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  • Englisch  (340)
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  • 2000-2004  (343)
  • Environment
  • Science and Technology
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Environment and behavior (1969-)
    Beverly Hills, Calif. :Sage Publications, ; Vol. 1 (June 1969)- .
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-9165 (Print) , 1552-390X (Digital)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: online resource (volumes : , illustrations)
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Vol. 1 (June 1969)- .
    Originaltitel: Environment and behavior [digital].
    DDC: 304
    Schlagwort(e): Human ecology Periodicals. ; Human behavior. ; Ecology. ; Behavior ; Environment ; Ecology ; Écologie humaine Périodiques. ; Comportement humain. ; Écologie. ; human behavior. ; ecology. ; Human behavior ; Ecology ; Human ecology ; Fulltext. ; Internet Resources. ; Periodicals. ; Periodicals
    URL: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Stanford&SrcApp=AMR&DestApp=IC2JCR&KeyISSN=0013-9165
    URL: Access restricted to Stanford community
    URL: Access restricted to Stanford community
    URL: Access restricted to Stanford community
    URL: Scholars Portal
    URL: Access restricted to Stanford community
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    KOBV
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Environmental Security Database (2004)
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    DDC: 305.8
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Umwelt ; Environnement ; Bibliographies ; Bibliographien ; Conflicts ; Konflikte ; Archivierung und Nutzung von dokumentarischem Material ; Storage and use of documentary materials ; Politsche Anthropologie ; Politcal anthropology ; Umwelt und Natur ; Konfliktforschung ; Friedensforschung ; Bibliographische Quellen ; Fachbibliographien
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Will forest owners cooperate ? (2004)
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    DDC: 499
    RVK:
    LB 79295
    RVK:
    LC 22295
    Schlagwort(e): Land properties ; Landbesitz ; Forest management ; Waldmanagement ; Gestion forestière ; Bulgaria ; Bulgarien ; Südosteuropa ; South East Europe ; Umwelt und Natur ; Environment ; Landbesitz, Kultivierung, Bewässerung, Pflanzen etc. ; Land tenure, cultivation, irrigation, plants etc. ; Bulgaria ; Privatbesitz ; Individuelle Publikationen ; Arbeitspapier, Preprint
    Anmerkung: Informationen zur Ressource: 1615-4568
    URL: Volltext
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Nature and society : anthropological perspectives (2004)
    London : Routledge
    Details
    ISBN: 9780203451069 , 0203202287 , 0203456793
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 310 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: European Association of Social Anthropologists
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Nature and society
    DDC: 304.2
    RVK:
    MS 1700
    Schlagwort(e): Ethnology ; Nature Social aspects ; Human ecology ; Culture Related to ; Environment ; Konferenzschrift 1994 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Anthropologie ; Natur ; Gesellschaft
    Kurzfassung: "The articles are revised versions of papers that were presented at the Third Conference of the European Association of Social Anthropologists in Oslo in June 1994." (Editor's preface)
    Anmerkung: Literaturangaben
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    GBV
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    WorldMinds: Geographical Perspectives on 100 Problems : Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Association of American Geographers 1904–2004 (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402023521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 638 p. 147 illus)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2004
    Paralleltitel: Printed edition
    Paralleltitel: Printed edition
    Paralleltitel: Printed edition
    DDC: 301
    Schlagwort(e): Sociology ; Geography ; Environment
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2352-1
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2352-1
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    HBZ
  • 6
    Buch
    Buch
    Landscape and memory (2004)
    London : Harper
    Details
    ISBN: 0006863485 , 9780006863489
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: XI, 652 S., [32] Bl , Ill., Faks., Kt., graph. Darst. , 24 cm
    Ausgabe: [6. pr.]
    DDC: 304.209
    Schlagwort(e): Landscape ; Nature Effect of human beings on ; Human beings Effect of environment on ; Culture ; Forests and forestry Social aspects ; Culture Related to ; Environment ; History ; Natur ; Ästhetik ; Landschaftsbild ; Umweltwahrnehmung
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Anmerkung: Originally published: London: HarperCollins, 1995
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Buch
    GBV
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Environmental Change and its Implications for Population Migration (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402028779
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 316 p)
    Serie: Advances in Global Change Research 20
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    RVK:
    AR 14900
    RVK:
    RB 10438
    RVK:
    RB 10594
    Schlagwort(e): Social Sciences ; Human Geography ; Environment, general ; Climate Change ; Environmental Management ; Geography, general ; Demography ; Social sciences ; Geography ; Environment ; Climate change ; Environmental management ; Demography ; Human geography ; Migration ; Umweltveränderung ; Konferenzschrift ; Umweltveränderung ; Migration
    Kurzfassung: Environmental change in general, and climatic change in particular, are likely to impact significantly upon resources such as water and soils, transforming present day landscapes and their ecological characteristics. As a consequence, disruptions of socio-economic activities in sensitive regions of the globe can be expected in coming decades. Agriculture is at particular risk, especially in areas where prolonged droughts, sea level rise, enhanced natural hazards, or extreme meteorological events such as floods or mudslides threaten marginal existence. Disruptions and risks may have large effects on population migration. Conversely, large-scale movements of people, goods or capital may also disrupt local environments and further contribute to social problems. This volume provides an ample overview of state-of-the-art understanding of the multi-dimensional phenomenon of migration, in the characterisation of migration drivers, in environmental and agro-economic case studies and modelling issues as well as socio-political analyses
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2877-9
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    KOBV
  • 8
    Buch
    Buch
    Nature and society : anthropological perspectives (2004)
    London [u.a.] : Routledge
    Details
    ISBN: 0415132169 , 0415132150
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: IX, 310 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Ausgabe: Transferred to digital printing
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Nature and society
    DDC: 304.2
    RVK:
    MS 1700
    Schlagwort(e): Ethnology ; Nature Social aspects ; Human ecology ; Culture Related to ; Environment ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Anthropologie ; Natur ; Gesellschaft
    Anmerkung: On cover: European Association of Social Anthropologists. - Includes bibliographies and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Buch
    BSZ
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Writing Performances: The Stages of Dorothy L. Sayers (2004)
    New York : Palgrave Macmillan US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781137122612
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 199 p)
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Literature ; Theater ; Performing arts ; Literature, Modern 20th century ; America Literatures ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: After Dorothy L. Sayers became famous for her fictional sleuth, Lord Peter Wimsey, she began investigating the mysteries of Anglo-Catholic Christianity, writing plays for both stage and radio. However, because her modernist contemporaries disdained both best-sellers and religious fiction, Sayers has been largely overlooked by the academy. Writing Performances is the first work to position Sayers' diverse writings within the critical climate of high modernism. Employing exuberant illustrations from Sayers' detective fiction to make theoretical issues accessible, the book employs insights from performance theory to argue that Sayers, though a popularizer, presciently anticipated the postmodern ironizing of Enlightenment rationality and scientific objectivity
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-137-12261-2
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online-Ressource
    BSZ
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Dairy Sector (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015906
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Serie: Agriculture, Trade and the Environment
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le secteur laitier
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Trade ; Milchwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Agrarhandel ; Liberalisierung ; Treibhauseffekt
    Kurzfassung: This OECD study takes an in-depth look at the dairy sector in OECD countries in order to see how agricultural subsidies and environmental policies are impacting the environment and international competitiveness of dairy products.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015906-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 111: Hydrolysis as a Function of pH (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069701
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 111; Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 111: Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method to assess abiotic hydrolytic transformations of chemicals in aquatic systems at pH values normally found in the environment (pH 4 – 9). This Guideline is designed as a tiered approach; each tier is triggered by the results of the previous tier.Sterile aqueous buffer solutions of different pH values (pH 4, 7 and 9) are treated with the non-labelled or labelled test substance (only one concentration, which should not exceed 0.01 M or half of the saturation concentration). They are incubated in the dark under controlled laboratory conditions (at constant temperatures). After appropriate time intervals, buffer solutions are analysed for the test substance and for hydrolysis products. The preliminary test should be carried out for 5 days at 50 ± 0.5°C and pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The second tier consists of the hydrolysis of unstable substances, and the third tier is the identification of hydrolysis products. The higher Tier tests should be conducted until 90 % hydrolysis of the test substance is observed or for 30 days whichever comes first.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069701-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 309: Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water Simulation Biodegradation Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070547
