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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,801)
  • 2000-2004  (2,801)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,800)
  • Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
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Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Stadt, Raum und Gesellschaft (from 1991-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Opladen : Leske + Budrich | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. f. Sozialwiss. | Pfaffenweiler : Centaurus-Verl. ; 1.1991 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-7548 , 2628-8133
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1991 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stadt, Raum und Gesellschaft
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Teilweise ungezählt
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 309: Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles Essai de simulation de la biodégradation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070554
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 309; Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 309: Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water Simulation Biodegradation Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le but de cet essai est de mesurer la biodégradation en fonction du temps d'une substance d'essai présente en faible concentration dans une eau naturelle aérobie et de quantifier les observations sous la forme d'expressions cinétiques. L'essai est réalisé par lots par « l'essai pélagique » ou « l'essai en suspension de sédiments » pour simuler un plan l'eau contenant des solides en suspension ou des sédiments resuspendus. Les flacons d'essai sont incubés dans l'obscurité, à la température environnementale, en aérobiose et sous agitation pendant normalement 60 jours. Au moins deux concentrations différentes de substance d'essai (organique non-volatile ou légèrement volatile) devraient être employées. La concentration maximum de la substance d’essai devrait être de moins de 100µg/L (biodégradation suivant une cinétique de premier ordre) et la plus basse concentration de substance d'essai de préférence comprise dans l’intervalle ‹1-10µg/L. Deux sous-échantillons sont prélevés de chaque flacon d'essai à chaque temps de prélèvement. La dégradation est suivie à intervalles de temps appropriés, en mesurant le 14C résiduel ou la concentration résiduelle de la substance d'essai. La minéralisation totale et la biodégradation primaire sont déterminées par le marquage au 14C de différentes parties de la molécule. Des mesures périodiques du pH et de la concentration en oxygène dans le système d'essai doivent être conduites.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070554-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local : recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103214
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local ; Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En los países miembros de la OCDE resulta sorprendente el espectro, número y crecimiento de los programas de apoyo para la iniciativa empresarial y la microempresa. Buena parte del interés de política por fomentar la iniciativa empresarial se refleja en la convicción de que la creación de nuevas empresas contribuirá a facilitar el logro de importantes objetivos económicos y sociales. El aumento en el ritmo de creación de empresas es hoy una inquietud casi universal para las autoridades locales, al igual que para los gobiernos centrales que desean combatir la marginación económica local. Sin embargo, a pesar del amplio interés de política, pocos estudios han analizado sistemáticamente la relación entre la creación de nuevas empresas y el desarrollo económico local. Esta publicación analiza las principales rutas a través de las cuales la creación de empresas y su desarrollo puede tener un impacto sobre las economías locales. Así, se analiza la evidencia empírica acerca de la relación entre la iniciativa empresarial y las economías locales. Asimismo, se demuestra que aunque la creación de empresas puede resultar un componente crucial para el desarrollo económico local, el fomento de la iniciativa empresarial no constituye una panacea para el desarrollo. Por ello, se discuten a profundidad una serie de limitaciones potenciales de las estrategias orientadas hacia la iniciativa empresarial y cómo estas limitaciones pueden contrarrestarse. Este libro presenta detalladas recomendaciones de política tanto en el ámbito gubernamental local como nacional. Las recomendaciones se relacionan con tres ámbitos temáticos: estrategia, financiamiento y diseño de programas. Se espera que estos lineamientos sean de utilidad para los gobiernos centrales y locales en el diseño y la puesta en marcha de programas y estrategias eficaces en términos de costos. En este sentido, la presente publicación describe los tipos de investigación que deben llevarse a cabo para lograr un mejor entendimiento de los temas clave de política.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103214-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Libéralisation des échanges de services : Identification des possibilités et des avantages (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Services Trade Liberalisation: Identifying Opportunities and Gains
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Cette étude comporte deux volets : l'identification d'exemples concrets d'exportations de services par les pays en développement, et des études quantitatives sur les avantages de la libéralisation. Loin d'être exhaustive, elle est limitée à bien des égards, mais l'on peut néanmoins en dégager deux conclusions essentielles. Tout d'abord, comme l'illustre la première partie de l'étude, il apparaît clairement que le secteur des services présente pour les pays en développement un très grand intérêt du point de vue des exportations par-delà le mode 4 (mouvements temporaires de personnes physiques fournissant des services), dans la mesure où ces pays sont des acteurs mondiaux ou régionaux dans des secteurs comme les services aux entreprises (externalisation), les services portuaires et services de transport maritime, les services audiovisuels, les services de télécommunications, les services de construction et les services de santé. Deuxièmement, comme on le voit dans la seconde partie de l'étude, pour la plupart des pays dont beaucoup de pays en développement, les gains liés aux exportations résultant de la libéralisation du marché ne sont ni la seule ni la plus importante source de gains attendus. Les avantages de la libéralisation des services découlent, pour une bonne part, non de la recherche d'un meilleur accès aux marchés à l'étranger mais de l'accroissement de la compétitivité et de l'efficience du marché intérieur. Ensemble, les deux observations de cette étude mettent en évidence les avantages potentiels de la libéralisation du marché des services tant pour les pays développés que pour les pays en développement.
    DOI: 10.1787/750376550000
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264078796
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.28
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This guidance document has been prepared to support technical aspects of the OECD skin absorption test guidelines. In particular is discusses the various aspects of in vivo vs. in vitro testing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264078796-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decentralisation and Poverty in Developing Countries : Exploring the Impact (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.236
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Decentralisation has been advocated by donors and development agencies as an important factor broadening citizen participation and improving local governance, thereby promoting poverty reduction from the bottom up. On the basis of a comprehensive review of 19 country case studies documented in the literature, this paper questions this assumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/132704628030
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Etablissement et contrôle d'archives fonctionnant en accord avec les Principes de BPL (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264085008
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Série OCDE sur les principes de bonnes pratiques de laboratoire et la vérification du respect de ces principes no.15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Establishment and Control of Archives that Operate in Compliance with the Principles of GLP
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Establishment and Control of Archives that Operate in Compliance with the Principles of GLP
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Ce document est destiné aux installations d’essai qui sont tenues de se conformer aux Principes de BPL dans le cadre de leur fonctionnement, aux structures de soutien, telles que les sous-traitants s’occupant de l’archivage ou de l’assurance qualité et les services informatiques, ainsi qu’aux donneurs d’ordre, aux autorités chargées de vérifier le respect des Principes de BPL et aux autorités d’accueil. Les organisations doivent veiller à tenir compte des exigences réglementaires applicables dans l’évaluation des besoins de leur activité. Certains aspects de la constitution et du fonctionnement des archives peuvent avoir des conséquences pour le respect des règlements de construction ou de la législation en vigueur en matière de santé publique et de sécurité. La formulation d’orientations à propos de ces aspects n’entre pas dans le champ du présent document. Les installations d’essai et les autres organisations procédant à l’archivage de pièces et de matériaux dans le cadre des BPL peuvent éventuellement avoir intérêt à recourir à des normes reconnues de gestion des archives, y compris celles concernant les métadonnées.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264085008-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the sixth meeting of the Task Force on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities : Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Menlo Park, CA, USA 10-12 April 2002; [SATIF 6; workshop proceedings] (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264017348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Series Statement: Nuclear science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA, USA, 10 - 12 April 2002
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017344-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Supervising private pensions : institutions and methods (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264016988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.6
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Private pensions series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Supervising private pensions
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016989-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating local economic and employment development : how to assess what works among programmes and policies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017092 , 9264017097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Evaluating local economic and employment development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La evaluacion del desarrollo economico y del empleo a nivel local
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Beschäftigungsprogramm ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017092-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relations entre les accords internationaux sur l'investissement (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relationships between International Investment Agreements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les accords bilatéraux, régionaux et multilatéral se sont multipliés ces dix à vingt dernières années et de nouveaux accords sont actuellement négociés. Il est donc quasiment certain que, pendant quelque temps encore, il continuera de coexister des accords relatifs à l’investissement international présentant des modalités différentes et conclus par des groupes de pays différents, qui se chevaucheront plus ou moins. Il importe par conséquent de comprendre comment ces accords continueront d’interagir et comment gérer harmonieusement ces chevauchements et ces différences. La présente étude, compte dûment tenu de la complexité des questions, a pour but de faire mieux comprendre les relations entre les accords internationaux sur l’investissement (AII) à partir d’une analyse des principaux accords de ce type et de l’expérience accumulée par l’OCDE concernant la relation entre ses propres instruments et les autres accords existants.1 Le plan de l’étude est le suivant ...
