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  • BSZ  (210)
  • Genetic epistemology
  • Modern philosophy.
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030469665
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 324 p. 42 illus., 8 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    Series Statement: World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Globalization. ; Evolutionary economics. ; Modern philosophy. ; Physical anthropology. ; World history. ; World politics.
    Abstract: Introduction -- PART I: Contextualizing Our Present -- Historical Foundations for Future Speculations -- History of the future -- PART II: Challenges of a Global Metasystem -- Human Metasystem Transitions -- Control Dynamics of Human Metasystems -- Global Brain and the Future of Human Society -- Global Commons in the Global Brain -- PART II: Signs of a New Evolution -- Biocultural Theory of Human Reproduction -- Atechnogenesis and Technocultural Evolution -- Deep Future, Evolutionary Developmental Pathways -- PART IV: Field of 21st Century Knowledge -- Non-Monist Framework for the Emergence and Reconciliation of Subject-Object Division -- Symbolic Orders and Structure of Universal Internalization -- A Reflective Note for Dialectical Thinkers -- Dialectical Approach to Singularity -- Conclusion: Universal history, deep future, eternal present.
    Abstract: This book introduces readers to global brain singularity through a logical meditation on the temporal dynamics of the universal process. Global brain singularity is conceived of as a future metasystem of human civilization that represents a qualitatively higher coherence of order. To better understand the potential of this phenomenon, the book begins with an overview of universal history. The focus then shifts to the structure of human systems, and the notion that contemporary global civilization must mediate the emergence of a commons that will transform the future of politics, economics and psychosocial life in general. In this context the book presents our species as biocultural evolutionary agents attempting to create a novel and independent domain of technocultural evolution that affords us new levels of freedom. Lastly, the book underscores the internal depths of the present moment, structured by a division between subject and object. The nature of the interaction between subject and object would appear to govern the mechanics of a spiritual process that is key to understanding the meaning of singularity inclusive of observers. Given its scope, the book will appeal to readers interested in systems approaches to the emerging world society, especially historians, philosophers and social scientists. “This book is an impressive piece of scholarship, integrating results from disciplines as diverse as history, cosmology, philosophy and economics in order to understand the changes in our present information society. These changes are so drastic that they point to a singularity, i.e. a discontinuous transition to a wholly different regime. The author lucidly reviews the main scenarios for this "singular" future that have been proposed by contemporary academics, pointing out their strengths and weaknesses.” Dr. Francis Heylighen, Cyberneticist and pioneer of the Global Brain concept.
    URL: Cover
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9783658174798
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 228 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of Religion ; Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: Dieser Band enthält eine Auswahl aus dem großen Bestand an Briefen, die Hans Albert zu Religionsfragen und zur Theologiekritik geschrieben hat. Er gibt neue und überraschende Einblicke in seinen Gedankenaustausch mit renommierten Theologen (Gerhard Ebeling, Heinzpeter Hempelmann, Peter Knauer, Armin Kreiner, Hans Küng, Helge Siemers), Religionsphilosophen (Helmut Groos, Hermann Lübbe) und dem Religionskritiker Karlheinz Deschner. Diese Korrespondenz gibt auch Auskunft über biographisch-historische Hintergründe, über die Entwicklung von Alberts Denken sowie über die Rezeption seiner Auffassungen und seine lebhafte Beteiligung an theologischen Auseinandersetzungen. Der von Albert vertretene Kritische Rationalismus ist mit der Forderung nach kritisch-rationaler Prüfung von Überzeugungen aller Art, mit der Zurückweisung verschiedener, fragwürdiger Formen von Rechtfertigungen und mit der Kritik an Immunisierungsstrategien nicht nur eine Herausforderung für die Theologie, sondern auch für eine mit dem christlichen Glauben zu vereinbarende Philosophie. Der Autor Prof. Dr. Hans Albert (1921) ist im deutschen Sprachraum einer der bedeutendsten Wissenschaftsphilosophen. Seit 1963 bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Jahr 1989 war er Professor für Soziologie und Wissenschaftslehre an der Universität Mannheim. Der Herausgeber PD Dr. phil. Dr. theol. habil. Giuseppe Franco (1981) ist Privatdozent an der Theologischen Fakultät der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Feodor Lynen-Forschungsstipendiat bei der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung an der Universität Salento/Lecce sowie Preisträger des Max-Weber-Preises für Wirtschaftsethik
    Abstract: Der theologische Briefwechsel von Hans Albert: Eine Einführung -- Im Gespräch mit evangelischen Theologen -- Im Gespräch mit Philosophen und Religionskritikern -- Im Gespräch mit katholischen Theologen -- Ausgewähltes Literaturverzeichnis
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler
    ISBN: 9783476049193
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 284 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: Springer eBooks
    Series Statement: J.B. Metzler Humanities
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 2017
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of Mind ; Philosophy of mind ; Analysis (Philosophy) ; Epistemology. ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Der Inhalt Ryle über praktische Intelligenz -- Praktische Intelligenz -- Intellektualismus und Anti-Intellektualismus -- Vermögen, Dispositionen und Fähigkeiten -- Wissen-wie und Wissen-dass
    Abstract: Wodurch zeichnet sich menschliches intelligentes Handeln aus und in welcher Beziehung steht dieses Handeln zum Wissen der handelnden Personen? Diesen Fragen wird im vorliegenden Buch nachgegangen. Praktische Intelligenz wird als Fähigkeit verstanden, im Denken, Handeln und Fühlen durch Standards und Normen geleitet zu werden. Aufbauend auf eine Interpretation von Überlegungen Gilbert Ryles entwickelt Hannes Worthmann einen neuartigen Ansatz, praktische Intelligenz und die Unterscheidung zwischen Wissen-wie und Wissen-dass jenseits verbreiteter intellektualistischer und anti-intellektualistischer Auffassungen verständlich zu machen. Der Inhalt Ryle über praktische Intelligenz Praktische Intelligenz Intellektualismus und Anti-Intellektualismus Vermögen, Dispositionen und Fähigkeiten Wissen-wie und Wissen-dass Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der Philosophie, Kognitionswissenschaft, Psychologie, Pädagogik, Bildungswissenschaft Lehrerinnen und Lehrer, Praktikerinnen und Praktiker aus Unterricht, Coaching und Mentoring Der Autor Hannes Worthmann hat an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, der UC Berkeley und der University of Chicago Philosophie und Deutsche Philologie studiert. Seit 2018 forscht und lehrt er als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Philosophie der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler Verlag
    ISBN: 9783476049353
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 164 Seiten)
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Sass, Hartmut von, 1980 - Wittgenstein und die Folgen 2020
    Series Statement: Springer eBooks
    Series Statement: J.B. Metzler Humanities
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Popular Science in Philosophy ; Logic ; Analysis (Philosophy) ; Aesthetics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Werk und Leben, oder: Wie viele Wittgensteins gibt es?- Wittgensteins ‚Werke‘ -- Der ‚Geist‘ der Schriften -- Eine bio-bibliographische Skizze -- Die Welt richtig sehen: Das Frühwerk bis 1929 -- Ausgangspunkte -- Tatsachen, Bilder und Sätze -- Philosophie, Ethik und Kunst -- Übergänge: 1929 bis 1936 -- Satz und Sprache -- ‚Philosophie‘ im Big Typescript -- Psychoanalyse der grammatischen Missdeutungen -- Philosophische Erkundungen weiter Gedankengebiete: November 1936 bis 1945 -- Philosophische Untersuchungen: Das Werk und die Themen -- ‚Buch‘ oder ‚Album‘?- Grammatische Betrachtungen -- Übersichtlichkeit, ‚übersichtliche Darstellung‘ -- Bedeutung -- Sprachspiele -- Familienähnlichkeiten -- Lebensformen -- Einer Regel folgen -- Privatsprache -- Logik und Mathematik -- Nach den Philosophischen Untersuchungen: 1946 – April 1951 -- Philosophie der Psychologie -- Weltbild und Gewissheit -- Wittgenstein und … -- … Wirkungen und Folgen?- … die neuere Philosophiegeschichte -- … die bildende Kunst -- … die Schriftsteller -- … die Musik -- … das Kino -- Zitierte Schriften Ludwig Wittgensteins -- Im Buch erwähnte Literatur
    Abstract: Ludwig Wittgenstein ist zweifellos einer der bedeutendsten und einflussreichsten Philosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts – und das, obwohl er zu Lebzeiten kaum etwas veröffentlicht hat. Bis heute wirken der Stil seines Philosophierens und seine Radikalität auf viele philosophisch außerordentlich inspirierend. Hinzu kommt das Schillernde seiner von Anekdoten umrankten Persönlichkeit, die in etlichen biographischen Werken aufgearbeitet wurde. Stefan Majetschak gibt einen konzisen Überblick über Leben und Gesamtwerk dieser Jahrhundertfigur und spürt ihren Wirkungen nach
    URL: Cover
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783476051066
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 295 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Springer eBooks
    Series Statement: J.B. Metzler Humanities
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg 2016
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Epistemology ; Philosophy. ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Wie ist Erfahrung zu begreifen? -- McDowells Konzeptualismus der Erfahrung als Antwort auf die Oszillation des empirischen Erkenntnisinteresses -- Kants Konzeptualismus der Erfahrung als Antwort auf den Skandal der Philosophie und allgemeinen Menschenvernunft -- Begriffene Erfahrung, erfahrene Welt – abschließende Gedanken
    Abstract: Welche Bedeutung haben begriffliche Fähigkeiten für die Wahrnehmung von rationalen Lebewesen und die Möglichkeit von Erfahrungserkenntnis? Ausgehend von einer kritisch-würdigenden Auseinandersetzung mit der Position John McDowells, wonach sinnliche Erfahrung genau dann epistemisch relevant ist, wenn begriffliche Fähigkeiten bereits in sinnlich-rezeptiver Erfahrung aktualisiert werden, zeigt die Autorin, dass eine Theorie perzeptiven Wissens zweierlei leisten muss: Sie muss erklären, wie Wahrnehmungen begrifflich gehaltvoll und zugleich direkt relational sein können. Im Anschluss wird eine Interpretation der nichtempirischen Theorie sinnlicher Erkenntnis von Immanuel Kant entwickelt, die diesen beiden Anforderungen soweit als möglich gerecht wird. Der Inhalt Wie ist Erfahrung zu begreifen? McDowells Konzeptualismus der Erfahrung als Antwort auf die Oszillation des empirischen Erkenntnisinteresses Kants Konzeptualismus der Erfahrung als Antwort auf den Skandal der Philosophie und allgemeinen Menschenvernunft Begriffene Erfahrung, erfahrene Welt – abschließende Gedanken Die Zielgruppen Dozenten und Studenten mit einem Interesse an den Themenfeldern Erkenntnistheorie, Philosophie des Geistes, Wahrnehmungsphilosophie sowie an der Philosophie John McDowells und der Philosophie Immanuel Kants Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler sowie an Erkenntnistheorie und Wahrnehmungsphilosophie Interessierte Die Autorin Annett Wienmeister ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Philosophie der Freien Universität Berlin
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658162399
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 799 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: Springer eBooks
    Series Statement: Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Epistemology ; Philosophy and science. ; Political philosophy.
