany, Italy, UK, USA, Japan, Canada and Australia) over a period of about thirty years, from the beginning of the seventies till the end of 2002 (quarterly data). To our knowledge this is the first attempt to analyse the consumer confidence index for several countries over such a long period of time. We model the CSIoutput relationship in a cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) framework, by considering a common set of variables for all countries. Our findings suggest that: (a) what appears to be the main driving forces of consumer confidence cannot be simply summarised on the basis of ...
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 85-120
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 85-120
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Over the next decades, OECD countries will experience a significant ageing of their populations. Changes in the age structure of populations affect the economy’s saving behaviour, including the level of saving and the choices of saving vehicles. During the 1990s, financial markets in general and equity markets in particular may have benefited from large inflows into pension funds and other institutionalised forms of saving. These inflows reflected to a considerable extent saving for retirement by baby boom generations. These baby boom generations are expected to start to move into retirement after 2010. Almost as a natural corollary to the developments during the 1990s, some observers have argued that when baby boomers start entering retirement they will become net sellers of financial assets to finance retirement consumption...
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 19-26
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Autonomie institutionnelle ou tutelle gouvernementale ? La nouvelle loi sur les universités en Autriche
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 19-26
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: Following prolonged discussion, the Austrian government has passed a new University Act which will provide universities with a semiautonomous status. The reform is the most incisive change of the university system for the past 150 years and has been preceded by an equally momentous change in the status of the teaching faculty and staff, all future appointments no longer providing civil servant status any more. Major points in discussions between the Rectors Conference, the organizations representing the professoriate and staff, and the Ministry have been the balance of power between the institutions, representatives from outside, and the Ministry, as well as the amount of control to be exercised by the Ministry. In the view of the institutions, the legislation is heavily weighted towards the latter leaving too little room for initiatives from the faculties and participation in the central steering groups....
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  • 28
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 149-227
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Danemark
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 149-227
    Keywords: Development ; Denmark
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Luxembourg and Portugal for the Peer Review on 22 May 2003. The principal issues covered were the maintaining of Danish development co-operation leadership, the further untying of aid, holding the line on Danish ODA funding levels, maintaining a strategic geographic and sector focus, broadening Danish capacity in support of policy coherence, empowering the field missions and finding operational approaches to results-based management. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 41-48
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 11 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicateurs de performance : À qui faut-il rendre des comptes?
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 41-48
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In this paper the author examines the implementation of key performance indicators in Canadian post-secondary education institutions. More specifically he charts their implementation from the perspective of students and the effect they have on the quality and delivery of education. Key performance indicators (KPI) in Canada are administered by the ten provincial governments. In each of the jurisdictions in which they have been introduced KPIs have tied various forms of institutional performance to core funding and capital funding allocation.The paper offers a comparative analysis of how certain criteria are promoted by the establishment of KPIs. It examines the introduction of KPIs in three provinces: Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. In each case the complex set of politics and institutional relations at stake in the establishment of KPIs are examined. A comparative examination of each case provides signposts for best practices as well as instructive lessons in where and how quickly the very definition of accountability becomes a highly politicised term of contention. Finally, the paper makes proactive policy suggestions, from the standpoint of students, about the criteria that should be used in the establishment of KPIs. At all points the paper (re) inserts the perspective of students into the ongoing dialogue about accountability and the changing identity of higher education....
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  • 30
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 57-140
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Royaume-Uni
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 57-140
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The unusually complex competition policy institutions of the UK include a Commission that is concerned about the “public interest” in monopolies and market practices, the Director General of Fair Trading who enforces a competition law that is now modelled on European law, and many regulators who are also responsible for enforcing the same competition law in their sectors. Stronger powers under the Competition Act 1998 make enforcement more credible now, but still more changes are likely, notably concerning mergers and monopolies...
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  • 31
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The last few years have witnessed a number of large-scale disasters, both man-made, such as the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and natural, such as the tropical storm Allison in 2001 in the US, the extensive flooding in large parts of Europe in summer 2002, the May 2003 earthquake in Algeria or the appearance of previously unknown infectious diseases. Both the frequency of such disasters and the magnitude of losses involved have tended to increase. This evolution brought home to OECD governments the realisation that risks of very large disasters or “mega-risks” have the potential for inflicting considerable damage on the vital systems and infrastructures upon which our societies and economies depend...
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-40
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficacité de l'aide et la sélectivité : Intégrer de multiples objectifs dans les décisions d'affectation de l'aide
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-40
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper reports on recent work on improving the effectiveness of aid allocations, and extends the scope of analysis beyond the aid-policy-growth-poverty linkages to include three new elements: a broader range of poverty-relevant objectives and effectiveness constraints of aid; practical experience in the application of quantitative analysis to allocations; and analytic approaches to determining shares of aid through multilateral channels and for global public goods. There is wide consensus on the main allocation criteria for effectiveness in reducing poverty through pro-poor growth: the level and incidence of poverty and the development performance of partner countries. Other variables that raise the impact of aid on growth are helping vulnerable countries adjust to shocks, debt relief and post-conflict reconstruction. Considering broader development and humanitarian objectives, aid should also be allocated to prevent violent conflict and to improve governance and social conditions in “difficult partnerships”. In addition, global public goods are severely under-funded, and there is some evidence of under-funding of multilateral programmes...
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  • 33
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 93-108
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 93-108
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Methods for continuously monitoring business cycles are compared. A turn in a leading index can be used to predict a turn in the business cycle. Three likelihood based methods for turning point detection are compared in detail by using the theory of statistical surveillance and by simulations. One of the methods is a parametric likelihood ratio method. Another includes a non-parametric estimation procedure. The third is based on a Hidden Markov Model. Evaluations are made of several features such as knowledge of shape and parameters of the curve, types and probabilities of transitions and smoothing. Results on the expected delay time [of](to) a correct alarm and the predictive value of an alarm are discussed...
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 83-99
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La corruption dans l'enseignement supérieur : Enseignements tirés de la situation dans des États de l'ex-Union soviétique
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 83-99
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many observers have noted that corruption in higher education is widespread in the states of the former Soviet Union. Little empirical evidence is available, however. This article examines some theoretical approaches to the study of corruption, and presents empirical data on corruption in higher education from Russia and Azerbaijan, collected by the authors, in the light of these theoretical positions. While both states examined here have a common political heritage, higher education corruption appears to be of a diverging character in the two states. We suggest that social capital offers a helpful theory in understanding the varying levels of corruption encountered in the two states. Social capital theory also perhaps suggests that significant reductions in the extent of corruption will not be achieved by purely technical means (such as changes in organisational arrangements), but require a broader approach to achieve a strengthened civil society....
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  • 35
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 107-152
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Régimes des marchés publics à l'échelle internationale et possibilités d'intégration de facteurs environnementaux dans les achats publics
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 107-152
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Through adherence to regional trade agreements, membership in common market areas, and other international treaties, OECD member country governments have agreed to subject their public procurement procedures to a certain degree of international regulation. This paper will review the importance of legal constraints that...
