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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (525)
  • GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004  (525)
  • 1935-1939
  • 2001  (525)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (525)
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (525)
  • GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • GBV  (2)
  • KOBV  (2)
Material
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004  (525)
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Internationale Migration
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264195554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264294790
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Fischerei
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264093010
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English , French
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Mitgliedsstaaten ; Dienstleistungssektor
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195899
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289901
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264293045
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264295551
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Forschung und Entwicklung ; Innovation
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288560
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltökonomie
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264292550
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264292406
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Auslandsschulden
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293120
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264295896
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Internationale Migration
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264292277
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293038
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Agrarförderung
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry ; Science ; Technology ; OECD countries
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264292246
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293434
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Medizinische Versorgung
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264296114
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Auslandsschulden
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189898
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 59-88
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de chèques-service et leur rôle dans la prestation de services publics
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 59-88
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This paper is concerned with a number of conceptual and practical issues associated with the use of vouchers to distribute public services. Section 1 proposes a definition of vouchers and considers the position which voucher distribution occupies in the spectrum of possible mechanisms for the production and distribution of public services; this leads into a discussion of the objectives which voucher distribution might promote. Section 2 classifies the contexts in which vouchers might be applied and types of voucher systems. This permits a preliminary mapping of combinations of policy objectives and characteristics of the public service in question onto alternative forms of voucher distribution. Section 3 provides an illustrative review of the use of vouchers in the distribution of public services. Many of the examples discussed are in the field of education, where discussion of or use of vouchers is most developed, but experience of other public services is included where it is available. Section 4 contains conclusions.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 27-57
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La procédure budgétaire en Suède
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 27-57
    Keywords: Governance ; Sweden
    Abstract: From enjoying the largest budget surpluses of any OECD Member country in the late 1980s, Sweden went into having the largest budget deficits of any OECD Member country in the early 1990s, which were accompanied by a massive increase in government debt. In a span of just five years, the level of debt had nearly doubled. However, by the late 1990s, the budget had been brought back to balance and Sweden is now enjoying significant surpluses again.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 43-91
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 50 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in Canada
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 43-91
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: La dette publique du Canada exprimée en proportion du PIB, qui était inférieure à la moyenne des pays Membres de l’OCDE au début des années 80, a augmenté par la suite, culminant à 97.6 % en 1995. Seules l’Italie, à l’intérieur du G- 7, et la Grèce ainsi que la Belgique, dans la communauté de l’OCDE, avaient une dette plus élevée en proportion de leur PIB. Au plan de la gestion budgétaire, le point tournant est survenu en 1994. On a compris alors que la situation financière était en voie de se muer en crise, et que des mesures rigoureuses s’imposaient. Aujourd’hui, le Canada enregistre un excédent budgétaire et rembourse sa dette. Le présent rapport retrace le fil de ces événements.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264292840
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Soziale Situation
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 39-82
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La procédure budgétaire au Canada
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 39-82
    Keywords: Governance ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada’s level of indebtedness, as a percentage of GDP, increased from a level lower than the average for OECD Member countries in the early 1980s to a high of 97.6% in 1995. This was a level of debt exceeded only by Italy among G7 nations and Belgium and Greece among the wider OECD community. Fiscal management reached a breaking point in 1994. It was recognised that the fiscal situation had reached crisis proportions and strong corrective measures were needed. Today, Canada is enjoying a budget surplus and is repaying debt. This paper surveys these developments.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 241-295
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 56 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Investment and Discounting in European Union Member States
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 241-295
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La Partie 1 de ce rapport traite de la gestion budgétaire de la dépense en capital, dans le secteur public. La Partie 2 traite de l’actualisation et du coût du capital.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 213-260
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Investissement et l'actualisation publics dans les États membres de l'Union Européenne
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 213-260
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The formal procedures of public expenditure management vary widely within the European Union. They depend especially on the relative status of institutions. In most member states, operations are delegated to spending ministries or other spending units which have considerable freedom (within tough overall budget constraints) to decide how they meet their objectives; but there are wide variations in the degree of delegation and the incentives for efficiency. Public enterprises, similarly, are seen in some countries as an arm of the public sector and in others as essentially commercial bodies. Some member states have federal structures. Nearly all have complex procedures for funding local municipalities or counties. They differ in their relationships between government and Parliament. They also differ in technical procedures such as budgetary timescales, and methods of accounting for expenditure.
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 93-157
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 62 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Re-Allocation: Aligning Political Priorities and Budgetary Funding
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 93-157
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Les cinq articles suivants contiennent des rapports sur des pratiques nationales de réaffectation des ressources budgétaires dans cinq pays Membres de l’OCDE. Les cinq pays sont la Finlande, l’Allemagne, la Corée, la Suisse, et les États-Unis. Les rapports furent présentés lors d’une réunion de l’OCDE en 2000. Des hauts responsables des pays Membres s’y sont rencontrés pour partager leurs expériences
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  • 31
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 141-212
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 73 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Réforme de la Gestion publique et le développement économique et social
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 141-212
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Most OECD Member countries have sought to renew their systems and structures of public management in the last 10-15 years. Some started earlier than others and the emphasis will vary among Member countries according to their historic traditions and institutions. There is no single best model of public management, but what stands out most clearly is the extent to which countries have pursued and are pursuing broadly common approaches to public management reform. This is most probably because countries have been responding to essentially similar pressures to reform.
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  • 32
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 7-41
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 36 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating Financial Management and Performance Management
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 7-41
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: L’objectif de ce document est d’évaluer les mécanismes susceptibles d’améliorer la planification et l’affectation des ressources par le biais d’une intégration de la gestion financière et budgétaire et de la gestion des performances.
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  • 33
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 31-64
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in Sweden
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 31-64
    Keywords: Governance ; Sweden
    Abstract: Alors qu’elle bénéficiait des plus forts excédents budgétaires de tous les pays Membres de l’OCDE à la fin des années 80, la Suède a enregistré ensuite les déficits budgétaires les plus élevés de tous les pays Membres de l’OCDE. Ces énormes déficits se sont accompagnés d’une hausse massive de la dette publique. En cinq ans à peine, le niveau de la dette brute s’est accru de moitié. Cependant, vers la fin des années 90, l’équilibre budgétaire a été rétabli et maintenant elle bénéficie de nouveau d’excédents importants.
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  • 34
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 7-37
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intégrer Gestion des performances et Gestion financière
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 7-37
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to assess mechanisms to improve resource planning and allocation by integrating financial and budgetary management with performance management.
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 117-137
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le régime de retraite chilien
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 117-137
    Keywords: Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: The introduction in the early 1980s of a privately managed pension system in Chile, based on individual capital accounts, has attracted world-wide attention. This reform – as well as other market oriented structural changes – and the significant improvement in Chilean economic performance has led many observers to conclude a direct link, especially through the rise in private domestic savings generated through the new pension system.
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  • 36
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 99-128
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 31 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Greater Independence for Fiscal Institutions
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 99-128
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Cette étude vise à donner un aperçu des soubassements intellectuels d’une proposition figurant dans une note de discussion récemment rendue publique par le Business Council of Australia (BCA). Le BCA, qui est la principale organisation patronale d’Australie, compte parmi ses adhérents les présidents des grandes entreprises australiennes. La note du BCA s’intitulait Avoiding boom/bust : Macroeconomic reform for a globalised economy (1999). Une part importante y était consacrée à l’idée de « reconfiguration » de la politique budgétaire.
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  • 37
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 89-115
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plus grande autonomie des institutions budgétaires
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 89-115
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This paper seeks to outline the thinking behind a proposal contained in a recently released discussion paper by the Business Council of Australia (BCA). The BCA is Australia’s leading business body. It comprises the chief executive officers of most of Australia’s largest companies. The BCA’s paper was entitled Avoiding boom/bust: macroeconomic reform for a globalised economy (1999). A major section of the paper was devoted to exploring the idea of “re-engineering” fiscal policy.
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  • 38
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 9-26
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 19 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évolution du rôle des services centraux du budget
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 9-26
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The traditional role of the central budget office is incompatible with the management reforms enfolding in various OECD Member countries. These reforms are grounded on the principle that managers must be permitted to run their operations without undue outside interference. The logic of reform is that only when managers are free to use money and other organisational resources within agreed budgets can they be responsible for the organisation’s successes or failures. In countries where a culture of reform has taken hold, there is consensus that halfway measures do not suffice, that managers either are free to act or are not. It is not a matter of relaxing one or another restriction, but of reshaping the operations of public institutions and the behaviour of those who work in them. The budget process is one of the main arenas in which the machinery of government is undergoing fundamental transformation.