    Abstract: Einleitung -- I. Karl Poppers Leben und Werk -- II. Karl Popper und der Umkreis seines Denkens -- III. Wissenschaftstheoretische Grundlagen -- IV. Metaphysik, Erkenntnistheorie und Biophilosophie -- V. Sozialphilosophie und politische Philosophie -- VI. Der Kritische Rationalismus in den Wissenschaften -- VII. Zur Wirkungsgeschichte des Kritischen Rationalismus -- Anhang: Chronologie von Karl Poppers Lebensdaten und seiner Werke -- Autorenverzeichnis -- Namensregister
    Abstract: Dieses Handbuch bietet einen verlässlichen, systematischen und umfassenden Zugang einerseits zu Leben und Werk Karl Poppers, andererseits zur breiten Wirkung seiner Ideen in Wissenschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft. Die Struktur des Handbuches macht es möglich, es als praktisches Referenzwerk für Forschung und Lehre zu verwenden, aber auch Studierenden und interessierten Laien einen ersten Zugang zu verschiedenen Themenbereichen zu ermöglichen und ihnen die Bandbreite von Poppers Kritischem Rationalismus zu vermitteln. Der Inhalt • Karl Poppers Leben und Werk • Karl Popper und der Umkreis seines Denkens • Wissenschaftstheoretische Grundlagen • Metaphysik, Erkenntnistheorie und Biophilosophie • Sozialphilosophie und politische Philosophie • Der Kritische Rationalismus in den Wissenschaften • Zur Wirkungsgeschichte des Kritischen Rationalismus Die Zielgruppen Studierende, Lehrende, Wissenschaftler, Praktiker in den entsprechenden Disziplinen Der Herausgebende PD Dr. phil. Dr. theol. habil. Giuseppe Franco (geb. 1981) ist Privatdozent an der Theologischen Fakultät der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Feodor Lynen-Forschungsstipendiat bei der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung sowie Preisträger des Max-Weber-Preises für Wirtschaftsethik
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9783319936956
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 281 p. 180 illus., 54 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context
    Series Statement: Springer eBooks
    Series Statement: Social Sciences
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bréard, Andrea Nine chapters on mathematical modernity
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; History of Mathematical Sciences ; China-History ; World history ; History ; Mathematics. ; Epistemology. ; Social sciences.
    Abstract: 1 Visions of Antiquity -- 2 The Ellipse Seen from 19th Century China -- 3 Filling Euclid’s Gaps -- 4 Negotiating a Linguistic Space in-between -- 5 Discourse Transformed: Changing Modes of Argumentation -- 6 Fate Calculation : The Mathematics of Divination -- 7 Data Management and Knowledge Production in Late Qing Institutions -- 8 Data Management and Knowledge Production in Late Qing Institutions -- 9 Visions of Modernity
    Abstract: The book addresses for the first time the dynamics associated with the modernization of mathematics in China from the nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century from a transcultural global historical perspective. Rather than depict the transformations of mathematical knowledge in terms of a process of westernization, the book analyzes the complex interactions between different scientific communities and the ways in which the past, modernity, language, and mathematics were negotiated in a global context. In each chapter, Andrea Bréard provides vivid portraits of a series of go-betweens (such as translators, educators, or state statisticians) based on a vast array of translated primary sources hitherto unavailable to a non-Chinese readership. They not only illustrate how Chinese scholars mediated between new mathematical objects and discursive modes, but also how they instrumentalized their autochthonous scientific roots in specific political and intellectual contexts. While sometimes technical in style, the book addresses all readers who are interested in the global and cultural history of science and the complexities involved in the making of universal mathematics. “While the pursuit of modernity is in the title, entanglement is of as much interest. Using the famous ‘Nine Chapters’ as a framework, Bréard considers a wide range of that entanglement from divination to data management. Bréard’s analysis and thought-provoking insights show once again how much we can learn when two cultures intersect. A fascinating read!” (John Day, Boston University)
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783658206819
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 781 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Moritz Schlick. Gesamtausgabe Band 1,1
    Series Statement: Abteilung 2, Nachgelassene Schriften
    Series Statement: Abteilung II: Nachgelassene Schriften
    Series Statement: Springer eBooks
    Series Statement: Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schlick, Moritz, 1882 - 1936 Gesamtausgabe ; Abteilung 2, Band 1,1: Nachgelassene Schriften: Frühe erkenntnistheoretische Schriften
    RVK:
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: Vorwort -- Einleitung -- Das Wesen der Wahrheit -- Wesen der Wahrheit II -- Die Lehre vom Raum in der gegenwärtigen Philosophie -- Über das Prinzip der logischen Induction -- Der Idealismus und seine Widerlegung -- Logik und Erkenntnistheorie -- Von den Kategorien und Anschauungsformen -- Dispositionen der Vorlesungen Wintersemester 1911/12 -- Über die Möglichkeit der Erkenntnistheorie -- Die Aufgabe der Erkenntnistheorie -- Grundzüge der Erkenntnislehre und Logik -- Erkenntnistheorie 2 -- Anhang
    Abstract: Die in diesem Band der Moritz Schlick Gesamtausgabe zusammengestellten Schriften stellen einen Großteil der unveröffentlichten Arbeiten dar, die Moritz Schlick am Anfang seiner philosophischen Laufbahn verfasst hat. Dabei wird vor allem deutlich, wie breit die fachlichen Interessen des jungen Philosophen bereits zu dieser Zeit waren. Die hier edierten Nachlasstexte, die zeitlich zwischen 1908 und 1911 entstanden sind, behandeln nahezu alle wesentlichen Debatten der Universitätsphilosophie der Zeit
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9783476046321
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 448 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Springer eBooks
    Series Statement: J.B. Metzler Humanities
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbuch Erkenntnistheorie
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: I Einleitung -- II Historische Stationen -- III Begriff und Natur des Wissens -- IV Begriff der Rechtfertigung -- V Epistemische Normen und Werte -- VI Skeptizismus -- VII Formale Erkenntnistheorie -- VIII Methoden der zeitgenössischen Erkenntnistheorie -- IX Schnittstellen
    Abstract: Die Erkenntnistheorie zählt zu den wichtigsten Teildisziplinen der theoretischen Philosophie. Seit 2000 hat sich die Disziplin sehr stark entwickelt. In diesem Zeitraum wurden in der Forschungsliteratur viele neue Antworten auf klassische erkenntnistheoretischen Fragen hervorgebracht und auch gänzlich neue Fragen und Probleme behandelt. Das Handbuch liefert einen Überblick über die aktuelle Entwicklung der Disziplin
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9783658140281
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 326 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Das Bild vom Menschen und die Ordnung der Gesellschaft
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of Man ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Epistemology.