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 309; Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles - Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 309: Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this test is to measure the time course of biodegradation of a test substance at low concentration in aerobic natural water and to quantify the observations in the form of kinetic rate expressions. The test is performed in batch by “pelagic test” or “suspended sediment test” to simulate a water body with suspended solids or re-suspended sediment. The test flasks are incubated in darkness at an environmental temperature under aerobic conditions and agitation during 60 days normally. At least two different concentrations of test substance (non-volatile or slightly volatile organic) should be used. The maximum test concentration should be less than 100µg/L (biodegradation following first order kinetics) and the lowest test concentration preferably in the range of ‹1-10µg/L. Two subsamples should be withdrawn from each test flask at each sampling time. Degradation is followed at appropriate time intervals, by measuring either the residual 14C or the residual concentration of test substance. The total mineralisation and the primary biodegradation are determined by a different 14C labeling part of the molecule. Periodic measurements of pH and oxygen concentration in the test system must be conducted.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070547-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032989
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Schlagwort(e): Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The report reviews progress on the availability of broadband access across the OECD area. It particularly focuses on benchmarking digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem expansion and availability, as well as the emergence of broadband wireless as a platform to provide low-cost high-performance access networks in rural and remote areas. The paper finds that DSL availability is proceeding apace, with around three-quarters of existing subscriber lines being able to provide service by 2003. Cable networks pass 58% of households with just under three-quarters of those networks having been upgraded for broadband access. The paper also explores the increasing capabilities of wireless...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032989-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070325
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 222; Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 222: Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals in soil on the reproductive output (and other sub-lethal end points) of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei. Adult worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance either mixed into the soil or applied to the soil surface. The range of test concentrations is selected to encompass those likely to cause both sub-lethal and lethal effects over a period of eight weeks. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. This study includes the observation of unusual behaviour and morphology, the counting and weighing of the adult worms after the four primary weeks, the number of juveniles hatched at the end of the second 4-week period. The reproductive output of the worms exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070325-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 431: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071148
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 431; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ;Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 431: Corrosion cutanée in vitro :Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The test described in this Test Guideline allows the identification of corrosive chemical substances and mixtures and it enables the identification of non-corrosive substances and mixtures when supported by a weight of evidence determination using other existing information. The test protocol may also provide an indication of the distinction between severe and less severe skin corrosives. This Test Guideline does not require the use of live animals or animal tissue for the assessment of skin corrosivity. The test material (solid or liquid) is applied uniformly and topically to a three-dimensional human skin model, comprising at least a reconstructed epidermis with a functional stratum corneum. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure periods. The principle of the human skin model assay is based on the hypothesis that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071148-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Detailed Review Document on Classification in OECD Member Countries of Substances and Mixtures which cause Respiratory Tract Irritation and Corrosion (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079090
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.40
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This detailed review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which cause respiratorytract irritation and corrosion.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079090-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Detailed Review Paper on Fish Screening Assays for the Detection of Endocrine Active Substances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079151
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (170 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.47
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of fish screening assays for chemicals active at the endocrine level on the reproductive system of test animals.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079151-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Sweden 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108592
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suède 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: This review of Sweden’s environmental performance takes stock of Sweden’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1996. It finds that Sweden has benefited from solid institutional and regulatory frameworks, extensive use of economic instruments, and significant planning and legislative reform. To meet its Environmental Quality Objectives, Sweden will need to implement more efficient environmental policies, further integrate environmental concerns with other policy, and further strengthen international environmental cooperation. The report makes 44 recommendations to help strengthen Sweden’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108592-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Understanding Economic Growth : A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019331
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Comprendre la croissance économique ; Analyse au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l'entreprise
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?; Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico; Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Comprendre la croissance économique : Analyse au niveau macroéconomique, au niveau sectoriel et au niveau de l'entreprise
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Was ist Wirtschaftswachstum?: Eine Betrachtung aus makroökonomischer, branchenbezogener und betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compreender o Crescimento Económico: Nível macro, nível industrial, nível empresarial
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This book is a unique tool providing facts, figures and analysis of economic growth in OECD countries. The analysis focuses on the growth patterns of OECD countries during the last decade and identifies the fundamental drivers of growth. It also looks at how and why countries react differently to these drivers. It examines growth at the macro-economic level, industry level and firm level and also analyses the contribution of information technology (IT) at each of these levels. Packed with over 50 tables and figures, the book provides unique data to better understand the reality of economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019331-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Digital Delivery of Business Services (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.79
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The business services examined in this study include software and information services, R&D and technical services, advertising and marketing, business consulting, recruitment and human resource development services. Digital delivery includes contracted out electronically mediated services supply (outsourcing) and digitally facilitated distributed work within firms, in which business services inputs are supplied electronically to support the business activities of firms. Digital delivery allows business services suppliers to combine richness and reach (i.e. to combine greater market reach with the ability to engage in richer interactions with clients). Business services activities are a significant and growing part of all OECD economies. Services are often dominated by small firms, although there are large players in most market segments. Demand for business services is strongly pro-cyclical. Innovation and high levels of competition counter market dynamics leading to concentration. Hence, new players emerge and there is considerable churn among market leaders.
    DOI: 10.1787/232751878060
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Highly Skilled Labour and International Mobility in South America (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/10
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the main trends in respect of the supply of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in Latin America and the international mobility of its highly skilled labour. This will be done through the identification of potential data sources, followed by a presentation of indicators drawn from these sources. In addition, a short section is devoted to the main policy aspects surrounding these issues. The section on policy issues will show that the main South American countries have in common a lack of strong or efficient policies for the migration of highly skilled human resources, although in recent years important changes have occurred in some of the countries of the region. Available information sources on highly skilled labour and international mobility in South American countries are similar to those from OECD countries as far as the main types of collected data is concerned. Potential sources are labour force surveys, population ...
    DOI: 10.1787/570061570356
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Handbook on Hedonic Indexes and Quality Adjustments in Price Indexes : Special Application to Information Technology Products (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 255 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/09
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This handbook reviews the methods employed in price indexes to adjust for quality change: “conventional” quality adjustment methods, which are explained in Chapter II, and hedonic price indexes (Chapter III). Hedonic indexes have a prominent place in price indexes for information and communication technology (ICT) products in several OECD countries, and are also used for measuring prices for some other goods and services, notably housing. The handbook’s objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the merits and shortcomings of conventional and hedonic methods, and to provide an analytic basis for choosing among them. This handbook compares and contrasts the logic and statistical properties of hedonic methods and conventional methods and the results of employing them in different circumstances. In Chapter IV, it reviews empirical evidence on the difference that alternative methods make in practice, and offers an evaluation framework for determining which is better. In ...