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  • 39
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 9-29
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 22 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Changing Role of the Central Budget Office
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 9-29
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La mission traditionnelle des services centraux du budget est incompatible avec les réformes de la gestion qui touchent plusieurs pays Membres de l’OCDE. Ces réformes partent du principe que les gestionnaires doivent pouvoir gérer sans ingérence excessive. Dans la logique des réformes, les gestionnaires ne peuvent être tenus pour responsables des performances de leurs services que s’ils peuvent disposer à leur guise des ressources administratives, notamment financières, prévues au budget. Dans les pays où souffle l’esprit de réforme, on s’accorde à reconnaître qu’il ne sert à rien de faire les choses à moitié, que les gestionnaires sont libres d’agir ou ne le sont pas. Il ne s’agit pas d’assouplir telle ou telle restriction, mais de transformer le fonctionnement des institutions publiques et l’attitude de ceux qui y travaillent. L’élaboration du budget est l’un des domaines où les rouages de l’administration sont en mutation.
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  • 40
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 65-98
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Voucher Programmes and their Role in Distributing Public Services
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 65-98
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Cette étude porte sur un certain nombre de problèmes conceptuels et pratiques liés à l’utilisation des chèques-service dans la fourniture de services collectifs. La section 1 propose une définition des chèques-service et examine la place qu’occupe la formule des chèques-service dans l’éventail des mécanismes susceptibles d’assurer la production et la distribution de services collectifs, ce qui conduit à analyser les objectifs auxquels pourrait servir la distribution de chèques-service. La section 2 présente une classification des contextes où les chèques-service pourraient être mis en oeuvre et des systèmes de chèques-service. Elle permet de procéder à un premier croisement entre d’une part des combinaisons d’objectifs publics et de caractéristiques d’un service collectif déterminé, et d’autre part diverses formes de distribution de chèques-service. La section 3 présente à titre d’illustration un tableau de l’utilisation des chèques-service dans la fourniture de services collectifs. Un grand nombre d’exemples commentés ressortent du domaine de l’éducation, domaine où les chèques-service ont été particulièrement débattus ou mis en oeuvre, mais on a fait référence, lorsqu’ils existaient, à d’autres cas de services collectifs. Ajoutons que je m’appuie à titre principal sur les expériences du Royaume-Uni et des États-Unis, puisqu’elles ont été particulièrement bien analysées dans les documents dont je disposais. Les conclusions figurent dans la section 4.
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  • 41
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 159-240
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 83 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Management Reform and Economic and Social Development
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 159-240
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La plupart des pays Membres de l’OCDE se sont efforcés au cours des 10-15 dernières années de renouveler leurs systèmes et leurs structures de gestion publique. Certains ont pris le départ plus tôt que d’autres, et les points forts ont varié selon les traditions historiques et les institutions des pays. Il n’existe pas de modèle idéal de gestion publique, mais il apparaît très clairement que les pays concernés ont suivi et continuent de suivre des approches plus ou moins communes en matière de réforme de la gestion publique. Cela tient probablement au fait que les pressions en faveur de la réforme qui s’exercent sur eux ont été plus ou moins similaires.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 83-140
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réaffectation des ressources : Harmoniser priorités politiques et dotations budgétaires
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 83-140
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The following five articles contain reports on national practices in five Member countries for reallocating budgetary resources. The five countries are Finland, Germany, Korea, Switzerland and the United States. The reports were presented at a special OECD meeting in the year 2000 where senior officials from Member countries met to discuss these issues.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 129-151
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 24 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Chilean Pension System
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 1, p. 129-151
    Keywords: Governance ; Chile
    Abstract: L’introduction au Chili, au début des années 80, d’un régime de retraite privé reposant sur des comptes d’épargne retraite individuels, a attiré l’attention du monde entier. Cette réforme – ainsi que d’autres changements structurels favorisant les mécanismes du marché – et la nette amélioration des résultats de l’économie chilienne ont conduit de nombreux observateurs à conclure qu’il existait un lien direct entre tous ces facteurs, compte tenu notamment de l’augmentation de l’épargne intérieure des ménages générée par ce nouveau régime de retraite.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195424
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Ageing and Income : Financial Resources and Retirement in 9 OECD Countries
    DDC: 306.38
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; OECD ; Altersversorgung
    Abstract: This landmark study of the material well-being of older people in nine OECD countries -- Canada, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States -- uses a wealth of new data to shed light on the challenges that face policy-makers as they anticipate the coming retirement of the baby-boom generation. The findings are often surprising. In all the countries surveyed, policies have been fundamentally successful: older people at all income levels tend to maintain or even increase their material standards of living once they stop working. This happens
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. Summary and Key Points; 1.1. Structure of the report; 1.2. The economic well-being of older people: a success story; 1.3. The three challenges; 1.4. Country-specific conclusions; Part I. Convergent Outcomes, Divergent Means; Chapter 2. The Resources of Older People: Complex Systems and Successful Outcomes; Chapter 3. The Determining Role of Public Policy; Chapter 4. The Need for Reform; Part II. A Comparaison of Policy Responses to Key Retirement Income Challenges; Chapter 5. Reforms to Re-balance Work and Retirement
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 6. Responses to the Challenge of Balanced Resources in RetirementChapter 7. Maintaining Economic Well-being and Protecting the Vulnerable; Chapter 8. Conclusion - Lessons about Reform Strategies; Bibliography; Annexes; Annex I. Main features of the retirement income systems in the nine countries; Annex II. Retirement Incentives; Annex III. Statistical Annex;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264182981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (151 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Korea and the Knowledge-based Economy : Making the Transition
    DDC: 338.9519506
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Südkorea ; Neue Technologie ; Informationsökonomie ; Südkorea ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Bildung ; Südkorea ; Spitzentechnologie ; Wirtschaft ; Südkorea ; Wissenserwerb ; Südkorea ; Informationstechnik ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: As an input to Korea's efforts to revise the country's development strategy, the OECD and the World Bank have prepared a joint review of the challenges confronting Korea in its transition to a knowledge-based economy. The report proposes a four-pronged framework which will empower Korea to effectively tap into technology advances and the growing stock of knowledge:. - An economic and institutional regime that provides incentives for the efficient use of existing knowledge, for the creation of new knowledge, for the dismantling of obsolete activities and for the start-up of more efficient new o
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Currency Equivalents; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. The Knowledge Revolution: A Challenge to Korea's Development Strategy; Chapter 2. Updating the Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime; Chapter 3. Developing Human Resources for the Knowledge based Economy; Chapter 4. Ensuring a Dynamic Information Infrastructure; Chapter 5. Improving the Korean Innovation System; Chapter 6. Promoting Knowledge-based Activities; Chapter 7. Implementing Korea's Strategy for a Knowledge-based Economy
    Description / Table of Contents: Annex I. Preliminary Assessment of the Knowledge-based Economy in KoreaAnnex II. Closing the Digital Divide: Some Country Examples; Annex III. Some Reflections on the Challenges of Policy Implementation;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264186354
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (346 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version International Science and Technology Co-operation : Towards Sustainable Development
    DDC: 363.7/0526
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Politische Ökologie ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Sozialökologie
    Abstract: Achieving sustainable development goals at a global level will strongly depend on the rapid technological development and innovation, and the widespread diffusion and application, of cleaner technologies in non-OECD as well as OECD countries. But do the developing countries have the capacity and motivation to take advantage of cleaner technology options? What are their needs? And what are the barriers which must be addressed? Arresting the impending environmental imbalances and ecological instability and moving towards sustainable development call for establishing a new multilateral framework
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264186255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Multifunctionality : Towards an Analytical Framework
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Landwirtschaft ; Öffentliches Gut ; Externer Effekt ; Multifunktionalität
    Abstract: The term multifunctionality is increasingly used, but is prone to different interpretations concerning its definition, its utility and its implications for policy at domestic and international level. The OECD undertook this analysis to clarify the concept of multifunctionality and to try to establish a common analytical framework and terminology. Examining production, externality and public good aspects of multifunctionality, the analysis contained in this report leads to a series of questions, the answers to which determine if and when policy intervention is warranted and what the nature of t
