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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (65)
  • Bayreuth UB
  • MFK München
  • Online Resource  (65)
  • 2000-2004  (65)
  • 1945-1949
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (37)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport  (17)
  • Santa Monica, Calif : Rand  (11)
  • Bildband
  • Europa
  • Hochschulschrift
  • United States
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (65)
  • Bayreuth UB
  • MFK München
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  • Online Resource  (65)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282103265
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2004
    Keywords: Europa ; Transport
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789282103302
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies; Moving Ahead; National Policies to Promote Cycling
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies: Moving Ahead: National Policies to Promote Cycling
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Verkehrspolitik ; Radfahrerverkehr ; Förderung
    Abstract: La publication intitulée « Les politiques nationales pour la promotion du cyclisme » présente les expériences de 21 pays et de 7 municipalités dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de mesures et de politiques visant à promouvoir le cyclisme comme mode de transport. En 2004, les ministres de la CEMT ont adopté une Déclaration sur les politiques nationales en matière de cyclisme pour le transport urbain durable au Conseil de Ljubljana. Par cette déclaration, les Ministres ont reconnu pour la première fois l’importance d’une politique nationale et d’un cadre institutionnel approprié pour la promotion du cyclisme.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264101142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE ; Rapport sur les États-Unis 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE : Rapport sur les États-Unis 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: This report surveys the legal provisions and the institutions in place in the United States to combat bribery of foreign public officials and evaluates their effectiveness. It examines the mechanisms introduced, in both the public and private sectors, to prevent and detect acts of bribery of foreign public officials. It also reviews the effectiveness of mechanisms for investigating and prosecuting the offence of bribery of foreign public officials and related offences such as fraud and money-laundering. The report concludes with specific recommendations regarding prevention and detection, as well as prosecution and punishment. Key legal provisions to deter, prevent and fight corruption as submitted by the United States to the review process are also included.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.398
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: Regulatory reform efforts in a broad range of industries have resulted in increased importance of competitive forces as a means to allocate resources and improve economic efficiency. A number of indicators suggest that such forces have been stronger in the United States than in most other OECD countries for some time. This has contributed to sizeable productivity gains and good economic performance over the past decade or so. Nonetheless, despite the generally pro-competitive thrust of policies, a number of challenges remain. Although there are few sectors of the economy from which competition policy and law are completely excluded, given the high risk of sanctions and damages for violation, many anomalous exemptions and special regimes have found their way into US legislation. Contrary to other OECD countries, government related firms are exempted from competition enforcement. Intellectual property rights create special challenges for competition policy and some problems have followed their strengthening over the past two decades, such as the soaring cost of patent litigation. The generally favourable experience with deregulation created pressures for liberalisation in network industries, where the United States has rather been a laggard, at least in the electricity sector. Reforms in the 1990s have entailed some positive results but also some setbacks, reflecting both the difficulties in ensuring competition in such industries and policy mistakes.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.382
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area ; United States
    Abstract: This paper is concerned with how stylised differences in monetary policy transmission mechanisms and product and labour market rigidities between the US and euro-area economies affect their resilience to temporary shocks. To address this issue, a small general equilibrium model with long-run neoclassical and short-run neo-Keynesian features is calibrated to replicate the key properties of the US economy (as in the US Fed’s FRB-US model). To this model, features of the euro area’s financial and then product and labour markets are added sequentially with a view to replicating what is generally agreed are aspects of the functioning of the euro-area economy (as captured by the ECB’s Area-Wide Model). Most of the analysis is conducted assuming identical monetary policy reaction functions, although the sensitivity of the results to this assumption is tested. The results illustrate the importance of adjustment patterns in financial, product and labour markets for economies’ ...
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264101166
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on the United States 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on the United States 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Les États-Unis ont été le premier pays à mettre hors la loi les actes de corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales commis par leurs ressortissants et par les sociétés relevant de leur droit grâce à l’adoption du Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) de 1977. Vingt ans plus tard, les États-Unis ont signé, en compagnie de trente-quatre autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption). Le Congrès des États-Unis a réagi à la signature de la Convention en amendant le FCPA en octobre 1998. Par la suite, les États-Unis ont ratifié la Convention de l’OCDE et déposé leur instrument de ratification auprès de l’OCDE à la fin de 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place aux États-Unis pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par les États-Unis lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par les États-Unis des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.390
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: In this paper the OECD’s interlink model is used to explore several possible channels through which a narrowing of the US current account deficit could occur. The shocks considered include dollar depreciation, fiscal consolidation, and an improvement in the non-price competitiveness of US producers. A key conclusion is that shocks would have to be very large in order to materially reduce the US external deficit. In part, this is because second-round effects, including domestic policy responses, tend to offset the shocks’ initial impact. In addition, it is clear that each of the channels for narrowing the deficit involves risks to growth in the rest of the world, particularly in Japan where the authorities have limited room to use monetary or fiscal policy to offset any contractionary pressures. The exchange rate simulations highlight the fact that more exchange rate flexibility in Asia would spread the burden of adjustment more evenly across US trading partners. Attention is also ...
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282103203
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (207 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reforming Transport Taxes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Transport ; Europa ; Verkehrsteuer ; Reform
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage examine les principes économiques qui sous-tendent les systèmes fiscaux les plus efficaces et fournit un cadre en vue de comparer les taxes et les redevances à l’échelle internationale. Il analyse les effets potentiels d’une réforme des taxes et des redevances du secteur visant à optimiser leur efficacité et étudie les changements susceptibles de se produire en matière de prix et de taxes, tant pour les automobilistes et les transporteurs routiers que pour les utilisateurs de services de transport. Il étudie l’impact que les disparités fiscales entre pays ont sur leur compétitivité au niveau international.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282103173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reforming Transport Taxes
    DDC: 336.278388
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Europa ; Verkehrsteuer ; Reform
    Abstract: This report examines the economic principles for efficient systems of taxation and provides a framework for international comparisons of transport taxes and charges. It investigates the price and tax changes likely to result from the reform of transport charges to maximise efficiency, and their impact on motorists, hauliers and users of other transport services
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; FOREWORD; CONTENTS; Executive Summary Reforming Transport Taxes and Charges; 1 Principles for Efficient Taxation; 2 Optimal Transport Pricing; 3 Summary Analysis of Road Haulage Charges; 4 Taxation and Competitiveness in the European Road Haulage Market; 5 Other Factors Affecting Competition in the European Road Haulage Market; Annex B Road haulage data and details of calculations; Glossaries;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9780833033413 , 0833035983 , 0833033417 , 9780833035981
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 95 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Dertouzos, James N., 1950- Is military advertising effective?
