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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,765)
  • HeBIS  (140)
  • Online Resource  (1,879)
  • 2010-2014  (1,879)
  • Education  (1,834)
  • Electronic books.
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  • Online Resource  (1,879)
  • Book  (12)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783658018665 , 3658018666
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 176 Seiten) , 1 Abb.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2014
    Series Statement: Bildung und Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trauschein, Therese Die soziale Situation jugendlicher „Sinti und Roma“
    DDC: 304.8
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Roma ; Sinti ; Soziale Situation ; Bildung ; Emigration and immigration ; Social structure ; Equality ; Sociology ; Social groups ; Educational sociology ; Education ; Human Migration ; Social Structure ; Sociology of Family, Youth and Aging ; Sociology of Education ; Education ; Deutschland
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783531920771 , 3531920774
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 167 Seiten) , 34 Abb.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2014
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aybek, Can M Migrantenjugendliche zwischen Schule und Beruf
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Jugend ; Migrationshintergrund ; Schulabschluss ; Berufsanfang ; Sociology ; Social structure ; Equality ; Political science ; Education ; Sociology ; Social Structure ; Political Science ; Education
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783658024390 , 3658024399
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 310 Seiten) , 10 Abb.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2014
    Series Statement: Sozialstrukturanalyse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Globalisierung, Bildung und grenzüberschreitende Mobilität
    DDC: 305.5
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    RVK:
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    Keywords: Interkulturalität ; Interkulturelles Lernen ; Austauschschüler ; Humankapital ; Transnationalisierung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Social structure ; Equality ; Educational sociology ; Emigration and immigration ; Sociology ; Education ; Social Structure ; Sociology of Education ; Human Migration ; Sociology ; Education ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD skills strategy diagnostic report
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Österreich ; Education ; Employment ; Austria ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to Austria’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Austria identifies 14 skills challenges for Austria. The project and this report build on both the insights from workshops as well as latest international comparative analysis from OECD and national sources. The report provides cases illustrating how other countries have tackled similar challenges, which can be used as input to potential policy options on how to tackle these challenges. The challenges are described under each of the main pillars of the OECD Skills Strategy. The first 11 challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The next three challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions which strengthen the overall skills system. Success in tackling these skills challenges will boost performance across the whole skills system.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264205314
    Language: French
    Pages: 342 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Résultats du PISA 2012 vol. 2
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: Résultats du PISA 2012
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2012 Results; Excellence through Equity (Volume II); Giving Every Student the Chance to Succeed
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2012 Ergebnisse; Exzellenz durch Chancengerechtigkeit (Band II); Allen Schülerinnen und Schülern die Voraussetzungen zum Erfolg sichern
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Ce livre définit et mesure l’équité en matière d’éducation, et examine comment l’équité a évolué depuis l’enquête PISA 2003.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: L'enseignement à la loupe no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. What TALIS Reveals About Teachers Across Education Levels
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le rapport New Insights from TALIS 2013: Teaching and Learning in Primary and Upper Secondary Education (Nouveaux éclairages de TALIS 2013 : Enseigner et apprendre dans le primaire et le deuxième cycle du secondaire [OCDE, 2014a]) offre une vue d’ensemble des enseignants et de l’enseignement dans le primaire et le deuxième cycle du secondaire pour une sélection de pays ayant participé en 2013 à l’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (TALIS) de l’OCDE. Les femmes représentent la majorité du corps enseignant dans la plupart des pays, et ce à tous les niveaux d’enseignement. Malgré ce constat et le fait que la plupart des chefs d’établissement soient d’anciens enseignants, les femmes sont nettement moins nombreuses parmi les chefs d’établissement, quel que soit le niveau d’enseignement. Les enseignants du primaire travaillent en général dans des établissements où les chefs d’établissement font plus souvent état, par comparaison avec le deuxième cycle du secondaire, d’un manque de matériel et/ou de personnel pouvant diminuer la capacité de leur établissement à offrir un enseignement de qualité. En outre, dans de nombreux pays, les établissements présentant un fort pourcentage d’élèves défavorisés sur le plan socio-économique font face à des pénuries de ressources clés plus importantes, ce qui vient s’ajouter au contexte déjà difficile dans lequel s’inscrivent les élèves et les enseignants de ces établissements.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264211377
    Language: English
    Pages: 108 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International summit on the teaching profession
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schleicher, Andreas, 1964 - Equity, excellence and inclusiveness in education
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Bildungswesen ; Welt ; Education ; Konferenzschrift ; Schulpolitik ; Chancengleichheit ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Excellence in education without equity risks leading to large economic and social disparities; equity in education at the expense of quality is a meaningless aspiration. The most advanced education systems now set ambitious goals for all students, focusing on both excellence and equity. They also equip their teachers with the pedagogic skills that have been proven effective and with enough autonomy so that teachers can use their own creativity in determining the content and instruction they provide to their individual students. The fourth International Summit on the Teaching Profession brought together education ministers, union leaders and other teacher leaders from high-performing and rapidly improving education systems, as measured by PISA (the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment ). Their aim was to discuss equity, excellence and inclusiveness in education by exploring three questions: • How are high-quality teachers developed, and how do schools with the greatest need attract and retain them? • How can equity be ensured in increasingly devolved education systems? and • What kinds of learning environments address the needs of all students? To underpin the discussions, this publication identifies some of the steps policy makers can take to build school systems that are both equitable and excellent. The analysis is complemented with examples that illustrate proven or promising practices in specific countries.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264211933
    Language: English
    Pages: 216 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Niederlande ; Education ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Schule ; Evaluation
    Abstract: How can student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation bring about real gains in performance across a country’s school system? This review report for the Netherlands provides, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the Dutch evaluation and assessment framework in education, current policy initiatives and possible future approaches. This series forms part of the OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264214293
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. TALIS 2013 Results; An International Perspective on Teaching and Learning
    DDC: 370
    Keywords: Education ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Comment les pays peuvent-ils préparer les enseignants à relever les différents défis des établissements d’enseignement d’aujourd’hui ? L’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (TALIS) de l’OCDE aide à répondre à cette question en interrogeant les enseignants et les chefs d’établissement sur leurs conditions de travail et l’environnement d’apprentissage dans leur établissement. En apportant des données précises, récentes et comparables, l’enquête TALIS a pour objectif d’aider les pays à élaborer et à améliorer leurs politiques, de manière à porter la profession d’enseignant au plus haut niveau de qualité. Pour les enseignants et les chefs d’établissement, elle représente une possibilité de contribuer à l’analyse et à la formulation de politiques d’éducation dans des domaines clés. Parmi les thèmes explorés figurent la formation continue, la direction d’établissement, les pratiques pédagogiques, le climat scolaire, les évaluations et les commentaires y afférents, la satisfaction professionnelle et le profil des enseignants. Le présent rapport synthétise les résultats de la deuxième édition de l’enquête TALIS, menée en 2013.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264211339
    Language: English
    Pages: 437 S.
    Edition: Rev. vers.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats de TALIS 2013 ; Une perspective internationale sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als TALIS 2013 results
    DDC: 371.102
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Schule ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrer ; Lernumwelt ; Unterricht ; Sekundarstufe ; Evaluation ; Fragebogen ; Vergleichende Bildungsforschung
    Abstract: How can countries prepare teachers to face the diverse challenges in today’s schools? The OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) helps answer this question by asking teachers and school leaders about their working conditions and the learning environments at their schools. TALIS aims to provide valid, timely and comparable information to help countries review and define policies for developing a high-quality teaching profession. It is an opportunity for teachers and school leaders to provide input into educational policy analysis and development in key areas. This report presents the results of the second cycle of the TALIS survey conducted in 2013.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : OCDE
    ISBN: 9789264203570
    Language: French
    Pages: 242 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: La recherche et l'innovation dans l'enseignement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovative Learning Environments
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Après une première publication de référence, Comment apprend-on ? : La recherche au service de la pratique, ce second volume vient désormais compléter cet ensemble, autour de 40 études de cas approfondies d’environnements pédagogiques du XXIe siècle qui ont fait le pari de l’innovation. Fort d’un riche corpus de données internationales, cet ouvrage présente un nouveau cadre conceptuel, organisé autour de huit chapitres, pour comprendre ces environnements pédagogiques. Abondamment illustré par une multitude d’exemples locaux, il fait valoir qu’un environnement pédagogique contemporain se doit de : favoriser l’innovation des éléments et des dynamiques de son « noyau pédagogique » ; devenir une « organisation formative » grâce à des stratégies solides de conception accompagnées de pratiques correspondantes de leadership pédagogique, d’évaluation et de feedback ; s’ouvrir aux partenariats pour développer son capital social et professionnel, et pérenniser son renouveau et son dynamisme ; et promouvoir l’efficacité du XXIe siècle grâce à la mise en œuvre des principes pédagogiques ILE. En conclusion, cet ouvrage donne des indications sur les moyens d’y parvenir, notamment sur le rôle de la technologie, des réseaux et du changement des cultures organisationnelles.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9788563489197
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (111 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives; A Strategic Approach to Skills Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des compétences meilleures pour des emplois meilleurs et une vie meilleure ; Une approche stratégique des politiques sur les compétences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bessere Kompetenzen, bessere Arbeitsplätze, ein besseres Leben; Ein strategisches Konzept für die Kompetenzpolitik
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejores competencias, mejores empleos, mejores condiciones de vida ; Un enfoque estratégico de la políticas de competencias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Bessere Kompetenzen, bessere Arbeitsplätze, ein besseres Leben: Ein strategisches Konzept für die Kompetenzpolitik
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives: A Strategic Approach to Skills Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Des compétences meilleures pour des emplois meilleurs et une vie meilleure: Une approche stratégique des politiques sur les compétences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Mejores competencias, mejores empleos, mejores condiciones de vida: Un enfoque estratégico de la políticas de competencias
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: As competências se transformaram na moeda global do século 21. Sem investimento adequado em competências, as pessoas permanecem à margem da sociedade, o progresso tecnológico não se traduz em crescimento econômico e os países não podem competir em uma sociedade mundial que se baseia cada vez mais no conhecimento. Mas essa “moeda” perde valor à medida que evoluem as exigências dos mercados de trabalho e as pessoas perdem as competências que não utilizam. A crise econômica mundial, com elevados níveis de desemprego, especialmente entre os jovens, torna urgente fomentar melhores competências. Ao mesmo tempo se deve levar em consideração a desigualdade da renda, causada em grande medida pela desigualdade entre os salários que remuneram a mão de obra de alta capacitação e os pagos às pessoas com baixa capacitação. A solução mais promissora para esses problemas é investir eficazmente nas competências no decorrer do ciclo de vida: desde a primeira infância, durante a educação obrigatória e ao longo da vida profissional. A Estratégia de Competências da OCDE proporciona um marco estratégico integrado no âmbito governamental para ajudar os países a entender melhor como investir nas competências para transformar vidas e fomentar economias. Ajudará os países a identificar os pontos fortes e fracos de suas reservas nacionais de competências e sistemas de competências, a compará-los no âmbito internacional e a desenvolver políticas de melhoria. Em particular, a estratégia estabelece as bases sobre as quais os governos podem trabalhar de maneira eficaz com todas as partes interessadas – governos nacionais, regionais e locais, empregadores, trabalhadores e estudantes. Sumário Introdução Alavanca política 1: Desenvolvimento de competências relevantes Alavanca política 2: Ativação da oferta de competências Alavanca política 3: Usar as competências de maneira eficaz O caminho a percorrer
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1143
    Keywords: Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Binnenwanderung ; Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Kanada ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills shortages have developed in certain fields and regions in recent years. Earnings premiums for people in some professions, notably health, engineering and skilled trades have increased. And vacancy rates have risen for skilled trades, with the increase being particularly large in Alberta and Saskatchewan. While reforms have been implemented to strengthen adjustment so as to overcome these shortages, there is still room to go further by improving labour market information, increasing responsiveness of the education and training system to labour market demand, making the immigration system more reactive to current labour market conditions and reducing regulatory barriers to inter-provincial labour mobility. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Review of Canada (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-canada.htm).