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Part I. Summary and Conclusions; Part II. The Production Relationships Underlying Multifunctionality; Part III. Externality and Public Good Aspects of Multifunctionality; Annex 1. A Note on the Concept of Jointness in Production; Annex 2. Joint Production in Four Outputs: Two Agricultural Commodities and Positive and Negative Externalities; Annex 3. Multifunctionality in Other Parts of the Economy; Annex 4. Economic Inefficiency Caused by a Decrease in Import Price; Annex 5. Supplemental Note on Characteristics and Optimal Provision of Pure and Impure Public Goods
    Description / Table of Contents: Annex 6. Some Factors Supporting Voluntary Provision of Public GoodsAnnex 7. Trade and International Income Distribution Issues in the Presence of Externalities;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264186002
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Extended Producer Responsibility : A Guidance Manual for Governments
    DDC: 344.0462
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; OECD ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltpolitik ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Produzent ; Verantwortung
    Abstract: Municipal waste has increased 22 % per capita from 1980 to 1997. At the same time, the difficulty of siting new waste disposal facilities has increased. While major progress has been made to lessen the per capita generation of air and water pollution over the past decades, waste generation is still on the rise. Faced with the increase of waste, many governments have reviewed available policy options and concluded that placing the responsibility for the post-consumer phase of certain goods on producers could provide a means to relieve certain environmental pressures, arising from post-consumer
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Governance in the 21st Century
    DDC: 320.30905
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Politik ; Zukunft
    Abstract: As we move into the 21st century, the turbulent transformation of economy and society looks set to continue. Growing integration of markets, radical new technologies, the increasing knowledge intensity of human activity, all point to the emergence of an immensely complex world. But how will it be managed? And by whom? What forms of organisation and decision-making will be required at local, national and global levels to meet the challenges of the next decades?. One thing seems certain: old forms of governance -- in the public sector, corporations and civil society -- are becoming increasingly
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents; Chapter 1. Governance in the 21st Century: Power in the Global Knowledge Economy and Society; Chapter 2. Wealth, Values, Institutions: Trends in Government and Governance; Chapter 3. Long-term Trends in Global Governance: From "Westphalia" to "Seattle"; Chapter 4. Governing by Technique: Judgement and the Prospects for Governance of and with Technology; Chapter 5. A Quiet Revolution of Democratic Governance: Towards Democratic Experimentalism; Chapter 6. Society as Social Diversity: The Challenge for Governance in the Global Age
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 7. The New Governance, Subsidiarity, and the Strategic StateAnnex 1;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789264187009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs : Realising the Benefits of Globalisation and the Knowledge-based Economy
    DDC: 658.022082
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Mittelständische Unternehmerin ; Weibliche Führungskraft ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Unternehmerin ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb
    Abstract: The first OECD Conference on Women Entrepreneurs in SMEs in 1997 highlighted their contribution to innovation and job creation. Since that time, women's entrepreneurship has been burgeoning. Women entrepreneurs constitute a growing share of SME owners, with higher than average start-up rates in several OECD Member and non-member countries. Eliminating obstacles to the creation and development of firms by women and creating a level playing field for women business owners is vital for a thriving entrepreneurial sector and important for national growth strategies. Women business owners are creati
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185951
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Taxation and Electronic Commerce : Implementing the Ottawa Taxation Framework Conditions
    DDC: 343
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Finanzverwaltung ; Optimale Besteuerung ; Verbrauchsteuer ; Electronic Commerce
    Abstract: How should governments tax e-commerce? What does e-commerce mean for existing international tax principles and systems? What are the administrative challenges of taxing e-commerce, and how can these be tackled? How can governments harness the new technology to improve taxpayer service and reduce compliance costs? These are just some of the pressing questions addressed in this book. This volume provides a comprehensive guide to the status of the OECD-led international work on these questions, and hence to emerging conclusions and recommendations across a wide span of tax policy and tax administ
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface by the Chair oftheCommitteeonFiscalAffairs ElectronicCommerce: Realisingthe Potential; Table of Contents; Part I. Emerging Conclusions and Recommendations by the Committee on Fiscal Affairs; Chapter 1. An Overview of Progress Since the Ottawa 1998 Conference; Chapter 2. Consumption Tax Aspects of Electronic Commerce: Developing International Guidelines...; Chapter 3. Tax Administration Aspects of Electronic Commerce: Responding to the Challenges and Opportunities; Chapter 4. Application of Tax Treaty Concepts to Electronic Commerce
    Description / Table of Contents: Part II. Input from the Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs)Chapter 5. An Overview of the TAG Process and its Contribution to the CFA's Work; Part III. Taking Forward the CFA's Work on Taxation and Electronic Commerce; Chapter 6. The Next Phase of Implementing the Taxation Framework Conditions: Progressing Further Work...; Annexes; Annex I. The Ottawa Taxation Framework Conditions; Annex II. Organisation Chart of the CFA's Work on Electronic Commerce (1999-2000); Annex III. Composition of the Technical Advisory Groups (TAGS) (1999-2000);
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195295
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Public Sector Leadership for the 21st Century
    DDC: 352.2
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Führungskräfteentwicklung ; Verwaltung ; Führungskraft ; Ausbildung
    Abstract: In an era of globalisation, decentralisation, and knowledge-based economies, governments are having to reshape public sector leadership to cope with new challenges. This environment requires new roles for public sector leaders including change agents, promoters of enhanced performance, co-ordinators of government policies, and keepers of public service values. Many governments of OECD Member countries are developing new public sector leadership models. This is the first report to examine key leadership issues across OECD Member countries, including the strategies and practices governments are
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. Developing Public Sector Leadership for the 21st Century; Chapter 2. Leadership Development Strategies in the UK Civil Service; Chapter 3. Leadership Development in the United States; Chapter 4. Staff Development and Training for Leadership in the German Federal Administration; Chapter 5. Leadership Development Strategy in Sweden; Chapter 6. Manager and Management Development in Norway; Chapter 7. Leading Change in Mexico; Appendix: Executive Core Qualifications;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264186699
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Corporate Responsibility : Private Initiatives and Public Goals
    DDC: 658.4/08
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Corporate Social Responsibility
    Abstract: Private initiatives for corporate responsibility have been a major development in international management over the last twenty years. The initiatives include issuance of codes of business conduct, implementation of management systems and broader efforts to improve business accountability. Yet, there is little agreement about what these initiatives mean or how effective they are. OECD research on private initiatives sheds light on various aspects of the corporate responsibility movement: what are firms and business associations doing? How have governments influenced the initiatives? What contr
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents; Preface; Chapter 1. An Analysis of Private Initiatives for Corporate Responsibility; Chapter 2. Overview of a Fact-finding Mission on Private Initiatives; Chapter 3. Codes of Corporate Conduct: Expanded Review of their Contents; Chapter 4. Making Codes of Corporate Conduct Work: Management Control Systems and Corporate Responsibility; Chapter 5. Public Policy and Voluntary Initiatives: What Roles have Governments Played?; Chapter 6. Corporate Environmental Management Practices in European, Japanese and Non-member Asian Firms; Bibliography;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264186958
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (490 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Sustainable Development : Critical Issues
    DDC: 333.72
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: How can we meet the needs of today without diminishing the capacity of future generations to meet theirs? This is the central question posed by "sustainable development". OECD countries committed themselves to sustainable development at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio, yet - almost ten years later - progress accomplished remains partial and uneven. Drawing on analysis carried forward in response to a mandate from OECD Ministers in 1998, this report stresses the urgency to address some of the most pressing challenges for sustainable development. It reviews
    Description / Table of Contents: FOREWORD; TABLE OF CONTENTS; Section I; Section II; Section III; Section IV; Section V; Annex 1;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195394
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (253 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Citizens as Partners : Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making
    DDC: 323.042
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Staat ; Bürger ; Politische Beteiligung
    Abstract: Governments are in a crisis of identity, some would say legitimacy, with election turnouts low in many OECD countries and a widespread feeling of disenchantment among citizens with government and the democratic process. Can governments do something to change this? Certainly, doing nothing is not an answer. What every country needs is more transparency, more consultation and more participation. This book is a unique source of comparative information on this challenging subject. It examines a wide range of country experiences, offers examples of good practice, highlights innovative approaches an
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (125 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Ageing and Transport : Mobility Needs and Safety Issues
    DDC: 363.12/508460973