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  • 36
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 71-92
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 71-92
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In this paper, we develop a likelihood approach for quantification of qualitative survey data on expectations and perceptions and we propose a new test for expectation consistency (unbiasedness). Our quantification scheme differs from existing methods primarily by using prior information (perhaps derived from economic theory or well established empirical relations) on the underlying process driving the variable of interest. To investigate the properties of our novel quantification scheme and to analyze the size and power properties of the new expectation consistency test, we perform Monte Carlo simulation studies. Overall, the simulation results are very encouraging and show that efficiency gains from including prior information can be substantial relative to existing quantification schemes. Finally, we provide an empirical illustration...
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 119-140
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développer une activité de recherche : Les défis qui attendent les retardataires et les nouveaux venus
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 119-140
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, governments, policy makers and university managers are examining the future of higher education and questioning the role of educational research. These discussions are taking place against the backdrop that knowledge production and the contribution of higher education to the economy and the prestige and standing of nations is rapidly transforming the once benign higher education system into a competitive market place. Moreover, many governments believe the existing system of funding and/or organisation is no longer sustainable. Should research funding be spread equitably across many institutions or should only a few concentrate on research and the rest focus on teaching and training? If massification was a major force on higher education in OECD countries in the latter half of the 20th century, then competition driven in part by institutional research capacity is playing a similar role in the early 21st century. These forces are influencing in a very directive way how individual institutions are organising and managing themselves. This article looks at the specific challenges faced by new and emerging higher education institutions of growing research from a “fragile base”. In the process, their experiences raise wider questions for both higher education institutions and governments...
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  • 38
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 51-108
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les femmes sur le marché du travail : Évidence empirique sur le rôle des politiques économiques et autres déterminants dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 51-108
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of female labour force participation in OECD countries. The econometric analysis uses a panel data set covering 17 OECD countries over the period 1985-1999, and distinguishes between part-time and full-time female participation rates. It shows a positive impact on female participation of a more neutral tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leave. On the other hand, child benefits reduce female participation due to an income effect and their lump-sum character. Female education, the general labour market conditions, and cultural attitudes remain major determinants of female participation. Simulations illustrate the potentially significant impact that some of the examined policies could exert on female participation ...
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  • 39
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 41-71
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Forum des partenaires au développement organisé par le CAD : Pour une gestion axée sur les résultats du développement et l'efficacité de l'aide
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 41-71
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This part of the publication contains the report on the DAC Development Partnership Forum “Managing for Development Results and Aid Effectiveness” (Paris, 11-12 December 2002). The purpose of the Forum was to bring together donors and partners to discuss experience in results-oriented reforms. The report focuses on the implications of the results agenda on public sector management, measurement and reporting issues, public accountability and Donor/Partner co-ordination...
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 193-225
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 193-225
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The intricate issue of detecting and forecasting macroeconomic cycles turning points has been once more perfectly illustrated with the global downturn experienced by most countries around the world in 2000-2001. Governments and Central Banks are very sensitive to economic indicators showing signs of deterioration in order to adjust their policies sufficiently in advance to avoid further deterioration or even a recession. These indicators require at least two qualities: they must be reliable and they must provide a readable signal as soon as possible. In this paper, we discuss ...
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 177-266
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 91 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Irlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 177-266
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Belgium and Switzerland for the Peer Review on 17 November 2003. The principal issues covered were: building public ownership of Ireland's official development co-operation programme; providing a predictable growth path for the expansion in ODA required so as to reach an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% by 2007; planning now to manage a USD 1 billion ODA programme; remaining vigilant regarding human resource issues within Development Co-operation Ireland; maintaining a cautious approach to designating new programme countries; continuing to promote more strategic approaches by NGO partners; and enhancing Ireland's contribution to addressing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 109-161
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer le rapport coût-efficacité des dépenses publiques : L'expérience des pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 109-161
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. Based on detailed country reviews for over two-thirds of OECD countries, this paper identifies three main areas for action: the budget process; management practices; and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
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  • 43
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 101-118
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Élargir l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur au Royaume-Uni : La méthode géographique en question
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 101-118
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper examines the development of policies designed to widen access to higher education policy in the United Kingdom. These policies have evolved in the context of the devolution of political authority to the Scottish Parliament and Assemblies in Wales and Northern Ireland, which has resulted in some policy variation. The paper examines the “post-code premium” paid by the funding authorities to universities based on the students from poorer areas. By using Northern Ireland data the paper demonstrates the major problems to this approach arising from the “ecological fallacy”. The paper concludes by expressing surprise that policy developed with little apparent awareness of these problems....
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 7-108
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 100 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prévention des abus sur le marché et promotion de l'efficacité économique et de la croissance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 7-108
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Effective competition law and policy are critical to achieving greater levels of economic efficiency, growth, employment and living standards. Pro-competitive reform and sound competition law enforcement have delivered dramatic price reductions, a proliferation of new products, superior quality and service and enhanced innovation wherever they have been embraced. Perhaps more importantly, they have strong links with key pillars of economic growth and development such as investment, governance, the cultivation of an entrepreneurial class, privatisation and trade. Achieving a better appreciation and understanding of these benefits and links is essential to making continued progress in removing ...
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  • 45
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 13-41
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 13-41
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses survey data in order to analyse and assess the empirical properties of consumers’ inflation expectations in the euro area and explores their role in explaining the observed dynamics of inflation. The probability approach is used to derive quantitative estimates of euro area inflation expectations from the qualitative data from the European Commission’s Consumer Survey. The paper subsequently analyses the empirical properties of the estimated inflation expectations by considering the extent to which they fulfil some of the necessary conditions for rationality. The results suggest an intermediate form of rationality. In particular, the surveyed expectations are an unbiased predictor of future price developments and they incorporate – though not always completely – the information contained in a broad set of macroeconomic variables. In addition, although persistent deviations between consumers’ expectations and the rational outcome have occurred, consumers are shown to rationally adjust their expectations in order to eventually “weed out” any systematic expectational errors...
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  • 46
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The past few years were characterised by an economic downturn, a substantial stock market correction from March 2000 to March 2003, financial asset deterioration, record corporate default rates, the Argentina sovereign default and several natural and man-made catastrophes, including most notably the September 11 attacks. Against this background, the present note looks at the performance of financial groups during this period. The recent decade has seen the formation of an increasing number of such groups, although some have argued that, ex post, the benefits associated with the formation of such groups may have been smaller than initially thought. The note concludes that financial groups have been quite resilient in the face of these various shocks, which is reflected in their equity market valuations...