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.44
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How is Equity in Resource Allocation Related to Student Performance?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La façon dont les ressources pédagogiques sont affectées compte autant que la quantité des ressources disponibles. Dans les pays et économies très performants, l’affectation des ressources tend à être plus équitable entre les établissements favorisés et les établissements défavorisés sur le plan socio-économique. Parmi les pays et économies où les établissements sont mieux dotés en termes de ressources – selon les chefs d’établissement, l’équité de l’affectation des ressources n’est pas liée à la qualité globale de ces dernières.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.21
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le salaire des enseignants : Bien plus qu'une simple affaire de chiffres
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Teachers’ salaries increased in real terms between 2000 and 2011 in virtually all OECD countries, but mostly remain below those of other tertiary-educated workers. Statutory salaries for lower secondary school teachers with 15 years of experience are 35% higher than starting salaries in OECD countries. Among OECD countries, education systems that pay teachers more relative to their national income per capita tend to perform slightly better in mathematics as shown by the PISA study. An increasing number of countries are now targeting salary increases to attract high-level graduates in the profession, to retain the best teachers or to assign the most experienced teachers to disadvantaged schools.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264208841
    Language: German
    Pages: 466 S.
    Edition: überarb. Ausg.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Pisa 2012 Ergebnisse Bd. 1
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 Ergebnisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2012 Results; What Students Know and Can Do (Volume I, Revised edition, February 2014); Student Performance in Mathematics, Reading and Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2012 ; Savoirs et savoir-faire des élèves (Volume I) ; Performance des élèves en mathématiques, en compréhension de l'écrit et en sciences
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Bei der jüngsten PISA-Studie sind asiatische Länder und Regionen die klaren Spitzenreiter – allein in Mathematik kamen sieben davon in die Top Ten. In Europa belegen Liechtenstein und die Schweiz die vorderen Plätze. Deutschland liegt zum ersten Mal in allen Testbereichen über den OECD-Schnitt, Österreichs Ergebnisse kehren nach einem Einbruch wieder zu einem guten Niveau zurück. Zum nun fünften Mal wurden die Fähigkeiten von 15-Jährigen in Lesen, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften überprüft, der Schwerpunkt lag auf Mathematik.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : Korean Educational Development Institute
    ISBN: 9789264222397
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (143 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Education Today 2013; The OECD Perspective
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'éducation aujourd'hui 2013 ; La perspective de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Education
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264117037
    Language: English
    Pages: 162 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Slowakei ; Education ; Slovak Republic ; Slowakei ; Bildungswesen ; Evaluation
    Abstract: This book provides, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing the educational evaluation and assessment framework, current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches in the Slovak Republic.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264205345
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (532 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2012 Results; Ready to Learn (Volume III); Students' Engagement, Drive and Self-Beliefs
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage passe en revue l’engagement des élèves par rapport à l’école, leur motivation à réussir et leur perception par rapport à l’apprentissage des mathématiques.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264221932
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A Teachers' Guide to TALIS 2013; Teaching and Learning International Survey
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide TALIS 2013 à l'intention des enseignants ; Enquête internationale sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Esta publicación no sólo presenta los principales resultados de TALIS 2013, también toma en cuenta dichos resultados y -respaldado por la literatura en investigación educativa y el volumen de trabajo de la OCDE en materia de educación- ofrece ideas y consejos a los profesores y los directores de centros educativos con el fin de que puedan mejorar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en sus escuelas. Es, a la vez, una guía propuesta por TALIS y un manual para la construcción de la excelencia en la enseñanza.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quel avantage salarial le niveau de formation procure-t-il ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Rising levels of tertiary attainment seem not to have led to an “inflation” eroding the labour-market value of qualifications. However, tertiary graduates have the highest relative earnings advantage when they live in a country with low tertiary attainment rates. On average, compared to those with an upper secondary education, tertiary-educated adults earn about 1.6 times more than their peers, while individuals without an upper secondary education earn 24% less. Higher educational attainment and literacy skills increase earnings, but the advantages are more pronounced for men than for women and seem to increase as adults get older. The crisis has widened the wage gap between less educated and highly educated individuals: across OECD countries, the average difference in earnings from employment between these two groups increased from 75 percentage points in 2008 to 79 percentage points in 2012. Qualifications are more rewarded than skills: attaining a higher level of education has a stronger positive impact on earnings than better literacy proficiency.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Santiago de Chile : CIEDESS
    ISBN: 9789264208582
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (476 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Closing the Gender Gap; Act Now
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Inégalités hommes-femmes ; Il est temps d'agir
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gleichstellung der Geschlechter; Zeit zu handeln
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Closing the Gender Gap; Act Now (Korean version)
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Las brechas de género se encuentran presentes en todas las actividades de la vida económica e implican grandes pérdidas de productividad, en los niveles de vida de las personas y en la economía. Este informe nuevo de la OCDE se centra en cómo cerrar dichas brechas, de la mejor manera, bajo cuatro amplios temas: 1) igualdad de género, normas sociales y políticas públicas; 2) educación; 3) empleo; y 4) emprendimiento. Mensajes de políticas clave: -Una mayor igualdad de género en el logro escolar tiene un fuerte efecto positivo en el crecimiento económico; -Los estereotipos necesitan ser abordados, desde una edad temprana, en las posibles opciones educativas. Por ejemplo, al adaptar las estrategias y los materiales de enseñanza para incrementar el interés de los niños en la lectura y de las niñas en las matemáticas y la ciencia; motivar más a las niñas y orientarlas a los cursos de ciencia, ingeniería y matemáticas en la educación superior; y a buscar empleo en dichos campos; -El cuidado infantil de calidad y a precio asequible es un factor clave para una mayor igualdad en el empleo. Pero el cambio también debe suceder en el hogar dado que las tareas domésticas y el cuidado se reserva aún a las mujeres en muchos países. La política puede apoyar dicho cambio, por ejemplo, mediante autorizaciones para ausencia laboral que explícitamente incluya al padre. -Las políticas de apoyo para las mujeres empresarias necesitan dirigirse a todas las empresas y no solamente a las pequeñas y las nuevas. Se necesita asegurar el acceso al financiamiento para hombres y mujeres emprendedores en términos de igualdad. ÍNDICE Prólogo Prólogo a la edición en español Resumen Ejecutivo Parte I. La igualdad de género: el argumento económico, las normas sociales y las políticas públicas Capítulo 1. El argumento económico en favor de la igualdad de género Capítulo 2. Por qué importan las instituciones sociales en la igualdad de género Capítulo 3. Incorporación de la perspectiva de género en las políticas públicas Parte II. La igualdad de género en la educación Capítulo 4. Mantener a las niñas y los niños en la escuela Capítulo 5. La ayuda en favor de la igualdad de género en la educación Capítulo 6. ¿Quiénes destacan en qué en la escuela? Capítulo 7. Graduados de la educación secundaria: ¿qué sigue a continuación? Capítulo 8. La ciencia versus las humanidades Capítulo 9. Consiguiendo el trabajo para el que estudiaste Capítulo 10. Educación financiera para el empoderamiento financiero Parte III. La igualdad de género en el empleo Capítulo 11. ¿Quién trabaja en el empleo remunerado? Capítulo 12. ¿La maternidad significa trabajar a tiempo parcial? Capítulo 13. El valor de la mujer Capítulo 14. El argumento empresarial a favor de las mujeres y de contener las fugas Capítulo 15. Mujeres en los directorios corporativos Capítulo 16. Brechas de género en el sector público Capítulo 17. ¿Quién termina cuidando? Capítulo 18. Apoyando a los padres a equilibrar el trabajo y la vida familiar Capítulo 19. Los efectos de la crisis en el empleo masculino y femenino Capítulo 20. Los trabajadores ocultos: las mujeres en el empleo informal Capítulo 21. Las mujeres en la jubilación Parte IV. La igualdad de género en la actividad empresarial Capítulo 22 Tendencias de género en el emprendimiento femenino Capítulo 23 Motivaciones y habilidades de las mujeres empresarias Capítulo 24 ¿Existe una brecha de género en el desempeño de la empresa? Capítulo 25 ¿El espíritu de emprendedor es rentable para las mujeres? Capítulo 26 El acceso de las mujeres a crédito Capítulo 27 Financiación de empresas de mujeres en los países socios Capítulo 28 ¿Las mujeres innovan de manera distinta? Capítulo 29 La formalización de empresas femeninas
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : Korean Educational Development Institute
    ISBN: 9789264209244
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (113 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trends Shaping Education 2013
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les grandes mutations qui transforment l'éducation 2013
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: 점점 다양해지는 사회는 우리 교육에 어떤 의미가 있는가? 세계 경제 파워가 새로운 국가로 이전되는 현상은 어떠한가? 변화하는 직업 세계에서 어떤 방식으로 스킬이 요구되는가? 교육에 영향을 주는 글로벌 동향 2013은 주로 OECD, 세계은행 및 유엔을 통한 양질의 국제 자료에 기반한 것이다. 차트 는 다양한 링크를 포함하여 독자가 원본 데이터에 액세스할 수 있도록 했다. 본 간행물에서 제시된 트렌드는 5개의 광범 위한 주제로 구성되며 각 장에는 “자세히 알아보기” 섹션이 있다. 교육에 영향을 주는 글로벌 동향 2013은 이전 버전보다 많은 업데이트가 이루어졌고 다루는 범위도 방대해졌다. 브라질, 중국, 인도, 러시아 연방과 같은 신흥 경제국에 초점을 맞추었고 그 외 새로운 국가들에 대한 내용도 포함된다. 오늘날 우리 사회와 교실이 직면한 주요 문제를 다루고 보안, 스킬 및 신흥 기술에 대한 새로운 지표와 주제도 광범위하게 포함 된다. 본 간행물은 신뢰할 수 있는 비전문가용 자료를 제시하여 정책 전문가, 연구원, 교육계 리더, 관리자 및 교사들에게 학교 나 대학교에서 또는 노인을 위한 교육 프로그램에서 교육계가 처한 문제에 대한 생각을 독려하고 전략적 사고를 할 수 있도록 하기 위해 고안되었다. 이번 간행물은 학생뿐만 아니라 학부모를 포함한 다양한 독자층에게도 도움이 될 것이다.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264215689
    Language: English
    Pages: 331 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring innovation in education
    DDC: 370.72/7
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Bildung ; Innovation ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Bildungsforschung ; Innovation ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Do teachers innovate? Do they try different pedagogical approaches? Are practices within classrooms and educational organisations changing? And to what extent can change be linked to improvements? A measurement agenda is essential to an innovation and improvement strategy in education. Measuring Innovation in Educationoffers new perspectives on addressing the need for such measurement. This book’s first objective is informative: it gives readers new international comparative information about innovation in education compared to other sectors. And it documents change in a variety of dimensions of school practices between 1999 and 2011. Its second objective is methodological: it assesses two approaches to capturing the extent and type of innovation occurring within and across education systems. The third objective is exploratory: this book showcases a large-scale pilot that presents over 200 measures of innovation in education using existing international data. Last but not least, the fourth objective is prospective: this report proposes new approaches to measuring innovation in education in the future. This book is the beginning of a new journey: it calls for innovations in the field of measurement – and not just of education.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264207691