    Abstract: Gibt es eine Wahrheit, die es verdient, als objektive Wahrheit bezeichnet zu werden? Heute wird das oft bestritten. Müssen wir uns also mit einem grenzenlosen Zweifel abfinden - ohne Hoffnung, unser Leben an der Wahrheit ausrichten zu können? Andererseits erscheint es uns oft so, dass wir die ganze Wahrheit zu besitzen glauben, und dann mit restloser Gewissheit und uneingeschränktem Anspruch meinen, über sie verfügen zu können. Wir sind im Alltag also entweder Skeptiker - oder Dogmatiker. Dieses Buch versucht, vor dem Hintergrund der Wahrheitsfrage die Lage des Menschen zu schildern: Er strebt nach Wahrheit, berührt sie bisweilen auch, kann sich ihrer aber doch nie endgültig bemächtigen. Wahrheit hat eine objektive und eine subjektive Seite. Sie gewinnt Gestalt im Menschen - als Person. Was bedeutet das für unser Leben, unsere Überzeugungen, unseren Glauben? Und was heißt das für die Politik: Fordert Demokratie die Ausklammerung der Wahrheitsfrage? Der Inhalt Von René Descartes bis Giambattista Vico • Über das Wesen der Wahrheit • Der Zweifel Bacons oder Gewissheit und Zeugnis • Die Erkenntnis als moralische Handlung • Die - menschliche - Wahrheit ist perspektivisch • Wahrheit der Sache und die Wahrheit des Begriffes • Eugenio Scalfari und Papst Franziskus Die Zielgruppen Geistes- und SozialwissenschaftlerInnen PhilosophInnen TheologInnen HistorikerInnen SoziologInnen Der Autor Rocco Buttiglione, Philosoph und Politiker, war Minister für Europäische Angelegenheiten sowie Kulturminister Italiens und ist seit 2014 Direktor des Johannes-Paul-II.-Lehrstuhls an der Lateran Universität in Rom. Der Herausgeber Christoph Böhr ist Professor für Philosophie an der Hochschule Heiligenkreuz/Wien
    Abstract: Vorwort des Herausgebers -- Vorwort an die deutschen Leser -- Einleitung: Erste Darstellung des Problems -- 1 Unsere Auseinandersetzung mit Descartes - oder: von René Descartes bis Giambattista Vico -- 2 Über das Wesen der Wahrheit -- 3 Der Zweifel Bacons - oder Gewissheit und Zeugnis -- 4 Die Erkenntnis als moralische Handlung -- 5 Die - menschliche - Wahrheit ist perspektivisch -- 6 Die Wahrheit der Sache und die Wahrheit des Begriffes -- 7 Eugenio Scalfari und Papst Franziskus -- Schluss: Die Versöhnung zwischen dem immanenten Göttlichen und dem transzendenten Göttlichen - gegen den Totalitarismus einerseits und den Nihilismus andererseits -- Nachwort: Zur Geschichte dieses Buches -- Anhang: Der Auftrag der Universität -- Christoph Böhr: Die subjektive und die objektive Dimension der Wahrheit -- Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- Bibliographie -- Personenregister -- Sachverzeichnis -- Zum Verfasser -- Zum Herausgeber
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9783476048370 , 9783476048370
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 276 Seiten) , Illustration
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. J.B. Metzler Humanities
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2018
    Keywords: Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Classical Philosophy ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy of mind ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Die leitende Frage im vorliegenden Buch lautet: Was ist das Selbstbewusstsein bei Kant? Es ist das Ziel von Xi Luo, die Frage nach der Beschaffenheit des Selbstbewusstseins im Rahmen von Kants theoretischer Philosophie systematisch zu rekonstruieren. Anhand des Deduktion-Kapitels und des Paralogismus-Kapitels der Kritik der reinen Vernunft behandelt der Autor drei zentrale Aspekte des Selbstbewusstseins: Identität, Einheit und Existenz. Aufgrund einer textnahen Rekonstruktion von den Kantischen Argumenten gelangt der Autor zum Ergebnis, dass das reine Selbstbewusstsein das Bewusstsein vom identischen Ich, das Bewusstsein vom vereinheitlichenden Ich und das Bewusstsein von der Existenz des transzendentalen Ich ist. Der Inhalt Identität des Selbstbewusstseins: „Eines in Vielem“ Einheit des Selbstbewusstseins: „Vieles in Einem“ Das intellektuelle Bewusstsein meiner eigenen Existenz Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der klassischen Philosophie und Kants Philosophie Forscherinnen und Forscher auf dem Gebiet der klassischen deutschen Philosophie Der Autor Xi Luo hat in China Philosophie studiert und an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin über Kants Philosophie promoviert. Er arbeitet derzeit als Übersetzer und freier Autor in Berlin
    Abstract: Identität des Selbstbewusstseins: „Eines in Vielem“ -- Einheit des Selbstbewusstseins: „Vieles in Einem“ -- Das intellektuelle Bewusstsein meiner eigenen Existenz
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9783319979854
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 375 Seiten)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica 225
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica
    Uniform Title: Plurale Habitūs: zur "Sozialisierung" der phänomenologischen Philosophie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Caminada, Emanuele Vom Gemeingeist zum Habitus: Husserls Ideen II
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität zu Köln 2013
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Phenomenology  ; Phenomenology  ; Epistemology ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Hochschulschrift ; Sozialphilosophie ; Phänomenologie ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938
    Abstract: Dieses Buch bietet die erste systematische Interpretation von Husserls Ideen für eine reine Phänomenologie und phänomenologische Philosophie anhand der neuen kritischen Edition von Ideen II (Hua IV/V). Es ermöglicht eine phänomenologische Auslegung des allgemein-metaphysischen Problems, wie physische, mentale und soziale Tatsachen zusammenhängen. Das Buch diskutiert und interpretiert detailliert einige von Husserls zentralen Konzeptionen und zeigt die Konsequenzen seines Denkansatzes und seiner Theorieentwicklung. Natur und Gemeingeist sind Husserl zufolge die Grundbegriffe der naturalistischen und der personalistischen Einstellungen und dienen als Leitfaden der Unterscheidung zwischen Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften. In der kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit diesem wissenschaftstheoretischen Dualismus führt Husserl den Habitus-Begriff methodisch ein, um das Verhältnis von Natur- und Sozialontologie aus der konkreten Erfahrung heraus phänomenologisch neu zu deuten, womit der spätere, anti-dualistische Weg der Lebensweltphänomenologie vorbereitet wird. In Husserls Studien zur Regionalontologie des Gemeingeistes rückt das konkrete Subjekt in den Vordergrund der Intentionalitätsanalyse, indem die sinntragenden Elemente der Inaktualitität auf Habitualisierungsprozesse und die Intersubjektivität auf Sozialisierungsstufen zurückgeführt werden. Dank der durch den Habitus-Begriff ermöglichten klaren Unterscheidung zwischen konstituierender Aktualität und konstitutiver Relevanz des inaktuellen Horizonts kann Husserls Philosophie des Geistes als individualistisch und holistisch zugleich gelten. Dieser ontologischen Position entspricht auch Husserls sozialepistemologische Ansicht, dass sich Wissenschaften erst im Rahmen idealisierter Sozialstrukturen entfalten können. Durch diese idealisierenden Operationen wird die Konstitution der Objektivität möglich, welche die Wissenschaften anstreben. Deren Rationalität ist deshalb in ihren konkreten und idealisierten Sozialitätsstufen und Habitualitäten zu befragen
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Der Intentionalitätsbegriff der Ideen I -- Chapter 2. Die Leitideen der phänomenologischen Philosophie -- Chapter 3. Die Phänomenologie der Realität im sogenannten Bleistiftmanuskript -- Chapter 4. Naturalistische Fundierungsontologie und das transzendentale Organon der Wissenschaften -- Chapter 5. Die Konstitution der geistigen Welt -- Chapter 6. Gemeingeist als Leitidee der phänomenologischen Philosophie -- Chapter 7. Das Manuskript Gemeingeist I -- Chapter 8. Das Manuskript Gemeingeist II -- Chapter 9. Der Zusammenhang von Gemeingeist und Hexis -- Chapter 10. Plurale Habitūs
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    ISBN: 9783658226909
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 385 S. 3 Abb. in Farbe, online resource)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of Science ; Science Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology.