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Älterer Mensch ; Fahrtüchtigkeit ; Älterer Mensch ; Mobilität
    Abstract: Do older road users pose a safety risk to others? Is mandatory testing effective in determining the driving competence of older drivers? Are OECD Member countries prepared to meet the safety and mobility needs of the baby boom generation in the 21st century?. This report on the mobility needs and safety problems of ageing populations dispels many of the myths and misperceptions commonly held regarding elderly road users, and offers policy and research recommendations to provide for their safe, lifelong mobility
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. The Ageing Society; Chapter 2. Travel Patterns; Chapter 3. Safety of Older Road Users; Chapter 4. Infrastructure; Chapter 5. Vehicle Design; Chapter 6. Managing Older Drivers; Chapter 7. Alternatives to the Car; Chapter 8. Land Use; Chapter 9. Education, Publicity and Training; Chapter 10. Conclusions; Annex;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185883
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Local Partnerships for Better Governance
    DDC: 352.0001
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Regionale Wirtschaftskooperation ; Regionale Kooperation
    Abstract: To better respond to a new set of concerns of the population and promote sustainable development, governments today actively seek a broad partnership with civil society and the private sector. Yet, it is at local and regional levels, closer to the problems and the individuals, that partnerships are most often formed. Partnerships are being established throughout OECD countries to tackle issues of economic development, employment, social cohesion and the quality of life. What all partnerships share is a common desire to improve governance -- how society collectively solves its problems and meet
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Part I. Lessons from the Partnership Experience; Introduction; Chapter 1. Governance Contexts and Management Frameworks; Chapter 2. Fostering Co-operation; Chapter 3. Designing a Strategy; Chapter 4. Implementing the Strategy; Chapter 5. Improving the Effectiveness of Partnerships: Recommendations; Summary and Conclusion; Part II. Country Case Studies; Introductory Note; Chapter 6. Innovation in Local Governance: the Irish Partnership Model; Chapter 7. Fighting Unemployment and Social Exclusion with Partnerships in Finland
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 8. A New Approach to Economic Development in Sicily: Planning in PartnershipChapter 9. The Role of Partnerships in Economic Development and Labour Markets in the United States; Chapter 10. Partnerships in Austria: Enhancing Regional Co-operation in a Decentralised Policy Framework; Chapter 11. Broadening Social Dialogue: the Experience of the Flemish Region of Belgium; Chapter 12. Tripartism, Partnership and Regional Integration of Policies in Denmark; Bibliography; Annex I. Authors' Biographical Notes; Annex II. Fieldwork Information Details;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264183452
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies 3
    Parallel Title: Print version Taxing Insurance Companies
    DDC: 336.2
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Steuer
    Abstract: This study is part of a series of Tax Policy Studies produced by the Fiscal Affairs Division of the OECD. It examines the difficult area of applying income taxation to the life and property and casualty insurance industries. Particularly in the case of life insurance, OECD countries have pursued a variety of methods to try to tax the income arising in insurance companies. This study analyses the policy and technical problems that arise in designing an effective means of income taxation. In addition to outlining the general approaches used by OECD countries in this area, the authors have drawn
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Chapter 1. Insurance as Part of the Financial Industry; Chapter 2. Regulation of the Financial Institution Industry; Chapter 3. General Timing and Valuation Issues; Chapter 4. Issues in International Taxation; Chapter 5. Taxation of Property and Casualty Insurance Companies; Chapter 6. Comparisons of Selected OECD Countries: Treatment of General Insuranceunder the Income Tax; Chapter 7. Taxation and Reinsurance; Chapter 8. Comparisons of Selected OECD Countries: Treatment of Reinsurance; Chapter 9. Life Insurance Companies
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 10. Comparisons of Selected OECD Countries: Income Taxes on Life InsurersChapter 11. Taxation of Policyholders; Chapter 12. Comparisons of Selected OECD Countries: Policyholder Taxation; Chapter 13. Alternative Methods of Taxing Financial Institutions; Chapter 14. Comparisons of Selected OECD Countries: Premium Taxes on Insurance Companies; Glossary of terms; Bibliography;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264186774
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (175 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version New Patterns of Industrial Globalisation : Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances
    DDC: 338.83
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Industrie ; Globalisierung ; Internationales Management
    Abstract: New patterns of globalisation are accelerating the internationalisation of industry and reshaping industrial structure at the global level. Rapidly growing cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and strategic alliances are distinctive features of globalisation in the current era. They have become common paths to internationalising business operations, research and markets, together with traditional forms of trade and investment. An overwhelming share of foreign direct investment (FDI) is now in the form of M&As rather than greenfield investment, as firms shelve earlier diversification an
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of contents; Highlights; Chapter 1. Overview of Recent Trends; Chapter 2. Drivers of Industrial Globalisation; Chapter 3. Regional Trends; Chapter 4. Sectoral Trends; Chapter 5. Globalisation of SMEs; Chapter 6. Implications for Industrial Performance and Policy; Annex: Data Sources; Statistical Annex; References;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264187160
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (125 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Businesses' Views on Red Tape : Administrative and Regulatory Burdens on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
    DDC: 338.5
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Regulierung
    Abstract: Businesses' Views on Red Tape provides the first opportunity to systematically compare data across 11 OECD countries. The data show how small and medium-sized enterprises perceive national administrative and regulatory costs. Regulations and government formalities, so-called "red tape", are important tools used by governments to carry out public policies in many policy areas, including safety, health, and environmental protection. However, if they are poorly designed or applied, inefficient, or outdated, they can impede innovation, entry, investment, and create unnecessary barriers t
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; I. Introduction; II. Results from the Survey; III. Conclusion; Appendix I. Detailed description and results of the survey; Appendix II. Comparison with other surveys and studies; Appendix III. The survey questionnaire; Appendix IV. Additional data used for the cost estimates; Appendix V. Issues concerning non-response/no opinion to questions and confidence intervals on qualitative qu...; Appendix VI. Analysis of variance results among policy areas, countries, industries, and firm structures; Appendix VII. Detailed tables of the survey's results
    Description / Table of Contents: Appendix VIII. Economic sectors used in the survey sampleNotes;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Environmentally Related Taxes in OECD Countries : Issues and Strategies
    DDC: 336.2/783337/09177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltsteuer
    Abstract: It is now widely recognised that a greater use of market based instruments is a key element of effective and economically efficient environmental policies, and an important framework condition for sustainable development. Hence, over the last decade, economic instruments have been playing a growing role in environmental policies of OECD countries. In this context, a distinctive feature is the increasing role of environmentally related taxes. All countries have introduced environmental taxes to a varying extent, and an increasing number of countries are implementing comprehensive green-tax refo
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Summary and Conclusions; i. Making taxation and environmental policies mutually reinforcing; ii. Implementing environmentally related taxes; iii. Further work; Notes; Introduction; Environmentally related taxes; Outline of the report; Notes; Part I. CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND; Chapter 1. A Brief Theory of Environmentally Related Taxation; Chapter 2. Options for Green Tax Reform; Part II. IMPLEMENTING GREEN TAX REFORM; Chapter 3. An Overview of Green Tax Reform and Environmentally Related Taxes in OECD Countries
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 4. Addressing Competitiveness Concerns over Environmentally Related TaxationChapter 5. The Income Distribution Issue; Chapter 6. Administrative and Compliance Costs; Chapter 7. Acceptance Building; Chapter 8. Environmental Effectiveness: Available Evidence; Chapter 9. Taxing Greenhouse Gases: Issues and Options; Chapter 10. Green Tax Reforms: An Assessment; Annex I. Basic Economic Analysis of "First-round" Effects of Introducing a Carbon Tax; Annex II. The Case of Co-ordinated Implementation of a Carbon Tax; Annex III. ODC Taxation in the US; Annex IV. Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Taxation
    Description / Table of Contents: Bibliography
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185982
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Cities for Citizens : Improving Metropolitan Governance
    DDC: 320.8/5/09177
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Bürgerbeteiligung
    Abstract: In OECD countries, metropolitan areas often enjoy above-average rates of growth; they compete for foreign direct investment, have a leading position in the knowledge-based economy, and attract a disproportionately large share of immigrants. Yet they also are burdened with many problems including congestion, and the renewal of infrastructure, the spread of distressed urban areas. Better strategies for the development of metropolitan areas are vital if their rate of economic growth is to remain strong, but the governance structures currently in place are often outdated and ill-adapted to the tas
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Introduction; Why does metropolitan governance matter?; Can the culture of governance be changed?; Better governance for more competitive and liveable cities; What are the financial challenges facing cities?; What institutional reforms are needed?; Area-wide strategies; Principles of Metropolitan Governance; Part I. Improving the governance of metropolitan; Chapter 1. Why Does Metropolitan Governance Matter?; Chapter 2. Can the "Culture" of Metropolitan Governance Be Changed?
