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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (15,074)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (14,107)
  • Bielefeld : transcript
  • Stanford, CA : Stanford Univ. Press
Datasource
Material
Language
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Bielefeld : transcript
    Language: German
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Rassismus
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wien : LIT | Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2004 -
    ISSN: 2702-9387
    Language: German , English
    Additional Material: CD-ROMs als Beil.
    Dates of Publication: 1.2004 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Habitat - international
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2749-9960 , 2749-9960 , 2749-9979
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 24 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Media in action
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Baden-Baden : Nomos, Ed. Sigma | Berlin : Ed. Sigma | Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.1997 -
    ISSN: 2702-9255 , 2702-9263
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1997 -
    Additional Information: 26=[1]; 66=2 von Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut WSI-Frauendatenreport Berlin : Ed. Sigma, 2000
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hans-Böckler-Stiftung Forschung aus der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 2 [?]-
    ISSN: 2941-069X , 2941-0703 , 2941-0703
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: Band 2 [?]-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Postcolonial writings
    DDC: 800
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Band 1 erscheint als ungezählte monografische Reihe
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Volume 1-
    ISSN: 2941-0258 , 2941-0266 , 2941-0266
    Language: English
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Volume 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Critical futures
    DDC: 420
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2703-125X , 2703-125X , 2703-1268
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Postmigrantische Studien
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2942-0326 , 2942-0334 , 2942-0334
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kritische Nachhaltigkeits- und Transformationsforschung
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Volume 1-
    ISSN: 2751-1545 , 2751-1545 , 2751-1553
    Language: English
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Volume 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Forced migration studies series
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2626-580X , 2702-9077 , 2702-9077
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Edition transcript
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0932-7983 , 2751-3866
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1987 - [2.]1988; 3.1989 - 4.1990; [5.]1991 - [7.]1993; 8.1994 - 16.2002; 2003 -
    Additional Information: Didaktische Handreichung Friedensgutachten ... didaktisch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Friedensgutachten ...
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    Keywords: Peace Periodicals ; Security, International Periodicals ; Disarmament Periodicals ; Germany (West) Periodicals Foreign relations ; Zeitschrift ; Ost-West-Konflikt ; Weltfriede ; Sicherheitspolitik ; Konfliktforschung ; Friedensforschung
    Note: Reihenfolge d. Urh. wechselt , Ersch. jährl. , Index 1987/2006 in: 20 Jahre Friedensgutachten, 2006
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; [Band 1]-
    ISSN: 2750-0969 , 2750-0977 , 2750-0977
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: [Band 1]-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Religion in Bewegung
    DDC: 230
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Zählung beginnt mit Band 2
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2011 -
    ISSN: 2702-9271 , 2702-928X
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.2011 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gesellschaft der Unterschiede
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2014 -
    ISSN: 2703-1640 , 2703-1659 , 2703-1659
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 24 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.2014 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sozial- und Kulturgeographie
    Former Title: Social and cultural geography
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Erscheint teilweise als ungezählte monographische Reihe , Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2703-0946 , 2703-0954
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Menschenrechte in der Medizin
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Medizin ; Menschenrecht
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2748-5714 , 2749-2028 , 2749-2028
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Re-Figuration von Räumen
    Former Title: Re-figuration of spaces
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2005 -
    ISSN: 2703-0911 , 2703-092X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als MedienWelten
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2015 -
    Language: German
    Pages: 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.2015 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Vadian lectures
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 35-
    ISSN: 2569-2240 , 2569-2240 , 2702-8984
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 35-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Edition Medienwissenschaft
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Anfangs ungezählte monografische Reihe; Bände nicht in chronologischer Reihenfolge erschienen
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Volume 2-
    ISSN: 2569-7900 , 2703-1039
    Language: English , German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Volume 2-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Neue Ökologie
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Band 2 in 2018, Band 1 in 2019 erschienen
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 2015 [?]-2018 ; 15-
    ISSN: 2702-945X , 2702-9468
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2015 [?]-2018 ; 15-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Human-animal studies
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Gesamttitel 2013-2017: Human-animals studies , Zählung beginnt mit Band 15, frühere Bände ungezählt
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  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2698-9220 , 2698-9220
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Medical humanities
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2749-0475 , 2749-0475 , 2749-201X
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gender, diversity and culture in history and politics
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 24
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Volume 1-
    ISSN: 2751-9619 , 2751-9619 , 2751-9627
    Language: English
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Volume 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The New Institute.Interventions
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 25
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2703-142X , 2703-142X , 2703-1438
    Language: German , English
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Religionswissenschaft
    DDC: 200
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 26
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2702-9182 , 2702-9190 , 2702-9190
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ethnografische Perspektiven auf das östliche Europa
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 27
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 2 [?]-
    ISSN: 2702-7910 , 2702-7910 , 2703-0326
    Language: German , English
    Pages: Bände , 24 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 2 [?]-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arbeit und Organisation
    DDC: 650
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 28
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 16-
    ISSN: 2512-4188 , 2747-3937 , 2747-3937
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 16-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Critical studies in media and communication
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Critical media studies
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Unter diesem Titel ist auch Band 14 des Vorgängers gezählt , Bände nicht in chronologischer Reihenfolge erschienen
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  • 29
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Volume 1-
    ISSN: 2699-7681 , 2699-7681 , 2747-3864
    Language: English , German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Volume 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bildungsforschung
    Former Title: Educational research
    DDC: 370
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 30
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 6 [?]-
    ISSN: 2702-4660 , 2703-0997
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 6 [?]-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Migration - Macht - Bildung
    Former Title: Migration - power - education
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Früher ungezählte monografische Reihe
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  • 31
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 18-
    ISSN: 2703-1004 , 2703-1004 , 2703-1012
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: 18-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Musik und Klangkultur
    DDC: 780
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Setzt die ungezählte Reihe Musik und Klangkultur fort , Teilweise Bände in der Zählung ausgelassen
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  • 32
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2701-0309 , 2702-9328
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global- und Kolonialgeschichte
    DDC: 900
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 33
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2748-7598 , 2749-2044 , 2749-2044
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Soziologie der Nachhaltigkeit
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 34
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2700-8193 , 2703-1357 , 2703-1357
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public history - Angewandte Geschichte
    DDC: 940
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 35
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2625-1957 , 2625-1957
    Language: German
    Pages: Bände , 19 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als 10 Minuten Soziologie
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 36
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Volume 1-
    ISSN: 2701-8970 , 2747-318X
    Language: English
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Volume 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The academy in exile book series
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 37
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Volume 1-
    ISSN: 2513-1672 , 2513-1672
    Language: English
    Pages: Bände , 24 cm
    Dates of Publication: Volume 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aesthetic practice
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 38
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2005 -
    ISSN: 2703-0911 , 2703-092X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als MedienWelten
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 39
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; 1.2014 -
    ISSN: 2703-1640 , 2703-1659 , 2703-1659
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 24 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.2014 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sozial- und Kulturgeographie
    Former Title: Social and cultural geography
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Erscheint teilweise als ungezählte monographische Reihe , Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 40
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Bielefeld : transcript ; Band 1-