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  • 47
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 7-55
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions touchant les échanges et la concurrence dans le contexte international
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 7-55
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The complex relationship between trade policy and competition policy has been under study in the OECD for many years. In response to the Doha Declaration by WTO Ministers (November 2001), the OECD intensified its efforts, focussing on the topics suggested in Paragraphs 23-25 of the Declaration, i) core principles of non-discrimination, transparency and procedural fairness; ii) effective action against hard core cartels; iii) special and differential treatment/flexibility and progressivity; iv) voluntary co-operation in competition law; v) peer review and other possible compliance mechanisms: vi) capacity building and progressive reinforcement of competition institutions. This paper presents a synthesis of the work that has been done on each of these topics by the OECD Joint Group on Trade and Competition and the Competition Committee. It was discussed on the occasion of the Joint Global Forum on Trade and Competition in May 2003, which brought together participants from over 70 economies, international organisations and non-governmental organisations to dialogue and moved forward the debate. The proceedings of the Forum have been published...
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  • 48
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    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 133-198
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 133-198
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: A reoccurring motif in pension literature and policy is the search for “benefit security” – that is, assurance to members of a pension regime that, at the end of the working career, they will get some reasonably predictable outcome, either as a pension (benefit stream) or a lump sum. The purpose of this note is to present a simple “thought experiment” to explore this matter and how market mechanisms might be brought more to bear...
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  • 49
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    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 171-191
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 21 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 171-191
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In an important paper, Diebold and Rudebusch (1991) find that, despite good performance for post revision historical versions, the U.S. Index of Leading Economic Indicators (LEI) fails to improve forecasts in real time out-of-sample tests. This paper revisits the issue of real-time performance of the LEI using growth rate forecast specifications. We contrast real-time out-of-sample tests of LEI forecasts using „composition-changing” or „as-published” versions of the LEI with those based on „composition-constant” indexes. The goal is ...
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  • 50
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 43-69
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 43-69
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Interest rates play a key role in free market economies. According to the Taylor rule, shortterm interest rates depend on deviations of the current inflation rate from a normative value and of the output gap. Given the difficulty of observing the output gap, we postulate that alternative indicators of pressure on capacity should be monitored, especially those obtained from business surveys. Primarily, our work compares those empirically observed capacity utilization figures (CU) with the difference between actual and potential GDP, and tries to assess monetary policy on the basis of these indicators. The analysis of monetary policy is done in the first case by using a simple single equation framework and in a next step by using a more advanced vector autoregressive model. Given the fact that the survey measure of output gap captures only manufacturing and thus omits the important service sector which has a high share in value added we constructed a more comprehensive measure of capacity utilization (CU*). The new indicator is based on CU in manufacturing industry and on the confidence indicator for services...
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  • 51
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    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 109-173
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence, subventions et aides d'État
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 109-173
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Many sectors of OECD economies are strongly influenced by government policies, which provide financial support, assistance or aid to individual firms in an industry. Subsidies like regulations maybe either beneficial or harmful, either promoting welfare or distorting competition, depending on the circumstances. A roundtable discussion held in the Competition Committee in February 2001 focused on subsidies which arise whenever an enterprise or a consumer receives a benefit whose cost is wholly or partly, directly or indirectly, paid by the state. The roundtable discussed notably the different forms of control, and how they distinguish legitimate from illegitimate subsidies; it explored as well the nature of these controls, and in particular to what extent they are part of a broader system of ...
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  • 52
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 185-200
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une harmonisation des estimations de l'investissement en logiciels
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 185-200
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The latest system of national accounts (SNA93) recommended that purchases of software (and any ownaccount production) should be treated as investment as long as the acquisition satisfied conventional asset requirements. This change added about 1 per cent to GDP in most OECD economies in the mid-1990s. However, the range of the revision has been significantly different across countries, leading many observers to question the comparability of these statistics. An OECD task force has formulated a set of recommendations describing a harmonised method for estimating software and this paper provides estimates of changes to GDP levels and growth that might be expected if the OECD recommendations were applied. Estimates of changes are also presented using an alternative harmonised method. Whichever harmonised method is applied, the impact on GDP levels is likely to be significant, and in some countries about 1 per cent of GDP ...
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  • 53
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 41-69
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement de la R-D publique : Évolution et tendances
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 41-69
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This paper describes trends and practices in the funding of public research and development (R&D). It is based on a study which was carried out by the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. The study dealt with several aspects of the governance of public research such as the structures of science systems, priority setting issues, funding and the management of human resources.The paper provides a picture of...
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  • 54
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 27-39
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Incitations et changements institutionnels dans l'enseignement supérieur
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 27-39
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Educational systems worldwide still continue to rely heavily on public sources of funding. Nearly 80% of the expenditure on higher education comes from public sources in OECD countries; the share is even larger in developing countries. There is a concerted effort in many countries to reduce the reliance on state funding and move towards market-friendly reforms. This involves adjustment in the macro-policy framework to induce change at the institutional level. Institutional changes could be brought about either by relying on “mandates” or on “rewards”. Mandates demand a particular form of institutional behaviour that is accompanied by the threat of punishment for a failure to comply. Rewards, on the other hand, provide incentive and motivation to change. Both rewards and incentives become effective when public policy provides a choice in behavioural changes at the institutional level. The motivation for a change of behaviour will depend on the level of performance that conditions a reward on the one hand and on the expectation for obtaining a reward, on completion of the task, on the other. In general, mandates are more easily complied with when institutions are struggling to survive, whereas incentives and rewards are preferable when institutions are striving to revive and grow. Incentives and reward systems are relied upon in many countries to induce changes in higher education. This paper will focus on the potential of effecting institutional changes through incentives...
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  • 55
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 73-148
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fondations philanthropiques et coopération pour le développement
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 73-148
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Philanthropic foundations have made important contributions to development, particularly in agriculture, family planning and infectious diseases control. The most effective interventions have been long-term investments that were based on vision and sound scientific understanding, and were well integrated with local capacities. Foundations’ total expenditure on developmental activities is now about $3 billion annually, mostly from large U.S. foundations. Foundations are increasingly involved in public-private partnerships whose activities range from crop and disease research to improving insfrastructure, especially water supply. They have also evolved innovative approaches to building democratic life in developing countries. Better information exchange with official aid agencies and appropriate fiscal encouragement of their activity can help maximise foundations’ future development contributions...
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  • 56
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 7-60
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 7-60
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Background; Equity markets; Bond markets and interest rates; Foreign exchange markets; Emerging economies; Enlargement of the European Union...
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  • 57
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 71-105
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les achats publics plus écologiques en tant qu'instrument de la politique environnementale
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 71-105
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Governments increasingly include environmental criteria in their purchasing decisions. For example, purchasing guidelines often require that particular products contain a minimum amount of recycled content or achieve specified levels of energy efficiency. Guidelines may also favour – through price preferences, explicit set-asides, or other mechanisms – suppliers who exceed official pollution standards, abide by environmental frameworks...