    Abstract: Die vorliegende Hommage-Schrift hat das Ziel, Hans Albert - einen der bedeutendsten Wissenschaftsphilosophen und der Hauptvertreter des Kritischen Rationalismus im deutschen Sprachraum - durch biographisch-intellektuelle Zeugnisse zu ehren und die Bedeutung seines Denkens würdigend hervorzuheben. Der Band enthält Beiträge von Kollegen, Schülern und Freunden Hans Alberts in deutscher und englischer Sprache, in denen diese in unterschiedlicher Weise über ihre Beziehung zu Hans Albert berichten und beschreiben, inwiefern dessen Version des Kritischen Rationalismus sie beeinflusst hat. Auf diese Weise wird seine Denkrichtung aus der Perspektive verschiedener Fachdisziplinen wie etwa Wissenschaftstheorie, Ökonomie, Jurisprudenz, Soziologie, Psychologie, Ethik und Theologie betrachtet. Die verschiedenen Beiträge beleuchten nicht nur historische Hintergründe und verschiedene Lebensphasen des Geehrten; sie zeichnen auch die Entwicklung seines Denkens nach und machen seine lebhafte Beteiligung an philosophischen und wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzungen seiner Zeit nachvollziehbar. Deshalb kann man diese Hommage-Schrift auch als ein Zeitdokument verstehen, in dem nicht nur Hans Alberts intellektuelles Wirken in Erinnerung gerufen, sondern auch sein Leben vergegenwärtigt wird, von seiner Zeit als wissenschaftlicher Assistent bzw. Privatdozent in Köln bis zu seiner Emeritierung in Mannheim und darüber hinaus. Der Herausgeber PD Dr. phil. Dr. theol. habil. Giuseppe Franco (geb. 1981) ist Privatdozent an der Theologischen Fakultät der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Feodor Lynen-Forschungsstipendiat bei der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung an der Universität Salento/Lecce sowie Preisträger des Max-Weber-Preises für Wirtschaftsethik
    Abstract: Vorwort -- Beiträge von Karl Acham, Joseph Agassi, Dariusz Aleksandrowicz, Sybille (Wolf) Anbar, Gunnar Andersson, Dario Antiseri, Michael Baurmann, Peter Bernholz, Jack Birner, Margarita Boladeras, Hardy Bouillon, Wolfgang Brezinka, Ettore Brissa, Mario Bunge, Raimondo Cubeddu, Hans-Joachim Dahms, Günter Dlugos, Hans Peter Duerr, Santiago García Echevarria, Erika Eck, Armin Engländer, Edoardo Fittipaldi, Giuseppe Franco, Lothar Fritze, Volker Gadenne, Georg Geismann, Klaus Grimm, Evelyn Gröbl-Steinbach Schuster, Malachi Hacohen, Rainer Hegselmann, Heinzpeter Hempelmann, Eric Hilgendorf, Willy Hochkeppel, Stefan Huster, Dragan Jakovljevi, Bernulf Kanitscheider, Susanne Karstedt, Herbert Keuth, Hubert Kiesewetter, Hartmut Kliemt, Peter Knauer, Armin Kreiner, Ulrike Leopold-Wildburger, Siegwart Lindenberg, Hermann Lübbe, Wilhelm Meyer, Jürgen Mittelstraß, Martin Morgenstern, Alan Musgrave, Hans-Joachim Niemann, Hans G. Nutzinger, Karl-Dieter Opp, Ulrich Pagenstecher, Giridhari Lal Pandit, Andreas Pickel, Nicholas Rescher, Pietro Rossi, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Hans Günther Ruß, Kurt Salamun, Wolfgang Schluchter, Michael Schmid, Frank Schulze, Helge Siemers, Arpad-Andreas Sölter, Ulrich Steinvorth, Fritz Strack, Gerhard Streminger, Richard Sturn, Michael Sukale, Erwin Tegtmeier, Viktor Vanberg, Gerhard Vollmer, Erich Weede, John Wettersten, Ulrich Witt, Elie Zahar, Robert Zimmer -- Autorenverzeichnis -- Namensregister
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
    ISBN: 9783658162429
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften
    Series Statement: Springer Reference Geisteswissenschaften
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Living reference work
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbuch Karl Popper
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Epistemology ; Philosophy and science ; Political philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Popper, Karl R. 1902-1994 ; Kritischer Rationalismus ; Popper, Karl R. 1902-1994 ; Kritischer Rationalismus
    Abstract: Vorwort -- I. Karl Poppers Leben und Werk -- II. Wissenschaftstheoretische Grundlagen -- III. Die Methodologie der Naturwissenschaften -- IV. Sozialphilosophie und politische Philosophie -- V. Der Kritische Rationalismus in den wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen -- VI. Wirkungsgeschichte des Kritischen Rationalismus
    Abstract: Dieses Handbuch bietet einen verlässlichen, systematischen und umfassenden Zugang einerseits zu Leben und Werk Karl Poppers, andererseits zur breiten Wirkung des Philosophen in Wissenschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658162603
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Springer reference live
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Analytic Philosophy ; Analysis (Philosophy) ; Postmodernism ; Pragmatism ; Language and languages—Philosophy ; Political philosophy ; Epistemology
    Abstract: 1. Einführung -- 2. Biographie und historischer Hintergrund -- 3. Grundbegriffe -- 4. Hauptwerke -- 5. Die philosophischen Disziplinen -- 6. Andere Wissenschaften -- 7. Rezeption und Debatten -- 8. Forschungsfragen
    Abstract: Richard Rorty (1931 - 2007) ist einer der wichtigsten amerikanischen Philosophen der Gegenwart, der die analytische Philosophie sowohl geprägt als auch maßgeblich zu ihrer Kritik beigetragen und damit die Wiederentdeckung des Pragmatismus vorangetrieben hat. In diesem Handbuch werden alle wichtigen Aspekte seines Lebens und seiner philosophischen Arbeit dargestellt und einer wissenschaftlichen Diskussion unterzogen
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9783319783703
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 245 S, online resource)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Husserliana: Edmund Husserl - Dokumente 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bell, Winthrop Pickard, 1884 - 1965 Eine kritische Untersuchung der Erkenntnistheorie Josiah Royces
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Phenomenology  ; Genetic epistemology ; Pragmatism ; Phenomenology  ; Pragmatism ; Epistemology. ; Royce, Josiah 1855-1916 ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: Dieser Band der Husserliana Materialien enthält die Erstveröffentlichung der Dissertation von Winthrop Pickard Bell (1894-1965), dem ersten englischsprachigen Doktoranden Edmund Husserls. In seiner Arbeit untersucht Bell die Erkenntnistheorie seines einstigen Harvard-Professors, dem amerikanischen Pragmatisten und Idealisten Josiah Royce, und entwickelt hierzu eine Kritik vom Standpunkt der Husserl'schen Erkenntnisphänomenologie. Husserl selbst hatte ihn gebeten, über dieses Thema zu forschen. Die Beilagen dieses Bandes beinhalten Husserls Kommentare und Änderungsvorschläge zu der Arbeit sowie die 1922 im "Jahrbuch der philosophischen Fakultät in Göttingen" erschienene Zusammenfassung derselben.Nachdem Winthrop Bell zwei Jahre in Harvard bei Josiah Royce studiert hatte, kam er 1910 nach Leipzig. Hier und später in Göttingen befasste er sich mit Husserls Phänomenologie und schloss sich dem Kreis der Studenten an, der sich um Husserl und Reinach als "Göttinger philosophische Gesellschaft" gebildet hatte. Im Sommer 1914 stellte Bell seine Dissertation schließlich zu einem denkbar ungünstigen Zeitpunkt fertig. Als kanadischer Staatsbürger - und somit Bürger eines Landes der feindlichen Alliierten - wurde er mit Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs im August 1914 inhaftiert und verbrachte fast die gesamte Kriegszeit in einem Gefangenenlager bei Berlin. Das Dissertationsverfahren konnte erst im Jahr 1922 abgeschlossen werden. Im Zuge dieser Turbulenzen erschien 1922 lediglich eine Zusammenfassung von Bells Doktorarbeit im "Jahrbuch der philosophischen Fakultät in Göttingen", die Arbeit selbst blieb bis 2012 in Kanada unter Verschluss. Auf Husserls nachdrückliche Empfehlung trat Bell jedoch 1922 eine Professur in Harvard an und trug maßgeblich zur Verbreitung der Husserl’schen Phänomenologie in Nordamerika bei. This book was produced with the generous funding of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, KU Leuven, the Harrison McCain Foundation, the University of New Brunswick Busteed Publication Fund, the Department of Philosophy at the University of New Brunswick, and David Mawhinney
    Abstract: Einleitung -- Hinweise für die Leser -- Eine kritische Untersuchung der Erkenntnistheorie Josiah Royces (1914/22) -- Kapitel I. Einleitung -- Kapitel II. Die „erste Ansicht des Idealismus“ und die Voraussetzungen der Royce’schen Erkenntnistheorie -- §1. Erkenntnistheoretischer und metaphysischer Idealismus -- §2. Die Idee eines absoluten Bewusstseins; nur das Seelische ist direkt verständlich -- §3. Aufmerksamkeit und recognition als Erkenntnisfunktionen 15 -- §4. Wie Vorstellungen und Urteile von endlichen, bewussten Wesen irren können -- §5. Der Glaube an die Realität der Außenwelt beruht nicht auf einem Kausalschluss -- §6. Das Studium der Erkenntnis. Die Scheidung zwischen „internal und „external meaning“ -- §7. Ist Royces Idealismus ein Psychologismus? -- §8. Das Reale muss in meinem Bewusstsein immanent sein können -- §9. Zusammenfassung -- Kapitel III. Kritik von Royces Voraussetzungen. Der eigentliche Boden einer Erkenntnistheorie. Die reine Wesenslehre des Bewusstseins -- §1. Sind seelische Inhalte und Zustände als Ideen unsere einzigen unmittelbaren Erkenntnisobjekte? -- §2. Inwieweit das Innen-Außen-Schema auf das erkennende Bewusstsein anwendbar ist -- §3. Die gegenständliche Beziehung der Erkenntnis und die Gültigkeit ihrer Ansprüche. PositiveWissenschaft und Erkenntnistheorie -- §4. Circulus vitiosus und regressus in infinitum -- §5. Der wahrgenommene und der vermeinte Gegenstand. Essenz und Existenz -- §6. Wesenserkenntnis und Tatsachenerkenntnis -- §7. Das Verhältnis vonWesen und Begriff -- §8. Vorstellungen und Wahrnehmungen sind keine Bilder oder Stellvertreter ihres Gegenstandes -- §9. Das „cogito, ergo sum“ als unbezweifelbarer Bestand -- §10. Die Frage nach der Evidenz -- §11. Die Forderung nach adäquaterWesenserkenntnis -- §12. Die Untersuchung der Erkenntnis gehört nicht in die psychologische Sphäre. Die Psychologie ist Seelenlehre und keine Erkenntnislehre -- §13. Royces Verfehlungen hinsichtlich des Wesens der Erkenntnis, seine psychologistische Befangenheit -- §14. Royces Missdeutung der Eigentümlichkeit der intentionalen Akte -- §15. Nur durch Erscheinungen können wir die Realeigenschaften erkennen -- §16. Die Phänomenologie als Wesenserforschung des Bewusstseins und die Frage nach der Gültigkeit der transzendenten Leistung intentionaler Akte -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Beilage I. Edmund Husserl, Kommentare und Änderungsvorschläge zur Dissertation vonW.P. Bell -- Hinweise für die Leser -- Ad Kapitel I -- Ad Kapitel II -- Ad Kapitel III -- Beilage II. Auszug aus der Dissertation vonW.P. Bell (1922) -- Einleitung -- II. Die „erste Ansicht des Idealismus“ und dieVoraussetzungen der Royce’schen Erkenntnistheorie -- III. Kritik von Royces Voraussetzungen. Der eigentliche Boden einer Erkenntnistheorie. Die reineWesenslehre des Bewusstseins -- Namenregister
