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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (24)
  • 2015-2019  (24)
  • Paris : OECD  (24)
  • Entwicklungsländer  (13)
  • Governance  (11)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (24)
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Year
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD reviews of digital transformation : going digital in Colombia (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264943483
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of digital transformation
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Colombia ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Colombia analyses recent developments of the digital economy in the country, reviews policies related to digitalisation and makes recommendations to increase policy coherence in this area. The report examines recent developments in infrastructures for the digital economy, telecom markets and related regulations and policies in Colombia. It reviews trends in the use of digital technologies by individuals, businesses and the government, and examines policies to foster diffusion. The report also examines opportunities and challenges raised by digitalisation for production, innovation, jobs and skills. The report reconsiders these policies in relation to their coherence among different domains and in order to foster synergies across government ministries, levels and institutions, based on the integrated policy framework of the OECD's Going Digital: Making the Transformation Work for Growth and Well-being project.
    DOI: 10.1787/781185b1-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transition finance : introducing a new concept (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 54
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.54
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Auslandsinvestition ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In answer to the call expressed within the Addis Ababa Action Agenda to mobilise all available resources – domestic and foreign, public and private – in support of the Sustainable Development Goals, the Development Co-operation Directorate develops a new work stream on transition finance to explore the evolution and interaction of public (official development assistance and other official flows) and private (foreign direct investments and remittances) sources of finance across the development continuum – studying multiple stages of development: low income countries, middle income countries, fragile contexts, and different regions of the world. Its ultimate objective is to advise the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in preparing countries for transition (outlining the optimal financial mix and offering policy recommendations) and in building resilience. This paper introduces the concept of transition finance and initiates research to advise the DAC on its role as a major provider of development assistance among other public and private providers of financing for the 2030 Agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/2dad64fb-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD skills strategy Flanders : assessment and recommendations (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309791 , 9789264309814 , 9789264309807
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Flanders
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Flandern ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Flandern ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: Better skills policies help build economic resilience, boost employment and reinforce social cohesion. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a framework to analyse their skills strengths and challenges. Each OECD Skills Strategy diagnostic report reflects a set of skills challenges identified by broad stakeholder engagement and OECD comparative evidence while offering concrete examples of how other countries have tackled similar skills challenges. These reports tackle questions such as: How can countries maximise their skills potential? How can they improve their performance in developing relevant skills, activating skills supply and using skills effectively? What is the benefit of a whole-of-government approach to skills? How can governments build stronger partnerships with employers, trade unions, teachers and students to deliver better skills outcomes? OECD Skills Strategy diagnostic reports provide new insights into these questions and help identify the core components of successful skills strategies. This report is part of the OECD’s ongoing work on building effective national and local skills strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309791-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Engaging employers and developing skills at the local level in Australia (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304888
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews on local job creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engaging employers and developing skills at the local level in Australia
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Unternehmer ; Kommunalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Australien ; Education ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia
    Abstract: Local vocational education and training programmes serve as a valuable educational pathway to improve the transition from school to work. Within the VET system, quality apprenticeship programmes can provide employers with a skilled workforce that is more agile in a rapidly evolving global economy while also supporting new employment opportunities for disadvantaged groups. This report focuses on how to better engage employers in apprenticeship and other work-based skills development programmes aligned with growing sectors of the local economy. A key part of this report was the implementation of an employer-based survey, which gathered information from over 300 Australian employers about their skills needs and barriers to apprenticeship participation. The report also provides information on four case studies, including Sydney Metro and STEMship in New South Wales, Collective Education in Tasmania, and the Dream, Believe, Achieve programme in Queensland. The case studies demonstrate how local organisations are building stronger business-education partnerships.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304888-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learning from results-based management evaluations and reviews (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 53
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.53