    Keywords: Advertising Evaluation ; Advertising ; Electronic books ; Advertising ; Evaluation ; Recruiting and enlistment ; Military Administration ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom ; United States Armed Forces ; Recruiting, enlistment, etc ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Defense Department has been spending over $100 million annually on recruiting advertising. Previous econometric studies of military advertising's effects have relied on data from time periods unlike today's and have used models possibly inappropriate for supporting today's decisionmakers. This report details improved methods developed to assess military advertising's effectiveness and illustrates them using early 1980s and mid-1990s data
    Abstract: The Defense Department has been spending over $100 million annually on recruiting advertising. Previous econometric studies of military advertising's effects have relied on data from time periods unlike today's and have used models possibly inappropriate for supporting today's decisionmakers. This report details improved methods developed to assess military advertising's effectiveness and illustrates them using early 1980s and mid-1990s data
    Note: "Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282123027
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2001
    Keywords: Europa ; Transport
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9780833032935 , 0833034154 , 0833032933 , 9780833034151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvii, 146 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Global threat of new and reemerging infectious diseases
    DDC: 363.3/2
    Keywords: Bioterrorism Health aspects ; Emergency medical services Government policy ; Emergency management ; National security ; Communicable diseases Social aspects ; Bioterrorism ; Emergency medical services ; Emergency management ; National security ; Communicable diseases ; Public Policy ; Security Measures ; Communicable Disease Control ; Public Health Administration ; Electronic books ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom & Security ; Law Enforcement ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Terrorism ; Bioterrorism ; Health aspects ; Communicable diseases ; Social aspects ; Emergency management ; Emergency medical services ; Government policy ; National security ; Public Health ; Health & Biological Sciences ; Communicable Diseases ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This study offers a more comprehensive analysis of the security implications of the spread of infectious diseases than has been done to date. The study examines the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, highlighting this particular crisis as a graphic example of the devastating effects that infectious disease can have on virtually every aspect of a state's functioning viability. It also makes a detailed analysis of the United States, delineating the threat posed by specific diseases; assessing the effectiveness of the existing public health infrastructure; and offering specific actions that can be taken to improve the country's ability to meet this emerging challenge
    Abstract: This study offers a more comprehensive analysis of the security implications of the spread of infectious diseases than has been done to date. The study examines the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, highlighting this particular crisis as a graphic example of the devastating effects that infectious disease can have on virtually every aspect of a state's functioning viability. It also makes a detailed analysis of the United States, delineating the threat posed by specific diseases; assessing the effectiveness of the existing public health infrastructure; and offering specific actions that can be taken to improve the country's ability to meet this emerging challenge
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-146)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 15-129
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 127 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 15-129
    Keywords: Development ; United States
    Abstract: The United States has a substantial impact on promoting economic growth and reducing poverty in developing countries due to the large size of its economy, its ability to influence world opinion and action and its weight within the international donor community. In 2001 the United States was the largest donor in the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in volume terms, reporting net official development assistance (ODA) of USD 10.9 billion, more than one-fifth of the DAC total. This represented 0.11% of its gross national income (GNI), the lowest ODA/GNI ratio in the DAC and below the DAC average country effort of 0.40%. President Bush recently announced a bold new proposal, the “Millennium Challenge Account” (MCA) for an additional USD 5 billion annually by 2006. If approved by Congress, the MCA will consolidate the American position as the largest donor, and slightly improve the country’s ODA/GNI performance. The American “checks and balances” system of government has some important ramifications for United States development co-operation. This approach implicates a wide range of stakeholders in budget decision-making, especially through the Congress. Flexible approaches to compromise are standard features of the American system, especially for issues of a short-term nature that respond to national or special interests. Addressing long-term issues related to development co-operation can prove more difficult because they lack urgency or a sufficiently strong and influential domestic constituency. Several of the issues raised in the 1998 DAC Peer Review are being addressed by the current Administration. However, some important development issues, including those relating to Congress, to the basic structure of American aid administration, or to the promotion of policy coherence for development, have proven more resistant to change and are noted again in this review...
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 7-62
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 58 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Budgeting in the United States
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 7-62
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Le processus budgétaire de l’administration fédérale des États-Unis est différent de celui des autres pays membres de l’OCDE. La raison en est la division rigoureuse des pouvoirs qui caractérise le régime constitutionnel américain de même qu’un long parcours historique marqué par l’ajout successif de nouvelles institutions. Le processus budgétaire présidentiel a commencé à se développer au début du siècle précédent. Il a été codifié pour la première fois en 1921 dans une loi intitulée Budget and Accounting Act, laquelle exigeait que le Président soumette au Congrès un budget pour le gouvernement et créait le Bureau of the Budget, devenu depuis l’Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Dans les années 70, le Congrès a modifié son propre processus budgétaire au moyen d’une loi intitulée Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act. Adoptée en 1974, cette loi créait la résolution budgétaire du Congrès et établissait le Congressional Budget Office (CBO). Une nouvelle institution s’est ajoutée au cours des années 1980 dans le but de contrôler le déficit. Il s’agit de la loi intitulée Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, connue sous le nom de Loi Gramm-Rudman-Hollings qui a été adoptée en 1985. Elle a été modifiée en profondeur en 1990 par la Budget Enforcement Act...
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
    ISBN: 9780833033178 , 0833059955 , 9781598751086 , 1598751085 , 9780833059956 , 0833033174
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online report (xxxiv, 151 pages)))
    Parallel Title: Print version Evaluation of the Medicare-DoD subvention demonstration
    Keywords: United States Officials and employees, Retired ; Medical care ; Finance ; United States ; Retired military personnel Medical care ; Finance ; Health maintenance organizations ; Managed care plans (Medical care) Finance ; Medicare ; Government employees' health insurance Finance ; Retired military personnel ; Health maintenance organizations ; Managed care plans (Medical care) ; Medicare ; Government employees' health insurance ; Armed Forces ; Medical care ; Government employees' health insurance ; Finance ; Health maintenance organizations ; Managed care plans (Medical care) ; Finance ; Medicare ; Medical Care Plans ; Public Health ; Health & Biological Sciences ; United States ; United States ; MEDICAL ; Health Policy ; United States Armed Forces ; Medical care ; United States ; Electronic book
    Abstract: The Medicare-Department of Defense (DoD) Subvention Demonstration tested Senior Prime as a managed care approach for enhancing access to affordable health care for Medicare-eligible DoD beneficiaries. While Senior Prime achieved solid beneficiary participation and satisfaction, it also raised a difficult set of challenges involved in applying managed care to the DoD health care system. These challenges included financial issues such as establishing equitable capitation rates and an appropriate level-of-effort baseline, as well as management issues such as effective care management and administrative processes for health plan sites. The basic structures of TRICARE and the DoD health system, including separate management jurisdictions and hierarchical budgeting methods, contribute to the challenges by creating incentives that discourage delivery of cost-effective care. Military treatment facilities need to be motivated not only to provide excellent care but also to manage appropriateness of care and related costs. Although DoD has decided to discontinue the Senior Prime model, many of the lessons learned from this demonstration are applicable to any managed care program that DoD may contemplate in the future
    Abstract: The Medicare-Department of Defense (DoD) Subvention Demonstration tested Senior Prime as a managed care approach for enhancing access to affordable health care for Medicare-eligible DoD beneficiaries. While Senior Prime achieved solid beneficiary participation and satisfaction, it also raised a difficult set of challenges involved in applying managed care to the DoD health care system. These challenges included financial issues such as establishing equitable capitation rates and an appropriate level-of-effort baseline, as well as management issues such as effective care management and administrative processes for health plan sites. The basic structures of TRICARE and the DoD health system, including separate management jurisdictions and hierarchical budgeting methods, contribute to the challenges by creating incentives that discourage delivery of cost-effective care. Military treatment facilities need to be motivated not only to provide excellent care but also to manage appropriateness of care and related costs. Although DoD has decided to discontinue the Senior Prime model, many of the lessons learned from this demonstration are applicable to any managed care program that DoD may contemplate in the future
    Note: "MR-1580-CMS"--Page 4 of cover , "RAND Health , "Prepared for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the DoD Tricare Management Activity (TMA) , Includes bibliographical references (page 127)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9780833032898 , 0833034103 , 0833032925 , 0833032895 , 9780833032928 , 9780833034106
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 390 pages)
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Series Statement: MR / Rand Corporation MR-1576-RC
    Series Statement: MR/Rand Corporation MR-1576-RC
    Parallel Title: Print version New challenges, new tools for defense decisionmaking
    Keywords: National security ; World politics 21st century ; National security ; World politics ; Electronic books ; Military readiness ; National security ; World politics ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Military Science ; United States ; HISTORY ; Military ; Other ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; Military policy ; Decision making ; United States Defenses ; United States Military policy ; Decision making ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: It is still easy to underestimate how much the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War?and then the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 -- transformed the task of American foreign and defense policymaking. In place of predictability (if a sometimes terrifying predictability), the world is now very unpredictable. In place of a single overriding threat and benchmark by which all else could be measured, a number of possible threats have arisen, not all of them states. In place of force-on-force engagements, U.S. defense planners have to assume "asymmetric" threats -- ways not to defeat U.S. power but to render it irrelevant. This book frames the challenges for defense policy that the transformed world engenders, and it sketches new tools for dealing with those challenges -- from new techniques in modeling and gaming, to planning based on capabilities rather than threats, to personnel planning and making use of "best practices" from the private sector
    Abstract: It is still easy to underestimate how much the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War?and then the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 -- transformed the task of American foreign and defense policymaking. In place of predictability (if a sometimes terrifying predictability), the world is now very unpredictable. In place of a single overriding threat and benchmark by which all else could be measured, a number of possible threats have arisen, not all of them states. In place of force-on-force engagements, U.S. defense planners have to assume "asymmetric" threats -- ways not to defeat U.S. power but to render it irrelevant. This book frames the challenges for defense policy that the transformed world engenders, and it sketches new tools for dealing with those challenges -- from new techniques in modeling and gaming, to planning based on capabilities rather than threats, to personnel planning and making use of "best practices" from the private sector
    Note: "MR-1576-RC , Includes bibliographical references and index , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 7-53
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La budgétisation aux États-Unis
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 2, p. 7-53
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The budgetary process in the United States federal government is different from that in other OECD member countries. This is a consequence of the strict separation of powers that characterises the American constitutional system and of a long historical development in which new layers of institutional innovation were successively added to existing ones. The presidential budgetary process started to develop in the beginning of the previous century. Its first codification took place in the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which required that the President submit a budget for the government to Congress and created the Bureau of the Budget, now the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). In the 1970s, Congress changed its own budgetary process through the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, which created the Congressional Budget Resolution and established the Congressional Budget Office. Another layer of innovation was added during the 1980s with the aim of controlling the deficit. This began with the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, commonly known as the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act, which in 1990 was fundamentally amended by the Budget Enforcement Act...