    Language: English
    Pages: 202 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Großbritannien ; Nordirland ; Education ; Ireland ; Nordirland ; Schule ; Evaluation
    Abstract: This book finds that, in many ways, Northern Ireland stands out internationally with its thoughtfully designed evaluation and assessment framework. The major components are well developed, in particular policies for student assessment, school evaluation and school system evaluation. It has been developed using the majority of key design principles recommended by the OECD. The approach to evaluation and assessment combines: central control over policy development and standard setting; transparency over procedures and reporting of results; an increasing responsibility for the implementation of evaluation and assessment among teachers and schools; and central mechanisms to monitor the effectiveness of implementation. For example, while schools and their Boards of Governors are accountable for their educational quality and are accountable to their communities, school development planning processes are also monitored as part of external school evaluation by a central inspectorate. Teachers play a central role in student assessment and their assessment of pupil progress against central standards is moderated by a central agency which engages working teachers in the process. Teachers in primary schools are offered central diagnostic tests to support their assessment of pupil progress. Only teacher appraisal remains entirely school based, but there is a set of common competence standards for teachers.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264216075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guide TALIS 2013 à l'intention des enseignants ; Enquête internationale sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This publication not only presents the main results of TALIS 2013, it also takes those findings and, backed by the research literature on education and the large body of OECD work on education, offers insights and advice to teachers and school leaders on how they can improve teaching and learning in their schools. It is both a guide through TALIS and a handbook for building excellence into teaching.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264190665
    Language: English
    Pages: 199 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Strong performers and successful reformers in education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lessons from PISA for Korea (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lessons from PISA for Korea
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Vergleich ; Südkorea ; Welt ; Education ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Bildungsforschung ; PISA-Studie
    Abstract: The story of Korean education over the past 50 years is one of remarkable growth and achievement. Korea is one of the top performing countries in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey and among those with the highest proportion of young people who have completed upper secondary and tertiary education. Korea is continuously exploring ways to improve its education system and has dramatically increased government investment in education over the last decade. Nevertheless, further reforms are needed to spur and sustain improvements. Rapid globalisation and modernisation are also posing new and demanding challenges to equip young people of today and tomorrow with skills relevant to the 21st century. The report Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for Korea aims at helping Korea to identify and address education policy challenges in an international perspective. To this end, it examines the Korean education system through the prism of PISA, considers recent policy developments and suggests specific policy options to foster improvements. The report also provides an in-depth analysis of the experience of other high-performing countries.
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1139
    Keywords: 2060 ; Regulierung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Einkommensverteilung ; Bildung ; Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Income and earning inequality has been on the rise in most of the OECD and in many emerging economies since the 1980s. This paper estimates a model of earnings inequality across OECD countries that incorporates determinants of relative demand and supply of more and less-skilled labour. Drawing on OECD data we find that skill-biased technological change – measured as a common cross-country time trend and the level of multi factor productivity – has been the key driver in increasing earning differentials. The analysis also shows that educational attainment has mitigated the impact of skill-biased technological change on earning differentials, but has in most countries been unable to fully compensate. In line with previous OECD analysis, changes in structural policies and labour market institutions, such as deregulation of product and labour markets have exerted upward pressure on inequality. The estimated model is used to decompose historical changes in earning differentials and to construct forward looking scenarios up to 2060. If the common cross-country trend of skill-biased technological change observed during the last 25 years prevails, earning differentials will on average increase by almost 30% in the OECD by 2060. Finally, the model is used to simulate the consequences of alternative policy scenarios over the coming 50 years.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.8
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Que nous apprend TALIS sur les enseignants des différents niveaux d'enseignement ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Que nous apprend TALIS sur les enseignants des différents niveaux d'enseignement ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The report New insights from TALIS 2013: Teaching and learning in primary and upper secondary education (OECD, 2014a) presents an overview of teachers and teaching in primary and upper secondary education for a sample of countries that participated in the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) in 2013. Women represent the majority of the teaching workforce for most countries at all levels of education. Despite this and the fact that most principals are former teachers, significantly fewer principals are women at all education levels. Primary teachers tend to work in schools where principals report material and personnel shortages that hinder the delivery of quality education more often than upper secondary teachers. Moreover, schools with high proportion of socio-economically disadvantaged students face greater shortages in terms of key resources in many countries. This further exacerbates the already-challenging circumstances for teachers and students.
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.104
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: This case study examines the consequences of important education decentralisation reforms that took place in Sweden in the early 1990s. The sudden shift away from a traditionally centralised education system towards a decentralised one meant that municipalities had to quickly accommodate new responsibilities. Difficulties related to this shift were noticed early on and then confirmed by international surveys, in particular PISA, which revealed that student performance was deteriorating while the gap increased between and top- and bottom-performers. Key elements to this include the fact that decentralisation took place without enough support from the central authorities, municipalities (particularly smaller ones) lacked local capacity to manage their new responsibilities, and as a result the reform has resulted in a mismatch between official responsibilities and the actual powers of the various stakeholders. The central government, steering education at arm’s length, has few tools to incentivise compliance with national goals. At the municipal level, financial resources are often allocated based on tradition and local politics rather than actual needs. This is in part due to misuse of available data and of expert knowledge by decision-makers. The case study also provides a series of recommendations for improvement.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.6
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Commentaires aux enseignants : Un potentiel inexploité
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across countries and economies participating in the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), a majority of teachers report receiving feedback on different aspects of their work in their schools. Teacher feedback has a developmental focus, with many teachers reporting that it leads to improvements in their teaching practices, and other aspects of their work. However, not all feedback is seen as meaningful: nearly half of the teachers across TALIS countries report that teacher appraisal and feedback systems in their school are largely undertaken simply to fulfil administrative requirements. Teachers who consider that they receive meaningful feedback on their work also tend to have more confidence in their own abilities and to have higher job satisfaction.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Titulaires de doctorats : Qui sont-ils et que deviennent-ils après l'obtention de leur diplôme ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many countries have implemented reforms to develop and support doctoral studies and postdoctoral research, stressing the crucial role of doctorate students and degree holders in terms of economic growth, innovation and scientific research. The number of advanced research qualifications being awarded across OECD countries significantly increased over the past decade, growing from 158 000 new doctorates in 2000 to 247 000 in 2012, a rise of 56%. International students get one in five of these new doctorates. Even though the share of women in doctorate programmes has increased over the last decade (as in other levels of education), by 2012 women were still less likely than men to earn an advanced research qualification. On average, individuals with advanced research qualifications benefit from higher employment rates compared to other university-level graduates (Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees combined). The business enterprise sector offers better wages for new doctorate holders than the higher education and government sectors, but also unequal opportunities, depending on the field in which they graduate.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264208094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 results vol. 6
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 results
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2012 results ; Vol. VI: Students and money
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This sixth volume of PISA 2012 results examines 15-year-old students’ performance in financial literacy in the 18 countries and economies that participated in this optional assessment. It also discusses the relationship of financial literacy to students’ and their families’ background and to students’ mathematics and reading skills. The volume also explores students’ access to money and their experience with financial matters. In addition, it provides an overview of the current status of financial education in schools and highlights relevant case studies.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264208810
    Language: French
    Pages: 580 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Résultats du PISA 2012 vol. 1
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: Résultats du PISA 2012
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2012 Results; What Students Know and Can Do (Volume I, Revised edition, February 2014); Student Performance in Mathematics, Reading and Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2012 Ergebnisse; Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können (Band I, Überarbeitete Ausgabe, Februar 2014); Schülerleistungen in Lesekompetenz, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’enquête PISA 2012, dont le domaine majeur d’évaluation est la culture mathématique, mais qui évalue aussi les performances des élèves en compréhension de l'écrit et en sciences, a évalué la capacité des jeunes âgés de 15 ans à se livrer à des raisonnements mathématiques et à utiliser des concepts, procédures, faits et outils pour décrire, expliquer et prévoir des phénomènes, et se comporter en citoyens constructifs, engagés et réfléchis, c’est-à-dire poser des jugements et prendre des décisions en toute connaissance de cause. Ce livre récapitule les résultats.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9783763954704
    Language: German
    Pages: 300 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Pisa 2012 Ergebnisse 2