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Management ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What have we learned from implementing results-based management in development co-operation organisations? What progress and benefits can be seen? What are the main challenges and unintended consequences? Are there good practices to address these challenges? To respond to these questions this paper reviews and analyses the findings from various evaluations and reviews of results-based management systems conducted by members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the OECD/DAC Results Community Secretariat and other bodies in the past four years (2015-2018). It also draws on emerging lessons from new methods for managing development co-operation results. This analytical work aims to: identify recent trends in results-based management, explore challenges faced by providers when developing their results approaches and systems, select good practices in responding to these challenges that can be useful for the OECD/DACResults Community, considering new approaches, new technologies and evolving contexts. This body of evidence will inform the development of a core set of generic guiding principles for results-based management in development co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/3fda0081-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring innovation in education 2019 : what has changed in the classroom? (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (335 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan Measuring innovation in education 2019
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Bildung ; Innovation ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Schule ; Lernen ; Innovation ; Schulleistungsmessung
    Abstract: Measuring innovation in education and understanding how it works is essential to improve the quality of the education sector. Monitoring systematically how pedagogical practices evolve would considerably increase the international education knowledge base. We need to examine whether, and how, practices are changing within classrooms and educational organisations and how students use learning resources. We should know much more about how teachers change their professional development practices, how schools change their ways to relate to parents, and, more generally, to what extent change and innovation are linked to better educational outcomes. This would help policy makers to better target interventions and resources, and get quick feedback on whether reforms do change educational practices as expected. This would enable us to better understand the role of innovation in education. This new edition of Measuring Innovation in Education examines what has (or has not) changed for students over the past decade in OECD education systems. It reviews no fewer than 150 educational practices. The report casts light on systemic innovation in primary and secondary education, with a focus on pedagogical innovation. Has the use of technology spread? Have assessments become more important in pedagogical practices? Are students given more agency in their learning? Are they still asked to memorise facts and procedures? Do teachers increasingly engage students in peer learning activities? These are some of the questions this book seeks to answer. This report also presents some preliminary findings about the links between innovation and educational performance. This book will offer precious insights to policy makers, the education community and all those who seek to understand how educational practices are evolving.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311671-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Working and learning together : rethinking human resource policies for schools (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264981966
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (353 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of school resources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working and learning together
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Personalentwicklung ; Schule ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Governance
    Abstract: The staff working in schools are the most important resource for today’s education systems, both educationally and financially. This report aims to provide guidance for the design of human resource policies that strengthen, recognise and preserve the positive impact that teachers, school leaders and other school staff have on their students. It offers an in-depth analysis of how human resource policies can make the best use of available resources to create supportive working environments and build both individual and collective professional capacity in schools. This includes the design of entry requirements, career structures, salary schedules and working time arrangements to attract, retain and motivate high-quality staff; the effective and equitable matching of staff with schools through fair and transparent staff funding and recruitment; and informed investments in professional learning, from initial preparation to continuing development. Throughout its analysis, the report looks at implementation challenges and considers under which conditions human resource policy reforms are most likely to have the desired effects on schools and their staff. This report is the third in a series of thematic comparative reports bringing together findings from the OECD School Resources Review.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7aaf050-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From analysis to action (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264900677
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Multi-Dimensional Review of Panama Volume 3
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Series Statement: Multi-dimensional review of Panama
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; Volume 3: From analysis to action
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Panama Economic conditions ; Panama Economic policy ; Congresses ; Panama Social conditions ; Congresses ; Panama Economic policy ; Electronic books ; Education ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Development ; Panama
    Abstract: This MDCR is designed to help Panama formulate development strategies, and identify and support the policy reforms needed to achieve further sustainable and inclusive development. This review comes at a time when Panama is achieving high economic growth but further policy action is needed to expand socio-economic benefits across all economic sectors, regions and households.
