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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (255)
  • Kalliope (Nachlässe)
  • MARKK
  • 2015-2019  (255)
  • 2018  (255)
  • Amtsdruckschrift  (255)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Tendances de la cohésion sociale (from 2002-)
    Strasbourg : Ed. du Conseil de l'Europe ; Nr. 1.2002 -
    Details
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.2002 -
    Former Title: Trends in social Cohesion
    Subsequent Title: Daraus hervorgeg. Trends in social cohesion
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Bis 20.2009 zweisprachige Ausg. mit Titelbl. in beiden Sprachen
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Azärbaycanın regionları (from 2001-)
    Bakı : "Säda" ; 2001 -
    Details
    Language: Azerbaijani
    Dates of Publication: 2001 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aserbaidschan. Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi Azärbaycanın regionları
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Regionalstatistik ; Aserbaidschan ; Azerbaijan ; Statistics ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Aserbaidschan
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Kyrgyzstan 1999 : pervaja nacionalʹnaja perepisʹ naselenija (2000-)
    Biškek
    Details
    Language: Russian
    Keywords: 1999 ; Kirgisistan ; Volkszählung ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Statistik ; Kirgisien ; Volkszählung ; Geschichte 1999
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., russ.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Book
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Ḩisobḩoi millii Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston : maǵmūai omorī = Nacionalʹnye sčeta Respubliki Tadžikistan : statističeskij sbornik (from 2010-)
    Dušanbe : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 2010 -
    Details
    Language: Tajik , Russian
    Dates of Publication: 2010 -
    Former Title: Vorg. Nišondiḩandaḩoi asosii sistemai ḩisobi millj
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Tadschikistan ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: In kyrill. Schr.; Text tadschik. u. russ.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unternehmen Region (2004-)
    Bonn : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 2004 -
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 2004 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Unternehmen Region
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Regionalpolitik ; Ostdeutschland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 02.09.2022
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2324886-5
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    Online Resource
    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Arab human development report (from 2002-)
    New York, NY : United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Arab States ; 1.2002-6 (2016) [?] ; 2022-
    Details
    ISSN: 1992-7622 , 2520-2189 , 2520-2189
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2002-6 (2016) [?] ; 2022-
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Taqrīr at-tanmīya al-insānīya al-ʿarabīya li-l-ʿām ...
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arab human development report ...
    Former Title: The Arab human development report
    RVK:
    QR 810
    Keywords: Entwicklungsindikator ; Sozialer Indikator ; Lebensqualität ; Humankapital ; Arabische Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Arabien ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Araber ; Gesellschaft ; Entwicklung ; Araber ; Entwicklung
    Note: Zusatz wechselt , Urh. bis 4.2005: United Nations Development Programme, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development , Teils ohne Zählung; Zählung aus dem Vorwort oder dem Text
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    South Africa yearbook (from 1974-)
    Pretoria : GCIS | Johannesburg : Perskor Print. | Pretoria : South African Communication Service ; 1.1974 - 12.1986; 13.1987/88 - 15.1989/90; [N.S.] 1=17.1991/92 - 3=19.1993; [3.Ser.] Ed. 1.1994 - 6.1999; 7.2000/01(2000) - 10.2003/04(2003); 12.2004/05(2004) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-0681 , 1022-9515 , 0302-0681 , 0302-0681
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 - 12.1986; 13.1987/88 - 15.1989/90; [N.S.] 1=17.1991/92 - 3=19.1993; [3.Ser.] Ed. 1.1994 - 6.1999; 7.2000/01(2000) - 10.2003/04(2003); 12.2004/05(2004) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südafrika Suid-Afrika
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südafrika South Africa yearbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südafrika South Africa yearbook
    Former Title: Vorg. Südafrika Official yearbook of the Union and of Basutoland, Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland
    Former Title: South Africa
    Former Title: Official yearbook
    Former Title: Yearbook
    Former Title: Official yearbook of the Republic of South Africa
    DDC: 910
    RVK:
    AE 67906
    RVK:
    QG 710
    RVK:
    RS 74006
    RVK:
    RS 74053
    RVK:
    RS 60053
    Keywords: Südafrika ; Gebietskörperschaft ; Regionalforschung ; Geografie ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Innenpolitik ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Handbuch ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Südafrika
    Note: 1.1974 auch als International ed. bez , Urh. anfangs: South African Department of Information; bis 15.1989/90: Department of Foreign Affairs; bis [3.Ser.] 4.1997: South African Communication Service , Anfangs teils ohne Zählung; 11 in d. Zählung übersprungen , Ersch. 1991/92 - 1993 als engl.-sprachige, gekürzte Ausg.
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Barūjchatgirii aḩolī va fondi manzili Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston dar soli 2010 : = Perepisʹ naselenija i žiliščnogo fonda Respubliki Tadžikistan 2010 goda (2012-)
    Dušanbe
    Details
    ISBN: 9789994737215
    Language: Tajik , Russian
    Parallel Title: CD-ROM-Ausg. Barūjchatgirii aḩolī va fondi manzili Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston dar soli 2010
    Keywords: 2010 ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Volkszählung ; Tadschikistan ; Tajikistan Census, 2010 ; Tajikistan Statistics Population ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur
    Note: In kyrill. Schr., tadschikisch und russ.
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    Book
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    FAO forestry paper (from 1977-)
    Rome : FAO ; Nr. 1.1977 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1020-6450 , 1014-2894 , 0258-6150 , 0258-6150 , 0258-6150
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1977 -
    Additional Information: 13=1960/77; 18=1960/78; 23=1961/80 usw. von Forest products prices Rome : FAO, 1979 0258-6150
    Additional Information: 14=2 von Training Course on Forest Roads and Wood Harvesting in Mountainous Forests (ZDB) Technical report of FAO Austria Training Course on Forest Roads and Wood Harvesting in Mountainous Forests Rome : FAO, 1976
    Additional Information: 140=2000; 147=2005; 163=2010 von Global forest resources assessment Rome : FAO, 2001
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als FAO FAO forestry paper
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Forstwirtschaft ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe ; Forstwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltrecht ; Forstwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltrecht
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Weltkulturen Museum
    BSZ
    GBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Trends in social cohesion (from 2010-)
    Strasbourg : Council of Europe Publ. ; 21.2010 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 21.2010 -
    Former Title: Hervorg. aus Tendances de la cohésion sociale
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Demografijai solonai Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston : = Demografičeskij ežegodnik Respubliki Tadžikistan (from 2008-)
    Dušanbe : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; Nachgewiesen 2006(2008) -
    Details
    Language: Tajik , Russian
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 2006(2008) -
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Tadschikistan ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: Urh. bis 2009: Kumitai Davlatii Omori Ǵumḩurii Toǵikiston , In kyrill. Schr.; Text tadschik. u. russ.
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Azärbaycanın statistik göstäriciläri : = Statistical yearbook of Azerbaijan (from 1994-)
    Baku ; Nachgewiesen 1994 -
    Details
    Language: Azerbaijani , English
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 1994 -
    Parallel Title: CD-ROM-Ausg. Aserbaidschan Azärbaycanın statistik göstäriciläri
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Aserbaidschan Azärbaycanın statistik göstäriciläri
    Former Title: Vorg. Narodnoe chozjajstvo Azerbajdžanskoj SSR
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Statistik ; Aserbaidschan ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: Text aserbaidschan. u. engl.
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annual report / Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Information (from 1974-)
    [Ottawa] ; Nachgewiesen 1974 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0384-2479
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 1974 -
    Former Title: Annual report of the Government of the Northwest Territories
    Former Title: Rapport annuel du Gouvernement des Territoires du Nord-Quest
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Northwest Territories ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Text engl. u. franz
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    Journal/Serial
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Legislative study (from 1971-)
    Rome : FAO ; Nr. 1.1971 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1014-6679
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1971 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als FAO legislative study
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Etude législative
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Estudio legislativo
    Former Title: Legislative studies
    Former Title: FAO legislative study
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Einige Nr. nicht ersch
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Environmental performance reviews series (from 1996-)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : United Nations ; 1.1996 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1020-4563 , 2412-107X
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1996 -
    Series Statement: United Nations publication
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Environmental performance reviews series
    Former Title: Environmental performance reviews
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Umweltschutz ; Welt ; Environmental policy ; Environmental policy International cooperation ; Environmental protection ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    FAO forestry paper (from 1977-)
    Rome : FAO ; Nr. 1.1977 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1020-6450 , 1014-2894 , 0258-6150 , 0258-6150 , 0258-6150
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1977 -
    Additional Information: 13=1960/77; 18=1960/78; 23=1961/80 usw. von Forest products prices Rome : FAO, 1979 0258-6150
    Additional Information: 14=2 von Training Course on Forest Roads and Wood Harvesting in Mountainous Forests (ZDB) Technical report of FAO Austria Training Course on Forest Roads and Wood Harvesting in Mountainous Forests Rome : FAO, 1976
    Additional Information: 140=2000; 147=2005; 163=2010 von Global forest resources assessment Rome : FAO, 2001
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als FAO FAO forestry paper
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Forstwirtschaft ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe ; Forstwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltrecht ; Forstwirtschaft ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltrecht
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Weltkulturen Museum
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Zhong guo nong cun tong ji nian jian : = China rural statistical yearbook (from 1986-)
    Bei jing : Zhong guo tong ji chu ban she ; 1985(1986) -
    Details
    Title: 中国农村统计年鉴
    Publisher: 北京 : 中国统计出版社
    Language: Chinese
    Dates of Publication: 1985(1986) -
    Former Title: Rural statistical yearbook of China
    Former Title: Zhongguo-nongcun-tongji-nianjian
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Ländliche Wirtschaft ; China ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: 1987; 2000 - 2002 ohne Parallelsacht , Urh. 1986: Guo jia tong ji ju nong ye tong ji si, 1987 - 1993?: Guo jia tong ji ju nong cun she hui jing ji tong ji si , Ersch. jährl. , Text chinesisch
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Social policy and development : = Política social y desarrollo = Politique sociale et développement (from 2000-)
    Geneva ; 1.2000 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1020-8208
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.2000 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Social policy and development
    Former Title: Política social y desarrollo
    Former Title: Politique sociale et développement
    Former Title: Política social e desenvolvimento
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Monografische Reihe
    Note: Reihenfolge zwischen Hauptsacht. u. Parallelsacht. wechselt , Überw. in engl., teils in span., franz. o. portug. Sprache ersch.