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.350
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper assesses the performance of the United States health system in an international context and discusses potential directions for reform. The US health system is unique among OECD countries in its heavy reliance on the private sector for both financing and delivery of health care. The public sector plays a not-insignificant role, providing coverage for the elderly, disabled and poor, and spending as much on health as a share of GDP as is spent in total by many OECD countries. The system is considered highly flexible, capable of evolving quickly to address the changing preferences of consumers and the incentives put in place by the requirements of payers and government regulation. It is also characterised by excellent access by the insured population to the latest advances in medical technology. However, 14 per cent of Americans lack insurance coverage, and the decentralised, multi-payer approach to financing and regulation provides relatively few levers to control ...
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.7
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: Although new mothers are more likely than ever to be in the labour force, the time around childbirth is a dynamic one, with women quitting work altogether or changing jobs to accommodate the demands of their infants. The passage of Family and Medical Leave legislation during the 1980s and early 1990s may have altered incentives for employment among mothers of young children. This paper will examine whether the FMLA or prior state-legislated leave packages were associated with changes in the continuity of employment for mothers following childbirth, changes in return to their previous employer, and changes in their post-return versus pre-return earnings. Data come from the 1984-1997 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its 1997 Child Development Supplement. Women who had a child post-FMLA return to work more quickly than those whose child was born prior to the FMLA, controlling for demographic factors and the state economic situation. Women who return are also more likely ...
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressurce (39 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2003, 2
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union ; Japan ; United States
    Abstract: This working paper has been presented and discussed at the October 2002 OECD National Accounts Experts Meeting. The objective of the paper is two fold: (1) present comparable results for household financial and non financial assets and liabilities for Europe, the USA and Japan, (2) analyse the change in the composition of household gross and net wealth of these countries and zones between 1995 and 2000. Data is based on official financial accounts sources. However the paper proposes (and estimate the corresponding data) an original classification, better adapted to analysis: pension funds assets are broken down between defined-benefit and defined contribution, life insurance between unit-linked and guaranteed-rate, mutual-funds between equity, bond and mixed. The paper discusses the reliability of the data, including non listed shares and non financial assets. The paper then discusses global and detailed compared trends of household wealth between countries ...
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/12
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: The United States has the oldest and most developed venture capital industry in the OECD. Several successful high-technology companies in computers and communications, as well as in healthrelated sectors and services, were venture-backed. Young high-growth firms also benefit from a continuum of complementary finance from business angels, institutional investors and second-tier stock markets. The government played an active role in the early phases of the venture capital industry through the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program and various technology development schemes. A reduction in capital gains tax rates and liberalisation of rules for pension fund investments in risky assets in the late 1970s also unlocked new capital sources. Venture capital activity, however, has been quite cyclical. Periods of high fund-raising and investment in the 1980s and 1990s were followed by market downturns with negative effects on small firm survival and growth. Fundamental structural ...
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282103128
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies; National Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies: National Reviews
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Russland ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; USA ; Stadtverkehr ; Verkehrspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Ce rapport passe en revue l'expérience de onze pays européens (y compris la Russie) et des États-Unis dans l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre de politiques de transports urbains durables. Des rapports nationaux et une analyse synthétique permettent de tirer des leçons des politiques qui marchent, des cadres institutionnels et financiers appropriés et des partenariats innovants qui favorisent une concertation efficace et une mise en oeuvre responsable.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789282103159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cinquante ans de politique des transports ; Succès, échecs et nouveaux défis
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fifty Years of Transport Policy (Russian version); Successes, Failures and New Challenges
    DDC: 388
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift 2003 ; Electronic books ; Europa ; Verkehrspolitik
    Abstract: Transport policy may well have reached a turning point. New incentives, new pricing, and new instruments to better manage investment and demand are required. This publication outlines a number of strategic directions for transport policy in the coming years. It also contains a summary paper presented at the 87th ministerial session which also marked the ECMT 50th anniversary.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282122969
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Europa ; Transport
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
    ISBN: 9780833032072 , 0833032232 , 0833032070 , 9780833032232
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Karasik, Theodore William Toxic warfare
    DDC: 358/.3
    Keywords: Terrorism ; Biological warfare ; Radioactive wastes War use ; Hazardous substances War use ; Toxins War use ; Poisons War use ; Terrorism ; Biological warfare ; Radioactive wastes ; Hazardous substances ; Toxins ; Poisons ; Chemical Warfare Agents ; Hazardous Substances ; Environmental Exposure ; Weapons ; Poisons ; Environmental Pollutants ; Environmental Pollution ; Armed Conflicts ; Weapons of Mass Destruction ; Violence ; Social Problems ; Crime ; Manufactured Materials ; Toxic Actions ; Specialty Uses of Chemicals ; Noxae ; Public Health ; Chemical Actions and Uses ; Criminology ; Environment and Public Health ; Sociology ; Technology, Industry, and Agriculture ; Social Sciences ; Chemicals and Drugs ; Delivery of Health Care ; Technology, Industry, Agriculture ; Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena ; Chemical Warfare ; Chemical Warfare Agents adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure adverse effects ; Hazardous Substances adverse effects ; Terrorism ; Electronic books ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; Arms Control ; Biological warfare ; Terrorism ; Military Engineering ; Military & Naval Science ; Law, Politics & Government ; HISTORY ; Military ; Biological & Chemical Warfare ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Since the 1990s there has been an increase in the use of toxic weapons; for example, inexpensive and easily acquired chemicals and industrial waste. This work examines the implications of toxic weapon use for military planning and concludes that such weapons merit further analysis
    Abstract: Since the 1990s there has been an increase in the use of toxic weapons; for example, inexpensive and easily acquired chemicals and industrial waste. This work examines the implications of toxic weapon use for military planning and concludes that such weapons merit further analysis
    Note: "MR-1572 , Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-52)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
    ISBN: 9780833032799 , 0833034057 , 0833032798 , 9780833034052
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvii, 143 pages)
    Parallel Title: Print version Baer, Walter S Electricity requirements for a digital society
    DDC: 333.79/6
    Keywords: Electric power consumption Forecasting ; Telecommunication systems Power supply ; Electric power consumption ; Telecommunication systems ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Industries ; Energy ; SCIENCE ; Energy ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Public Policy ; Environmental Policy ; Electric power consumption ; Forecasting ; Telecommunication systems ; Power supply ; Electrical & Computer Engineering ; Engineering & Applied Sciences ; Telecommunications ; United States ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Power Resources ; General ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Increasing use of the Internet and other information and communications technologies (ICTs) marks a U.S. transition toward a "digital society" that may profoundly affect electricity supply, demand and delivery. RAND developed four 20-year scenarios of ICT evolution (2001?2021) for the U.S. Department of Energy and assessed their implications for future U.S. electricity requirements. Increased power consumption by ICT equipment is the most direct and visible effect, but not necessarily the most important. Over time, the effects that ICTs have on energy management, e-commerce, telework, and related trends will likely be much more consequential. Even large growth in the deployment and use of digital technologies will only modestly increase U.S. electricity use over the next two decades. The more pressing concern for an emerging digital society will be how to provide the higher-quality and more-reliable power that ICTs demand