    DOI: 10.1787/643587187107
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  • 23
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    The Application of the Principles of GLP to in vitro Studies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084971
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.14
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Application des Principes de BPL aux études in vitro
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this document is to facilitate the proper application and interpretation of the GLP Principles for the organisation and management of in vitro studies, and to provide guidance for the appropriate application of the GLP Principles to in vitro studies, both for test facilities (management, QA, study director and personnel), and for national GLP compliance monitoring authorities. This Advisory Document intends to provide such additional interpretation of the Principles and guidance for their application to in vitro studies carried out for regulatory purposes. It is organised in such a way as to provide easy reference to the GLP Principles by following the sequence of the different parts of these GLP Principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084971-en
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  • 24
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    Fish Piracy : Combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016804
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: This book gathers the proceedings of an OECD Workshop that took place in April 2004 in Paris, on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing -- a worldwide problem which is increasing in scale. The aim of the workshop was to better understand the social and economic factors that drive IUU fishing in order to identify more effective methods to combat this evil and propose new ways to deal with it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016804-en
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  • 25
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    Energy to 2050: Scenarios for a Sustainable Future (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and International Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019058
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Environment ; Energieweltwirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Zukunft ; Szenario
    Kurzfassung: Analysing the interaction between energy and climate change mitigation issues requires the adoption of a long-term perspective – looking up to fifty years ahead. This volume examines ‘exploratory scenarios’ and ‘normative scenarios’. These long-term scenarios complement the IEA’s World Energy Outlook, which presents a mid-term business-as-usual scenario with some variants. The analysis in this volume seeks to stimulate new thinking in this critical domain.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019058-en
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  • 26
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    Assessment and Decision Making for Sustainable Transport (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113134
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Évaluation et prise de décision pour des transports durables
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Transport ; Europäische Union ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Verkehrspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Kurzfassung: Bringing the results of economic appraisals and environmental assessments before technical and political decision-makers in ways that are clear, concise and transparent is essential if planning and decision making procedures are to achieve a sustainable transport system. This report makes recommendations for good practice in the transport sector on the basis of reviews of recent experience in infrastructure planning and policy development in seven countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113134-en
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  • 27
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    OECD Environmental Strategy : 2004 Review of Progress (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107823
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Stratégie de l'environnement de l'OCDE ; Bilan en 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Stratégie de l'environnement de l'OCDE : Bilan en 2004
    DDC: 333.72
    RVK:
    AR 28300
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Environmental policy OECD countries ; Natural resources OECD countries ; Management ; Quality of life OECD countries ; Environment ; OECD ; Umweltpolitik
    Kurzfassung: OECD Environment Ministers agreed in 2001, on an ambitious Environmental Strategy for the first decade of the 21st century. The strategy sets out clear directions for environmentally sustainable policies and includes these key objectives: maintaining the integrity of ecosystems through the efficient management of natural resources; decoupling environmental pressures from economic growth; improving information for decision-making; measuring progress through indicators; the social and environmental interface; enhancing the quality of life; global environmental interdependence; improving governance and co-operation. In addition to highlighting the challenges and obstacles that remain if countries are to achieve the objectives by the planned date of 2010, this report assesses the progress that OECD countries have made, as well as in applying the 71 national actions they agreed on, as part of the Environmental Strategy. The book is for policy makers and environmental economists.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107823-en
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  • 28
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    Test No. 312: Leaching in Soil Columns (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070561
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 312; Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 312: Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The method described in this Test Guideline is based on soil column chromatography in disturbed soil. Two types of experiments are performed to determine (i) the leaching potential of the test substance, and (ii) the leaching potential of transformation products in soils under controlled laboratory conditions. At least duplicate leaching columns are packed with untreated, air-dried and sieved soil (〈 2 mm) up to a height of approximately 30 cm. Afterwards they are saturated and equilibrated with an “artificial rain” solution and allowed to drain. Then the surface of each soil column is treated with the test substance (non-volatile in water and soil) and/or with aged residues of the test substance. Artificial rain is applied to the soil columns and the leachate is collected. After the leaching process the soil is removed from the columns and is sectioned into an appropriate number of segments depending on the information required from the study. A reference substance (atrazine or monuron) should be used in the leaching experiments. For each soil segment and leachate fraction, the amounts of test substance, transformation products, non-extractables and, if included, of the reference substance should be given in % of applied initial dose.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070561-en
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  • 29
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    Test No. 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069947
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 202; Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 202: Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes an acute toxicity test to assess effects of chemicals towards daphnids (usually Daphnia magna Staus). Young daphnids, aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test, are exposed to the test substance at a range of concentrations (at least five concentrations) for a period of 48 hours. Immobilisation is recorded at 24 hours and 48 hours and compared with control values. The results are analysed in order to calculate the EC50 at 48h. Determination of the EC50 at 24h is optional. At least 20 animals, preferably divided into four groups of five animals each, should be used at each test concentration and for the controls. At least 2 ml of test solution should be provided for each animal (i.e. a volume of 10 ml for five daphnids per test vessel). The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. The study report should include the observation for immobilized daphnids at 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the test and the measures of dissolved oxygen, pH, concentration of the test substance, at the beginning and end of the test.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069947-en
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  • 30
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    Test No. 117: Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069824
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 117; Cœfficient de partage (n-octanol/eau), méthode HPLC
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 117: Cœfficient de partage (n-octanol/eau), méthode HPLC
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes the HPLC method, which permits to determine the partition coefficient (n-octanol/water) (Pow).Reverse phase HPLC is performed on analytical columns packed with a solid phase containing long hydrocarbon chains chemically bound onto silica. The chemicals are retained in the column in proportion to their hydrocarbon-water partition coefficient, with hydrophilic chemicals eluted first and lipophilic chemicals last. The HPLC method covers log Pow in the range of 0 to 6, but it can be expanded to cover the log Pow range between 6 and 10 in exceptional cases. The HPLC operation mode is isocratic. The test substance is injected in the smallest detectable quantities in the column. The retention time is determined in duplicate. The partition coefficient of the test substance is obtained by interpolation of the calculated capacity factor on the calibration graph. For very low and very high partition coefficients extrapolation is necessary.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069824-en
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  • 31
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    Patents and Innovation : Trends and Policy Challenges (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026728
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Few systematic economic evaluations have been carried out on patent system to better inform policy choices. This report, which covers a range of areas, and highlights some issues that policy makers should address in the near future, including markets for technology, patenting by public reserach organisations, biotechnology, and software and services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026728-en
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  • 32
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    Test No. 219: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Water (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070288
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 219; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 219: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment-water systems. The test starts by placing first instar larvae into the test beakers containing the sediment-water system and subsequently spiking the test substance into the water. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour, the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence, larvae survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070288-en
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  • 33
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    Descriptions of Selected Key Generic Terms used in Chemical Hazard/Risk Assessment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079120
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.44
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents internationally harmonised generic and technical terms used in chemical hazard/risk assessment which will help facilitate the mutual use and acceptance of the assessment of chemicals between countries, saving resources for both governments and industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079120-en
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  • 34
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    Measuring Knowledge Management in the Business Sector : First Steps (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100282
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Knowledge management
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial; premiers résultats
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial: premiers résultats
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Knowledge management involves any activity related to the capture, use and sharing of knowledge by an organisation. Evidence shows that these practices are being used more and more frequently and that their impact on innovation and other aspects of corporate performance is far from negligible. Today, there is a recognition of the need to understand and to measure the activity of knowledge management so that organisations can be more efficient and governments can develop policies to promote these benefits. This book offers a synthetic view of the results of the first systematic international survey on knowledge management carried out by national statistical offices in Canada, Denmark, France and Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100282-en
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  • 35
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    Measuring Sustainable Development : Integrated Economic, Environmental and Social Frameworks (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020139
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The papers in this conference proceedings address the various conceptual, measurement and statistical policy issues that arise when applying accounting frameworks to the concept of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020139-en
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  • 36
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    Generic Top Level Domain Names : Market Development and Allocation Issues (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.84
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The Domain Name System’s need to have unique identifiers, and a consequent need for there to be a single registry for each name, means that any registry can exercise a degree of monopoly power over the domain for which it has responsibility.
    DOI: 10.1787/232630011251
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  • 37
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    Biometric-based Technologies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.101
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Technologies fondées sur la biométrie
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report is intended to provide an understanding of the benefits and limitations of biometric-based technologies. It also includes information on existing privacy and security methodologies for assessing biometrics.
    DOI: 10.1787/232075642747
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  • 38
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    Background Paper for the OECD Workshop on Spam (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Note de synthèse pour l'atelier de l'OCDE sur le spam
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This background paper has been prepared to provide a broad overview of the issues associated with spam as information for participants at the OECD Workshop on Spam, to be held at the European Commission on 2-3 February 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232784860063
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  • 39
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    Online-Ressource
    Peer to Peer Networks in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.82
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The number of people logged on simultaneously to popular file sharing networks approached close to 10 million in April 2004, a rise of 30% from the same period a year earlier, according to this new OECD report.
    DOI: 10.1787/232717003357
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  • 40
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    Detailed Review Paper on Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay for the Detection of Thyroid Active Substances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079144-en
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  • 41
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    Migration of Highly Skilled Indians: Case Studies of IT and the Health Professionals (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/06
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes the results of two specific primary surveys, one of IT professionals in the city of Bangalore and their role in making the city a corridor for international mobility of Indian professionals, and the second survey of health professionals (doctors and nurses) in the city of New Delhi. In these surveys, highly skilled Indians were asked about their motivations for emigrating, their experiences abroad, their reasons for coming back to India and their perception of their current situation. These surveys were carried out as a supplement to a study on estimating the stocks, flows and international mobility of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in India. The results of that work are reported in STI Working Paper 2004/7 (Khadria 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/381236020703
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  • 42
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    Detailed Review Document on Classification in OECD Member Countries of Substances and Mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079106
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.41
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079106-en
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  • 43
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    Triadic Patent Families Methodology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/02
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Patent indicators – within the science and technology (S&T) context – are used to measure inventive performance, diffusion of knowledge and internationalisation of innovative activities – across countries, firms, industries, technology areas, etc. A common approach is to calculate patent indicators based on information (filings, grants, etc.) from a particular patent office. While the richness and strength of those indicators are broadly recognised, they are affected by “home” advantage bias – where proportionate to their inventive activity, domestic applicants tend to file more patents in their home country compared to foreign applicants. Patents taken in various countries to protect inventions can be linked together to build triadic patent families: a set of patents taken at the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that share one or more priorities. Patent families are derived from priority application ...