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Zhong guo tong ji nian jian : = China statistical yearbook (from 1982-)
    Bei jing : Zhong guo tong ji chu ban she ; 1981(1982) - 1996; 16.1997 -
    Details
    Title: 中国统计年鉴
    Author, Corporation: 中国
    Publisher: 北京 : 中国统计出版社
    ISSN: 0255-6766
    Language: Chinese , English
    Dates of Publication: 1981(1982) - 1996; 16.1997 -
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe China Statistical yearbook of China
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China Zhong guo tong ji nian jian
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als China. Guo jia tong ji ju Zhong guo tong ji nian jian
    Former Title: Engl. Ausg. u. darin aufgeg. China China statistical yearbook
    Former Title: Chung-kuo t'ung-chi nien-chien
    Former Title: Statistical yearbook of China
    Former Title: Zhongguo-tongji-nianjian
    RVK:
    PO 8024
    Keywords: Statistik ; China ; Gesellschaft ; Binnenwirtschaft ; Volksrepublik China Gesellschaft ; Binnenwirtschaft ; China ; Graue Literatur ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; China ; China ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Jahrbuch ; China
    Note: Anfangs ohne Parallelsacht , Erscheint jährlich , Herausgeber bis 36 (2017): Zhong hua ren min gong he guo guo jia tong ji ju bian , Text chines. u. engl. ab 1994
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Warenverzeichnis für die Aussenhandelsstatistik (from 1952-)
    Köln : Reguvis Fachmedien GmbH | Stuttgart : Kohlhammer | Stuttgart : Metzler-Poeschel | Wiesbaden : Statistisches Bundesamt ; 1951(1952) -
    Details
    ISSN: 0072-4106
    Language: German
    Pages: 25 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1951(1952) -
    Series Statement: Bis 1962: Der Aussenhandel der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    Series Statement: 1963 - 1989: Systematische Verzeichnisse / Statistisches Bundesamt
    Series Statement: 1990 - 1992[?]: Gütersystematik / Statistisches Bundesamt
    Series Statement: Teils: DeStatis
    Series Statement: wissen, nutzen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Warenverzeichnis für die Außenhandelsstatistik
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Warenverzeichnis für die Außenhandelsstatistik
    Former Title: Vorg. Statistisches Warenverzeichnis für den Außenhandel
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    PP 7131
    RVK:
    PP 8600
    RVK:
    RB 10738
    RVK:
    QM 200
    RVK:
    PN 762
    Keywords: Außenhandelsstatistik ; Produktklassifikation ; Deutschland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Warenverzeichnis für die Außenhandelsstatistik ; Außenhandel ; Warenverzeichnis ; Außenhandel ; Warenverzeichnis
    Note: 1951 ersch. als Losebl.-Ausg , Ungezählte Beil.: Erg.-Bd , Anfangs unregelmäßig, später jährl.
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    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Statistisches Jahrbuch Thüringen (from 1991-)
    Erfurt : TLS ; 1991; Ausg. 1.1993 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-0619
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1991; Ausg. 1.1993 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thüringen Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thüringen Statistisches Jahrbuch Thüringen
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch für Thüringen
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Statistik ; Thüringen ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Erwerbsbeteiligungsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Rechtspflegestatistik ; Wahlstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Deutschland ; Thüringen ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Thüringen ; Statistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. 1991: Statistisches Landesamt Thüringen i.G , Ersch. jährlich.
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    DNB
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  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Statistisches Jahrbuch / Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (from 1992-2020)
    Schwerin : Statistisches Amt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Schwerin : Statistisches Landesamt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; 1.1991(1992); [2.]1992(1993) - [4.]1994(1995); 5.1995 - 14.2004; 2005-2020
    Details
    ISSN: 0949-3379
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1991(1992); [2.]1992(1993) - [4.]1994(1995); 5.1995 - 14.2004; 2005-2020
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Vorg. u. CD-ROM-Ausg. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch ... für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Statistik ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Deutschland ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Statistik
    Note: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Hrsg. anfangs: Statistisches Landesamt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Ersch. jährl.
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  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Statistisches Jahrbuch / Brandenburg (from 1992-2020)
    Berlin : Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH | Potsdam : Landesbetrieb für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik | Potsdam : Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik | Berlin : Kulturbuch-Verl. | Potsdam : Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg | Berlin : edition q im be.bra verlag ; [1.]1991(1992) - 14.2004; [15.]2005; 16.2006 - 17.2007 ; 2008-2020
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 22 cm
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1991(1992) - 14.2004; [15.]2005; 16.2006 - 17.2007 ; 2008-2020
    Series Statement: Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Brandenburg Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Brandenburg Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Vorg. Demografisches Jahrbuch
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Statistik ; Brandenburg ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Erwerbsbeteiligungsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Rechtspflegestatistik ; Wahlstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Deutschland ; Brandenburg ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Brandenburg ; Statistik
    Note: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Beteil. Körp. bis 11.2001: Landesbetrieb für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik, Potsdam; 12.2002 - 16.2006: Land Brandenburg, Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik; Urh.-Bez. anfangs: Land Brandenburg , Ersch. jährl.
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  • 24
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Statistisches Jahrbuch / Berlin (from 1991-2020)
    Berlin : Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH | Berlin : Kulturbuch-Verl. | Berlin : Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg | Berlin : edition q im be.bra verlag GmbH ; 1991-2020
    Details
    ISSN: 2747-4585
    Language: German
    Pages: 22 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1991-2020
    Additional Information: Supplement Berlin. Statistisches Landesamt Veröffentlichungen des Statistischen Landesamtes Berlin
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Berlin Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Berlin Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Berlin Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Vereinigung von Berlin (West) Statistisches Jahrbuch
    Former Title: Vereinigung von Berlin (Ost) Statistisches Jahrbuch Berlin (Ost)
    DDC: 310
    RVK:
    QG 240
    RVK:
    QA 10000
    Keywords: Statistik ; Berlin ; Bevölkerungsstatistik ; Erwerbsbeteiligungsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Gesundheitsstatistik ; Rechtspflegestatistik ; Wahlstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; Berlin ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Berlin ; Berlin ; Geschichte 1990-
    Note: Beteil. Körp. bis 2006: Statistisches Landesamt Berlin
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  • 25
    Microfilm
    Microfilm
    Statistisches Jahrbuch Sachsen (1873-2019)
    Kamenz : Statist. Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen | Dresden : Heinrich ; [1.]1873 - [32.]1904(1903); 33.1905 - 51.1935/38(1939)[?]; 1990 - 1991; [N.F.] 1.1992-28. Jahrgang (2019) ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    In:  Kalender und statistisches Jahrbuch für das Königreich Sachsen nebst Marktverzeichnissen für Sachsen und die Nachbarstaaten
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-0900 , 2195-4127 , 2195-4127
    Language: German
    Edition: Dresden Sächs. Landesbibliothek - Staats- u. Universitätsbibliothek, Landesstelle für Bestandserhaltung 2000-2000 Mikrofilm-Ausg.: Dresden : Sächs. Landesbibliothek - Staats- u. Universitätsbibliothek, Landesstelle für Bestandserhaltung, 2000
    Dates of Publication: [1.]1873 - [32.]1904(1903); 33.1905 - 51.1935/38(1939)[?]; 1990 - 1991; [N.F.] 1.1992-28. Jahrgang (2019) ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sachsen Statistisches Jahrbuch Sachsen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sachsen Statistisches Jahrbuch Sachsen
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Sachsen Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Land Sachsen
    Former Title: Als Vorg. gilt Jahrbuch für Statistik und Staatswirthschaft des Königreichs Sachsen
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch und alphabetisches Ortsverzeichnis für das Königreich Sachsen
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Königreich Sachsen
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen
    Former Title: Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Land Sachsen
    Titel der Quelle: Kalender und statistisches Jahrbuch für das Königreich Sachsen nebst Marktverzeichnissen für Sachsen und die Nachbarstaaten
    Publ. der Quelle: Dresden : Heinrich, 1873
    DDC: 310
    RVK:
    NR 6390
    Keywords: Statistik ; Sachsen ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Sachsen ; Statistik ; Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen ; Statistik ; Sachsen ; Deutschland
    Note: Urh. anfangs: Statistisches Bureau des Königl. Sächs. Ministeriums des Innern , Ersch. jährl. , Mikrofilm-Ausg.: Dresden : Sächs. Landesbibliothek - Staats- u. Universitätsbibliothek, Landesstelle für Bestandserhaltung, 2000
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  • 26
    Online Resource
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    Collective bargaining through the magnifying glass : a comparison between The Netherlands and Portugal (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 199
    Keywords: Tarifverhandlungen ; Vergleich ; Portugal ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands ; Portugal ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/06b8e7dd-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 27
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    Which skills for the digital era? : returns to skills analysis (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 09
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Computerunterstützung ; Informationstechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Fachkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the extent to which different types of skills are rewarded as industries go digital. It relies on information from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills on labour market participation and workers’ skills for 31 countries as well as on a novel OECD index on the digital penetration of industries. It investigates how cognitive and non-cognitive skills are rewarded in digital vs. less digital intensive industries and assesses the extent to which skills bundles matter. The results indicate that digital intensive industries especially reward workers having relatively higher levels of self-organisation and advanced numeracy skills. Moreover, for workers in digital intensive industries, bundles of skills are particularly important: workers endowed with a high level of numeracy skills receive an additional wage premium, if they also show high levels of self-organisation or managing and communication skills.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a9479b5-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
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    France : improving the efficiency of the health-care system (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1455
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Gesundheit ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: France’s health-care system offers high-quality care. Average health outcomes are good, public satisfaction with the health-care system is high, and average household out-of-pocket expenditures are low. As in other OECD countries, technology is expanding possibilities for life extension and quality, and spending is rising steadily, while an ageing population requires substantially more and different services. The main challenges are to promote prevention and cost-efficient behaviour by care providers, tackle the high spending on pharmaceuticals, strengthen the role of health insurers as purchasing agents and secure cost containment. Good-quality information and appropriate financing schemes would ensure stronger efficiency incentives. Disparities of coverage across social groups and health services suggest paying greater attention to co-ordination between statutory and complementary insurance provision. Ongoing reforms to improve prevention and co-ordination among care providers are steps in the right direction. However, progress in the development of capitation-based payment schemes, which can reduce the incentives to increase the number of medical acts and encourage health professionals to spend more time with their patients, and performance-based payment schemes in primary care need to be stepped up to respond to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and curb supplier-induced demand and social disparities in access to care.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/09e92b30-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
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    How to improve Norway's transport-infrastructure investment (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1458
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Öffentliche Investition ; Projektmanagement ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Norwegen ; Economics ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway makes substantial public investment in transport and this has intensified in recent years. There is potentially large economic benefit from such investment, particularly as good transport infrastructure can help Norway’s transition away from oil-related activities. However, realising these gains requires sound processes for selecting and delivering projects. This paper assesses the investment process from initial proposals through evaluation, discussion, selection, approval, implementation, and ex post evaluation. It finds that, although the policy process at each stage is clear, and the planning framework has central oversight, final choices of project are often sub-optimal. The paper identifies a need for stronger top-down influence in the planning process and more influence of economic-efficiency considerations in project selection. It also calls for efforts to broaden ex post assessment of transport investment projects and reduction in project delays.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2a1aa042-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 30
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    Norway's economy : maintaining successful business sector in a changing world (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1459
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wettbewerb ; Dynamische Kompetenzen ; Innovation ; Arbeitsangebot ; Bildung ; Norwegen ; Economics ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway’s success in maintaining high living standards, low inequality and good progress in gender balance owes much to its business sector. High-productivity business-sector jobs support high wages and profits, providing capacity to fund comprehensive public services and inclusive employment practices. Ensuring that the business sector thrives as globalisation and technologies evolve further and as the oil and gas sector enters long-term decline requires maintaining business-friendly conditions. This paper examines framework conditions, notably competition legislation and policy affecting firm entry and exit (“firm dynamics”). It evaluates how best to encourage new business models, as well the growing issue of labour supply among older cohorts. Education policy’s role in providing skills conducive to good lifetime earnings is also discussed.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/ce338dc9-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 31
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    Public spending in education and student's performance in Colombia (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1460
    Keywords: Bildung ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Bildungsertrag ; Humankapital ; Bildungsfinanzierung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Economics ; Colombia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates if higher public spending in education and better teacher qualifications are related to student’s performance, using data from Saber 11, a national standardized test conducted by Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación. The estimation exploits differences in both policy variables across regions and employs interactions to study if more investment in public education and higher teacher qualifications can help increase average performance and reduce the impact that socioeconomic factors, such as family income, have on student performance. The analysis proposes a model where student performance in Mathematics and Language are dependent not only on the variables of interest of this paper, but also on economic, social and cultural status, sex and age of students, and school characteristics. The results show that students’ characteristics and their environment, school features and departmental differences in the policy variables explain roughly 20% of the variation in education performance in Colombia, a relatively high percentage when compared to those found by other studies focusing on OECD countries and based on PISA. After controlling for students’ and school characteristics, the results show that in Colombia, public spending per student and teacher qualifications are positively related to better learning outcomes. For the first one, the results suggest that if all regions reach the level of spending per student of Bogota – the region with the highest spending – average math scores can increase by 3.8 to 4.3 points (around 8%), depending on the regions, with the highest improvement for low income students.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/282d9700-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 32
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    A genie in a bottle? : globalisation, competition and inflation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1462