    Abstract: Increasing use of the Internet and other information and communications technologies (ICTs) marks a U.S. transition toward a "digital society" that may profoundly affect electricity supply, demand and delivery. RAND developed four 20-year scenarios of ICT evolution (2001?2021) for the U.S. Department of Energy and assessed their implications for future U.S. electricity requirements. Increased power consumption by ICT equipment is the most direct and visible effect, but not necessarily the most important. Over time, the effects that ICTs have on energy management, e-commerce, telework, and related trends will likely be much more consequential. Even large growth in the deployment and use of digital technologies will only modestly increase U.S. electricity use over the next two decades. The more pressing concern for an emerging digital society will be how to provide the higher-quality and more-reliable power that ICTs demand
    Note: "Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy , Includes bibliographical references
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 1, no. 4, p. 129-150
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 1, no. 4, p. 129-150
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA, the Results Act) established a performance management framework for federal departments and agencies. The framework consists of agency Strategic Plans, Annual Performance Plans and Annual Performance Reports. Additionally, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) annually prepares a Government-wide Performance Plan. Approximately 100 Cabinet departments, independent agencies and government corporations prepare these plans and reports. These departments and agencies comprise nearly the entire Executive branch of government. (The Central Intelligence Agency is statutorily exempted, and OMB has exempted about 15 very small agencies from having to comply with GPRA requirements.)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
    ISBN: 9780833031495 , 0833032577 , 083303149X , 9780833032577
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xx, 89 pages)
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Series Statement: Conference proceedings 176
    Parallel Title: Print version Protecting emergency responders
    Keywords: Industrial safety Congresses ; Employees Congresses Safety measures ; Protective clothing ; Industrial safety ; Employees ; Protective clothing ; Rescue Work ; Risk Management ; Terrorism ; Protective Devices ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Occupational Health ; Social Welfare & Social Work - General ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; Technology - General ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Fire Science ; MEDICAL ; Occupational & Industrial Medicine ; Employees ; Safety measures ; Industrial safety ; Protective clothing ; Engineering & Applied Sciences ; Social Sciences ; Conference papers and proceedings ; United States ; Electronic books ; Congress
    Abstract: Preface; Executive Summary; Acknowledgments; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Chapter One: INTRODUCTION; Chapter Two: THE TERRORIST INCIDENTS; Chapter Three: PERFORMANCE AND AVAILABILITY OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; Chapter Four: INFORMATION AND TRAINING; Chapter Five: SITE MANAGEMENT FOR PERSONAL PROTECTION; Chapter Six: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MOVING FORWARD; Chapter Seven: CONCLUDING REMARKS; Appendix A:; Appendix B:; Appendix C:; Appendix D
    Abstract: Preface; Executive Summary; Acknowledgments; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Chapter One: INTRODUCTION; Chapter Two: THE TERRORIST INCIDENTS; Chapter Three: PERFORMANCE AND AVAILABILITY OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; Chapter Four: INFORMATION AND TRAINING; Chapter Five: SITE MANAGEMENT FOR PERSONAL PROTECTION; Chapter Six: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MOVING FORWARD; Chapter Seven: CONCLUDING REMARKS; Appendix A:; Appendix B:; Appendix C:; Appendix D
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
    ISBN: 9780833031341 , 0833033832 , 0833031341 , 9780833033833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 91 pages)
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Print version Intelligent giving
    Keywords: Education, Higher Finance ; Benefactors Charitable contributions ; Universities and colleges Endowments ; Education, Higher ; Benefactors ; Universities and colleges ; Electronic books ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Philanthropy & Charity ; Benefactors ; Charitable contributions ; Education, Higher ; Finance ; Universities and colleges ; Endowments ; United States ; EDUCATION ; Higher ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Provides an intellectual framework for guiding prospective major donors in giving more effectively to higher education. Although most major gifts are profoundly motivated by charitable intentions, the noble impulse to give to higher education can quickly generate complicated choices. Which school? Which program? Under what terms or conditions? Even very talented people who have enjoyed exceptionally successful careers in business and other fields can become disoriented by academe's idiosyncrasies
    Abstract: Provides an intellectual framework for guiding prospective major donors in giving more effectively to higher education. Although most major gifts are profoundly motivated by charitable intentions, the noble impulse to give to higher education can quickly generate complicated choices. Which school? Which program? Under what terms or conditions? Even very talented people who have enjoyed exceptionally successful careers in business and other fields can become disoriented by academe's idiosyncrasies
    Note: "MR-1427 , Includes bibliographical references , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264191976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; United States
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of US energy policies and programmes. It finds that US energy policy has an influence on energy policy throughout the world. The 2001 National Energy Policy is an important development. The US is taking unilateral action as an alternative to the Kyoto Protocol. This report urges consideration of legislation on carbon dioxide and adoption of policies allowing international trading in emissions. Strengthening fuel economy standards is an encouraging approach to energy use in transport. Different standards for cars and light trucks should be addressed as a priority. Policies to promote new sources of energy supply should be balanced by continuing effort to enhance efficient use of energy. Regional Transmission Operators are a sensible means of ensuring access to transmission and the functioning of a competitive wholesale market. The power crisis in California has slowed progress on market reform; confidence should be restored to reactivate reform and to create certainty for new investment. Harmonised electricity industry standards and regulations could help promote competition and encourage investment. Barriers to exploration for oil and gas need to be addressed. Drilling in new onshore and offshore areas, meeting acceptable environmental standards, is necessary or imports must rise. Refineries are operating at full capacity; pressure could be eased by reducing the range of products they are required to produce to meet regional standards. Coal use will remain important and could be environmentally sustainable with advanced clean coal technology. Re-licensing of existing nuclear plants, consistent with safety standards, could ensure nuclear power plays a continuing role, even if new plants remain uneconomic. The decision on the Yucca Mountain repository will be important for the future of nuclear power worldwide.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.326
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the importance of aggregation bias in the analysis of wage shares developments over time and across countries. We focus on five European countries and the United States and show that the trend decline in the aggregate wage share observed in these countries over much of the 1980s and 1990s partly reflects changes in the sectoral composition of the economy. The application of a fixed-weight aggregation method changes the profile of the observed wage share in a significant way: in particular there is no longer sign of an overshooting of the wage share levels of the early-1970s. Error-correction wage equations based on the adjusted wage shares generally have a better regression fit and show long-run elasticities of real wages to unemployment that vary less across countries and are substantially lower than those obtained with observed shares. These results are broadly confirmed by wage regressions using sectoral data and the Pooled Mean Group estimator ...