    ISSN: 2511-7459 , 2511-7459 , 2702-9115
    Language: English
    Pages: Bände , 23 cm
    Dates of Publication: Band 1-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als EmotionsKulturen
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Equity ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Interventions ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policy Reforms
    Abstract: The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is facing economic challenges. The country is experiencing a growth slowdown with high levels of public debt. Growing current expenditure and debt service obligations amid sluggish tax revenue led to a widening fiscal deficit in the early 2010s, which remained high into the 2020s despite fiscal consolidation efforts. COVID-19 and deteriorating macroeconomic conditions have disrupted human capital investment and are expected to have worsened the incidence of poverty and inequality. Fiscal policy can be an instrument to address these challenges, but its role has been constrained by a precarious fiscal position. This report analyzes the distributive effects of the Lao fiscal system and potential reforms to address current economic challenges. The analysis adopts the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) methodology to assess the distributional impact of the Lao fiscal system on household welfare. The methodology disaggregates income to include or exclude fiscal interventions to analyze the impact of the fiscal system and each intervention on poverty and inequality. Fiscal interventions can be classified into three categories according to how they are imposed on households: direct interventions (direct taxes, social security contributions, and cash transfers), indirect interventions (indirect taxes and subsidies), and in-kind interventions (public health and education). The framework assesses how progressive a fiscal system and each fiscal intervention are and measures their impacts on poverty and inequality
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Damages ; Earthquake ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Herat Province ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: Following the Herat province (Western Afghanistan) earthquake sequence of October 7 to 15, 2023, the World Bank carried out a remote desk-based assessment of the physical damages using the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The objective of the assessment is to develop a model-based estimate of the direct physical (economic) damages to residential buildings (houses), non-residential buildings (e.g., education, health, worship, commercial, industrial assets) and infrastructure (e.g., transport, power, water, telecommunications), and to evaluate the spatial distribution of damages in order to support the development of a roadmap for recovery and reconstruction. This report summarizes the key findings of the assessment
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 pages)
    Series Statement: International Debt Report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Bonds ; Creditor ; Data ; Debt ; Debtor ; Developing ; Development ; Economic ; FDI ; Finance ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Government ; Interest Payments ; Interest Rates ; Loans ; Maturity ; Principal ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Statistics
    Abstract: The International Debt Report (IDR) is a longstanding annual publication of the World Bank featuring external debt statistics and analysis for the 122 countries that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDR 2023 is the 50th annual edition and includes (1) analyses of external debt stocks and flows as of end-2022 for these countries; (2) the macroeconomic and debt outlook for 2023 and beyond; (3) a focus on improved public debt transparency and the quality of debt reporting; (4) a discussion of the need for innovative approaches to debt management; (5) a commentary on how the International Debt Statistics database serves as an indispensable resource for researchers and policy makers; and (6) a one-page snapshot of relevant debt indicators and summary of debt stocks and flows for six years (2010 and 2018-22) for each country, plus global income group and regional aggregates. Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDR 2023 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For more information on IDR 2023 and related products, please visit the World Bank's Debt Statistics website at www.worldbank.org/debtstatistics
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Anchoring and Mooring ; Energy ; Energy Resources Development ; Energy Yield ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Floating Solar Photovoltaics ; FSPV Ecosystem ; HSE ; Inverter ; Power Plants
    Abstract: This report builds a compelling case for India to look beyond land and institute an ecosystem that supports the installation and operationalization of floating solar photovoltaics (FSPV) power plants. Since these plants are installed on the underutilized surfaces of large water bodies, no land needs to be diverted from other uses. The installation of FSPVs also spurs job creation and catalyzes the development of a domestic value chain as some of the components, such as floaters, need to bemanufactured close to installation sites. They also provide a range of other benefits as they generate relatively more power than ground-mounted solar plants (due to the cooling effect of water) and better utilize shared infrastructure such as transmission systems, wherever available
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Crisis ; Sahel ; Shocks ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The Sahel region of Africa faces multiple crises, which further compound structural economic and human development challenges. The Sahel is one of the world's poorest regions and displays some of the lowest levels of human capital globally. Violence and insecurity in the Sahel have significantly increased in the past decade, with several countries experiencing active armed conflict and unrest. The impacts of climate change compound existing vulnerabilities and risks. Finally, the external shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have impacted the Sahel, eroding purchasing power and aggravating poverty. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. ASP has emerged as a flexible and dynamic approach to social protection during the past decade. It combines and exploits synergies between social protection, disaster risk management (DRM), and climate change adaptation. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. The Sahel's vulnerability and exposure to shocks and crises is set to increase with accelerating climate change, calling for a shift from often externally funded, ad hoc responses toward building sustainable, government-led system. Over the past decade, ASP has been on a remarkable trajectory in the Sahel, and this is an appropriate time to take stock of the situation. This report provides an overview of the state of ASP across six Sahelian countries - Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal - as well as a set of recommendations for actions to strengthen the adaptiveness and responsiveness of existing systems to shocks
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9783837669039 , 3837669033
    Language: English
    Pages: 264 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme , 22.5 cm x 14.8 cm, 438 g
    Series Statement: Forced migration studies series volume 3
    Series Statement: Forced migration studies series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mokre, Monika In/Visibility of Flight
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als In/Visibility of Flight
    DDC: 300
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9783837672053 , 3837672050
    Language: German
    Pages: 620 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme , 24 cm x 15.5 cm, 1008 g
    Series Statement: Global- und Kolonialgeschichte Band 21
    Series Statement: Global- und Kolonialgeschichte
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kilian, Jürgen, 1973 - Des Kaisers Gouverneure
    Dissertation note: Habilitationsschrift Universität Bayreuth 2023
    DDC: 900
    RVK:
    Keywords: Colonialism & imperialism ; European history ; Europäische Geschichte ; General & world history ; Geschichte allgemein und Weltgeschichte ; HISTORY / Europe / Germany ; Kolonialismus und Imperialismus ; Administration ; Africa ; Afrika ; Colonialism ; Deutsche Geschichte ; Deutschland ; German Empire ; German history ; Germany ; Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Global History ; Globalgeschichte ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Als "Stellvertreter des Kaisers" standen die Gouverneure an der Spitze der kolonialen Verwaltungsapparate in Afrika und Ozeanien. Sie waren somit eine der wichtigsten Akteursgruppen bei der Konsolidierung der europäischen Herrschaft und der Realisierung imperialer Zielsetzungen. Jürgen Kilian nimmt 25 Gouverneure im Rahmen eines kollektivbiographischen Ansatzes in den Blick. Dabei untersucht er ihre während der Sozialisation im Kaiserreich erzeugten Denkweisen und Handlungsdispositionen, ihre Deutungsmuster angesichts der Landschaften und Menschen in den Kolonien sowie die Bandbreite gouvernementaler Herrschaftspraktiken im Kontext von kolonialer Staatlichkeit - ein einzigartiger Einblick in die Elite der deutschen Kolonialverwaltung
    URL: Cover  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases ; Education ; Health Policy and Management ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Job Skills ; Labor Market Policy and Programs ; Reproductive Health ; Social Protections and Labor ; Social Safety Nets
    Abstract: The report is structured as follows. Chapter 1 discusses the labor market constraints facing different segments of the working-age population, which can inform how to make work attractive. Chapter 2 explores the factors that are discouraging older people from re-entering the labor market and the need to optimize pension design to promote healthier and longer working lives. Chapter 3 explores ways to enhance human capital formation through the lifecycle, starting with early childcare and education, followed by upper secondary school, secondary VET, tertiary education, TVET and adult training. Chapter 4 identifies the enabling conditions needed to ensure that net migration can have a positive impact on the growth of economic participation and productivity. Chapter 5 focuses on ways to leverage public-private partnerships to providetraining and activation services and on how ALMPs could best be used to increase labor market participation. Finally, Chapter 6 explores the role that social protection can play in stimulating participation in the labor market
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Climate Action ; Formal Land Registries ; Land Institutions ; Land Policies ; Rural Transformation ; Sustainable Urbanization
    Abstract: African countries' ability to create productive jobs and to effectively confront the challenges of climate change will depend on land policies that promote investment, market participation, and taxation of private land to be able to provide essential public goods and services. However, high cost of land registration together with unrealistic land use regulations and opaque public land management impede land and financial market functioning in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, undermining trust in the state, capacity for own source revenue generation, and agricultural intensification. This report discusses how African countries can take advantage of digital interoperability, remote sensing, and connectivity to reduce urban informality and improve the functioning of land and mortgage markets. This will strengthen the social contract, and provide growth-enhancing public services; recognize, demarcate, and register (digital) use rights to customary land to improve the functioning of rural factor markets; and sustainably manage public land in a way that is competitive and ensures continued provision of public goods to future generations
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Broadband ; Data Governance ; Digital Divide ; Digital Infrastructure ; Digital Platforms ; Digital Technologies ; Digitalization ; Information