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9783476048240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 365 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. J.B. Metzler Humanities
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Eichhorn, Christian, 1977 - Rational reasoning with finite conditional knowledge bases
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    RVK:
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge representation (Information theory) ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer logic ; Knowledge representation (Information theory) ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer logic ; Epistemology ; Hochschulschrift ; Wissensbasis ; Nichtmonotones Schließen ; Common sense reasoning ; Inferenz ; Rangfunktion ; Agent ; Wissensrepräsentation ; Genetische Epistemologie ; Genetische Epistemologie ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; Programmierlogik ; Wissensrepräsentation ; Nichtmonotones Schließen
    Abstract: Nonmonotonic reasoning is a discipline of computer science, epistemology, and cognition: It models inferences where classical logic is inadequate in symbolic AI, defines normative models for reasoning with defeasible information in epistemology, and models human reasoning under information change in cognition. Its building blocks are defeasible rules formalised as DeFinetti conditionals. In this thesis, Christian Eichhorn examines qualitative and semi-quantitative inference relations on top said conditionals, using the conditional structure of the knowledge base and Spohn’s Ordinal Conditional Functions, using established properties. Converting network approaches from probabilistics, he shows how to approach the relations with regard to implementation. Contents Properties of Nonmonotonic Reasoning Reasoning with Sets of c-Representations Network Approaches to Ordinal Conditional Functions Formal Inferences and Commonsense Reasoning: Connections to Psychology and Cognition Target Groups Academics and students of computer science, cognitive science and theoretical philosophy Information scientists and experimental psychologists The Author Christian Eichhorn received his doctorate from the Computer Science Department at the Technical University, Dortmund. His research was supported by the interdisciplinary Priority Programme SPP1516 „New Frameworks of Rationality” of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Abstract: Contents Properties of Nonmonotonic Reasoning -- Reasoning with Sets of c-Representations -- Network Approaches to Ordinal Conditional Functions -- Formal Inferences and Commonsense Reasoning: Connections to Psychology and Cognition
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9783476048226
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 230 S. 1 Abb, online resource)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. J.B. Metzler Humanities
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reimann, Christian Das Problem der Ethikbegründung aus evidenzphilosophischer Sicht
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Ethics ; Epistemology. ; Hochschulschrift ; Brentano, Franz 1838-1917 ; Evidenz ; Ethik ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: Der Autor sucht in diesem Buch eine endgültige Antwort auf die bislang als offen geltende metaethische Frage nach der Begründbarkeit normativer Ethik zu geben. Im Zentrum steht die Absicht, die These der Begründbarkeit der Ethik als selbstkontradiktorisch und damit unmöglich zutreffend auszuweisen. Aus methodologischen Gründen findet dabei der phänomenalistische Ethikbegründungsversuch Franz Brentanos besondere Berücksichtigung. Verbunden mit dem Problem der Ethikbegründung widmet sich der Autor ebenfalls dem Problem der Willensfreiheit. Der Inhalt Brentanos Versuch der Grundlegung der Ethik Brentanos Lehre von den als richtig charakterisierten Gemütsbewegungen Brentanos Lehre von der Freiheit des Willens Kritische Analysen zu Brentanos Versuch der Ethikbegründung Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende im Fachbereich Theoretische Philosophie (Erkenntnistheorie, Wissenschaftstheorie, Phänomenologie, Metaethik) Philosophen und Philosophinnen, Theologen und Theologinnen Der Autor Christian Reimann ist als freiberuflicher Autor tätig und arbeitet u.a. für ein digitales Start-up-Unternehmen in den Bereichen Content- und Qualitätsmanagement
    Abstract: Brentanos Versuch der Grundlegung der Ethik -- Brentanos Lehre von den als richtig charakterisierten Gemütsbewegungen -- Brentanos Lehre von der Freiheit des Willens -- Kritische Analysen zu Brentanos Versuch der Ethikbegründung
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783319553252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 pages)
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Piotrowski, David Morphogenesis of the Sign
    DDC: 302.2223
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Electronic books
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319551494
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 154 p, online resource)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Social Sciences
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Relational Sociology
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tonkonoff, Sergio From Tarde to Deleuze and Foucault
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
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    Keywords: Tarde, Gabriel de, 1843-1904 ; Deleuze, Gilles, 1925-1995 ; Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984 ; Social sciences-Philosophy ; Ontology ; Genetic epistemology ; Sociological Theory ; Social sciences-Philosophy ; Ontology ; Genetic epistemology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Tarde, Gabriel de 1843-1904 ; Soziologie ; Netzwerkanalyse ; Deleuze, Gilles 1925-1995 ; Foucault, Michel 1926-1984
    Abstract: This book posits that a singular paradigm in social theory can be discovered by reconstructing the conceptual grammar of Gabriel Tarde’s micro-sociology and by understanding the ways in which Gilles Deleuze’s micro-politics and Michel Foucault’s micro-physics have engaged with it. This is articulated in the infinite social multiplicity-invention-imitation-opposition-open system. Guided by infinitist ontology and an epistemology of infinitesimal difference, this paradigm offers a micro-socio-logic capable of producing new ways of understanding social life and its vicissitudes. In the field of social theory, this can be called the infinitesimal revolution
    Abstract: 1. Tarde and the Infinitesimal Sociology -- 2. Social Change: Inventions, Oppositions, Individuals, and Crowds -- 3. Microphysics and Microsociology: Foucault as Reader of Tarde -- 4. Contagion, Struggle, and Creation: the Heritage of Tarde in Deleuze´s Social Theory -- 5. Towards a New Relational Paradigm in Social Theory
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781137571465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 248 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology ; Social Sciences ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Modern philosophy. ; Pragmatism. ; Ethics. ; Social sciences ; Sociology
    Abstract: At a time where the relevance of the social sciences is under threat, this innovative book offers a speculative experimentation on the philosophy and methodology of the social sciences to rethink what 'relevance' is, and to cultivate a new ethos of knowledge-making for an eventful world. Engaging a diverse a range of thinkers including Alfred North Whitehead, Gilles Deleuze and Isabelle Stengers, as well as the American pragmatists John Dewey and William James, Martin Savransky challenges longstanding assumptions in the social sciences and argues that relevance is an event that is part and parcel of the immanent and situated processes by which things come to matter. He develops new conceptual tools for cultivating an empiricist ethos of inquiry that is attuned to the question of how things come to matter– an ethics that turns social inquiry into a veritable adventure. The result is an original and rigorous book that infuses knowledge-practices in the social sciences with new sensibilities, creative possibilities, and novel habits of thinking, knowing, and feeling.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9783658104474
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 354 S, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Beer, Raphael, 1971 - Erkenntnis und Gesellschaft
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    Keywords: Political theory ; Epistemology ; Modern philosophy ; Sociology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Subjekt ; Emanzipation ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Ideengeschichte 1600-2000