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 3. Better Governance for More Competitive and Liveable Cities: Creating the StrategiesChapter 4. What Are the Financial Challenges Facing Cities?; Chapter 5. What Institutional Reforms Are Needed?; Chapter 6. Achieving Success: Principles and Policy Guidelines; References; Part II. Comparative studies; Study1.Taxation and Equity withinMetropolitanAreas; Study2.Governance and Economic Development: the Regions of Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal; Part III. Selected Country Profiles (Based on 1997 OECD Questionnaire Survey); Canada; Czech Republic; Finland; Germany; Greece; Hungary
    Description / Table of Contents: JapanNetherlands; Poland; Portugal; Sweden;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264186538
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (497 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Managing Public Expenditure : A Reference Book for Transition Countries
    DDC: 336.77157
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Osteuropa ; Öffentliche Ausgaben
    Abstract: Managing Public Expenditure presents a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of all aspects of public expenditure management from the preparation of the budget to the execution, control and audit stages. The book will be of general interest but is focused particularly on the needs of countries in transition, especially those in Central and Eastern Europe that seek to become members of the European Union. The book provides practical, operational information and guidance on all areas of public expenditure management, e.g. legal and institutional frameworks, preparation of the budget, implementatio
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196568
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (275 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Devolution and Globalisation : Implications for Local Decision-makers
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Dezentralisation ; Globalisierung ; Internationalisierung ; Governance
    Abstract: This book sets out a vision of devolved economic development policies capable of responding to the challenges of globalisation. The key features in this vision are flexible and networked institutions and local strategies emphasising entrepreneurship, human capital and social cohesion. Based on the proceedings of the OECD-Scottish Enterprise Glasgow conference, this publication examines how city and region governments and development agencies need to use their devolved powers to respond to globalisation. Trends and challenges are discussed and examples drawn from across the OECD. They address h
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264186705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Information and Communication Technologies and Rural Development
    DDC: 338.4791
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Ländlicher Raum ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Informationstechnik
    Abstract: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) introduce a new relationship between time and space. Do the nascent possibilities of tele-work, distant access to public services and e-commerce offer both realistic and innovating perspectives for rural development? Are ICTs a threat rather than an opportunity for rural areas? Will these technologies increase the attractiveness of rural and remote areas or will they reinforce the influence of urban ones?. ICTs and Rural Development sets out to answer these questions. Field research conducted in Canada, France, Ireland, the United Kingdom and t
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Foreword; Table of Contents; Introduction; Mandate and method; Part I. ICT issues in rural areas; Issues and perspectives; Chapter 1. Fundamental issues; Chapter 2. Societal issues; Chapter 3. Economic issues; Chapter 4. Policy recommendations; Part II. Case studies; Geographical diversity; Regions; Sub-regions; Communities; Case Study 1. The Poitou-Charentes Region and ICTS; Case Study 2. ICT strategies and projects in the rural areas of Mid-western and Southwestern Ireland; Case Study 3. The Highlands and Islands of Scotland and ICT; Case Study 4. ICT in Matawinie (Quebec, Canada)
    Description / Table of Contents: Table 1. Access technologies transmission speedTable 2. Policies andprogrammes designed tobridge thedigital divide; Figure 1. Internet access in the business sector by firm Figure 1. Internet access in the business sector by firm size;
    Description / Table of Contents: Case Study 5. Keewaytinook Okimakanak Communities, Northwestern Ontario, Canada and ICT: the Kuh Ke Nah Network...Case Study 6. Parthenay District, Pays de Gâtine (Deux-Sèvres, Poitou-Charentes, France) and ICT; Case Study 7. A rural ICT training network: "Dillon-net", Beaverhead, Madison and Silverbow Counties, Montana, USA; Case Study 8. Business and Technology Center in Maddock, Benson County, North Dakota, USA; Bibliography; Appendix 1. Information and Communication Technologies and their implications for the development of rural areas; Appendix 2. Internet sites consulted for this report
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196650
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (189 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Valuation of Biodiversity Benefits : Selected Studies
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Biodiversität
    Abstract: The importance of biodiversity valuation is widely understood in academia and is increasingly used in policy making and other fora. For example, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), through the Conference of the Parties (COP), recognises that "economic valuation of biodiversity and biological resources is an important tool for well-targeted and calibrated economic incentive measures". Further, it encourages the Parties to "take into account economic, social, cultural and ethical valuation in the development of relevant incentive measures" (CBD COP Decision IV/10)
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; PART 1; CHAPTER 1: RATIONALE, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS by Dan BILLER and Rosalind BARK; CHAPTER 2: VALUING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: ISSUES AND OVERVIEW by David PEARCE; CHAPTER 3: LOCAL COSTS, GLOBAL BENEFITS: VALUING BIODIVERSITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES by John A. DIXON and Stefano PAGIOLA; PART 2; CHAPTER 4: COMPARING VALUATION EXERCISES IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES - CHALLENGES FOR BENEFIT TRANSFER AND SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS by Ståle NAVRUD
    Description / Table of Contents: CHAPTER 5: EVALUATING MULTIDIMENSIONAL BIODIVERSITY POLICY: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM CONTINGENT VALUATION STUDIES OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF RURAL AMENITIES? by José Manuel LIMA E SANTOSPART 3; CHAPTER 6: STATED PREFERENCE APPROACHES TO THE MEASUREMENT OF THE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY by James R. KAHN, Robert O'NEILL and Steven STEWART; CHAPTER 7: ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY USING INDICATORS OF SITE CONDITIONS AND LANDSCAPE CONTEXT by Dennis M. KING and Lisa A. WAINGER; PART 4
    Description / Table of Contents: CHAPTER 8: INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF BIODIVERSITY by Paulo A.L.D. NUNES, Jeroen C.J.M. VAN DEN BERGH, Peter NIJKAMPBIOGRAPHIES;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196674
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Economics and Finance of Lifelong Learning
    DDC: 374
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Humankapital ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsfinanzierung
    Abstract: Learning is an essential basis for progress in the 'knowledge society'; it is critical for economic growth and social welfare. OECD Member countries have committed themselves to making lifelong learning a reality for all. But the resources required to meet that goal are potentially large and countries differ in their capacity to generate them. Can OECD Member countries rise to this challenge?. This report seeks to provide some answers by identifying and examining the economic and financial issues that arise in implementing the goal, and the strategies that the public and private sectors are pu
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. Strategies to Make Lifelong Learning an Affordable Investment; Chapter 2. Economic and Social Forces Driving the Lifelong Learning Initiative; Chapter 3. Resource Allocation and Financing Framework: Who Should Pay for Lifelong Learning?; Chapter 4. Costs and Benefits; Chapter 5. Mechanisms for Financing Lifelong Learning; Chapter 6. Policy Processes and Mechanisms; Annex. Summary of Proceedings of the International Conference...; Bibliography;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264185319
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Valuing Rural Amenities
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Ländlicher Raum ; Lebensqualität ; Evaluation
    Abstract: Economic valuation is widely used in OECD countries as a way of assessing the (usually monetary) value of goods that have no markets. In the rural context, valuation methods are used to argue for or against projects and policy choices in areas as diverse as agricultural support policies, local economic development, land use and biodiversity assessment. This volume reviews a range of different valuation methodologies -- stated preferences, cost-benefit, revealed preferences, and others -- and looks at how these different approaches influence choices in rural policy. Its aim is to assess whether
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; List of Boxes; Chapter 1. Introduction; Part 1. ASSESSING DEMAND AND DERIVING VALUE; Chapter 2. Valuation Techniques and Benefit Transfer Methods: Strengths, Weaknesses and Policy Utility; Chapter 3. Problems and Potential in Valuing Multiple Outputs: Externality and Public-Good Non-Commodity...; Chapter 4. Valuation by Whom, for Whom? Questions of Legitimacy; Part 2. THE SUPPLY SIDE: TRANSFORMING VALUES INTO REVENUES; Chapter 5. Current Policy Instruments: Rationale, Strengths and Weaknesses
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 6. Establishing Effective Incentives in Practice: the Role of Valuation and Influence of Other FactorsChapter 7. Rural Amenities and their Valuation: Wider Questions for Policy-Makers; Chapter 8. Contributions to the Concluding Round Table; Chapter 9. Conclusions; List of Principal Contributors;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264184480
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (247 p.)
    Parallel Title: Print version Government of the Future
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Verwaltungsreform ; Regierung ; Reform
    Abstract: What keeps governments awake at night? - How can governments best prepare themselves for current and future reform challenges? - How can a public sector develop a culture responsive to change? - What types of leaders are needed? - How can governments better communicate with citizens? - How can governments avoid "reform fatigue"? In the face of challenges and opportunities posed by globalisation, rapidly evolving technologies, changing demographics, rising citizen expectations, and competition from the private sector, governments need to continue to explore and exploit new ways of wor
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; List of Boxes; List of Charts; Overview; I. Why Public Management Reform?; II. Lessons Learned from Public Management Reform; III. How to Keep Public Management ReformSustainable; IV. Where Do We Go from Here?; V. Symposium Papers;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2001/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper provides a perspective from evolutionary economic theory on recent growth differences in the OECD area. The empirical analysis contained in the paper offers a number of findings. First, the United States seems to be diverging from the other OECD countries, while the latter are still, by and large, converging to the OECD average. Second, the estimated model of evolutionary growth suggests that convergence based on the assimilation of foreign technology is becoming a more active process. R&D now seems to be crucial for catching-up and is no longer an activity that is unequivocally associated with moving the world technological frontier. Third, differences between countries in terms of pure technological competencies, i.e. patenting, have become more important in explaining growth differentials. These trends suggest that the absorption of foreign technology requires more active efforts, and that technological differences between countries translate more easily ...