    Abstract: Digitalization is the transformational opportunity of our time. The digital sector has become a powerhouse of innovation, economic growth, and job creation. Value added in the IT services sector grew at 8 percent annually during 2000-22, nearly twice as fast as the global economy. Employment growth in IT services reached 7 percent annually, six times higher than total employment growth. The diffusion and adoption of digital technologies are just as critical as their invention. Digital uptake has accelerated since the COVID-19 pandemic, with 1.5 billion new internet users added from 2018 to 2022. The share of firms investing in digital solutions around the world has more than doubled from 2020 to 2022. Low-income countries, vulnerable populations, and small firms, however, have been falling behind, while transformative digital innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) have been accelerating in higher-income countries. Although more than 90 percent of the population in high-income countries was online in 2022, only one in four people in low-income countries used the internet, and the speed of their connection was typically only a small fraction of that in wealthier countries. As businesses in technologically advanced countries integrate generative AI into their products and services, less than half of the businesses in many low- and middle-income countries have an internet connection. The growing digital divide is exacerbating the poverty and productivity gaps between richer and poorer economies. The Digital Progress and Trends Report series will track global digitalization progress and highlight policy trends, debates, and implications for low- and middle-income countries. The series adds to the global efforts to study the progress and trends of digitalization in two main ways: -- By compiling, curating, and analyzing data from diverse sources to present a comprehensive picture of digitalization in low- and middle-income countries, including in-depth analyses on understudied topics. -- By developing insights on policy opportunities, challenges, and debates and reflecting the perspectives of various stakeholders and the World Bank's operational experiences. This report, the first in the series, aims to inform evidence-based policy making and motivate action among internal and external audiences and stakeholders. The report will bring global attention to high-performing countries that have valuable experience to share as well as to areas where efforts will need to be redoubled
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Di Maio, Michele News Sentiment in Destination Countries and Migration Choices: Evidence from Libya
    Keywords: Communities and Human Settlements ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Labor Markets ; Migration ; News Sentiment ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Changes in the sentiment of migration-related news published in destination countries affect the timing of migrants' journeys to these countries. Using geo-localized data on migrants in Libya and the complete record of news articles in their country of destination, this paper shows that a worsening news sentiment leads to migrants staying longer in Libya, slowing down their journeys to their final destinations. The paper validates these results by showing that the effect is concentrated in locations with internet connections. The results indicate that changes in news sentiment have a significant impact only for some groups of migrants and under specific conditions, suggesting a limited effect on overall migrant movements. Finally, the paper provides suggestive evidence that a worsening news sentiment in the preferred destination induces substitution across destination countries, yet it does not make migrants return to their country of origin
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Decent Work and Economic Growth ; Early Childhood Education ; Education ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Primary Education ; Quality Education ; SDG 4 ; SDG 8
    Abstract: As Malaysia strives to become a high-income economy, the need for advanced and specialized skills will be crucial to maintain its economic competitiveness. Sophisticated skills, whether cognitive, technical or socio-emotional, are built on strong foundational skills. Malaysia has expanded early childhood education and achieved near universal primary education with remarkable equity in resources and student experiences. Part 1 of this Malaysia Economic Monitor (MEM) presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part 2 begins by outlining the learning outcomes challenge and identifying the bottlenecks that the Malaysian education system faces in improving learning outcomes. This section attempts to understand why overall learning outcomes in Malaysia are low relative to expectation, with low-income students doing especially poorly. Reflecting this, the special thematic topic identifies the steps that can be taken to improving foundational skills and learning outcomes in Malaysia
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Adolescent Girls ; Economic Growth ; Family Planning ; Gender ; Gender Equality ; Good Health and Well-Being ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Labor Markets ; Reproductive Health ; SDG 3 ; SDG 5
    Abstract: Adolescence is a dynamic period of biological development and social change, and also a period when adolescent girls are at risk of school dropout, early marriage, pregnancy, and gender-based violence. Adolescents have the highest unmet need for family planning in Bangladesh, and married adolescents have a significantly lower contraceptive prevalence rate than other age groups, leading to a high adolescent fertility rate. The Government of Bangladesh developed a national strategy for adolescent health 2017-2030 and a costed action plan to improve adolescent health, including sexual and reproductive health. The Strategy addresses overall health needs of adolescents, including menstrual hygiene management, prevention of violence and mental health. The Government of Bangladesh is currently implementing the 4th Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Program which includes support for a school-based adolescent health and nutrition program. Furthermore, programme implementers often work in silos and focus on single platforms, id est at the health facility, school, or community levels. Presently adolescents receive sexual and reproductive health information and services largely from private sector providers with variable quality
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Law and Justice Study
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Female ; Finance and Development ; Gender ; Genital Mutilation ; Human Rights ; Law and Development ; Violence Against Women ; Women's Rights
    Abstract: In 2012 and in 2018, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolutions urging the international community to intensify global efforts to eliminate female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). It also called upon "States, the United Nations system, civil society and all stakeholders to continue to observe 6 February as the International Day of Zero Tolerance for FGM/C and to use the day to enhance awareness raising campaigns and to take concrete actions against female genital mutilations". FGM/C is an extreme type of violence against women and girls which impairs their development potential and impacts the societies in which they live and work, their children, their families and ultimately their countries. FGM/C also undermines the World Bank's efforts to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. Women and girls affected by FGM/C may not be able to reach their full personal, productive and professional potential. FGM/C causes a large number of physical and psychological problems and complications and can even lead to death. It imposes unnecessary suffering and prolonged pain. The international community recognized that FGM/C is an important development challenge that affects more than 200 million women and girls in the world. Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls) includes a target on eliminating all harmful practices against women, such as female genital mutilation by 2030 (target 5.3). This eighth edition describes the international and regional instruments that address FGM/C as well as the national legislations adopted to outlaw FGM/C. This is a practical online tool to empower those fighting FGM/C
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Climate Change Impacts ; Employment Growth ; Fiscal Consolidation ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Western Balkans
    Abstract: Economic growth in the Western Balkans slowed to 2.6 percent in 2023, from the 3.4 percent reached in 2022, reflecting the impact of a weak European economy weighed down by sequential shocks. Overall, the WB6 region has experienced a rise in total hours worked driven by employment growth and labor force expansion, especially driven by women joining the labor force. Poverty in the Western Balkans returned to its declining trend during 2023, but at a slower pace than pre-pandemic. A robust fiscal performance and solid rate of gross domestic product (GDP) growth led to a fall in debt as a share of GDP. After increasing to levels not seen in several decades, inflation rates in the WB6 fell significantly during 2023. Growth projections for the medium term have increased slightly, reflecting cautious optimism that, having weathered a flurry of shocks over recent years, the Western Balkans is beginning to see a return to trend economic performance. However, while the WB6 region is expected to return on its pre-pandemic trend in 2024, this is insufficient to enable meaningful convergence with European Union (EU) income levels over the medium term. The spotlight in this edition of the Western Balkans Regular Economic Report focuses on the role of cities as engines of growth and leading actor in the green transition. This spotlight recommends action on three main fronts to make cities in the Western Balkans greener. First, it is crucial to reduce urban sprawl and make cities more compact. Second, cities must bring down their emissions, also because this will have immediate improvement on socio-economic and environmental outcomes. And third, cities must take actions to reduce extreme urban heat and enhance preparedness for it
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Digital Finance ; Digital Government ; Digital Manufacturing ; Digitization ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Natural Resources Management
    Abstract: With only 16 years remaining to achieve Uganda's Vision 2040, the digital transformation of the land sector is critical to accelerating social well-being and economic growth. Uganda has made notable progress on land sector reforms, such as establishing the Uganda National Land Information System (UgNLIS) and piloting an approach for systematic demarcation. However, challenges persist. Low levels of registered properties, cumbersome processes for sporadic land registration, and incomplete support systems to enable data transparency and accessibility, all contribute to the persistently limited digitalization. These challenges are compounded by population growth and internal migration, which drive complex, competing demands for land and are likely to increase the prevalence of land-related conflicts in the future. Digital transformation can unlock Uganda's land sector by accelerating systematic demarcation, enabling maintenance of the land registry and helping to establish supporting systems for data transparency and informed decision-making. This note offers key recommendations to update the legal and policy framework for the land sector; standardize, digitalize, and scale the registration of land rights, and; advance establishment of National Spatial Data Infrastructure
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Macroeconomic Analysis of Economic Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Latin America and the Caribbean region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage ; Climate Change ; Critical Care ; Disaster Risk Exposure ; Environment ; Groundwater ; Health Care Systems ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Irrigation and Drainage ; Natural Hazards
