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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (106)
  • KOBV  (16)
  • Paris : OECD  (121)
  • Finance and Investment  (63)
  • OECD  (58)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing and employment policies : = Vieillissement et politiques de l'emploi (2003-)
    Paris : OECD
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    Language: English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Ageing and employment policies
    Former Title: 2.2003 Hauptsacht. franz.. - 2.2003 Parallelsacht. engl.
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are students smart about money? (2020)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264728455
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (247 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: PISA 2018 results / OECD volume 4
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2018 results
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2018 results ; volume 4: Are students smart about money?
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Education ; Finance and Investment ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning outcomes attained around the world, and allow educators and policy makers to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. This is one of six volumes that present the results of the PISA 2018 survey, the seventh round of the triennial assessment. Volume IV, Are Students Smart about Money?, examines 15-year-old students’ understanding about money matters in the 20 countries and economies that participated in this optional assessment.
    DOI: 10.1787/48ebd1ba-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increasing adult learning participation : learning from successful reforms (2020)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264512221 , 9789264409750 , 9789264609976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Increasing adult learning participation
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Austria ; Estonia ; Hungary ; Italy ; Netherlands ; Singapore ; OECD ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Abstract: Countries need to urgently scale-up and upgrade their adult learning systems to help people adapt to the future world of work. Today, only two in five adults across the EU and OECD participate in education and training in any given year, according to the OECD Survey of Adults Skills. Participation is even lower among disadvantaged adults, such as those with low skill levels or in jobs at high risk of automation. For adult learning systems to be future-ready, governments must increase their efforts to engage more adults in continuous learning throughout their lives. While much has been written about the need for progress, it is less clear how adult learning participation can be increased in practice. Many good ideas struggle to translate into real change on the ground, as they get stuck in the reality of policy implementation. This report aims to understand the factors that make adult learning reforms succeed. It identifies lessons from six countries that have significantly increased participation over the past decades: Austria, Estonia, Italy, Hungary, the Netherlands and Singapore. To shed light on how these countries achieved this objective, this study looks at the details of reform design, implementation and evaluation.
    DOI: 10.1787/cf5d9c21-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In-depth Analysis and Recommendations (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302549
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Multi-Dimensional Review of Panama volume 2
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Series Statement: Multi-dimensional review of Panama
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; Volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; Volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Keywords: Panama Economic conditions ; Panama Economic policy ; Congresses ; Panama Social conditions ; Congresses ; Panama Economic policy ; Electronic books ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Development ; Economics ; Panama
    Abstract: Panama has achieved socio-economic improvements in recent decades thanks to strong economic growth and consequent poverty reduction. Its growth model is characterised by a dual economy in which a small number of activities, including those related to the Canal and Special Economic Zones, have exhibited high productivity growth but limited job creation. Panama should now embark on a new reform agenda to become a sustainable and inclusive high-income country. This report urges greater productivity in sectors that contribute to job formalisation to reduce disparities in income and among regions. As developing these policies requires further resources, taxation system and private sector involvement through public-private partnerships should also be reinforced. Focusing on skills and jobs, regional development and development financing, the volume provides analysis and recommendations on three areas which are key for Panama.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302549-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The role of public debt managers in contingent liability management (2017)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on sovereign borrowing and public debt management no. 8
    Keywords: government insurance programmes ; fiscal risk ; contingent liabilities ; public private partnerships ; public debt management ; government credit guarantees ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Contingent liabilities are major sources of fiscal risks due to the uncertain financial commitments they involve. Their effective management, therefore, is essential for increasing stability and predictability in public finance. This paper explores the role of public debt managers in contingent liability management based on the results of a background OECD survey and the information provided by seven task force countries. The results indicate that there are certain roles and responsibilities assumed by the public debt managers in this field, while the degree of involvement differs widely across countries. We also observed that the debt management offices’ (DMOs) involvement is more prominent in the management of government credit guarantees, while contingent liabilities arising from Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and government sponsored insurance programmes appear to be outside the domain of public debt managers in most cases. Drawing on leading country practices and lessons from the past, this paper advises public debt managers on possible motives and areas of involvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/93469058-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development co-operation for private sector development : analytical framework and measuring official development finance (2017)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 32
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.32
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Privatwirtschaft ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This Working Paper provides an analytical framework of development co-operation for private sector development (PSD) and a measurement to capture relevant Official Development Finance (ODF). PSD is defined as development co-operation which addresses relevant policies and institutions, market functioning and enterprise resources. It aims to improve the investment climate and productive capacity of the local private sector—particularly of small- and medium-sized enterprises—including through developing physical infrastructure. The analysis shows that development partners disbursed roughly a third of total ODF each on helping improve the investment climate, productive capacity, and physical infrastructure. For the investment climate, large amounts were allocated to macro-economic stability and public governance. To boost productive capacity, support to financial services – particularly to commercial banks that on-lend to SMEs and investments in equity funds – was particularly high. Finally, for physical infrastructure, about half the ODF went to transport, particularly roads, and a third to energy.
    DOI: 10.1787/ded2028f-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emerging providers' international co-operation for development (2017)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 33
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.33
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Transparenz ; Schwellenländer ; Südafrika ; China ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper shows that development co-operation from emerging providers – i.e. countries beyond the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) – significantly increased in recent years, reaching 17% of total global development co-operation in 2014. It also presents a rough estimate, of USD 300 billion, of broader international co-operation by emerging providers and it sets out what types of instruments are used to provide this broader international co-operation. Very little is known about broader international co-operation by emerging providers and the scarce information that is available on different countries cannot be compared. This paper concludes that more information on, and a global measure of, international co-operation for development are needed to enable developing countries to manage the external support they receive and to enable further analysis of the increasingly important role that emerging providers play in developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/15d6a3c7-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    OECD factbook : economic, environmental and social statistics (from 2005-2016)
    Paris : OECD ; 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-3879 , 1814-7364 , 1814-7364
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Series Statement: OECD publishing
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Die OECD in Zahlen und Fakten
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    QG 010
    RVK:
    QM 230
    Keywords: OECD ; Statistische Grunddaten ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Umweltstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Bevölkerung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ensuring quality in cross-border higher education : implementing the UNESCO/OECD guidelines (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264248465 , 9789264243538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan Garantir la qualité de l'enseignement supérieur transnational
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan Ensuring quality in cross-border higher education
    Keywords: Studium ; International ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Qualität ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Studium ; Internationale Kooperation ; Qualität
    Abstract: In the past decade, many countries have designed explicit internationalisation policies for their higher education systems, acknowledging the benefits of international exposure to prepare students for a globalising economy as well as the many opportunities of cross-border mobility for innovation, improvement and capacity development in higher education and in the economy. Cases of fraud and opportunistic behaviour have shown that these promises come with risks for students and other tertiary education stakeholders though. It is precisely to help all stakeholders to minimise these risks and strengthen the dynamics of openness, collaboration and transparency across countries that UNESCO and OECD jointly developed the Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-Border Higher Education. This book monitors the extent to which tertiary education stakeholders complied with the Guidelines in 2014. It will be of interest to policy makers, leaders of tertiary education institutions and quality assurance agencies, as well as to academics and other parties interested in higher education and its internationalisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264243538-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial education for long-term savings and investments : review of research and literature (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 39
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Long-term savings and investments (LTSI) by individuals enhances their financial security while also supporting growth and financial development. Evidence shows that financial knowledge and skills are positively related to LTSI behaviour, and indicates a strong correlation between levels of financial literacy and retirement wealth accumulation. However, both the quantity and quality of LTSI are often worryingly low, pointing to an important role for financial education to increase levels of financial literacy and thus improve LTSI among individuals. Evaluations of various types of financial education aimed at increasing LTSI have identified some promising results. Initial findings suggest the need for additional, targeted evaluation of education programmes to compare the effects of different delivery channels and the intensity of provision in order to identify optimal approaches. More detailed research is also important to fully understand why some evaluations indicate mixed outcomes from certain programmes.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrtgzfl6g9w-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stocktaking of anti-corruption and business integrity measures for Southern African SOEs (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 18
    Keywords: Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Anti-Korruption ; Corporate Governance ; Südafrika ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; South Africa ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report aims to provide an overview of business integrity and anti-bribery legislation, policies and practices applicable to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) operating across the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Part 1 provides a rationale for considering the impact that corruption-prevention and business integrity measures have had in some jurisdictions, based on available academic literature on this subject. Part 2 summarises the framework in seven SADC countries for combating corruption and for encouraging responsible business practices. It also focuses on the application of this framework to SOEs by governments, as well as measures taken by SOEs to limit their exposure to the risks of corruption. The report was undertaken on behalf of the OECD Network on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Southern Africa and is based on voluntary responses to a questionnaire and supplemented with desk research.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrtd6fghvf1-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How is corporate governance in Japan changing? : developments in listed companies and roles of institutional investors (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 17
    Keywords: 1970 - 2014 ; Corporate Governance ; Shareholder Value ; Institutioneller Investor ; Japan ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Japan ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This research analyses the improvements to corporate governance within Japanese listed companies and the influence of institutional shareholders. Firstly, in order to analyse the external factors that have promoted the recent corporate governance reform, the report starts with an overview of the changes in the Japanese market post 1970s. The main players before the 1990s were the banks, who provided credit to companies as well as being shareholders. Corporate governance in Japan was characterised by the “main bank” system. However, after the “bubble economy” burst in the early 1990s, institutional investors, including domestic pension funds and foreign asset managers, started to have a greater presence. Secondly, the report analyses the recent developments in corporate governance within listed companies. Developments were influenced considerably by institutional shareholders through proxy voting. Further, the report reviews the legislation and relevant rules on corporate governance including the reform of the Companies Act and the Cabinet Office Ordinance on Disclosure of Corporate Information. Thirdly, the report examines the influence of institutional shareholders and their activities towards good corporate governance. In 2009, the “Report by the Financial System Council’s Study Group on the Internationalization of Japanese Financial and Capital Markets” was published and asset managers, such as investment trusts and investment advisory companies, started to disclose policy and results of proxy voting. In February 2014, pursuant to the recommendation of the “Japan Revitalization Strategy 2013”, Japan’s Stewardship Code was published and it is now expected that institutional shareholders play a significant role to engage with investee companies and improve corporate governance within them. The report also analyses the historical changes to practices within shareholder meetings along with examination of the role that institutional shareholders have played in the improvement of corporate governance within Japanese listed companies.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrw7j3s37hh-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial education for migrants and their families (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 38
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Money remitted by international migrants is a major source of income for many countries around the world, exceeding all international development funds combined. Yet individual migrants and their families are often amongst the most vulnerable people in society, and many face significant barriers to the access and use of appropriate financial products. Recognising their importance and vulnerability, some home and host countries are taking measures to support migrant workers and their families and improve their financial literacy; in some cases this occurs within the framework of a national strategy for financial education. In order to increase the extent of such support and to improve international co-operation, this paper seeks to illustrate the key challenges and suggest possible ways forward. The lessons learned will be used by the OECD and its International Network on Financial Education to develop a checklist for policy makers in order to increase the coverage of high-quality financial education for migrants.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5js4h5rw17vh-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New insights from TALIS 2013 : teaching and learning in primary and upper secondary education; [teaching and learning international survey] (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264226173
    Language: English
    Pages: 326 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als New insights from TALIS 2013
    Keywords: OECD ; Lehrkräfte ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Schule ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrer ; Grundschule ; Sekundarstufe
    Abstract: The Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) asks teachers and principals who they are, where they teach and how they feel about their work. The results on lower secondary schools were published in TALIS 2013 Results: An International Perspective on Teaching and Learning. A few countries chose to also conduct the survey in primary and/or upper secondary education. This report presents the results of these options and offers a broader view of teachers and school principals across all levels of compulsory education, and all the similarities and differences in the issues they are facing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264226319-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    TALIS 2013 results : an international perspective on teaching and learning; [teaching and learning international survey] (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264211339
    Language: English
    Pages: 437 S.