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Wettbewerb ; Inflation ; Marktmacht ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Declining inflation in many countries over the past few decades at the same time as rising global competition has led to a debate on the importance of globalisation for domestic inflation. This paper explores the implications of global value chain (GVC) integration and market contestability for inflation using a range of industry-level and micro-data sources. We provide evidence that rising participation in GVCs has placed downward pressure on producer price inflation, by increasing the ability of firms to substitute domestic inputs with cheaper foreign equivalents. We investigate the channels, which suggests that increased GVC participation contributed to lower inflation via downward pressures on unit labour costs – by raising productivity and reducing wages – in the importing country, especially when low-wage countries are integrated in supply chains. We then present industry-level evidence to support the conjecture that a higher level of GVC integration dampens producer price inflation by accentuating the impact of global economic slack on domestic inflation. However, we also find an increasing trend in mark-ups, suggestive of rising market power, particularly in services sectors. Thus, looking forward, there is a risk that stalling globalisation since the crisis, coupled with stronger aggregate demand and declining market contestability, could lead to inflationary pressures in the medium term, thereby letting the inflation genie out of the bottle.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/deda7e54-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 33
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    Basic income or a single tapering rule? : incentives, inclusiveness and affordability compared for the case of Finland (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1464
    Keywords: Sozialreform ; Grundeinkommen ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Finnland ; Economics ; Finland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The combination of different working-age benefits, childcare costs and income taxation creates complexity, reduces work incentives and holds back employment. This paper compares Finland’s benefit system with two benefit reform scenarios: a uniform benefit for all (“basic income”) and a universal tapering rule (“universal credit”). The scenarios are modelled in the OECD TaxBen model and the TUJA microsimulation model. We find that replacing current benefits with a basic income would improve incentives for many, but with a drastic redistribution of income and likely increasing poverty as a result. Merging working-age benefits with similar aims and coordinating their tapering against earnings would on the other hand consistently improve work incentives and transparency, while preserving or improving social protection.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d8c0fbc4-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 34
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    Financing water : investing in sustainable growth : policy perspectives (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 11 (March 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.11
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper sets out essential facts about the economic case for water-related investment and the financing gap. It charts a series of actions to better value water and ultimately facilitate investment at a scale commensurate with the commitments of the global community.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf67ec4e-en
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  • 35
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    The contribution of multinational enterprises to labor productivity : the case of Israel (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 11 (February 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: Multinational enterprises ; labor productivity ; human capital ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Israel ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We examine the impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on labor productivity in two ways: 1) creating high-paying jobs; and 2) improving employees’ human capital. Our analysis is based on a unique database that matches workers to companies, for the 450 largest companies in Israel, during the years 2005-2010. The main challenge in dentifying the impact of MNEs on labor productivity stems from their tendency to cherry-pick workers. This study offers an innovative solution to this selection bias by constructing a sample of employees who have all worked at MNEs at some point. We find that, on average, current employment at a MNE is associated with a wage premium of 8.3%. Moreover, past work experience at a MNE has a positive 1.6% impact on wages. Although economically significant, the results are relatively modest compared to those reported in the literature. In addition, we differentiate MNEs according to size and brand recognition, and find that the impact on wages is larger for leading MNEs. These results were found to be stable with respect to changes in the sample and in specifications.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/05410c09-en
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  • 36
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    Gender inequality in West African social institutions (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 13 (March 2018)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Discriminatory social institutions – formal and informal laws, social norms and practices – restrict women’s rights and empowerment opportunities across 17 West African countries. New laws and measures to protect and promote women’s economic, political and human rights have been accompanied by impressive reductions in gender gaps. However, discriminatory social institutions still constitute significant impediments to women’s access to land assets and restrict women’s physical integrity and decision-making power in both private and public spheres. This holds back women’s education and economic empowerment, thereby decreasing countries’ potential growth. The data and analysis based on the OECD Development Centre’s Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) aims to provide policy makers with the necessary tools and evidence to design more effective gender-responsive policies. Putting social institutions at the core of policy responses may open new and sustainable vistas to promote gender equality in national and regional development agendas.
    DOI: 10.1787/fe5ea0ca-en
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  • 37
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    Disentangling urban and rural food security in West Africa (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 15 (May 2018)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Strategies to fight hunger and early warning systems often focus on identifying food crises rather than longer-term trends, and concentrate on rural areas. Data on the food and nutrition security situation of West Africa’s growing urban population is scarce and fragmented. Using geo-referenced information available in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), this report estimates the total number and prevalence of under-nutrition and over-nutrition in West Africa for both urban and rural areas. The analysis reveals that almost 110 million people in West Africa are not receiving the correct nutrition for their needs. Over 58 million people in the region are underweight, 22 million of which live in cities. Another 52 million are either overweight or obese, the large majority of whom are adult urban dwellers. This situation reveals the severity of the “double burden” of under- and over-nutrition. It also calls for greater efforts to identify appropriate metrics to monitor food and nutrition security in urban areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/e0c75266-en
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  • 38
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    The long view : scenarios for the world economy to 2060 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper no. 22 (July 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.22
    Keywords: 2016 ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Szenariotechnik ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents long-run economic projections for 46 countries, extending the short-run projections of the Spring 2018 OECD Economic Outlook. It first sets out a baseline scenario under the assumption that countries do not carry out institutional and policy reforms. This scenario is then used as a reference point to illustrate the potential impact of structural reforms in alternative scenarios, including better governance and educational attainment in the large emerging-market economies and competition-friendly product market and labour market reforms in OECD economies. Flexibility-enhancing labour market reforms not only boost living standards but, by raising the employment rate, also help alleviate fiscal pressures associated with population ageing. Another scenario illustrates the potential positive impact of linking the pensionable age to life expectancy on the participation rate of older workers, and in particular that of women. Additional scenarios illustrate the potential economic gains from raising public investment and spending more on research and development. A final ‘negative’ scenario shows how slipping back on trade liberalisation – returning to 1990 average tariff rates – might depress standards of living everywhere.
    DOI: 10.1787/b4f4e03e-en
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  • 39
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    Market opening, growth and employment (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers no. 214
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Markteintritt ; Agrarsubvention ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Einkommensverteilung ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Handelsabkommen ; CGE-Modell ; Asien ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What can further market integration contribute to growth and employment? A series of hypothetical trade reform scenarios explores what countries at different levels of development can expect to gain from reforming tariffs, non-tariff barriers, trade facilitation and domestic support to agriculture. Simulations of multilateral and regional trade agreements with the OECD METRO model show that positive effects are higher when more countries participate in trade integration because it broadens market opportunities, widens the range of products at lower prices, and reduces trade diversion. Smaller economies especially benefit. Firms in these economies can better specialise in international production networks as they have access to larger and more differentiated markets and also benefit from enhanced market access on the products they already produce. While trade integration boosts demand and lifts wages and factor returns, the required production adjustments also leads to reallocation of workers between sectors. The analysis highlights some of the distributional implications and emphasises the need for labour force adjustment policies to accompany trade integration.
    DOI: 10.1787/8a34ce38-en
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  • 40
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    The SME ombudsman : international profile and a policy proposal for Mexico (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 88 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 5
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: SME ; ombudsman ; Mexico ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Ombudsmen in OECD countries have a tradition which dates back to the 1960s. However, the establishment of SME-dedicated ombudsmen is a more recent trend which has developed along three main models: redress model; clearing house model; and advocacy model. Countries interested in introducing an SME ombudsman are, therefore, faced with an important choice about which model is most relevant to them. For countries which already have in place an effective legal reparation system, a redress-type of SME ombudsman office may result in an institutional overlap with other government offices with similar responsibilities. The advocacy model and the clearing-house model are, on the other hand, particularly relevant to countries where SMEs have not been at the top of the policy agenda and, as a result, business regulations have not been particularly sensitive to the needs of SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/b07afd3d-en
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  • 41
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    The contribution of migration to the dynamics of the labour force in OECD countries : 2005-2015 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 203
    Keywords: 2005 - 2015 ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Arbeitskräftepotenzial ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the methodology as well as the results of the joint OECD-EC project Migration-Demography Database: A monitoring system of the demographic impact of migration and mobility. The objective of the project is to evaluate the contribution of migration to past and future labour market dynamics across OECD countries. After assessing the role of migration over the last five to 10 years in shaping the occupational and educational composition of the labour force, this project looks at the potential contribution of migration to the labour force in a range of alternative scenarios. This paper presents the results from the first part of the project: it focuses on the changes that have taken place in the last 10 years and studies how migration flows have contributed to the dynamics of the labour force, in particular in comparison to other labour market entries. It also analyses the contribution of migration in specific skills categories and in specific occupations.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a301bef8-en
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  • 42
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    Faces of joblessness in Estonia : a people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 206
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Estland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Estonia either did not work or only to a limited extent. By 2013, several years after the start of the labour-market recovery, 18% were still without employment during the entire year, and a further 13% had weak labour-market attachment, working only a fraction of the year, or on restricted working hours. This paper applies a novel method for measuring and visualising employment barriers of individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment, using household micro-data. It first develops indicators to quantify employment obstacles under three broad headings: (i) work-related capabilities, (ii) incentives, and (iii) employment opportunities. It then uses these indicators in conjunction with a statistical clustering approach to identify unobserved (“latent”) groups of individuals facing similar combinations of barriers. The resulting typology of labour-market difficulties provides insights on the most pressing policy priorities in supporting different groups into employment. A detailed policy discussion illustrates how the empirical results can inform people-centred assessments of existing labour-market integration measures and of key challenges across different policy areas and institutions. The most common employment obstacles in Estonia were low skill levels, health limitations and limited work experience. Financial disincentives, care responsibilities and scarce job opportunities were less widespread overall, although important barriers for some groups. A notable finding is that almost one third of jobless or low-intensity workers face three or more simultaneous barriers, highlighting the limits of narrow policy approaches that focus on subsets of these employment obstacles in isolation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6d9cd656-en
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  • 43
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    Faces of joblessness in Spain : a people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 207
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Spanien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Spain either did not work or only to a limited extent. As the employment rate bottomed out in 2013, 30% were without employment during the entire year, and a further 15% had weak labour-market attachment, working only a fraction of the year, or on restricted working hours. This paper applies a novel method for measuring and visualising employment barriers of individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment, using household micro-data. It first develops indicators to quantify employment obstacles under three broad headings: (i) work-related capabilities, (ii) incentives, and (iii) employment opportunities. It then uses these indicators in conjunction with a statistical clustering approach to identify unobserved (“latent”) groups of individuals facing similar combinations of barriers. The resulting typology of labour-market difficulties provides insights on the most pressing policy priorities in supporting different groups into employment. A detailed policy discussion illustrates how these empirical results can inform people-centred assessments of existing labour-market integration measures and of key challenges across different policy areas and institutions. The most common employment obstacles in Spain were a lack of work experience, low education and skill levels, and scarce job opportunities. Although financial disincentives, health limitations and care responsibilities were less widespread overall, they remained important barriers for some groups. A striking finding is that 45% of jobless or low-intensity workers face three or more simultaneous barriers, highlighting the limits of narrow policy approaches that focus on subsets of these employment obstacles in isolation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6149118d-en
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  • 44
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    The integration of migrants in OECD regions : a first assessment (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2018, 01
    Keywords: Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of the presence of migrants, their characteristics and integration outcomes across OECD regions, based on a new OECD database on immigrant integration at the regional level. It reveals the wide diversity of the presence of migrants within countries, as well as the specific patterns observed in the way migrants locate and integrate in society across regions. For example, migrants tend to be more spatially concentrated in capital-city and metropolitan regions than the native-born population. What is more, highly-educated migrants are more likely to locate in the same regions where the highly-educated natives concentrate, a trend that is not observed for the low-educated foreign-born. Integration outcomes of migrants, relative to the native-born, are measured through a variety of labour market and housing indicators. The paper also provides preliminary findings on public attitudes towards migrants across regions, which suggest that attitudes tend to be more positive in regions with larger shares of foreign-born population.