    DOI: 10.1787/34075eca-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cost-benefit analysis and the environment : further developments and policy use (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062382 , 9789264085169 , 9789264298804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (454 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Atkinson, Giles, 1969 - Cost benefit analysis and the environment
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomik ; Environment ; Governance ; Economics ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomik ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: This book explores recent developments in environmental cost-benefit analysis (CBA). This is defined as the application of CBA to projects or policies that have the deliberate aim of environmental improvement or are actions that affect, in some way, the natural environment as an indirect consequence. It builds on the previous OECD book by David Pearce et al. (2006), which took as its starting point that a number of developments in CBA, taken together, altered the way in which many economists would argue CBA should be carried out and that this was particularly so in the context of policies and projects with significant environmental impacts. It is a primary objective of the current book not only to assess more recent advances in CBA theory but also to identify how specific developments illustrate key thematic narratives with implications for practical use of environmental CBA in policy formulation and appraisal of investment projects. Perhaps the most significant development is the contribution of climate economics in its response to the challenge of appraising policy actions to mitigate (or adapt to) climate change. Work in this area has increased the focus on how to value costs and benefits that occur far into the future, particularly by showing how conventional procedures for establishing the social discount rate become highly problematic in this intergenerational context and what new approaches might be needed. The contribution of climate economics has also entailed thinking further about uncertainty in CBA, especially where uncertain outcomes might be associated with large (and adverse) impacts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264085169-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD reviews of school resources : Colombia 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303751 , 9789264305137 , 9789264305144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (302 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of school resources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Radinger, Thomas OECD reviews of school resources
    Keywords: Bildungswesen ; Schule ; Schulpolitik ; Schulfinanzierung ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; Schule ; Schulpolitik ; Schulfinanzierung
    Abstract: This country review report offers an independent analysis of major issues facing the use of school resources in Colombia from an international perspective. It provides a description of national policies, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and a proposal of possible future approaches. The analysis focuses on the funding of school education, the provision of school education and the development of the teaching profession. Rural education represents a transversal theme of the report within the context of Colombia's peace agreement and objectives to close rural-urban gaps in social and economic development. Issues covered include the level of spending, sources of funding and funding mechanisms; the organisation of the school network, including the funding of private provision; school governance, leadership and community participation; the organisation of teaching and learning, including learning standards, educational materials, student assessment, and instruction time; teacher learning in pre-service and in-service education; and teacher recruitment and career progression. The report covers all levels of compulsory education as well as transitions from early childhood education and care to school education and from school education to the labour market and tertiary education.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264303751-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financing refugee-hosting contexts : an analysis of the DAC’s contribution to burden- and responsibility-sharing in supporting refugees and their host communities (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 48
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.48
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Soziale Integration ; Öffentliche Sozialausgaben ; Entwicklungshilfe ; OECD-Staaten-seitig ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Protecting and supporting refugees is an important responsibility of the international community. The Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) was proposed in 2018 to establish a more predictable and equitable sharing of burdens and responsibilities among United Nations Member States when it comes to fulfilling these obligations. This working paper presents and analyses the findings of a survey circulated to members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) between July and September 2018. The survey investigated trends in official development assistance (ODA) and plans for future funding to programmes and projects that support refugees and their host communities, as well as other, non-funding efforts and responses that DAC members are making in support of refugees. The findings of this paper will establish a baseline for monitoring progress toward “funding and effective and efficient use of resources” as one of the key tools for meeting the commitments of the GCR. The paper examines some of the strengths and challenges of current donor practices, and recommends a set of priorities to guide future donor support and engagement in order to promote good donorship and to support the international community in meeting the GCR’s objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/24db9b07-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In-depth Analysis and Recommendations (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302549
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Multi-Dimensional Review of Panama volume 2
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Series Statement: Multi-dimensional review of Panama
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; Volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; Volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Keywords: Panama Economic conditions ; Panama Economic policy ; Congresses ; Panama Social conditions ; Congresses ; Panama Economic policy ; Electronic books ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Development ; Economics ; Panama