    Edition: Rev. vers.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résultats de TALIS 2013 ; Une perspective internationale sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als TALIS 2013 results
    DDC: 371.102
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Schule ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrer ; Lernumwelt ; Unterricht ; Sekundarstufe ; Evaluation ; Fragebogen ; Vergleichende Bildungsforschung
    Abstract: How can countries prepare teachers to face the diverse challenges in today’s schools? The OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) helps answer this question by asking teachers and school leaders about their working conditions and the learning environments at their schools. TALIS aims to provide valid, timely and comparable information to help countries review and define policies for developing a high-quality teaching profession. It is an opportunity for teachers and school leaders to provide input into educational policy analysis and development in key areas. This report presents the results of the second cycle of the TALIS survey conducted in 2013.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264196261-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental policies and risk finance in the green sector : cross-country evidence (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2010 ; Öko-Produkt ; Risikokapital ; Umweltpolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Start-up firms play a crucial role in bringing to the market the innovations needed to move to a greener growth path. Risk finance is essential for allowing new ventures to commercialise new ideas and grow, especially in emerging sectors. Still, very little is known about the drivers and the characteristics of risk finance in the green sector. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed description of risk finance in the green sector across 29 OECD and BRIICS countries over the period 2005-2010 and identifying the role that policies might have in shaping high-growth investments in this sector. Results are drawn from a comprehensive deal-level database of businesses seeking financing in the green industry combined with indicators of renewable policies and government R&D expenditures. The results suggest that both supply-side policies and environmental deployment policies, designed with a long-term perspective of creating a market for environmental technologies, are associated with higher levels of risk finance relative to more short-term fiscal policies, such as tax incentives and rebates. In addition, when focusing on renewable energy generation, the results confirm the positive association of generous feed-in tariffs (FITs) with risk-finance investment. However in the solar sector excessively generous FITs tend to discourage investment.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz6wn918j37-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investment treaties and shareholder claims for reflective loss : insights from advanced systems of corporate law (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2014/02
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: consistency of arbitral decisions ; stockholder remedies ; international economic law ; creditors ; separate legal personality ; arbitrators ; board of directors ; international investment agreements ; investor-state dispute settlement ; shareholder claims ; transferability of shares ; entity shielding ; creditors’ rights ; treaty shopping ; bilateral investment treaties ; loan covenant ; reflective loss ; level playing field ; shareholders ; shareholder rights ; corporate law ; judicial economy ; limited liability ; stockholders ; investment treaties ; company law ; consistency ; international arbitration ; access to justice ; derivative injury ; foreign investment ; derivative loss ; competitive neutrality ; agency costs ; settlement ; international investment ; business corporations ; domestic impact of investment law ; derivative action ; comparative law ; shareholder remedies ; international investment law ; reflective injury ; investment arbitration ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Corporate law in advanced domestic legal systems on the one hand, and typical treaties for the protection of foreign investment on the other hand, treat claims for damages by company shareholders differently. Advanced domestic systems generally bar shareholders from claiming for reflective loss – loss that arises from injury to "their" company (such as a decline in the value of shares). The claim for the loss belongs to the injured company and not to its shareholders. In contrast, shareholder claims for reflective loss have been widely permitted under typical investment treaties over the last 10 years. Ongoing OECD-hosted inter-governmental dialogue on investment law is considering whether there are policy reasons justifying the different approaches to shareholder claims for reflective loss. This paper examines shareholder claims for reflective loss under investment treaties in light of comparative analysis of advanced systems of corporate law. The paper considers the impact of allowing shareholder claims for reflective loss on key characteristics of the business corporation. The paper also explores possible responses by different categories of investors to the availability of shareholder claims for reflective loss under investment treaties.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0xvgngmr3-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : financial services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 175
    Keywords: Finanzdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for financial services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for commercial banking and insurance services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores in commercial banking range between 0.06 and 0.55, with a sample average of 0.19. The scores in insurance services range between 0.05 and 0.63, with a sample average of 0.20. The results are mainly driven by restrictions on market entry, where significant impediments remain in the form of foreign equity limits, restrictions on legal form, discriminatory licensing criteria and restrictions on cross-border transactions. Barriers to competition, including regulation of products and prices and preferential treatment granted to state-owned financial institutions, also make a substantive contribution to the index values. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nhssd30-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State-owned enterprise governance : a stocktaking of reforms and challenges in Southern Africa (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 13
    Keywords: Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Organisatorischer Wandel ; Übernahme ; Corporate Governance ; Kapitalmarkttheorie ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; SADC-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; South Africa ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report is the first known stocktaking of its kind to provide a regional overview of state-owned enterprise (SOE) governance reforms and challenges across the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Part One summarises the challenges and governance practices related to state-ownership across SADC economies; it draws conclusions on how to address common regional priorities. Part Two of the report is organised around country profiles providing a fact-based assessment of SOE reform policies and practices in 14 economies. The report was prepared at the request of the Southern Africa Network on Governance of State-Owned Enterprises – a regional cooperation initiative aimed at improving the corporate governance of SOEs, and mainly covering the member economies of the SADC region. The stocktaking was prepared based on information self-reported by authorities in participating economies and supplemented by desk research.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jzb5zntk5r8-en
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  • 20
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    The Bitcoin question : currency versus trust-less transfer technology (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 37
    Keywords: Finanzintermediation ; Geldpolitik ; Geldsubstitut ; Goldstandard ; Vertrauen ; Bargeldloser Zahlungsverkehr ; Virtuelle Währung ; Payment technology ; Plenary power ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The financial crisis has led to a widespread loss of trust in financial intermediaries of all kinds, perhaps helping to open the way towards the general acceptance of alternative technologies. This paper briefly summarises the crypto-currency phenomenon, separating the ‘currency’ issues from the potential technology benefits. With respect to crypto currencies, the paper argues that these can’t undermine the ability of central banks to conduct monetary policy. They do, however, raise consumer protection and bank secrecy issues. The valuation of Bitcoins and price volatility issues are discussed, as well as electronic theft, contract failures, etc., all of which could result in large losses to users and hence ultimate costs to the taxpayer (e.g. the failure to provide adequate private pensions resulting in increased reliance on public pensions). The anonymity features of the crypto-currencies also facilitate tax evasion and money laundering, both of which are major public policy concerns. The technology associated with crypto-currencies, on the other hand, could ultimately shift the entire basis of trust involved in any financial transaction. It is an innovation that creates the ability to carry out transactions without the need for a trusted third party; i.e. a move towards trust-less transactions. This mechanism could work to eliminate the role of many intermediaries, thereby reducing transactions costs by introducing much needed competition to incumbent firms. The generic issues that policy makers need to examine are summarised.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2pwjd9t20-en
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  • 21
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    Inducing private finance for renewable energy projects : evidence from micro-data (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 67
    Keywords: 2000 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Investitionspolitik ; Innovationsdiffusion ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Private Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyses the effects of government policies on flows of private finance for investment in renewable energy (inducement effect). It also examines whether direct provision of public finance for a project increases the volume of private finance raised (“crowding in” effect). A unique dataset of financial transactions for renewable energy projects with worldwide coverage is constructed using the Bloomberg New Energy Finance database. The analysis covers 87 countries, six renewable energy sectors (wind, solar, biomass, small hydropower, marine and geothermal) and the 2000-2011 time-span. Main findings are that, in contrast to quota-based schemes, price-based support schemes are positively correlated with investors’ ability to raise private finance. The paper suggests that, rather than the type of instrument (price vs. quota), it is the specific design of such schemes that is key to providing a predictable signal and an effective incentive to attract private investors. It is also found that public finance supports precisely those projects that have had difficulty raising private finance (co-financed projects), where neither quota-based measures nor price-based support schemes have a significant effect on private finance flows. This raises the concern that in the absence of well-designed policies which incentivise private finance investment, governments wishing to secure project completion have no other choice than to support projects directly through the use of public finance.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvg0k6thr1-en
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  • 22
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    Investment treaty law, sustainable development and responsible business conduct : a fact finding survey (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2014/01
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: bribery ; investor state arbitration ; investment treaties ; environmental law ; labour law ; ISDS ; corruption ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Investment treaty law – which is scattered over 3 000 international investment agreements adopted over a period of 50 years – is a crucial but complex basis for regulating international investment flows. Investment treaties are often thought to be silent on investors’ responsibilities to host societies and on their contributions to sustainable development. The present paper establishes a factual and statistical basis for understanding the relationship between investment treaty law and governments’ ability to advance the sustainable development agenda and promote responsible business conduct. The paper presents survey results of 2 107 investment treaties and 1 113 treaty-based arbitration cases in order to shed light on how (if at all) labour, environmental, human rights and anti-corruption considerations are referred to in investment treaties and investor-state arbitration cases based on them.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0xvgx1zlt-en
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  • 23
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    Online Resource
    Investment treaties and shareholder claims : analysis of treaty practice (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (75 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2014/03
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: investor-state dispute settlement ; foreign investment ; derivative action ; separate legal personality ; reflective loss ; investment treaties ; stockholders ; consistency of arbitral decisions ; access to justice ; shareholder claims ; international economic law ; overlapping claims ; shareholder rights ; creditors ; bilateral investment treaties ; related claims ; international arbitration ; comparative law ; creditors’ rights ; treaty shopping ; arbitrators ; international investment law ; settlement ; concurrent claims ; international investment ; reflective injury ; business corporations ; domestic impact of investment law ; investment arbitration ; stockholder remedies ; consistency ; competitive neutrality ; agency costs ; derivative loss ; corporate law ; international investment agreements ; judicial economy ; derivative injury ; shareholders ; shareholder remedies ; level playing field ; company law ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Advanced systems of domestic corporate law generally apply a “no reflective loss” principle to shareholder claims. Shareholder claims are permitted for direct injury to shareholder rights (such as voting rights). But shareholders generally cannot bring claims for reflective loss incurred as a result of injury to "their" company (such as loss in value of shares). Only the directly-injured company can claim. In contrast, shareholder claims for reflective loss have consistently been permitted under typical bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in recent years. This paper analyses investment treaty provisions relating to shareholder claims. It addresses (i) treaty regimes for shareholder recovery and company recovery of damages, including their consequences for investor protection and government liability; (ii) the interaction of reflective loss claims with treaty provisions that seek to limit multiple claims; and (iii) treaty provisions applicable to government objections to shareholder claims for reflective loss.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvk6shpvs4-en
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  • 24
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    Corporate governance enforcement in the Middle East and North Africa : evidence and priorities (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 15
    Keywords: Aktionärsrechte ; Board of Directors ; Gerichtsbarkeit ; Minderheitsaktionäre ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Corporate Governance ; Finanzmarktaufsicht ; Börse ; Aktienrecht ; Gesellschaftsrecht ; MENA-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Corporate governance frameworks in the Middle East and North Africa region have undergone a substantial evolution in the past decade. Better enforcement of corporate governance rules and regulations has in the past three years emerged as both a policy challenge and a priority for the region. This emphasis on better enforcement reflects a number of trends including political changes in some countries of the region, the global call for better surveillance of the adoption of governance rules as well as low investor engagement in the region. This paper examines key developments in public and private corporate governance enforcement in the region. It highlights the growing level of public enforcement as expertise within the securities regulators is growing. The paper provides policy recommendations on specific aspects of governance frameworks such as the treatment of related party transactions and board member responsibilities which - if better regulated - could result in more effective governance enforcement in the region.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxws6scxg7c-en
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  • 25
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    A calculated risk : how donors should engage with risk financing and transfer mechanisms (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33, III, III S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 17