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2001/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The School of the Future
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A l’occasion de son 30ème anniversaire, le PEB a invité des experts à débattre de la nécessité de continuer à construire des bâtiments scolaires, lors d’un séminaire d’un jour tenu en juin sous le titre « Temples du savoir ou éléphants blancs ? Quel avenir pour les bâtiments éducatifs ? ». Le Centre de l’OCDE pour la recherche et l’innovation dans l’enseignement a présenté trois scénarios possibles pour l’avenir de l’école au cours des 15 à 20 prochaines années. Les effets des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) sur l’environnement pédagogique dans l’enseignement tant scolaire que supérieur ont été examinés de même que les points de vue des enseignants et d’autres usagers des équipements éducatifs.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.188
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Differences in inequality between Latin American countries are not so much caused by globalisation as by a variety of political and economic structures and government policies. Hostile elites have made democracy fragile and are delaying the mass education and tax-driven income redistribution that democratisation and socialism produced in Europe over the past century. Trends in inequality in Latin America are governed by coups and democratic phases. Recent rising inequality in Argentina, Chile and Peru is mostly due to structural changes in the balance of political power triggered by policies of the military and the debt crisis. The demobilisation of labour and the left has led to new political coalitions that have seriously reduced the chances of democracy playing the key role it did in changing Europe. In theory, globalisation can increase inequality through its impact on prices or wages or by curbing the government’s ability to implement policies. In fact there is little evidence ...
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.171
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: It is relatively easy to assess the progress, achievements, and possible future direction of an existing regional integration pact. However, evaluating the prospects for a successful revival of the East African Community (EAC), a regional integration scheme that collapsed in 1977, is arguably a more difficult task. This paper examines recent attempts to revive the EAC, especially as it concerns the harmonisation of macroeconomic policies, infrastructure services, and movement of people, goods and services. Despite the hopes of the different partner countries, it appears there are no easy solutions to the problems posed by regionalism in Eastern Africa, especially when one considers that the problems that led to the EAC’s collapse during the 1970s still exist today. Moreover, partners now have many options for multiple memberships: many East African nations are already members of COMESA, and SADC includes one East African member. The paper argues that the presence of these new ...
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2001/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vivre comme étudiants : Bologne 2000
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In November 2000, the City of Bologna, Italy, welcomed a conference entitled “Living as Students”. The event was part of the European Capital of Culture project which examined the major role Bologna has played and continues to play as a university city. It also looked at the role of cities that host major universities, in and outside of Europe, as centres for the development and dissemination of culture and advanced professional training. In parallel with the conference, an international competition on student housing was organised
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  • 75
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2001/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Facility Benchmarking Trends in Tertiary Education: An Australian Case Study
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: De vastes efforts ont été faits dans le monde entier pour élaborer des indicateurs de performance des infrastructures physiques des établissements d'enseignement. Compte tenu toutefois des différences dans la collecte et la gestion des données au sein des pays, mais également entre eux, cet exercice ne s'est pas révélé facile. L'expérience en Australasie démontre qu'il est possible de collaborer à L'élaboration d'indicateurs de performance si la volonté est présente.
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  • 76
    Language: French
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.18
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Multilateral Tariff Liberalisation and the Developing Countries
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Les droits de douane : une question toujours d’actualité. • Une libéralisation totale des droits de douane d’ici à 2010 – entraînant des progrès dans l’efficacité et la productivité – se traduirait par des gains de bien-être de l’ordre de 1 200 milliards de dollars (aux prix de 1995), soit 3 pour cent du PIB mondial en 2010. • Les pays en développement pourraient sans doute retirer de la libéralisation multilatérale des droits de douane des avantages relativement plus importants que les pays de l’OCDE, le gain global représentant près de 5 pour cent de leur PIB en 2010. • Les prochaines négociations de l’OMC permettront aux pays participants d’améliorer leur niveau de vie. Toutefois, pour les pays en développement, recueillir les avantages d’une telle libéralisation sera un véritable défi politique.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.297
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper surveys recent empirical studies exploring aggregate productivity growth based on firm dynamics, focusing on micro-data from OECD countries. Aggregate productivity growth can be analysed as a sum of two separate processes. i) Changes in productivity in individual firms at a given size (relative to market). And, ii) a reallocation process due to compositional effects arising from the expansion and contraction of existing firms as well as from entry and exit of firms (namely, firm dynamics). After reviewing theoretical explanations and empirical methods for firm dynamics and productivity growth, the paper looks into major findings from the manufacturing sector under three subsections: firm dynamics, productivity correlates, and productivity decomposition. The paper also reviews methodological issues and some findings from the emerging literature of empirical studies on the service sector ...
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2001/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This study investigates the long-term effects of various types of R&D on multifactor productivity growth, which is the spillover effect of R&D. Econometric estimates are conducted on a panel of 16 OECD countries, over the period 1980-98. All results are averages over countries and time, and little can be said about country specificities. Major results are as follows: an increase of 1% in business R&D generates 0.13% in productivity growth. The effect is larger in countries which are intensive in business R&D, and in countries where the share of defence-related government funding is lower; a 1% increase in foreign R&D generates 0.44% in productivity growth, and the effect is larger in countries intensive in business R&D; 1% more in public R&D generates 0.17% in productivity growth. The effect is larger in countries where the share of universities (as opposed to government labs) is higher, in countries where the share of defence is lower, and in countries which are intensive in business ...
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.287
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper looks at patterns of regulation in service industries and explores their implications for service performance. Focusing on restrictions to market mechanisms, a map of the state of service regulation in OECD countries is provided, based on data recently collected and summarised by the OECD. The paper also surveys the available cross-country empirical evidence on the effects of regulatory reform on service productivity, prices and innovation. Finally, it discusses ways in which regulation can encourage competition, efficiency and investment in those segments of the service industries where non-competitive elements persist. The main conclusions reached are: i) in the past two decades OECD governments extensively reformed regulatory environments in both competitive and network service industries, generally making them closer to market mechanisms; ii) however due to differences in initial conditions and in the pace of reform, within each service industry the dispersion of ...
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.311
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The degree of integration and openness of OECD economies has consistently increased throughout most of the past three decades. By limiting the influence of non-economic factors, and reducing heterogeneity in economic systems, increased integration and openness enhance the emergence of common patterns of adjustment to economic shocks among countries. This paper focuses on the demand and price elasticity of manufacturing import volumes in OECD countries, examining if the long-run adjustment of the volume of manufacturing imports to demand and price shocks is similar across countries. The results indicate that the percentage long-run adjustment of manufacturing import volumes to a demand shock is similar across the majority of OECD countries. The adjustment of manufacturing import volumes to relative price shocks are more heterogeneous, although it is possible to identify clusters of countries showing similar responses. The estimated short and long-run demand elasticities are ...
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 74 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Economics ; Greece
    Abstract: For many years Greece has not made a systematic effort to redesign the whole tax system. Changes to taxation have been made in a piecemeal fashion, and many of them have led to a complex and non-transparent system, characterised by narrow bases and fairly high rates. There has also been a general lack of strong and uniform tax enforcement. Despite the considerable progress, in recent years, in broadening the tax base and improving tax compliance as well as administration, more needs to be done to enhance efficiency and equity and the overall performance of the tax system. To this end the government has indicated that it plans to introduce wide-ranging measures in 2002. The evidence, reviewed in this paper, suggests that the main priorities for reform should include: further improving transparency and reliability of the tax system including the abolition of the practice of tax amnesties and bank secrecy fo tax purposes; eliminating the strong bias in favour of the self-employed and ...