    Abstract: Health care systems are at the frontline of delivering critical care during emergencies, mitigating illnesses and deaths. Yet many countries struggle to meet even routine demands for health care. Climate change, disasters, pandemics, and demographic changes are bound to increase pressures on already strained health systems (Rentschler and others 2021). Preparing and equipping health systems to adequately respond to crises are vital to ensure sustained access to health services and to provide reliable essential health care that protects people's well-being. Having a robust assessment of their country's health system's climate and disaster risk management (CDRM) capabilities allows policy makers to make these systems more resilient against shocks. This policy note introduces the Frontline Scorecard, a new rapid diagnostic tool that decision makers can use to conduct a high-level assessment of the CDRM capabilities of their health system, and illustrates its application in a case-study country, Belize
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Public Sector Study
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Public Sector Accounting Analysis ; Public Sector Accounting Management ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: The PULSE web-based tool facilitates the management of a PULSE assessment. Since the assessment process may take up to six months and involves many experts to perform tasks (like scoring and quality assurance), the PULSE Tool enables the process to be managed easily in a logical, methodical way. It guides the Assessment Team Leader and other experts through the assessment lifecycle such that no important step can be overlooked. The PULSE Tool is available 24*7 and also contains a communications module that keeps all the experts informed of progress. The PULSE Handbook contains all the details and definitions of the assessment process. This manual assumes that users are at least familiar with the handbook and the assessment process. In the introductory paragraphs that follow, important concepts that pertain to use of the PULSE Tool will be reiterated for the convenience of users
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Agriculture ; E-Government ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Groundwater Management ; ICT Applications ; Irrigation Development ; Sustainable Land Management ; Water Resources
    Abstract: In major parts of the world, irrigation development has reached its limits in terms of land and water resources, as evident in the alarming overexploitation of groundwater resources and the deterioration of their quality. In other parts, intensification with sustainable and smart irrigation solutions is the most viable way to build climate resilience and combat food insecurity. This report advocates for 1) improving the quality of irrigation services through a combination of better design, adoption of modern technologies, and attuned operation and maintenance and 2) a bold risk-taking approach to irrigation modernization and sustainable expansion based on lessons learned by restoring legitimacy through strong technical, institutional, and economic engagement in reforming the subsector
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Green Growth ; Labor Standards ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training
    Abstract: This paper provides a macro-fiscal overview of Indonesia's progress along four interlinked dimensions of green growth. The first three sections will discuss green growth from the outcomes perspective, while the last section will look at green growth from the policy perspective: (i) carbon use in the growth process; (ii) the impact of carbon use through pollution on human capital; (iii) the consequence of carbon use on national wealth; and (iv) the fiscal policies to support the low-carbon transition. The paper takes stock of Indonesia's progress in decarbonizing growth. It then analyzes the extent to which fiscal policies are aligned with this overall objective
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 pages)
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia Economic Update
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Business Dynamism ; Economic Growth ; Firms ; Human Capital ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; State-Owned Enterprises ; Structural Reforms ; War in Ukraine
    Abstract: Economic activity in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region is expected to remain resilient but slow this year as a weaker global economy, slowdown in China, and lower commodity prices weigh on the region's growth outlook. Regional growth is likely to drop to 2.8 percent in 2024, following substantial strengthening to 3.3 percent last year because of a shift from contraction to expansion in the Russian Federation and war-hit Ukraine, and a more robust recovery in Central Asia. Regional output growth is projected to moderate further to 2.6 percent in 2025. The outlook faces multiple headwinds. A slower-than-expected recovery in key trading partners, restrictive monetary policies, and exacerbation of geopolitical developments could further dampen growth across the region. Weak productivity growth in ECA in the recent decade has resulted in a sharp slowdown in income convergence with advanced economies. Fundamental drivers of productivity growth, including progress in advancing institutional and market reforms, technology adoption, and innovation, are key for enabling private sector-led growth. Boosting business dynamism in ECA will require addressing several challenges, including upgrading the competitive environment, reducing state involvement in the economy, dramatically boosting the quality of education, and strengthening the availability of finance. While meeting these challenges will look different across countries, addressing them is an essential condition to achieve stronger economic growth and overcome the middle-income trap
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 pages)
    Series Statement: Africa's Pulse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Debt Vulnerabilities ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal Space ; Inflation ; Jobs ; Political Instability ; Skills Development
    Abstract: Economic growth is expected to rebound in Sub-Saharan Africa, supported by increased private consumption and declining inflation in 2024. However, this positive outlook remains fragile due to uncertain global economic conditions, low fiscal buffers, growing debt service obligation, costly external borrowing, and escalating conflict and violence, which continue to weigh on economic activity in the region. Despite the projected boost in growth, the pace of economic expansion in the region remains slow and insufficient to significantly affect poverty reduction. Structural inequality is at the core of these challenges and tackling it can help to restore growth and accelerate poverty reduction. While domestic resource mobilization and support from the international community can help alleviate the region's funding squeeze, investing in human capital, and strengthening local capacity for service delivery can build people's capacity to seize market opportunities. Policies that boost market access by addressing institutional distortions and market imperfections are also critical for fostering inclusive growth
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Adewopo, Julius Comparative Analysis of AI-Predicted and Crowdsourced Food Prices in an Economically Volatile Region
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Artificial Intelligence ; Food Commodity Prices ; Food Security ; ICT Applications ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure ; Information and Communication Technologies ; SDG 2 ; SDG 9 ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Zero Hunger
    Abstract: High-frequency monitoring of food commodity prices is important for assessing and responding to shocks, especially in fragile contexts where timely and targeted interventions for food security are critical. However, national price surveys are typically limited in temporal and spatial granularity. It is cost prohibitive to implement traditional data collection at frequent timescales to unravel spatiotemporal price evolution across market segments and at subnational geographic levels. Recent advancements in data innovation offer promising solutions to address the paucity of commodity price data and guide market intelligence for diverse development stakeholders. The use of artificial intelligence to estimate missing price data and a parallel effort to crowdsource commodity price data are both unlocking cost-effective opportunities to generate actionable price data. Yet, little is known about how the data from these alternative methods relate to independent ground truth data. To evaluate if these data strategies can meet the long-standing demand for real-time intelligence on food affordability, this paper analyzes open-source daily crowdsourced data (104,931 datapoints) from a recently published data set in Nature Journal, relative to complementary ground truth sample. The paper subsequently compares these data to open-source monthly artificial intelligence-generated price data for identical commodities over a 36-month period in northern Nigeria, from 2019 to 2022. The results show that all the data sources share a high degree of comparability, with variation across commodity and market segments. Overall, the findings provide important support for leveraging these new and innovative data approaches to enable data-driven decision-making in near real time
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lopez, Carolina Do Patients Value High-Quality Medical Care? Experimental Evidence from Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment
    Keywords: Demand for Medication ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Malaria ; Malaria Treatment ; Patient Satisfaction ; Patients ; Provider Beliefs ; Public Health Promotion
    Abstract: Can information about the value of diagnostic tests improve provider practice and help patients recognize higher quality of care In a randomized experiment at public clinics in Mali, health providers and patients received tailored information about the importance of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria. The provider training increased provider reliance on RDTs, improving the match between a patient's malaria status and treatment with antimalarials by 15-30 percent. Nonetheless, patients were significantly less satisfied with the care they received, driven by those whose prior beliefs did not match their true malaria status. The patient information intervention did not affect treatment outcomes or patient satisfaction and reduced malaria testing. These findings are consistent with highly persistent patient beliefs that translate into low demand for diagnostic testing and limit patients' ability to recognize improved quality of care
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Climate Action ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Life on Land ; Migration ; Migration Policies and Jobs ; SDG 13 ; SDG 15
    Abstract: The Dominican Republic (DR) is vulnerable to climate change and has a high rate of natural degradation. The DR shows evidence of significant human mobility flows of (i) internal migration, mainly rural to urban; and (ii) international cross-border migration, especially from Haiti. Given this context, the DR is an important place to study migration induced by the impacts of climate change and natural degradation. In this report, climate migration refers to migration that can be attributed largely to the slow-onset impacts of climate change on livelihoods through natural degradation such us shifts in water availability, crop productivity, ecosystem productivity, or to factors such as sea-level rise. This note builds upon previous studies undertaken regarding climate migration in the DR, and combines a quantitative modeling approach with a qualitative case study
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 1. Speeches by Ajay Banga (2023 - present)