    DOI: 10.1787/443844125004
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  • 44
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    The Benefits of Climate Change Policies : Analytical and Framework Issues (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108325
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (323 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation Economic aspects ; Environment ; Klimaänderung ; Auswirkung ; Bewertung ; Umweltschutz ; Externer Effekt ; Sozialer Ertrag ; Wohlfahrtseffekt ; Nutzen ; Quantifizierung
    Kurzfassung: The Benefits of Climate Change Policies provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in assessment of the global benefits of climate change policies. It includes recent analyses and viewpoints from well-known scientists and policy analysts, including John Callaway (UNEP Risoe Centre), Henry Jacoby (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Sam Hitz and Joel Smith (Stratus Consulting), Roger Jones (CSIRO, Australia), Michele Pittini and Mujaba Rahman (UK government), John Schellnhuber (and other co-authors from Tyndall Centre, UK), Stephen Schneider (Stanford University), and Tom Wigley (NCAR).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108325-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 45
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    Establishment and Control of Archives that Operate in Compliance with the Principles of GLP (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084995
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.15
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Établissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Établissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document is intended for use by test facilities that are required to operate in compliance with the Principles of GLP, for organisations that supply support, e.g. contract archives, contract quality assurance units or IT services and for sponsors, GLP compliance monitoring authorities and receiving authorities. Organisations should ensure that they evaluate applicable regulatory requirements against their business needs. Certain aspects of archive construction and operation may have implications for compliance with building regulations or legislation regarding public health and safety. Guidance on these aspects is outside the scope of this document. Test facilities and other organisations, engaged in archiving GLP records and material, might benefit from the use of recognised archiving management standards including those concerning metadata.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084995-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 46
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    Guidance Document on the Use of Multimedia Models for Estimating Overall Environmental Persistance and Long-Range Transport (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079137
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (83 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.45
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Guidance Document is addressed to those who are involved in risk assessment and management of chemicals called POPs (persistent organic pollutants) or PBTs (persistent and bio-accumulating toxics). It is about using multimedia models, i.e. generic evaluative models that can calculate overall environmental persistence (Pov) and potential for long-range transport (LTRP) covering multiple compartments such as air, water, sediment and soil: what models you can use to identify and characterize POPs/PBTs, what data to use, and how to use model calculations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079137-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 47
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    The Economic Impact of ICT : Measurement, Evidence and Implications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026780
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (304 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. The economic impact of ICT
    DDC: 658.4038
    RVK:
    QC 344
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Schlagwort(e): Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Produktivität ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung ; OECD ; Informationstechnik ; Unternehmen ; Produktivität ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Messung
    Kurzfassung: Information and communications technology (ICT) has become a key driver of economic growth over the past decade. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, of mobile telephony and of broadband networks all demonstrate how pervasive this technology has become. But how precisely does ICT affect economic growth and the efficiency of firms? And how well can these effects be measured? This report provides an overview of the economic impact of ICT on economic performance, and the ways through which it can be measured. Using available OECD data, the first part of the book examines the available measures of ICT diffusion, the role and impact of ICT investment and the role of ICT-using and ICT-producing sectors in overall economic performance. The second part of the book offers nine studies for OECD countries, based on detailed firm-level data and prepared by researchers and statisticians from a wide range of OECD countries. These studies use a variety of methods and provide detailed insights on the effects of ICT in individual countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026780-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Klappentext
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  • 48
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Bulgaria 2004: Science, Research and Technology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264007024
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Serie: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Bulgarie 2004 ; Science, recherche et technologie
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Bulgarie 2004 : Science, recherche et technologie
    Paralleltitel: Elektronische Reproduktion von Reviews of national policies for education, Bulgaria
    DDC: 509/.499
    Schlagwort(e): Technologiepolitik ; Forschungsfinanzierung ; Forschungskooperation ; Brain Drain ; Humankapital ; Bulgarien ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Bulgaria
    Kurzfassung: This review presents an overview of the S&T sector in Bulgaria and its links to education. Topics covered include the legislative framework; institutional arrangements for research and teaching; budgeting mechanisms; regional and international co-operation including EU policy initiatives; and the impact of brain drain and ageing on human resources. Sample case studies and best practices in S&T policy-making are provided to illustrate the analysis. The final chapter includes a series of recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264007024-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 49
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    Development of Third-Generation Mobile Services in the OECD (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.85
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the development of third-generation mobile services (3G) in OECD countries. A brief description of the definition of 3G and its migration path is followed by an analysis of the benefits and shortcomings of 3G services. The paper further examines regulatory issues raised by 3G development and recent market developments including pricing issues. Finally, the paper undertakes a comparative analysis of 3G with wireless LANs and other alternative wireless technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/232562017400
    URL: Volltext
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  • 50
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    ICT, E-Business and Small and Medium Enterprises (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.86
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les TIC, le commerce électronique et les PME
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCs and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes. As is the case with all technologies, small businesses are slower than large ones to adopt new ICTs. Commercial considerations and potential returns are the principal drivers of small business adoption and profitable use. Principal reasons for non-adoption are lack of applicability and little incentive to change business models when returns are unclear. SMEs also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills, technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/232556551425
    URL: Volltext
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  • 51
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    Multinationals and U.S. Productivity Leadership : Evidence from Great Britain (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
    DOI: 10.1787/125181786028
    URL: Volltext
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  • 52
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    The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.80
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: As the development of broadband access builds momentum, policy makers are increasingly turning their attention to the availability of these services in rural and remote areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/232744838147
    URL: Volltext
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  • 53
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    Business Dynamics, Regulation and Performance (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/03
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Building on an earlier study of patterns on firm entry, exit growth and survival based on new data from Eurostat covering nine European Union member countries (Brandt, 2004), this paper takes a closer look at the role of policies and institutions for firm entry and survival and at the link between new firm creation and economic performance. The earlier study revealed that firm entry rates, i.e. the number of new firms in a market in relation to all active enterprises, were particularly high in Information and Communication (ICT) related industries in recent years. This lends some support to the idea present in some theories of economic growth that new firms are important for the development and implementation of new technologies. This paper takes a closer look at the relationship between firm entry and economic performance. Results reveals that high rates of firm entry tend to coincide with rapid productivity, output and employment growth, especially in the ICT related services ...
    DOI: 10.1787/573033480640
    URL: Volltext
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  • 54
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    An Emerging Knowledge-Based Economy in China? : Indicators from OECD Databases (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 77 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/04
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: This paper shows that China is catching up rapidly with other dynamic Asian economies and the Triad economies on a score of indicators relating to the knowledge-based economy. Taking into account that a number of measurement issues hamper international comparability to varying degrees, some of the main results are the following. • Economic growth in China has outpaced the other economies substantially. Nevertheless, GDP per capita is still considerably smaller than that of the other economies. • The main contributor to GDP in China is industry (mining; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water supply; and construction), which saw its share rise by 10 percentage points to 52% between 1990 and 2002. • Trade in goods as a percentage of GDP doubled between 1990 and 2002, reaching a level well above that of the Triad economies. The largest contribution to this expansion was made by...
    DOI: 10.1787/256502026705
    URL: Volltext
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  • 55
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    The Implications of Convergence for Regulation of Electronic Communications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.83
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Digital technologies and the diffusion of new transmission technologies have increased the number of platforms capable of providing video transmission, and have also altered the traditional characteristics of broadcasting.