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293427
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Italy 2001
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy
    Abstract: Le développement économique italien a été caractérisé par des disparités régionales marquées, en particulier entre le Centre-Nord et le Sud. Aujourd’hui, l’Italie présente l’un des dualismes géographiques les plus considérables parmi les pays Membres de l’OCDE. Dans les régions du Sud, malgré d’importants signes de dynamisme ces dernières années, le taux de chômage est toujours quatre fois plus élevé qu’au Centre-Nord. La dotation en infrastructures du Sud reste bien inférieure à la moyenne nationale et le crime organisé constitue encore un obstacle majeur à l’investissement et au développement endogène. Le pays a récemment initié de pertinentes et prometteuses améliorations de sa gouvernance territoriale destinées à créer un cadre favorable au développement des économies locales situées dans des zones déprimées. De nouveaux instruments ont été développés pour le Mezzogiorno (sud de l’Italie), qui parient sur un processus impliquant tous les acteurs et tous les niveaux de gouvernement dans les phases stratégiques de conception, de mise en œuvre et d’évaluation des politiques territoriales. L’examen décrit ces innovations politiques et identifie les principaux défis auxquels le pays devra faire face pour atteindre un développement territorial plus équilibré et mettre en marche un nouveau processus de convergence. L’Examen territorial de l’Italie est intégré dans un programme plus large d’examens territoriaux nationaux et régionaux entrepris par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif de la série d’examens territoriaux est de fournir des conseils de politique pratiques aux gouvernements.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264295681
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Korea 2001
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: La société coréenne de l’après-guerre a été marquée par de profonds changements et une croissance économique rapide. Sa population a triplé, ce qui a engendré d’importantes transformations territoriales. Malgré les efforts déployés pour parvenir à une croissance régionale équilibrée, la Corée se distingue toujours par une polarisation géographique importante. La région de la capitale a un poids économique considérable : elle abrite plus de 45 % de la population nationale et produit près de la moitié de son PIB. Au cours des dix dernières années, les responsables des politiques publiques ont développé une perspective spatiale globale. Ils ont mis en place des politiques visant à mieux gérer l’utilisation des sols, les infrastructures ainsi que les problèmes des régions défavorisées, et ils ont profondément restructuré la gouvernance territoriale. Toutefois, une intervention plus poussée permettrait d’exploiter pleinement les efforts en cours. La coordination intersectorielle est faible et il semble qu’une meilleure adéquation entre la vision spatiale globale et le soutien financier aux projets publics spécifiques s’impose. La gouvernance territoriale demeure centralisée, de sorte que les limites de l’autonomie locale risquent de constituer un obstacle à l’innovation régionale orientée vers une croissance économique durable. L’accent mis sur les grandes entreprises risque d’empêcher la valorisation de la contribution considérable des PME au développement régional. L’Examen territorial de la Corée s’inscrit dans un programme plus vaste d’Examens territoriaux, aux niveaux national et régional, menés par le Comité des Politiques de Développement Territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général des Examens territoriaux est de fournir des recommandations pratiques aux gouvernements.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789264189454
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Islande 2001
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Islande 2001
    Keywords: Environment ; Iceland
    Abstract: This review of Iceland's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264065789
    Language: Polish
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Richtlijnen ter bescherming van consumenten in het kader van de Elektronische handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD retningslinjer for forbrukervern ved elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendação do conselho relativa às linhas directrizes que regem A protecção dos consumidores no contexto do comércio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Slovak version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Swedish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Retningslinier for forbrugerbeskyttelse i forbindelse med elektronisk handel
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Leitlinien für den Verbraucherschutz im Zusammenhang mit dem elektronischen Geschäftsverkehrs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Recomendación del consejo de la ocde relativa a los lineamientos para la protección al consumidor en el contexto del comercio electrónico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Hungarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida per la tutela dei consumatori nel contesto del Commercio Elettronico
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:N Neuvoston suositus ohjeiksi kuluttajansuojasta sähköisessä kaupankäynnissä
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce are designed to help ensure that consumers are no less protected when shopping on line than they are when they buy from their local store or order from a catalogue. By setting out the core characteristics of effective consumer protection for online business-to-consumer transactions, the Guidelines are intended to help eliminate some of the uncertainties that both consumers and businesses encounter when buying and selling on line. The Guidelines reflect existing legal protections available to consumers in more traditional forms of commerce. Their aim is to encourage: - fair business, advertising and marketing practices; - clear information about an online business’s identity, the goods or services it offers and the terms and conditions of any transaction; - a transparent process for the confirmation of transactions; - secure payment mechanisms; - fair, timely and affordable dispute resolution and redress; - privacy protection; and - consumer and business education.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Where are the resources for lifelong learning?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE ; Slovénie 2001
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T.: Where are the resources for lifelong learning?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Examen des politiques agricoles de l'OCDE: Slovénie 2001
    DDC: 374
    RVK:
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Bildungsinvestition ; OECD-Staaten ; Continuing education ; Agriculture and Food ; Slovenia ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungsökonomie
    Abstract: OECD's 2001 review of Slovenia's agricultural policies. It finds that successful macroeconomic recovery and major progress towards international integration marked Slovenia’s first decade of independence. This should have a positive impact on the domestic agro-food sector, prompting the shift of human and financial resources into more competitive areas and driving down production costs. With EU membership fast approaching and commitments to WTO and CEFTA to be upheld, Slovenia needs to limit price-distorting policies in the agro-food sector and to focus on structural adjustment, especially to reduce farm fragmentation, enlarge the commercially viable farm sector, and restructure and modernise the food industry. Given the high importance of rural areas in Slovenia, an effective rural diversification strategy targeted to generate off-farm incomes for rural people is vital to support the progress towards a more market-oriented agriculture. The Review analyses developments since Slovenia gained independence in 1991. It evaluates key structural issues, examines emerging policy developments and provides detailed estimates of support to agriculture, using the OECD’s Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs/CSEs). For those involved in central and eastern European agriculture and agro-food policies, markets and trade, the Review offers unique information and analysis. Policy makers, businesses and researchers will find it an indispensable reference for years to come.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288393
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Etudes de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.3
    Series Statement: Études de politique fiscale de l'OCDE no.3
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Taxing Insurance Companies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Taxing Insurance Companies
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Steuer
    Abstract: Cette publication fait partie d’une série d’études de politique fiscale réalisées par la Division des affaires fiscales de l’OCDE. Elle examine la difficile question de l’imposition des bénéfices dans le secteur de l’assurance vie et de l’assurance dommages. Dans le cas particulier de l’assurance vie, les pays de l’OCDE ont utilisé diverses méthodes pour s’efforcer d’imposer les revenus générés par les compagnies d’assurance. Cette étude analyse les problèmes politiques et techniques qui se posent lors de la détermination d’un mode d’imposition efficace des bénéfices. Les auteurs exposent tout d’abord les approches d’ensemble adoptées par les pays de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Leur analyse met en lumière la vaste expérience pratique qu’ont acquise ces pays lors de l’élaboration du régime fiscal de leur secteur des assurances. Ils traitent ensuite des principales questions de fond auxquelles doivent faire face les décideurs et procèdent à une analyse critique des différents problèmes techniques que pose le passage de la théorie à la pratique.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789282122785
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.114
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Regular Interurban Coach Services in Europe
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Regular Interurban Coach Services in Europe
    Keywords: Transport ; Europäische Union ; Regionalverkehr
    Abstract: Alors que la déréglementation est largement à l’oeuvre dans le secteur des transports, les services réguliers de lignes d'autocars demeurent très réglementés. Ces services apparaissent en effet aux yeux des pouvoirs publics comme un concurrent potentiel des chemins de fer. Pourtant, dans les pays où une déréglementation des services d'autocars a été tentée, le bilan est incontestablement positif (sauf pour les transports locaux à courte distance).La Table Ronde a cherché à faire le point sur les services réguliers interurbains par autocars à partir d’exemples de pays qui ont suivi des approches originales. Cette publication permet de voir ce type d'activité sous un jour entièrement nouveau. Il en ressort notamment que le transport de lignes par autocars constitue un marché spécifique pour une clientèle qui ne dispose pas de moyens de transport alternatifs. Ouvrir ce marché bénéficierait aux populations les plus défavorisées. Mais ce n’est pas la seule leçon de cette Table Ronde.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282122853
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.116
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Transport of Waste Products
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Transport of Waste Products
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Abfall ; Transport ; Abfall ; Transport
    Abstract: Le traitement des déchets est appelé à s'accroître, car le volume de ces déchets est étroitement dépendant de la croissance économique. Le transport de déchets constitue donc un enjeu majeur pour l'avenir. Plusieurs questions se posent à cet égard. Faut-il renforcer la réglementation relative à ces transports et en revoir les modalités d'application ? Le principe de proximité pour le traitement des déchets, intégré dans cette réglementation au nom de la protection de l'environnement, ne doit-il pas être remis en cause, ce principe de proximité empêchant une massification des flux qui serait favorable aux modes de transport les plus écologiques ? Le bilan environnemental des transports de déchets ne saurait être établi que dans le cadre d'une approche globale intégrant l'ensemble des filières de traitement de ces déchets. Il faut en effet se méfier des fausses bonnes idées, telles que "le transport de déchets doit être limité" ou " le recyclage est la meilleure solution". La suppression des décharges ou le retraitement pourraient accroître sensiblement les transports de déchets. La Table Ronde reprend ces points en examinant successivement, à partir de l'expérience des différents pays, les évolutions du secteur des transports de déchets et les problèmes statistiques rencontrés pour les appréhender, la réglementation applicable à ces transports et leur bilan environnemental, en insistant tout particulièrement sur les difficultés engendrées par la répartition modale actuelle de ces transports.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Slovénie 2002