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  • 58
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-69
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique et droit de la concurrence en Afrique du Sud
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-69
    Keywords: Governance ; South Africa
    Abstract: One of the elements of South Africa’s peaceful revolution over the last decade was reform of its competition policy institutions. The previous system had supported the previous economic system, characterised by autarky, protection, government direction, and high concentration. The new system promised to use competition policy to correct the faults of the old system and to promote policy goals of employment and empowerment. South Africa aspires to a modern competition policy regime, to deal with the well-resourced sophistication of much of the South African economy. Its new institutions, whose novelty responds in large part to the post-1994 imperative for fundamental restructuring of government institutions, have shown a capacity to deal confidently with complex structural issues in deciding dozens of merger cases. A legalistic business and government culture has challenged these new bodies to prove their competence and tested their jurisdiction. Now that the merger review process has been established, more attention should be paid to non-merger matters and probably to advocacy as well. Resources are stretched, and there is a critical need to improve the depth and strengthen the capacity of the professional staff. Maintaining consistent competition policy in regulated sectors will requiring reinforcing the relationships with sectoral regulators ...
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  • 59
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 109-131
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 109-131
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The Swiss Institute for Business Cycle Research regularly conducts business tendency surveys (BTS) amongst manufacturing firms. The information thus generated is available with a publication lead to the official Swiss sales, production, order and inventory statistics. It is shown that the survey data can be used to generate reasonably precise estimates of the reference series with leads of at least one quarter. Specifically, cross-correlations of quarterly series are computed to screen the data for pairs of highly correlated business tendency survey series and corresponding official statistics. All pairs are identified where the maximum correlation shows up simultaneously or with a lead of the survey based series and exceeds a given threshold...
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  • 60
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 175-290
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 117 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des réformes sectorielles au Royaume-Uni : Énergie et professions libérales
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 175-290
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report analyses the institutional set up and use of policy instruments to regulate the gas and electricity sectors and the liberal professions in the United Kingdom. In the energy sector, the pace and scope of reform have been, and is prospectively, very rapid. However, there are still some tensions between the energy regulator and the competition authority, and some specific energy regulatory issues arise from the extension of market frameworks into areas previously controlled by traditional natural monopoly regulation. Also the interface of energy market regulation and social and environmental issues appears partly blurred. The report focuses as well on Professions, a significant component of the services sector, which is thriving in the UK. It discusses the process and outcomes from the recent extension of the UK competition law to cover professions, which ...
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 229-301
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 74 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Finlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 229-301
    Keywords: Development ; Finland
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Denmark and New Zealand for the review on 17 June 2003. The principal issues covered were explicit attention to poverty reduction, predictable growth to an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% by 2010, a strategy for increased multilateral aid, a clear position on policy coherence for development and increased staff capacity in embassies in partner countries. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
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  • 62
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 95-107
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Incitations et transparence : Le contexte canadien
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 95-107
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Since 1997, the Canadian federal government has introduced a variety of new incentives to enhance significantly the funding of university research in this country. While these funding initiatives have been welcomed by Canadian universities, they are accompanied by a heightened emphasis on accountability which dictates new eligibility conditions for universities’ access to these funds. Given that research and innovation have become more central and significant spending categories for the federal public purse, universities in Canada are increasingly subject to public scrutiny, due to concerns for public accountability and safety. The new programs often involve more strategic central co-ordination and consequently require that the university administration, and not just faculty, justify funding requests. Universities are also expected to demonstrate compliance with a growing array of federally codified guidelines and regulations. These federal expectations of accountability are multiplying as both the investment in research and the different types of funding ...
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  • 63
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 31-61
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologies de l'information et de la communication : Un outil performant qui ouvre des perspectives à l'apprentissage
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 31-61
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In this article, we focus on the implementation and development of ICT in the education sector, challenging and developing the traditional learning environment whilst introducing new educational tools including e-learning. The paper investigates ICT as a tool empowering and developing learners lifelong learning opportunities. It defines a model of ICT development and identifies three core development stages through which basic skills, ICT skills, and lifelong learning skills are acquired. The paper further gives a description of the ICT impact on labour and education markets, the current state of development of ICT at school in EU and the needs for further investment in this area. The findings of this paper suggest that such investment is likely to have positive effects when geared towards blended learning approaches built on comprehensive policy ...
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  • 64
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Following the end of the “Cold War”, the OECD has, since the early 1990s, been conducting “Outreach” activities (i.e. cooperation including technical assistance activities with non-Member economies), first with the Central and Eastern European countries in transition and now extending to many economies especially in Asia...
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  • 65
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 9-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Incitations et transparence : Les instruments du changement dans l'enseignement supérieur
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 9-18
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Thank you for inviting me to make some concluding remarks at this important conference. My brief is to reflect on the themes of the conference and to bring forth insights of how these ideas play out in different settings. In his instructions to me Richard Yelland, Head of Programme, added that after two days of concentrated discussions on the challenges facing the managers and leaders of higher education institutions, participants would be looking forward to a provocative address on incentives and accountability in higher education...
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  • 66
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 163-184
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mesure des stocks de capital, des services du capital et de la productivité multifactorielle
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 163-184
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Capital services measures have long been recognised as the appropriate concept to capture capital input in production and productivity analysis. However, only few countries’ statistical agencies construct and publish such capital services measures. This paper describes capital services measures developed by OECD and presents estimation methods and results for the G7 countries. By way of example, the consequences of applying capital services measures instead of measures of gross or net capital stocks in the computation of rates of multi-factor productivity growth are examined for three countries, the United States, France and Australia ...
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  • 67
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 49-64
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Universalité ou spécialisation ?
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 49-64
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Trade globalisation is beginning to affect universities worldwide. In response to this outside pressure, institutions have become more geared to gaining international repute through research than to maintaining their reputation at home for the quality of their teaching. As a result of this focus on research, French universities, for example, are losing ground to other kinds of higher education institutions. One of the main reasons is that research encourages specialisation, whereas the market increasingly requires multi-disciplinary and cross-cutting skills. In order to explore how society’s contradictory demands can be met, two opposing models will be presented, one that seeks to preserve the universalist role of universities and another that would prompt higher education institutions to become increasingly specialised in pursuit of research excellence. Between these two extremes, there is perhaps a middle way that is difficult to follow, but that is exceptionally enriching for the university community, provided that university management is rethought. The primary mistake that can be made in any process of change is to seek to merge the role of individuals with that of institutions. Although universities can continue to pull together all the various threads that contribute to economic development, individuals cannot be expected to have the same multi-faceted profile. This means that the quality of tomorrow’s universities will depend on the quality of interpersonal relationships and how they are managed....