    DOI: 10.1787/232632377163
    URL: Volltext
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  • 56
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    Test No. 430: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071124-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 57
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    Report on non-OECD Countries' Spam Legislation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.81
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report on anti-spam legislation in OECD non-member countries was originally prepared for the Brussels OECD Workshop on Spam and was updated following the workshop to include more non-member country information in April 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232723710504
    URL: Volltext
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  • 58
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    Test No. 427: Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071063
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 427; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vivo
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 427: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vivo
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The in vivo percutaneous absorption study set out in this Test Guideline provides the linkage necessary to extrapolate from oral studies when making safety assessments following dermal exposure. The in vivo method, described in this guideline, allows the determination of the penetration of the test substance through the skin into the systemic compartment. The test substance, preferably radiolabelled, is applied, for a fixed period of time, to the clipped skin of animals at one or more appropriate dose levels in the form of a representative in-use preparation. The rat is the most commonly used species. At least four animals of one sex should be used for each test preparation and each scheduled termination time. A known amount of the test preparation is evenly applied to the site. This amount should normally mimic potential human exposure, typically 1-5 mg/cm² for a solid or up to 10 µl/cm² for liquids. A relevant exposure period (typically 6 or 24 hours) should be used, based on the expected human exposure duration. The animals should be observed for signs of toxicity/abnormal reactions at intervals for the entire duration of the study. This study includes: daily measurements (excreta), regular detailed observations, as well as sacrifice at the scheduled time and blood collected for analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071063-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 59
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    Addressing the Economics of Waste (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208 p)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    DDC: 628.44
    RVK:
    AR 21900
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Kostenmanagement ; Abfallpolitik ; Recycling ; Abfallvermeidung
    Kurzfassung: The Workshop held by OECD in October 2003, in Paris, France, brought together leading experts to take stock of “the state of the art" on the economics of waste and to help select topics on which the OECD could usefully do additional work. The book comprises the Workshop papers by leading experts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106192-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 60
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    Science and Technology Statistical Compendium 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Compendium statistique 2004 de la science et de la technologie
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The S&T Statistical Compendium 2004 was prepared for the January 2004 meeting of the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) at Ministerial level and mainly draws on databases, indicators and methodology developed by the CSTP’s Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) Working Party, and compiled by the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI). It presents a wide selection of the most policy-relevant and internationally comparable indicators currently available in the field of science and technology. The document looks at the state of science and technology in the OECD across four broad dimensions:• Section A: Innovation and R&D.• Section B: Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST).• Section C: Patents.• Section D: Other areas (ICT, globalisation, industrial structure).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026186-en
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  • 61
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    Detailed Background Review of the Uterotrophic Bioassay (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078857
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (217 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.38
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This detailed background review paper provides a summary of the relevant literature (up to September 2001) relevant to the standardisation and validation of the rodent uterotrophic bioassay. The rodent uterotrophic bioassay is being validated as part of the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. The rodent uterotrophic bioassay is based on the principle that the uterus is under the control of oestrogens to stimulate and maintain growth. If endogenous sources of this hormone are not available, the animal will require an exogenous source to initiate and/or restore uterine growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078857-en
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  • 62
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    Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078796
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.28
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This guidance document has been prepared to support technical aspects of the OECD skin absorption test guidelines. In particular is discusses the various aspects of in vivo vs. in vitro testing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078796-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 63
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    Guidance Document on Reporting Summary Information on Environmental, Occupational and Consumer Exposure (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079113
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (66 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.42
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document contains guidance for using the summary exposure information reporting formats, which were developed by the OECD Ad Hoc Group on Reporting Summary Exposure Information. The objective of the work of this Ad Hoc Group is to develop flexible formats and guidance for the reporting of summary exposure information (quantitative and qualitative), which can be used in various chemical assessment programs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079113-en
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  • 64
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    Test No. 428: Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071087
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 428; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vitro
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 428: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vitro
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test method has been designed to provide information on absorption of a test substance, (ideally radiolabelled), applied to the surface of a skin sample separating the two chambers (a donor chamber and a receptor chamber) of a diffusion cell. Static and flow-through diffusion cells are both acceptable. Skin from human or animal sources can be used. Although viable skin is preferred, non-viable skin can also be used. The skin has been shown to have the capability to metabolise some chemicals during percutaneous absorption. In this case, metabolites of the test chemical may be analysed by appropriate methods. Normally more than one concentration of the test substance is used in typical formulations, spanning the realistic range of potential human exposures. The application should mimic human exposure, normally 1-5 mg/cm2 of skin for a solid and up to 10 µl/cm2 for liquids. The temperature must be constant because it affects the passive diffusion of chemicals. The absorption of a test substance during a given time period (normally 24h) is measured by analysis of the receptor fluid and the distribution of the test substance chemical in the test system and the absorption profile with time should be presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071087-en
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  • 65
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    Space 2030 : Exploring the Future of Space Applications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020344
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'espace à l'horizon 2030 ; quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'espace à l'horizon 2030 : quel avenir pour les applications spatiales ?
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, media attention has focused almost exclusively on spectacular space missions. However, space actors have also faced their fair share of setbacks: the Columbia tragedy, extravagant cost overruns and painful reductions in public support to space ventures.Over the years, advances in space technologies have led to the development of increasingly sophisticated military and civil space assets. Where is the space sector heading now? What are the obstacles to its further development? What are its future prospects? What are the applications that are likely to be successful in the future? To answer these questions, this report adopted a scenario-based approach to explore the future evolution of major components of the space sector (military space, civil space, commercial space) over the next thirty years. It covers four major factors of change: geopolitical developments, socio-economic developments, energy and the environment, technology. "Outstanding review, especially useful for the three sophisticated scenarios, useful to many futurists." Future Survey, August 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020344-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 66
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    The Security Economy (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107748
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'économie de la sécurité
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: With the market for security goods and services having expanded rapidly since 9/11, this study examines the potential costs of major disruptions, the trade-offs between tighter security and economic efficiency, and the implications of tighter security for privacy and other democratic liberties.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107748-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 67
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    Online-Ressource
    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Spain 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108639
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Espagne 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales; España 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Espagne 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales: España 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: This review of Spain’s environmental performance takes stock of Spain’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1997. It finds that despite substantial increases in GDP, tourism, construction, population density in coastal areas, and road freight transport, progress has been made in decoupling some environmental pressures from economic growth and in developing environmental infrastructure. Nevertheless, Spain faces important challenges related to high energy intensity, high water use intensity, and increasing CO2 emissions and municipal waste. This report makes 46 recommendations to help strengthen Spain’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108639-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 68
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Canada 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Canada 2004
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Canada 2004
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Canada
    Kurzfassung: OECD's comprehensive 2004 report on Canada's environmental policies and programmes systematically examines policy related to air, water, and nature/biodiversity as well as the interface between environmental policy and economic policy, social policy, and specific sectors. It finds that while Canada has made satisfactory progress since 1985, there are still significant challenges, and the report makes specific recommendations for more use of economic instruments and use of the polluter and user pays principles, rationalising water governance, strengthening nature protection, reducing energy intensity, implementing climate change policies, reviewing environmentally related taxes, and implementing marine and aid commitments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107786-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 69
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    Human Resources in Science and Technology in India and the International Mobility of Highly Skilled Indians (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/07
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; India
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides estimates of the stocks and flows of human resources in science and technology (HRST) in India, and their breakdown by education and occupation. Furthermore, the paper provides estimates of the number of highly skilled people moving to India and out of India during the 1990s, mainly to the United States. This part of the study also includes a brief, critical overview of Indian concerns on policy matters pertaining to various forms of migration of highly skilled professionals. Regarding the stocks of highly skilled people in India, the paper estimates that in 1991, between 13 and 16 million people in India could be classified as HRST because of their qualification, a number which had grown to approximately 25 million in 2000. When expressed as a percentage of the population aged 15-64, this meant an increase of more than one percentage point, from between 2.5% and 3% in 1991 to just over 4% in 2000. In 1991, 10.2 million people could be categorised as HRST because ...
    DOI: 10.1787/166337306371
    URL: Volltext
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  • 70
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    Test No. 218: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070264
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 218; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 218: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment - water systems. The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070264-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 71
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    Business Dynamics in Europe (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/01
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This study presents evidence on firm entry and exit, growth and survival derived with new data from Eurostat, covering nine European Union member countries. One contribution of the study is an analysis of the role of data quality for studies of firm demographics. Confronting results obtained with the Eurostat data with those of a previous OECD cross-country firm-level data project reveals that different size thresholds and difficulties in distinguishing genuine firm entry and exit from mergers & acquisitions, ownership changes or changes in legal form can have sizeable impacts on results. Cross-country differences in firm entry and exit rates are analysed with a special emphasis on detailed information and communication technology (ICT) related sectors, which has not been possible with previously available cross-country data. After controlling for some basic factors, such as countries’ industry composition, crosscountry differences in entry and exit rates in mature sectors turn out ...