    DOI: 10.1787/fb089d9a-en
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  • 45
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    Reforming water policies in agriculture : lessons from past reforms (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 113
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Wasserpolitik ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Politische Reform ; Wasserpreis ; Wassermarkt ; Bewässerung ; Umweltbelastung ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Agriculture’s water quality and quantity challenges continue to grow in many regions of the world. Policy solutions have been identified, but not always applied where needed nor implemented effectively. This report analyses eight past water and agriculture policy changes in OECD countries with the aim to identify steps towards adopting and implementing such solutions effectively. Selected reforms are assessed systematically via an institutional change analysis and a cross-cutting comparison of political economy factors. A characterisation of reforms is proposed according to the scope of the reform process, the scope of the reform’s action, and the involvement of governments in the design of reforms and their implementation. The comparison of agriculture and water policy changes shows that introducing reforms can be facilitated by exogenous factors, including droughts and floods, and reform design features. Meanwhile, the outcome of reforms can be affected by their geographical scale and scope, the dynamic pattern of reform pathways, and compensation for farmers. There are, however, trade-offs between the effects of these factors on the reform’s ambition, effectiveness, efficiency, and flexibility.
    DOI: 10.1787/1826beee-en
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  • 46
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    Issues in neurotechnology governance (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 11
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Neurowissenschaften ; Gesundheitspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Addressing the effects of population ageing, including the increase in mental illnesses and neurological disorders, remains a top priority for many countries and is reflected at the highest levels of international dialogue. Governments, funders, and companies around the world are making unprecedented investments in brain research and the development of neurotechnologies. Advances in brain science and neurotechnology present major opportunities for health innovation and societal benefits, but also raise difficult questions at the intersection of science, society and economy. This report provides a summary of the main discussion points emerging from the Expert Consultation on “Neurotechnology and Society”, held on 14-15 September 2017, in Washington D.C., United States. Meeting participants acknowledged the increasingly international enterprise of neurotechnological innovation. Recommendations for addressing pressing ethical, legal, social, economic and cultural challenges may be beneficial to ensure responsible advancement of emerging neurotechnologies. Consideration of these issues should span laboratory, clinical, and industry settings.
    DOI: 10.1787/c3256cc6-en
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  • 47
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    Gene editing for advanced therapies : governance, policy and society (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 12
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Gentechnik ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Gene editing aims to modify the genetic sequence at a precise genomic location. Recent breakthroughs in gene editing techniques such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system have ushered in a new era for gene editing and health innovation. The purpose of the Expert Meeting (6-7 July 2017, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Berlin, Germany) was to explore the core scientific, legal, regulatory and societal challenges facing the responsible development and use of gene editing in somatic cells for advanced therapies. Experts noted that the trajectory of gene editing in research and development and the uptake of future therapies in the clinical setting remain unclear due to uncertainties in the scientific, regulatory, and economic landscapes. Many policy issues are also raised in the context of other emerging technologies. Governance must cope with a moving technical frontier and some level of uncertainty around risks and benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/8d39d84e-en
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  • 48
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    Economic valuation in formaldehyde regulation (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 134
    Keywords: Chemikalienrecht ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Gesundheit ; Nicht-marktliche Bewertung ; OECD-Staaten ; Formaldehyde ; Formaldehyd ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper gives an overview of economic assessments of the benefits of the control of formaldehyde and reflects on developments in its risk management and regulation. Formaldehyde is used in the manufacture of resins, as a disinfectant and fixative and as a preservative in consumer products. Formaldehyde exposure can be harmful to human health.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/c0f8b8e5-en
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  • 49
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    What matters the most to people? : evidence from the OECD Better Life Index users' responses (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 3
    Keywords: 2011 - 2018 ; Lebensqualität ; Sozialer Indikator ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The OECD Better Life Index is an interactive composite index that aggregates average measures of country’s well-being outcomes through weights defined by users. This paper studies these weights by analysing the responses given by close to 130 000 users since 2011 to date. The paper has three goals. First, to investigate the factors shaping users’ preferences over a set of 11 well-being dimensions. Second, to provide insights into users’ preferences for a large group of countries which differ in terms of culture and living conditions. Third, to test for the effects of users’ satisfaction with respect to a given well-being dimension on the weight they attach to it, across different population groups. Various empirical models are used to identify responses’ patterns and see whether they can be accounted for by respondents’ characteristics and their perceived well-being. The paper finds that health status, education and life satisfaction are the aspects that matter the most for BLI users in OECD countries. Men assign more importance to income than women, while women value community and work-life balance more than men. Health, safety, housing and civic engagement become more important with age, while life satisfaction, work-life balance, jobs, income and community are particularly important for youth. There are also clear regional patterns in the choices by BLI users; for instance education, jobs and civic engagement are particularly important in South America while personal safety and work-life balance matter a lot in Asia-Pacific. Analysis carried out on a subset of observations (i.e. BLI-users who completed an extended questionnaire) finds that, for several well-being dimensions (i.e. jobs, housing, community, health, education, civic engagement, personal safety, life satisfaction and work-life balance), there is a positive and linear relationship between individual preferences and self-reported satisfaction in the same dimension, with evidence of distinctly different patterns of association within the population in the case of income and education.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/edf9a89a-en
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  • 50
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    Child well-being and the Sustainable Development Goals : how far are OECD countries from reaching the targets for children and young people? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 5
    Keywords: Kinder ; Lebensqualität ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper summarises available evidence on the distance that OECD countries need to travel in order to reach the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for children and young people. More than 50 indicators are included in this analysis, covering 43 of the 169 targets, and 11 of the 17 Goals. The analysis finds that, on average, OECD countries are still far from reaching the targets pertaining to Goals 4 “Quality education”, and 8 “Decent work and economic growth”. Goals 1 “No poverty”, 2 “Zero hunger” and 16 “Peace, justice and strong institutions” are also highlighted as priority areas. However, the results vary widely across OECD countries, and among specific targets within each of the goals. Yet, all of these findings need to be considered in light of what it is not currently possible to measure. In particular, there are large data gaps for Goals 1 (“No poverty”), 5 (“Gender equality”), 11 (“Sustainable cities and communities”), and 16 (“Peace, justice and strong institutions”).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5e53b12f-en
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  • 51
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    Tax reform to support growth and employment in Finland (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1468
    Keywords: Steuerreform ; Steuermoral ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Finnland ; Economics ; Finland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Finland raises a large amount of taxes to finance high-quality public services and redistribute income. Public finances are currently relatively solid and taxes and transfers reduce income inequality significantly. However, a rapidly ageing population pushes up public spending, while globalisation creates challenges in raising revenue. Hence, ensuring long-term fiscal sustainability requires both containing spending through efficiency gains in the provision of public services and raising revenue in a way that minimises deadweight costs and distortions weighing on growth and employment. Reducing further the tax wedge on labour income would lift employment. More revenue could be raised through a reduction in the range of goods and services subject to reduced VAT rates, higher taxes on consumption that is harmful to the environment or health and higher property taxes. A competitive corporate taxation, combined with international cooperation to avoid base erosion and profit shifting, is needed to foster local production.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/412834d3-en
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  • 52
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    Making growth more inclusive in Thailand (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1469
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The People pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development focuses on quality of life in all its dimensions, and emphasises the international community’s commitment to ensuring all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity, equality and good health. Thailand’s path from a low-income to an upper-middle-income country over recent decades is widely hailed as a development success story. Poverty has fallen impressively and inequality is on a downwards trend, but more efforts are needed to reduce still widespread informality and persistent, substantial regional inequalities, and to further improve living standards, especially for those who currently work informally. To achieve these objectives, the government needs to: (i) consider tax and regulatory measures to encourage formalisation; (ii) boost the participation rates of informal workers in social protection schemes; (iii) expand adequate social safety nets for poor households and the elderly; (iv) prepare the healthcare system for an ageing and modernising society; and (v) improve the education system, particularly in rural areas. Gaps also remain in ensuring women’s political participation and reducing gender-based violence. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/263a78df-en
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  • 53
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    Boosting productivity and living standards in Thailand (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1470
    Keywords: KMU ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regionales Cluster ; Branchenentwicklung ; Digitalisierung ; Bildung ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Innovation ; Geldpolitik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Industrie 4.0 ; Qualifikation ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Prosperity pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for an integrated approach based on boosting productivity through diversification, upgrading technology and innovation, and increasing employment and entrepreneurship. Thailand needs to address all these challenges to achieve high-income country status by 2036. Over the past decade, limited structural reform and capital investment have held back productivity growth and improvements in well-being, and Thailand has lost ground vis-à-vis regional comparators. More recently, however, economic growth has started to regain momentum helped by a pick-up in global trade, which has supported exports, and by a substantial public infrastructure investment programme. Moving forward, Thailand will need to boost productive capacity in the face of intensified competition with regional peers and rapid demographic ageing. In addition, productivity gains will be increasingly necessary to drive growth. Key areas of focus include improving human resource development, encouraging technology diffusion via cluster development, promoting innovation and digitalisation, improving the SME policy framework and expanding regional integration, as emphasised in the government’s 12th Plan and Thailand 4.0. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e525c875-en
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  • 54
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    Network service deregulation and manufacturing exports in Greece (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1474
    Keywords: 1997 - 2013 ; Netzinfrastruktur ; Deregulierung ; Exportwirtschaft ; Branchenentwicklung ; Wirtschaftsdaten ; Griechenland ; Economics ; Greece ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally. However, the ultimate causes of these imbalances are not fully clear. Current account positions reflect the gap between national saving and investment, which are in turn affected by policy distortions, including in trade policy. Simulations of the OECD’s METRO model show liberalisation of existing trade distortions would modestly narrow aggregate trade imbalances in the medium term for some countries. Reducing tariffs, non-tariff measures and the combined market access and productivity-enhancing effects of pro-competitive measures in services all have some rebalancing potential. Liberalisation would also offer economically significant income gains for all countries. By contrast, narrowing trade imbalances using trade restrictions would come at disproportionately high economic costs for all countries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d35026d6-en
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  • 55
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    Sustainable finance for inclusive growth in Thailand (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1471
    Keywords: Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Soziale Integration ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Rentenpolitik ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Thailand ; Economics ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Partnerships pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development cuts across all the goals focusing on the mobilisation of resources needed to implement the agenda. Thailand’s “sufficiency economy philosophy” encourages the prioritisation of long-term sustainability over short-term benefits. As such, Thailand has a long history of fiscal prudence that has served the country well in times of economic and political instability. However, relying on current fiscal buffers to finance foreseeable expenditure pressures is not sufficient or sustainable. A rapidly ageing population and shrinking workforce will weigh on future public finances and on the ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. To ensure that Thailand is well placed over the medium term to meet growing social, environmental and infrastructure requirements, the government should: (i) increase tax revenues by broadening the tax base and enhancing collection efficiency; (ii) facilitate greater private sector investment in productive infrastructure; and (iii) reform the healthcare and pension systems to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. This Working Paper relates to the Initial Assessment report of the Multi-dimensional Country Review of Thailand. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/multi-dimensional-review-thailand.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/7ad06329-en