    Keywords: Humanitäre Hilfe ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Better financial preparedness against risk is a central part of a comprehensive approach to disaster management. Risk financing and risk transfer are approaches to planning for risks that cannot be reduced or avoided practically or cost-effectively and may include a strategy and practical measures to ensure the availability of funds for post-disaster relief and reconstruction, commensurate with the scale and frequency of anticipated risks. Risk financing is of growing interest to a wide range of development and humanitarian actors searching for solutions to bridge a growing global post-disaster financing gap. This report describes key features of risk financing and risk transfer, examines some of the current challenges at the contextual and programmatic levels as well as institutional challenges donors might face in engaging in risk financing and recommends a set of principles and policy approaches to guide future donor support and engagement.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz122cn65s6-en
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  • 26
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    State-invested enterprises in the global marketplace : implications for a level playing field (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 14
    Keywords: 1998 - 2012 ; Luftverkehr ; Elektrizitätsversorgung ; Bergbau ; Erdölindustrie ; Telekommunikationsdienst ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: State-owned and other state-invested enterprises (SIEs) have become more prominent in the global economy over the last decade. A growing role for state-invested enterprises in the marketplace is not in itself onerous. According to an OECD consensus, as expressed through the Organisation’s legal instruments, SOEs can be operated according to similarly high standards of governance, transparency and efficiency as private companies, in which case the ownership issue is moot. However, only some of the world’s most advanced economies, following decades of reform of their SOE sectors, have approached this point. Moreover, when SOEs operate across borders the challenges may multiply. With this background, this paper compares the difference between SIEs and non- SIEs in five sectors: air transportation, electricity, mining, oil & gas and telecommunication. The empirical analysis indicates that, in addition to any financing advantages, large state-invested enterprises also seem to benefit from an unusually favourable position in their home markets. A comparative analysis further shows that, in the course of the last ten years, SIEs have generally enjoyed higher rates of return than comparable private companies. The paper concludes that the growing role of state-invested enterprises in the international marketplace does not yet present a serious macroeconomic challenge. However, since it is likely to keep growing for some time, challenges need to be addressed relatively soon. This makes for a strong case for enhanced policy coordination and information sharing. If legally binding instruments cannot be developed in the near to medium-term to ensure competitive neutrality, consultation mechanisms could be established through which the main players in international trade and investment can exchange views on matters of common concern related to the state in the marketplace. The ultimate purpose would be ensuring that the international trade and investment environment remains open, non-discriminatory and offering a level playing field.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0xvfvl6nw-en
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  • 27
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    Renewable energy policies and cross-border investment : evidence from mergers and acquisitions in solar and wind energy (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2014/03
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 2005 - 2011 ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Auslandsinvestition ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energiewirtschaft ; Portfolio-Management ; Übernahme ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The study assesses the role of feed-in tariffs (FITs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs) in creating incentives for cross-border investments and for investments in particular technological portfolios via M&A. The analysis explores the dataset on M&As in alternative energy sources worldwide over 2005-2011. The results suggests that FITs encourage more diversified M&A than RECs. With respect to foreign investment, the study finds a linear relationship between FITs and cross-border M&As in the wind energy sector, but an inverted U-shaped relationship in the solar energy sector. One possible explanation for the latter may lie in reduced policy credibility due to the public finance implications of ‘generous’ FITs. Another possible explanation for this finding concerns the use of high solar FITs by countries whose natural conditions provide little comparative advantage in solar energy, suggesting that low profitability and limited potential of solar energy in those countries might have deterred the entry of foreign investors.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxv9f3r9623-en
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  • 28
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    Teachers for the 21st century : using evaluation to improve teaching; [key topics from the 2013 International summit on the teaching profession] (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264193857
    Language: English
    Pages: 125 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: International summit on the teaching profession
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Teachers for the 21st century
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Qualifikation ; Unterricht ; Bildungsforschung ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrerbeurteilung ; Evaluation ; Bildungswesen ; Lehrer ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Wissensvermittlung
    Abstract: In some countries the concept – not to mention the use – of teacher appraisal sparks discussion whenever it is mentioned. According to what criteria? Who decides? And what should the results of teacher appraisals be used for? But education stakeholders are beginning to find some agreement in the idea that teacher appraisal can be a key lever for focusing more on teaching quality and continuous professional development for teachers, in keeping with the growing recognition that the quality of teaching affects student learning outcomes. Teacher appraisal also provides opportunities to incentivise, recognise and reward teaching competence and high performance, which, in turn, may help to address concerns about the attractiveness of teaching as a career choice and about the image and status of teachers, including teachers’ feelings that their work is not sufficiently valued. The third International Summit on the Teaching Profession, hosted by the Netherlands, the OECD and Education International, brings together education ministers, union leaders and other teacher leaders from high-performing and rapidly improving education systems, as measured by the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), to discuss how teacher quality is defined and what standards are set and by whom; what systems are in place for teacher evaluation and how evaluations are conducted; and how teacher evaluation contributes to school improvement and teacher self-efficacy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264193864-en
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  • 29
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    Investor relations and communications : an overview of leading practices in the OECD area (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on sovereign borrowing and public debt management 6
    Keywords: Schuldenmanagement ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper summarizes and discusses results from a survey conducted by the Department of Finance Canada and the Bank of Canada in July 2012 regarding an overview of investor relations (IR) and communications practices of members of the OECD Working Party on Debt Management (WPDM). The survey contained both quantitative and qualitative questions pertaining to IR, grouped into three themes: Definition and Development; Communications Strategy and Relationship Management; and Governance and Sustainability. Survey responses from 26 countries were collected and analyzed under these themes. While the extent of formalization and governance varies, all respondents with outstanding debt indicated that they perform IR activities; comments received suggest a general expansion of IR activities as the function evolves, both as a best practice and for directed, strategic purposes. Responses were collected regarding the most useful IR activities and communication methods conducted by countries, key stakeholder relationships relative to the IR function, and key challenges that include the difficulty in measuring the value of IR, particularly under changing circumstances. Despite the challenges, on-going IR is viewed as an important and effective component of the overall debt management function.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4dhnwfxtq6-en
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  • 30
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    Assessing the cost effectiveness of index-linked bond issuance : a methodological approach, illustrated using UK examples (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on sovereign borrowing and public debt management 7
    Keywords: Öffentliche Anleihe ; Indexanleihe ; Kosten-Wirksamkeits-Analyse ; Großbritannien ; Finance and Investment ; United Kingdom ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Sovereign index-linked bond issuance has grown significantly since the early 1980s, with nearly $2.5 trillion USD in bonds now in issue. Index-linked bonds have become a widely accepted part of the set of instruments that sovereign debt managers use for funding purposes and so the question of how to assess their cost effectiveness relative to other financing options is of increasing importance. This paper sets out a methodology for conducting such an analysis, the rationale behind it and ways in which such an approach could be further developed.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k481881kjwh-en
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  • 31
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    Sub-national finances and fiscal consolidation : walking on thin ice (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/02
    Keywords: Länderfinanzen ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Recent crises and national consolidation packages affected sub-national finances. In many OECD countries, central governments introduced reductions in transfers to sub-national governments, and established expenditure and/or deficit objectives to be met by local or regional authorities. Such measures have reduced the financial room of sub-national governments for implementing key public services or investments. In parallel, borrowing conditions deteriorated for many sub-national governments, as banks and financial markets became increasingly reluctant to lend. Since late 2008, financial markets started discriminating between high- and low-quality SNG bonds, and yields reached record-high levels for sub-national governments perceived as less creditworthy. Facing degraded finances, upward pressure on expenditures and deteriorated borrowing conditions, many sub-national governments have used public investment as an adjustment variable to reduce their budget deficits and preserve their spending on welfare, health or education. However, such policies may hinder long-term growth perspectives.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k49m8cqkcf3-en
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  • 32
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    Policyholder protection schemes : selected considerations (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 31
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates policyholder protection schemes in OECD member countries and selected non-OECD countries. It is selective in its scope: it examines the rationale for a policyholder protection scheme; the relationship between certain design features and moral hazard; the role of a policyholder protection scheme within the overall resolution framework; and some cross-border features of these schemes. While the paper focuses on protection schemes for policyholders, it seeks to draw lessons from compensation schemes in the banking and occupational pension fund sectors, while recognising sectoral differences.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k46l8sz94g0-en
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  • 33
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    Making stock markets work to support economic growth : implications for governments, regulators, stock exchanges, corporate issuers and their investors (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (79 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 10
    Keywords: Aktienmarkt ; Marktstruktur ; Börsengang ; Allokation ; Börse ; Corporate Governance ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study provides critical observations on the state of key global equity markets as recent developments have put into question their efficiency and effectiveness in facilitating capital formation. It covers the top 26 initial public offering (IPO) producing nations, with a particular focus on stock markets in the United States.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k43m4p6ccs3-en
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  • 34
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    Temporal validity of international investment agreements : a large sample survey of treaty provisions (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2013/04
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: bilateral investment treaty ; international investment law ; international investment ; investment treaties ; foreign investment ; investment law ; comparative law ; international investment agreements ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: International investment agreements (IIAs) almost universally define their temporal validity and thus set conditions for States’ exit from these treaties. This study presents the results of the survey of language that determines the temporal validity of 2,061 bilateral investment agreements that the 55 economies participating in the OECD-hosted Freedom of Investment Roundtables have concluded with any other economy. The paper summarises in its first part past and current treaty practice in this regard: how do States design the parameters that define the temporal validity of their treaties and the duration of the obligations contained therein? How has this design evolved over time? Do different kinds of IIAs take different approaches to this matter? Have individual States developed distinct practices or policies? The second part of the paper presents key findings that result from the analysis of treaty practice in a large number of agreements. It highlights characteristics of the provisions on temporal validity employed in IIAs; emphasises the collective engagement that results from the clauses in IIAs and the consequences of country-specific practice; and suggests questions on intriguing policy choices that a large comparative study reveals.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3tsjsl5fvh-en
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  • 35
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    Promoting financial inclusion through financial education : OECD/INFE evidence, policies and practice (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 34
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Financial inclusion is an international policy priority and demand-side initiatives including financial education have an important role to play in helping individuals to access and use appropriate, formal financial products. In 2010, under the support of the Russian Trust Fund for Financial Literacy and Education, the OECD/INFE launched a project on the role of financial education in financial inclusion. The results of this work show that low levels of financial inclusion are associated with lower levels of financial literacy. Recent research, including a broad stock take of INFE members, permitted to identify various ways in which policy makers are developing financial education policies for financial inclusion. Based on a review of approaches taken to deliver financial education for financial inclusion, this report highlights challenges faced and solutions found, and discusses the main lessons learnt and potential way forward.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3xz6m88smp-en
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  • 36
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    Institutional investors and green infrastructure investments : selected case studies (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (99 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 35
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report is structured in three chapters. The first chapter examines the channels through which institutional investors can access green infrastructure, assesses the extent to which this is currently happening, and identifies the barriers to scaling up these investment flows. The second chapter presents four case studies: on utility-scale solar PV power generation in the United States, sustainable agriculture in Brazil, off-shore wind energy in the United Kingdom, and the securitisation of on-shore wind farms in Germany and France. The third chapter uses the conclusions on the case studies to draw out broader lessons for governments on the policy settings which may support investment in green infrastructure by institutional investors. These include, inter alia, ensuring a stable and integrated policy environment, addressing market failures, providing an infrastructure road map, facilitating the development of appropriate green financing vehicles, and promoting market transparency and improved data collection.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3xr8k6jb0n-en
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  • 37
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    Institutional investors as owners : who are they and what do they do? (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 11