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  • 68
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264018617
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Handbook of Market Creation for Biodiversity : Issues in Implementation
    DDC: 333.95/16
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Biodiversität ; Ökosystem ; Artenreichtum ; Erhaltung ; Monetäre Bewertung ; Marktwirtschaft ; Marktentwicklung ; Förderung
    Abstract: The loss of biodiversity affects us in many ways. For some of us, its loss is felt in the same way that we regret the destruction of a great work of art -- it may not affect us directly, but the indirect impact is strong. For others, its loss is felt in changes in lifestyles and livelihoods -- the measurable costs are high
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Conceptual Framework: an Economic Approach; Chapter 3. Supporting Institutions - Property Rights; Chapter 4. Economic Value of Biodiversity; Chapter 5. Direct Role for Policy-makers: Incentives; Chapter 6. Policies Facilitating Market Creators; Chapter 7. Policy Mixes for Biodiversity; Chapter 8. Implementation of Market Creation: Summary;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 69
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développement des compétences dans le domaine de l'énergie nucléaire
    DDC: 621.48071
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: At a time when government R&D funding for nuclear energy has been dramatically reduced and profit margins of electricity generators have been squeezed, this report presents the result of an international survey on recent initiatives in the area of nuclear education and training. It dicusses key human resource issues and good practice for international collaboration, which are seen as ameliorating the decline of technical innovation and competence in the nuclear sector. The report includes an executive summary along with conclusions and recommendations aimed at policy makers and other stakeholders. It also contains in-depth analysis of the factual information collected.
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  • 70
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 p.)
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Print version Rural Finance and Credit Infrastructure in China
    DDC: 332.7
    Keywords: Electronic books ; China ; Ländlicher Raum ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Kreditwesen
    Abstract: China's rural economy has made enormous progress over the last twenty-five years. But rural finance and institutional reforms are still lagging behind, thus creating the risk of slowing down further rural development.  In October 2003, the OECD, together with the Chinese Government, invited industry experts to take stock of the achievements China has made in agricultural finance and credit infrastructure
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Foreward; Contents; The creation of a favourable environment for investment in rural China; Institutianl isses and prerequisites for effcient saveings mobilization and allocation in rural and lesser developed regions in China; The System of Chinese rural financial organisations; Financial system and financial regulatory policies in China and their impact on rural finance reform; The difficulties and policy reform in China's rural finance; Development of sustainable credit co-operatives in China; Rural banking in emerging Asian markets
    Description / Table of Contents: The regulatory framework for rural credit co-operativesFrom old to new roles of government in establishing sound rural financial institutions; Economic and financial transformation of rural China and diversificaution of rural financial institutions; Challenges in government facilitated crop insurance; Pre-conditions for successful contract famring and other trade/credit arrangements between agribusiness and farmers; Innovations in micro-finance in South-East Asia; Vertical contracting and farm finiance; Active information financing in rural China
    Description / Table of Contents: Micro-Finance, poverty alleviation and financial reform in ChinaAttempt to implement mico-finance in rural China; Rural finance and micro-finace development in transition countries in South-East and East Asia; Annex;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 71
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (193 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Tradeable Permits : Policy Evaluation, Design and Reform
    DDC: 338.91/172/4
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Umweltzertifikathandel ; Evaluation
    Abstract: Tradeable Permits: Policy Evaluation, Design and Reform The search for cost-effective environmental policy measures in OECD countries has led to an increase in the use of tradeable permit systems. After many years of experimenting in a limited number of countries, tradable permits in environmental policy can now offer effective solutions
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; TABLE OF CONTENTS; Chapter 1. EX POST EVALUATION OF TRADEABLE PERMITS; Chapter 2. EX-POST EVALUATION OF THE RECLAIM EMISSIONS TRADING PROGRAMMES FOR THE LOS ANGELES AIR BASIN; Chapter 3. THE US SO2 CAP-AND-TRADE PROGRAMME; Chapter 4. THE DUTCH NUTRIENT QUOTA SYSTEM; Chapter 5. EVALUATING THE NEW ZEALAND INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTA MARKET FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; Chapter 6. LEARNING FROM THE MARKET; Chapter 7. COMPENSATING FOR THE IMPACTS OF WETLANDS FILL; Chapter 8. THE MANAGEMENT OF EX POST PUBLIC POLICY EVALUATIONS;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 72
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (185 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Communicating Environmentally Sustainable Transport : The Role of Soft Measures
    DDC: 363.728
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Verkehrspolitik ; Individualverkehr ; Öffentlicher Verkehr ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Maßnahme
    Abstract: Progress towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) will require widespread acceptance of the need for EST, and a mix of measures designed to achieve the necessary changes to overcome the barriers to EST. Some of the measures will be hard measures, which include taxes, emission standards, speed limits, and other fiscal and regulatory instruments
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; Overview; Session 1 Opening session; Session 2 Present transport behaviour and what maintains it; Session 3 Roles of soft measures in changing transport and other behaviour; Session 4 How soft measures could be used to achieve EST; Session 5 Special focus on the media advertising and marketing; Session 6 Developing advice for policymakers on the use of soft measures; Appendix 1 Issues Paper Soft Measures and Transport Behaviour;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 73
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Trade and Migration : Building Bridges for Global Labour Mobility
    DDC: 331.127
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; GATS ; Außenhandel ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Arbeitnehmer ; Migration
    Abstract: Expectations are running high for significant outcomes on the temporary movement of natural persons to supply services - known as mode 4 - in the current WTO services negotiations. Powerful drivers for liberalisation exist, such as increased trade and investment, strengthened global business networks, shortage of skills in developed countries, and increasing export capacity in skilled labour in developing countries
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Acronyms; Executive Summary; Report of the Seminar; What is the Relationship between Trade and Migration; Managing Movement; Prospects for the GATS Negotiations for Managing Movement; Annex I 1 Agenda of the OECD World Bank IOM Seminar on Trade and Migration; Chapter 1 The Reality of Temporary Labour and Mode 4 Movement; Chapter 2 Managing the Impact of Temporary Foreign Workerson Countries of Origin and Destination; Chapter 3 Facilitating Access under the GATS; Chapter 4 Conclusion Where Next; Annex A A Quick Guide to the GATS and Mode 4
    Description / Table of Contents: Annex A 1 MFN Exemptions Affecting Movement of Natural PersonsAnnex A 2 Negotiating Guidelines; Annex B Measuring Mode 4;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 74
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (333 p.)