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  • 56
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    Relancer l'investissement en Tunisie (2018)
    Paris : Éditions OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Documents de travail du Département des Affaires économiques de l'OCDE no. 1477
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1477
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Tunesien ; Economics ; Tunisia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Depuis le début des années 2000, le taux d'investissement a fléchi, tiré par la baisse de l'investissement des entreprises. Son niveau est faible par rapport à celui d'autres pays émergents. Les principales causes sont : des réglementations excessives sur le marché des produits, associées à des procédures administratives complexes, une fiscalité peu prévisible, des difficultés croissantes pour le passage des biens en douane et le transport maritime des marchandises ainsi qu’un système financier peu favorable aux jeunes entreprises et à celles en forte croissance. La levée de ces contraintes est essentielle pour relancer l'investissement des entreprises et, avec lui, la productivité, la création d'emplois, la compétitivité et le pouvoir d'achat de tous les tunisiens. La nouvelle loi sur l'investissement, en simplifiant le régime des autorisations, est un pas dans la bonne direction mais devra être pleinement mise en oeuvre et accompagnée par d'autres réformes. Il serait aussi souhaitable de mieux cibler les actions de l'État pour soutenir l'investissement, et notamment d'évaluer systématiquement l'impact et les bénéficiaires des incitations fiscales, y compris celles en faveur du logement. Parallèlement, il faut mieux gérer les infrastructures existantes et prioriser les projets d'infrastructure.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/55b4653d-fr
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  • 57
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    The "family 500+" child allowance and female labour supply in Poland (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1481
    Keywords: Familienleistungsausgleich ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Familienpolitik ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Kinderarmut ; Polen ; Economics ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In 2016 the Polish government introduced a large new child benefit, called “Family 500+”, with the aim to increase fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means-tested for the first child. Increasing out-of-work income significantly, the transfer can reduce incentives to participate in the labour market. We study the impact of the new benefit on female labour supply, using Polish Labour Force Survey data. Based on a difference-in-differences methodology we find that the labour market participation rates of women with children decreased after the introduction of the benefit compared to childless women. The estimates suggest that by mid-2017 the labour force participation rate of mothers dropped by 2- 3 percentage points, depending on the estimation specification, as a result of the “Family 500+” benefit. The effect was higher among women with lower levels of education and living in small towns.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/1a30745e-en
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  • 58
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    The quantification of structural reforms (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1482
    Keywords: Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regulierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes. It overviews: i.) insights obtained for the linear relationships linking policies and economic outcomes (including multi-factor productivity, capital deepening and employment) for an almost complete set of OECD countries, ii.) non-linear results on how policies interact with each other in OECD countries, and iii.) results extended for emerging-market economies looking at whether policy effects vary across countries depending on the level of economic development and whether institutions have an influence on economic outcomes. The paper lists of policies and institutions that could be used to quantify the effect of reforms. It also gives some guidance on how to quantify reforms in OECD and non-OECD countries. It provides mid-point estimates of the long-run effects on per capita income levels through the three supply-side channels. Finally, it raises the issue of estimation and model uncertainty.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6d883be1-en
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  • 59
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    Structural policies to boost productivity and inclusion in Costa Rica (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1485
    Keywords: Strukturpolitik ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Costa Rica ; Economics ; Costa Rica ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Owing to past structural reforms, Costa Rica has enjoyed robust GDP growth and productivity levels are gradually converging towards the OECD average. However, large GDP per capita and productivity gaps persist. In addition, not everyone has benefited from this growth. Inequality has increased and labour market conditions are a concern. Costa Rica has a lower share of employed workers in the population than almost all OECD countries, unemployment remains well above its pre-global-financial-crisis level, labour market participation has decreased and the share of informal jobs is high. Recognising these challenges, Costa Rica has accelerated its structural reform momentum recently, with policy reforms underway or planned in several areas that present win-win opportunities to boost both productivity and inclusion. These include efforts to tackle labour market informality, simplify the minimum wage structure, increase competition and reduce regulatory burdens. In addition to further reforms in these priority areas, structural policy improvements are also needed to increase outcomes and reduce inequalities in education and address significant transport infrastructure gaps.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/715509d0-en
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  • 60
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    The quantification of structural reforms : introducing country-specific policy effects (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1487
    Keywords: Strukturwandel ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Regulierung ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Investition ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents country-specific effects of structural reforms. It discusses how sizeable and interesting country-specific effects can be identified in a panel setting by conditioning the impact of individual policies on their own level or on the stance of other policies and institutions. This approach allows for the incorporation of a potentially large set of additional policy areas including institutions and policy areas with limited time-series availability (e.g. sub-components of the Product Market Regulation indicator, housing market regulations and policies, Doing Business indicators and the quality of institutions such as the rule of law indicator or the efficiency of the legal system). Results suggest that for instance, when more stringent product market regulation hurts more in more open economies. Better institutions amplify the positive effect of R&D spending. Tax wedge reduction leads to less employment gains when EPL is not very stringent.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/885727c3-en
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  • 61
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    Reforms for sustainable productivity growth in Ireland (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1489
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Politische Reform ; Irland ; Economics ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Irish economy has experienced a decline in productivity growth over the past decade. This has mostly reflected the poor performance of local firms, with the large productivity gap between foreign-owned and local enterprises having widened. Given the mobility of foreign-owned firms, achieving sustainable productivity growth requires addressing productivity stagnation in the local business sector. Government policy should ensure high-potential businesses can enter markets and expand unimpeded, and that the most productive firms thrive in the market. To achieve this, some aspects of the regulatory environment for businesses need to be reformed and the quality of Irish infrastructure improved. Access to finance for high-performing firms must be broadened as well, through restoring credit supply in the banking sector, developing equity finance and improving public financial support. It needs to be assured that government policy is also calibrated to encourage productivity-enhancing knowledge spillovers from frontier firms. Trade linkages and research collaboration between foreign-owned and local firms can be better promoted. However, the ability for local firms to absorb new knowledge relies on their investment in knowledge based capital and managerial skills. These can be promoted by greater direct government funding of business R&D, supporting labour mobility across firms, and worker participation in lifelong learning activities.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2fd5fd8a-en
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  • 62
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    Costa Rica : restoring fiscal sustainability and setting the basis for a more growthfriendly and inclusive fiscal policy (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1484
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Costa Rica ; Economics ; Costa Rica ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Consecutive years of primary deficits have led to mounting public debt of almost 50% of GDP, one of the fastest increases in Latin America over the last decade. Government attempts to restore fiscal health have been undermined by a gridlocked Congress. While only minor reforms have been enacted to contain spending, efforts to curb tax evasion and increase the efficiency of the tax administration are commendable. However, increases in tax revenue have been unable to match mandated increases in spending. As a consequence, sovereign debt ratings have declined to below investment level, and the negative outlook on Costa Rica’s debt signals increasing financing costs. Against this backdrop, the risk of a fiscal crisis is increasing, particularly as global financial conditions become less favourable and debt structure has shifted towards increased reliance on floating rates and dollar-denominated bonds. Enacting a three year fiscal consolidation programme of one percentage point of GDP each year, will enable debt to stabilise at current levels by 2032. The current draft bill to strengthen public finances – Ley de Fortalecimiento de las Finanzas Públicas – proposes a comprehensive fiscal reform package, with measures on both the revenue and the spending side, as well as a fiscal rule. It needs to be complemented with additional measures to contain revenue earmarking. In addition, reducing excessive fragmentation of the public sector would allow the Ministry of Finance to regain control of the budget. There is also room to reduce expenditure on remuneration of public sector workers, one of the fastest growing expenditure items and a source of income inequality. The proposed fiscal rule should be strengthened, including introducing a multi-year expenditure framework and a fiscal council. Debt management should be modernised by stepping up communication with markets and reducing the number of benchmark securities. Over time, improving social spending efficiency and quality as well as modifying the tax structure away from social security contributions and enlarging the tax base would allow for a much stronger contribution of fiscal policy to growth and equity.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a0669dc0-en
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  • 63
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    Limits to government debt sustainability in middleincome countries (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1493
    Keywords: Governance-Ansatz ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Staatsbankrott ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of structural characteristics on debt limits of middle income countries. Two equations relate the probability of default to the interest rate. First, the probability of default is estimated with a logit model. Second, the assumption of non-arbitrage opportunity on the sovereign bond market relates the interest rate, the probability of default and the recovery rate. This model leads to three situations: a single and stable solution at low debt, multiple equilibria with stable and unstable solutions at intermediate debt, and a single solution with dissuasively high risk-premium beyond a debt threshold: this defines the debt limit. It reflects the empirical evidence on default determinants: it increases with perceived government effectiveness, the export to GDP ratio and the expected recovery rate and decreases with the commodity export to GDP ratio, the size of growth shocks, the share of defaults in neighbouring countries, the risk-free rate and investors’ risk aversion. Debt limits are highly sensitive to the expected recovery rate, reflecting the importance of credibility. The multiple equilibria case illustrates the risk of self-fulfilling crises: interest rate shocks can trigger the default below the debt limit.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/deed4df6-en
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  • 64
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    Euro area unemployment insurance at the time of zero nominal interest rates (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1498
    Keywords: Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Niedrigzinspolitik ; Finanzverfassung ; DSGE-Modell ; Eurozone ; Economics ; Euro Area ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The discussion about a fiscal stabilisation capacity as a way of providing more fiscal integration in the euro area has strengthened in the aftermath of the European sovereign debt crisis. Among the instruments that can be used for temporary macroeconomic stabilisation in the presence of both asymmetric and area-wide shocks, a euro area unemployment insurance scheme has attracted increased attention. We build a two-region DSGE model with supply, demand and labour market frictions and introduce in it an area-wide unemployment insurance scheme that is entitled to borrow in financial markets. The model is calibrated to the euro area core and periphery data. For a country-specific negative demand shock hitting the periphery, we find the scheme to reduce the drop in Periphery output by about one fifth and the drop in union output by about a third. The scheme is effective when some households are cut from financial markets, and even more so when the national government also loses market access.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/99b92f5b-en
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  • 65
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    Issuing GDP-linked bonds : supply and demand can match (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1500