    DOI: 10.1787/261841684305
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving the Capacity to Innovate in Germany (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.407
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany ; Deutschland ; Innovationsfähigkeit
    Abstract: Key indicators show Germany belonging to the countries in the OECD with strong innovation activity even though some weakening in Germany’s position relative to other OECD countries has occurred recently. While the redirection of resources towards unification-related spending as well as low economic growth have contributed to this development, more fundamental structural issues have also played a role. Germany has benefited less than other high-performing countries from the surge in new technologies, such as ICT and biotechnology, as innovation activities continue to focus on sectors, such as machinery and automobiles, in which Germany has a long record of strong export performance. Some features of the regulation of capital, product and labour markets are hampering the supply of risk capital, the creation of new firms and the reallocation of labour. In addition, firms are finding it increasingly difficult to recruit highly qualified labour. Measures to improve the framework ...
    DOI: 10.1787/115685830744
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Third-Generation Mobile Services in the OECD (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.85
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper analyses the development of third-generation mobile services (3G) in OECD countries. A brief description of the definition of 3G and its migration path is followed by an analysis of the benefits and shortcomings of 3G services. The paper further examines regulatory issues raised by 3G development and recent market developments including pricing issues. Finally, the paper undertakes a comparative analysis of 3G with wireless LANs and other alternative wireless technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/232562017400
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework : Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 ; connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 ; Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version); Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 : connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 : Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version): Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PISA 2003 Assessment Framework – Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills presents the conceptual underpinnings of PISA 2003 assessments. Within each assessment area, the volume defines the content students need to acquire, the processes they need to perform, and contexts in which knowledge and skills are applied.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101739-en
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Japan 2004 : Progress in Implementing Regulatory Reform (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Japon 2004 ; Progrès dans la mise en œuvre de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Japon 2004 : Progrès dans la mise en œuvre de la réforme de la réglementation
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: Regulatory Reform in Japan was among the first in a series of in-depth country reviews on regulatory reform. Since 1999, when the review was published, the Japanese government has introduced a number of measures to enhance regulatory quality and to promote regulatory reform, competition policy and market openness. This publication assesses the progress made, identifies some of the lessons that can be learned about the implementation process and indicates what more can be done in light of current challenges. The monitoring exercise covers the core issues of capacity for regulatory quality, competition and market openness. This study updates information about competition policy in Japan, and such trade-related matters as internationally harmonised measures and conformity assessment processes. It calls attention to the linkages between regulatory policies and tools, and the application of competition and market-openness principles. Innovative efforts, such as the Special Zones initiative, also receive attention. The overall concern is how further progress on regulatory reform can enhance Japan’s growth potential. The report brings out many of the lessons of implementation, which take account of the specificities of the Japanese context, but can be of wider value in other countries as well. What began in the 1990s as an effort to remove regulatory barriers is gaining momentum. Regulatory reform is a dynamic process aimed at improving regulatory tools and institutions, reassessing existing regulations in light of current economic and social developments, and assessing the impact of new regulations while they are in preparation. These tasks call for a whole-of-government approach, which is one of the main challenges for Japan’s next three-year Programme for Regulatory Reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017177-en
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  • 16
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    Test No. 218: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment - water systems. The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070264-en
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  • 17
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    One Money, One Cycle?: Making Monetary Union a Smoother Ride (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.401
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In recent years the euro area has shown less resilience to the negative and largely OECD-wide common shocks than the English-speaking countries, but most of the smaller euro area countries have fared better than the large ones. This paper reviews policy issues that are important in fostering a speedy adjustment to shocks. We argue that the small countries are well placed to adjust swiftly to asymmetric shocks, because they are well integrated with the rest of the area. An activist fiscal policy is not needed and also not powerful enough to smooth the cycle. However, asset bubbles are a cause of concern as their limited weight means that the common monetary policy is more likely to be out of line with their cyclical position. Large countries are less well placed to cope with shocks and sluggish adjustment can be expected. Reforms should focus on raising trade linkages via the completion of the single market, on improving wage and price flexibility and on making their housing markets ...
    DOI: 10.1787/321284370330
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  • 18
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Hungary (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.381
    Keywords: Economics ; Hungary
    Abstract: The establishment of competitive markets has been one of the cornerstones Hungarian economic policy over the past decade, alongside a successful strategy of attracting foreign investment. Broad statistical measures show no signs of endemically weak domestic competition, though the country’s relatively low productivity among domestic business likely signals some sheltering from international competition. The generally healthy level of competition is partly because competition legislation and its enforcement are of a good standard. Nevertheless, room for improvement is suggested in a number of areas. In particular, it is argued that individuals should be able to initiate legal actions directly, i.e. without having to proceed via the competition authority. And, it is suggested that sanctions against individuals in hard-core cartel cases are introduced. In examining specific sectors, this paper is critical of the pace of progress towards competition in the network industries. The rail ...
    DOI: 10.1787/222142524253
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  • 19
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in the United States (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.398
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: Regulatory reform efforts in a broad range of industries have resulted in increased importance of competitive forces as a means to allocate resources and improve economic efficiency. A number of indicators suggest that such forces have been stronger in the United States than in most other OECD countries for some time. This has contributed to sizeable productivity gains and good economic performance over the past decade or so. Nonetheless, despite the generally pro-competitive thrust of policies, a number of challenges remain. Although there are few sectors of the economy from which competition policy and law are completely excluded, given the high risk of sanctions and damages for violation, many anomalous exemptions and special regimes have found their way into US legislation. Contrary to other OECD countries, government related firms are exempted from competition enforcement. Intellectual property rights create special challenges for competition policy and some problems have followed their strengthening over the past two decades, such as the soaring cost of patent litigation. The generally favourable experience with deregulation created pressures for liberalisation in network industries, where the United States has rather been a laggard, at least in the electricity sector. Reforms in the 1990s have entailed some positive results but also some setbacks, reflecting both the difficulties in ensuring competition in such industries and policy mistakes.
    DOI: 10.1787/334545122257
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    La prévention du crime par l'aménagement du milieu (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La mise en œuvre des stratégies préconisées par la PCAM peut jouer un rôle majeur dans la création d’un environnement pédagogique plus sûr, puisqu’elle permet d’orienter le comportement des élèves comme celui des visiteurs. La PCAM repose sur trois principes de base étroitement liés et dont l’objet est de limiter les risques de crime, de même que les craintes de voir se produire des actes criminels.
    DOI: 10.1787/586545508673
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  • 21
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    Le financement des actifs des établissements d'enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Property Funding in New Zealand
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: Le système de financement particulier adopté par la Nouvelle-Zélande accorde une grande autonomie aux établissements d’enseignement publics en matière de gestion de leurs actifs par rapport à ce qui se passe dans la plupart des autres pays. Les écoles peuvent prétendre à un budget prédéterminé qui leur est versé par les trois « sources » de la structure de financement des actifs des établissements d’enseignement. Le recours original du gouvernement à la méthode de la comptabilité d’exercice, associé à un nouvel accord sur les Plans quinquennaux de gestion des actifs, permet aux établissements de connaître avec une grande précision le montant du financement des actifs dont ils disposent. En outre, ces derniers jouissent d’une grande autonomie dans la prise de décision concernant la modernisation de leurs bâtiments.