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 Ergebnisse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2012 Results; Excellence through Equity (Volume II); Giving Every Student the Chance to Succeed
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2012 ; L'équité au service de l'excellence (Volume II) ; Offrir à chaque élève la possibilité de réussir
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dieser zweite Band der Berichtsreihe PISA 2012 Ergebnisse definiert und misst die Chancengerechtigkeit in der Bildung und analysiert, wie sie sich von PISA 2003 bis PISA 2012 in den verschiedenen Ländern entwickelt hat. Er untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen den Leistungen und dem sozioökonomischen Hintergrund der Schüler und beschreibt, inwieweit andere individuelle Schülermerkmale, wie ein eventueller Migrationshintergrund oder die Familienstruktur, sowie Schulmerkmale, wie z.B. der Schulstandort, mit dem sozioökonomischen Status und der Leistung in Zusammenhang stehen. Der Band zeigt darüber hinaus, dass zwischen den einzelnen Ländern Unterschiede in Bezug darauf bestehen, wie gerecht die Ressourcen und Lernmöglichkeiten auf Schulen mit unterschiedlichem sozioökonomischem Profil verteilt sind. Zudem enthält der Band Fallstudien, in denen die Politikreformen von Ländern, die ihre Ergebnisse im Verlauf ihrer Teilnahme an PISA verbessert haben, untersucht werden.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264226173
    Language: English
    Pages: 326 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als New insights from TALIS 2013
    Keywords: OECD ; Lehrkräfte ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Schule ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrer ; Grundschule ; Sekundarstufe
    Abstract: The Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) asks teachers and principals who they are, where they teach and how they feel about their work. The results on lower secondary schools were published in TALIS 2013 Results: An International Perspective on Teaching and Learning. A few countries chose to also conduct the survey in primary and/or upper secondary education. This report presents the results of these options and offers a broader view of teachers and school principals across all levels of compulsory education, and all the similarities and differences in the issues they are facing.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seoul : Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation
    ISBN: 9789264209619
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (387 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lessons from PISA for Korea
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: 지난 50년간 대한민국 교육의 역사는 괄목할만한 성장과 업적을 보였다. 대한민국은 PISA 최상위권 국가 중 하나이며, 고등학교 교육과 고등교육을 수료한 학생의 비율이 가장 높은 국가 중 하나이기도 하다. 대한민국은 교육 체제 개선 방법 을 지속적으로 강구해왔고, 지난 십년간 교육 분야에 대한 정부의 투자도 급격하게 증가하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 이러 한 개선을 독려하고 지속시키기 위해서는 추가적인 개혁이 필요하다. 또한 급격한 세계화와 현대화는 현재와 미래의 젊은 이들이 21세기에 부합하는 능력을 갖출 수 있도록 새롭고 어려운 도전과제들을 제시하고 있다. 본 보고서인 ‘뛰어난 학업성취와 성공적인 교육개혁: PISA가 대한민국 교육에 주는 시사점’은 대한민국이 국제적 관점에 서 교육정책 해결과제를 파악하고 대처하는데 도움을 주고자 한다. 이를 위해 PISA 결과를 통해 대한민국의 교육 체제를 평가하고 최근 정책 발전을 고려하며 개선을 위한 구체적인 정책 대안들을 제시하였다. 또한 성취 수준이 높은 국가의 사 례에 대한 심층적 분석을 제공하였다.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264183759
    Language: French
    Pages: 300 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: La recherche et l'innovation dans l'enseignement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Art for Art's Sake?; The Impact of Arts Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ¿El arte por el arte? ; La influencia de la educacíon artística
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans nos sociétés, les artistes, tout comme les scientifiques et les chefs d’entreprise, sont perçus comme des modèles en termes d’innovation. Il n’est donc pas surprenant que l’éducation artistique soit souvent considérée comme un moyen de développer des compétences perçues comme essentielles pour l’innovation : pensée critique et créative, motivation, confiance en soi, et capacité à communiquer et coopérer efficacement, mais aussi des compétences dans des disciplines scolaires non artistiques telles que les mathématiques, les sciences, la lecture et l’écriture. L’éducation artistique a-t-elle vraiment un impact positif sur les trois sous-ensembles de compétences formant ce que nous appellerons ici « les compétences liées à l’innovation » : compétences techniques, compétences de réflexion et de créativité, et caractère (compétences comportementales et sociales) ? Cet ouvrage dresse un état des lieux des connaissances empiriques concernant l’impact de l’éducation artistique sur ce genre de retombées. Les différents types d’éducation artistique étudiés comprennent l’enseignement des arts dans le cadre scolaire (cours de musique, d’arts plastiques, de théâtre et de danse), les cours intégrant un enseignement artistique (où les arts sont enseignés en accompagnement d’une discipline scolaire), et l’enseignement artistique se déroulant en dehors du cadre scolaire (par ex., les cours particuliers de musique, les cours extrascolaires de théâtre, d’arts plastiques et de danse). Ce rapport ne porte pas, en revanche, sur l’enseignement théorique des arts ni sur l’éducation culturelle, qui peuvent intervenir dans tout type de disciplines.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1119
    Keywords: Fachkräfte ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Qualifikation ; Berufsbildung ; Lohnbildung ; Hochschule ; Einwanderung ; Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Dänemark ; Education ; Economics ; Denmark ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Surveys suggest that Denmark ranks close to or slightly above the OECD average in terms of student and adult skills, even though Denmark spends more than many OECD countries on education, labour market policies and adult learning. Sluggish productivity growth over the past two decades raises the question of how to develop better skills and use them more efficiently to achieve stronger and more inclusive growth. Improving the performance of compulsory and tertiary education would help all students acquire the right skills. Ensuring adults upgrade their skills is another key challenge, which involves strengthening the adult learning system. Reforms of taxation and of the wage setting system in the public sector would promote a better allocation of skills economy-wide. Finally, to activate skills more broadly, reforms to raise labour market participation should continue and the efficiency of active labour market policies will have to be increased further. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Denmark (www.oecd.org/economic-surveydenmark. htm).
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1141
    Keywords: 1995-2008 ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Fachkräfte ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Außenhandel ; Lieferkette ; Input-Output-Analyse ; Welt ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: We propose a new method to analyse the changing skills structure of employment in countries based on the input-output structure of the world economy. Demand for jobs, characterized by skill type and industry of employment, is driven by changes in technology, trade and consumption. Using structural decomposition analysis, we study the relative importance of these drivers for the period 1995-2008. In doing so, we derive a new measure of technological change in vertically integrated production chains and show that it has been skill-biased. We find that skill-biased technological change has played the most important role in the different employment growth rates of high-skilled, medium-skilled and low-skilled labour in advanced countries. For emerging countries, the patterns of employment growth are very heterogeneous.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1144
    Keywords: Frauen ; Lohnstruktur ; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung ; Bildung ; Personalführung ; Schweiz ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Switzerland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Swiss women are now as well educated as their male counterparts. However, progress remains to be made in the job market where both the supply and price of female labour are below that of men. While the participation rate for women is high and rising, it is offset by a heavy incidence of part-time work, reflecting both personal preferences and factors that limit their labour supply. The lack and high cost of childcare options for parents, as well as burdensome marginal income tax rates for second earners, create disincentives to work more. A falling but persistent net (i.e. unexplained) wage gap of about 7% in favour of men, coupled with under-representation of women as managers and entrepreneurs, further reduce the incentive for women to take full advantage of their high levels of human capital. Priority should be given to removing those barriers by increasing public spending on childcare and out-of-school-hours care at the cantonal and municipal levels. Existing regulations regarding childcare provision should also be investigated to see whether a broader range of price and quality childcare options is feasible. The implicit tax penalty for married women should also be removed, as the Federal Council is currently considering. More flexibility in working arrangements could further alleviate women’s cost of reconciling work and family life. For instance, facilitating flexi-time, annualised hours, job-sharing, part-time and telework options for both women and men, and creating paternity and/or consecutive, take-it-or-leave-it parental leave could facilitate transition in and out of the labour market. Increasing competition in product markets should help reduce the wage gap by replacing old habits with the hunt for talent regardless of gender. Finally, a corporate governance code in favour of a more equal representation of women in leadership positions, and setting ambitious quantitative targets for women on boards combined with the “Comply or Explain” practise, or quotas, should help remove the so-called glass ceiling. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Review of Switzerland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Switzerland).
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 42
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.25
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Who Are the Doctorate Holders and where Do Their Qualifications Lead Them?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: De nombreux pays ont mis en oeuvre des réformes afin de développer et de soutenir les programmes d’études doctorales et de recherche postdoctorale, soulignant le rôle déterminant des doctorants et titulaires de doctorats en termes de croissance économique, d’innovation et de recherche scientifique. Le nombre de diplômes de recherche de haut niveau délivrés dans les pays de l’OCDE a sensiblement augmenté ces dix dernières années, passant de 158 000 nouveaux doctorats en 2000 à 247 000 en 2012, soit une hausse de 56 %. Un cinquième de ces nouveaux doctorats sont délivrés à des étudiants en mobilité internationale. Malgré l’augmentation de la part des femmes dans les programmes doctoraux ces dix dernières années (tout comme aux autres niveaux d’enseignement), en 2012, elles étaient toujours moins susceptibles que les hommes d’obtenir un diplôme de recherche de haut niveau. En moyenne, les titulaires de diplômes de recherche de haut niveau bénéficient de meilleurs taux d’emploi que les autres diplômés de niveau universitaire (titulaires de licences et masters confondus). Le secteur des entreprises offre aux nouveaux titulaires de doctorats des salaires plus attractifs que l’enseignement supérieur ou le secteur de l’État. Toutefois, les possibilités qui s’offrent à eux varient fortement selon leur domaine d’études.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789264208063
    Language: English
    Pages: 250 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 results vol. 5
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 results
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2012 results ; Vol. V: Creative problem solving
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This fifth volume of PISA 2012 results presents an assessment of student performance in problem solving, which measures students’ capacity to respond to non-routine situations in order to achieve their potential as constructive and reflective citizens. It provides the rationale for assessing problem-solving skills and describes performance within and across countries and economies. In addition, the volume highlights the relative strengths and weaknesses of each school system and examines how they are related to individual student characteristics, such as gender, immigrant background and socio-economic status. The volume also explores the role of education in fostering problem-solving skills.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264208773
    Language: English
    Pages: 560 S.