    Keywords: Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Anleihe ; Öffentliche Schulden ; Eurozone ; CAPM ; Education ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper compares supply and demand to assess to what extent there can be a market for GDP-linked bonds (GLBs). For the government side, simulations illustrate the debt-stabilisation property of GLBs. These simulations consider shock persistence with a VAR structure and large events with shocks drawn from the residuals. Countries where shock persistence and the standard deviation of the interest rate – growth rate differential scaled with the debt level are higher reap more benefits from GLBs and hence can accept a larger risk premium on GLBs. For the investors’ side, risk premia compensating for GDP volatility are calculated with a CAPM, considering not only the size of growth shocks and their correlation with market prices, but also their persistence. Calculations are made with simplifying assumptions going against the case of GLBs: in particular, the possible reduction in the default risk premium is ignored. Even so, both high-risk and low-risk countries can benefit from GLBs: the ones that have to pay a larger risk premium are those that need this insurance against debt crises the most.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/1da2253f-en
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  • 66
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    Sectoral and regional distribution of export shocks : what do two hundred thousand UK firm oservations say? (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1501
    Keywords: Export ; Schock ; Wirtschaftsstruktur ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Lohn ; Großbritannien ; EU-Staaten ; Education ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study explores the impact of export shocks on firms and re-aggregates results to derive distributional effects on sectors and regions. In a first step, firm level data are used to assess the empirical relationship between exports and three outcome variables – labour productivity, employment and wages. In a second step, an illustrative set of changes in trading relationships generate sectoral export shocks, which are simulated with the OECD METRO model of trade and subsequently fed into micro-level estimates. The method developed in this study can be applied to other countries, conditional on the availability of data. As an initial case study, the analysis is for the United Kingdom which has weak regional productivity outside London, partly related to sectoral and trade specialisation. In particular, the most productive regions are specialised in knowledge-intensive services and are more intensive in tradable services. The results suggest limited impacts of export shocks on sectoral employment, except for car and truck manufacturing, consistent with a high integration of the sector with European value chains. Labour productivity and wages are negatively affected across most sectors, but the effects are smaller on the services sector relative to the goods sector. Given that services activities are concentrated in more productive regions, these regions are more resilient to shocks. The United Kingdom has a strong comparative advantage in services sectors and promoting the opening of global services markets would be an important way to offset potential negative impacts of export shocks on the other sectors of the economy.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e5f21088-en
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  • 67
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    Generating employment, raising incomes and addressing poverty in Greece (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1505
    Keywords: Kinderbetreuung ; Privater Konsum ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Bildung ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Öffentliche Sozialausgaben ; Armut ; Modellierung ; Simulation ; Griechenland ; Economics ; Greece ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Employment is pivotal to strengthening Greece’s economic recovery, increasing social welfare and redressing poverty. Jobs are returning, making inroads into high unemployment, but their wages and skill levels are lower than many that were lost during the crisis. Greece’s hiring is benefiting from more flexible arrangements. Legislative amendments can maintain this flexibility, ensure wages align with productivity and better protect individuals from labour market risks. Ensuring that workers possess skills that match employers’ needs will sustain employment and productivity growth. Improving the education system is a long-term mission and involves raising its pedagogical strength and orientation towards professional needs. A social welfare system dominated by pensions has not been able to prevent a steep hike in poverty among children and the young, risking long-term harm to well-being. Pursuing recent steps towards a better targeted social protection, accompanied by support programmes for jobseekers, will provide a reliable safety net and reduce poverty. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of Greece. (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-greece.htm).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/8eec4ced-en
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  • 68
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    The potential macroeconomic and sectoral consequences of Brexit on Ireland (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1508
    Keywords: Außenhandel ; Branchenentwicklung ; Brexit ; EU-Mitgliedschaft ; EU-Staaten ; CGE-Modell ; Irland ; Economics ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the potential effects on exports, imports, production, factor demand and GDP in Ireland of an exit of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), focusing on trade and FDI channels. Owing to the high uncertainty regarding the final trade agreement between the negotiating parties, the choice has been made to assume a worst-case outcome where trade relations between the United Kingdom and EU are governed by World Trade Organization (WTO) most favoured nation (MFN) rules. In doing so, it provides something close to an upper bound estimate of the negative economic impact taking into account the potential for some firms to relocate to Ireland. Any final trade agreement that would result in closer relationships between the United Kingdom and the EU could reduce this negative impact. The simulations use two large-scale models: a global macroeconomic model (NiGEM) and a general equilibrium trade model (METRO). These models are used to quantify, both at the macroeconomic and the sectoral level, two key channels through which Ireland would be affected: trade and foreign direct investment. The simulation results highlight that the negative effect on trade could result in Ireland's GDP falling by 1½ per cent in the medium-term and around 2½ per cent in the long-term. The impacts are highly heterogeneous across sectors. Agriculture, food, and some smaller manufacturing sectors experience the largest declines in total gross exports at over 15%. By contrast, financial services exports increase slightly. The modelling suggests that any positive offsetting impact to the trade shock from increased inward FDI to Ireland is likely to be modest.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e930967b-en
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  • 69
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    Reforming the large business groups to promote productivity and inclusion in Korea (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1509
    Keywords: Konglomerat ; Großunternehmen ; Corporate Governance ; Eigentümerstruktur ; Südkorea ; Economics ; Korea, Republic of ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Large business groups, which played a key role in Korea's economic development, are still dominant today, especially in exporting. The concentration of economic power creates a number of problems and risks. Ensuring a level-playing field between the business groups, also called chaebols, and SMEs and start-ups is essential to promote innovation and inclusive growth. While the business groups have long been subject to a number of special regulations, a comprehensive strategy is needed. The top priority is to improve corporate governance by strengthening the role of outside directors and protecting minority shareholders. A greater say for institutional investors and more active use of private remedies, such as class action suits, would also be beneficial. In addition, strengthening competition by reducing barriers to trade and FDI and activating a market for corporate control would lead to better performance by the groups. The ownership structure of the groups needs to be improved, notably by phasing out circular shareholding among their affiliates. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of Korea (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-korea.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/9e9052b5-en
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  • 70
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    The role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in fostering inclusive growth at the local level in Southeast Asia (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (Leed) working papers 2018, 01
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2018/01
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Qualifikation ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Südostasien ; Employment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) for fostering inclusive growth at the local level in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN ) region. The first section provides a brief overview of the main developmental challenges in the ASEAN region that have resulted in growing inequalities in wealth distribution. The second and third sections review evidence from developed as well as developing countries regarding TVET’s impact on employment and wages (Section 2), as well as on poverty, inequality and social exclusion (Section 3). Section 4 summarises the key findings and highlights lessons learned for the ASEAN region. Good practice examples from the region are presented to illustrate how countries have used TVET to improve economic and social outcomes at the local level.
    DOI: 10.1787/5afe6416-en
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  • 71
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    Agro-food trade, GVCs and agricultural development in ASEAN (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 116
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Agraraußenhandel ; Landhandel ; Agrarpolitik ; Wertschöpfung ; Marktintegration ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The countries that compromise the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have expanded their involvement in global agro-food trade through strong regional production growth and increasing consumer demands from population growth and higher incomes. Regional and international agro-food markets have thus become an important source of income and food for the regions producers and consumers. However, growth in trade has lessened in recent years with projections suggesting a further slowing over the medium term. This study explores the role that agro-food trade and participation in agro-food global value chains (GVC) has had on regional agro-food sectors and current barriers that are holding the region back from unlocking the full benefits of further integration into regional and global agro-food markets. It finds that although GVC engagement has increased regional agro-food growth between 2004 and 2014, gaps remain in the level of regional integration. Results from the analysis suggest that reducing the remaining tariff and non tariff barriers, and creating an enabling environment to allow agricultural producers to better access service inputs, will help spur sector growth and agricultural incomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/89d40ebb-en
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  • 72
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    Organised decentralisation of collective bargaining : case studies of Germany, Netherlands, and Denmark (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 217
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Tarifverhandlungen ; Deutschland ; Niederlande ; Dänemark ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark ; Germany ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Fallstudie
    Abstract: This paper investigates different varieties of so called organised decentralisation of collective bargaining in Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. Organised decentralisation occurs within the framework of sector agreements, which explicitly allow determination of terms and conditions at company level, and often set certain (minimum) level standards as well as procedure that have to be respected. German decentralisation is based on its dual-channel system and extensive use of opening clauses, which make workplace derogation from sector-level agreements possible. Dutch decentralisation is based on the dual-channel system and on framework agreements that allow company level bargaining as long as minimum stipulations are observed. Finally, Denmark combines a single-channel system with framework agreements setting minimum levels. Germany stands out as the least organised of the three. Opening and derogation clauses mean that terms and conditions in multi-employer agreements can be undercut. Vertical control over these derogations has suffered from the dual-channel representation in which works councils have a new role. The Netherlands exhibit some, very limited, elements of disorganisation and stable bargaining coverage. Decentralisation has mainly happened through framework agreements setting minimum levels or through the organised transfer of competencies to works councils. The Danish system leaves a lot of scope for local bargaining, the minimum levels are generally observed and bargaining coverage has not suffered. Based on these findings, we draw the conclusion that organised decentralisation requires articulation that preserves a regulatory function of multi-employer agreements. Preservation of multi-employer agreements in turn requires high bargaining coverage.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/f0394ef5-en
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  • 73
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    Job quality, health and productivity : an evidence-based framework for analysis (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 221
    Keywords: Arbeitsbedingungen ; Gesundheit ; Produktivität ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The nature, content and milieu of work – i.e. the quality of the working environment – matter in many ways for people, firms and society as a whole. There is a great deal of evidence to show clear associations between job quality and the health of workers, their ability to successfully combine work and life while fully mobilising their skills and abilities to build a career, and their productivity. Investments in quality working environments can be welfare enhancing and economically efficient. Policies and practices reflect these findings insufficiently, an apparent paradox that finds its roots in various market failures. There is scope for public intervention to raise awareness, to ensure better coordination of key stakeholders (employers, workers’ representatives and various public entities) and to put in place the right financial incentives for firms to invest in better working conditions. Action in this field is also important in view of ongoing considerable changes in the labour market. The future of work is very uncertain at this stage; the digitalisation and uberisation of work have the potential for improvements in working conditions but also bear the risk of de-skilling, lower pay, lower job security and poor working conditions for parts of the labour force.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a8c84d91-en
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  • 74
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    State enterprises in the steel sector (2018)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 53 (September 2018)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report assesses the extent and implications of the presence of state enterprises in the steel industry. There are concerns about the potential lack of transparency and accountability as well as competitive advantages that state enterprises may have over competitors. In 2016, 22 of the world’s 100 largest steelmaking companies were state enterprises, representing at least 32% of global crude steel output in 2016. Firm-level data suggest that state enterprises in the steel sector are likely to be associated with weaker economic performance and higher levels of indebtedness, compared to private enterprises. The analysis in this paper shows that this is particularly relevant for state enterprises located in non-OECD economies. Data on steelmaking capacity investments show that state enterprises have contributed significantly to the increase in global steelmaking capacity, although financial data show that state enterprises obtain lower profits for each unit of fixed costs than comparable private counterparts.