    DOI: 10.1787/587826848205
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  • 22
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    International Licensing and the Strengthening of Intellectual Property Rights in Developing Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.10
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Licences internationales et renforcement des droits de propriété intellectuelle dans les pays en développement
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study presents an empirical analysis of the extent to which stronger intellectual property rights promote international technology transfer through licensing activities. The analysis focuses on licensing activities of U.S. multinationals as well as on international licensing alliances between firms in developing and developed nations. Both aggregate level data and firm level data are examined. The study provides general support for the proposition that the strengthening of intellectual property rights - as measured by selected indicators - has had a net positive effect on technology transfer via licensing during the 1990s. The general implication of this study for developing economies is that IPR reform should be one part of a general strategy for promoting economic development in combination with other complementary policy reforms. In particular, patent rights and effective enforcement can be instrumental in enabling firms in developing nations to access and exploit technologies and know-how through licensing agreements with parties in developed nations. Overall, the analysis presented here indicates that where developing countries have moved to address weaknesses in these areas in recent years, they have tended to experience enhanced access to technology through licensing.
    DOI: 10.1787/283275542181
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  • 23
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    Asset Price Cycles, "One-Off" Factors and Structural Budget Balances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.391
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses two factors which may cause cyclically-adjusted budget balances to give a misleading picture of underlying fiscal trends. It first explores the implications of recent large asset-market related fluctuations in government revenues for the measurement of structural budget balances. And second, it reviews the impact of the increased recourse to stopgap “one-off” measures to control deficits. The results confirm that since the late 1990s revenues have been more buoyant than would have been warranted by the registered rate of nominal output growth and the impact of tax measures. The study suggests that from 1995 to 2000 the average contribution of “unwarranted” revenues to year-to-year changes in cyclically-adjusted budget positions ranged from negligible to around ½ per cent of GDP, the main countries affected being the United States, the United Kingdom, France and some Nordic countries. Conversely, the subsequent decline in tax receipts has been sharper than could ...
    DOI: 10.1787/305051767827
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  • 24
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    Take-Up of Welfare Benefits in OECD Countries : A Review of the Evidence (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.17
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the limited empirical and theoretical research on take-up of welfare benefits, i.e. the extent to which people eligible for various types of benefits actually receive them. Focus is mainly on entitlement programmes, where take-up reflects both decisions of eligible individuals to apply for benefits and the accuracy of administrative decisions as to whether these individuals should get the benefit in question or not. Estimates of the extent of take-up of welfare benefits are based on a variety of approaches, and typically combine both administrative and survey data. Despite these methodological differences, and the very few OECD countries for which estimates are available, the evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that low take-up of welfare benefits occurs both across countries and programmes. Estimates typically span a range of between 40% and 80% in the case of social assistance and housing programmes, and between 60% and 80% for ...
    DOI: 10.1787/525815265414
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  • 25
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    Background Paper for the OECD Workshop on Spam (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Note de synthèse pour l'atelier de l'OCDE sur le spam
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This background paper has been prepared to provide a broad overview of the issues associated with spam as information for participants at the OECD Workshop on Spam, to be held at the European Commission on 2-3 February 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232784860063
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  • 26
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    Business Dynamics in Europe (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This study presents evidence on firm entry and exit, growth and survival derived with new data from Eurostat, covering nine European Union member countries. One contribution of the study is an analysis of the role of data quality for studies of firm demographics. Confronting results obtained with the Eurostat data with those of a previous OECD cross-country firm-level data project reveals that different size thresholds and difficulties in distinguishing genuine firm entry and exit from mergers & acquisitions, ownership changes or changes in legal form can have sizeable impacts on results. Cross-country differences in firm entry and exit rates are analysed with a special emphasis on detailed information and communication technology (ICT) related sectors, which has not been possible with previously available cross-country data. After controlling for some basic factors, such as countries’ industry composition, crosscountry differences in entry and exit rates in mature sectors turn out ...
    DOI: 10.1787/250652270238
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  • 27
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    Wealth Effects on Money Demand in EMU : Econometric Evidence (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.411
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: This paper investigates the determinants of money demand (M3) in the euro area. It specifically examines the potential impact of financial and housing wealth on money demand. It tests the hypothesis, whether wealth associated with increases in asset prices is used to finance liquidity holdings in a standard portfolio context. Regressing velocity on interest rates and a wealth variable (a composite of residential property and stocks) within an error-correction framework provides evidence of positive wealth effects from financial and housing assets on money demand in the long run, but no significant impact in the short run. Tests suggests that the long-run and dynamic money demand equations are stable and have not been disrupted by the adoption of the euro on 1 January 1999, while the impact of wealth on money demand may have increased ...
    DOI: 10.1787/437345756132
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  • 28
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    Enhancing the Effectiveness of Public Spending : Experience in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.380
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In most OECD countries, public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP over the past decades to the mid-1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensify, in particular as a consequence of ageing populations. Since most OECD economies have very little scope for raising taxation or debt to finance higher spending, reforms to curb the growth in public spending while raising its cost effectiveness are now required. This paper presents a reform strategy for progress in this direction, based on detailed country reviews for over twothirds of OECD countries. Three main areas for action are identified: the budget process; management practices and the use of market mechanisms in the delivery of public services ...
    DOI: 10.1787/355505224723
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  • 29
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    The Reform of the Health Care System in Portugal (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.405
    Keywords: Economics ; Portugal
    Abstract: An ambitious reform to increase efficiency of the Portuguese health care system was launched in 2002. In contrast to previous attempts of gradual reforms, which were never fully implemented, the strategy has been to create a big bang in the health sector, making changes essentially irreversible. The reform has two main aims: to deliver better-quality public health services than at present but at no higher cost; and to reduce the underlying growth rate of public health-care spending over the medium term. New legislation approved includes the separation of the functions of regulation, financing and provision of health care services; setting up new models of financing for providers, which impose harder budget constraints; the introduction of incentives towards productivity, management and quality improvements; the possibility for the private sector to play a larger role in service provision; and the promotion of generic drugs. After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/080445552681
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  • 30
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Finland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.413
    Keywords: Wettbewerbspolitik ; Wettbewerbsrecht ; Deregulierung ; Finnland ; Economics ; Finland
    Abstract: Following the deep recession in the early 1990s growth has been strong, but the scope for economic catch-up remains considerable and cross-country empirical evidence suggests that enhancing competition is an important means of achieving this. Structural reforms to strengthen competition in the early 1990s did boost growth and were also ahead of similar developments in the EU. However, indicators suggest that relatively weak competition remains in a number of sectors. Moreover, potential competition is reduced by a sparse population and relative long distances to large markets, which together with the prevalence of local monopolies and public ownership in many network industries, point to the need for greater vigilance to sustain and promote competition. Further reforms to promote product market competition should focus on fundamental changes in the regulatory approach as well as more incremental measures to intensify competition. The competition authority should concentrate ...
    DOI: 10.1787/064577425651
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  • 31
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    Mobiliser l'opinion publique contre la pauvreté (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mobilising Public Opinion against Global Poverty
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les citoyens des pays de l'OCDE soutiennent sans réserve les actions en faveur de davantage de solidarité et de justice à l'échelle mondiale. Cependant, et malgré l'adoption des Objectifs de développement du millénaire par leurs gouvernements en 2000, ils connaissent mal les questions de développement international. S'ils étaient mieux informés, ils pourraient apporter un soutien renforcé à l’adoption de politiques de développement plus efficaces et plus cohérentes, ainsi qu'à une hausse des financements. Les autorités nationales doivent donc mieux faire connaître tant les objectifs poursuivis que les résultats et l'efficacité de leurs politiques de développement international.