    Abstract: Das zentrale Thema des vorliegenden Buches ist die Subjektphilosophie. Angelegt ist das Buch dabei sowohl historisch als auch systematisch. Es behandelt einerseits die Subjektphilosophie seit der klassischen Aufklärung. Andererseits werden die zu diesem Zweck zugrunde gelegten philosophischen Erkenntnistheorien mit soziologischen Gesellschaftstheorien konfrontiert. Dabei zeigt sich ein Spannungsverhältnis im Denken über das Subjekt, das mit den Polen aktives und passives Subjekt umrissen wird. Um den Blick auf das Subjekt zu ergänzen, werden zudem mögliche praktische Bezüge des Subjekts mittels eines Streifzuges durch die politische Philosophie, die Moralphilosophie und die Wirtschaftstheorie (wiederum seit der Aufklärung) ausgelotet. Wie im Untertitel angedeutet, geht es dabei letztlich immer um die Frage der Emanzipation, die, so eine Hauptthese, argumentationslogisch mit einem starken – mithin: cartesianisch-kantischem – Subjektbegriff verbunden ist. Da mit der Erkenntnistheorie, der Gesellschaftstheorie, der politischen Philosophie, der Moralphilosophie und der Wirtschaftstheorie ein bereits Spektrum wissenschaftlich-philosophischer Themenfelder behandelt wird, eignet sich das Buch auch als Überblicks- bzw. Studienbuch. Der Inhalt Rekonstruktion: Formen und Inhalte des Subjekts • Emanzipation: das (emanzipatorische) Subjekt, Wissenschaft und Kritische Theorie Die Zielgruppen Studierende und Wissenschaftler der Ethik und Philosophie und der Soziologie Der Autor Dr. Raphael Beer ist als Privatdozent an der Universität Münster sowie als freier Autor tätig.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9783658104832
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 276 S. 4 Abb, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Sociology ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: Alfonsina Scarinzi untersucht die Funktion von Themen als Grundbausteine fiktionaler Literatur. Die Themenforschung sitzt wegen ihres außerliterarischen, überlieferungsfähigen und kulturübergreifenden Charakters an der Schnittstelle zwischen Geistes- und Kognitionswissenschaft. Die Autorin vertritt die These, dass ein Thema der Literatur als kognitiv-emotionales Gebilde bei der Textverarbeitung eine Brücke zwischen der fiktionalen Textwelt und der nicht-fiktionalen Welt des Lesers schlägt. Im Buch diskutiert sie, wie Manifestness, Interessenerregung, Verfremdung, Bedeutungsmaximierung und Probehandeln die thematische Informationsselektion beeinflussen. Als kognitiv-emotionale und stilistische Mittel erfüllen sie die Funktion, eine literarisch relevante, aus einem Hauptthema und verschiedenen Nebenthemen bestehende Hierarchie zu bestimmen. Der Inhalt Zur außerliterarischen Natur des Themas Das Thema als Wissensstruktur mit und ohne Repräsentation Themen, anthropologische Konstanten, Außergewöhnliches Thematische Bedeutung, Emotionen, moralische Bewertung Über die poetische Funktion der Sprache hinaus: Literarizität und Kognition Ästhetisch, literarisch und andere rätselhafte Bestimmungen Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der Kognitionswissenschaft, Linguistik, Kognitiven Literaturwissenschaft, Anthropologie, Psychologie, Philosophie des Geistes, Evolutionspsychologie, Ästhetik, Cognitive Poetics Die Autorin Dr. phil. Alfonsina Scarinzi ist Mitglied des EU Kompetenznetzwerkes EUCog III (European Society for Cognitive Systems). Sie leitet das von ihr ins Leben gerufene interdisziplinäre Projekt „Aesthetics and the Embodied Mind“.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler
    ISBN: 9783476055361
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (206 S, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Philosophie, 19. Jahrhundert
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy ; Philosophie ; Werk ; Verzeichnis ; Philosophie ; Werk ; Geschichte 1800-1900
    Abstract: Kann man das 17. und 18. Jahrhundert unter die kulturgeschichtlichen Oberbegriffe Rationalismus bzw. Aufklärung subsumieren, so ist das für die Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht mehr möglich. Stattdessen liegt eine Disparatheit der Denkhorizonte vor, die als Reaktionen auf die Herausforderungen der gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Moderne miteinander konkurrieren. Der Band und die Einleitung zeichnen diese Disparatheit als Konstitutionsbedingung der Moderne nach, so dass nicht nur die Leuchttürme des Jahrhunderts (Hegel, Marx, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard) Beachtung finden
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler
    ISBN: 9783476055408
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXII, 176 S, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy
    Abstract: In diesem Band werden Leben und Werk von Philosophinnen und Philosophen des 18. Jahrhunderts dargestellt. Thematische Schwerpunkte sind die Natur des Menschen, Erkenntnis und Sprache, Staat und Gesellschaft, Recht und Moral sowie die Kritik an der Religion und die Idee einer Universalgeschichte. In der Einleitung zeichnet der Herausgeber ein Gesamtbild dieser philosophiehistorischen Epoche und diskutiert die Aktualität der europäischen Aufklärung im 21. Jahrhundert
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9783476055897
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 215 S, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schopenhauer-Forschungsstelle (2012 : Mainz) Schopenhauer und die Deutung der Existenz
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Phenomenology . ; Existentialism. ; Hermeneutics. ; Philosophy ; Schopenhauer, Arthur 1788-1860 ; Phänomenologie ; Existenzphilosophie ; Hermeneutik
    Abstract: A. Phänomenologie -- B. Existenzphilosophie -- C. Hermeneutik -- Thematische Bibliographie
    Abstract: Arthur Schopenhauer verband das transzendentalphilosophische Erbe Kants gezielt mit phänomenologischen, existenzphilosophischen und hermeneutischen Elementen. Das hob ihn bereits von zeitgenössischen Philosophen ab, macht ihn aber gleichzeitig interessant für philosophische Strömungen, die ebenfalls bestrebt sind, Philosophie neu zu denken. Dieser Einfluss Schopenhauers auf die spätere Phänomenologie, Existenzphilosophie und Hermeneutik ist bisher ein Desiderat der Forschung. Der Band nimmt die Arbeit an dieser wichtigen Rezeptions- und Wirkungsgeschichte Schopenhauers auf und wirft einen neuen Blick auf seine Philosophie
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler
    ISBN: 9783476056191
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 241 S, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Freiheit und Verantwortung
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy ; Reformationsjubiläum 2017 ; Reformation ; Reformationsjubiläum 2017 ; Reformation
    Abstract: Freiheit und Verantwortung?! Zum Jubiläumsjahr des Thesenanschlags zu Wittenberg versammelt dieses Buch 95 prägnante Thesen für unsere Zeit. Thesen zu Gesellschaft und Familie, zum Sozialwesen, zu Wissenschaft und Bildung, zu Migration, Kunst und Literatur, zur Religion - und auch zu »Freiheit und Verantwortung« heute. Martin Luther schrieb, dass der Mensch einerseits »ein freier Herr über alle Dinge und niemandem untertan « und andererseits »ein dienstbarer Knecht aller Dinge und jedermann untertan« sei. In diesem Spannungsfeld, auf heute bezogen, bewegen sich die Beiträge, die sich an die Reformation anlehnen können, aber nicht müssen
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9783476053978
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 395 S, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Nietzsche und die Lebenskunst
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    Keywords: Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy ; Nietzsche, Friedrich 1844-1900 ; Lebenskunst ; Philosophie ; Nietzsche, Friedrich 1844-1900 ; Lebenskunst ; Philosophische Anthropologie ; Psychologische Anthropologie ; Nietzsche, Friedrich 1844-1900 ; Vitalismus
    Abstract: I Annäherungen an die Biografie -- II Nietzsches Verhältnis zur philosophischen Tradition der Lebenskunst -- III Thematisierung der Lebenskunst in den frühen Schriften -- IV Die mittlere Schaffensperiode -- V Das Spätwerk -- VI Nietzschelektüren von Camus bis Sloterdijk -- VII Ästhetik und Lebenskunst -- VIII Philosophisch-psychologische Perspektiven -- IX Therapeutik und Lebenskunst -- Anhang
    Abstract: Die Philosophie der Lebenskunst begnügt sich nicht nur mit abstrakten Begründungen, sondern widmet sich praktischen Aspekten, die für ein gelungenes Leben entscheidend sind. Sie greift auf eine lange Tradition zurück, die bei Sokrates beginnt und bis zu Foucault und Wilhelm Schmid reicht. Bei den neueren Vertretern bildet die Auseinandersetzung mit Nietzsche und seiner Thematisierung der Selbstsorge einen zentralen Fokus. Als philosophischer Arzt suchte Nietzsche herauszufinden, was für den einzelnen Menschen und die Kultur im Gesamten förderlich oder schädlich sei. Das Handbuch stellt Nietzsches Kontexte und Konzepte der Lebenskunst übersichtlich und polyphon dar
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [s.l.] : Springer-Verlag
    ISBN: 9783319092324
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVI, 413 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 110
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Legal fictions in theory and practice
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Law ; Law ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Fiktion ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Rechtswissenschaft ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Fiktion
    Abstract: This multi-disciplinary, multi-jurisdictional collection offers the first ever full-scale analysis of legal fictions. Its focus is on fictions in legal practice, examining and evaluating their roles in a variety of different areas of practice (e.g. in Tort Law, Criminal Law, and Intellectual Property Law), and in different times and places (e.g. in Roman Law, Rabbinic Law, and the Common Law). The collection approaches the topic in part through the discussion of certain key classical statements by theorists including Jeremy Bentham, Alf Ross, Hans Vaihinger, Hans Kelsen and Lon Fuller. The collection opens with the first-ever translation into English of Kelsen’s review of Vaihinger’s As If. The 17 chapters are divided into four parts: 1) a discussion of the principal theories of fictions, as above, with a focus on Kelsen, Bentham, Fuller and classical pragmatism; 2) a discussion of the relationship between fictions and language; 3) a theoretical and historical examination and evaluation of fictions in the common law; and 4) an account of fictions in different practice areas and in different legal cultures. The collection will be of interest to theorists and historians of legal reasoning, as well as scholars and practitioners of the law more generally, in both common and civil law traditions