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282112939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fraude et délinquance dans les transports routiers de marchandises
    DDC: 364.16/2
    RVK:
    Keywords: Cargo theft Europe ; Statistics ; Motor vehicle fleets Europe ; Safety measures ; Theft from motor vehicles Europe ; Statistics ; Transport ; Europa ; Straßengüterverkehr ; Kriminalität
    Abstract: Crime in road transport is a serious and growing problem. The extent of crime involving goods and goods vehicles is difficult to estimate, but data in some countries show that up to 1% of the commercial fleet is stolen each year, at an annual cost of many millions of euros. In a study of 23 European countries, this report describes the modes of theft of commercial vehicles and goods most prevalent in the 1990s, outlines the various methods used to record highway theft and draws attention to the statistical difficulties involved in measuring the phenomenon. It lists existing and potential security improvements for road freight vehicles, such as equipment to prevent vehicles from being stolen (anti-theft devices), and equipment to track and recover stolen vehicles (after-theft systems). This report results from two ECMT studies on "Theft of goods and goods vehicles" and "Improving security for road freight vehicles". It includes various ECMT Ministerial statements and policy decisions on the subject.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9780833030351 , 0833032399 , 0833030353 , 9780833032393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xl, 199 pages)
    Series Statement: MR / Rand Corporation MR-1349-OSTP/NIJ
    Parallel Title: Print version Schwabe, William, 1942- Challenges and choices for crime-fighting technology
    Keywords: Forensic sciences ; Federal aid to law enforcement agencies ; Law enforcement Administration ; Law enforcement Technological innovations ; Forensic sciences ; Federal aid to law enforcement agencies ; Law enforcement ; Law enforcement ; Social Sciences ; Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency ; United States ; Federal aid to law enforcement agencies ; Forensic sciences ; Law enforcement ; Administration ; Law enforcement ; Technological innovations ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom & Security ; Law Enforcement ; Social Welfare & Social Work ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; General ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Introduction -- Law Enforcement's Use of Technology -- Crime Prevention -- First Response -- Investigation and Apprehension -- Forensic Analysis -- Administration and Management -- Federal Challenges and Choices -- Sources of Technology Information and Support -- Research, Development, and Deployment -- Technology Application -- Challenges and Choices
    Abstract: Introduction -- Law Enforcement's Use of Technology -- Crime Prevention -- First Response -- Investigation and Apprehension -- Forensic Analysis -- Administration and Management -- Federal Challenges and Choices -- Sources of Technology Information and Support -- Research, Development, and Deployment -- Technology Application -- Challenges and Choices
    Note: "Supported by the office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Institute of Justice , "MR-1349-OSTP/NIJ"--Page 4 of cover , Includes bibliographical references (pages 193-199)
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
    ISBN: 9780833030283 , 0833032348 , 0833030280 , 9780833032348
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 151 pages)
    Series Statement: MR/Rand Corporation MR-1385-AF
    Parallel Title: Print version Hosmer, Stephen T Operations against enemy leaders
    Keywords: Coups d'état ; Assassination ; Insurgency ; Coups d'état ; Assassination ; Insurgency ; TRUE CRIME ; Espionage ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Political Freedom & Security ; Intelligence ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; International Relations ; General ; Assassination ; Coups d'état ; Insurgency ; Military policy ; United States ; United States Military policy ; United States ; Electronic books
    Abstract: An examination of a number of leadership attacks from World War II to the 21st century. It offers insights into the comparative efficacy of various forms of leadership attacks, their potential coercive and deterrent value, and the possible unintended consequences of their ill-considered use
    Abstract: An examination of a number of leadership attacks from World War II to the 21st century. It offers insights into the comparative efficacy of various forms of leadership attacks, their potential coercive and deterrent value, and the possible unintended consequences of their ill-considered use
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-151)
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282122846
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assessing the Benefits of Transport
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Verkehrswirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage examine l’ensemble des avantages -- et des coûts -- économiques des infrastructures de transport. Il présente également une réflexion sur les moyens d’établir des estimations satisfaisantes de l’impact global des investissements prévus sur les économies régionales et nationales. Ce livre montre qu’il faut prendre en compte toutes les imperfections économiques susceptibles de survenir -- celles auxquelles le projet devra s’attaquer, notamment la tarification en situation de monopole au niveau local ; celles qui sont liées à l’usage des infrastructures, telles les externalités environnementales ; mais aussi les conséquences non désirées, par exemple les incidences sur le marché local du travail. Il convient également de s’assurer que les avantages nets profitent bien à ceux qui étaient censés bénéficier du projet. Cette publication s’appuie sur des travaux novateurs récemment menés au Royaume-Uni. Elle propose des moyens d’améliorer les évaluations basées sur la traditionnelle méthode de l’analyse coûts-avantages, et lève les doutes qui avaient bloqué son utilisation dans de nombreux pays. Le rapport principal est complété par des examens d’évaluation de projets de transport en Allemagne, en France et au Royaume-Uni, ainsi que dans toute l’Europe. Il est étayé par l’analyse d’une méthode permettant de déterminer les volumes optimaux d’investissement en infrastructures de transport pour maximiser le bien-être économique.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264189393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Confidence in models of radionuclide transport for site-specific assessments
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Mexico ; United States ; Radionuklid ; Ausbreitung ; Geosphäre
    Abstract: GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste.Performance assessment of proposed waste disposal sites requires models of radionuclide transport through the geosphere. To be used in repository planning and development, these models must have the confidence of both national waste management programmes and the wider scientific community. The fourth GEOTRAP workshop, "Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Performance Assessment" held in June 1999, addressed the issue of technical confidence building and provided an overview of current developments in this field. Proposed approaches to confidence building and approaches that have already proven successful were presented and discussed. In addition to the material presented during the workshop, this publication includes a technical synthesis reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789282112830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.115
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport routier de marchandises pour compte propre en Europe
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Straßengüterverkehr
    Abstract: Road freight transport for own account represents a major share of inland transport in Europe and, depending on the country concerned, accounts for two to five times the tonnage carried by rail. Despite its importance, however, own account transport tends to be overlooked since it is not regarded as a logistics activity, whereas it is, in fact, a vital transport function that is changing radically as firms increasingly outsource their distribution activities to commercial hauliers. The scale of road freight transport for own account, the impact of regulatory changes and the future of the sector are the themes addressed in the introductory reports and the experts’ discussions outlined in this publication.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264188600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; United States
    Abstract: Nuclear power plant life management (PLIM) has become an important issue in the context of changing business circumstances caused by regulatory reform of the electricity market. Specifically, the economic aspect of PLIM is being closely investigated as part of the search for greater competitiveness. It was in this light that the NEA organised an international workshop on "Nuclear Power Plant Life Management in a Changing Business World". The objective of the workshop was to examine the status of PLIM activities in OECD Member countries and to develop a set of recommendations through separate working groups focusing on technology, regulation and business. The workshop also provided an opportunity to exchange information on lessons learned from past successes and failures. These proceedings will be of particular interest to those playing a policy role in the nuclear industry and those in a position to shape future PLIM strategies.
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.313
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: There are only a few OECD Member countries with a lower tax take than the United States. Nonetheless there are a number of improvements that could help reduce the distortions that taxation creates in the economy and so boost long-run economic performance. The most noticeable gains could come from reforming the taxation of the income from capital. Savings are not always allocated to the area where they have the highest return, as there are large variations in the tax on capital income depending on the sector in which it is invested and the financing instruments that are used. In addition, taxation of capital income favours present over future consumption with a negative impact on savings and capital accumulation. In the past, a number of proposals have been made to reduce the tax burden on saving, by replacing the income tax with a consumption tax. While in many ways this would be the best approach, it is would represent a major change in a system that has evolved gradually ...
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.278
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper analyses aspects of US environmental policy, including, among others, policy on air and water quality, water supply in certain areas, climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. Particular attention is paid to certain policies in agriculture and road transport, sectors with an important influence on the environment, as well as to the use of cost-benefit analysis (and in some cases specific prohibitions on its use) and the role of the courts in designing and implementing policy. While “command and control” style regulations have produced significant improvements in environmental standards since the 1970s, increasing attention has been paid to the use of economic incentives - permit trading arrangements have been preferred to environmental taxes - and more flexibility in some regulatory policies. These trends towards more cost-effective policies should be extended to such areas as fuel economy, where increased fuel taxes would be more cost-effective than the “CAFE” ...