    DOI: 10.1787/015116868263
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  • 32
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    ODA and Investment for Development : What Guidance Can Be Drawn from Investment Climate Scoreboards? (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/05
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The present paper was prepared in the context of a joint project between the OECD Investment Committee (IC) and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) on Official Development Assistance and Investment for Development. It responds to discussions at the IC-DAC Workshop on Synergies between ODA and Foreign Direct Investment on 11 March 2004, during which participants opined that development agencies lack information about the quality of the investment climate in developing countries and the likely repercussions for direct investment. The purpose of the present paper is threefold. First, it provides an overview of a variety of scoreboards for the investment climate that have been established by a number of actors, including the World Bank, UNCTAD and several private “think tanks”. Second, it documents their similarities and discrepancies in assessing the investment climates of developing, emerging and transition economies (henceforth jointly referred to as “developing countries”) ...
    DOI: 10.1787/337561142021
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  • 33
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    Irlande - Des écoles économes en énergie (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Low Energy Schools in Ireland
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Conformément à son engagement de réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone, le ministère irlandais de l’Éducation et de la Science a conçu et construit deux écoles économes en énergie, à Tullamore (comté d’ Offaly) et à Raheen (comté de Laois). Comme la consommation d’énergie dans les bâtiments est à l’origine d’environ 55 % du CO2 rejeté dans l’atmosphère qui contribue fortement au réchauffement planétaire, le ministère a étudié les techniques de construction et les systèmes les plus récents pouvant diminuer la consommation énergétique.
    DOI: 10.1787/608283442480
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    Policies Bearing on Product Market Competition and Growth in Europe (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.378
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The strength of product market competition plays an important role in economic growth as it affects economic efficiency and the allocation of resources, and can also lead to improved labour market performance. This paper examines product market competition and economic performance in the European Union. The Community’s competition rules, which apply whenever anti-competitive practices have an implication for cross-border trade, are enforced primarily by the Commission’s Directorate General for Competition, and complement national competition legislation. Reforms have been adopted recently to sharpen the toolkit and to increase the role of national authorities in the enforcement process. However, the toolkit could still be made more effective. Competition policy is complemented by, and partly overlapping with, the regulation of newly liberalised network industries. Despite the EU’s commendable efforts in this area, competition is still undermined by dominant incumbents in some ...
    DOI: 10.1787/346707867476
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  • 35
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    A Meeting Place to Learn in Rural Iceland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un lieu de rencontre où l'on apprend dans l'Islande rurale
    Keywords: Education ; Iceland
    Abstract: “On the day we heard that there was agreement to establish an upper secondary school in the region, every house in Snaefellsnes flew the Icelandic flag,” explained one parent in the first workshop to develop the Snaefellsnes Upper Secondary School. The new school in this rural Icelandic region will be a “meeting place to learn” for students aged 16 to 20.
    DOI: 10.1787/628345550623
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    Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia (Russian version) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282123140
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme de la réglementation des chemins de fer en Russie
    Keywords: Transport ; Russian Federation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282123140-ru
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    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Bulgaria 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Bulgarie 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Bulgarie 2004
    Keywords: Education ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This book gives an overview of the Bulgarian education system and describes its development since its development over the past decade. It provides an analysis of the entire education system, and identifies key directions for the reinforcement of the reform process in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students under rather difficult conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105171-en
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  • 38
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    Services Trade Liberalisation : Identifying Opportunities and Gains (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 136 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.1
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Libéralisation des échanges de services : Identification des possibilités et des avantages
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study has two components: identification of concrete examples of services exports by developing countries, and quantitative studies on the gains from services liberalisation. While the study is by no means comprehensive, and is subject to many limitations, two fundamental findings emerge. The first of these findings, documented in Part I of the study, is that there is clear evidence that developing countries have important service sector export interests beyond mode 4 (temporary movement of services supplying personnel), being global or regional players in sectors such as business services (out-sourcing), port and shipping services, audiovisual services, telecommunications, construction services and health services. The second of these findings, documented in Part II of the study, is that for most countries, including many developing countries, export-related gains from services liberalisation are neither the only nor the largest basis of expected gains. A large portion of benefits from services liberalisation derive, not from seeking better market access abroad, but from the increased competitiveness and efficiency of the domestic market. Together, the study’s two findings underscore the potential benefits of services liberalisation, both for developed and for developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/710267064875
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies Germany : National Health Accounts 2001 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.4
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the fourth in this series, presenting the German SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/353378157367
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    La condition des femmes en Inde, Kenya, Soudan et Tunisie (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.235
    Keywords: Development ; India ; Kenya ; Sudan ; Tunisia
    Abstract: The institutional framework of a country plays a determining role in the well-being of the women who live in it. This paper examines the cases of four case countries: India, Kenya, Sudan and Tunisia. In each of these case studies, the status of women has been analysed along with the reforms that have been implemented to improve it. Comparisons between the four countries have brought to light several obstacles to change in the institutional framework such as age-old traditions, religion, economic interests and parliamentary opposition. Where there are important initial obstacles, the government’s room for manoeuvre is limited, particularly in the short-term since magistrates, administrations, media and families often endeavour to postpone the application of new, more inclusive, laws. There are, however, examples of successful reform efforts. These successes are generally attributable to the presence of numerous women in parliament and government and in the legal service, the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/355565338134
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    Essai n 220: Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070318
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 220; Enchytraeid Reproduction Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 220: Enchytraeid Reproduction Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice est conçue pour évaluer les effets des produits chimiques sur la reproduction d’un ver enchytrée, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, dans le sol. Des enchytrées adultes sont exposés à une gamme de concentrations de la substance d'essai mélangée à un sol artificiel. Dix vers sont aléatoirement assignés à chaque récipient d'essai. Un essai de détermination de l’ordre de grandeur des concentrations devrait être utilisé, durant deux semaines, si des informations manquent. La durée de l'essai définitif est de six semaines. À la fin de l’essai le nombre total de vers juvéniles produits par animal parent et la survie des animaux parents sont évalués. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 1000 mg/kg. Le rapport d'essai inclut les changements morphologiques des adultes, le nombre de descendants. Le taux de reproduction des animaux exposés à la substance d'essai est comparé à celui des témoins afin de déterminer la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) et/ou la CEx, à l'aide d'un modèle de régression pour estimer la concentration qui entraînerait une réduction de x% du taux de reproduction. Les concentrations expérimentales doivent couvrir la CEx, de façon à ce que la CEx soit interpolée plutôt qu'extrapolée.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070318-fr
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  • 42
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    Dementia Care in 9 OECD Countries : A Comparative Analysis (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.13
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Dementia and its most common manifestation, Alzheimer’s disease, is a complex disorder that afflicts primarily the elderly, affecting an estimated 10 million people in OECD member countries. The complexity of the disease makes treating dementia extremely difficult, involving a wide variety of social and health care interventions. Typically, these two aspects of dementia care are examined separately. This paper adopts a conceptual model that examines both types of interventions and how they interact along the dementia care continuum. There are no effective health care treatments for stopping dementia, which is why the social care aspect plays an important role in treating the disease, with family members an integral part of this process. This paper shows that programs designed to help alleviate the burden of family members caring for a relative with dementia can have positive health benefits to both patient and family. In particular, the use of group-living, where dementia ...
    DOI: 10.1787/485700737071
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    The Swedish Activity Guarantee (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: Until recently, an unemployed person in Sweden who participated in an active labour market programme earned entitlement to a further 60 weeks of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. A "carousel" effect - cycling between periods of open unemployment and participation in active programmes - increasingly seen came to be seen as a factor making the active programmes less effective in promoting the transition to ordinary work. Following policy reforms in 2000 and 2001, participation in a programme no longer generates new UI entitlements. However, the public employment service (PES) can refer the unemployed to a new programme, the Activity Guarantee. This provides continuing income support, and engages participants in job-search and other activities in principle full-time until they find ordinary work. This paper summarises findings from two questionnaire surveys of the implementation of the Activity Guarantee. The first survey was addressed to PES case workers, who have direct ...