    Keywords: Eigentümerstruktur ; Institutioneller Investor ; Corporate Governance ; Aktive Aktionäre ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a framework for analysing the character and degree of ownership engagement by institutional investors. It argues that the general term “institutional investor” in itself doesn’t say very much about the quality or degree of ownership engagement. It is therefore an evasive “shorthand” for policy discussions about ownership engagement. The reason is that there are large differences in ownership engagement between different categories of institutional investors. There are also differences in ownership engagement within the same category of institutional investors such as hedge funds, investment funds, etc. These differences arise from the fact that the degree of ownership engagement is determined by a number of different features and choices that together make up the institutional investor’s “business model”. When ownership engagement is not a central part of the business model, public policies and voluntary standards aiming to improve the quality of ownership engagement among institutional investors are likely to have limited effect. Based on an empirical overview of the relative size of different categories of institutional investors, the paper identifies a set of 7 features and 19 choices that in different combinations define the institutional investor’s business model. These features and choices are then used to establish a taxonomy for identifying different degrees of ownership engagement ranging from “no engagement” to “inside engagement”.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3v1dvmfk42-en
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    China investment policy : an update (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (75 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2013/01
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Internationales Investitionsrecht ; China ; Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper examines China’s investment policy since the publication of the 2008 OECD Investment Policy Review of China. China remains the largest recipient of FDI among developing countries and FDI continues to play a disproportionately large role in promoting China’s trade, investment and tax revenue generation, albeit not as large as before. A number of structural changes occurred in recent years, including a slight revival of equity joint ventures, faster growth in services-sector FDI than in manufacturing, and a reorientation of FDI from the Eastern Region to the Central and Western Regions. In addition, China has been rapidly becoming an important source of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), a trend that was reinforced by the global financial and economic crisis. While foreign investor confidence is maintained by China’s economic strength, it is being undermined by rising labour costs and shortages of skilled labour and by greater competition (especially from Chinese companies). In addition, there are fears that an investment protectionist trend may be emerging in China, as evidenced by, for example, perceived discrimination against foreign-owned companies in government procurement. The Chinese government has taken a number of measures to streamline and decentralise FDI administration and strengthen enforcement. The emphasis has been on aligning inward FDI flows more closely with national priorities, including upgrading industrial sophistication, supporting innovation, setting up outsourcing industries and developing poorer hinterland regions. The most important change is the three-fold raising of the ceiling on provincial examination and approval authority over foreign investment projects in the “permitted catalogue”. Merger notification discrimination against foreign investors has been removed and a national security review process for cross-border M&As has been announced. The Chinese government should continue its efforts to liberalise and increase the transparency and predictability of the framework for both inward and outward FDI.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k469l1hmvbt-en
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investment treaties as corporate law : shareholder claims and issues of consistency (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2013/03
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: shareholders ; stockholders ; shareholder claims ; shareholder rights ; shareholder remedies ; stockholder remedies ; reflective loss ; reflective injury ; derivative action ; derivative loss ; derivative injury ; consistency ; consistency of arbitral decisions ; double recovery ; double jeopardy ; multiple claims ; judicial economy ; settlement ; corporate law ; company law ; creditors ; creditors’ rights ; investor-state dispute settlement ; international arbitration ; arbitrators ; international economic law ; comparative law ; domestic impact of investment law ; international arbitration ; investment arbitration ; foreign investment ; international investment ; international investment law ; access to justice ; level playing field ; competitive neutrality ; treaty shopping ; internationalinvestment agreements ; investment treaties ; bilateral investment treaties ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Claims by company shareholders seeking damages from governments for so-called "reflective loss" now make up a substantial part of the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) caseload. (Shareholders’ reflective loss is incurred as a result of injury to “their” company, typically a loss in value of the shares; it is generally contrasted with direct injury to shareholder rights, such as interference with shareholder voting rights.) This paper considers the consistency issues raised by shareholder claims for reflective loss in ISDS. The paper first compares the approach to shareholder claims in ISDS with advanced systems of national corporate law (and other international law). ISDS arbitrators have consistently found that shareholders can claim individually for reflective loss in ISDS under typical BITs. This can be seen as a success story from the point of view of consistency of legal interpretation and improves investor protection for potential claimant shareholders in many cases. In contrast, however, advanced national systems and international law generally apply what has been called a "no reflective loss" principle to shareholder claims. Second, the paper analyses the policy issues relating to consistency that are raised by shareholder claims for reflective loss in ISDS. National and international law barring shareholder claims for reflective loss is often explicitly driven by policy considerations relating to consistency, predictability, avoidance of double recovery and judicial economy. Limiting recovery to the company is seen as both more efficient and fairer to all interested parties. In contrast, ISDS tribunals and commentators have generally given limited consideration to the policy consequences of allowing shareholder claims for reflective loss. The third part of the paper addresses the issue of company recovery (including two different existing systems which expand the ability of foreign-controlled companies to recover in ISDS) and its relevance to shareholder claims for reflective loss. The paper also contains a series of questions for discussion and has been discussed by governments participating in an OECD-hosted investment roundtable.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3w9t44mt0v-en
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial education in Latin America and the Caribbean : rationale, overview and way forward (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 33
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Macroeconomic stability and growth in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region have allowed governments to focus on public policies that build on the complementarities between financial education, inclusion and the development of social capital. Financial education programmes can support the needs of emerging middle classes in managing their finances and benefitting from access to more sophisticated financial markets. They can also be a valuable tool to ensure a more effective financial inclusion of the most vulnerable sectors of the population, and help fight poverty and inequality.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k41zq7hp6d0-en
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Institutional investors and infrastructure financing (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The economic downturn is likely to have a lasting impact on the fund management industry and on long term asset allocation strategies of institutional investors. On one hand, in promoting more cautious investment strategies and a greater focus on portfolio risk management in the coming years. On the other hand, the prolonged low-yield environment has heightened the need for return-enhancing strategies, pushing some investors to invest in alternative assets. More fundamentally, the role of institutional investors in long term financing is constrained by the short-termism increasingly pervasive in capital markets as well as structural and policy barriers such as regulatory disincentives, lack of appropriate financing vehicles, limited investment and risk management expertise, transparency, viability issues and a lack of appropriate data and investment benchmarks for illiquid assets such as infrastructure.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k3wh99xgc33-en
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reforming policies for the business sector to harvest the benefits of globalisation in the Netherlands (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1011
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Niederländer ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Netherlands has strongly benefited from globalisation, which boosted international trade, cross-border investment and economic growth over the latest decades. Looking ahead, the Netherlands needs to shift the trade and investment orientation from traditional slow-growing markets to faster growing emerging economies, in order to keep reaping the benefits from globalisation. In addition, the ongoing globalisation will push companies to become more innovative and search for new activities. Against this backdrop, the government is reforming its policies for the business sector. This includes a targeted approach, where the government is attempting to strengthen key sectors to become even stronger players on the international scene. This approach, however, carries some of the risks of more traditional industrial policy, making careful policy design and evaluation important elements for successful implementation. The other building block of the new policies is a strengthening of framework conditions, which promises a more market-based development of comparative advantages, and which could be further strengthened by broadening the approach to include other policies, such as competition policies. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Survey of the Netherlands (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/netherlands).
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4dlffl1kkk-en
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beneficial ownership and control : a comparative study ; disclosure, information and enforcement (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (67 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Corporate Governance working papers 7
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Geldwäsche ; Aktionäre ; Unternehmenspublizität ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Investor confidence in financial markets depends in large part on the existence of an accurate disclosure regime that provides transparency in the beneficial ownership and control structures of publicly listed companies. This is particularly true for corporate governance systems that are characterised by concentrated ownership. On the one hand, large investors with significant voting and cash-flow rights may encourage long-term growth and firm performance. On the other hand, however, controlling beneficial owners with large voting blocks may have incentives to divert corporate assets and opportunities for personal gain at the expense of minority investors.The paper focuses particularly on the misuse of corporate vehicles, which arguably poses a major challenge to good corporate governance. Stakeholder rights (e.g. employees and creditors) cannot be properly exercised if ultimate decision- be identified. The accountability of the board may also be seriously endangered if stakeholders and the general public are unaware of decision-making and ultimate control structures. Finally, regulators and supervisory agencies have a strong interest in knowing beneficial owners – in order to determine the origin of investment flows, to prevent money laundering and tax evasion and to settle issues of corporate accountability.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4dkhwckbzv-en
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pension fund investment in infrastructure : a comparison between Australia and Canada (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 32
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Pensionskasse ; Australien ; Kanada ; Finance and Investment ; Australia ; Canada ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Australian and Canadian pension funds have been pioneers in infrastructure investing since the early 1990s. They also have the highest asset allocation to infrastructure around the globe today. This paper compares and contrasts the experience of institutional investors in the two countries looking at factors such as infrastructure policies, the pension system, investment strategies and governance of pension funds. The ‘Canadian model’ and the ‘(new) Australian model’ of infrastructure pose a challenge to the ‘private equity model’, dominant in Europe and the USA. Important lessons can be learnt by both policy makers and investors.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k43f5dv3mhf-en
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    State-owned enterprises : trade effects and policy implications (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 147
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Internationales Investitionsrecht ; WTO-Recht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Außenhandel ; Eigentümerstruktur ; Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: With a growing integration via trade and investment, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that have traditionally been oriented towards domestic markets increasingly compete with private firms in the global market place. Three principal questions emerge from the international trade perspective: (1) How important is state ownership in the global economy; (2) What types of advantages granted to SOEs by governments (or disadvantages afflicting them) are inconsistent with the key principles of the non-discriminatory trading system; and (3) What policies and practices support effective competition among all market participants? Using a sample of world‘s largest firms and their foreign subsidiaries, this paper shows that the extent of state presence in various countries and economic sectors is significant. Moreover, many of the countries with the highest SOE shares and economic sectors with strong SOE presence are intensely traded. The potential for economic distortions is hence large, if some of these SOEs benefit from unfair advantages granted to them by governments–an allegation that is often raised in political and business circles. Existing information on such advantages is often either anecdotal or limited to individual cases. As a groundwork for future analysis and building on the existing information and literature, this paper presents a conceptual discussion of how potential SOE advantages can generate cross-border effects. It also describes several cases when actions of SOEs as well as advantages allegedly granted to them by governments have been contested as inconsistent with national or international regulations, albeit with varying degree of success. This may be partially explained by the fact that existing regulatory frameworks that discipline some forms of anti-competitive behaviour of SOEs have been designed with domestic objectives in mind or were conceived at times when the state sector was oriented primarily towards domestic markets. The survey of existing rules at the national, bilateral and multilateral levels presented in this paper is a first step in determining whether there is a need to fill any gaps and in finding the most constructive ways of doing so.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4869ckqk7l-en
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Balancing commercial and non-commercial priorities of state-owned enterprises (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Corporate Governance working papers 6
    Keywords: Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Corporate Governance ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The overarching question for the government owners of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is why these companies need to be owned by the state. The OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises provides a “blueprint” for the corporatisation and commercialisation of such enterprises, but it may be assumed that the reason for continued state ownership is that they are expected to act differently from private companies. A relatively clear case occurs when SOEs are established with the purpose of pursuing mostly non-commercial activities. In many cases, their activities might otherwise be carried out by government institutions; the SOE incorporation has been chosen mostly on efficiency grounds.A number of other rationales for public ownership of enterprises have been offered, including: (i) monopolies in sectors where competition and market regulation is not deemed feasible or efficient; (ii) market incumbency, for instance in sectors where competition has been introduced but a state-owned operator remains responsible for public service obligations; (iii) imperfect contracts, where those public service obligations that SOEs are charged with are too complex or malleable to be laid down in service contracts; (iv) industrial policy or development strategies, where SOEs are being used to overcome obstacles to growth or correct market imperfections...