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coopération bilatérale pour combattre la fraude transfontière: l'expérience des Etats-Unis et du Canada
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Canada ; United States
    Abstract: On 22 March 2000 the CCP held a half-day Forum Session intended to explore the challenges and possibilities associated with international co-operation. Using the experience of the United States and Canada as a practical example, the session provided an overview of ongoing efforts to combat the growing problem of cross-border fraudulent, misleading and unfair commercial conduct. The delegations of Canada and the United States took the leading role in preparing for the session, giving the Committee a first-hand look at their experiences working together to facilitate communication, information sharing, and bilateral co-operation in certain cross-border enforcement actions. The following is a summary record of the Forum Session and the presentations given by representatives from the Competition Bureau of Industry Canada and the United States Federal Trade Commission. Copyright
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  • 42
    Language: French
    Pages: 15 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cross-border Co-operation in Combatting Cross-border Fraud: The US/Canadian Experience
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Canada ; United States
    Abstract: Le 22 mars 2000, le CPC a tenu une session en forum d'une demi-journée afin d'étudier les problèmes et possibilités associés à la coopération internationale. A partir de l'expérience des Etats-Unis et du Canada comme exemple pratique, la session a donné un aperçu des efforts actuellement déployés pour lutter contre le problème de plus en plus aigu que posent les pratiques commerciales transfrontières frauduleuses, trompeuses ou déloyales. Les délégations du Canada et des Etats-Unis ont joué un rôle majeur dans la préparation de cette session, au cours de laquelle elles ont communiqué au Comité des renseignements de première main sur les moyens mis en oeuvre par les deux pays pour faciliter la communication, l'échange d'informations et la coopération bilatérale en ce qui concerne certaines mesures transnationales de lutte contre la fraude. On trouvera ci-joint un compte rendu succinct de la session en forum ainsi que des exposés donnés par les représentants du Bureau de la concurrence (Industrie Canada) ainsi que de la Federal Trade Commission (Etats-Unis).
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282122808
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.113
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Land Access to Sea Ports
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Land Access to Sea Ports
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Seehafen ; Verkehrsanbindung
    Abstract: Au cours des dernières années, le transport intercontinental a connu une véritable révolution : l’expansion considérable de la conteneurisation, le développement des mégatransporteurs, des navires porte-conteneurs toujours plus gros et la massification des flux en sont autant de signes tangibles. Ces changements se sont traduits par un abaissement considérable des coûts du transport maritime qui a rendu les pays lointains beaucoup plus accessibles. Le transport terrestre est donc souvent devenu le maillon le plus onéreux de la chaîne de transport en trafic international, d'où la pression croissante des armateurs pour contrôler ce secteur d'activité. Sur terre, la route reste dominante, mais face à la congestion des infrastructures, le rail et la voie d’eau peuvent jouer un rôle. Dans quelles conditions ces deux derniers modes peuvent-ils prendre une part plus importante dans les transports terrestres ? Il faut savoir que faute d'un réseau spécifiquement dédié au fret, le rail ne peut pas vraiment être compétitif tandis que la navigation fluviale ne pourra jouer un rôle significatif que si elle parvient à diminuer ses coûts de transbordement. Une plus grande concurrence au sein de ces deux modes de transport ne pourrait-elle engendrer des gains de productivité et de qualité de service ? La Table Ronde a permis d'aborder l’ensemble des questions relatives à la compétitivité des modes de transport terrestre en dégageant des lignes directrices pour l’action des pouvoirs publics en matière de desserte des ports maritimes.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789282122839
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.115
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Road Freight Transport for Own Account in Europe
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.:
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Road Freight Transport for Own Account in Europe
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Straßengüterverkehr
    Abstract: Le transport routier de marchandises pour compte propre assure une part importante des transports terrestres en Europe. En tonnages transportés, son activité représente, selon les pays européens, entre deux et cinq fois celle des transports ferroviaires. Pourtant, le transport pour compte propre ne retient guère l'attention et il n'est même pas considéré comme relevant du domaine de la logistique. Or, il assume une fonction essentielle dans le domaine du transport et connaît une profonde mutation du fait de la tendance croissante des entreprises à confier leurs envois à des transporteurs professionnels plutôt qu'à les effectuer elles-mêmes. Comprendre l’importance des transports routiers de marchandises pour compte propre, analyser les conséquences des évolutions réglementaires qui ont marqué ce domaine d’activité et mieux appréhender son avenir, tel fut l’objet des rapports introductifs et du débat entre experts que cette publication retrace.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282123270
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Short Sea Shipping in Europe
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Küstenschifffahrt
    Abstract: Depuis quelques années, les transports maritimes à courte distance (TMCD) ont bénéficié de nombreuses initiatives publiques visant à promouvoir leur développement. L’objectif a été de favoriser une meilleure répartition modale des transports en Europe, mais aussi de diminuer l’impact des transports sur l’environnement, d’assurer une meilleure cohésion européenne, et de promouvoir un système de transport durable. Ainsi, les TMCD ont jusqu’à présent suscité l’intérêt des pouvoirs publics surtout en tant qu’alternative aux transports routiers, mode prédominant en Europe. Mais les TMCD peuvent-ils être conçus seulement comme une alternative aux transports routiers ? Ne constituent-ils pas un élément à part entière d’un réseau de transports intégré ? Cet ouvrage montre quel rôle les TMCD peuvent jouer dans l’optique de modes de transport complémentaires et quels défis les pouvoirs publics européens devront relever.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282113592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables 113
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Land Access to Sea Ports
    DDC: 387.1
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Europa ; Seehafen ; Verkehrsanbindung
    Abstract: In recent years, the substantial expansion in containerisation, the advent of megacarriers, the race for ever larger container-ships and higher-volume flows, have revolutionised intercontinental transport. These changes have entailed considerable reductions in maritime transport costs, which has made distant countries extremely accessible. The most costly component of the international traffic transport chain is now the inland leg, which explains why forwarders are so keen to gain control over inland transport operations. On land, road is the dominant mode, but with infrastructure congestion
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282112731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme ferroviaire ; Réglementation des marchés de transport de marchandises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La réforme ferroviaire : Réglementation des marchés de transport de marchandises
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Industry and Services ; Eisenbahn ; Güterverkehr ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Europa ; Reform
    Abstract: This report examines the form regulation should take in rail freight markets to promote efficiency in railways and the wider economy. It analyses issues of monopoly, scale economies, competition, mergers, ownership and the structure of the rail industry. Experience in North America, Australia, Japan, the European Union and countries from eastern and western Europe is reviewed. The need for regulation differs by market and, together with political constraints, this means that regulatory models can not be transferred wholesale from one continent to another. However, each region provides important lessons for reforms currently under consideration in all ECMT and OECD countries.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282113271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le transport maritime à courte distance en Europe
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Europa ; Küstenschifffahrt
    Abstract: For some years now, short sea shipping (SSS) has benefited from a number of government initiatives aimed at promoting its development. The aim has been to promote a more balanced modal split in transport in Europe while also reducing the impact of transport on the environment, ensuring greater European cohesion and promoting a sustainable transport system. Up to now, SSS has aroused interest at policy level mainly as an alternative to road transport, the predominant mode in Europe. Yet, is SSS only an alternative to road transport? Can it be seen as a separate component of an integrated transport network in its own right? This book shows what role SSS can play in the context of modal complementarity and what challenges European policy makers will be presented with.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282112847
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluer les avantages des transports
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Transport ; Ökonomie ; Gewinn ; Europa ; Verkehrswirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: This book discusses the full economic benefits - and costs - of transport infrastructure and explores ways to make good estimates of the full impact of planned investments on regional and national economies. It argues for proper account to be taken of all relevant economic weaknesses -- those the project is designed to address such as local monopoly pricing, those associated with use of the infrastructure such as environmental externalities, and possible unintended consequences such as impacts on local labour markets. Care must also be taken to verify that net benefits are likely to accrue to those that the project was intended to benefit. Building on recent groundbreaking work in the United Kingdom this publication suggests ways to improve traditional cost-benefit assessments, overcoming reservations that have inhibited the use of CBA in many countries. The main report is completed with examinations of transport project assessment approaches in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and across Europe together with a discussion of an approach to determining optimal levels of investment in transport infrastructure for maximising socio-economic welfare.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789282113615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables 115
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Road Freight Transport for Own Account in Europe
    DDC: 388/.044/094
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Europa ; Straßengüterverkehr
    Abstract: Road freight transport for own account represents a major share of inland transport in Europe and, depending on the country concerned, accounts for two to five times the tonnage carried by rail. Despite its importance, however, own account transport tends to be overlooked since it is not regarded as a logistics activity, whereas it is, in fact, a vital transport function that is changing radically as firms increasingly outsource their distribution activities to commercial hauliers. The scale of road freight transport for own account, the impact of regulatory changes and the future of the secto