    DOI: 10.1787/631026763167
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    Nuclear Production of Hydrogen : Second Information Exchange Meeting -- Argonne, Illinois, USA 2-3 October 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107717
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Information Exchange Meeting on the Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2 : 2003 : Argonne, Ill.) Nuclear production of hydrogen
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; Konferenzschrift ; Wasserstofferzeugung ; Kernreaktion
    Abstract: Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable source of energy in the 21st century. Present methods for producing hydrogen are mainly based on the reforming of fossil fuels with subsequent release of greenhouse gases. To avoid producing greenhouse gases, the possibility to use heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants to produce hydrogen by water cracking is being investigated. This report presents the state of the art in the nuclear production of hydrogen and describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107717-en
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    Innovation in the Knowledge Economy : Implications for Education and Learning (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in the Knowledge Economy; Implications for Education and Learning (Hungarian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Today's "knowledge economies" are seeing the emergence of new paradigms for innovation and the advancement of knowledge in relation to economic activities. This report explores some key determinants of innovation and their implications for the advancement of knowledge in a particular sector – primary and secondary education. The analysis shows that there is considerable scope for certain drivers that have helped speed up innovation in other sectors to take effect in education. However, in practice, a number of basic characteristics of education systems have prevented innovation from changing this sector fundamentally. Nevertheless, educational policy makers can learn much from observing how innovation occurs and how sectors are transformed in the most knowledge intensive parts of the economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105621-en
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    Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications : Third Villigen Workshop - Villigen, Switzerland - 21-23 October 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Since 1998, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency has been organising a series of workshops to address the various aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. These workshops have been instrumental in forging consensus and improving understanding of key issues in this area. Building on the experience of the first two "Villigen workshops", the third in the series extensively analysed three case studies, which covered the licensing of a new facility, the clean-up and release of an old facility, and the rehabilitation of a large, contaminated area. Consideration was given to the stakeholder involvement processes that had been used, and the implications that that these did or could have on radiological protection policy, regulation and application. The workshop papers analysing these processes and implications are presented in these proceedings, which should provide valuable examples and lessons for governments, regulators and practitioners.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108264-en
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    Towards High-Performing Health Systems (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des systèmes de santé plus performants
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This volume offers a synthesis of findings from recent OECD studies undertaken as part of the three-year Health Project, an initiative geared towards answering many of the key questions facing today’s health policy makers. It provides information and analysis on a wide variety of topics, such as new and emerging health-related technologies, long-term care, private health insurance, health-care cost control, equity of access across income groups, health workforce planning and productivity, and waiting times for elective surgery. Building on international experience and grounded in new data on cross-country differences, this report offers an up-to-date map of the road to performance improvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015562-en
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    Internationalisation and Trade in Higher Education : Opportunities and Challenges (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseignement supérieur ; internationalisation et commerce
    Keywords: Education ; Trade
    Abstract: This book brings together up-to-date statistics, case studies and policy reports on the major trends and developments in cross-border post-secondary education in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. Topics covered include policy initiatives to promote cross-border post-secondary education; rationales for delivering or receiving cross-border education services; size and growth of cross-border post-secondary education in terms of student mobility, programme mobility, and institutional mobility (international branch campuses); assessment of the possible impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO); and challenges facing cross-border post-secondary education such as quality assurance and recognition of qualifications, cost and financing, equity of access, trade agreements, capacity building in receiving countries, mobility personnel, and cultural diversity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015067-en
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    Geological Disposal: Building Confidence Using Multiple Lines of Evidence : First AMIGO Workshop Proceedings - Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, 3-5 June 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: When preparing the safety case for a deep geological repository of radioactive waste, the integration of wide-ranging information from multidisciplinary sources is a complex task. This has provided the motivation for establishing AMIGO, an OECD/NEA international project on “Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case”. AMIGO is structured as a series of biannual topical workshops involving site characterisation and safety assessment practitioners with experience in both sedimentary and crystalline rock settings. The first AMIGO workshop was organised in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland on 3-5 June 2003. The main objective of the workshop was to exchange views on building confidence in analyses and arguments that support the safety case using multiple lines of evidence and integrating the work of geoscientists and safety assessors. These proceedings present the outcomes of this workshop.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015937-en
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    South East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth : Albania - Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Albania
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Albania and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030886-en
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    OECD Economic Surveys: Slovak Republic 2004 (Slovak version) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015005
    Language: Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2004
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: SPECIAL FEATURERationalising public spending
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015005-sk
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    School Property Funding in New Zealand (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des actifs des établissements d'enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand’s special funding system allows state schools a greater level of independence in managing their property compared to most other countries. Schools receive a fixed budget as an entitlement from the three “pots” of the educational property funding structure. The government’s unique use of accrual accounting together with a new Five-Year Property Plan agreement gives schools a high degree of certainty of the property funding available, as well as responsibility for deciding how to modernise their own buildings.
    DOI: 10.1787/606406460144
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    Income-Related Inequality in the Use of Medical Care in 21 OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This study updates and extends a previous study on equity in physician utilisation for a subset of the countries analyzed here (Van Doorslaer, Koolman and Puffer, 2002). It updates results to 2000 for 13 countries and adds new results for eight countries: Australia, Finland, France, Hungary, Mexico, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden. Both simple quintile distributions and concentration indices were used to assess horizontal equity, i.e. the extent to which adults in equal need for physician care appear to have equal rates of medical care utilisation. With respect to physician utilisation, need is more concentrated among the worse off, but after “standardizing out” these need differences, significant horizontal inequity favoring the better off is found in about half of the countries, both for the probability and the total number of visits. The degree of pro-rich inequity in doctor use is highest in the US, followed by Mexico, Finland, Portugal and Sweden. In the majority ...
    DOI: 10.1787/687501760705
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    Triadic Patent Families Methodology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Patent indicators – within the science and technology (S&T) context – are used to measure inventive performance, diffusion of knowledge and internationalisation of innovative activities – across countries, firms, industries, technology areas, etc. A common approach is to calculate patent indicators based on information (filings, grants, etc.) from a particular patent office. While the richness and strength of those indicators are broadly recognised, they are affected by “home” advantage bias – where proportionate to their inventive activity, domestic applicants tend to file more patents in their home country compared to foreign applicants. Patents taken in various countries to protect inventions can be linked together to build triadic patent families: a set of patents taken at the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that share one or more priorities. Patent families are derived from priority application ...
    DOI: 10.1787/443844125004
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    The Impact of Exchange Rate Regimes on Real Exchange Rates in South America, 1990-2002 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.396
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on real exchange rates, as defined by the relative price of nontradables to tradables in Argentina, Brazil, Chile (ABC) and Mexico from 1990 to 2002. The real exchange rate is determined in the long-run by the Balassa-Samuelson effect, but in the medium run also by government expenditure and terms of trade. Another determinant is fixed exchange rate regimes, which force exporters to adjust their local price of tradables. Moreover, fixed regimes attract portfolio inflows that increase demand and prices for nontradables. The econometric results of the paper confirm the impact of exchange rate regimes on relative prices in all countries except Chile, which maintained exchange rate flexibly and adopted capital controls ...
    DOI: 10.1787/256327408747
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    "Indirect Expropriation" and the "Right to Regulate" in International Investment Law (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L' "expropriation indirecte" et le "droit de réglementer" dans le droit international de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: It is a well recognised rule in international law that the property of aliens cannot be taken, whether for public purposes or not, without adequate compensation. Two decades ago, the disputes before the courts and the discussions in academic literature focused mainly on the standard of compensation and measuring of expropriated value. The divergent views of the developed and developing countries raised issues regarding the formation and evolution of customary law. Today, the more positive attitude of countries around the world toward foreign investment and the proliferation of bilateral treaties and other investment agreements requiring prompt, adequate and effective compensation for expropriation of foreign investments have largely deprived that debate of practical significance for foreign investors. Disputes on direct expropriation – mainly related to nationalisation that marked the 70s and 80s -- have been replaced by disputes related to foreign investment regulation ...