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Print version Towards High-Performing Health Systems : Policy Studies
    DDC: 362.1/094
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: This volume contains a selection of the health policy research and analytic studies constituting the OECD Health Project. These policy studies, along with other volumes, serve as the main source material for the synthesis report of the Project, Towards High-Performing Health Systems
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Preface; Introduction; Chapter 1. Health-System Reform: Lessons from Experience; Chapter 2. Monitoring and Improving the Technical Quality of Medical Care: A New Challenge for Policy Makers in OECD Countries; Chapter 3. Income-related Inequality in the Use of Medical Care in 21 OECD Countries; Chapter 4. Matching Supply with Demand for the Services of Physicians and Nurses; Chapter 5. Tackling Excessive Waiting Times for Elective Surgery; Chapter 6. Private Health Insurance in OECD Countries: The Benefits and Costs for Individuals and Health Systems
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 7. Ageing-related Spending Projections on Health and Long-term Care
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 75
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108776
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Series Statement: Biological Resource Management in Agriculture
    Parallel Title: Print version Challenges and Risks of Genetically Engineered Organisms
    DDC: 631.5
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus ; Lebensmittel ; Risikomanagement ; Gentechnologie ; Recht ; Europäische Union ; Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus ; Risiko ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: What are the risks and opportunities associated with genetically engineered organisms in terms of the environment, food safety, and economic and trade issues?The various and often diverging answers to this question were discussed at the workshop on Challenges and Risks of GMOs - What Risk Analysis is Appropriate? Options for Future Policy Making Towards Integrated Agro-Food Systems, held in Maastricht, Netherlands 16-18 July 2003
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; PREFACE; CONTENTS; SESSION 1 Introduction; SESSION 2 The Multinational Dimension Existing Legal Framework; SESSION 3 Risk Analysis in Different Countries; SESSION 4 Lessons Learned and Remaining Challenges; SESSION 5 The Various Stakeholders Positions; SESSION 6 General Discussion; Annex 1 List of Participants; Annex 2 Organising Committee;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105553
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (570 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Biomass and Agriculture : Sustainability, Markets and Policies
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Bioenergieerzeugung ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wien
    Abstract: The 21st century could see the switch from the fossil fuel to the biological based economy. Agriculture could be rejuvenated as a source of bioenergy and biomaterials, as well as providing food and fibres. The relative costs of fossil fuels and agricultural biomass will clearly play a key role
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; CONTENTS; Executive Summary; 1. Economic Dimension; 2. Environmental Dimension; 3. Social Dimension; Europe; North America; Other OECD Countries;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264017207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: China in the Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Print version Income Disparities in China : An OECD Perspective
    DDC: 339.22
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; China ; Einkommensdisparität ; Einkommensverteilung ; Ungleichheit ; Mitgliedsstaaten
    Abstract: China has experienced spectacular economic growth since 1978, averaging 8 to 9% per year. As a result, on average, people's standard of living is far higher than ever before in China's history. However, economic disparities have also widened very significantly during this period, raising questions about the appropriateness and sustainability of existing policies
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; Chapter 1. The Evolution of Income Distribution Disparities in China since the Reform and Opening up; Chapter 2. Income Disparities in China A Review of Chinese Studies; Chapter 3. Disparities between Urban and Rural Areas and among Different Regions in China; Chapter 4. The Urban and Rural Poor in China and their Income earning Potential; Chapter 5. Analysis of Income Distribution in China's Poverty-stricken Counties: A Case Study of the Qinglong County of Hebei Province; Chapter 6. Income Disparities in Post-Reform China: A Review of the International Literature
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 7. Apparent Sources of Income Inequality in China or Plausible and Less Plausible Interpretations of Imperfect DataChapter 8. Trends in the Distribution of Household Incomes in the OECD Area; Chapter 9. Comments on Chapter 8, "Trends in the Distribution of Household Incomes in the OECD Area; Chapter 10. Earnings Disparities in OECD Member Countries: Structural Trends and Institutional Influences; Chapter 11 Measuring Regional Economies in OECD Countries; Chapter 12. The Distribution of Household Income in Different Regions of the European Union; Glossary; List of Participants;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015265
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (354 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Patents, Innovation and Economic Performance : OECD Conference Proceedings
    DDC: 338/.064
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Patent ; Diffusion ; Innovationsförderung ; Immaterialgüterrecht
    Abstract: Innovation increases companies' competitive advantage and spurs nations' economic growth. Businesses and public research organisations now patent more inventions than they did just a few years ago, and the number of patents filed in Europe, Japan and the United States increased by more than half over the past decade
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1. International Patenting and the European Patent Office; Chapter 2. Japan's Patent System and Business Innovation; Chapter 3. Scope and Nature of the Patent Surge; Chapter 4. Understanding Business Patenting and Licensing; Chapter 5. Improving Patent Quality; Chapter 6. How Do Third-Party Patents Foster Innovation?; Chapter 7. Overview of Recent Changes and Comparison of Patent Regimes in the; Chapter 8. Recent Changes and Expected Developments in Patent Regimes; Chapter 9. Enabling Innovation, Encouraging Investment
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 10. Technology LicensingChapter 11. Comments on Patents, Entrepreneurship and Technology Diffusion; Chapter 12. Through the Lens of Intangibles; Chapter 13. Intellectual Property in Services; Chapter 14. The Software Patent Experiment; Chapter 15. The Use of Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks in Software; Chapter 16. Why are Software Patents So Trivial?; Chapter 17. The Role of IPR for the Software Industry: A Changing Landscape?; Chapter 18. Intellectual Property Strategy in Japan: Towards an IP-based Nation; Chapter 19. The Patent System: Current and Future Policy Challenges
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 20. The Patent SystemChapter 21. Patents and the Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries; Chapter 22. A Multilateral View of Change in the Patent System; Conference Agenda;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108714
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Trade and Competitiveness in Argentina, Brazil and Chile : Not as Easy as A-B-C
    DDC: 378.98
    Keywords: Competition ; Competition ; Competition ; Argentina Commerce ; Brazil Commerce ; Chile Commerce ; Argentinien ; Realer Wechselkurs ; Außenhandel ; Direktinvestition ; Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ; Brasilien ; Chile ; Agrarproduktion ; Argentinien ; Agrarhandel ; Internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ; Brasilien ; Chile
    Abstract: The development of the tradeable sector is a permanent concern for policy makers in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The weak performance of the tradeable sector has been cited as one of the causes of mixed growth performance in South America during the 1990s as crises in the region have been associated with a pronounced imbalance of the contributions of the tradeable and the non-tradeable sectors to growth
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Contents; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; 1 THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES ON REAL EXCHANGE RATES IN SOUTH AMERICA 1990 2002; 2 HOW MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND TRADE BARRIERS SHAPE SPECIALISATION SOUTH AMERICA VS OECD; 3 THE DYNAMICS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND A B C COMPETITIVENESS; 4 INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE A B C AGRO FOOD SECTOR; 5 COMPETITION POLICIES AND COMPETITIVENESS A VIEW FROM THE LITERATURE AND THE CASE OF ARGENTINA; References; Annex 5 A1 Competition advocacy in the United States
    Description / Table of Contents: Annex 5.A2. Empirical findings on link between competition and economic performanceNotes;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106055
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Corporate Governance : A Survey of OECD Countries
    DDC: 338.6/0917/7
    Keywords: Electronic books ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Corporate Governance
    Abstract: Corporate scandals and failures as well as broader economic concerns have driven OECD countries to devote increased attention to corporate governance which is now recognised as a vital factor in economic growth and financial stability. Countries hardest hit by scandals have been active in policy reform initiatives, but others have also been compelled to examine their corporate governance systems for possible systemic weaknesses
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1. Policy Concerns and Driving Forces; Chapter 2. Broad Policy Choices Underlying Recent Developments; Chapter 3. Thematic Review of Developments and Emerging Issues;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264104952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (209 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Can Cars Come Clean? : Strategies for Low-Emission Vehicles