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282112786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.114
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les services réguliers interurbains d'autocars en Europe
    DDC: 375
    RVK:
    Keywords: Transport ; Konferenzschrift 1999 ; Electronic books ; Europa ; Omnibuslinienverkehr ; Internationaler Verkehr
    Abstract: Although deregulation is well under way in the transport sector, regular coach services are still largely regulated. Governments see them as potentially competing with rail transport services. However, in countries that have had some experience with deregulation the outcome has clearly been positive (except for local short-distance services). The Round Table began with a review of regular interurban coach services based on case studies in countries which had adopted an original approach. This report shows the industry in a totally new light. One of its main findings is that there is a specific market for customers that have no other means of transport. Opening up this market would benefit the most economically disadvantaged sectors of the population. But that is not the only lesson to be learned from this Round Table.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264282193
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Edition 2000
    Keywords: Europa ; Transport
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
    ISBN: 9780833043276 , 0833043277 , 9780833025616 , 058538391X , 9781282451490 , 1282451499 , 9780585383910 , 0833025619
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xl, 271 pages)
    Edition: [S.l.] HathiTrust Digital Library 2010 Electronic reproduction
    Parallel Title: Print version Improving student achievement
    RVK:
    Keywords: School improvement programs Government policy ; States ; Academic achievement Government policy ; States ; Academic achievement States ; Evaluation ; Educational tests and measurements Statistics States ; School improvement programs ; Academic achievement ; Academic achievement ; Educational tests and measurements ; EDUCATION ; Evaluation ; STUDY AIDS ; Tests ; EDUCATION ; Testing & Measurement ; Educational tests and measurements ; U.S. states ; Leistungssteigerung ; Schulleistung ; Schulpolitik ; Theory & Practice of Education ; Education ; Social Sciences ; USA ; United States ; Statistics ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Why do students have different achievement levels across states? Is math achievement improving across states? Differences in average achievement levels across states are mainly traceable to differing family characteristics. However, students from similar families also score differently across states. These differences are related to differences in resource levels and in how resources are spent. States with high spending per pupil, lower pupil-teacher ratios, higher participation in public prekindergarten and higher reported teacher resources have higher achievement. Disadvantaged children are the most sensitive to low resource, and additional resources could substantially their scores. Between-state, rather than within-state, differences in resources appear to be the main reason for inequitable resource levels for students of lower socioeconomic status. The conclusion is that significant math gains are occurring across most states that cannot be traced to resource changes, that the rate of gain varies significantly by state, and that reform efforts are the likely cause of these gains. The results certainly challenge the traditional view of public education as "unreformable
    Abstract: Why do students have different achievement levels across states? Is math achievement improving across states? Differences in average achievement levels across states are mainly traceable to differing family characteristics. However, students from similar families also score differently across states. These differences are related to differences in resource levels and in how resources are spent. States with high spending per pupil, lower pupil-teacher ratios, higher participation in public prekindergarten and higher reported teacher resources have higher achievement. Disadvantaged children are the most sensitive to low resource, and additional resources could substantially their scores. Between-state, rather than within-state, differences in resources appear to be the main reason for inequitable resource levels for students of lower socioeconomic status. The conclusion is that significant math gains are occurring across most states that cannot be traced to resource changes, that the rate of gain varies significantly by state, and that reform efforts are the likely cause of these gains. The results certainly challenge the traditional view of public education as "unreformable
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 257-271) , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Electronic reproduction , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281431
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Public Employment Service in the United States
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; United States ; USA ; Arbeitsverwaltung
    Abstract: Depuis le début des années 1990, la politique du marché du travail traverse une période de profonde restructuration aux États-Unis. On demande au service public de l'emploi (SPE) d'être plus efficace tout en faisant face à des ressources limitées, dans un contexte de réforme de la protection sociale, de chômage persistant, de recul du revenu réel dans certaines couches de la population (notamment chez les moins qualifiés) et d'expansion économique durable. Quel bilan tirer des réformes menées jusqu'ici -- lesquelles semblent réussir et lesquelles marchent moins bien ? Parmi ces nouvelles approches lesquelles faudrait-il revoir en cas de ralentissement économique ? Dans quels domaines les ajustements peuvent-ils conduire à davantage d'efficacité ? Cet ouvrage répond à ces questions et offre une analyse approfondie du SPE des États-Unis et des initiatives récentes prises en la matière. Il expose les sujets de préoccupation soulevés par les réformes récentes ainsi que les options pour rendre les politiques plus efficaces.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: The public employment service in the United States
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
    ISBN: 9789264288171
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strategic Environmental Assessment for Transport
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Europa ; Güterverkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: En matière d’investissement dans les infrastructures de transport, les études d’impact sur l’environnement sont essentielles à la prise de décision. En effet, les méthodes utilisées par le passé pour rendre compte de répercussions plus vastes que celles des projets pris isolément se sont avérées inefficaces ; l’évaluation environnementale stratégique a donc été conçue pour répondre à la nécessité d’analyser les effets à grande échelle, qu'il s'agisse de ceux du trafic sur l’ensemble des réseaux ou bien de ceux qui concernent le changement climatique et la biodiversité, ainsi que pour comparer les effets des décisions des pouvoirs publics à ceux de projets isolés. Ce rapport passe en revue les travaux récemment menés pour perfectionner l'évaluation environnementale au niveau international et formule des recommandations visant à maximiser l’efficacité de ce nouvel instrument.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le service public de l'emploi aux Etats-Unis
    DDC: 331.12/8/0973
    RVK:
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; United States ; USA ; Arbeitsverwaltung
    Abstract: Over the last decade, labour market policy in the United States has been undergoing a period of significant restructuring. In the face of welfare reform initiatives, persistent unemployment and declines in real income among some groups (particularly the less skilled), and continued economic expansion, there is pressure on the public employment service (PES) to improve effectiveness. But, it must also come to terms with resource limitations. How have reforms fared so far -- what seems to be working well or not so well? Which of the new approaches may require revision in the event of an economic downturn? Where might adjustments lead to improved effectiveness? While considering such questions, this publication provides an in-depth look at the PES and recent policy initiatives in the United States. Areas of concern about recent reforms are outlined and options for making policies more effective are presented.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789264273986
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Regulatory Reform in the United States 1999
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Depuis un quart de siècle, les États-Unis jouent un rôle de pionnier dans le domaine de la réforme de la réglementation à l'échelle mondiale. Contrairement à l'opinion courante, les États-Unis ne sont pas moins réglementés que les autres pays mais ils sont réglementés différemment eu égard à l'orientation favorable à la concurrence des régimes réglementaires fédéraux, et à l'ouverture et à la contestabilité des processus de réglementation. Une déréglementation économique de grande envergure associée à des efforts pour améliorer la qualité de la réglementation sociale ont contribué à l'édification de l'une des économies les plus innovantes, les plus flexibles et les plus ouvertes de la zone OCDE, tout en maintenant des normes relativement élevées dans les domaines de la santé, de la sécurité et de l'environnement. Pourtant, d'importants problèmes liés à la réglementation persistent aux États-Unis. Un défi fondamental pour assurer sa qualité consiste à améliorer le rapport coût-efficacité et la performance de réglementations sociales et de formalités publiques coûteuses. En un mot, il s'agit moins de réglementer plus que de bien réglementer. Les États-Unis sont un des premiers pays à avoir demander à l'OCDE de procéder à un examen général de ses pratiques réglementaires et des réformes de la réglementation menées à l'échelon national. Cet ouvrage est le fruit de l'évaluation approfondie menée par l'OCDE et d'un examen par ses pays Membres. Il présente une évaluation sans équivalent de la réforme de la réglementation dans des domaines aussi essentiels que le contexte macro-économique, la qualité du secteur public, la politique de la concurrence et sa mise en oeuvre, ainsi que l'intégration des principes d'ouverture du marché dans les processus réglementaires et dans des secteurs tels que l'électricité et les télécommunications. Les politiques recommandées offrent un plan d'action équilibré à court et à plus long terme fondé sur les meilleures pratiques réglementaires à l'échelon international. Pour en savoir plus A lire dans la même collection : La réforme de la réglementation au Japon, La réforme de la réglementation aux Pays-Bas, La réforme de la réglementation au Mexique. L'analyse de fond dont découlent ces premiers examens par pays est présentée dans le Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Rapport de synthèse et dans les deux volumes du Rapport de l'OCDE sur la réforme de la réglementation : Études sectorielles et Études thématiques, publiés en 1997.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 79 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.261
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper examines the underpinnings of the successful performance of the US economy in the late 1990s. Relative to the early 1990s, output growth has accelerated by nearly two percentage points. We attribute this to rapid capital accumulation, a surge in hours worked, and faster growth of total factor productivity. The acceleration of productivity growth, driven by information technology, is the most remarkable feature of the US growth resurgence. We consider the implications of these developments for the future growth of the US economy ...