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4dkhztkp9r-en
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disclosure of beneficial ownership and control in Indonesia : legislative and regulatory policy options for sustainable capital markets (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 9
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Unternehmenspublizität ; Geldwäsche ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Aktionäre ; Indonesien ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Indonesia ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: A good corporate governance framework should combine transparency, accountability and integrity and this requires knowledge of beneficial ownership. The protection of minority investors and other stakeholder protection will be challenging without access to reliable information about the ownership, including the identity of the controlling owners, and control structures of listed companies. This report assesses the costs, benefits and practicalities of different approaches, suggesting policy options to better identify ultimate beneficial ownership in Indonesia. This report was requested by the Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency in Indonesia, Bapepam-LK, in the context of the OECD-Indonesia corporate governance policy dialogue launched in 2011. The objective is to support policy makers and regulators in their efforts to enhance disclosure and enforcement of beneficial ownership and control as part of overall efforts to improve corporate governance standards and practices in Indonesia.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k43m4pdrj36-en
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Who cares? : corporate governance in today's equity markets (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD corporate governance working papers 8
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Börsengang ; Aktionäre ; Institutioneller Investor ; Kapitalstruktur ; Eigentümerstruktur ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: There are two main sources of confusion in the public corporate governance debate. One is the confusion about the role of public policy intervention. The other is a lack of empirical knowledge about the corporate landscape where rules are supposed to be implemented and the functioning of today’s equity markets, where voting rights and cash flow rights are traded. To mitigate some of this confusion, this paper provides both an analytical framework for the role of public policy and a description of the empirical context that influences the conditions for that policy. It underlines the importance of focusing on the overall economic outcome and, in particular, how rules and regulations impact the conditions for companies to grow and create value by accessing public equity markets. In terms of the empirical context, we point to fundamental changes in the functioning of equity markets that may call for a fresh look at the economic effectiveness of corporate governance regulations. Among other things, we document a dramatic shift in listings from developed to emerging markets over the last decade, which means that concentrated ownership at company level has become the dominant form of ownership in listed companies worldwide. We also discuss whether the lack of new listings of smaller companies in developed markets is related to excessive regulatory burdens and unintended consequences of a decade of profound stock market deregulation. The discussion about listings illustrates that corporate governance rules and regulations do not only affect companies that are already listed. From a policy perspective, it is equally important to assess the implications for unlisted companies that may, in the future, require access to public equity markets for growth and job creation. We also document how the lengthened and ever more complex chain of intermediaries between savers and companies may influence the efficiency of capital allocation and the willingness of investors to take an active long-term interest in the companies that they own. It is shown that institutional investors are a highly heterogeneous group and that their willingness and ability to engage in corporate governance primarily depend on the economic incentives that follow from their different business models, investment strategies and trading practices. We provide examples of how regulatory initiatives to increase shareholder engagement may have unintended consequences, and note that the diversity and complexity of the investment chain can render general policies or regulation ineffective.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k47zw5kdnmp-en
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  • 49
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    Online Resource
    Capital flows in Asia-Pacific : controls, bonanzas and sudden stops (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper / OECD Development Centre 320
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.320
    Keywords: 1995 - 2010 ; Kapitalmobilität ; Kapitalverkehrskontrolle ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Asia-Pacific region has long been prone to volatile capital flows that have posed a challenge for authorities to cope with and occasionally led to payment difficulties dragging down exchange rates and spilling over to the real economy. The recent global crisis repeated past history, although most economies hard hit by the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis have learnt a lesson and are now better prepared to face volatile capital flows. Asian and Pacific countries have strengthened capital controls over 1995-2010, in particular those targeting portfolio flows. Now more countries impose some sort of control on outflows of all types of capital than 15 years ago and controls on outflows appear more stringent than on inflows. Notwithstanding the controls, most Asia-Pacific economies experienced at least one spell of large capital flows. To effectively curb capital inflow bonanzas, the measures need to be targeted. Portfolio inflow surges can be curbed by controlling bond inflows in general and in the case of very large surges, by limiting collective investment inflows. Controls on credit inflows appear effective in reducing the probability of cross-border lending booms. Furthermore, measures targeting residents appear more effective in reducing the probability of capital inflow bonanzas. Beside control measures, other conditions also appear to have a bearing on the probability of occurrence and on the length of the capital inflow spell. Previous inflows appear to be an important determinant of future booms in all asset categories, while global risk appetite increases the probability of overall inflows and cross border credit bonanzas. Domestic growth only explains the occurrence of equity portfolio inflow booms. A more lenient stance on outflows could shorten the duration of capital inflow bonanzas and hence reduce their cumulative impact on the economy.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k40d65jjx23-en
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lessons from investment policy reform in Korea (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2013/02
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: investment policy reform ; segyehwa ; South Korea ; FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index ; foreign direct investment ; Finance and Investment ; Korea, Republic of ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: As more and more countries seek to liberalise their foreign investment regimes to attract global flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), an essential question for policy-makers is no longer just what to reform but also how to reform. How is a reformist government to sell the idea of reform to the general public and to counter any opposition to reform? How are those who lose from reform in the short term to be compensated? Does sequencing of reforms matter? Korea offers a particularly interesting case study because its reforms beginning in the 1990s were both rapid and far-reaching. Based on the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index, Korea was the biggest reformer of its policies towards FDI between 1997 and 2010 among a sample of 40 developed and emerging countries. The objective of this study is to document the liberalisation of the FDI regime in Korea and to examine how and why it came about. What were the main obstacles and what were the main drivers? How did FDI liberalisation relate to other reforms (trade policy and regulatory reform, policies towards outward investment)? The paper does not ask what more Korea needs to do but rather what lessons can we draw from the Korean experience about how to achieve rapid and sustainable reforms? The insights from Korean liberalisation are useful for other countries, particularly non-OECD members in Asia and elsewhere, which still have high levels of statutory restrictions as measured by the FDI Index. Many of these countries are eager to attract more investment and recognise that they will need to reform their investment regime but are unsure how best to proceed. Each country?s reform path is unique, and this study will not provide a roadmap for other countries to follow, but it will nevertheless serve as a useful model for reformers in other countries and provide evidence that successful reform is accompanied by rising inflows of direct investment.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4376zqcpf1-en
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  • 51
    Book
    Book
    How's life? : Measuring well-being (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264200746
    Language: English
    Pages: 211 S. , grafh. Darst. , 27 cm
    Series Statement: How's life? 2013
    Series Statement: How's life?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306
    RVK:
    MS 1330
    RVK:
    MS 2600
    RVK:
    MS 4050
    RVK:
    QX 700
    Keywords: OECD ; Gesundheitsindikator ; Wohlbefinden ; Gesundheit ; Public health ; Public health / Evaluation ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Wohlbefinden ; Gesundheit ; OECD ; Gesundheitsindikator
    Note: Einzelaufnahme eines Zeitschriftenheftes
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    KOBV
    BVB
  • 52
    Book
    Book
    Gleichstellung der Geschlechter : Zeit zu handeln (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264190344 , 9789264190337
    Language: German
    Pages: 288 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    DDC: 305.3
    RVK:
    MS 3100
    RVK:
    QV 221
    RVK:
    DF 2000
    RVK:
    DH 1000
    RVK:
    MS 3000
    RVK:
    LB 44000
    RVK:
    MS 3200
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Geschlechterpolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; Geschlechterrolle ; Sozialstatistik ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Bildungsstatistik ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD ; OECD ; Geschlechterpolitik
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Inhaltstext
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    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI-MMG
  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corporate greenhouse gas emission reporting : a stocktaking of government schemes (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 73 S., 1.64 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working papers on international investment 2012/01
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2012/01
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: corporate governance ; greenhouse gas emissions ; reporting ; climate change ; emissions trading ; responsible business conduct ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of current government schemes promoting corporate reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and analyses their main building blocks. It describes the drivers and challenges for governments, companies and investors in dealing with GHG reporting and includes 4 case studies examining in more depth the domestic GHG emission reporting schemes of the UK, France, Japan and Australia. This work is part of a project with UNCTAD, the Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) on consistency of climate change reporting.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k97g3x674lq-en
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  • 54
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    Review of the Swedish national pension funds (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 17
    Keywords: Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung ; Pensionskasse ; Corporate Governance ; Schweden ; Finance and Investment ; Sweden ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a review of the Swedish National Pension Funds based on international good practice and OECD guidelines. The paper focuses mainly on the general size and structure of the funds, the investment framework and the governance of the funds. The internal management of the funds appears to be strong, with governance and risk management structures in place that appear to broadly follow OECD guidelines. The report concludes that the AP funds could benefit from having one clear and specific long-term investment objective, set by an independent committee answerable to Parliament, for all the AP funds against which their long-term performance can objectively be measured. The mandate and role of the AP6 fund could also be clarified. The report recommends the implementation of the prudent person rule as restrictive investment regulations are leaving the AP funds with less room to adopt varying investment strategies, and thus takes away some of the potential benefits of competition and diversification from having four different funds. Finally the selection process for the Governing Boards of the funds could be made more transparent and rigorous.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k990qtkk6f8-en
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  • 55
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    Identification and assessment of publicly available data sources to calculate indicators of private pensions (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 21
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Considering the growing role of private and funded pension provision and the sensitivity of private pension provision to the economic climate, there is an increasing need of comparable and reliable information on private pension plans in order to better monitor retirement income adequacy and the role of private provision in retirement income. Key indicators of the extent to which private pension provision contributes to the adequacy of pensions are the level of coverage that private pensions have across countries‘ workforce, contributions made into pension funds and personal retirement accounts, and benefits paid to retirees. This paper provides the assessment of data sets available to estimate pension coverage, contributions and benefits in private pensions and discusses ways to use available data sets in order to better inform policy discussions on the role of private pensions on retirement benefit adequacy. It covers all EU-27 Member States and selected non-EU countries.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k94d6g58vxs-en
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  • 56
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    Empowering women through financial awareness and education (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 14
    Keywords: Gleichberechtigung ; Frauenpolitik ; Finanzwissen ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The potential implications of gender differences in financial literacy are far-reaching. This paper describes the findings of a review of the literature on gender differences in financial literacy with the aim to better understand their causes and consequences, as well as possible policy responses. It provides a starting point to collect further evidence, develop analytical work and case studies, and to identify areas that deserve further research, thus paving the way for future work to be developed by the OECD and the INFE.A relatively broad range of empirical literature documents the existence of gender differences in financial literacy in various countries and along several dimensions. On average, women perform worse than men on tests of financial knowledge and have less confidence in their financial skills. However, so far policy awareness of the existence and relevance of these differences is quite low. The literature (albeit so far limited) on what drives such gender differences points to several potentially complementary explanations including differences in skills, attitudes, and opportunities. In this context, the contribution of improved and targeted financial education programmes aimed at better addressing women’s needs is promising and worth exploring further.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k9d5v6kh56g-en
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  • 57
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    Annual DC pension statements and the communications challenge (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 19
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines and evaluates the content and design of the annual pension statement sent to members of funded defined contribution (DC) pension schemes in a selection of OECD and non-OECD countries. The aims of the research are to identify the potential shortcomings in statement planning and design processes, to consider potential barriers in communications to members, and to highlight trends and models of good practice in these critical areas. The overarching objective is to develop recommended guidelines for organisers, so that the statement can be developed as an effective (impact) and efficient (cost-benefit analysis, value for money) medium to deliver essential member information and to encourage appropriate member actions.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k97gkd06kth-en
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  • 58
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    Defining and measuring green investments : implications for institutional investors' asset allocations (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 24