    Keywords: Climate Change Economics ; Industry ; Industry Policy ; Job Creation ; Job Opportunities ; Local Government ; Real Sectors ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The document collection discusses the challenges and opportunities facing the global community, focusing on issues such as persistent poverty, protracted conflicts, and the intractable climate crisis. It highlights the urgent need to create jobs for the 1.1 billion young people who will enter the workforce in the next decade, especially in the developing world where economic growth is retreating. The collection emphasizes the importance of learning from successful development strategies, using the example of China's remarkable journey in overcoming poverty and achieving explosive job growth. It also underscores the significance of addressing environmental concerns, showcasing how China's efforts in transitioning away from inefficient industries and improving air quality have had a positive impact. Overall, the document collection emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts to combat poverty, promote economic development, and address environmental challenges on a global scale
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Economic Policy ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Growth
    Abstract: There is growing awareness globally about the potential impacts of climate change on financial stability. Climate-related financial risks can be broadly grouped into two categories: (i) climate physical risks, which are financial risks stemming from the gradual and abrupt impacts of climate change (primarily droughts and floods in the case of Morocco, as highlighted by the ongoing severe drought event and recent floods), and (ii) climate transition risks, which are financial risks that can result from the transition to a low-carbon economy, for example, due to changes in climate policy, technology, or market sentiment. The purpose of this report is to better understand the impact of these climate risks on Morocco's banking sector. This includes understanding the banking sector's exposure to sectors and regions that are vulnerable to climate physical and transition risks, as well as a quantification of climate impacts on banks' balance sheets under different scenarios. This report also takes stock of the Moroccan banking sector's current risk management practices and the supervisory response to climate-related financial risks
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Landscape Management ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Sector Development ; Public Sector Management
    Abstract: This guide presents the Landscape Governance Assessment Tool (LGAT) and the Decision Support System (DSS). It is intended for people addressing a variety of problems linked to forested landscapes, such as alleviating rural poverty, restoring degraded lands, meeting national climate commitments, or conserving biodiversity. The LGAT measures the strengths and weaknesses of governance in a forested landscape. Drawing on expert and stakeholder knowledge, the LGAT assesses the quality of governance and produces a summary rating, called the Landscape Governance Index (LGI). The tool can be used at many stages of a project, but it is primarily intended to provide an informed starting point for discussing and designing governance reforms. The DSS component creates a roadmap for reform by identifying priority areas, generating ideas for reform, and analyzing them to arrive at practical ways forward. Overall, the tool identifies reform pathways that have a good chance of making a difference in the landscape. The LGAT score demonstrates the need, while stakeholder and expert involvement in both the measurement and DSS steps shape and garner support for reforms. The DSS analysis screens the reforms to identify those likely to be practical and effective
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Agribusiness ; Agricultural Finance ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Change Policy and Regulation ; Crops and Food Security ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises
    Abstract: Argentina's agrifood sector drives both prosperity and crisis. While agrifood generates essential foreign currency earnings, tax revenue and employment, the sector's vulnerability to external shocks can wreak havoc on the larger economy. This agriculture sector review addresses the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of Argentina's agrifood sector. The economic dimension is vital, due to the influence of agrifood productivity and its growth on Argentina's macroeconomy. The social, or inclusion, dimension highlights the potential to improve the livelihoods of the rural poor as well as access to affordable food for the urban poor. Finally, the environmental dimension examines the urgent need to increase the resilience of agricultural production systems and support their adaptation to climate change, as well as the agrifood sector's potential to mitigate climate change and other externalities. This summary report is based on a series of more detailed sectoral background papers and is aimed at public sector policymakers and other key stakeholders, with the goal of identifying potential reforms in public policies and programs and contributing to the development of a new shared vision for the Argentine agrifood sector
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: Disease Control ; Health Care ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Non-Communicable Diseases
    Abstract: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) impose an increasingly heavy health and economic burden on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Bank's investments in NCD management have increased steadily, with the greatest increases occurring in the past decade. A team at the World Bank has developed this NCD system assessment tool for identifying priorities for investment, to assist task-team leaders (TTLs) in the preparation, monitoring, and or restructuring of NCD related projects. The tool's main focus is on preventing and managing NCDs through a primary health care (PHC) approach, but it also examines the availability of some hospital-based NCD services. The tool evaluates health systems against 43 best practices - practical policies, plans, programs or structures - recommended by global consensus panels or proven to be effective in meta-analyses, systematic reviews and Cochrane reviews. The tool looks for evidence of a strategic approach to managing NCDs, such as: strengthening primary health care, a plan with targets and timeframes for improving NCD care; policies on unhealthy behavior such as smoking, alcohol or unhealthy foods; universal health coverage for core drugs, tests and medical procedures; and intersectoral cooperation to address determinants of health. At the most granular level, it examines the model of care and workflows in primary care for items such as: clear, consistent procedures for screening, a process to ensure all recommended clinical practices are adopted, timely adjustment of medications, process to bring in patients lost to follow-up; triaging and intensive management of high-risk patients; community outreach and home visit services, patient education and self-management supports. To ensure best practices are adopted, the tool also searches for decision support tools, quality improvement teams and examples of successful improvement projects. The tool is intended to do a rapid assessment based on document reviews, key informant interviews and site visits conducted over a brief period
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jolevski, Filip Spillovers in ICT Adoption from Formal to Informal Firms: Evidence from Zambia
    Keywords: Decent Work And Economic Growth ; Digital Divide ; ICT Applications ; Industry ; Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure ; Informality ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Knowledge Economy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; SDG 8 ; SDG 9 ; Spillovers ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Technology ; Technology Industry
    Abstract: This paper examines spillovers in the use of digital technologies from formal to informal businesses by exploring differences in geographic proximity. Using a unique set of geocoded data from the 2019 World Bank Enterprise Surveys in Zambia, the findings indicate that closer geographic proximity to formal firms is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of digital adoption by informal businesses. The finding holds for various types of digital technologies, ranging from computers, tablets, and cell phones to mobile money transactions, and is robust to various measures of geographic proximity and model modifications. The results vary by the owner's level of education and business age. The results also suggest that the spillovers in information and communications technology use can be explained by competition in the local market and learning through enhanced interactions
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Granata, Julia Why Look at Tasks when Designing Skills Policy for the Green Transition? A Methodological Note on how to Identify Green Occupations and the Skills they Require
    Keywords: Employment and Unemployment ; Green Employment ; Green Occupations ; Green Skills ; ISCO-08 ; Language ; O*NET ; Skills Anticipation ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor ; Task-Content Approach ; Text Analysis ; Work and Working Conditions
    Abstract: The coexistence of several definitions of green jobs and measurement instruments gives room for mismatches between those concepts and their application to research questions. This paper first presents an organizing framework for the existing definitions, measurement instruments, and policy frameworks. It then delves into discussing two appropriate approaches for identifying green occupations to guide skills development policy: the task-content and the skills approaches. In the process, it introduces a novel methodology with a dictionary of green terms for identifying green tasks and occupations. This methodology, utilizing text analysis, demonstrates superior performance compared to the well-known O*NET Green Economic Project classification, particularly for developing countries. Lastly, the paper applies this methodology to Indonesia, a middle-income country, and utilizes various data sources to showcase the utility of the dictionary and text analysis exercise
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fernandez, Jaime Reconstructing 2010-2022 Poverty and Inequality Trends in Bangladesh: A Statistical Matching Approach
    Keywords: Econometrics ; Income ; Inequality ; Lasso ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Trends ; Statistical Matching
    Abstract: The 2022 Household Income and Expenditure Survey enhances fieldwork, data management, and information quality but poses comparability challenges with previous rounds. This study proposes a two-step process based on statistical matching to fill the information gap in previous survey rounds. This methodology uses the more comprehensive 2022 information to reconstruct comparable consumption measures over time. This allows for a consistent assessment of poverty and inequality measures, providing insights into the changes for policy makers, researchers, and stakeholders over the years. The results reveal that integrating this correction into previous survey rounds would have reduced poverty rates by around 10.6 percentage points between 2010 and 2016 and a further decrease of 7.8 percentage points between 2016 and 2022. Likewise, extreme poverty rates would have witnessed a decline of approximately 3 percentage points in the earlier period and a more substantial drop of 3.6 percentage points in the more recent one. These poverty reduction trends mirror improvements in other dimensions of well-being, like reductions in infant mortality and stunting and increases in access to electricity, sanitary toilets, and literacy rates
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rodriguez, Laura Taxes, Transfers, and Gender: Fiscal Policy Incidence across Fiscal and Care Categories in Jordan