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Russia (Federation) ; Congresses ; Russia (Federation) Economic conditions ; 1991- ; Congresses ; Russia (Federation) Economic policy ; 1991- ; Congresses
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'investissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Estonia 2001
    Keywords: Estland ; Bildungssystem
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: International emission trading will be one of the most important tools in the effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The reason is clear: emission trading can bring impressive cost savings. While the private sector has embraced the concept and is well equipped to use it, implementation at the international level remains incomplete. This book offers a comprehensive review of international emission trading, from the “perfect” system envisaged in economic models to a more realistic view of how trading can actually work. It is based on market experiments and modelling undertaken by the International Energy Agency and other institutions. It takes an in-depth look at implications for the power-generation sector, and considers how developing countries could be included in a future trading regime. With this work, we move from the question of “whether” to trade to the more operational question: “how”.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789264034914
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The New Economy; Beyond the Hype; The OECD Growth Project
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The New Economy: Beyond the Hype: The OECD Growth Project
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: En 2000, un peu partout dans le monde, les chroniqueurs économiques saluaient l’expansion spectaculaire de certaines économies occidentales, y voyant l’avènement d’une « nouvelle économie ». Puis 2001 est arrivé avec son cortège de surprises : l’activité économique marque le pas aux Etats-Unis, les sociétés de l’Internet mettent la clé sous la porte et les entreprises du secteur des technologies de l’information et de la communication sont en proie à des difficultés financières aux quatre coins de la planète. Les éditorialistes ont alors opéré un virage à 180 degrés en affirmant que tout cela n’était qu’un mythe. Qu’en est-il vraiment ? La nouvelle économie : mythe ou réalité ? rompt avec les sentiments d’exaltation et de morosité pour s’efforcer d’aider les décideurs à réfléchir et à agir en s’appuyant sur des données concrètes. Cet ouvrage s’interroge sur les causes des disparités des performances économiques des pays de l’OCDE. Il montre que la technologie est certes devenue omniprésente dans les économies et les sociétés et qu’elle les a profondément bouleversées, mais que la rapidité de la croissance ne saurait être imputée à ce seul facteur. Les modalités de mise en œuvre de la technologie sont un aspect beaucoup plus déterminant. Cet ouvrage défend avec force l’idée que, quelles que soient les perspectives conjoncturelles, nous nous trouvons aujourd’hui face à une réalité économique nouvelle. Il invite instamment les décideurs à opter pour une stratégie de croissance globale, conjuguant cinq domaines d’action et capable d’inscrire les TIC, le capital humain, l’innovation et l’entreprenariat dans le processus de croissance, en même temps qu’ils prendront des mesures pour mobiliser les travailleurs et accroître l’investissement dans une optique de long terme. Il va de soi que de bons fondamentaux -- stabilité macroéconomique, esprit d’ouverture et de concurrence, solidité des institutions économiques et sociales, ainsi qu'une protection sociale adéquate -- sont une condition préalable au succès de cette entreprise.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264033832
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation et l'efficacité de l'aide n 4 ; Pratiques efficaces pour mener une évaluation conjointe associant plusieurs donneurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation et l'efficacité de l'aide n 4 : Pratiques efficaces pour mener une évaluation conjointe associant plusieurs donneurs
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Evaluation is a key tool in improving the quality and effectiveness of development co-operation. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Working Party in Aid Evaluation is the only international forum where bilateral and multilateral evaluation experts meet regularly. Its Members meet to improve evaluation practice and to learn lessons from development co-operation activities and experiences. A series "Evaluation and Aid Effectiveness" was launched to share selected pieces of work with a broader public. Joint multi-donor evaluations provide opportunities but also create challenges. The collaborative nature of such evaluations requires special attention and handling. This guide sets out the key steps to be taken when planning and implementing multi-donor evaluations. It draws upon experiences encountered in various types of multi-donor evaluations, some of which were conducted by the DAC Working Party on Aid Evaluation, while others were joint evaluations of multilateral agencies such as UNICEF, or more recently the European Commission's aid programmes and UNCDF. Insights have also been gained through joint evaluations by the Nordic countries. A print version of the above report is available free of charge from the Development Co-operation Directorate; please send an email to dac.contactoecd.org to get a copy.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.45
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In recent years, the decline in average annual hours of work per person in employment, which can be traced back for over a century, has slowed. In some countries, there has even been an increase in the average annual hours per person employed. In countries where continuing falls can be observed, this can be traced to legal action (for example, France, Japan and Portugal) or to particularly vigorous negotiation between the social partners (for example, Germany and the Netherlands). The United States and Sweden both show an increase in average annual hours, in the first case due partly to an increase in overtime hours, in the second to an increase in the hours worked by part-time workers. For the European countries, the paper shows how the pattern of change in weekly working hours can be linked, inter alia, to the institutional arrangements applying in the different countries. Part-time working has both exerted downward pressure on average working hours and been an important ...
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers no.56
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: There is much interest in the Japanese health care system from the perspective of other OECD countries. The Japanese health care system appears to perform well. What explains this apparently good performance? This paper aims both to provide a description of how the Japanese health system works and an assessment of its performance in the context of an international comparison. The Japanese health care system is characterised by public health insurance with mainly private providers. Japan has universal public health insurance with coverage of a comprehensive range of services and only modest cost sharing by patients. It has mainly private providers paid mainly by fee-for-service. The share of its population that is elderly is above the OECD average. Such a combination would usually be associated with high levels of health expenditure. Yet less is spent on health care in Japan than would be expected for an OECD country with its standard of living. Cost containment seems to have been ...
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.283
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses links between policy settings, institutions and economic growth in OECD countries on the basis of cross-country time-series regressions. The econometric approach allows short-term adjustments and convergence speeds to vary across countries, imposing restrictions only on the long-run coefficients. In addition to the ‘primary’ influences of capital accumulation and skills embodied in the human capital, the results confirm the importance for growth of R&D activity, the macroeconomic environment, trade openness and well developed financial markets. They also confirm that many of the policy influences operate not only ‘directly’ on growth but also indirectlyviathe mobilisation of resources for fixed investment. The paper also reports some bivariate correlations between OECD indicators of product regulation and growth. They provide some supporting evidence that the negative impact of stringent regulations and administrative burden on the efficiency of product ...
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.50
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The new global information infrastructure will prove effective only if it can guarantee high-speed transmission throughout the network of all kinds of data -- text, images, sound or video -- in a secure manner while preserving its integrity.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.279
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews the role of house prices in influencing private consumption and residential investment in OECD countries. Deregulation of the mortgage markets in most OECD countries since the 1970s has made it easier for households to borrow for current consumption on the basis of their housing wealth, and the easing of borrowing constraints has often been accompanied by sizeable withdrawal of housing equity. The analysis presented in the paper and a review of existing empirical work for the major OECD countries suggest that house prices have a significant positive impact on private consumption through wealth effects and/or an easing of liquidity constraints. House prices also influence the profitability of house building, and in many countries there is a close association between profitability of house construction and private residential investment. A corollary of these results is that residential property prices can be useful indicators of demand pressures in the economy ...
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264070837
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 414; Prenatal Development Toxicity Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 414: Prenatal Development Toxicity Study
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice pour l’étude de la toxicité sur le développement est conçue pour fournir des informations générales sur les effets de l'exposition prénatale sur la femelle gravide et sur l'organisme en développement. La substance d’essai est normalement administrée aux femelles gravides au moins de la nidation jusqu'à la veille du sacrifice, lequel qui est programmé à une date aussi proche que possible du jour de la mise bas. Cette Ligne directrice utilise des rongeurs (de préférence le rat) et non-rongeurs (le lapin de préférence). Chaque groupe d’essai et de contrôle doit contenir un nombre suffisant de femelles pour avoir approximativement 20 animaux avec des points d'implantation à l'autopsie. Trois concentrations, au moins, doivent être employées. La substance d'essai ou le véhicule est habituellement administré oralement par intubation. Un essai limite peut être effectué si aucun effet n’est attendu à une dose de 1000mg/kg poids corporel/j. Les résultats de l’étude comportent des mesures (poids) et des observations cliniques quotidiennes. Peu de temps avant la césarienne, les femelles sont tuées (un jour avant la mise bas attendue), le contenu de l’utérus est examiné, et le tissu mou et les changements squelettiques des fœtus sont évalués. Un certain nombre de mesures liées aux fonctions endocriniennes chez les femelles et chez les foetus ont été ajoutées en 2018. Pour toute étude qui démontre une absence d’effets toxiques, une enquête postérieure pour établir l'absorption et la disponibilité biologique de la substance d'essai est envisagée.
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