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; Definition ; Messung ; Portfolio-Management ; Institutioneller Investor ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This definitional, stocktaking paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the concepts and definitions related to “green” investments that are currently used in the market place. The purpose of this research is not to take a position on a specific definition but rather to explore what is being generally used, whether there are commonalties and inconsistencies, and what lessons can be drawn from this analysis. The paper examines how “green” investments are defined across different asset classes (equities, bonds and alternative investments), as well as providing some estimates of the size of these markets. The paper concludes that, given the lack of consensus on the usage and definition of the term “green”, the most productive approach could be to take an open and dynamic stance towards definitions and standards, with international institutions and governments adopting a “governance approach to green investment”.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k9312twnn44-en
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  • 59
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    The role of funded pensions in retirement income systems : issues for the Russian Federation (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 27
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Kapitaldeckungsverfahren ; Russland ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Russian Federation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews the recent development of the funded pension system in the Russian Federation and considers it role in the context of the overall retirement income system. By describing current OECD practices and policy recommendations and comparing them with the current Russian pension system, the report aims to facilitate ongoing discussions between the OECD and the Russian Federation regarding the latter’s pension system. The report is based to a large extent on existing OECD published material, in particular the latest edition of OECD Pensions at a Glance (2011) and the OECD Pensions Outlook 2012. It also draws on the OECD review of labour and social policy published in December 2011.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k9180xv25xw-en
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  • 60
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    Testing the effect of defaults on the thermostat settings of OECD employees (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 51
    Keywords: OECD ; Büroimmobilien ; Energieeinsparung ; Arbeitskräfte ; Verhalten in Organisationen ; Experiment ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Default options have been shown to affect behaviour in a variety of economic choice tasks, including health care and retirement savings. Less research has tested whether defaults affect behaviour in the domain of energy efficiency. This study uses data from a randomized controlled experiment in which the default settings on office thermostats in an OECD office building were manipulated during the winter heating season, and employees’ chosen thermostat setting observed over a 6 week period. Using difference-in-differences, panel, and censored regression models (to control for maximum allowable thermostat settings), we find that a 1°C decrease in the default caused a reduction in the chosen setting by 0.38°C on average. Sixty-five percent of this effect could be attributed to office occupant behaviour (p-value=0.044). The difference-in-differences model shows that small decreases in the default (1°) led to a greater reduction in chosen settings than large decreases (2°). We also find that office occupants who are more apt to adjust their thermostats prior to the intervention were less susceptible to the default. We find no evidence that offices with multiple occupants displayed different patterns in thermostat choices than single-occupant offices. We conclude that this kind of intervention can increase building-level energy efficiency, and discuss potential explanations and broader policy implications of our findings.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k8xdh41r8jd-en
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  • 61
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    Measuring financial literacy : results of the OECD International Network on Financial Education (INFE) pilot study (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 15
    Keywords: Finanzwissen ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the findings from an OECD International Network on Financial Education pilot study undertaken in 14 countries. The analysis focuses on variations in financial knowledge, behaviour and attitude across countries and within countries by socio-demographics.The results highlight a lack of financial knowledge amongst a sizeable proportion of the population in each of the countries surveyed. Furthermore, there is considerable room for improvement in terms of financial behaviour. Attitudes are shown to vary widely. These results will enable countries to identify needs and gaps in financial education provision and develop national policies or strategies. They also provide a sound evidence base for developing OECD recommendations and principles.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k9csfs90fr4-en
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  • 62
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    Infrastructure investment in new markets : challenges and opportunities for pension funds (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 26
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Pensionskasse ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report reviews the existing evidence on pension fund investment in infrastructure in “new” markets, covering a number of non-OECD countries, such as Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa, as well as some OECD countries like Chile and Mexico. In the African, Asian, and Latin American countries surveyed, domestic pension funds invest more than USD 15 bn in infrastructure projects, around 1.3% of the total assets managed (USD 1.1 trillion as of December 2010). Foreign pension funds, given their large size, could be a potentially major source of funding, but most have only recently started investing in infrastructure projects and have focused their attention in mature markets. The report concludes with a series of policy recommendations to facilitate infrastructure investments in new markets.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k8xff424vln-en
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  • 63
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    Communicating pension risk to DC plan members : the Chilean case of a pension risk simulator (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 28
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Chile ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss a few issues related to how best to communicate uncertainty about projections of future pension benefits to members of DC plans, and especially to present a pension risk simulator developed by the Chilean regulator (Superintendencia de Pensiones, SP) that addresses directly how to convey that uncertainty and aims at eliciting a pro-active response from individuals in terms of contributing more and for longer.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k9181hxzmlr-en
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  • 64
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    Current status of national strategies for financial education : a comparative analysis and relevant practices (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 16
    Keywords: Finanzwissen ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In both developing and developed economies, the awareness of the importance of financial education led to the development of an increasing number of tailored national strategies for financial education. These frameworks promote a smoother and more sustainable co-operation between interested parties and stakeholders, avoid duplication of resources and allow the development of articulated and tailored roadmaps with measurable and realistic objectives based on dedicated national assessments. The comparative analysis shows how countries overcame a series of challenges such as lack of resources, the identification a leading institution, gathering all stakeholders around common objectives and move efficiently to the operational phase. The experiences analysed in this report provide a global picture of the situation in 2011/12 and a selection of relevant solutions and tools to address these issues in a replicable way. This comparative report should be seen as a background document and as a complement to High-level Principles on National Strategies for Financial Education prepared by the OECD and its International Network on Financial Education (INFE).
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k9bcwct7xmn-en
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  • 65
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    The status of financial education in Africa (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 25
    Keywords: Finanzwissenschaft ; Afrika ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: While the African situation displays disparities both within and between countries in terms of economic and human development, on average, many African countries have relatively low school enrolment ratios, highly informal labour markets, high poverty rates, as well as low financial inclusion and financial literacy levels. Against this backdrop, it is desirable to improve the level of financial literacy among the most vulnerable parts of the African population. Well-designed financial education initiatives can reduce demand-side barriers to more effective financial inclusion and can empower vulnerable individuals economically, so that they can better manage household resources and develop income generating activities. This report provides an overview of the status of financial education programmes developed in Africa, discusses their rationale, and offers initial guidance for policy makers. In recent years public authorities, as well as the non-profit and the private sector, engaged in the development of financial education programmes in several African countries. These programmes typically aim at improving financial knowledge and skills, raising awareness of financial issues, and improving financial inclusion. They usually target vulnerable groups, including low-income people, women, and youth, and sometimes deliver financial literacy training in combination with access to financial products.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k94cqqx90wl-en
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  • 66
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    Trends in large pension fund investment in infrastructure (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 29
    Keywords: Pensionskasse ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Favourable conditions such as the growth of pension fund assets, privatisation trends and changing regulations have increased the interest of institutional investors in infrastructure investment. However, data on pension fund investment in infrastructure is limited. National statistical agencies do not currently collect separate data on these investments, and the different modes available to investors to gain exposure to infrastructure means that information is buried under different headings. This paper is based on a recent survey of some of the largest pension funds across different regions, accounting for over USD 7 trillion of assets under management. We look at how much these investors have allocated to infrastructure, what is considered as infrastructure, where it fits in the total portfolio allocation, what approaches and forms of investment have been taken, what are recent trends in relation to infrastructure and asset allocation, regulation and green investment. A better understanding of these issues is necessary from a policy perspective in order to be able to attract institutional investors to the infrastructure sector.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k8xd1p1p7r3-en
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  • 67
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    The effect of solvency regulations and accounting standards on long-term investing : implications for insurers and pension funds (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 30
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report reviews recent as well as planned changes to accounting and solvency regulations affecting insurers and pension funds and how they may impact long-term investing by these institutions. The review of existing evidence focuses mainly on the impact of risk-based solvency requirements, identifying instances where such regulations may have driven changes in investment strategies and potentially led to pro-cyclical investment behaviour such as the fire-sale of assets in market downturns. The report concludes with a note of caution regarding the application of strict fair value and risk-based solvency rules.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k8xd1nm3d9n-en
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  • 68
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    Buyback and exchange operations : policies, procedures and practices among OECD public debt managers (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on sovereign borrowing and public debt management 5
    Keywords: Schuldenmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reports on a survey carried out among OECD government debt managers on the use of bond buybacks and exchange operations. The survey shows that government debt managers use extensively bond buybacks and exchanges (often referred to as "switches") as liability management tools.Bond exchanges and buyback operations serve two main purposes. First, by reducing the outstanding amounts of bonds close to maturity, exchanges and buybacks help in reducing roll-over peaks and thus lowering refinancing risk. Second, exchanges and buybacks allow debt managers to increase the issuance of on-the-run securities above and beyond what would otherwise have been possible. The resulting more rapid build-up of new bonds enhances market liquidity of these securities. This in turn should eventually be reflected in higher bond prices. Hence, bond exchanges and buybacks are aimed at lowering refinancing risk. In addition these operations may also contribute to lower funding costs for governments.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92v18rh80v-en
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  • 69
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    Financial education, savings and investments : an overview (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 22
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Savings and investments by individuals are important both for personal financial well-being and for economic growth. Many governments try to encourage their citizens to save more, or to save more appropriately, by preferring formal institutions to informal saving and by promoting more diversification. However, there are considerable barriers to saving, including limited access to financial markets by some groups, complexity of financial products and information asymmetries. Knowledge and understanding of saving and investment concepts is particularly low in many countries. In addition, there are behavioural and cultural factors which may limit people’s propensity to save. As a consequence, policy makers have developed several strategies to influence whether and how individuals save. Policy responses typically involve a combination of prudential regulation and consumer protection legislation, financial incentives, financial education and awareness initiatives, as well as behavioural techniques to encourage people into sound saving decisions.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k94gxrw760v-en
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  • 70
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    Lessons from national pensions communication campaigns (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 18
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The present report focuses on the pre-campaign planning, the design, the delivery, and the monitoring and evaluation of National Pension Communication Campaigns in a range of OECD and non-OECD countries. The research identifies barriers to effective communications and highlights models of good practice in order to help organisers design campaigns that are more effective in terms of impact and more efficient in the way they use resources. In particular, the report argues that the success of campaign organisers will depend on their ability to set realistic and measurable goals that can be delivered in a timely, cost-effective and innovative manner to achieve maximum impact. The report also calls for better evaluation of campaigns and more targeted communication that delivers clearer messages.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k98xwz5z09v-en
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  • 71
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    Coverage of private pension systems : evidence and policy options (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 20
    Keywords: Private Altersvorsorge ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: To adapt pension systems to demographic trends, many countries are reducing pay-as-you-go public pension levels and lifting retirement ages. In this context, funded pensions could play a major role to avoid adequacy gaps. Yet, as this paper shows, the coverage of funded private pensions, as measured by enrolment rates, is highly uneven across countries and between individuals, especially in voluntary systems. Some countries have made funded pensions compulsory (e.g. Australia, Chile) or quasimandatory (e.g. Denmark, the Netherlands) to ensure that most workers are covered and therefore have access to a sufficiently high complementary pension. However, in other countries with relatively low pay-as-you-go public pension benefits, funded private provision remains voluntary. The low level of funded pensions’ coverage in such countries should be a major policy concern. Recent policy initiatives in Germany and New Zealand, involving the introduction of financial incentives (and auto enrolment in New Zealand) have been effective in raising coverage to the highest levels among voluntary pension arrangements, but coverage gaps remain that need to be addressed.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k94d6gh2w6c-en
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  • 72
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    The role of institutional investors in financing clean energy (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 23