    DOI: 10.1787/250652270238
    URL: Volltext
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  • 72
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    Test No. 432: In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071162
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 432; Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline describes a method to evaluate photo-cytotoxicity by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the chemical in the presence versus absence of light. Balb/c 3T3 cells are maintained in culture for 24 h for formation of monolayers. Two 96-well plates are pre-incubated with eight different concentrations of the test substance for 1 h. Thereafter one of the two plates is exposed to the highest non-cytotoxic irradiation dose whereas the other plate is kept in the dark. Cytotoxicity in this test is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the Vital dye Neutral Red (NR) when measured 24 hours after treatment with the test chemical and irradiation. NR penetrates cell membranes by non-diffusion, accumulating in lysosomes. Alterations of the cell surface of the sensitive lysosomal membrane lead to lysosomal fragility and other changes that gradually become irreversible. Such changes result in a decreased uptake and binding of NR. It is thus possible to distinguish between viable, damaged or dead cells. To predict the phototoxic potential, the concentration responses obtained in the presence and in the absence of irradiation are compared, usually at the IC50 level, i.e., the concentration reducing cell viability to 50 % compared to the untreated controls. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071162-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 73
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    Test No. 220: Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070301
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 220; Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 220: Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil. Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into an artificial soil. Ten worms are randomly allocated to each test vessel. A range-finding test should be used, for two weeks, in case of no sufficient information. The duration of the definitive test is six weeks. At the end the total number of juveniles produced by parent animal and the survival of parent animals are assessed. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. The study report should include the adult morphological changes, the number of offspring. The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070301-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 74
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    Biotechnology Statistics in OECD Member Countries : An Inventory (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/08
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This document reflects recent efforts made by the OECD to obtain an accurate assessment of the current state of biotechnology statistics in OECD member and observer countries. It is an update of the original document, which was released in 2000. The inventory was prepared by Brigitte van Beuzekom of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, and benefited from contributions of the delegates involved in the OECD Ad hoc Meeting on Biotechnology Statistics. Comments are welcome and should be sent by e-mail to Brigitte van Beuzekom [e-mail: brigitte.vanbeuzekomoecd.org] ...
    DOI: 10.1787/304575100848
    URL: Volltext
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  • 75
    Buch
    Buch
    Spatial analysis of childhood mortality in West Africa (2003)
    Calverton, Md.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: XIX, 44 S , graph. Darst., Kt
    Serie: DHS geographic studies 1
    Serie: Measure DHS+
    Serie: DHS geographic studies
    DDC: 304.6/40830966
    RVK:
    MS 4150
    Schlagwort(e): Kindersterblichkeit ; Regionales Cluster ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Westafrika ; Children Mortality ; Child Mortality ; Infant Mortality ; Demography ; Environment ; Graue Literatur ; Buch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Buch
    GBV
    BVB
    Bayreuth UB
  • 76
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    Performing Transversally: Reimagining Shakespeare and the Critical Future (2003)
    New York : Palgrave Macmillan US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781137107640
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 319 p)
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Literature ; Environment ; Theater ; Theater History ; Literature, Modern ; Poetry ; British literature ; Environmental sciences. ; Theater-History.
    Kurzfassung: Performing Transversally expands on Bryan Reynolds' controversial transversal theory in exciting ways while offering groundbreaking analyses of Shakespeare's plays - Hamlet , Othello , Macbeth , Taming of the Shrew , Titus Andronicus , Henry V , The Tempest , and Coriolanus - and textual, filmic, and theatrical adaptations of them. With his collaborators, Reynolds challenges traditional readings of Shakespeare, re-evaluating the critical methodologies that characterize them, in regard to issues of cultural difference, authorship, representation, agency, and iconography. Reynolds demonstrates the value of his 'investigative-expansive mode,' outlining a 'transversal poetics' that points toward a critical future that is more aware of its subjective interconnectedness with the topics and audiences it seeks to engage than is reflected in most Shakespeare criticism and literary-cultural scholarship
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-137-10764-0
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 77
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    Land Allocation in Vietnam's Agrarian Transition (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Ravallion, Martin Land Allocation in Vietnam's Agrarian Transition
    Schlagwort(e): Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing ; Allocation ; Climate Change ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Contract ; Cost ; Economics ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Forestry ; Historical Context ; Labor ; Land ; Land Use and Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market ; Market Economy ; Municipal Housing ; Political Economy ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Price Variation ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Urban Development ; Urban Housing
    Kurzfassung: While liberalizing key factor markets is a crucial step in the transition from a socialist control-economy to a market economy, the process can be stalled by imperfect information, high transaction costs, and covert resistance from entrenched interests. Ravallion and van de Walle study land-market adjustment in the wake of Vietnam's reforms aiming to establish a free market in land-use rights following de-collectivization. Inefficiencies in the initial administrative allocation are measured against an explicit counterfactual market solution. The authors' tests using a farm-household panel data set spanning the reforms suggest that land allocation responded positively but slowly to the inefficiencies of the administrative allocation. They find no sign that the transition favored the land rich or that it was thwarted by the continuing power over land held by local officials. This paper—a joint product of the Poverty Team and the Public Services Team, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the welfare impacts of major policy reforms
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 78
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    The Poverty/Environment Nexus in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic (2003)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Dasgupta, Susmita The Poverty/Environment Nexus in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Environment ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Living Conditions ; Ministry of Health ; Natural Resource ; Natural Resources ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Pollution ; Poor People ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Kurzfassung: Environmental degradation can inflict serious damage on poor people because their livelihoods often depend on natural resource use and their living conditions may offer little protection from air, water, and soil pollution. At the same time, poverty-constrained options may induce the poor to deplete resources and degrade the environment at rates that are incompatible with long-term sustainability. In such cases, degraded resources may precipitate a downward spiral, by further reducing the income and livelihoods of the poor. This "poverty/environment nexus" has become a major issue in the recent literature on sustainable development. In regions where the nexus is significant, jointly addressing problems of poverty and environmental degradation may be more cost-effective than addressing them separately. Empirical evidence on the prevalence and importance of the poverty/environment nexus is sparse because the requisite data are often difficult to obtain in developing countries. The authors use newly available spatial and survey data to investigate the spatial dimension of the nexus in Cambodia, and Lao People's Democratic Republic. The data enable the authors to quantify several environmental problems at the district and provincial level. In a parallel exercise, they map the provincial distribution of poor households. Merging the geographic information on poverty and the environment, the authors search for the nexus using geo-referenced indicator maps and statistical analysis. The results suggest that the nexus is country-specific: geographical, historical, and institutional factors may all play important roles in determining the relative importance of poverty and environment links in different contexts. Joint implementation of poverty and environment strategies may be cost-effective for some environmental problems, but independent implementation may be preferable in many cases as well. Since the search has not revealed a common nexus, the authors conclude on a cautionary note. The evidence suggests that the nexus concept can provide a useful catalyst for country-specific work, but not a general formula for program design. This paper—a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group—is part of a larger effort in the group to understand poverty/environment links in different contexts
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 79
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    Economic Models of Climate Change : A Critique (2003)
    London : Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9780230509467
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 203 p, online resource)
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Serie: Palgrave Economics & Finance Collection
    Serie: Springer ebook collection / Palgrave Economics and Finance Collection 2000 - 2013
    Paralleltitel: Printed edition
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als DeCanio, Stephen J., 1942 - Economic models of climate change
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Klimaschutz ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Wirtschaftsmodell ; USA ; Environmental policy Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climate change ; Political economy ; Environment ; Environmental policy ; Environmental economics ; International economic relations. ; Climatology. ; Bibliographie enthalten ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltökonomie
    Kurzfassung: The climate policy debate has been dominated by economic estimates of the costs of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Yet the models used to derive those estimates are based on assumptions that have largely gone untested. The conventional approach embodies structural features that rule out alternative market outcomes. In addition, the distribution of 'climate rights' is crucial to determining the economic affects of various policies. Bringing these considerations to the forefront shows how domestic and international policy solutions might be found
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cover; Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; Acknowledgments; 1 An Overview of the Issues; 2 The Representation of Consumers' Preferences and Market Demand; 3 The Treatment of Time; 4 The Representation of Production; 5 The Forecasting Performance of Energy-Economic Models; 6 Principles for the Future; Notes; References; Index;
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-194) and index
    DOI: 10.1057/9780230509467
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Cover
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  • 80
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    Online-Ressource
    Tapping the Market : The Challenge of Institutional Reform in the Urban Water Sector (2003)
    London : Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 9781403990129
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 210 p, online resource)
    Serie: Role of Government in Adjusting Economies
    Serie: The Role of Government in Adjusting Economies
    Serie: SpringerLink
    Serie: Bücher
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Serie: Palgrave Economics & Finance Collection
    Serie: Springer ebook collection / Palgrave Economics and Finance Collection 2000 - 2013
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Printed edition
    RVK:
    QR 600
    RVK:
    RB 10363
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Water utilities ; Municipal corporations ; Water-supply ; Public policy ; Hydrogeology ; Water pollution ; Environmental policy ; Development economics ; Economic development ; Pollution. ; Geology. ; Political planning. ; Entwicklungsländer ; Stadt ; Wasserversorgung