    DDC: 629.2538
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Kraftwagen ; Verkehr ; Emissionsverringerung
    Abstract: Emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles have been the focus of longstanding concerns for both governments and the public at large because of their impact on air quality and human health. More recently, emissions of greenhouse gases have been of growing concern because of their impacts on global warming
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; ABSTRACT; CONTENTS; Summary and Conclusions; Chapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 Regulated Air Pollutants; Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Chapter 4 Conditions Affecting the Widespread Use of Low Emission Vehicles; Annex A Status Report on International Regulation of Vehicle Emissions, Greenhouse and Advanced Technology Vehicles; Annex B Traditional and New Technologies; Annex C Overview of the Use of Low Emission Vehicles; Annex D Information and Incentives in OECD Countries; Annex E Hydrogen Production from Fossil Sources; List of Abbreviations
    Description / Table of Contents: Members of the OECD Working Group on Low Emission Vehicles
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (343 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Reforming Public Pensions : Sharing the Experiences of Transition and OECD Countries
    DDC: 331.2522
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Konferenzschrift 2002 ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Altersversorgung ; Reform ; Osteuropa ; Rentenreform
    Abstract: Reforms to pension policies rank high on the policy agenda in many countries. Certain reforms have already been undertaken and those proposed inevitably deal with a number of difficult challenges and potential trade-offs. These include the desirability of providing adequate replacement income and tackling problems of poverty in old age; the imbalance between time spent in work and in retirement; the appropriate mix of different forms of retirement income provisions; the labour market implications of different approaches to financing pensions; and the potential complexities of meeting short-ter
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; Introduction; 1. The Politcal Economy of Pension Reform in Central and Eastern Europe; 2. The Political Economy of Pension Reform in Lituania; 3. The Pension System in the Solck Republic at the Threshold of Reform; 4. Pension Reform in Germany; 5. The Role of the European Eunion in Pensions; 6. Reforming Pension; 7. Fairness Across Generation Requires Partial Funding; 8. Pension Reform in Lativa; 9. Pension Reform in Solvenia; 10. Financial Constraints and Policy Options; 11. The Dutch Pension System; 12. Retirement Incomes and Economic Well-Being in Central and Eastern Europe
    Description / Table of Contents: 13. Pensioner Living Standards in the Russian Federation14. The Gender Impact of Pension Reforms; 15. Pension Reform in Poland; 16. Some practical issues in the Hungarian Pension Reform; 17. The Role of Pricate Pensions in the Czech Pension Reform; 18. Contribution Evasion; Glossary; List of Authors and Participants;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264019485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Promise and Problems of E-Democracy : Challenges of Online Citizen Engagement
    DDC: 323/.042/02854678
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Demokratie ; Politische Beteiligung ; World Wide Web
    Abstract: Today, all OECD member countries recognise new information and communication technologies (ICTs) to be powerful tools for enhancing citizen engagement in public policy-making. The unprecedented degree of interactivity offered by new ICTs has the potential to expand the scope, breadth and depth of government consultations with citizens and other key stakeholders during policy-making
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of contents; Executive summary; Part I. Using Information and Communication Technologies to Enhance Citizen Engagement in the Policy Process; Part II. The Future of the Internet and Democracy Beyond Metaphors, Towards Policy;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264104891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (251 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service : OECD Guidelines and Country Experiences
    DDC: 353.46
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Mitarbeiter ; Interessenkonflikt ; Dienstleistung
    Abstract: Conflicts of interest have become a key issue in public debate world-wide. New forms of conflict between individual private interests of public officials and their public duties arise as the public sector has become increasingly commercialised and works more closely with the business and non-profit sectors
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Preface; Executive Summary; A. A growing public concern; B. Managing conflict of interest; C. Core principles for managing conflict of interest; D. Developing the policy framework; E. Implementing the policy framework; F. Recommendation of the OECD Council on Guidelines for Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service; A. Introduction; B. Scope of the OECD survey; C. Formal sources of conflict-of-interest policy; D. Managing conflict of interest: Approach and definition; E. Identifying and resolving conflicting situations
    Description / Table of Contents: F. Incompatibility: Restricting unavoidable, serious and pervasive conflictsG. The need for positive management; H. Consequences of breaching the policy; I. Putting policy into practice: Information, consultation and monitoring compliance; J. Assessing policy implementation: Procedures and driving forces; K. Emerging issues and new developments; Notes; Bibliography; A Principle-based Approach in Devolved Management: The Australian Experience; Principles and Prevention: Meeting Canadians' Expectations...; Prevention Through Updated Regulations and Sanctions: The French Experience
    Description / Table of Contents: Building a Coherent Framework at the Federal Level: The German ExperienceManaging Conflict of Interest in a Decentralised System: The New Zealand Experience; Managing Conflicts of Interest in Transition Economies: The Polish Experience; The Exclusiveness Principle in Practice: The Portuguese Experience; Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch...;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (223 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Access Pricing in Telecommunications
    DDC: 384
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Telekommunikationswirtschaft ; Telekommunikationsdienst ; Preisbildung
    Abstract: This report addresses an issue which arises in virtually every public utility industry - the regulation of access to essential facilities. The regulation of the terms and conditions under which competing firms have access to essential inputs provided by rivals has become the single biggest issue facing regulators of public utility industries
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Introduction; Chapter 1. The Theory of Access Pricing; Appendix to Chapter 1; Chapter 2. The Practice of Access Pricing in Telecommunications; Appendix to Chapter 2; Chapter 3. Measurement of the Costs of Access Services; Appendix to Chapter 3; Glossary of Terms; References;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (225 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading and Project-based Mechanisms
    DDC: 333.791505
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Treibhausgas ; Umweltzertifikathandel ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions trading and project-based mechanisms for greenhouse gas reduction are emerging market-based instruments for climate change policy. They are also increasingly viewed as cost-effective, flexible and environmentally efficient instruments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; TABLE OF CONTENTS; INTRODUCTION; Implementing SO2 Emissions Trading in China; The State of Development of National Clean Development Mechanism Offices in Central and South America; Establishing a National Authority for the Clean Development Mechanism; Implementing Kyoto-Type Flexibility Mechanisms for India: Problems and Prospects; Choosing Environmental Policy Instruments in the Real World; Building Institutions to Address Air Pollution in Developing Countries; Harmonisation between National and International Tradeable Permit Schemes
    Description / Table of Contents: Efficient and Effective Use of Tradeable Permits in Combination with Other PolicyTurning an Early Start into a False Start; On Carbon Prices and Volumes in the Evolving 'Kyoto Market'; Political Economy of Tradeable Permits; Monitoring, Accounting and Enforcement in Emissions Trading Regimes; Experience with Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading and Project-Based Mechanisms in OECD and Non-OECD Countries;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Keeping Children Safe in Traffic
    DDC: 363.12/5/083
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Kind ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Maßnahme
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, road-related crashes are the number one killer of children under the age of 15. Tragically, one child out of every 2100 will die before their fifteenth birthday in a road-related incident, and a considerably higher number will suffer severe injuries or lifelong disabilities
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; FOREWORD; ABSTRACT; CONTENTS; KEEPING CHILDREN SAFE IN TRAFFIC ISBN 92 64 10629 4 OECD 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1 Children's Travel How Risky Is It; Chapter 2 The Role of Education Training and Publicity; Chapter 3 Children in the Road Environment; Chapter 4 Vehicle Standards and Safety Equipment; Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations; Annex A. Children's Road Traffic Safety; Annex B. Members of the OECD Working Group on Reducing Children's Transport-Related Injuries and Fatalities;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un Accord de libre-échange en Asie de l'Est
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The inaugural Policy Insight, "Towards an East Asian Free Trade Area", by Shujiro Urata, looks at the progress towards and consequences of an East Asian FTA, not only for the region itself, but also the world economy and for non members of the FTA. It discusses a topic of immediate relevance to current evolutions in the world trading system, particularly with regard to the position of China and the dynamic economies of the region.