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Institutioneller Investor ; Pensionskasse ; Versicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Decarbonising the world?s energy system, moving towards a resource efficient economy and providing energy access for all will require doubling existing investment levels to around USD 2 trillion a year or 2% of GDP. Governments understand that large sums of capital will be required, and many are also realising the need for further recourse to private capital as public finances have become strained in many developed countries. Simultaneously, banking sector provision of long-term finance has become tighter due deleveraging and new financial regulations. With their USD 71 trillion in assets, institutional investors potentially have an important role to play. Given the current low interest rate environment and weak economic growth prospects in many OECD countries, institutional investors are increasingly looking for real asset classes which can deliver steady, preferably inflation-linked, income streams with low correlations to the returns of other investments. Clean energy projects may combine these sought-after characteristics. Yet – outside the major pension funds and insurance companies – institutional investor allocations to clean energy projects remain limited, particularly when it comes to the types of direct investment which can help close the financing gap. Reasons for institutional investor hesitancy include a lack of information and expertise when it comes to the type of direct infrastructure investment required to finance clean energy projects, and a potentially unsupportive regulatory backdrop. These problems are compounded by a lack of suitable investment vehicles providing the risk/return profile that institutional investors need to manage the risks specific to clean energy projects. There are many species of risk, including regulatory risk stemming from a lack of clarity in terms of environmental and climate policy, and retroactive changes to support mechanisms. Progress is being made – with investor groups coming together to use their scale and build their expertise in clean energy investment. From the public and private sectors, actions are underway to scale up green bond offerings, create risk-mitigating public finance mechanisms and co-investment funding structures. These initiatives need to be encouraged, carefully monitored, and expanded where successful.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9312v21l6f-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dispute settlement provisions in international investment agreements : a large summary survey (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment 2012/02
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on international investment
    Keywords: bilateral investment treaty ; international arbitration ; foreign investment ; regulation ; international investment law ; dispute resolution ; international investment ; international investment agreements ; Finance and Investment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Investor-State dispute settlement mechanisms (ISDS) are an important component of most International Investment Agreements (IIAs) and have significant influence on how disputes between States and investors are resolved. This statistical survey of a large sample of 1,660 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) identifies the main parameters of ISDS regulation in BITs; traces their emergence, frequency and dissemination over time; and highlights past and recent country-specific treaty practice. The survey finds among other things that many countries define the procedural framework thinly compared to advanced domestic procedural frameworks, despite a broad trend toward greater regulation in treaties of parameters of ISDS. Many treaties offer foreign investors a range of procedural choices, such as a choice between arbitration fora. The survey also highlights the diversity that characterises the design of ISDS: over a thousand different combinations of rules regulating ISDS can be found in only 1,660 bilateral treaties –, with variation found both at editorial and substantial level. Differences in policy approaches between countries are the source of some of this variance, but it appears that much of it may not reflect differences in policy. The study also found little evidence of general convergence of approaches towards regulating ISDS in BITs, or indeed much development in the BIT negotiating practice of a number of countries. A different approach, characterised by significantly more thorough ISDS regulation and pioneered by some countries, seems to spread increasingly in multilateral IIAs and more comprehensive treaties.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k8xb71nf628-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 74
    Book
    Book
    How's life? : Measuring well-being (2011)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264111615
    Language: English
    Pages: 282 S. , graph. Darst. , 27 cm
    Series Statement: OECD better life initiative
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306
    RVK:
    MS 1330
    RVK:
    MS 2600
    RVK:
    MS 4050
    RVK:
    QX 700
    Keywords: OECD ; Gesundheitsindikator ; Wohlbefinden ; Gesundheit ; Public health ; Public health / Evaluation ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Wohlbefinden ; Gesundheit ; OECD ; Gesundheitsindikator
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    Book
    HU Berlin
    München UB
    KOBV
    BVB
  • 75
    Book
    Book
    Strategies to improve rural service delivery (2010)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264083950
    Language: English
    Pages: 120 S. , graph. Darst., Kt
    Series Statement: OECD rural policy reviews
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Strategies to improve rural service delivery
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strategies to Improve Rural Service Delivery
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Ländlicher Raum ; Dienstleistungssektor ; OECD-Staaten ; Ländlicher Raum ; Dienstleistungssektor ; Ländlicher Raum ; Dienstleistungssektor ; OECD
    Note: Literaturangaben
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264083967-en
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    GBV
    KOBV
  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coherence for health : innovation for new medicines for infectious diseases (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060166
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 151 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: The development dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Coherence for health
    DDC: 338.4/76151
    Keywords: Pharmaceutical policy Congresses ; Drug development Congresses ; Communicable diseases Congresses ; Pharmaceutical industry Congresses ; Entwicklungsländer ; Medizinische Versorgung ; Arzneimittelversorgung ; OECD
    Note: "[This publication] brings together the report, outcomes and background papers for the High-Level Forum on Policy Coherence: Availability of Medicines for Neglected and Emerging Infectious Diseases (HLF), held in June 2007 in Noordwijk-aan-Zee, Netherlands"--P. 4 , Includes bibliographical references , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060166-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovation and growth : chasing a moving frontier (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 268 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Innovation and growth
    DDC: 658.4063
    RVK:
    QR 000
    Keywords: Economic development ; Technological innovations Economic aspects ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Entwicklungsländer ; Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. In this volume, the OECD and the World Bank jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth. The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national inno
    Note: Enth. 10 Beitr. - Enth. Literaturangaben , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073975-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Doing better for children (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Doing better for children
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    Keywords: Child welfare ; Child welfare Statistics ; Children Statistics Social conditions ; Children Social conditions ; OECD ; Kind
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Assurer le bien-être des enfants , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059344-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The financing of nuclear power plants (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Nuclear development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The financing of nuclear power plants
    DDC: 333.7924
    Keywords: Nuclear industry Finance ; Nuclear power plants Finance ; OECD ; Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: Many countries have recognised that greater use of nuclear power could play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, given the high capital cost and complexity of nuclear power plants, financing their construction often remains a challenge. This is especially true where such financing is left to the private sector in the context of competitive electricity markets. . This study examines the financial risks involved in investing in a new nuclear power plant, how these can be mitigated, and how projects can be structured so that residual risks are taken by those best ab
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents ; Executive Summary; Introduction ; Historical perspectives and experience; The major challenges to financing new nuclear power plants; Structuring and financing nuclear projects; The role of governments and other public bodies; Conclusions and recommendations; Appendix 1. Background on financing NPPs in selected countries; Appendix 2. List of expert group members
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Le financement des centrales nucléaires , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079229-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assurer le bien-être des enfants (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059368
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 214 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Doing Better for Children
    Keywords: Social work with children ; Child welfare ; OECD ; Kind
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Doing better for children , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059368-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Promoting consumer education : trends, policies and good practices (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Promoting consumer education
    Keywords: Consumer education ; Consumer education Study and teaching ; OECD ; Verbrauchererziehung ; Verbraucherschutz ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Consumers today are challenged by growing amounts of information and wider choices of products, requiring them to develop skills and knowledge for making good choices in complex markets. This publication examines the approaches that governments use to promote consumer education in OECD and some non-OECD countries, highlighting the policies and measures that have been particularly effective. It also analyzes recent trends, the role of stakeholders, steps being taken to evaluate the effectiveness of current programs and the principal challenges.--Publisher's description
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La promotion de l'éducation des consommateurs , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060098-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International migration : the human face of globalisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD insights
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Keeley, Brian International migration
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    RVK:
    MS 3600
    RVK:
    QU 400
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Economic aspects ; Emigration and immigration ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Globalisierung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-167) , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Les migrations internationales , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055780-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rethinking e-government services : user-centred approaches (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059412
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 242 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD e-government studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Rethinking e-government services
    RVK:
    MF 7080
    Keywords: Internet in public administration ; OECD ; E-Government
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Repenser les services d'administration électronique : approches centrées sur les usagers , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059412-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Internet access for development (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: The development dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Internet access for development
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Economic development ; Internet Economic aspects ; Internet Government policy ; Internet Social aspects ; Internet service providers ; Wireless communication systems ; Internet and the poor ; Entwicklungsländer ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Internet ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Kohärenz ; OECD ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-108) , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056312-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How regions grow : trends and analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. How regions grow
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Economic development Regional disparities ; Economic development ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105) , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Régions et croissance , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039469-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 86
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    Online Resource
    Aid effectiveness : a progress report on implementing the Paris Declaration (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050877 , 9781282102910
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. UK MyiLibrary 2009 Electronic reproduction
    Edition: Also available in print
    Series Statement: Better aid
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Aid effectiveness
    DDC: 338.91
    Keywords: Economic assistance Evaluation ; Economic assistance, European Evaluation ; OECD ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Effizienz
    Abstract: The 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness defines the principles and commitments by which donors and developing countries intend to ensure that aid is as effective as possible in contributing to the Millennium Development Goals and other internationally agreed development objectives. This report is a mid-term review of progress towards these commitments.--Publisher's description
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also issued in French under title: Efficacité de l'aide , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Efficacité de l'aide , Also available in print. , Electronic reproduction
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050877-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The political economy of reform : lessons from pensions, product markets and labour markets in ten OECD countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073111
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 501 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Tompson, William The political economy of reform
    DDC: 339.5
    RVK:
    MF 9100
    RVK:
    MK 8500
    Keywords: Manpower policy ; Pensions ; OECD countries Economic policy ; OECD ; Rentenreform ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Deregulierung
    Abstract: This report examines why some policy reforms get implemented and others languish by examining 20 structural reform efforts in 10 OECD countries over the past two decades. The case studies cover a wide variety of reform attempts in three key areas: pensions, labour- and product-market regulation. Key factors in the political, economic and reform-specific arenas are identified as helping or hindering reform, and these findings are cross-checked using a relatively simple set of Spearman rank correlations. The report's two-pronged analytical approach - quantitative and qualitative - results i
    Note: Literaturangaben , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'économie politique de la réforme , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073111-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The state of the public service (2008)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (93 S.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The state of the public service
    DDC: 352.3
    RVK:
    MF 7500
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Dienst ; OECD-Staaten ; Administrative agencies OECD countries ; Management ; Civil service OECD countries ; Civil service OECD countries ; Personnel management ; OECD ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Dienst
    Abstract: Over the past 20 years, the management of the public service has changed tremendously in most OECD countries. First, governments have tried to reduce the size of their public employment to decrease the costs of producing government services, either directly or indirectly by contracting out the production of services to the private sector under the assumption that it would be more efficient. Second, in many cases, governments have tried to apply general good management principles to the management of public employees. As a consequence, many areas of public employment have lost their uniqueness and have become quite similar to the general employment system in the different countries. This book takes stock of the main changes in the management of public services across OECD countries. It also examines how countries manage to find a balance between, on the one hand, attention to fundamental values such as fairness, equity, justice and social cohesion to maintain political confidence in the government system as a whole and, on the other hand, a focus on efficiency, productivity and effectiveness.