    Abstract: Panama has achieved socio-economic improvements in recent decades thanks to strong economic growth and consequent poverty reduction. Its growth model is characterised by a dual economy in which a small number of activities, including those related to the Canal and Special Economic Zones, have exhibited high productivity growth but limited job creation. Panama should now embark on a new reform agenda to become a sustainable and inclusive high-income country. This report urges greater productivity in sectors that contribute to job formalisation to reduce disparities in income and among regions. As developing these policies requires further resources, taxation system and private sector involvement through public-private partnerships should also be reinforced. Focusing on skills and jobs, regional development and development financing, the volume provides analysis and recommendations on three areas which are key for Panama.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302549-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Youth aspirations and the reality of jobs in developing countries : mind the gap (2017)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264285668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Development centre studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Youth aspirations and the reality of jobs in developing countries
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitszufriedenheit ; Karriereplanung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Entwicklungsländer ; Junge Arbeitnehmerin ; Junger Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitszufriedenheit ; Karriereplanung
    Abstract: Many governments in developing countries are realising that good quality jobs matter for development. However, little attention has been paid so far to explore what actually matters for young people in terms of job characteristics and employment conditions. Today, in many developing and emerging countries, a key development challenge is that existing jobs do not live up to youth aspirations. This study revisits youth labour market performance and the quality of jobs in developing countries. It places youth employment preferences at the forefront and answers the following questions. What is the nature of youth careers aspirations and job-related drivers of job satisfaction? What shapes such employment preferences? How likely will young people be able to meet their job aspirations? What policy makers can do to reduce the gap between youth preferences and the reality of jobs? The study draws on the comprehensive data from school-to-work transition surveys in 32 developing and transition countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. It suggests a number of priority areas for policy makers to enhance youth well-being, raise labour productivity, and contain the chilling effects that unmet youth aspirations can generate on society.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264285668-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Engaging the private sector for green growth and climate action : an overview of development co-operation efforts (2017)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 34
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.34
    Keywords: Privatwirtschaft ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Klimaschutz ; Umweltkosten ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The private sector plays an important role in supporting green growth in developing countries. As a result, there is increasing emphasis for development co-operation providers to integrate private sector engagement (PSE) approaches into their programmes on green growth and climate change. This paper provides an overview of activities in this area, estimating that 22% of climate-related development finance supported PSE activities in 2013. It also presents a stock-taking of efforts to: mobilise private climate investment, promote green private sector development and harness skills and knowledge of private actors. The paper highlights some challenges and lessons learned, such as the need for PSE to target a wider range of environmental issues, the importance of investing in integrated approaches to enable the development of pipelines, and the need to align private sector approaches with national contexts. The findings in this paper contribute to the discussion on how development co-operation providers can improve the effectiveness of PSE approaches to promote green growth and climate action, and may be a useful starting point to guide evidence-based policy relevant research.
    DOI: 10.1787/85b52daf-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development co-operation for private sector development : analytical framework and measuring official development finance (2017)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 32
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.32
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Privatwirtschaft ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This Working Paper provides an analytical framework of development co-operation for private sector development (PSD) and a measurement to capture relevant Official Development Finance (ODF). PSD is defined as development co-operation which addresses relevant policies and institutions, market functioning and enterprise resources. It aims to improve the investment climate and productive capacity of the local private sector—particularly of small- and medium-sized enterprises—including through developing physical infrastructure. The analysis shows that development partners disbursed roughly a third of total ODF each on helping improve the investment climate, productive capacity, and physical infrastructure. For the investment climate, large amounts were allocated to macro-economic stability and public governance. To boost productive capacity, support to financial services – particularly to commercial banks that on-lend to SMEs and investments in equity funds – was particularly high. Finally, for physical infrastructure, about half the ODF went to transport, particularly roads, and a third to energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/ded2028f-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data for development : DAC member priorities and challenges (2017)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 35
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.35
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Theorie-Praxis-Verhältnis ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Statistische Daten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development commits the international community to support the modernisation and strengthening of national statistical capacities and systems in developing countries and to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely, reliable and disaggregated data to measure their progress against the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper, informed by a survey circulated among DAC members between February and April 2017, presents DAC members’ policies and practices to support national statistical capacities and systems in developing countries. It highlights some of the main challenges that DAC members face in relation to making data work for sustainable development, notably in co-ordinating their support for statistics to avoid duplication and find synergies, in mobilising more resources, and in using quality data for development co-operation decision-making, programming, monitoring and reporting. The findings presented in this paper will inform the analysis of the 2017 Development Co-operation Report on Data for Development which will be published in October 2017. The report will provide guidance to providers of development assistance on how to best support developing countries to have and use quality and timely data for enabling delivery of the SDGs.