    DOI: 10.1787/2a8ad9cd-en
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  • 75
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    Measuring and maximising the impact of product recalls globally : OECD workshop report (2018)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 56 (October 2018)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides a summary of discussions at the OECD Workshop on Measuring and Maximising the Impact of Product Recalls Globally organised by the OECD Working Party on Consumer Product Safety on 16 April 2018, as part of its 16th meeting. The report points to the initiatives implemented by government, businesses, and civil society to measure and enhance product recall effectiveness. It also explores ways to increase consumer reactions to recall notices, based on insights from behavioural economics.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab757416-en
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  • 76
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    Effective operation of competitive research funding systems (2018)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 57 (October 2018)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report analyses existing competitive research funding mechanisms and their effectiveness, taking into account a variety of contextual factors. It focuses on the efficiency of funding allocation mechanisms relative to their objectives. The main elements of this project have been an extensive survey of individual funding schemes in different countries, complemented with targeted interviews. Findings from the survey and interviews, completed with contextual data on national research funding trends, were analysed to identify major challenges for competitive funding processes and to propose options to overcome them. This report is aimed both at the research funding community and policy-makers wishing to adapt competitive research funding strategies to different objectives. It includes a number of policy recommendations, which engage different actors and are derived from the analysis including identification of gaps in the available data and information.
    DOI: 10.1787/2ae8c0dc-en
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  • 77
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    Realising the circular bioeconomy (2018)
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 60 (November 2018)
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: First the bioeconomy and then circular economy have gained political traction during the second decade of this century. There are synergies to be exploited, but also potential misalignments. The movement of bioeconomy toward the use of wastes, co-products and residue sources resonates well with circular economy principles of making the most efficient of uses of natural resources, as does as transition in focus from virgin to secondary materials in production. However, poorly aligned waste characterisation as well as biomass competition reflect both theoretical and practical conflicts between industrial and environmental policy. Further, waste markets can be disrupted as some materials that currently go to recycling, landfill or incineration could in the future be bound for biorefineries, with implications for waste management markest and public infrastructure. Policies promoting the cascading use of biomass could help mitigate these tensions by achieving high resource productivity.
    DOI: 10.1787/31bb2345-en
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  • 78
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    Incentives and constraints of informal trade between Nigeria and its neighbours (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten)
    Series Statement: West African papers no. 16 (July 2018)
    Series Statement: West African papers
    Keywords: Development ; Nigeria ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The scale of unrecorded trade across the border between Nigeria, the region’s biggest economy and market, and its francophone neighbours is particularly high. Despite providing economic incentives, informal trade entails costs, complications and sometimes risks. This paper explores how policy choices and government actions continue to drive informality and the critical steps that might be taken to create a business environment that is more conducive and supportive of trade between West African neighbours on a formal basis. It goes on to examine the steps that have been taken since 2015 regarding trade promotion by West African states and considers the options for further policy action and public investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/7aa64379-en
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  • 79
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    Assessing the economic valuation of the benefits of regulating chemicals : lessons learned from five case studies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 136
    Keywords: Chemikalienrecht ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Gesundheit ; Ökosystem ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Fallstudie
    Abstract: This paper reviews and compares five case studies on quantification and economic valuation of benefits in cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) of regulating phthalates, mercury, PFOA (perfluoro-octanic acid) and its salts, NMP (1 methyl-2-pyrroloidine) and formaldehyde. The case studies had all been carried out as part of the SACAME project, and the purpose of the present paper is to draw out cross-cutting findings from these studies.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/9a061350-en
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  • 80
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    Clean power for a cool planet : electricity infrastructure plans and the Paris Agreement (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 140
    Keywords: Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Energieinfrastruktur ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Umweltabkommen ; Welt ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Meeting the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement requires a transformational change in our infrastructure systems. Given the long lifetime of infrastructure, there is an urgency to build more of the right type of it. The failure to do so will lock-in emissions for decades to come, or create stranded assets. This working paper aims to shed light on the extent to which current electricity generation projects under construction at the global level - the "pipeline" - are consistent with what a low-carbon transition requires.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2dc84376-en
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  • 81
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    Productivity measurement, R&D assets and mark-ups in OECD countries (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 6
    Keywords: 1985 - 2016 ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Forschungskosten ; Skalenertrag ; Mark-up Pricing ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: A key feature of the 2008 revision of the System of National Accounts was the treatment of R&D expenditure as investment. The question arises whether the standard approach towards accounting for growth contribution of assets is justified given the special nature of R&D that provides capital services by affecting the working of other inputs as a whole – akin to technical change and often requires up-front investment with sunk costs. We model R&D inputs with a restricted cost function and compare econometric estimates with those derived under a standard index number approach but find no significant differences. However, we cannot reject the hypothesis of increasing returns to scale. The standard MFP measure is then broken down into a scale effect and a residual productivity effect, each of which explains about half of overall MFP change. The scale effect points to the importance of the demand side and market size for productivity growth. We also compute mark-up rates of prices over marginal cost and find widespread evidence of rising mark-ups for the period 1985-2016.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/fb3c2e6f-en
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  • 82
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    A long-term perspective on the development experience of emerging and industrialised economies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 10
    Keywords: 1820 - 2010 ; Lebensqualität ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Vergleich ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes development patterns beyond GDP in a long-term historical perspective. It revisits the discussion on the goals of development in light of the current discussions on ‘Beyond GDP’, provides evidence on GDP and well-being outcomes since 1820 in a broad range of developing and emerging countries, and compares the experience of early industrialising countries and more recently emerging ones.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/ad930641-en
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  • 83
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    Financing refugee-hosting contexts : an analysis of the DAC’s contribution to burden- and responsibility-sharing in supporting refugees and their host communities (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 48
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.48
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Soziale Integration ; Öffentliche Sozialausgaben ; Entwicklungshilfe ; OECD-Staaten-seitig ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Protecting and supporting refugees is an important responsibility of the international community. The Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) was proposed in 2018 to establish a more predictable and equitable sharing of burdens and responsibilities among United Nations Member States when it comes to fulfilling these obligations. This working paper presents and analyses the findings of a survey circulated to members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) between July and September 2018. The survey investigated trends in official development assistance (ODA) and plans for future funding to programmes and projects that support refugees and their host communities, as well as other, non-funding efforts and responses that DAC members are making in support of refugees. The findings of this paper will establish a baseline for monitoring progress toward “funding and effective and efficient use of resources” as one of the key tools for meeting the commitments of the GCR. The paper examines some of the strengths and challenges of current donor practices, and recommends a set of priorities to guide future donor support and engagement in order to promote good donorship and to support the international community in meeting the GCR’s objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/24db9b07-en
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  • 84
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    Nigeria's perspective on TOSSD (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 83 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 50
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.50
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Statistik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Nigeria ; Development ; Nigeria ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Working Paper summarises the main findings and recommendations of the pilot study, including first orders of magnitude of TOSSD flows to Nigeria. Estimated TOSSD flows to Nigeria in 2016 amounted to approximately USD 3 billion of official development finance and USD 1.9 billion of private finance mobilised through official development interventions. These first orders of magnitude have been estimated using OECD DAC Statistics. However, these figures are likely to be largely underestimated due to information gaps, notably on the People’s Republic of China (hereafter China) and emerging providers’ official support to Nigeria. The results of the pilot also indicate that the current organisational set up of Nigeria, both from an institutional and an IT system perspective, makes it challenging for the Government to access, collate, collect analyse and use data on external financing to the country using national data. The TOSSD pilot in Nigeria confirmed the usefulness of country pilots for testing the TOSSD methodology and for ensuring feedback by partner countries on TOSSD as a measurement framework. The findings also helped to ascertain that the International TOSSD Task Force developing the framework is in the right direction with regard to the main parameters of the measure. Findings contained in the present Working Paper will support the discussions to refine the emerging TOSSD Reporting Instructions in 2018 and 2019.
    DOI: 10.1787/619cb021-en
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  • 85
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    The economics of patient safety in primary and ambulatory care : flying blind (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 106
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Ambulante Behandlung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Building on published patient safety research literature, this paper aims to broaden the existing knowledge base on safety lapses occurring in primary and ambulatory care settings. The findings of this paper show that safety lapses in primary and ambulatory care are common. About half of the global burden of patient harm originates in primary and ambulatory care, and estimates suggest that nearly four out of ten patients experience safety issue(s) in their interaction with this setting. Safety lapses in primary and ambulatory care most often result in an increased need for care or hospitalisations. Available evidence estimates the direct costs of safety lapses – the additional tests, treatments and health care – in primary and ambulatory care to be around 2.5% of total health expenditure. Safety lapses resulting in hospitalisations each year may count 6% of total hospital bed days and more than 7 million admissions in the OECD.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/baf425ad-en
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  • 86
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    Health literacy for peoplecentred care : where do OECD countries stand? (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 107
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Wissen ; Bildung ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the 21st century care, the old paradigm “because the doctor said so” no longer holds. Individuals are now seeking ways to understand their health options and take more control over their health decisions. But this is not an easy task. Professionals continue to use medical jargon, drug instructions are not always clear, and health information in clinical settings continue to be complex and challenging to navigate. Widespread access to digital technologies offset some of these barriers by democratising access to health information, providing new ways to improve health knowledge and support self care. Nonetheless, when health information is misused or misinterpreted, it can wrongly influence individuals’ preferences and behaviour, jeopardise their health, or put unreasonable demands on health systems.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d8494d3a-en
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  • 87
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    Regulatory framework for the loan-based crowdfunding platforms (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1513
    Keywords: Kredit ; Crowdfunding ; Finanztechnologie ; Kapitalmarktrecht ; Markteintritt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In a growing number of OECD countries policymakers are designing specific regulations for lending-based crowdfunding platforms. In March 2018, as a part of its Fintech action plan, the European Commission also presented its proposal for the EU-wide passporting regime. To evaluate these new regimes, this study collects information about the regulation of lending-based crowdfunding platforms in 17 OECD countries and proposes a theoretical framework to reflect about different regulatory regimes. In this context, we explore market failures in lending-based crowdfunding and identify regulatory challenges. Although lending-based crowdfunding platforms do not technically perform risk and maturity transformation, in some countries, flexible regulation allows them to experiment with different business models to provide services of credit risk management (via risk grades, provision funds, automated lending) and liquidity provision (via secondary markets). These platforms could perform the same functions as banks in the future, but there are theoretical reasons to believe that platform-based intermediation could be more stable than banking intermediation. The success of lending-based crowdfunding platforms hinges on their ability to solve moral hazard issues and overcome significant barriers to entry related to scale and scope economies, adverse selection, as well as funding cost advantage of incumbent large banks. There are also risks related to an excessive reliance on funding of leveraged and ‘too big to fail’ institutional investors that are prone to runs and moral hazard problems.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/24ad924a-en
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  • 88
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    Fan charts around GDP projections based on probit models of downturn risk (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1521
    Keywords: Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Konjunktur ; Probit-Modell ; Wirtschaftsprognose ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes a method for parameterising fan charts around GDP growth forecasts of the major OECD economies as well as the aggregate OECD. The degree of uncertainty – reflecting the overall spread of the fan chart – is based on past forecast errors, but the skew – reflecting whether risks are tilted to the downside – is derived from a probit model-based assessment of the probability of a future downturn. This approach is applied to each of the G7 countries separately, with combinations of variables found to be useful in predicting future downturns at different horizons up to 8 quarters: at short horizons of 2-4 quarters, a flattening or inverted yield curve slope, recent sharp falls in house prices, share prices or credit; at longer horizons of 6-8 quarters, sustained strong growth in house prices, share prices and credit; and at all horizons, a tight labour market and rapid growth in OECD-wide (or in some cases euro-wide) house prices, share prices or credit. The in-sample fit of the probit models appears reasonably good for all G7 countries. The predicted probabilities from the probit models provide a graduated assessment of downturn risk, which is reflected in the degree of skew in the fan chart. Fan charts computed on an out-of-sample basis around pre-crisis OECD forecasts published in June 2008 encompass the extreme outturns associated with the Global Financial Crisis for five of the G7 countries. A weakness of the approach is that, although it predicts a clear majority of past downturns, it will not predict atypical downturns. For example, in the current conjuncture, it is unlikely that current concerns about risks associated with Brexit, an escalation of trade tensions or spillovers from emerging markets would be picked up by the models. At the same time, a severe downturn triggered by such atypical events might be more severe if more typical risk factors are also high.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d7c20354-en
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  • 89
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    The drivers of regional growth in Russia : a baseline model with applications (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1523
    Keywords: 2004 - 2015 ; Regionales Wachstum ; Öffentliche Investition ; Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Wachstumstheorie ; Russland ; Economics ; Russian Federation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Russia is a federation of more than 80 regions spanning across a huge territory. Natural resource endowment, inherited industrial specialization, remoteness and climate conditions contribute to large regional disparities. This paper presents an empirical framework model for assessing determinants of regional growth in Russia between 2004 and 2015 with an extension to include sub-national fiscal policies. Baseline results show convergence rates of regional GDP per capita in line with the 2% “iron law of convergence” between countries. Capital investment, and public investment in particular, is a stronger driver of regional growth than in most OECD countries. Natural-resource rich regions are growing faster, and oil price shocks have little economic impact in these regions, pointing at Russia’s centralized tax and transfer system. Subnational current government expenditure is associated with lower growth and slower regional convergence, suggesting low sub-national spending efficiency. There is also weak evidence that sub-national investment yields higher returns than federal government investment. Transfers have mixed effects depending on their nature. Budget equalization grants tend to slow regional growth as they reduce incentives to improve spending efficiency. On the other hand earmarked matching grants tend to spur growth and convergence as they direct resources towards more productive spending.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/9279f6c3-en
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  • 90
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    Alternative financing instruments for SMEs and entrepreneurs : the case of capital market finance (2018)
    [Paris, France] : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 10
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: SME finance ; capital markets ; financial crisis ; growth finance ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The present report analyses the extent to which capital markets have provided capital to SMEs since the GFC, focusing on three kinds of financial instruments that have proven especially important in providing finance to SMEs undergoing major transitions during the past few years: Private Equity; Private Debt; and Collective Investment Vehicles.