    Keywords: Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Fiscal incidence analysis helps in understanding who contributes to and benefits from the fiscal system, and assessing the impact of fiscal policies in reducing poverty and inequality. Traditionally, the incidence of fiscal policy is assessed for households along the income distribution. In an attempt to tease out the gendered impacts of the fiscal system, this paper instead looks at how much different types of households in Jordan contribute to and benefit from current fiscal policies and the extent to which the fiscal system is helping to equalize post-market outcomes within and across groups. A household typology is constructed for Jordan based on households' demographic characteristics, which not only determine which taxes and transfers a household experiences, but also influence the participation of women in economic activity outside the household because they affect the generation and allocation of care responsibilities. The paper shows that the receipt of in-kind benefits, primarily education, is what drives which groups that receive the largest net benefits from the fiscal system. The results also show that the fiscal system in Jordan is reducing within-group inequalities, which represent over 80 percent of total inequality for both fiscal and care groups. The fiscal system has a limited impact on inequalities across groups, but they are very small
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Finance ; Agriculture ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Social Policy ; Quality of Employment ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: In Burkina Faso, agriculture is the primary source of employment for the population, but it faces challenges due to low productivity and poor water management, exacerbated by the adverse effects of climate change. Increases in grain production have been achieved through the expansion of cultivated areas, thereby putting significant pressure on natural resources. At the policy level, agriculture has been identified as a priority sector for the transformation of Burkina Faso's economic structure as outlined in the Second National Plan for Economic and Social Development (PNDES II). At the institutional and organizational level, the implementation of the program budgeting since 2017, shifting from funds-based budgeting to outcome-based budgeting, aims at enhancing the efficiency of public expenditure by focusing on outcomes. The structure of the program budgeting includes more than twenty distinct budget programs. This large number of budget programs poses challenges in terms of coordination, optimization, and capitalization of public action in favor of the agricultural sector. In this context, the World Bank undertakes this third agriculture public expenditure review to help the Government of Burkina Faso produce evidence on the structure of public expenditures. In addition to the classic analysis of the efficiency of expenditure allocation, the efficiency of budget execution, as well as coordination, monitoring and evaluation, and accountability mechanisms in the sector, the report will examine the incidence and impact of public expenditures by analyzing four specific cases: (i) input subsidies, (ii) hydro-agricultural facilities and irrigation; (iii) agricultural finance, and (iv) expenditures allocated to forestry and natural resources
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Asset Class ; Coastal and Marine Environment ; Corporate Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Investors ; Issuer ; Liquidity
    Abstract: This note reviews the economic literature and empirical research on the drivers and effects of secondary market liquidity in the corporate securities markets. The choice of this topic was driven by the work of the World Bank in the field. Financial sector authorities in emerging markets and developing economies often request the World Bank's support to improve the liquidity of their corporate markets, as they consider liquidity to be key to attracting more investors
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 pages)
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Employment ; Jobs ; Productive Safety Net Program ; Self-Employment ; Social Safety Net ; Wages
    Abstract: Ethiopia has long prioritized creating more and better jobs as core to its sustainable and inclusive development. However, steady growth in the gross domestic product and gains in agricultural productivity in recent decades have not translated into better opportunities nor increased earnings for much of the population. The 2021 Labor Force Survey data reveal labor trends since 1999 and underscore these realities. Moreover, COVID-19 and other shocks have reinforced the disconnect between positive macroeconomic trends at a national level and stagnant incomes at the household level. Working Today for a Better Tomorrow in Ethiopia: Jobs for Poor and Vulnerable Households outlines how Ethiopia can leverage its social safety net programs to help poor and vulnerable workers earn more in today's labor market. The government's latest development planning policies focus on private sector growth and structural transformation to create more and better jobs. While these long-term reforms take hold, the jobs agenda also must include near-term measures to improve worker productivity in and connect people to jobs that already exist. Complementing cash transfers with capital, training, and other services can help workers earn more in their current work, diversify into new types of employment, or connect to available wage jobs.These investments can have an immediate impact for poor people in Ethiopia while also contributing to sustainable and inclusive development
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lall, Somik V A Global Incentive Scheme to Reduce Carbon Emissions
    Keywords: Affordable and Clean Energy ; Carbon Emissions ; Carbon Policy and Trading ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Global Carbon Incentive ; Global Carbon Reduction Incentive ; Global Warming ; Greenhouse Gas Emissions ; International Finance Institutions ; Life on Land ; Natural Resources Management ; SDG 7 ; Sustainable Development Goals
    Abstract: This paper proposes an objective way of estimating and allocating "differentiated" responsibilities for carbon emissions across countries. These responsibilities translate into specific obligations and incentives for future emission reductions and support for adaptation, mitigation, and development. The proposals in this paper should be seen as a starting point for an informed and productive debate. Under the Global Carbon Reduction Incentive, every country that emits more than the per capita global average pays into a global incentive fund. This annual payment will be calculated based on the "excess" emissions per capita, the country's population, and a dollar amount called the Global Carbon Incentive. Countries below the global per capita average would receive a payout commensurate with their "under-emission." The United States and China are the two biggest emitters and, assuming a Global Carbon Incentive of USD10, they jointly would contribute more than USD70 billion to the fund, from which nations such as India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia would be the major recipients. An important adjustment to the Global Carbon Reduction Incentive is to focus on consumption rather than production--a country should not avoid responsibility for the carbon it consumes by outsourcing production to another country. The proposal considers that countries that have used more of the collective carbon budget have benefited from the associated development and should pay for it. The proposal also considers methane emissions as well as crediting countries for their efforts toward preventing deforestation
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Simbeye, Laban The Role of Firm Dynamics in Aggregate Productivity and Formal Job Flows in Zambia
    Keywords: Employment and Unemployment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal Jobs ; Formal Wages ; Industrial Management ; Industry ; Productivity ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor ; Structural Transformation ; Wages, Compensation and Benefits
    Abstract: Zambia's private sector must deliver quality jobs at scale to keep up with its expanding working age population, contribute to economic transformation, and reduce poverty. This entails both the creation of high-quality jobs and productivity improvement among existing jobs and firms. This paper analyzes the dynamics of formal firms to identify the drivers and barriers to productivity, formal employment, and formal wage growth in Zambia. Leveraging firm and worker administrative tax data from Zambia, the paper decomposes labor productivity and wage growth among formal firms and workers in Zambia into within-firm, between-firm, inter-sectoral, and dynamic components. The findings show that the aggregate labor productivity of formal firms declined over 2014-21, driven by secular within-firm declines in the non-mining industry and service sectors. By contrast, labor productivity grew in agriculture and remained flat in mining over the same period. Real wage trends for formal workers have mostly mirrored labor productivity dynamics, declining 40-50 percent across non-agriculture sectors but growing slightly in agriculture, largely driven by within-firm shifts rather than between-firm or between-sector dynamics. The declines in labor productivity and wages reflect business environment challenges related to access to finance and electricity, as well as burdensome formal compliance requirements and competition with the informal sector. Within-firm labor productivity challenges also reflect low skills and capacity--including low technology adoption--among both firms and workers
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hopper, Robert Refugee Education Financing: Key Facts and Findings - Insights into the Financing of Refugee Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Keywords: Communities and Human Settlements ; Education ; Education Finance ; Education Financing ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Inclusive Education ; International Economics and Trade ; International Migration ; ODA ; Refugee Education ; Refugees
    Abstract: This paper, along with its accompanying data, provides the first comprehensive analysis on financing for refugee education in low- and middle-income countries. By compiling and scrutinizing data on host government financing, foreign aid contributions, and philanthropic giving, a consolidated and quantified overview of all major sources of financing for refugee education in low- and middle-income countries is produced. This data is then analyzed to reveal key trends and patterns in refugee education financing, existing financing gaps, and potential biases in financing allocations. These findings are explored in the 10 facts and findings outlined in this paper, and summarized in Box 1 below. It is hoped that this dataset and analysis will help to improve the understanding of financing for refugee education in low- and middle-income countries and inform future discussion and debate on refugee education financing
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Foster, James E Multidimensional and Specific Inequalities
    Keywords: Axioms ; Decompositions ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Inequality ; Lorenz Curves ; Measures ; Multidimensional Inequality ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Despite the multitude of measures of multidimensional inequality, none is regularly used in policymaking. This paper proposes multidimensional inequality measures that are easily implementable and transparent and overcome many deficiencies of existing measures. The measures follow a traditional two-stage format, which aggregates dimensions first and then applies a unidimensional measure like the Gini coefficient to the distribution of aggregates. A novel characterization result identifies the precise form of aggregation needed to obtain axiomatically sound measures. The paper derives an additive decomposition formula -- breaking down multidimensional inequality into terms reflecting the average specific inequalities (within dimensions) and the joint distribution (across dimensions) -- for any measure created using a standard unidimensional measure or the Lorenz curve. The paper also provides an approach to calibrating the measure for use with data over time, replacing the usual ad hoc normalization of variables with one that accounts for a policymaker's normative weights. The technology is illustrated first using synthetic data to understand how the measure varies as the components are changed and then using data from Azerbaijan
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ubfal, Diego What Works in Supporting Women-Led Businesses?