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; William TwiningIntroducing Fictions: Examples, Functions, Definitions and Evaluations; Maksymilian Del Mar -- I. Theories of Fiction, Fictions of Theory -- 1. On the Theory of Juridic Fictions. With special consideration of Vaihinger’s Philosophy of the As-If; Hans Kelsen, translated by Christoph Kletzer -- 2. Kelsen on Vaihinger; Christoph Kletzer -- 3. Is Law a Fiction?; Geoffrey Samuel -- 4. Fuller on Legal Fictions: A Benthamic Perspective; Michael Quinn -- 5. The Pragmatic Value of Legal Fictions; Douglas Lind -- II. Community, Language and Literature -- 6. Legal Fictions Revisited; Frederick Schauer -- 7. Legal Fictions and the Limits of Legal Language; Karen Petroski -- 8. Legal Fictions and Exclusionary Rules; Simon Stern -- 9. Law’s Fiction, Legal Fiction and Copyright Law; Burkhard Schafer and Jane Cornwell -- III. Change and the Common Law -- 10. Legal Fictions before the Age of Reform; Michael Lobban -- 11. Legal Fictions and Legal Change in the Common Law Tradition; Maksymilian Del Mar -- 12. Fictions in Tort; James Lee -- 13. Ejectment: Three Births and a Funeral; Peter Sparkes -- IV. Fictions in Practice: Past, Present and Future -- 14. Fact, Fiction, and Social Reality in Roman Law; Clifford Ando -- 15. Rabbinic Legal Fictions; Leib Moscovitz -- 16. Presumptions and Fictions: A Collingwoodian Approach; Raymundo Gama -- 17. Some Uses of Fictions in Criminal Law; Peter Alldridge -- 18. Fictitious Fraud: Economics and the Presumption of Reliance; Randy D. Gordon -- Index.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9783319177861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 278 p. 6 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 19
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Bertolotti, Tommaso Patterns of rationality
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Engineering ; Religion (General) ; Consciousness ; Philosophy
    Abstract: The book is an epistemological monograph written from a multidisciplinary perspective. It provides a complex and realistic picture of cognition and rationality, as endowments aimed at making sense and reacting smartly to one’s environment, be it epistemic, social or simply ecological. The first part of the book analyzes scientific modeling as products of the biological necessity to cope with the environment and be able to draw as many inferences as possible about it. Moreover, it develops an epistemological framework which will be exploited in both the second part of the book, focusing on social cognition and cognitive niche construction, and the third part, dealing with the apparent irrationality of magical and religious belief. The book also discusses how both social networking and online religion influence cognition, rationality and irrational belief
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9783319195124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 185 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 22
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Consciousness ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Unlike psychologistic paradigms, the non-atomistic variant of methodological individualism discussed in this book explains society in terms of complex emergent structures that unintentionally result from human actions, and that in turn influence those actions. Friedrich Hayek is an emblematic representative of this approach, the origins of which date back to the Scottish Enlightenment. One of Hayek’s most original - but also less well-known - contributions is his linking of this non-atomistic methodological individualism to a cognitive psychology centered on the idea that mind is both an interpretative device and a self-organizing system. This book uses Hayek’s reflections on mind as a starting point to investigate the concept of action from the standpoint of non-atomistic methodological individualism, and it explores the connections between Hayek’s cognitive psychology and approaches employed in various fields, such as phenomenology, hermeneutics, enactivism, neo-Weberian sociology and fallibilism. Focusing on the interpretative foundations of social life, the book conceives action as a product of the human mind’s cognitive autonomy, i.e. of its hermeneutic skills that are influenced by historical and socio-cultural factors. “Di Iorio offers a new approach to Hayek’s Sensory Order, linking neuroscience to the old Verstehen tradition and to contemporary theories of self-organizing systems; this should be on the reading list of everyone who is interested in Hayek’s thought.” Barry Smith, University at Buffalo, editor of The Monist
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9783319161723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 416 p. 18 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 21
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Engineering education and practice in context ; volume 2: Engineering identities, epistemologies and values
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Engineering design ; Philosophy ; Technik ; Ausbildung ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This second companion volume on engineering studies considers engineering practice including contextual analyses of engineering identity, epistemologies, and values. Key overlapping questions examine such issues as an engineering identity, engineering self-understandings enacted in the professional world, distinctive characters of engineering knowledge, and how engineering science and engineering design interact in practice. Authors bring with them perspectives from their institutional homes in Europe, North America, Australia, and Asia. The volume includes 24 contributions by more than 30 authors from engineering, the social sciences, and the humanities. Additional issues the chapters scrutinize include prominent norms of engineering, how they interact with the values of efficiency or environmental sustainability. A concluding set of articles considers the meaning of context more generally by asking if engineers create their own contexts or are they created by contexts. Taken as a whole, this collection of original scholarly work is unique in its broad, multidisciplinary consideration of the changing character of engineering practice
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9783319163697
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 337 p. 7 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Science Between Truth and Ethical Responsibility
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy
    Abstract: This book offers the most complete and up-to-date overview of the philosophical work of Evandro Agazzi, presently the most important Italian philosopher of science, and one of the most influential in the world. Scholars from seven countries explore his contributions in areas ranging from philosophy of physics and general philosophy of science to bioethics, philosophy of mathematics and logic, epistemology of the social sciences and history of science, philosophy of language and artificial intelligence, education and anthropology, metaphysics, and philosophy of religion. Agazzi developed a complete and coherent philosophical system, anticipating some of the turns in the philosophy of science after the crisis of logical empiricism and exerting an equal influence on continental hermeneutic philosophy. His work is characterized by an original synthesis of contemporary analytic philosophy, phenomenology, and classical philosophy, including the scholastic tradition, and these threads are reflected in the different backgrounds of the contributors to this book. While upholding the epistemological value of science against scepticism and relativism, Agazzi eschews scientism by stressing the equal importance of non-scientific forms of thought, such as metaphysics and religion. While defending the freedom of research as a cognitive enterprise, he argues that as a human and social practice it must nonetheless respect ethical constraints
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9783319135878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 443 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 77
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.: History as a science and the system of the sciences
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte
    Abstract: This volume goes beyond presently available phenomenological analyses based on the structures and constitution of the lifeworld. It shows how the science of history is the mediator between the human and the natural sciences. It demonstrates that the distinction between interpretation and explanation does not imply a strict separation of the natural and the human sciences. Finally, it shows that the natural sciences and technology are inseparable, but that technology is one-sidedly founded in pre-scientific encounters with reality in the lifeworld. In positivism the natural sciences are sciences because they offer causal explanations testable in experiments and the humanities are human sciences only if they use methods of the natural sciences. For epistemologists following Dilthey, the human sciences presuppose interpretation and the human and natural sciences must be separated. There is phenomenology interested in psychology and the social sciences that distinguish the natural and the human sciences, but little can be found about the historical human sciences. This volume fills the gap by presenting analyses of the material foundations of the "understanding" of expressions of other persons, and of primordial recollections and expectations founding explicit expectations and predictions in the lifeworld. Next, it shows, on the basis of history as applying philological methods in interpretations of sources, the role of a universal spatio-temporal framework for reconstructions and causal explanations of "what has really happened