    Edition: rev. ed.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 results vol. 1
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 results
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats du PISA 2012 ; Savoirs et savoir-faire des élèves (Volume I) ; Performance des élèves en mathématiques, en compréhension de l'écrit et en sciences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2012 Ergebnisse; Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können (Band I, Überarbeitete Ausgabe, Februar 2014); Schülerleistungen in Lesekompetenz, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2012 results ; Vol. I: What students know and can do
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This first volume of PISA 2012 results summarises the performance of students in PISA 2012. It describes how performance is defined, measured and reported, and then provides results from the assessment, showing what students are able to do in mathematics. After a summary of mathematics performance, it examines the ways in which this performance varies on subscales representing different aspects of mathematics literacy. Given that any comparison of the outcomes of education systems needs to take into consideration countries’ social and economic circumstances, and the resources they devote to education, the volume also presents the results within countries’ economic and social contexts. In addition, the volume examines the relationship between the frequency and intensity of students’ exposure to subject content in school, what is known as “opportunity to learn”, and student performance. The volume concludes with a description of student results in reading and science. Trends in student performance in mathematics between 2003 and 2012, in reading between 2000 and 2012, and in science between 2006 and 2012 are examined when comparable data are available. Throughout the volume, case studies examine in greater detail the policy reforms adopted by countries that have improved in PISA.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264201163
    Language: English
    Pages: 520 S.
    Edition: rev. vers.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 results vol. 3
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2012 results
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats de PISA 2012 ; Des élèves prêts à apprendre (Volume III) ; Engagement, motivation et confiance en soi
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2012 results ; Vol. III: Ready to learn
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This third volume of PISA 2012 results explores students’ engagement with and at school, their drive and motivation to succeed, and the beliefs they hold about themselves as mathematics learners. The volume identifies the students who are at particular risk of having low levels of engagement in, and holding negative dispositions towards, school in general and mathematics in particular, and how engagement, drive, motivation and self-beliefs are related to mathematics performance. The volume identifies the roles schools can play in shaping the well-being of students and the role parents can play in promoting their children’s engagement with and dispositions towards learning. Changes in students’ engagement, drive, motivation and self-beliefs between 2003 and 2012, and how those dispositions have changed during the period among particular subgroups of students, notably socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged students, boys and girls, and students at different levels of mathematics proficiency, are examined when comparable data are available. Throughout the volume, case studies examine in greater detail the policy reforms adopted by countries that have improved in PISA.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204126
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Survey of Adult Skills; Reader's Companion
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La révolution technologique amorcée au cours des dernières décennies du XXe siècle a modifié presque toutes les facettes de notre vie au XXIe siècle. Les services de transport et de communication ont gagné en rapidité et en efficacité, et facilitent désormais les déplacements partout dans le monde des personnes, des marchandises, des services et des capitaux, entraînant la mondialisation des économies. Ces mutations sociales et économiques ont, à leur tour, fait évoluer la demande de compétences. Alors que l’automatisation gagne sans cesse le secteur industriel et certaines tâches peu qualifiées, les besoins en aptitudes cognitives routinières et en savoir-faire artisanal vont en diminuant, tandis que les compétences en traitement de l’information et d’autres aptitudes cognitives et compétences interpersonnelles de haut niveau sont toujours plus prisées. L’Évaluation des compétences des adultes, lancée dans le cadre du Programme pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (PIAAC), vise à fournir un nouvel éclairage sur le rôle de certaines de ces compétences clés dans la société et sur leur utilisation dans le cadre privé et professionnel. Elle mesure directement la maîtrise de plusieurs compétences en traitement de l’information : la littératie, la numératie et la résolution de problèmes dans des environnements à forte composante technologique. Accompagnant les Perspectives de l’OCDE sur les compétences 2013 : Premiers résultats de l’Évaluation des compétences des adultes, ce manuel passe en revue la conception et la méthodologie de l’évaluation, et ses relations avec d’autres évaluations internationales menées auprès des jeunes étudiants et des adultes.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Financial education for youth
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finanzwissen ; Schule ; Schüler ; Unterricht ; Jugendliche ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Schüler ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Bildung ; OECD
    Abstract: The importance of financial literacy and specifically the need to promote financial education has been recognised as an important contributor to improved financial inclusion and individuals’ financial well-being as well as a support to financial stability. The relevance of financial education policies is acknowledged at the highest global policy level: in 2012, G20 Leaders endorsed the OECD/INFE High-level Principles on National Strategies for Financial Education that specifically identify youth as one of the priority targets of government policies in this domain. That same year, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers of Finance identified financial literacy as a critical life skill. The publication addresses the challenges linked to the introduction of financial education in schools, and provides practical guidance and case studies to assist policy makers, and a comparative analysis of existing learning frameworks for financial education in the formal school system.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264224902
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (243 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Art for Art's Sake?; The Impact of Arts Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'art pour l'art ? ; L'impact de l'éducation artistique
    Keywords: Education
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264200579
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (115 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La publication Panorama du PISA 2009 a été conçue pour accompagner les Résultats du PISA 2009, le rapport en six volumes du cycle d’enquête 2009 mené par le Programme international de l’OCDE pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA). L’enquête PISA évalue dans quelle mesure les élèves proches de la fin de leur scolarité obligatoire ont acquis certains des savoirs et savoir-faire essentiels à leur pleine participation à nos sociétés modernes. Elle évalue tous les trois ans les compétences de jeunes de 15 ans en compréhension de l’écrit, en mathématiques et en sciences. Panorama du PISA 2009 offre des données facilement accessibles sur certains des grands thèmes analysés dans le rapport complet : savoirs et savoir-faire des élèves, surmonter le milieu social, apprendre à apprendre, et les clés de la réussite des établissements d’enseignement. Chaque thème est présenté sur une double page : celle de gauche explique les tenants et les aboutissants à la fois pour les élèves et pour les pays et économies participants, analyse les principaux résultats et propose au lecteur désireux d’approfondir ce sujet des références à d’autres publications et bases de données de l’OCDE ; celle de droite présente des graphiques et des tableaux clairs et accessibles, assortis d’hyperliens dynamiques (StatLinks) qui redirigent le lecteur vers les données correspondantes au format Excel®. Panorama du PISA 2009 constitue une introduction idéale au PISA et au riche corpus de données comparables au niveau international que collecte l’OCDE dans les domaines de l’éducation et de l’apprentissage.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264298781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (203 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Norwegen ; Education ; Employment ; Norway ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to Norway’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. This diagnostic report identifies 12 skills challenges for Norway which were distilled from a series of interactive diagnostic workshops held in the course of 2013 with a wide range of stakeholders in Oslo, Buskerud County and Nordland County. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Norway draws upon a wide range of OECD comparative data and analysis to illustrate each skills challenge and offers insights from the experience of other countries in tackling similar skills challenges. The first nine skills challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The last three skills challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions which strengthen the overall skills system.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : World Scientific
    ISBN: 9789264215061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Education ; Trade
    Abstract: Education and media services both provide services that embody local cultures, in which there is extensive public sector participation and significant domestic regulation. At the same time, they are dramatically affected by the information and communication technology revolution. The production of information content now involves huge costs in terms of research and development or artistic talent, while the cost of making such products available to other consumers is very low. This in turn challenges the effectiveness of domestic regulation and raises fundamental questions about its purpose, calling for an increased scope for international trade and investment, and the development of supply chains. This book provides readers with a comprehensive and consistent treatment of policy in the higher education and media services sector across a range of Asian economies little studied in the existing literature. It gives an overview of global trends in each area, followed by detailed, country-specific studies. Through comparative work, it identifies common elements across these sectors and highlights critical implications for trade policy.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264205215
    Language: English
    Pages: 368 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Reviews of national policies for education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Secondary education in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Weiterführende Schule ; Kasachstan ; Education ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Sekundarstufe ; Schulreform ; Evaluation
    Abstract: This report evaluates the education reform agenda of Kazakhstan – its feasibility and focus – by taking stock of present-day strengths and weaknesses of the secondary education system. The report also provides guidance on adjusting the reform implementation plans in line with international experiences and best practices regarding educational change, and consolidates much of the previously dispersed (national) data on primary and secondary schools in Kazakhstan into a common analytical base of evidence, validated by the education authorities. Chapter 1 of this report provides an overview of the country, it education system and reform plans. Subsequent chapters provide analysis of and recommendations on equity and effectiveness of schooling; assessment and evaluation practices; policies for teachers and principals; expenditure patterns and financing mechanisms; vocational education and training; and a summary of the recommendations.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264211384
    Language: English
    Pages: 194 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How can mathematics education foster the skills that are appropriate for innovative societies? Mathematics education is heavily emphasised worldwide, nevertheless it is still considered to be a stumbling block for many students. While there is almost a consensus that mathematics problems appropriate for the 21st century should be complex, unfamiliar and non-routine (CUN), most of the textbooks still mainly include routine problems based on the application of ready-made algorithms. The time has come to introduce innovative instructional methods in order to enhance mathematics education and students’ ability to solve CUN tasks. Metacognitive pedagogies can play a key role in this. These pedagogies explicitly train students to “think about their thinking” during learning. They can be used to improve not just academic achievement (content knowledge and understanding, the ability to handle unfamiliar problems etc.) but also affective outcomes such as reduced anxiety or improved motivation. This strong relationship between metacognition and schooling outcomes has implications for the education community and policy makers. This book is designed to assist practitioners, curriculum developers and policy makers alike in preparing today’s students for tomorrow’s world.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. What Are the Earnings Advantages from Education?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: What Are the Earnings Advantages from Education?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’augmentation du nombre de diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire ne semble pas avoir entraîné de phénomène d’« inflation » susceptible d’éroder la valeur de ce diplôme sur le marché du travail. Toutefois, les diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire bénéficient de l’avantage le plus élevé en termes de revenus du travail relatifs lorsqu’ils vivent dans un pays où les diplômés de ce niveau d’enseignement sont peu nombreux. En moyenne, par comparaison avec les revenus du travail des adultes diplômés du deuxième cycle du secondaire, les adultes diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaire gagnent environ 1.6 fois plus, tandis que les adultes dont le niveau de formation est inférieur au deuxième cycle du secondaire gagnent 24 % de moins. L’élévation du niveau de formation et du niveau de compétence en littératie entraîne une augmentation des revenus ; toutefois, cet avantage est plus marqué pour les hommes que pour les femmes, et semble s’accroître avec l’âge. La crise a creusé les écarts de revenus entre les moins instruits et les plus instruits : dans les pays de l’OCDE, la différence moyenne de revenus du travail entre ces deux groupes est passée de 75 points de pourcentage en 2008 à 79 points de pourcentage en 2012. Les diplômes sont plus reconnus que les compétences : l’élévation du niveau de formation a un impact positif plus fort sur les revenus du travail que l’élévation du niveau de compétence en littératie.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.46
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les devoirs entretiennent-ils les inégalités en matière d'éducation ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Les devoirs entretiennent-ils les inégalités en matière d'éducation ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: While most 15-year-old students spend part of their after-school time doing homework, the amount of time they spend on it shrank between 2003 and 2012. Socio-economically advantaged students and students who attend socio-economically advantaged schools tend to spend more time doing homework. While the amount of homework assigned is associated with mathematics performance among students and schools, other factors are more important in determining the performance of school systems as a whole.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.111
    Keywords: Education ; Poland
    Abstract: This case study explores the strategies, processes and outcomes of an education reform in Poland which was introduced in 2009 and substantively changed the school inspection system. Its analysis looks in particular at the co-operation between the central and the local level throughout the implementation of the programme. In order to address the shortcomings of the prior inspection system, the reform combined internal and external evaluation in school supervision practice and put greater emphasis on collaboration among stakeholders. The results of the analysis show that the reform has had a great impact on the organisation of inspectorates, introducing modern principles such as teamwork and self-evaluation. Also, it affected the attitudes of important actors in the education system regarding the relevance of data to support internal and external school evaluation. The overall goals and aims of the reform gained the support of the various stakeholders. However, the implementation and communication processes were seen as deficient, especially in terms of a lack of capacity to roll out the reform as well as a lack of trust/disbelief that evaluation can be used for improvement, rather than the expected punitive purposes. Nevertheless, the reform achieved first structural steps towards building a culture of self-evaluation, which had thus far not been part of the Polish education system.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.46
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Does Homework Perpetuate Inequities in Education?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Does Homework Perpetuate Inequities in Education?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Si après leur journée d’école, la plupart des élèves de 15 ans consacrent une partie de leur temps à faire leurs devoirs, ce temps a néanmoins diminué entre 2003 et 2012. Les élèves issus d’un milieu socio-économique favorisé et ceux qui fréquentent un établissement favorisé sur le plan socio-économique consacrent en général davantage de temps aux devoirs. La quantité de devoirs donnés aux élèves est associée à la performance en mathématiques des élèves et des établissements, mais d’autres facteurs influent davantage sur la performance globale des systèmes d’éducation.