    DOI: 10.1787/780155872321
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    Tax Treatment of Private Pension Savings in OECD Countries and the Net Tax Cost Per Unit of Contribution to Tax-Favoured Schemes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 108 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.406
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides, for all OECD countries, an estimate of the net tax cost per currency unit of contribution to a tax-favoured retirement savings plan, using a present-value methodology. The latter takes into account the future flows of revenues foregone on accrued income and of revenues collected on benefit withdrawals corresponding to a unit contribution made in a given year. The net tax cost is first calculated for nine (five-year) age groups, which have different relative income levels and investment time horizons, and is then averaged across age groups. In order to take into consideration the relevant country-specific features of savings taxation, the paper also provides an overview of the tax treatment of private pension arrangements and alternative savings vehicles. The results indicate that the size of tax subsidy varies significantly across countries, ranging from nearly 40 cents per unit of contribution (Czech Republic) to around zero (Mexico, New Zealand). Over half of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/387535760801
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    Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making : processes and implications; third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21 - 23 October 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264108262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radiation protection
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108264-en
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Sweden
    Abstract: Swedish energy policy combines strong government involvement with the judicious use of market forces. This dual approach has generally worked well, giving Sweden a reliable, low-cost and environmentally sound energy supply. Sweden must now resolve the future of its nuclear power plants, which provide nearly 50% of the country’s electricity. The government must work with stakeholders to find a credible solution.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107946-en
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    Co-ordination at the Centre of Government : The Functions and Organisation of the Government Office Comparative; Analysis of OECD Countries, CEECs and Western Balkan Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.35
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: A well-functioning government office acts as a co-ordinator of the decision-making system and as such is crucial for the government’s capacity to define and pursue its collective objectives. The “Government Office” is a generic term that refers to the institution(s) at the centre of government responsible for supporting the Prime Minister and serving the Council of Ministers as a collective decision-making body. This paper describes and analyses the functions and organisation of government offices in a comparative context, covering OECD member countries, central and eastern European countries (CEECs), and countries of the Western Balkans (ex-Yugoslavia and Albania). The analysis is based on information gathered by Sigma and GOV (PUMA)1 since the mid 1990’s, supplemented by results of a written questionnaire administered by Sigma and GOV in 2003.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml60v4x2f6-en
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    Average and Marginal Effective Tax Rates Facing Workers in the EU : A Micro-Level Analysis of Levels, Distributions and Driving Factors (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union
    Abstract: Macro-based effective tax rate (ETR) measures do not provide information on the level or distribution of marginal effective tax rates thought to influence household behaviour. They also do not capture differences in average ETRs facing different population sub-groups. I use EUROMOD, an EUwide tax-benefit model, to derive distributions of average and marginal ETR measures for fourteen countries. Results for each country show how many and which types of individuals face different ETR levels. I consider effective tax burdens on labour income as well as the marginal tax rates faced by working men and women. Results are broken down to isolate the influence of income taxes, social contributions and various types of social benefits ...
    DOI: 10.1787/652730151886
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    The Security Economy (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie de la sécurité
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: With the market for security goods and services having expanded rapidly since 9/11, this study examines the potential costs of major disruptions, the trade-offs between tighter security and economic efficiency, and the implications of tighter security for privacy and other democratic liberties.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107748-en
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    European Integration of Rail Freight Transport (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.125
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'intégration européenne des transports ferroviaires de marchandises
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: The Round Table looks at how the European railway landscape is being reshaped. In doing so, it presents lessons which stand to benefit transport policy throughout Europe.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113219-en
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Korea (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.399
    Keywords: Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Maintaining rapid economic growth depends increasingly on productivity gains, particularly in the service sector. Competition has an important role to play in achieving such gains. However, Korea’s development strategy has tended to weaken competition and has left a legacy of government intervention. Strengthening competition requires upgrading competition policy, increasing openness to international trade and foreign direct investment and improving the regulatory framework in network industries. In particular, the power of the Korea Fair Trade Commission should be expanded, while raising the level of sanctions and scaling back special treatment for certain sectors. Barriers to imports remain above the OECD average, particularly in agriculture, while the stock of inward direct investment is among the lowest in the OECD area. Restructuring plans in the network industries, notably electricity and gas, have lagged behind schedule. Price distortions and the absence of independent ...
    DOI: 10.1787/634035868056
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    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Germany 2004 : Consolidating Economic and Social Renewal (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Allemagne 2004 ; consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform; Deutschland; Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Allemagne 2004 : consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform: Deutschland: Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: This report argues for adjustments to regulatory governance traditions so that necessary changes can take place more quickly, at least cost to the economy and with the participation of all relevant stakeholders.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107861-en
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    Channels for Narrowing the US Current Account Deficit and Implications for Other Economies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.390
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: In this paper the OECD’s interlink model is used to explore several possible channels through which a narrowing of the US current account deficit could occur. The shocks considered include dollar depreciation, fiscal consolidation, and an improvement in the non-price competitiveness of US producers. A key conclusion is that shocks would have to be very large in order to materially reduce the US external deficit. In part, this is because second-round effects, including domestic policy responses, tend to offset the shocks’ initial impact. In addition, it is clear that each of the channels for narrowing the deficit involves risks to growth in the rest of the world, particularly in Japan where the authorities have limited room to use monetary or fiscal policy to offset any contractionary pressures. The exchange rate simulations highlight the fact that more exchange rate flexibility in Asia would spread the burden of adjustment more evenly across US trading partners. Attention is also ...
    DOI: 10.1787/263550547141
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Norway (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.389
    Keywords: Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: Norwegian growth has been strong over the past decade. This development has been supported by the off-shore sector, but depleting oil reserves implies that growth will have to rely increasingly on the mainland economy. Empirical work shows that competition is important for promoting economic growth. Recognising the benefits of competition, the government wants to introduce regulatory reforms to stimulate economic growth. However, the promotion of competition has often conflicted with other policy objectives, such as maintaining a regionally dispersed population and a high degree of public ownership. This has lead to weak competition in a number of sectors, resulting in high prices, weak innovative activity and inefficient resource allocation. Reforms to promote product market competition in Norway should therefore inter alia focus on separating the public sector’s roles and functions as owner and regulator. This requires an increase in the independence of sector ...
    DOI: 10.1787/610454227534
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    Low Energy Schools in Ireland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Irlande - Des écoles économes en énergie
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Out of a commitment to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, Ireland’s Department of Education and Science has designed and constructed two low energy schools, in Tullamore, County Offaly, and Raheen, County Laois. With energy use in buildings responsible for approximately 55% of the CO2 released into the atmosphere and a major contributor to global warming, the Department researched the latest construction techniques and systems that lower energy consumption.
    DOI: 10.1787/617451000554
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  • 69
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    Fifty Years of Transport Policy (Russian version) : Successes, Failures and New Challenges (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282113103
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fifty Years of Transport Policy; Successes, Failures and New Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cinquante ans de politique des transports ; Succès, échecs et nouveaux défis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fifty Years of Transport Policy: Successes, Failures and New Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cinquante ans de politique des transports : Succès, échecs et nouveaux défis
    Keywords: Transport
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282113103-ru
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    Restructuring Russia's Electricity Sector : Towards Effective Competition or Faux Liberalisation? (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.403
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Russia in 2003 embarked on the restructuring of its electricity sector. The reform is intended to introduce competition into electricity production and supply, leaving dispatch, transmission and distribution as regulated natural monopolies with non-discriminatory third-party access to the networks. The ultimate aim of the reform is to create conditions that will encourage both investment in new capacity and greater efficiency of both production and consumption. The overall approach embodied in the reform is promising. However, there remains a serious risk that its aims could be subverted by special-interest lobbying during the lengthy implementation phase. If the reform is to succeed, the marketised segments of the sector must be characterised by real competition based on economically meaningful prices. There are two dangers here. The first is that private-sector interests will secure strategic holdings that allow them to exercise market power or even local monopoly power. The ...
    DOI: 10.1787/271755770050
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    Generic Top Level Domain Names : Market Development and Allocation Issues (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.84
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Domain Name System’s need to have unique identifiers, and a consequent need for there to be a single registry for each name, means that any registry can exercise a degree of monopoly power over the domain for which it has responsibility.