    Kurzfassung: This book examines the challenge of reform of the urban water supply sector in developing countries, based on case studies of state-owned water companies in Ghana, India, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. The growing public private partnership for urban water supply is analyzed, focussing on the concession contract model. The implications for meeting the water needs of the urban poor, for the regulatory role of the state and for state capacity building are also discussed
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cover; Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; List of Boxes; List of Acronyms and Abbreviations; Preface; 1 Reform of the Urban Water Sector and the Role of Government; 2 The Structure and Performance of Urban Water Utilities; 3 Explanations of Performance and Reform Responses; 4 The Spectrum of Public Private Partnerships; 5 The Challenge of the Concession Model; 6 Addressing the Water Needs of the Urban Poor; 7 Regulating and Enabling the Direct Providers; 8 Taking Account of Capacity; 9 Reforming Urban Water Sector Reform; References; Index
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-201) and index
    DOI: 10.1057/9781403990129
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
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  • 81
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    Environmental Risks and Insurance : A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Insurance in the Management of Environment-Related Risks (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105522
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Policy Issues in Insurance no.6
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Assurance et risques environnementaux; Une analyse comparative du rôle de l'assurance dans la gestion des risques liés à l'environnement
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Riesgos Ambientales y Seguros ; Un análisis comparativo del papel de los seguros en la gestión de riesgos relacionados con el medio ambiente
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: From the increasing incidence of environmental pollution and soil contamination, to recurring natural disasters, the risks posed by the constant interaction between human activities and the environment are diverse, manifold and often catastrophic in their consequences. Therefore, the elaboration of effective risk-management plans, aimed at formulating viable response strategies, requires the contribution of all the economic actors involved: private parties, financial institutions, governments and international organizations. This report focuses on the role of insurance and reinsurance companies in the management of environmental risks - environmental pollution risk and natural catastrophe risk in particular. It discusses the issue of insurability of such risks, analyses the increasing risk of liability for environmental pollution and the underlying trends in the development of environmental liability regimes in OECD countries. It also presents an overview of the various environmental pollution insurance products and techniques developed in response to legal and factual evolutions. In addition, it describes the special features of natural catastrophe risks, the role of traditional insurance markets in the coverage of such perils, and alternative options of coverage, from governmental disaster schemes to new financial market instruments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105522-en
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  • 82
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    The Environmental Performance of Public Procurement : Issues of Policy Coherence (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101562
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La performance environnementale des marchés publics ; Vers des politiques cohérentes
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La performance environnementale des marchés publics : Vers des politiques cohérentes
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental policy OECD countries ; Congresses ; Government purchasing Environmental aspects ; OECD countries ; Congresses ; Green products OECD countries ; Congresses ; Environment ; Governance ; Öffentliche Beschaffung ; Umweltschutz
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, a significant number of OECD member countries have introduced initiatives to reduce the environmentally damaging effects of public procurement. Many countries have introduced "greener public purchasing" (GPP) policies in order to increase the recycled content of products or achieve specified levels of energy efficiency in capital equipment. This book examines these issues in detail. It is the outcome of a Workshop on "Greener Public Purchasing", held at the Austrian Ministry of the Environment in Vienna in October 2001.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101562-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 83
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    The e-Government Imperative (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101197
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (204 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD e-Government Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'administration électronique; un impératif
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'administration électronique: un impératif
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: E-government is more about government than about “e”. The spread of new information and communication technologies has spurred major changes at all levels of society and notably in citizen expectations. Governments have also been integrating those technologies into work practices to keep pace and enhance the policy outcomes, service quality, and responsiveness to citizens that determine their effectiveness. E-government initiatives can bolster government effectiveness in important ways like facilitating cross-agency cooperation on complex problems, fostering a customer focus for services, and building relationships with private sector partners. Delay in implementing e-government reforms can thus handicap economic development in this increasingly competitive, rapidly changing world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101197-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 84
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    OCSE Rapporti Sulle Performance Ambientali: Italia 2002 (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264099098
    Sprache: Italienisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (194 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Rapporto sulle performance ambientali
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Italy 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Italie 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Italy 2002
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Italie 2002
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: Temi trattati : Gestione dell’ambiente Gestione dell’aria, dell’acqua e dei rifiuti Protezione della natura e della biodiversità Economia, società e ambiente Integrazione settoriale: trasporti Cooperazione internazionale Esami recenti disponibili Messico 1998 Australia 1998 Svizzera 1998 Belgio 1998 Repubblica ceca 1999 Danimarca 1999 Federazione della Russia* 1999 Turchia 1999 Ungheria 2000 Grecia 2000 Irlanda 2000 Lussemburgo 2000 Paesi dell’OCSE 2001 Germania 2001 Islanda 2001 Norvegia 2001 Portogallo 2001 Repubblica slovacca 2002 Giappone 2002 Regno Unito 2002 Italia 2002 La presente pubblicazione fa parte del programma di esami condotti dall’OCSE sulle performance ambientali di ogni Paese Membro. Sono esaminati in modo dettagliato gli sforzi compiuti per raggiungere gli obiettivi nazionali e per rispondere agli impegni internazionali. Le analisi si appoggiano su un vasto insieme di dati economici e ambientali e sboccano su raccomandazioni su i progressi da compiere nel campo dell’ambiente e dello sviluppo sostenibile. Il primo ciclo di Esami delle performance ambientali dei Paesi Membri si è concluso nel 2000. * Paese non membro dell’OCSE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264099098-it
    URL: Volltext
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  • 85
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    Guidance for the Preparation of GLP Inspection Reports (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078697
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.9
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Directives pour la préparation de rapports d'inspection en matière de BPL
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Directives pour la préparation de rapports d'inspection en matière de BPL
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document suggests elements and/or concepts that can contribute to a useful report of a Good Laboratory Practice inspection and study audit. It may be used by Member countries as a component of their compliance monitoring programme.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078697-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 86
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    Online-Ressource
    Compliance of Laboratory Suppliers with GLP Principles (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078611
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Serie: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.5
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Respect des principes de BPL par les fournisseurs d'équipements de laboratoire
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Respect des principes de BPL par les fournisseurs d'équipements de laboratoire
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This document offers advice to both test facility management and suppliers as to how they might meet GLP requirements through national accreditation schemes and/or working to formal national or international standards, or by adopting other measures which may be appropriate to a particular product.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078611-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 87
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    Online-Ressource
    OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators : A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019119
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Serie: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité ; Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators; A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Document d'orientation de l'OCDE sur les indicateurs de performance en matière de sécurité : Document d'accompagnement des Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators: A Companion to the OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (Chinese version)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators provides a systemic approach to measuring the success of stakeholders' chemical safety programmes by detailing targets, activity indicators and outcome indicators. It also provides flexibility for groups to design programmes to assess their own performance related to the prevention of, preparedness for, and response to chemical accidents. The SPI (Safety Performance Indicators) serves as a guide to help industry, authorities and communities measure the extent to which actions help improve chemical safety.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019119-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
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    OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101821
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Serie: Series on Chemical Accidents
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response; (Chinese version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Principes directeurs de l'OCDE pour la prévention, la préparation et l'intervention en matière d'accidents chimiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response: (Chinese version)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: This second comprehensive edition of these Principles is to help public authorities, industry and communities worldwide anticipate accidents involving hazardous substances resulting from technological and natural disasters, as well as sabotage. It addresses the following issues: preventing the occurrence of chemical accidents and near-misses; preparing for accidents through emergency planning, public communication, etc.; responding to accidents and minimising their adverse effects; and following-up to accidents, regarding clean-up, reporting and investigation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101821-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
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    Comparing Labour Productivity Growth in the OECD Area : The Role of Measurement (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/14
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines how measurement problems affect international comparisons of labour productivity. It suggests that these measurement problems do not significantly affect the assessment of aggregate productivity patterns in the OECD area. However, these problems do influence the more detailed assessment of productivity growth, notably the role of specific sectors and demand components in aggregate performance. The paper shows that there are only a few significant problems regarding the comparability of nominal GDP across OECD countries, the most important being the treatment of software investment. In most cases, efforts are underway to reduce the size of these differences. Measurement differences for real GDP are also important, although several of these factors have impacts that work in different directions. Moreover, several of these problems primarily affect the distribution of total GDP across different expenditure categories and across different activities, not necessarily ...