    DOI: 10.1787/dbdda9b6-en
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  • 91
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    Metadata for Radioactive Waste Management (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311237-en
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  • 92
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    Portrait of innovative startups across countries (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 02
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Unternehmensgründung ; Innovation ; Risikokapital ; Unternehmer ; Geschlecht ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report presents new cross-country descriptive evidence on innovative start-ups and related venture capital investments drawing upon Crunchbase, a new dataset that is unprecedented in terms of scope and comprehensiveness. The analysis employs a mix of different statistical techniques (descriptive graphics, econometric analysis, and machine learning) to highlight a number of findings. First, there are significant cross-country differences in the professional and educational background of start-ups’ founders, notably the share of founders with previous academic experience and in the share of “serial entrepreneurs”. Conversely, the founders’ average age is rather constant across countries, but shows a fair degree of variability across sectors. Second, IP assets, and in particular the presence of an inventor in the team of founders, are strongly associated with start-ups’ success. Finally, female founders are less likely to receive funding, receive lower amounts when they do receive financing, and have a lower probability of successful exit, when other factors are controlled for.
    DOI: 10.1787/f9ff02f4-en
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  • 93
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    Trend-analysis of science, technology and innovation policies for BNCTs (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 08
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Nanotechnologie ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This “Trend-Analysis of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for BNCTs” aims to analyse policies pertaining to nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past years with regard to their directionality and technology-specificity. The analysis provides some evidence that technology-push policies are favoured for young technology fields, while application-pull policies tend to be applied to more mature fields. In technology-specific policies, the percentage of pure application-pull policies is much lower than that observed for general STI policies. Most individual STI policies are technology-specific in their title or description. Most general STI policies also mention a specific technology and are thus applicable to both the field of general STI and the field of the respective technology. In the case of biotechnology, nanotechnology and ICT, by contrast, at least one third of the policies are unique to the respective field, and only up to a quarter are shared with any other technology field.
    DOI: 10.1787/1566a6ce-en
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  • 94
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    France : promoting economic opportunities and well-being in poor neighbourhoods (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1454
    Keywords: Armutsbekämpfung ; Armut ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Frankreich ; Economics ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Thanks to a highly developed welfare state, poverty is moderate on average in France, but – as in other countries – highly concentrated in some neighbourhoods. Their residents face many social disadvantages, including high unemployment and inactivity, schools with many struggling children, often run-down housing and urban infrastructure, and a lack of local enterprises, services and amenities. The government focuses a wide array of policies on these areas to promote better schooling outcomes, employment and local economic activity. Urban renewal and public housing policies aim explicitly at promoting social mixing, often presented as an anti-ghetto policy. Evidence suggests that targeted investment in transport and housing infrastructure as well as education and training could go a long way to improving economic opportunities and well-being in poor areas. In contrast, special economic zones with tax breaks to attract business to these areas have a mixed track record at best. Greater social mixing is difficult to engineer, and it is far from clear if this by itself would improve the lives of the poor. There is a need to better link urban, social and judicial policies favouring alternative sentencing and support for offenders to integrate into society to avoid vicious circles of social disadvantage and crime.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/266e91e1-en
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  • 95
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    Reducing regional disparities in productivity in the United Kingdom (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1456
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Dezentralisierung ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The United Kingdom displays large regional disparities in productivity compared to most other OECD countries, with a large gap between London and most other regions. This holds back aggregate productivity and growth, and contributes to regional differences in living standards. To make the lagging regions more attractive to companies and workers, transport links between and within cities should be improved by increasing infrastructure investment outside London. Another policy priority is to improve the local business environment through more spending on innovation and increased support for investment and skills. Also, local authorities should have more freedom in setting education and training goals and the land-use planning system has to be more responsive to meet housing needs in cities. The role of subnational government is sub-par relative to the OECD average, but more devolution has recently been introduced in several city-regions. Such efforts towards more decentralization need to continue to cover larger parts of the country and involve greater transfers of powers and responsibilities at the local level.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/54293958-en
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  • 96
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    Improving productivity and job quality of low-skilled workers in the United Kingdom (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1457
    Keywords: Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Soziale Mobilität ; Großbritannien ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom have low basic skills, which has a negative impact on career prospects, job quality and productivity growth. Furthermore, unlike most other countries, young adults do not have stronger basic skills than the generation approaching retirement. The lack of skills development starts at young ages and continues in secondary education; despite a modest reduction in recent years, the educational attainment gap between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged students remains high. The low participation in lifelong learning of low-skilled individuals puts them at risk of falling behind in meeting the changing skill demands of the dynamic labour market. Ongoing reforms to the vocational education and training (VET) system and apprenticeship system should have a positive impact on low-skilled productivity, enabling students to gain the necessary basic skills and for workers to find quality jobs. Improving the targeting of active labour market policies, and ensuring that the ongoing increases in the national living wage are delivered in a sustainable way will also play an important role in improving job quality and reducing the high rate of youth neither employed or in education or training. Policy responses to the rise of non-standard work will also be essential in improving the job quality of the low-skilled.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/14dfd584-en
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  • 97
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    Saving, investment, capital stock and current account projections in long-term scenarios (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1461
    Keywords: Sparquote ; Kapitalstock ; Investition ; Leistungsbilanz ; Leistungsbilanz ; Szenariotechnik ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper describes the framework used in long-term economic scenarios for the projection of the saving rate, investment, capital stock and current account. The saving rate is determined according to an estimated equation which suggests that demographics, captured by the old-age dependency rate and life expectancy, is a major driver, with additional effects from the fiscal balance, labour productivity growth, the net oil trade balance, the availability of credit and the level of social protection. The evolution of the business sector capital stock depends on the economy’s cyclical position, product market regulation, employment protection legislation and the user cost of capital, and may be constrained by current account deficits depending on the degree of capital account openness. Business sector investment is derived from the capital stock projection via the usual stock-flow identity. The public sector capital stock-to-output ratio is assumed to be constant in the baseline scenario, but a public investment shock can be simulated in alternative scenarios. The current account balance is obtained as the difference between national investment and saving, and in turn determines the evolution of the net international investment position. A global interest rate premium helps to bring global saving and investment into balance.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/aa519fc9-en
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  • 98
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    Sustainable financing for marine ecosystem services in Mauritania and Guinea-Bissau : country study (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 10 (February 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.10
    Keywords: Environment ; Guinea-Bissau ; Mauritania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This Policy Paper summarises key messages from the case study on European Union payments to Mauritania and Guinea-Bissau for the conservation of marine protected areas under the Fisheries Partnership Agreements. The detailed case study is available in the 2017 OECD report The Political Economy of Biodiversity Policy Reform. A separate “Policy Highlights” brochure, which distils key messages and lessons learned from the full report is also available.
    DOI: 10.1787/896ea4e7-en
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  • 99
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    GVCs and centrality : mapping key hubs, spokes and the periphery (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers no. 12 (February 2018)
    Series Statement: OECD productivity working papers
    Keywords: global value chains ; international trade ; centrality ; network analysis ; input-outputtables ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper uses “centrality” metrics to reflect position with Global Value Chains (GVCs). Central sectors reflect those that are highly connected (both directly and indirectly) and influential within globalproduction networks, whereas peripheral sectors exhibit weak linkages and are less influential. Applying these metrics to OECD ICIO data, reveals there have been profound changes in the structure of GVCs over the period 1995-2011. Whilst some activities remain clustered around the same key hubs as was the case at the start of the period (e.g. motor vehicles), for others there have been dramatic changes in the geography of economic activity (e.g. IT manufacturing), whereas other activities have become more influential for value chains almost universally (e.g. IT services). Several emerging economies and their industries have become more central to global production networks. We find this is particularly true of most peripheral industries of Eastern European countries, with their growing importance coinciding with the timing of their EU accession. Asian value chains have also undergone substantial reorganisation. In particular, the centrality of Japanese industries has fallen from an initial position of being the key hub within Asian value chains and the bulk of this fall does not appear to be due to the decline in size of the Japanese economy over this period. This is in contrast with trends in foreign value added content of exports of these Japanese industries, which increased over the same time period, illustrating that the centrality measure does not seem to simply reflect features captured by existing GVC metrics.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d4a9bd6f-en
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  • 100
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    Alternative financing instruments for SMEs and entrepreneurs : the case of mezzanine finance (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD SME and entrepreneurship papers no. 2
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers
    Keywords: Mezzanine Finance ; SME Finance ; Public Programmes ; Growth Finance ; Financial Crisis ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: OECD governments have long assigned a high priority to improving conditions for access to finance for new, innovative and fast-growing SMEs and established firms pursuing expansion. This report analyses the potential and challenges of mezzanine finance for addressing diverse financing needs of SMEs and entrepreneurs, highlighting the advantages and costs in relation to other financing techniques. It is the first in a broader series of studies to map and analyse the full range of financing instruments for SMEs alternative to traditional bank credit. It describes the types of SMEs – or stages in their life cycle – for which mezzanine finance is best suited and the ways in which it is used to finance SMEs, comments on the evolution of mezzanine finance in the wake of the financial crisis, and analyses policy approaches to support its broader use.
    DOI: 10.1787/3709429e-en
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