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  • 59
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2000/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. New York's School for the Physical City: Architectural Design Concerns
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: La School for the Physical City a été installée dans un immeuble de bureaux dans le centre financier et commercial de Manhattan pour 500 élèves de la sixième à la terminale, qui se servent de l’infrastructure de la ville pour étudier les disciplines scolaires traditionnelles. Il s’agit de l’une des petites écoles thématiques inaugurées en 1993/94 par le Conseil des écoles de New York avec l’aide de quatre organisations à but non lucratif, au titre d’un programme intitulé « Visions nouvelles pour l’école » qui relève de l’administration fédérale.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.273
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan ; United States
    Abstract: In many industries, competition is far from perfect and managerial efficiency (or a fixed cost) varies among firms. However, traditional measurement of technological progress assumes perfect competition and no fixed cost. This paper incorporates these two factors in the technological-progress measurement and investigates the biases caused by their omission. We show that if capital growth exceeds non-capital-input growth and that firms earn a positive pure profit, then traditional measurement underestimates the true technological progress. We apply this methodology to Japanese and US industries, and find that imperfect competition and managerial efficiency are important. However, the magnitude of the bias is not large ...
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2000/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. New York : une école adaptée à la réalité physique de la ville - Aspects de l'architecture
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: The School for the Physical City was built in an office building in the central business district of Manhattan for 500 students, in grades 7 through 12, who use the city’s infrastructure as a vehicle for studying traditional academic disciplines. It is one of the new, small theme schools inaugurated in 1993/94 by the New York City (NYC) Board of Education with support from four nonprofit organisations, initiated under the New Visions School Programme by the federal government.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264187832
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Méthodes d'analyses comparatives dans les transports ; Méthodologies, applications et données nécessaires
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transport benchmarking
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    Keywords: Benchmarking ; Verkehrssektor ; Verkehrssicherheit ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Luftfrachtverkehr ; Europa ; Welt ; Schienenverkehr ; Transport ; Benchmarking (Management) ; European Union countries ; Transportation and state ; European Union countries ; Benchmarking ; Transport
    Abstract: This conference proceedings defines transport benchmarking, analyzes its usefulness to policy makers and discusses what lessons can be drawn at the national and international level for policy makers. The first part examines the different methodological aspects raised by benchmarking methods. The conference clarified the multiple concepts included in this type of mechanism and identified different practices which range from the simple statistical tool to a genuine policy lever. The second part describes several concrete examples of benchmarking applications in the transport sector. These examples relate in particular to topics such as road safety, rail transport, the environment, public and urban transport, seaports and air cargo, etc. Each chapter of this publication may be read independently. A fundamental message, common to all the examples presented, emerges: it is essential to improve the quality of statistics in order to ensure more reliable transport benchmarking results.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264181694
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Intégration des marchés des transports terrestres européens
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Integration of European inland transport markets
    DDC: 380
    RVK:
    Keywords: Güterverkehr ; Personenverkehr ; Grenzüberschreitender Verkehr ; Verkehrsrecht ; Rechtsangleichung ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Osteuropa ; Europa ; Schienengüterverkehr ; Europa ; Asien ; Transport ; Europe Economic integration ; Congresses ; Europa ; Transportmarkt ; Integration
    Abstract: The integration of European inland transport markets is a topical issue that has generated a great deal of activity in recent years. The integration of transport markets is a fundamental condition for the development of trade relations and economic activity.This book is an essential tool for all transport professionals. It looks at the most recent transport and investment trends. It then examines the pan-European process of legal harmonisation and adjustment of transport systems and analyses emerging trade and transport links between Europe and Asia. Obstacles at border crossings for international road and rail goods transport are also dealt with along with ways of combating crime in transport. Lastly, the topical issue of public-private partnerships in transport infrastructure financing is tackled and conclusions are presented.
    Note: Franz. Ausg.u.d.T.: Intégration des marchés des transports terrestres européens
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264188174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'évaluation environnementale stratégique dans le secteur des transports
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strategic environmental assessment for transport
    RVK:
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Verkehrsplanung ; Umweltbewertung ; Europa ; Welt ; Environmental impact analysis ; Transportation Environmental aspects ; Europe ; Environment ; Transport ; Verkehrspolitik ; Güterverkehr ; Umweltverträglichkeit
    Abstract: Environmental impact assessments are an essential component of making decisions on transport infrastructure investments. Traditional procedures have proved ineffective for impacts that go beyond the scope of projects in isolation. Strategic environmental assessment has emerged in response, to address large scale effects including impacts on traffic across networks, impacts on climate change and biodiversity and the impacts of policy decisions as opposed simply to individual projects. This report examines recent experience in developing environmental assessment internationally and makes recommendations on maximising the effectiveness of this new tool.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264180277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assainir le parc automobile ; Programmes de renouvellement et de mise à la casse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cleaner cars
    DDC: 363.738/7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kraftfahrzeug ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Schrott ; Europa ; Welt ; Transport ; Wirtschaftskreislauf ; Recyclinggerechte Konstruktion ; Verwertung ; Kraftfahrzeug
    Abstract: Pollution from transport is being cut substantially through exhaust emissions regulations and vehicle manufacturers’ investments in cleaner technologies. The benefits of these improvements, however, are delayed as car fleet renewal takes a decade on average in Europe. Car scrappage schemes can be used to accelerate the uptake of new, cleaner vehicles. This publication analyses the effectiveness of these programmes in protecting the environment and reviews the schemes introduced to date in Europe and North America. Three complementary issues are addressed to help make pragmatic recommendations:- What are the effects of scrapping schemes on the car market and the national economy?- What are the effects of these programmes on the environment?- And can scrappage schemes be useful in former socialist countries?
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