    DOI: 10.1787/126534183836
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
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    Online-Ressource
    Biotechnology Indicators and Public Policy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/05
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Indicateurs des biotechnologies et politiques publiques
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This working paper provides input and a framework for a broader discussion of the identification of user needs that should inform the development of biotechnology statistics and indicators. This document identifies and evaluates the main types of indicators that may be required to inform policy actions. Given the embryonic state of biotechnology, the main focus for policy is on S&T policies where four main types of S&T policies – supporting biotechnology research, diffusing biotechnology knowledge and expertise, commercialising biotechnology research and encouraging the adoption (application and use) of biotechnology – are used as a framework for developing relevant statistics. In addition to more generic S&T polices, the paper explores the development of indicators by major application area – agriculture, health, industrial processing and environmental applications. The paper includes both an evaluation of how existing indicators can be used, and the types of new indicators that ...
    DOI: 10.1787/262776281580
    URL: Volltext
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  • 91
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    Seizing the Benefits of ICT in a Digital Economy (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.72
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mettre les TIC à profit dans une économie numérique
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Seizing the Benefits of ICT in a Digital Economy revisits ICT's contribution to economic performance using new and more recent data to assess the degree to which the findings that appeared valid at the end of 2000 remain intact. This new report also examines whether the policy conclusions from the previous OECD work require adjustment in the current economic environment, and what measures OECD governments should take to seize the benefits of ICT. The findings and policy implications of the work are summarised in this report; they reaffirm and elaborate those of the OECD Growth Study.
    DOI: 10.1787/233143713543
    URL: Volltext
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  • 92
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : United States (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/12
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; United States
    Kurzfassung: The United States has the oldest and most developed venture capital industry in the OECD. Several successful high-technology companies in computers and communications, as well as in healthrelated sectors and services, were venture-backed. Young high-growth firms also benefit from a continuum of complementary finance from business angels, institutional investors and second-tier stock markets. The government played an active role in the early phases of the venture capital industry through the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program and various technology development schemes. A reduction in capital gains tax rates and liberalisation of rules for pension fund investments in risky assets in the late 1970s also unlocked new capital sources. Venture capital activity, however, has been quite cyclical. Periods of high fund-raising and investment in the 1980s and 1990s were followed by market downturns with negative effects on small firm survival and growth. Fundamental structural ...
    DOI: 10.1787/412177706602
    URL: Volltext
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  • 93
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : Spain (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/18
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: Spain's expanding venture capital market is still biased towards mature firms in traditional sectors with little investment in technology-based start-ups. Although the country has benefited from substantial inflows of foreign venture capital, steps are needed to increase domestic levels of entrepreneurship and risk investment expertise. The government maintains a number of small firms participatory loan schemes, which could be transformed into privately-managed equity programmes to attract venture investors. Restrictions relating to authorised venture investors and amounts could also be lightened. This paper analyses trends in Spanish venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/423325882343
    URL: Volltext
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  • 94
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    Carbon Dioxide Emissions Embodied in International Trade of Goods (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/15
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions that may be linked to climate change focus on six greenhouse gases (GHG). Carbon dioxide is by far the largest of these by volume, representing about 80% of the total emissions of these six gases. Almost all carbon dioxide is emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels and OECD countries account for over half of the total carbon dioxide emission in the world while an additional four countries (Brazil, China, India and Russia) together account for a further quarter of the global total. Many policies designed to reduce these emissions set emission reduction goals based on some previous level (e.g. 1990 in the case of Kyoto for many countries) which is used as a benchmark for success and compliance to the protocol. But changes in emissions at the national level can occur for many reasons: including the relocation of production abroad, and/or by import substitution. This may have a negligible impact on global emissions but, if ...
    DOI: 10.1787/421482436815
    URL: Volltext
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  • 95
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    Development of Wireless Local Area Networks in OECD Countries (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.71
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Wireless technology provides business executives, office workers, small businesses and residential users with expanded opportunities to connect to the Internet outside the limited area dictated by fixed networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/233145088433
    URL: Volltext
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  • 96
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    Online-Ressource
    Venture Capital Policies in Israel (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/03
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Israel
    Kurzfassung: Israel has a higher level of venture capital as a share of GDP than any OECD country. Most Israeli venture capital is channelled to early-stage companies, particularly start-ups in sectors based on information and communications technology (ICT) and biotechnology. The Israeli venture capital industry was built through government funding, particularly through the YOZMA group, which leveraged financing from foreign corporations and institutions. There is now a need for a change in tactics to maintain private venture funding for both portfolio and seed firms. While new incentives are being given to foreign investors, domestic venture investments could be encouraged through tax breaks, expanded opportunities for institutional investors, and reforms to the Israeli stock exchange. Israel needs to sustain growth in the venture sector while reducing dependence on a limited number of capital sources. This paper analyses trends in Israeli venture capital markets and makes policy ...
    DOI: 10.1787/585780028400
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  • 97
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : Portugal (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/19
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: The small Portuguese venture capital market is characterised by expansion-stage investments in manufacturing industries, primarily consumer goods. Government equity programmes, which have tended to be investment vehicles for European structural funds, have crowded out potential private investors. Recent initiatives, including a new venture captial law and a scheme aimed at leveraging private venture funding, should help stimulate venture activity. Measures are also needed to foster the emergence of more entrepreneurs, create a less risk-averse investment culture, and take fuller advantage of international venture capital flows. This paper analyses trends in Portuguese venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/613767247743
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  • 98
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    Venture Capital Policy Review : United Kingdom (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/01
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: Despite high levels of private equity financing in the United Kingdom, relatively little funding is reaching small, technology-based companies. Institutional investors, both domestic and foreign, remain focused on later-stage deals. The United Kingdom has implemented several policy initiatives to improve the access of small firms to equity financing, including generous tax incentives and support for business angel networks. However, problems persist in targeting financing to smaller enterprises, start-ups and outlying regions. A new policy approach, which follows the example of the United States, has recently been introduced. This combines government equity with private sector management to leverage private financing for small deal sizes and also eases rules on institutional investors. This paper analyses trends in UK venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/266158318353
    URL: Volltext
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  • 99
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    Venture Capital Policies in Canada (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 19 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/04
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Canada
    Kurzfassung: Canada has one of the highest levels of venture capital investment as a share of GDP among OECD countries. Between 1995 and 2001, Canada realised phenomenal growth in venture capital supply and the creation of over 200 new venture capital funds. However, the largest share of Canadian venture capital goes to follow-on funding of smaller firms -- rather than to new deals involving start-ups -- and to traditional manufacturing sectors. In the late 1990s, the Canadian government began attempts to diversify the sources of venture funds through liberalising rules for institutional and foreign investors, modifying tax incentives and introducing government equity funds. Foreign investors, particularly from the United States, are now the major players and are targeting their funding to technology-based start-ups. This paper analyses trends in Canadian venture capital markets and makes policy recommendations which have been developed through an OECD peer review process ...
    DOI: 10.1787/767750000035
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  • 100
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    Targeting R&D : Economic and Policy Implications of Increasing R&D Spending (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/08
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Objectif R-D : Les répercussions de l'accroissement des dépenses de R-D sur l'économie et l'action publique
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Setting R&D spending targets based on R&D intensities (GERD as a share of GDP) has been a part of science and technology policy in many OECD countries for at least 35 years. What is new is that the targeting of R&D has become more widespread and a more visible goal commanding considerable attention in high-level white papers, summits and policy proclamations. This paper examines the factors that have contributed to the growing popularity of these targets and analyses in more detail the economic and structural consequences of achieving the increased levels of R&D spending by looking at the profile of individual countries with a high R&D intensity and those countries who have achieved a recent significant gain in their intensity. It then traces some of the implications of a higher R&D intensity for the European Union: the R&D spending levels that would be required to meet the target announced by Ministers at the 2002 summit in Barcelona, the human resources needed to conduct this R&D ...
    DOI: 10.1787/072772055603
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