    Note: Auch als Buch-Ausg. erschienen
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  • 89
    Book
    Book
    A profile of immigrant populations in the 21st century : data from OECD countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040908
    Language: English
    Pages: 198 S. , graph. Darst., Kt.
    DDC: 305.9/06912
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    Keywords: OECD ; Geschichte 2000 ; Inmigrantes - Países OECD ; Einwanderer ; Migration ; Immigrants ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Einwanderer ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Statistik ; Statistik ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Statistik ; Statistik ; OECD ; Einwanderer ; Geschichte 2000 ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Mitgliedsstaaten
    Abstract: This publication presents and discusses some of the key information available in the newly created Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC). The many graphs and tables include data on: immigrants' demography including age, gender and duration of stay; and their labor market outcomes including labor market status, occupation and sector of activity. The book consists of nine thematic chapters, each including a brief description of sources, and a discussion of cross-country differences. The chapters also include a short analysis of specific issues relevant to the data, such as the gender dimension of "brain drain", the international migration of health professionals, and the role of low-skilled foreign-born workers in domestic services. An introductory chapter provides an overview of the data to present a picture of international migration to the OECD from four regions: Africa, Asia, and Latin America and from within the OECD area. A methodogical note completes the report by summarizing the different sources and methods applied and explaining the structure of the new DIOC.--Publisher's description.
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    MPI-MMG
  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growing unequal? : Income distribution and poverty in OECD countries (2008)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9264044183 , 9789264044180
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 312 S., 4,11 MB) , zahlr. graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Growing unequal?
    DDC: 339.2/2
    RVK:
    QX 040
    Keywords: Poverty ; Income distribution ; OECD ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD ; Armut
    Abstract: Growing Unequal? brings together a range of analyses on the distribution of economic resources in OECD countries. The evidence on income distribution and poverty covers, for the first time, all 30 OECD countries in the mid-2000s, while information on trends extending back to the mid-1980s is provided for around two-thirds of the countries. The report also describes inequalities in a range of domains (such as household wealth, consumption patterns, in-kind public services) that are typically excluded from conventional discussion about the distribution of economic resources among individuals and households. The report provides evidence of a fairly generalised increase in income inequality over the past two decades across the OECD, but the timing, intensity and causes of the increase differ from what is typically suggested in the media. Precisely how much inequality there is in a society is not determined randomly, nor is it beyond the power of governments to change, so long as they take note of the sort of up-to-date evidence included in this report.
    Abstract: Growing Unequal? brings together a range of analyses on the distribution of economic resources in OECD countries. The evidence on income distribution and poverty covers, for the first time, all 30 OECD countries in the mid-2000s, while information on trends extending back to the mid-1980s is provided for around two-thirds of the countries. The report also describes inequalities in a range of domains (such as household wealth, consumption patterns, in-kind public services) that are typically excluded from conventional discussion about the distribution of economic resources among individuals and
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Croissance et inégalités , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The looming crisis in the health workforce : how can OECD countries respond? (2008)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 1281922196 , 9264050442 , 9789264050440 , 9781281922199 , 9789264050433
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: OECD health policy studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The looming crisis in the health workforce
    DDC: 362.10723
    RVK:
    QV 200
    Keywords: Medical personnel Management ; Medical personnel Supply and demand ; OECD ; Medizinisches Personal ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: OECD countries face a challenge in responding to the growing demand for doctors and nurses over the next 20 years. This arises in a world which is already characterised by significant international migration of health workers, both across OECD countries and between some developing countries and the OECD area.What combination of human-resource management policies and migration policies have OECD countries adopted? How do migration and other health-workforce policies interact with each other? How can destination countries build a sustainable health workforce? What are the consequences of emigration of doctors and nurses for origin countries? This book provides new evidence on each of these questions and identifies possible ways forward. It is the main outcome of a joint OECD-WHO project on the management of health-related human resources and international migration.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Auch als Buch-Ausg. erschienen , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    More than just jobs : workforce development in a skills-based economy (2008)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9264043276 , 9789264043282 , 9789264043275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (251 S.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. More than just jobs
    RVK:
    QV 240
    Keywords: Labor policy ; Occupational training ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Beschäftigungsförderung ; Ausbildungsförderung
    Abstract: "Job placement" has been the traditional goal of labour and employment policies, but this report argues otherwise. To stay competitive in a globalised economy, governments must also strive to enhance the skills of workers, increase their productivity and provide upward mobility to immigrants and the disadvantaged. This report provides valuable insights into how labour policies can be expanded to meet economic development and social cohesion goals, while also reconciling national and local concerns. Studies from seven OECD countries are presented (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States), each analysing attempts to expand workforce development policies and bridge the gap between national and local initiatives. Included are various types of government/private sector partnerships in the United States, regional training in France and Australia's efforts to customise policies to local needs. Based on the country studies, the report then makes specific recommendations and suggestions on how workforce development policies can be expanded and improved.
    Note: Enth. 9 Beitr , Parallel als Buch-Ausg. erschienen , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing administrative burdens across countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008212
    Language: English
    Pages: 176 S.
    Series Statement: Cutting red tape
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Keywords: Verwaltung ; Kosten ; Transport ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten
    Note: Zsfass. in eng. u. franz. Sprache
    URL: Volltext
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  • 94
    Book
    Book
    Understanding the social outcomes of learning (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033108
    Language: English
    Pages: 131 S. , graph. Darst.
    DDC: 306.432
    RVK:
    DF 3000
    RVK:
    DF 9000
    RVK:
    DU 1000
    Keywords: OECD ; Leerprocessen ; Sociale attituden ; Erziehung ; Gesellschaft ; Education Social aspects ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Humankapital ; Soziales Engagement ; Gesundheitsverhalten ; Fähigkeit ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Sozialstatus ; Bildung ; Gesundheit ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Bildung ; Sozialstatus ; Gesundheitsverhalten ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Humankapital ; Gesundheit ; Fähigkeit ; Soziales Engagement
    Abstract: Education is vital for economic success, both at the national and the individual level. But education also has significant social effects. This report is OECD's first attempt to gather and synthesize developments in measuring these social effects. The report focuses on two broad areas: health, and civic and social engagement. In general, better educated people are healthier, and take more part in civic activities. Why should this be so? This publication draws on findings from 13 OECD countries (Austria, Flemish Belgium, Canada, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom [England and Scotland] and the United States) to provide new models and insights into these issues.--Publisher's description.
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    Book
    HU Berlin
    München BSB
    München UB
    KOBV
    BVB
  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effective targeting of agricultural policies : best practices for policy design and implementation (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9264038272 , 9789264038288 , 9789264038271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Effective targeting of agricultural policies
    DDC: 338.18
    Keywords: Agriculture and state ; OECD ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: Agricultural policies are dominated by broad measures such as market price support and general payments to all land, animals or farmers. As a result, it is often difficult to associate a particular policy with any specific objective. Recognising the challenge facing policy makers who wish to design more precisely targeted policies, this study defines the operational characteristics of targeted policies and illustrates best practice with concrete examples. The relationship between target variables and objectives is explored and practical ways to define targets or actions are also examined.
    Abstract: Agricultural policies are dominated by broad measures such as market price support and general payments to all land, animals or farmers. As a result, it is often difficult to associate a particular policy with any specific objective.  Recognising the challenge facing policy makers who wish to design more precisely targeted policies, this study defines the operational characteristics of targeted policies and illustrates best practice with concrete examples. The relationship between target variables and objectives is explored and practical ways to define targets or actions are also examined
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81) , Published in French under the title: Ciblage efficace des politiques agricoles : bonnes pratiques pour le développement et la mise en œuvre des politiques , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Ciblage efficace des politiques agricoles , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bribery in public procurement : methods, actors and counter-measures (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 0,61 MB)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Bribery in public procurement
    DDC: 364.1/323
    RVK:
    QL 300
    RVK:
    QL 415
    Keywords: Bribery Prevention ; Bribery ; Government purchasing Corrupt practices ; OECD ; Öffentliche Beschaffung ; Bestechung
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. Analysis of corruption in public procurement -- pt. 2. Analysis of the actors engaging in bribery and typical corruption agreements -- pt. 3. Preventing, detection and sanctioning bribery in public procurement -- pt. 4. Ten anonymous studies on bribery in public procurement.
    Note: "Nicola Ehlermann-Cache ... is the lead author of this publication."--Foreword , Includes bibliographical references , Published in French under the title: Corruption dans les marchés publics : méthodes, acteurs et contre-mesures , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Corruption dans les marchés publics : méthodes, acteurs et contre-mesures , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013964-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrity in public procurement : good practice from A to Z (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Integrity in public procurement
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Keywords: Government purchasing ; OECD ; Öffentliche Beschaffung ; Integrität ; Transparenz ; Kontrolle
    Note: "Also available in French under the title: L'intégrité dans les marchés publics : les bonnes practiques de A à Z , Bibliography: p. 161-171 , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'intégrité dans les marchés publics : les bonnes pratiques de A à Z , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264027510-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking regions and central governments : contracts for regional development (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 926400873X , 9789264008755 , 9789264008731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Linking regions and central governments
    DDC: 307.12094
    Keywords: Regional planning ; Decentralization in government Case studies ; Regional planning Case studies ; Central-local government relations ; OECD countries Case studies Economic conditions ; Regional disparities ; OECD countries Case studies Economic policy ; OECD ; Regionalpolitik ; Dezentralisation ; Föderalismus ; Regionalentwicklung
    Note: Also available in French under the title: Régions et gouvernement central : des contrats pour le développement régional , Includes bibliographical references , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Régions et gouvernement central , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008755-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ageing and the public service : human resource challenges (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 264 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ageing and the public service
    DDC: 305.26
    RVK:
    MF 7500
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Ältere Menschen ; Altersgrenze ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Population aging Government policy ; Population aging Social aspects ; Older people Retirement ; Older people Services for ; Older people Government policy ; OECD countries Officials and employees ; Retirement ; OECD ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Verwaltung ; Arbeitnehmer ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Kosten ; Kapazitätsmanagement
    Abstract: Government workforces are ageing even more rapidly than the rest of society. This raises specific challenges and opportunities. An ageing public service increases fiscal burdens while decreasing immediate capacities to deliver services. In the long run, however, it also offers a strategic opportunity to downsize the public sector workforce if necessary and to change employment conditions and the management of government employees where this is deemed reasonable. This book reviews the experience of 9 OECD member countries in this field. It presents some conclusions on strategies that countries could implement in order to adjust their human resource policies to the wider ageing challenge.
    Abstract: Government workforces are ageing even more rapidly than the rest of society. This raises specific challenges and opportunities. An ageing public service increases fiscal burdens while decreasing immediate capacities to deliver services. In the long run, however, it also offers a strategic opportunity to downsize the public sector workforce if necessary and to change employment conditions and the management of government employees where this is deemed reasonable. This book reviews the experience of 9 OECD member countries in this field. It presents some conclusions on strategies that countries
    Note: Also published in French under title: Vieillissement et service public , Includes bibliographical references , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Vieillissement et service public , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    GBV
    KOBV
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance budgeting in OECD countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034051
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 226 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Performance budgeting in OECD countries
    RVK:
    QL 010
    RVK:
    QP 360
    Keywords: Program budgeting ; Budget ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Haushaltsaufstellung ; Leistungsbewertung ; Effizienzkriterium
    Note: "The book was edited by Teresa Curristine"--Foreword , Also available in French under the title: La budgétisation axée sur la performance dans les pays de l'OCDE , Includes bibliographical references , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: La budgétisation axée sur la performance dans les pays de l'OCDE , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034051-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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