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Literature Review ; Private Sector Development ; Women-Led Business
    Abstract: Innovative women entrepreneurs can be agents of change and offer novel solutions to global challenges. However, they face multiple barriers to growing their businesses. This paper reviews the literature on strategies to support women entrepreneurs in improving their business outcomes. It focuses on interventions designed to address four areas of constraints that influence their decisions and can impact their business performance: gaps in human capital, access to finance, access to technology and markets, and contextual factors such as legal and regulatory constraints, social norms, access to care, and gender-based violence. The review concludes that evidence of modest average treatment effects and heterogeneity in treatment effects across various interventions suggest the need for more precise targeting. The multiple constraints faced by women entrepreneurs necessitates testing different packages of interventions. Moreover, the successful implementation and adoption of proposed solutions require consideration of the contextual constraints that differentially affect women-led businesses. While the review highlights several interventions that show promise in supporting women entrepreneurs, significant gaps remain in the evidence concerning the most effective strategies
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Natural Resources Management ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Statistics ; SDG 1 ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Swift ; Swift 2.0
    Abstract: This report aims to familiarize those involved in estimating official poverty statistics with the SWIFT framework to enhance the frequency and quality of poverty data. It presentshow SWIFT works, discusses the advantages and caveats of the methodology, and provides examples of country-specific applications, covering cases such as: 1. Enhancing the frequency of poverty statistics using existing frequent household surveys, 2. Producing poverty statistics when an existing training dataset is not already available, 3. Exploring the integration of new data collection approaches, such as phone surveys and community based data collection into the SWIFT framework, and 4. Restoring comparability of poverty data over time
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Debt Indicators ; Developing Countries ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Indicators ; GDP ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; No Poverty ; Poverty Indicators ; Poverty Reduction ; SDG 1
    Abstract: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product, and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; No Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Reduction ; SDG 1
    Abstract: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Blue Economy ; Employment and Unemployment ; Environment ; Industrial Management ; Labor Markets ; Maritime Space ; Natural Capital ; Sustainable Growth
    Abstract: With an accessible and attractive coastline of untouched natural splendor, Adriatic Croatia is a strategic driver of national economic development. It boasts rich cultural heritage and biodiversity and abundant coastal and marine resources providing the country with high socioeconomic value. A decade of strong growth of maritime tourism has fueled stable economic development in the coastal zone. Despite this progress, Adriatic Croatia faces multiple environmental challenges stemming from anthropogenic pressures and climate change. Negative impacts from over-tourism, urbanization, and pollution underline the urgency of adopting a sustainable maritime economy approach. The demographic decline and the lack of economic diversification could diminish future economic opportunities of Adriatic Croatia to grow sustainably and provide new jobs. The emerging challenges call for close attention in the context of the national development goals, sustainable development commitments and Croatia's aspiration to achieve blue growth. This report discusses the concept of blue economy while trying to understand and define the impacts of current challenges on the Republic of Croatia's transition to blue economy
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Economic Development ; Gross Domestic Product ; Macroeconomics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; No Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty, Environment and Development ; Public Sector Development ; SDG ; Suatainable Development Goals
    Abstract: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Climate Finance ; Forestry Management ; Governance ; Local Governance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: Local governments--especially cities and municipalities--in developing countries will be at the forefront of confronting and mitigating the impacts of climate change, and they need substantial financing to address this challenge. However, they often lack the fiscal resources for such investments. To address this financing gap, they will need to utilize a variety of financing sources and instruments. This joint publication of the World Bank and the UN Capital Development Fund aims to help cities and local governments better understand the various climate finance instruments and sources available to them, including intergovernmental fiscal transfers, own-source revenues, municipal borrowing (loans and bonds), public-private partnerships and credit-enhancement instruments such as guarantees. It provides information on each of these instruments - organized in a conceptual framework -- and highlights international experience and 18 case studies on their use from around the world. The report also recommends various actions that cities, local and national governments and development partners can take to increase access to these instruments to help meet climate investment needs in cities
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Capital Markets and Capital Flows ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Rural Development ; Urban Development
    Abstract: This study's aim was to assess the growing flood risk Sao Tome and Principe (STP) faces due to climate change. It achieved this by carrying out a nationwide risk assessment for riverine and coastal flooding. The study used recently completed high-resolution national flood hazard data for the present climate (2020) and two projected climates (in 2050 and 2080), based on the climate scenario Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP)3-7.0, a medium to high reference scenario resulting from no additional climate policy under the SSP3 socioeconomic development narrative. This flood risk assessment examines the potential impacts and risks to people, buildings, healthcare facilities, the education sector, and tourism under both present and future climate conditions. It shows that flood risk is driven frequent flood events. There is a significant increase of flood risk under future climate conditions
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Bhutan ; Domestic Revenue Administration ; Early Childhood Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public Expenditure Management
    Abstract: Despite Bhutan's distinctive geographical and economic challenges, Bhutan has maintained a relatively high average real GDP growth rate of 8.8 percent over FY00-01-FY09-10, which is greater than the average of South Asian countries as well as low and middle-income economies. Bhutan's mountainous topography and dense network of rivers offer vast hydropower potential, which the country has been harnessing since the mid-1980s with the commissioning of the Chhukha Hydropower Project in 1986. However, due to a slower rate of growth of hydropower capacity, real GDP growth in Bhutan declined over the last decade, averaging only 3.5 percent, which was lower than the growth rates of regional peers and middle-income economies. Bhutan maintained a relatively strong fiscal position prior to COVID, but the situation has deteriorated recently. Bhutan's revenue to GDP ratio averaged at around 30 percent of GDP over FY10-11 and FY21-22, supported by revenue from hydropower projects and sizable external grants. However, revenue was on a declining trend that was further exacerbated by the onset of COVID-19. The pandemic necessitated an expansionary fiscal stance and led to delays in the commissioning of new hydropower projects. In the aftermath of the pandemic, despite a rapid phasing out of extraordinary outlays and containment in current expenditures, the government continued to provide fiscal support to boost economic activity by frontloading the 12th Five Year Plan (FYP) covering 2018-2023, resulting in a rise in capital expenditure. Consequently, the fiscal deficit widened from around 2 percent in FY18-19 to 6.7 percent of GDP in FY20-21 and further to 8.4 percent in FY21-22, the highest in over a decade. A Fiscal Sustainability Analysis (FSA) based on the MTMF assumptions indicates that fiscal consolidation is critical to ensure fiscal sustainability. The fiscal situation significantly worsens if capital expenditures are maintained at current levels of 18.1 percent of GDP rather than reducing them to 10.2 percent in the medium term as assumed in the MTMF. The fiscal outlook depends crucially on the commissioning dates of the hydropower projects. Bhutan needs to prepare for contingent scenarios and create fiscal buffers that could protect the country from negative shocks
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Carbon Market ; Climate Change ; Digital Divide ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; ICT Applications ; Information Technology ; Private Sector Development ; Public Expenditure Management ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: Enterprises in Kenya encompass a diverse and dynamic landscape, representing a crucial driver of economic growth and employment opportunities in the country. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role, contributing significantly to the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) and accounting for 90 percent of the labor force. Enterprises must scale their climate action to meet Kenya's climate mitigation and adaptation goals. However, the lack of funding has limited their contribution to the climate agenda. Debt constitutes most of enterprises' funding, but the price of debt remains very high and loan tenors are short. The availability of patient capital, including private equity, is also low. Carbon markets can be an important vehicle to support an enterprise's climate action. Crucially, carbon markets function as a source of non-debt, results-based financing that does not require prior assets or collateral, potentially enabling enterprises in Kenya that struggle to access other sources of climate finance to grow. Despite this potential and the government of Kenya's commitment to scale carbon markets, Kenya's participation in international carbon markets remains concentrated, with most credits issued by a handful of developers. Many enterprises also have limited understanding on how they should develop and monetize carbon credits. The purpose of this guidebook is therefore to provide practical step-by-step guidance to help enterprises navigate the complex and fast-evolving landscape of carbon markets