    DOI: 10.1787/6e342488-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amounts mobilised from the private sector by official development finance interventions : guarantees, syndicated loans and shares in collective investment vehicles (2016)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 26
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.26
    Keywords: 2012 - 2014 ; Privatwirtschaft ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: According to the 2015 DAC Survey on mobilisation, USD 36.4 billion was mobilised from the private sector in 2012-14 through official development finance interventions in the form of guarantees, syndicated loans and shares in collective investment vehicles (development-related investment funds). Overall flows followed an upward trend over the period covered by the survey, with guarantees mobilising the largest share (59%). Multilateral development banks took the lead in mobilising finance mostly through guarantees, followed by the national development finance institutions. Middle-income countries received the largest share of the amount mobilised, mainly targeting the energy, industry and banking sectors. Of the total amount mobilised, 19% was climate-related, most of it focusing on climate change mitigation. This working paper provides more details about the Survey results.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm3xh459n37-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Official development finance for infrastructure : with a special focus on multilateral development banks (2016)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 30
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.30
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Infrastrukturfinanzierung ; Entwicklungsorganisation ; Entwicklungsbank ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper provides a broad picture of official financial flows for infrastructure development in developing countries by bilateral and multilateral development partners. Multilateral development banks are further examined in a special section. The paper offers an overview volumes and distributions of financial flows, including those channelled to private sector operations and those mobilised from the private sector by guarantees, syndicated loans and collective investment vehicles. This report, which builds on previous work on the topic, will contribute to research and policy dialogue on filling the financial gap in infrastructure in developing countries. It will also support the monitoring of Sustainable Development Goal 9 and the discussions of the G20 on infrastructure development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9e93790e-en
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  • 19
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    Explaining diversification in exports across higher manufacturing content : what is the role of commodities? (2015)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 327
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.327
    Keywords: Exportdiversifizierung ; Wirtschaftsstruktur ; Industrialisierung ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Most low-income countries export mainly unprocessed commodities. Yet, in their pursuit of structural transformation, they also seek a more diversified economic structure, including developing a strong manufacturing sector to create jobs and spur innovation as in more advanced economies. What is the best way for them to promote economic diversification? Should countries aim straight for anufacturing? Should they focus on the products most in line with their already-known and used endowments? Should they follow some sort of ladder of activities towards a well-diversified economy? Or should they simply lean back and let the markets sort it out? Finally, do the answers vary depending on the country? A body of recent research suggests that a country’s diversification process would tend to move along pathways of “nearby” products: the “new” products it specialises in would build on the existing productive capabilities and knowledge used to produce the “old” ones. It would follow then that low-income, raw commodity exporting countries should build on their naturalresource endowments. This would not always imply moving downstream and transforming those resources locally. Depending on learning processes, capabilities and the types of endowments, value addition at the local level may or may not make economic sense.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrs8sq91p9x-en
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  • 20
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    Stocktaking of anti-corruption and business integrity measures for Southern African SOEs (2015)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 18
    Keywords: Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Anti-Korruption ; Corporate Governance ; Südafrika ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; South Africa ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report aims to provide an overview of business integrity and anti-bribery legislation, policies and practices applicable to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) operating across the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Part 1 provides a rationale for considering the impact that corruption-prevention and business integrity measures have had in some jurisdictions, based on available academic literature on this subject. Part 2 summarises the framework in seven SADC countries for combating corruption and for encouraging responsible business practices. It also focuses on the application of this framework to SOEs by governments, as well as measures taken by SOEs to limit their exposure to the risks of corruption. The report was undertaken on behalf of the OECD Network on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Southern Africa and is based on voluntary responses to a questionnaire and supplemented with desk research.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrtd6fghvf1-en
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  • 21
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    Official development finance for infrastructure : support by multilateral and bilateral development partners (2015)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 25