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  • 58
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.39
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Are Grouping and Selecting Students for Different Schools Related to Students' Motivation to Learn?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: En moyenne, dans les pays de l’OCDE, les élèves qui font preuve d’une forte motivation à l’égard de l’apprentissage des mathématiques car ils pensent que cela leur sera utile par la suite obtiennent de meilleurs résultats dans cette matière – dans une mesure équivalant à une demi-année de scolarité – que les élèves qui ne sont pas très motivés. La motivation des élèves à l’égard de l’apprentissage des mathématiques est moindre dans les systèmes d’éducation qui pratiquent la sélection et le regroupement des élèves dans différents établissements d’enseignement et/ou filières.
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  • 59
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.38
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Are 15-Year-Olds Creative Problem-solvers?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Pour réussir la première évaluation PISA des compétences créatives en résolution de problèmes, les élèves doivent se montrer ouverts à la nouveauté, accepter le doute et l’incertitude, et oser utiliser leur intuition pour amorcer une solution. Le simple fait qu’un élève obtienne de bons résultats dans les matières scolaires fondamentales ne garantit pas sa bonne performance en résolution de problèmes. En Australie, au Brésil, en Corée, aux États-Unis, en Italie, au Japon, à Macao (Chine), en Angleterre (Royaume Uni) et en Serbie, les élèves affichent un niveau de compétence en résolution de problèmes significativement plus élevé, en moyenne, que celui des élèves d’autres pays dont la performance en compréhension de l’écrit, en mathématiques et en sciences est similaire. Parmi les participants du PISA les plus performants en résolution de problèmes figurent de nombreux pays et économies d’Asie, où les élèves font preuve d’un niveau élevé de compétences de raisonnement et de capacités d’apprentissage autodirigé. D’un autre côté, par comparaison avec des élèves présentant un niveau similaire de performance globale, les élèves du Brésil, de Corée, des Etats Unis et d’Irlande obtiennent les meilleurs résultats en résolution de problèmes interactifs, qui demandent aux élèves d’explorer la situation du problème afin de trouver des informations pertinentes et d’adapter leur stratégie en fonction des informations qu’ils découvrent à mesure qu’ils avancent dans la résolution.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: L'enseignement à la loupe no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What Helps Teachers Feel Valued and Satisfied with their Jobs?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’édition 2013 de l’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (TALIS), moins d’un enseignant sur trois estime que sa profession est valorisée dans la société. Néanmoins, dans tous les pays participants, la grande majorité des enseignants sont satisfaits de leur emploi. Pour les enseignants, le travail avec des classes difficiles présentant une proportion importante d’élèves ayant des problèmes de comportement, et le sentiment que l’évaluation de leur travail et les commentaires qui leur en sont faits constituent un exercice purement administratif, comptent parmi les facteurs qui tendent à réduire leur satisfaction professionnelle. D’un autre côté, la collaboration entre enseignants et la bonne qualité des relations enseignant-élèves sont autant d’autres facteurs pouvant renforcer la satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Education Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Education Database : ISCED-97, Dépenses par nature et catégorie de ressource (Édition 2014)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This dataset includes data on expenditure on education by public institutions, government-dependent private institutions and independent private institutions, intending to represent the total cost of services provided regardless of whether the source is public or private. Expenditure is broken down by country into capital and current expenditure, comprising compensation of personnel and expenditure on other (non-personnel) resources. Data are categorised by education level and orientation and available from 1985 onwards.
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  • 62
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques de l'OCDE sur l'éducation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Education Database: ISCED-97, Expenditure by nature and resource category (Edition 2014)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Cette base de données contient des données relatives à la distribution des dépenses d'éducation par pays, années, niveau d'éducation, fournisseur de service, et nature de dépense.
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  • 63
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Statistiques de l'OCDE sur l'éducation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Education Database: ISCED-97, Expenditure by funding source and transaction type (Edition 2014)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Cette base de données contient des données relatives à la distribution des dépenses d'éducation par pays, années, niveau d'éducation, sources de financement, et type de transaction.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Education Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Education Database : ISCED-97, Dépenses par source de financement et type de transaction (Édition 2014)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This dataset includes data on expenditure on education by country, funding source (government, private or household expenditure) and transaction type (direct expenditure, financial aid and transfers). Data are categorised by level of education and educational programme, from 1985 onwards.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.100
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Higher education plays an important role in providing people with skills for innovation, but a number of important questions remain as to what kind of higher education teaching can be conducive to the strengthening of skills for innovation. This report aims to shed light on this issue by reviewing the current evidence on the effectiveness of problem-based learning compared with more traditional approaches in higher education teaching. It explores the extent to which problem-based learning can be an effective way to develop different discipline-specific and transferable skills for innovation. Research, primarily from the field of medicine, shows that problem-based learning appears to be beneficial in fostering certain aspects of skills for innovation. In addition, the report explores the literature on direct teaching behaviours that may help foster student learning in more traditional teaching settings. Despite the promising evidence linking problem-based learning and effective teaching in higher education to certain aspects of skills for innovation, more work is needed in this area. There is strong potential for further research to provide additional important insights into the development of skills for innovation.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.37
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Do Students Have the Drive to Succeed?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Lorsque les élèves pensent que les efforts qu’ils fournissent pour apprendre peuvent faire la différence, ils obtiennent des résultats significativement plus élevés en mathématiques. Le fait que dans la plupart des pays, d’importants pourcentages d’élèves pensent que la réussite scolaire est principalement le fruit d’un travail assidu, plutôt que de capacités intellectuelles héréditaires, laisse penser que l’éducation et son contexte social peuvent jouer un rôle déterminant dans la transmission de valeurs qui encouragent la réussite. L’utilisation par les enseignants de stratégies d’activation cognitive, telles que le fait de donner aux élèves des problèmes qui nécessitent une longue réflexion de leur part ou des problèmes pour lesquels la méthode de résolution n’apparaît pas immédiatement, et d’aider les élèves à apprendre de leurs erreurs, est en corrélation avec l’engagement des élèves. Les élèves auxquels les enseignants fixent des objectifs clairs d’apprentissage et apportent un retour d’information sur leur performance en mathématiques tendent également à faire part d’un niveau plus élevé de persévérance et d’ouverture à l’égard de la résolution de problèmes.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.20
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quel âge ont les enseignants ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: More than one-third of male primary school teachers in OECD countries are now over 50 years old. Across OECD countries, the average age of secondary school teachers has increased by one month every year in the last decade. Only a few countries have managed to develop policies which lower the average age of teachers significantly. Increasing the numbers of female teachers no longer lowers the average age, as the female teaching workforce is ageing faster than its male counterpart.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.42
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Concurrence entre les établissements d'enseignement : Quand est-elle bénéfique ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In most school systems, over 50% of 15-year-olds students attend schools that compete with another school to attract students from the same residential area. Across countries and economies, performance is unrelated to whether or not schools have to compete for students. When choosing a school for their children, parents look at a range of criteria; for disadvantaged parents, cost-related factors often weigh as much as, if not more than, the factors related to the quality of instruction. School systems with low levels of competition among schools often have high levels of social inclusion, meaning that students from diverse social backgrounds attend the same schools. In contrast, in systems where parents can choose schools, and schools compete for enrolment, schools are often more socially segregated.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1144
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Women's Role in the Swiss Economy
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Switzerland
    Abstract: En Suisse, les femmes ont désormais un niveau de formation égal à celui des hommes. Néanmoins, des progrès restent à accomplir sur le marché du travail où l’offre de main-d’oeuvre féminine et sa rémunération sont inférieures à celles des hommes. Le taux d’activité des femmes est élevé et ne cesse de croître, ce qui est contrebalancé toutefois par une forte incidence du travail à temps partiel, reflet de préférences individuelles et de facteurs qui restreignent le travail des femmes. L’insuffisance et le coût élevé des solutions de garde d’enfants, conjugués à un taux marginal d’imposition important pour les deuxièmes pourvoyeurs de revenus, dissuadent les femmes de travailler plus. L’écart net (c’est-à-dire inexpliqué) de rémunération de 7 % environ en faveur des hommes, persistant quoique en baisse, ainsi que la non-représentation des femmes parmi les dirigeants et chefs d’entreprise n’incite pas non plus ces dernières à tirer pleinement profit de leur niveau de formation élevé. Il faut donc éliminer ces obstacles en priorité, en augmentant les dépenses publiques consacrées aux structures de garde d’enfants et d’accueil parascolaire à l’échelon des cantons et des communes. Il faudrait aussi étudier la réglementation existante relative aux services de garde d’enfants pour voir s’il est possible d’élargir la gamme des prestations offertes, en termes de rapport qualité-prix. Il convient également de supprimer l’effet pénalisant implicite du mariage sur le plan fiscal, comme cela est actuellement envisagé par le Conseil fédéral. Une plus grande flexibilité dans l’aménagement du temps de travail pourrait également permettre aux femmes de réduire le coût de la conciliation entre travail et vie de famille. Ainsi, offrir aux femmes comme aux hommes la possibilité d’opter plus facilement pour des solutions comme les horaires de travail flexibles, l’annualisation des horaires, le partage de poste, le temps partiel ou le télétravail, et instituer un congé paternité et/ou un congé parental consécutif unique et non transférable pourraient aider les femmes à intégrer le marché du travail et à en sortir plus aisément. Le renforcement de la concurrence sur les marchés de produits devrait contribuer à combler l’écart de rémunération entre hommes et femmes, en remplaçant notamment certaines pratiques discriminatoires par la recherche des meilleurs talents, indépendamment du sexe. Enfin, un code de gouvernement d’entreprise en faveur d’une représentation plus égalitaire des femmes aux postes de direction et la fixation d’objectifs ambitieux pour accroître la proportion de femmes dans les conseils d’administrations, conjugués à l’adoption de la pratique « appliquer ou expliquer », ou encore l’instauration de quotas, devraient contribuer à la disparition du « plafond de verre ». Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Suisse 2013 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/Suisse).