    DOI: 10.1787/232630011251
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  • 72
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    Biometric-based Technologies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.101
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Technologies fondées sur la biométrie
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report is intended to provide an understanding of the benefits and limitations of biometric-based technologies. It also includes information on existing privacy and security methodologies for assessing biometrics.
    DOI: 10.1787/232075642747
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Denmark : National Health Accounts 2000 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.3
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the third in this series, presenting the Danish SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/345241776865
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    ICT, E-Business and Small and Medium Enterprises (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.86
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC, le commerce électronique et les PME
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCs and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes. As is the case with all technologies, small businesses are slower than large ones to adopt new ICTs. Commercial considerations and potential returns are the principal drivers of small business adoption and profitable use. Principal reasons for non-adoption are lack of applicability and little incentive to change business models when returns are unclear. SMEs also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills, technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/232556551425
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  • 75
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    Which Policies Can Reduce the Cost of Capital in Southern Africa ? (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelles politiques pour réduire le coût du capital en Afrique australe ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Lowering interest rates and, thus, the cost of borrowing in the rand zone (Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland and South Africa) is a priority to promote investment and economic growth. . Local-currency interest rates in these countries are driven by those on rand-denominated transactions. Reducing the level and volatility of the rand premium would help reduce ?nancing costs in the region. . Policies should promote: enhancing ?nancial-market liquidity; easier access to South African ?nancial markets for African entities; domestic saving capacity; and the improvement of international perception of the rand. . Johannesburg could become a ?nancial “hub” for the region, channelling cheap resources to its neighbours.
    DOI: 10.1787/566107725234
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    Towards an East Asia Free Trade Area (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un Accord de libre-échange en Asie de l'Est
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The inaugural Policy Insight, "Towards an East Asian Free Trade Area", by Shujiro Urata, looks at the progress towards and consequences of an East Asian FTA, not only for the region itself, but also the world economy and for non members of the FTA. It discusses a topic of immediate relevance to current evolutions in the world trading system, particularly with regard to the position of China and the dynamic economies of the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/024060486456
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  • 77
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    Multinationals and U.S. Productivity Leadership : Evidence from Great Britain (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
    DOI: 10.1787/125181786028
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    SHA-Based National Health Accounts in Thirteen OECD Countries : A Comparative Analysis (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The purpose of the System of Health Accounts Changes in health systems and concomitant health policy questions have been challenging the traditional system of health expenditure statistics over the last couple of decades. What are the major factors accounting for health expenditure growth? What factors explain the differences between countries in expenditure growth? How to ensure sustainable financing? What are the major factors accounting for the differences in the structure of health spending? How are the changes in health spending structure and the performance of health systems related? In order to answer such questions, reliable, comparable and appropriately detailed health expenditure data are required. The System of Health Accounts intends to provide the foundation for health statistics that are able to meet these challenges. Box 1 What is the System of Health Accounts? The System of Health Accounts (SHA) proposes an integrated system of comprehensive and internationally ...
    DOI: 10.1787/131855120122
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    Selecting Indicators for the Quality of Health Promotion, Prevention and Primary Care at the Health Systems Level in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for health promotion and primary care. Using a structured review process, the panel selected a set of 27 indicators to cover the three key areas health promotion, preventive care and diagnosis and treatment in primary care. The report describes the review process and provides a detailed discussion of the scientific soundness and policy importance of the 27 indicators as follows ...
    DOI: 10.1787/627626833816
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  • 80
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    Relationships between International Investment Agreements (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relations entre les accords internationaux sur l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: International, bilateral and regional agreements have proliferated in the last ten years to twenty years and new ones are still being negotiated. It is thus virtually certain that for some more time to come international investment disciplines will continue to co-exist side by side with different terms and sets of parties, and various degrees of overlap. It is therefore important to understand how these agreements would continue to interact and how their overlaps and differences could be managed in a harmonious way. The present study, with due regard to the complexity of the issues, seeks to increase the level of understanding of the relationships between international investment disciplines, drawing on an analysis of key international investment agreements (IIAs) and OECD’s experience with the relationship between its own instruments and other relevant agreements.1 The study is organised as follows. Section 1 broadly states the issues being addressed in the paper ...
    DOI: 10.1787/171461325566
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    A New Library for Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une nouvelle bibliothèque pour l'Institut de technologie Galway-Mayo
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: The newly-built library at Ireland’s Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT) is innovative in design, responds to environmental conditions and identifies the campus with its location.
    DOI: 10.1787/627167257715
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    Handbook on Hedonic Indexes and Quality Adjustments in Price Indexes : Special Application to Information Technology Products (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 255 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/09
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This handbook reviews the methods employed in price indexes to adjust for quality change: “conventional” quality adjustment methods, which are explained in Chapter II, and hedonic price indexes (Chapter III). Hedonic indexes have a prominent place in price indexes for information and communication technology (ICT) products in several OECD countries, and are also used for measuring prices for some other goods and services, notably housing. The handbook’s objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the merits and shortcomings of conventional and hedonic methods, and to provide an analytic basis for choosing among them. This handbook compares and contrasts the logic and statistical properties of hedonic methods and conventional methods and the results of employing them in different circumstances. In Chapter IV, it reviews empirical evidence on the difference that alternative methods make in practice, and offers an evaluation framework for determining which is better. In ...
    DOI: 10.1787/643587187107
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    Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in Sweden (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.388
    Keywords: Economics ; Sweden
    Abstract: Vigorous product market competition plays a central role in bolstering productivity growth. Sweden has strengthened competition legislation and deregulated a number of sectors, including electricity, telecommunications and parts of transport, over the past 10 to 15 years. This paper examines the current state of product market competition and proposes further measures. A stronger institutional framework would facilitate identification and elimination of anti-competitive behaviour, such as hard-core cartels. Efforts to inject effective competition into a range of network industries have been broadly successful, but specific measures could increase competition in several sectors, such as retail and construction. There is also room to boost competition in Sweden’s large and decentralised public sector and in its interactions with the private sector, so that competitive neutrality applies to all public sector activities ...
    DOI: 10.1787/735381855384
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  • 84
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    La Business Academy Bexley : Une école britannique à financement semi-privé (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The United Kingdom's Part-Privately Funded Business Academy Bexley
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: La Business Academy Bexley est l’un des premiers établissements d’État autonomes spécialisés fonctionnant en Europe avec des financements mixtes. Elle s’inscrit dans la nouvelle démarche adoptée par le Royaume-Uni pour relever le niveau éducatif dans les zones socialement et scolairement défavorisées. L’établissement a été conçu pour faciliter l’intégration des élèves et de la population locale et améliorer le processus d’apprentissage.
    DOI: 10.1787/607642351720
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    The Jobs Challenge in Poland : Policies to Raise Employment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.414
    Keywords: Economics ; Poland
    Abstract: With almost 50 per cent of the working age population not working, improving labour market performance represents an essential and daunting challenge for Poland. While some of today’s joblessness is cyclical in nature, most of it appears to be structural. This paper argues that to increase employment levels policy will need to focus on reducing significantly the inactivity traps inherent in the Polish personal transfer system, while improving the efficiency and targeting of social transfers to ensure resources flow to those truly in need. Simultaneously, efforts must be extended to increase firms' propensity to hire the outof-work, by lowering the costs of low-skill labour, reducing associated administrative and regulatory costs and in the longer term by providing graduates with more relevant skills. This paper outlines reforms in each of these areas which, if implemented, would serve to reverse the recent decline in employment and improve the fairness of income ...