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The purpose of the System of Health Accounts Changes in health systems and concomitant health policy questions have been challenging the traditional system of health expenditure statistics over the last couple of decades. What are the major factors accounting for health expenditure growth? What factors explain the differences between countries in expenditure growth? How to ensure sustainable financing? What are the major factors accounting for the differences in the structure of health spending? How are the changes in health spending structure and the performance of health systems related? In order to answer such questions, reliable, comparable and appropriately detailed health expenditure data are required. The System of Health Accounts intends to provide the foundation for health statistics that are able to meet these challenges. Box 1 What is the System of Health Accounts? The System of Health Accounts (SHA) proposes an integrated system of comprehensive and internationally ...
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.386
    Keywords: Economics ; Denmark
    Abstract: Immigration could offer one way for Denmark to expand its labour supply, thereby lowering the dependency ratio, at least for some time, and easing the task of ensuring fiscal sustainability. However, these beneficial effects are obtained only if immigrants are in work. Yet a significant proportion of immigrants have found it quite difficult to get work in Denmark, while the country has been relatively unattractive to high-skilled foreigners. Furthermore, the structure of the economy not only makes it difficult for low-skilled foreigners to gain a foothold in the labour market, but also provides generous social benefits that have caught many of the least skilled immigrants in a benefit trap. A heightened appreciation of these problems, including a tighter focus on the economic situation of the immigrants already present, have underpinned the main changes in policies on immigration in recent years ...
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264017948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Danemark 2004 ; Les enseignements de PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Danemark 2004 : Les enseignements de PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von Review of national policies for education, Denmark
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Schüler ; Bildungsniveau ; Bildungspolitik ; Dänemark ; Education ; Denmark ; Dänemark ; PISA-Studie ; Schule ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: The results of PISA 2000, OECD's groundbreaking comparison of the educational outcomes of 15-year-olds, shook the belief of Danes that theirs was the best education system in the world. In this report, a team of examiners determines why Denmark did worse than expected and recommends a series of steps to better evaluate performance, to overcome the effects of family backgrounds on student outcomes, to better equip school leaders and teachers, and to enhance the flexibility of the agreement governing tasks and hours of school staff.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland
    Abstract: This paper analyses the Irish private health insurance (PHI) market. It describes how PHI interacts with the public system, and assesses its contribution to equity, efficiency and responsiveness of the health system. The analysis identifies some of the factors affecting insurance market performance and its impact on the health system, including market characteristics, the regulatory and fiscal environment, health system organisation, and any actors’ incentives and behaviours. PHI plays a prominent role in Ireland. The health system is designed to offer comprehensive publicly funded health services to low-income groups, and universal public hospital coverage. Policies have encouraged the development of PHI to provide all individuals with a private alternative to the public system, as well as a means of funding cost-sharing and services not covered by the public system. With the implementation of the requirements of the Third EU Non-Life Directive, the PHI market, historically ...
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Private health insurance (PHI) is the sole source of primary health coverage for a third of the Netherlands’ population earning above a set income threshold. Social insurance (together with limited public (tax-based financing) is the main source of health coverage for the majority of the population. Most socially insured also purchase supplementary private health coverage. All citizens are eligible for a system of coverage for long-term care and care for the chronically ill. Thus, in the Netherlands, the source of health financing is determined according to the category of health risk, type of illness, as well as income level. Decisions have been made allocating the cost of more expensive long-term care and coverage of high-risk individuals and persons earning below a set level, to social or public insurance, or to PHI subsidised by a broader pool. From an equity perspective, the Dutch public/private financing mix appears to do well, although challenges remain. There appear to be ...
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264032286
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Montenegro
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries world-wide over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation, competitiveness and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. It is a particular challenge for countries undertaking the transition to full market economies. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Montenegro and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.411
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: This paper investigates the determinants of money demand (M3) in the euro area. It specifically examines the potential impact of financial and housing wealth on money demand. It tests the hypothesis, whether wealth associated with increases in asset prices is used to finance liquidity holdings in a standard portfolio context. Regressing velocity on interest rates and a wealth variable (a composite of residential property and stocks) within an error-correction framework provides evidence of positive wealth effects from financial and housing assets on money demand in the long run, but no significant impact in the short run. Tests suggests that the long-run and dynamic money demand equations are stable and have not been disrupted by the adoption of the euro on 1 January 1999, while the impact of wealth on money demand may have increased ...
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.1
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the first in this series, presenting the Australian SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.380
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. This paper presents a reform strategy for progress in this direction, based on detailed country reviews for over twothirds of OECD countries. Three main areas for action are identified: the budget process; management practices and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une école novatrice revisitée : L'académie de Leith et les projets subséquents
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: In 1995, PEB published a case study on the United Kingdom’s Leith Academy. The following article examines the Academy’s original design, how the facilities have served over the 13 years since their construction and their influence on subsequent designs.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.405
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
    Abstract: An ambitious reform to increase efficiency of the Portuguese health care system was launched in 2002. In contrast to previous attempts of gradual reforms, which were never fully implemented, the strategy has been to create a big bang in the health sector, making changes essentially irreversible. The reform has two main aims: to deliver better-quality public health services than at present but at no higher cost; and to reduce the underlying growth rate of public health-care spending over the medium term. New legislation approved includes the separation of the functions of regulation, financing and provision of health care services; setting up new models of financing for providers, which impose harder budget constraints; the introduction of incentives towards productivity, management and quality improvements; the possibility for the private sector to play a larger role in service provision; and the promotion of generic drugs. After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the ...
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264070264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment - water systems. The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
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