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Pakistan is at a critical decision point. While there have been recent important examples of reform progress, economic policies over past years and decades have had overall negative impacts on sustainability, productivity, and investment. As Pakistan has fallen behind its peers, progress with poverty reduction has ceased. Human development outcomes remain dire, while the benefits of growth have accrued disproportionately to a narrow elite. Amid continued rapid population growth and a youth bulge, a growing number of young Pakistanis are frustrated by the lack of opportunities, with prospects for young women especially bleak. Pakistan is among the countries most impacted by climate change, and recent events, including the 2022 floods, have highlighted the urgent need for investment in climate resilience. The economy is now, again, sustained by a short-term International Monetary Fund (IMF) program, inflation is at record highs, the rupee has depreciated sharply, while foreign exchange reserves remain at uncomfortably low levels. Recent policy measures (including the restoration of exchange rate flexibility, subsidy reforms, and movements towards fiscal constraint) have supported economic stabilization, but the underpinning drivers of Pakistan's economic fragility remain to be addressed. This note presents critical policy shifts required to move beyond the current low equilibrium towards sustainable and inclusive economic development and poverty reduction. This note summarizes the accompanying series of policy notes. It: (i) outlines Pakistan's current development challenge; (ii) identifies the critical constraints to faster development progress; (iii) describes the major policy shifts that will be required to address current constraints; and (iv) presents broad principles to guide implementation of required reforms
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 pages)
    Series Statement: Middle East and North Africa Economic Update
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Conflict ; Debt Decomposition ; Debt-To-GDP Ratio ; Economic Growth ; Extrabudgetary Expenditures ; Growth Forecasts ; Impact of Conflict ; Uncertainity
    Abstract: The global economy is in its third year of deceleration amidst declining inflation and oil prices. The MENA region grew at 1.9 percent in 2023 and is forecasted to grow at 2.7 percent in 2024. And for the first time since the pandemic, MENA oil exporters and importers will grow at similar rates. The tragedy of the conflict in the Middle East has increased uncertainty. Rising debt leaves many countries in the region exposed. This report unpacks the nature of debt in the region. Oil importers have been unable to either inflate or grow out of debt. Exchange rate fluctuations, and particularly stock flow adjustments (SFA) play a sizeable role. The report highlights the need to address debt transparency. Extrabudgetary items, especially for developing oil importers, need to be accounted for. Primary balances are key, but only to the extent that they capture the true state of government finances
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 pages)
    Series Statement: South Asia Economic Focus
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Shocks ; Economic Growth ; Employment Growth ; Female Labor Force Participation ; Labor Market ; Poverty ; Private Investment ; Technology Adoption
    Abstract: South Asia is expected to continue to be the fastest-growing emerging market and developing economy (EMDE) region over the next two years. This is largely thanks to robust growth in India, but growth is also expected to pick up in most other South Asian economies. However, growth in the near-term is more reliant on the public sector than elsewhere, whereas private investment, in particular, continues to be weak. Efforts to rein in elevated debt, borrowing costs, and fiscal deficits may eventually weigh on growth and limit governments' ability to respond to increasingly frequent climate shocks. Yet, the provision of public goods is among the most effective strategies for climate adaptation. This is especially the case for households and farms, which tend to rely on shifting their efforts to non-agricultural jobs. These strategies are less effective forms of climate adaptation, in part because opportunities to move out of agriculture are limited by the region's below-average employment ratios in the non-agricultural sector and for women. Because employment growth is falling short of working-age population growth, the region fails to fully capitalize on its demographic dividend. Vibrant, competitive firms are key to unlocking the demographic dividend, robust private investment, and workers' ability to move out of agriculture. A range of policies could spur firm growth, including improved business climates and institutions, the removal of financial sector restrictions, and greater openness to trade and capital flows
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (434 pages)
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: In Uganda, conditions in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) remain the primary drivers of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 60 percent of years of life lost. The high burden of these conditions can be attributed to a poor quality of care resulting from inadequate financial, human, and material resources compounded by weak multisectoral coordination. Moreover, the country's high population growth rate and a young population imply that RMNCAH service delivery will continue to dominate health sector reforms-even with the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable and infectious diseases. Over the past two decades, Uganda has focused on improving the quality of RMNCAH service delivery, leading to declines in the maternal, infant, and under-five mortality ratios and the increased use of modern contraception among married women. However, the neonatal mortality and teenage pregnancy rates have stagnated, and the low civil registration of births and deaths remains challenging. Investing in Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health in Uganda: What Have We Learned, and Where Do We Go from Here? comprises 12 studies conducted as part of the RMNCAH Operational Research Program drafted between 2019 and 2021 and finalized and disseminated in October 2022 across 45 districts of Uganda with funding from Sweden and the World Bank. These studies underscore important lessons learned and offer suggestions for enhancing the delivery of RMNCAH interventions. Each chapter represents one study and discusses service delivery, the health workforce, financing, health information systems, and governance and leadership. Two appendixes summarize key findings and recommendations and explain the roles of key stakeholders in the RMNCAH Operational Research Program
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Anti-Corruption ; Beneficial Ownership Registers (BOR) ; Education Reform and Management ; Governance ; Law and Development ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; Primary Education ; Property and Land Law ; SDG 16
    Abstract: This EFI Insight distills critical insights from the implementation of Beneficial Ownership Registers (BORs) in Nigeria, North Macedonia, Kenya, and the United Kingdom. The experiences of these countries offer valuable lessons for similar reform efforts worldwide aimed at enhancing beneficial ownership transparency
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Education Equity ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Policies ; Infrastructure Economics ; Private Sector Management ; Public Finance Management ; Regional Urban Development ; Renewable Energy ; Sustainable Land Management
    Abstract: This report presents a review of the intergovernmental fiscal transfer reforms program (IGFTRP) and its performance since 2015, as part of a broader Public Expenditure Review (PER) that aimed to explore avenues for improving efficiency effectiveness in cross cutting areas of service delivery. The report is based on extensive documentary review, analysis of available data on local government (LG) finances, fieldwork in selected LGs and consultations with national ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs) involved in the management of the IGFTRP. Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development (MoFPED) provided data in various forms, and some data was publicly available at its website. It also includes data analysis on aspects of LG financing outside the IGFTRP system, but with implications to its delivery. These aspects include LG Own Source Revenues (OSR), Other Government Transfers (OGT) and External Finance that are captured by LG budgets and reports (available on the MoFPED website)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Fiscal Measures ; Innovative Entrepreneurship ; Labor Market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Real and Intellectual Property Law ; SDG 8 ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tax Law
    Abstract: Viet Nam's economy slowed sharply in 2023, with three key drivers of growth -- exports, consumption, and private domestic investment -- is losing momentum. On the production side, the slowdown was led by industrial production. In the first quarter of 2024, the economy registered 5.66 percent (y/y) growth, mostly driven by the low base effect in exports, with consumption and investment recovering more gradually. Employment growth slowed and real average monthly incomes stagnated. Viet Nam's external position improved in 2023, underpinned by a large current account surplus. Viet Nam needs to increase domestic private sector productivity to realize its ambitious target of becoming a high-income country by 2045, and innovative entrepreneurship is essential to drive this growth. Improving the conditions for entry and growth of innovative startups, through development of a conducive entrepreneurial ecosystem, can help build a pipeline of highly productive firms in new and established sectors
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Energy Resources Development ; Financial Reporting System ; Governance ; Governance and Growth ; Governance in Public Sector ; Industry ; Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Resources Management ; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ; SDG 16 ; SDG 9 ; State-Owned Enterprises
    Abstract: This report is part of a World Bank review of state-owned enterprise (SOE) governance practices in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The focus on governance is motivated by research pointing to good governance as an important precondition for successful and sustainable SOE reform. This report summarizes findings of six SOE governance reviews of Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, and Tunisia, while also drawing on other regional studies. The six country reports, as well as this cross-cutting report, concentrate on the core dimensions of corporate governance of SOEs as identified in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Corporate Governance of SOEs, and the World Bank's Integrated SOE Framework (iSOEF). These include: (i) the legal and regulatory framework for corporate governance; (ii) state ownership arrangements; (iii) performance management frameworks; (iv) Board structures and functioning; (v) financial reporting, accountability, control, and transparency; (vi) procurement policies and practices; and (vii) climate change reporting practices. The report also provides an overview of the SOE landscape in terms of the size, composition, employment, subsidies, and financial risks of the SOE sectors
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