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Auslandsinvestition ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The main objective of this study is to offer an overall picture of support by multilateral and bilateral development partners to development country infrastructure. By presenting an overview of the scale, distribution, and modality of development co-operation for infrastructure, the report is expected to contribute to discussions and further research in international fora on how to fill the financing gap, particularly by mobilising the private sector. However, the report does not generally make assessments against development objectives nor provide policy recommendations. The methodology mainly involved analysing the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC)’s Creditor Reporting System data on Official Development Finance (ODF) for the infrastructure sectors (water and sanitation, transport, energy, and communications). Desk research was also conducted on gaps in infrastructure financing as well as support by major development partners that do not report to the DAC at the activity level.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrs3sbcrvzx-en
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  • 22
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    How is corporate governance in Japan changing? : developments in listed companies and roles of institutional investors (2015)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 17
    Keywords: 1970 - 2014 ; Corporate Governance ; Shareholder Value ; Institutioneller Investor ; Japan ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Japan ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This research analyses the improvements to corporate governance within Japanese listed companies and the influence of institutional shareholders. Firstly, in order to analyse the external factors that have promoted the recent corporate governance reform, the report starts with an overview of the changes in the Japanese market post 1970s. The main players before the 1990s were the banks, who provided credit to companies as well as being shareholders. Corporate governance in Japan was characterised by the “main bank” system. However, after the “bubble economy” burst in the early 1990s, institutional investors, including domestic pension funds and foreign asset managers, started to have a greater presence. Secondly, the report analyses the recent developments in corporate governance within listed companies. Developments were influenced considerably by institutional shareholders through proxy voting. Further, the report reviews the legislation and relevant rules on corporate governance including the reform of the Companies Act and the Cabinet Office Ordinance on Disclosure of Corporate Information. Thirdly, the report examines the influence of institutional shareholders and their activities towards good corporate governance. In 2009, the “Report by the Financial System Council’s Study Group on the Internationalization of Japanese Financial and Capital Markets” was published and asset managers, such as investment trusts and investment advisory companies, started to disclose policy and results of proxy voting. In February 2014, pursuant to the recommendation of the “Japan Revitalization Strategy 2013”, Japan’s Stewardship Code was published and it is now expected that institutional shareholders play a significant role to engage with investee companies and improve corporate governance within them. The report also analyses the historical changes to practices within shareholder meetings along with examination of the role that institutional shareholders have played in the improvement of corporate governance within Japanese listed companies.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrw7j3s37hh-en
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  • 23
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    Participation of developing countries in global value chains : implications for trade and traderelated policies (2015)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 179
    Keywords: Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Vorleistungen ; Investition ; Handelsabkommen ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Entwicklungsländer ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Although global value chains (GVCs) are often considered a defining feature of the current wave of globalisation, little is known about: i) what drives GVC participation; ii) what the benefits associated to growing participation are; or iii) how developing countries engage and benefit from GVCs. This paper tackles these questions empirically. The evidence indicates there are important benefits to be had from wider participation in terms of enhanced productivity, sophistication and diversification of exports. Structural factors, such as geography, size of the market and level of development are found to be key determinants of GVC participation. Trade and investment policy reforms as well as improvements of logistics and customs, intellectual property protection, infrastructure and institutions can, however, also play an active role in promoting further engagement. A more in-depth analysis of GVC participation and policy context in five developing sub-regions in Africa, the Middle East and Asia highlights key differences and similarities, and can be a starting point for policy makers in the regions to assess their countries’ GVC engagement and to consider policy options.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5js33lfw0xxn-en
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  • 24
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    Agricultural specific trade facilitation indicators : an overview (2015)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers 74
    Keywords: perishable product ; Außenwirtschaftsförderung ; Pflanzenschutz ; Landhandel ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Trade facilitation matters. Estimates of trade friction costs from border and custom procedures are relatively high. Trade facilitation to allow for the speedy movement of traded goods may be more important for agricultural, especially perishable, products than for other goods because of their time sensitivity, especially for developing countries. Data suggest that many countries across the geographic and income spectrum have improved their performance on several trade facilitation variables. Concurrently, agricultural trade has grown substantially, especially from low and lower middle income countries. The data suggest that further improvements to trade facilitation in many low and lower middle income countries are needed for them to catch up with best practices. Impediments to trade remain, as indicated by the relatively high tariff equivalent of trade costs, especially on agricultural products.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5js4wzp09q6f-en
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