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  • 70
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How Much Time Do Primary and Lower Secondary Students Spend in the Classroom?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, les élèves sont censés suivre un total de 7 751 heures d’instruction, en moyenne, durant leur scolarité dans le primaire et le premier cycle du secondaire ; la majeure partie de ce temps d’instruction est obligatoire. En règle générale, le nombre annuel d’heures d’instruction augmente avec le niveau d’enseignement. La lecture, les mathématiques et les sciences représentent environ 50 % du temps d’instruction obligatoire dans le primaire, contre seulement 40 % dans le premier cycle du secondaire. La forte variation du temps d’instruction entre les pays de l’OCDE laisse penser qu’on est loin d’avoir trouvé un consensus concernant les politiques les plus efficaces en matière de temps scolaire.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les pays dont la performance moyenne est élevée dans l'enquête PISA conservent-ils leur avance une fois leurs élèves devenus adultes ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Countries where 15-year-old students perform at high standards internationally tend to be the same countries where these young adults tend to perform well at the age of 26 to 28. School systems need to ensure that their students perform at a high level by the time they complete compulsory schooling and that these skills are maintained and further developed thereafter.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.39
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Existe-t-il un lien entre le regroupement et la sélection des élèves et leur motivation à l'égard de l'apprentissage ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: On average across OECD countries, students who are highly motivated to learn mathematics because they believe it will help them later on score better in mathematics – by the equivalent of half a year of schooling – than students who are not highly motivated. Students’ motivation to learn mathematics is lower in education systems that sort and group students into different schools and/or programmes.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.108
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Trust is indispensable for social and economic relations; it is the glue that holds organisations together and appears to work somehow mysteriously. Overall, trust is a ubiquitous ingredient in policymaking and implementation across many governance systems including education, whether it concerns accountability mechanisms, capacity building or strategic thinking. Yet our understanding, conceptualisation and measurement of these issues remain limited. This working paper asks the question: what is trust and how does it matter for governance, especially in education systems? It explores why trust is key for policymaking and where it fits within current governance issues. The paper examines different definitions of trust, presents various ways of measuring trust and discusses some of their benefits and limitations. It proposes a definition of trust made up of three parts: trust as an expectation, a willingness to be vulnerable and a risk-taking act. The paper then presents a simple model of trust and governance and reviews the relationship between trust and different elements in education systems, such as complexity, asymmetries in information and power, collaboration/cooperation, monitoring and accountability, and professionalisation. It concludes with some policy findings and identifies several research gaps.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.43
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Are Disadvantaged Students more Likely to Repeat Grades?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, un élève sur huit a déjà redoublé au moins une fois avant l’âge de 15 ans. De nombreux pays ont réduit leurs taux de redoublement entre 2003 et 2012. Un élève défavorisé de 15 ans sur cinq a déjà redoublé. Même à niveau scolaire similaire, les élèves défavorisés sont 1.5 fois plus susceptibles de redoubler que les élèves favorisés.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.22
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Combien de temps les élèves du primaire et du premier cycle du secondaire passent-ils en classe ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Students in OECD countries are expected to receive a total of 7 751 hours of instruction on average during their primary and lower secondary education – the bulk of that time is compulsory. In general, the higher the level of education, the greater the number of instruction hours a year. Reading, mathematics and science take up around 50% of the compulsory curricular time in primary education but only 40% at the lower secondary level. The wide variation in instruction hours across OECD countries suggests there is little consensus on the most effective policies related to school time.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.43
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les élèves défavorisés sont-ils plus susceptibles de redoubler ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: One in eight students across OECD countries has repeated a grade at least once before the age of 15. Many countries reduced the rate of grade repetition between 2003 and 2012. One in five disadvantaged 15-year-olds has repeated a grade. Even among students with similar academic performance, the likelihood of repeating a grade is one-and-a-half times greater for disadvantaged students than for advantaged students.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.95
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Many international comparisons of education over the past 50 years have included some measure of students’ opportunity to learn (OTL) in their schooling. Results have typically confirmed the common sense notion that a student’s exposure in school to the assessed concepts, operationalized in some sort of time metric, is related to what the student has learned as measured by the assessment. What has not been demonstrated is a connection between the specifics of what students have encountered through schooling and their performance on any sort of applied knowledge assessment such as PISA. This paper explores this issue in 2012 PISA which, for the first time, included several OTL items on the student survey. OTL demonstrated a significant relationship with student performance on both the main paper-and-pencil literacy assessment as well as the optional computer-based assessment at all three levels – country, school and student. In every country at least one if not all three of the constructed OTL indices – exposure to word problems, formal mathematics topics, and applied mathematics problems – demonstrated a significant relationship to the overall PISA measure of mathematics literacy as well as the four sub areas of change and relationships, shapes and space, quantity, and uncertainty and data. Additionally, results indicated that variability in OTL was related to student performance having implications for equality of opportunity.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Que choisissent d'étudier les nouveaux inscrits de l'enseignement tertiaire ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The social sciences are the most popular field for non-vocational tertiary education programmes. One in three new students choose a programme in social sciences, business and law. Gender equality has been virtually achieved in many fields of study, especially in social sciences and services but significant gender differences persist in computing and engineering (maledominated) and in health and welfare and education (female-dominated). Almost one in four international students in OECD countries follow programmes in the field of business and administration (23%). The proportion of international students from fields oriented to the public function such as education (3%) or health and welfare (9%) is lower on average.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.102
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper describes key aspects of the frameworks for the assessment of adult numeracy and mathematical literacy in PIAAC and PISA, which are OECD two flagship programs for international comparative assessment of competencies. The paper examines commonalities and differences in how the constructs of adult numeracy and mathematical literacy were assessed in PIAAC and PISA, and sketches selected challenges associated with interpretation of results from these surveys.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.44
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Équité de l'affectation des ressources : Quels liens avec la performance des élèves ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: How educational resources are allocated is just as important as the amount of resources available. High-performing countries and economies tend to allocate resources more equitably across socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged schools. Among the countries with better-resourced schools, as reported by principals, equity in resource allocation is not related to the overall quality of resources.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.40
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Does Pre-primary Education Reach Those Who Need it Most?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: La préscolarisation est associée à de meilleures performances pour les élèves lors de la poursuite de leur scolarité. En 2012, les élèves de 15 ans étaient plus susceptibles que ne l’étaient leurs aînés en 2003 d’indiquer avoir été préscolarisés pendant au moins un an. L’écart de taux de préscolarisation se creuse entre les élèves issus d’un milieu socio economique favorisé et ceux issus d’un milieu socio-économique défavorisé.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: L'enseignement à la loupe no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe School Improvement Through Strong Leadership
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Selon l’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (TALIS) de l’OCDE, en moyenne, les chefs d’établissement indiquent se livrer fréquemment à un certain nombre d’activités en rapport avec l’encadrement pédagogique. Ce n’est toutefois pas le cas dans tous les pays et un pourcentage important de chefs d’établissement déclarent que leur formation initiale n’incluait aucune formation à l’encadrement pédagogique. Bien que la formation continue puisse aider à pallier ces manques, de nombreux chefs d’établissement font état de différents obstacles à leur participation à ce type de formation, notamment un manque de soutien et de possibilités, ainsi que des obstacles d’ordre personnel et professionnel.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.26
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'envie d'apprendre vient en apprenant : Participation des adultes à la formation tout au long de la vie
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, participation rates in adult education and learning are over 60%, but they are one-third – or below – in Italy, the Russian Federation and the Slovak Republic. The more highly educated adults are, the more likely they are to continue with adult education and learning: about 70% of adults with a tertiary qualification participated, compared with just 27% among adults who did not complete upper secondary education. Employed adults are more likely to participate in adult education and learning: in half of the countries, the difference in participation between employed and unemployed individuals is more than 15 percentage points. Motivation encourages participation in adult education and learning: countries where a significant proportion of adults express a desire for more education also show the highest levels of participation.