    DOI: 10.1787/460631628533
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    The Slovak Health Insurance System and The Potential Role for Private Health Insurance : Policy Challenges (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.11
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This paper analyses the Slovak health insurance system and the policy challenges it faces. It describes the structure of health coverage and health sector reforms being implemented by the Slovak government. It provides a preliminary assessment of the possible impact of such reforms, with a focus on the health insurance system and the possible introduction of private health insurance (PHI). It assesses how private health insurance would impact upon the health system, particularly equity, efficiency incentives facing providers and insurers, and responsiveness. The Slovak health system is based upon a mandatory Bismarck-style social health insurance system. Contributions are shared between employers and employees and the state contributes for the inactive population. Five non-profit and non-competing insurers operate nationwide, one of which covers two-thirds of the population. Individuals can freely enrol with any of the insurance companies and a risk equalisation system ...
    DOI: 10.1787/561285317408
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    Measuring atypical jobs : levels and changes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten) , Diagramme, Tabellen
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2004/01
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Over the past years, non-standard, flexible employment contracts have gained in importance in many OECD countries. This has made it difficult for statisticians to apply standard classifications of working arrangements to measure and analyse labour market developments. This paper presents a new classification of atypical working arrangements, developed by Istat, the Italian Statistical Institute. The paper also uses this classification to quantify the level of atypical jobs and their development between 1996 and 2002 ...
    DOI: 10.1787/304848747482
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    Detailed Review Paper on Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay for the Detection of Thyroid Active Substances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079144-en
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    Selecting Indicators for the Quality of Mental Health Care at the Health Systems Level in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.17
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for mental health care. Using a structured review process, the panel selected a set of 12 indicators to cover the four key areas treatment, continuity of care, coordination of care, and patient outcomes. The report describes the review process and provides a detailed discussion of the scientific soundness and policy importance of the 12 indicators as follows ...
    DOI: 10.1787/388745076135
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  • 90
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    Innovative Approaches to Funding the Millennium Development Goals (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.24
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Financer les objectifs du millénaire pour le développement
    Keywords: Development ; Millenniumsziele
    Abstract: • Despite post-Monterrey donor initiatives, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are underfinanced. • The revenue potential, the additionality and the speed of availability of new finance sources, and their political feasibility, are of particular importance. • On these criteria, it is unlikely that global taxes will be introduced in time. • The International Finance Facility, strengthened use of public guarantees and Global Premium Bonds, perhaps in combination, may stand a better chance of providing additional funds for the MDGs. • The most straightforward way to avoid underfunding of the Goals is to raise ODA further.
    DOI: 10.1787/580523311442
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    Factors Driving Risk Premia (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.385
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses the extent to which the fall in risk premia of a number of financial assets, which occurred throughout 2003, was due to improvements in factors specific to individual markets at that time or to general economic fundamentals coupled with OECD-wide abundant liquidity. Regarding the latter two factors, principal component analysis was used here to identify a common trend in risk premia in equity, corporate bond and emerging markets since early 1998. The analysis finds that both economic fundamentals and liquidity have played a statistically significant role in driving the common factor. It also finds that liquidity (measured as the GDP weighted average of M3 of the three major economies less its trend) performs better than similarly weighted short-term interest rates. By spring 2004, the common factor in different risk premia had fallen below what could be explained by economic fundamentals and liquidity ...
    DOI: 10.1787/738228687051
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    Public Opinion Polling and the Millennium Development Goals (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.238
    Keywords: Development ; Millenniumsziele ; Demoskopie
    Abstract: Monitoring changes in public awareness and attitudes in rich countries towards aid and other international development policy issues is extremely difficult: due to lack of systematic polling or monitoring, there is no reliable, comparable data across DAC member countries. This paper suggests a way to address this problem: a common questionnaire for all DAC countries to use in their national surveys, centred on the Millennium Development Goals. It sums up the process that led to the setting up of this questionnaire, provides a short analysis of the main methodological issues and brings together three versions, respectively for face-to-face, phone or mail processing. These should allow information and communication professionals, as well as policy makers, to improve the comparability of public opinion surveys in OECD DAC member countries on development and the MDGs, especially if — as proposed by the European Commission’s Directorate General for Development — parts of the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/645770304446
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  • 93
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    Test No. 432: In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432; Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to evaluate photo-cytotoxicity by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the chemical in the presence versus absence of light. Balb/c 3T3 cells are maintained in culture for 24 h for formation of monolayers. Two 96-well plates are pre-incubated with eight different concentrations of the test substance for 1 h. Thereafter one of the two plates is exposed to the highest non-cytotoxic irradiation dose whereas the other plate is kept in the dark. Cytotoxicity in this test is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the Vital dye Neutral Red (NR) when measured 24 hours after treatment with the test chemical and irradiation. NR penetrates cell membranes by non-diffusion, accumulating in lysosomes. Alterations of the cell surface of the sensitive lysosomal membrane lead to lysosomal fragility and other changes that gradually become irreversible. Such changes result in a decreased uptake and binding of NR. It is thus possible to distinguish between viable, damaged or dead cells. To predict the phototoxic potential, the concentration responses obtained in the presence and in the absence of irradiation are compared, usually at the IC50 level, i.e., the concentration reducing cell viability to 50 % compared to the untreated controls. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071162-en
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  • 94
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Japan : National Health Accounts 2000 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.6
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the sixth in this series, presenting the Japanese SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/368578225084
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  • 95
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    Business Dynamics, Regulation and Performance (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Building on an earlier study of patterns on firm entry, exit growth and survival based on new data from Eurostat covering nine European Union member countries (Brandt, 2004), this paper takes a closer look at the role of policies and institutions for firm entry and survival and at the link between new firm creation and economic performance. The earlier study revealed that firm entry rates, i.e. the number of new firms in a market in relation to all active enterprises, were particularly high in Information and Communication (ICT) related industries in recent years. This lends some support to the idea present in some theories of economic growth that new firms are important for the development and implementation of new technologies. This paper takes a closer look at the relationship between firm entry and economic performance. Results reveals that high rates of firm entry tend to coincide with rapid productivity, output and employment growth, especially in the ICT related services ...
    DOI: 10.1787/573033480640
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  • 96
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    Perspectives de l'investissement international (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264299184
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Investment Perspectives 2002
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264299184-fr
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  • 97
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    Test No. 220: Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220; Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220: Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil. Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into an artificial soil. Ten worms are randomly allocated to each test vessel. A range-finding test should be used, for two weeks, in case of no sufficient information. The duration of the definitive test is six weeks. At the end the total number of juveniles produced by parent animal and the survival of parent animals are assessed. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. The study report should include the adult morphological changes, the number of offspring. The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070301-en
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  • 98
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    Private Health Insurance in France (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: While France has a universal public health insurance system, the coverage it provides is incomplete and the vast majority the French population has private complementary health insurance. Among OECD countries, the share of health care financed by private insurance is third highest behind the US and the Netherlands, two countries where private coverage is the primary source of payment for a large percentage of the population. France’s high rate of private insurance coverage is partly explained by historical factors and partly by the preferential tax treatment of employer-sponsored coverage. Because of the high rate of employerprovision – roughly half of all contracts are obtained through the workplace – coverage tends to vary with activity and industry classification. Historically, coverage was also positively related with income. In 2000, the French government introduced a new program, the Couverture Maladie Universelle (CMU), which extended eligibility for publicly funded ...
    DOI: 10.1787/555485381821
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  • 99
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    L' université Laval à Québec, un plan de développement immobilier (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A Building Development Plan at Laval University, Quebec
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: L’Université Laval est le théâtre d’un développement fulgurant, ce qui n’est sûrement pas étranger au fait qu’elle offre aujourd’hui plus de 350 programmes d’étude à plus de 36 000 étudiants. Parmi les importants travaux en cours, ou sur le point de s’amorcer, sont traités ici trois projets : le Centre de transformation sur le bois ouvré, le Centre d’optique, photonique et laser et le Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry. L’historique du campus de l’Université Laval se trouve en fin d’article.
    DOI: 10.1787/621211362506
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  • 100
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    SHA-Based Health Accounts in 13 OECD Countries - Country Studies - Canada : National Health Accounts 1999 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.2
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Canada
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried out by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the second in this series, presenting the Canadian SHA-based health accounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/334820318254
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