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  • 84
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Do Countries with High Mean Performance in PISA Maintain their Lead as Students Age?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les pays où les élèves de 15 ans affichent des performances élevées en termes de comparaisons internationales sont en général les mêmes pays où ces élèves, une fois devenus jeunes adultes, tendent à obtenir de bonnes performances entre 26 et 28 ans. Les systèmes d’éducation doivent s’assurer que leurs élèves ont un bon niveau de compétence lorsqu’ils arrivent au terme de leur scolarité obligatoire et que ces compétences continuent par la suite à être entretenues et développées.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.38
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trouver des solutions créatives : Quelles sont les compétences des jeunes de 15 ans en résolution de problèmes ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: To do well on PISA’s first assessment of creative problem-solving skills, students need to be open to novelty, tolerate doubt and uncertainty, and dare to use intuition to initiate a solution. Just because a student performs well in core school subjects doesn’t mean he or she is proficient in problem solving. In Australia, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Korea, Macao China, Serbia, England (United Kingdom) and the United States, students perform significantly better in problem solving, on average, than students in other countries who show similar performance in reading, mathematics and science. Many of the best performers in problem solving are Asian countries and economies, where students demonstrate high levels of reasoning skills and self-directed learning. Meanwhile, compared to students of similar overall performance, students in Brazil, Ireland, Korea and the United States perform strongest on interactive problems that require students to uncover useful information by exploring the problem situation and gather feedback on the effect of their actions.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA à la loupe no.41
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Do 15-year-olds Know How to Manage Money?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: En moyenne, dans les 13 pays et économies de l’OCDE qui ont participé à l’évaluation PISA de la culture financière, 10 % des élèves sont capables d’analyser des produits financiers complexes et de résoudre des problèmes financiers qui sortent de l’ordinaire, tandis que 15 % des élèves peuvent au mieux prendre des décisions simples concernant des dépenses quotidiennes et identifier l’objet de documents financiers courants, comme des factures. Dans 17 des 18 pays et économies participants, garçons et filles font preuve d’un niveau similaire de compétence en culture financière. Toutefois, parmi les élèves dont la performance est comparable en mathématiques et en compréhension de l’écrit, les garçons obtiennent de meilleurs scores en culture financière que les filles dans 11 des 18 pays et économies participants.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.19
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe What Are Tertiary Students Choosing to Study?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les sciences sociales sont le domaine d’études le plus prisé dans les formations tertiaires non professionnelles. Un nouvel inscrit sur trois y choisit une formation en sciences sociales, commerce ou droit. L’égalité entre les sexes est presque acquise dans la plupart des domaines d’études, notamment dans le domaine des sciences sociales et des services ; toutefois, d’importants écarts subsistent entre hommes et femmes dans les domaines de l’informatique et de l’ingénierie (à dominante masculine), et de la santé, de la protection sociale et de l’éducation (à dominante féminine). Dans les pays de l’OCDE, près d’un étudiant en mobilité internationale sur quatre suit une formation dans le domaine du commerce et de l’administration (23 %). Le pourcentage d’étudiants en mobilité internationale est plus faible, en général, dans les domaines débouchant sur les professions de la fonction publique, tels que l’éducation (3 %) ou la santé et la protection sociale (9 %).
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.36
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La profession des parents a-t-elle un impact sur la performance des élèves ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Students whose parents work in professional occupations generally outperform other students in mathematics, while students whose parents work in elementary occupations tend to underachieve compared to their peers. The strength of the relationship between parents’ occupations and student performance varies considerably across countries: for example, when it comes to mathematics performance, the children of cleaners in Shanghai-China outperform the children of professionals in the United States, and the children of professionals in Germany outperform the children of professionals in Finland, on average. Finland and Japan achieve high levels of performance by ensuring that the children of parents who work in elementary occupations are given the same education opportunities and the same encouragement as the children of professionals.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1143
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Overcoming Skills Shortages in Canada
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Canada
    Abstract: Les pénuries de compétences ont progressé dans certains secteurs et régions au cours des dernières années. L’avantage salarial s’accroît dans certaines professions, notamment la santé, l’ingénierie et les métiers spécialisés. Et les taux de postes vacants augmentent également dans les métiers spécialisés, en particulier en Alberta et dans la Saskatchewan. Des réformes ont été mises en oeuvre pour renforcer le processus d’ajustement afin de combler ces pénuries, mais il est possible d’aller plus loin en améliorant l’information sur le marché du travail, en renforçant la réactivité du système d’enseignement et de formation et du système d’immigration face aux attentes du marché du travail, et en réduisant les obstacles à la mobilité interprovinciale de la main-d’oeuvre. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE du Canada 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-canada.htm).
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.41
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gestion de l'argent : Que savent les élèves de 15 ans ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: On average across the 13 OECD countries and economies that participated in the PISA financial literacy assessment, 10% of students can analyse complex financial products and solve non-routine financial problems, while 15% can, at best, make simple decisions about everyday spending, and recognise the purpose of everyday financial documents, such as an invoice. In 17 out of the 18 participating countries and economies, boys and girls show similar skills in financial literacy. However, among students with comparable performance in mathematics and reading, boys perform better than girls in financial literacy in 11 out of 18 countries and economies.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Valorisation et satisfaction professionnelles : Qu'est-ce qui aide les enseignants ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Less than one in three teachers across countries participating in the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013 believes that the teaching profession is valued by society. Nevertheless, the great majority of teachers in all surveyed countries are happy with their jobs. Challenging classrooms with large proportions of students with behavioural problems and the perception that appraisals and feedback are done simply as administrative tasks are among factors that tend to lower job satisfaction. Collaboration between teachers and positive teacher-student relationships, on the other hand, are among factors that can boost teacher job satisfaction.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Education Indicators in Focus no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe À quel âge les étudiants obtiennent-ils leur premier diplôme universitaire ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, the median age students first graduated from university fell by 6 months between 2005 and 2011. The median age of first graduation ranges from around 22 in Belgium and the United Kingdom to over 27 in Iceland and Israel. The percentage of part-time students has increased from 19.8% in 2005 to 22.0% in 2011, suggesting that more flexible routes between study and work are slowly becoming more widespread. The percentage of older students (aged 30 and over) entering universities has remained constant at around 10%-11% on average between 2005 and 2011.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.106
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Recent demographic, economic and political trends have placed the issue of school size at the heart of school effectiveness and efficiency discussions. The subject of school size is particularly salient in remote and rural areas where the viability of small schools has been questioned. In spite of the relevance of school size policies, the literature on this issue is quite fragmented with few studies taking a comprehensive view on the implications of school size policies. This literature review attempts to bridge different strands of relevant research and describes existing country practices in order to provide a broader picture of the benefits and costs associated with different school sizes. The paper describes the different trends that have affected school enrolment and how different countries have managed school size policies, with a particular focus on school consolidation. It discusses the consequences of school consolidation and the alternatives to consolidation when schools are facing declining enrolment. It also reviews the different mechanisms through which school size affects the quality and efficiency of schools, and the existing empirical evidence on these effects.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe At What Age Do University Students Earn Their First Degree?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, l’âge médian d’obtention du premier diplôme universitaire a baissé de 6 mois entre 2005 et 2011. L’âge médian d’obtention du premier diplôme universitaire va d’environ 22 ans en Belgique et au Royaume-Uni, à plus de 27 ans en Islande et en Israël. Le pourcentage d’étudiants à temps partiel est passé de 19.8 % en 2005 à 22.0 % en 2011, suggérant que le choix de parcours plus flexibles entre études et travail prend progressivement de l’ampleur. Le pourcentage de nouveaux inscrits à l’université âgés de 30 ans ou plus est resté stable entre 2005 et 2011, s’établissant à environ 10 %-11 % en moyenne.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Les indicateurs de l'éducation à la loupe no.20
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How Old Are the Teachers?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, plus d’un tiers des hommes enseignant dans le primaire ont désormais plus de 50 ans. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, l’âge moyen des enseignants du secondaire a augmenté d’un mois chaque année au cours des dix dernières années. Seuls quelques pays ont réussi à mettre en place des politiques à même d’abaisser de façon significative la moyenne d’âge des enseignants. L’augmentation du nombre de femmes dans le corps enseignant n’entraîne plus la baisse de l’âge moyen de ce dernier, la moyenne d’âge des enseignantes augmentant à rythme plus soutenu que celle des enseignants.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.7
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Une direction solide pour de meilleurs établissements
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: According to the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), principals, on average, report frequently engaging in a number of activities that are consistent with instructional leadership. However, this is not the case in every country and large proportions of them report that their training did not include any instructional leadership training or course. Although continuous professional development could help fill those gaps, many school leaders report a number of obstacles preventing them from taking part in such learning, including a lack of support and opportunities, and personal and professional obstacles.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.105
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A country’s level of human capital – the knowledge and skills in the population – has a strong bearing on its economic potential for growth and prosperity. On the other hand, its level of social inequality might prevent prosperity to be shared in equitable ways across the population. This papers looks at the relationship between the distribution of numeracy skills in the population to measures of economic prosperity (per capita GDP) and social inequality (Gini coefficient). Country-level correlations between various measures of the skills dispersion and these two indicators are presented. The correlations suggest that a higher numeracy skills dispersion is related to higher social inequality. A higher share of low-skilled adults relates positively with greater social inequality, while a higher share of high-skilled adults seems to be related with higher levels of economic output.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.110
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: IQ tests and achievement tests do not capture non-cognitive skills — personality traits, goals, character and motivations that are valued in the labour market, in school and elsewhere. For many outcomes, their predictive power rivals or exceeds that of cognitive skills. Skills are stable across situations with different incentives. Skills are not immutable over the life cycle. While they have a genetic basis they are also shaped by environments, including families, schools and peers. Skill development is a dynamic process. The early years are important in shaping all skills and in laying the foundations for successful investment and intervention in the later years. During the early years, both cognitive and non-cognitive skills are highly malleable. During the adolescent years, non-cognitive skills are more malleable than cognitive skills. The differential plasticity of different skills by age has important implications for the design of effective policies.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.103
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper evaluates measurement invariance of complex scales from a social survey using both a continuous approach and a categorical approach to help inform future decisions in choosing the most appropriate methods to perform the validation of complex scales. In particular, continuous and categorical approaches are compared for constructing and validating 11 complex scales across 23 countries participating in the first round of the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). Two invariance testing approaches were compared – 1) continuous multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis; 2) categorical multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. Latent variable modelling was employed to account for the complex structure of the relationships between many items in each scale. The performance of the models is reported and illustrated based on the evaluation of the level of measurement invariance. All of the scales established configural and metric levels of invariance from both approaches, and three scales established scalar invariance from the categorical approach, allowing for a meaningful mean score comparison across countries. Limitations of the models compared in this study and future considerations for construction and validation of scaling complex scales are discussed.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: PISA in Focus no.37
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Réussite : les élèves sont-ils motivés ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: When students believe that investing effort in learning will make a difference, they score significantly higher in mathematics. The fact that large proportions of students in most countries consistently believe that student achievement is mainly a product of hard work, rather than inherited intelligence, suggests that education and its social context can make a difference in instilling values that foster success in education. Teachers’ use of cognitive-activation strategies, such as giving students problems that require them to think for an extended time, presenting problems for which there is no immediately obvious way of arriving at a solution, and helping students to learn from their mistakes, is associated with students’ drive. Students whose teachers set clear goals for learning and offer feedback on their performance in mathematics also tend to report higher levels of perseverance and openness to problem solving.
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