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer
    ISBN: 9783319153957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 118 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 118
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Ales Bello, Angela, 1939 - The sense of things
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Idealismus ; Realismus ; Bewusstsein ; Subjekt-Objekt-Problem ; Phänomenologie ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This book proposes a new interpretative key for reading and overcoming the binary of idealism and realism. It explores the way human consciousness unfolds through the relationship between the I and the world-a field of phenomenological investigation that cannot and must not remain closed within the limits of its own disciplinary boundaries. The book focuses on the question of realism in contemporary debates, ultimately dismantling prejudices and automatisms that one finds therein. It shows that at the root of the controversy between realism and idealism there often lie equivocations of a semantic nature. By returning to the origins of modern phenomenology this study mines the Husserlian concept of transcendental idealism. Following this path, and neutralizing the extreme positions of an acritical idealism and a naïve realism, the book proposes a “transcendental realism”: the horizon of a dynamic unity that embraces the process of cognition and that grounds the relation, and not the subordination, of subject and object. The close reading of this reciprocity offered here allows one to surpass the limits of the domain of knowing, leading one to fundamental questions about the ultimate sense of things and their origin
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9783319104348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 336 p. 27 illus., 10 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 308
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. From logic to practice
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Mathematik ; Philosophie ; Mathematik ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Logik
    Abstract: This book brings together young researchers from a variety of fields within mathematics, philosophy and logic. It discusses questions that arise in their work, as well as themes and reactions that appear to be similar in different contexts. The book shows that a fairly intensive activity in the philosophy of mathematics is underway, due on the one hand to the disillusionment with respect to traditional answers, on the other to exciting new features of present day mathematics. The book explains how the problem of applicability once again plays a central role in the development of mathematics. It examines how new languages different from the logical ones (mostly figural), are recognized as valid and experimented with and how unifying concepts (structure, category, set) are in competition for those who look at this form of unification. It further shows that traditional philosophies, such as constructivism, while still lively, are no longer only philosophies, but guidelines for research. Finally, the book demonstrates that the search for and validation of new axioms is analyzed with a blend of mathematical historical, philosophical, psychological considerations
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9783658092757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 443 p. 34 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Algebra ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Sara Confalonieri presents an overview of Cardano’s mathematical treatises and, in particular, discusses the writings that deal with cubic equations. The author gives an insight into the latest of Cardano’s algebraic works, the De Regula Aliza (1570), which displays the attempts to overcome the difficulties entailed by the casus irreducibilis. Notably some of Cardano's strategies in this treatise are thoroughly analyzed. Far from offering an ultimate account of De Regula Aliza, by one of the most outstanding scholars of the 16th century, the present work is a first step towards a better understanding. Contents Inter-Dependencies Between the Families of Cubic Equations in the Ars Magna Ars Magna, Chapters XI-XXIII and the Casus Irreducibilis Getting Acquainted with the De Regula Aliza The Method of the Splittings in Aliza, Chapter I Target Groups Academics, researcher and students in the fields of mathematics, the history of mathematics, and epistemology. The Author Sara Confalonieri graduated in Philosophy at the Università degli Studi di Milano, in Mathematics at the Université Paris 6, and in Epistemology at the Université Paris 7, where she also obtained the PhD degree in history of mathematics on cubic equations during the Renaissance. At present, she takes part in a project on history of the didactic of mathematics in the 18th century at the Bergische Universität in Wuppertal as a post-doctoral researcher
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9783319189024
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 268 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Brain and Mind 8
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: The author defends nonconceptualism, the claim that perceptual experience is nonconceptual and has nonconceptual content. Continuing the heated and complex debate surrounding this topic over the past two decades, she offers a sustained defense of a novel version of the view, Modest Nonconceptualism, and provides a systematic overview of some of the central controversies in the debate. The volume starts off with an explication of the notion of nonconceptual content and a distinction between nonconceptualist views of different strengths, then the author goes on to defend participants in the debate over nonconceptual content against the allegation that their failure to distinguish between a state view and a content view of (non)conceptualism leads to fatal problems for their views. Next, she makes a case for nonconceptualism by refining some of the central arguments for the view, such as the arguments from fineness of grain, from contradictory contents, from animal and infant perception, and from concept acquisition. Then, two central objections against nonconceptualism are rebutted in a novel way: the epistemological objection and the objection from objectivity. Modest Nonconceptualism allows for perceptual experiences to involve some conceptual elements. It emphasizes the relevance of concept employment for an understanding of conceptual and nonconceptual mental states and identifies the nonconceptual content of experience with scenario content. It insists on the possibility of genuine content-bearing perceptual experience without concept possession and is thus in line with the Autonomy Thesis. Finally, it includes an account of perceptual justification that relies on the external contents of experience and belief, yet is compatible with epistemological internalism
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Content, Concepts, Concept Possession -- 3 Nonconceptual Content -- 4 Arguments from Phenomenology -- 5 The Argument from Contradictory Contents -- 6 Arguments from Concept Possession -- 7 The Epistemological Objection -- 8 The Objection from Objectivity -- 9 Modest Nonconceptualism Vindicated.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319184791
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 221 p. 14 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 20
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Engineering ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Engineering
    Abstract: The book shows how eastern and western perspectives and conceptions can be used to addresses recent topics laying at the crossroad between philosophy and cognitive science. It reports on new points of view and conceptions discussed during the International Conference on Philosophy and Cognitive Science (PCS2013), held at the Sun Yat-sen University, in Guangzhou, China, and the 2013 Workshop on Abductive Visual Cognition, which took place at KAIST, in Deajeon, South Korea. The book emphasizes an ever-growing cultural exchange between academics and intellectuals coming from different fields. It juxtaposes research works investigating new facets on key issues between philosophy and cognitive science, such as the role of models and causal representations in science; the status of theoretical concepts and quantum principles; abductive cognition, vision, and visualization in science from an eco-cognitive perspective. Further topics are: ignorance immunization in reasoning; moral cognition, violence, and epistemology; and models and biomorphism. The book, which presents a unique and timely account of the current state-of-the art on various aspects in philosophy and cognitive science, is expected to inspire philosophers, cognitive scientists and social scientists, and to generate fruitful exchanges and collaboration among them.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Part I International Conference Philosophy and Cognitive Science (PCS2013); Reframing the Problem of Cognitive Penetrability; 1 Introduction; 2 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Cognitive Effects on Perception, the Evidential Role of Perception, and Cognitive Penetrability; 2.1 Intrinsic Cognitive Effects and Cognitive Penetrability of Perception; 2.2 Extrinsic Cognitive Effects and Cognitive Penetrability: The Evidential Role of Perception; 3 Early Vision; 3.1 Intrinsic Cognitive Effects on Early Vision; 3.2 Extrinsic Cognitive Effects on Early Vision; 4 Concluding Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: ReferencesThe Emergence and Development of Causal Representations; 1 Introduction; 2 The Emergence of Causal Representations; 3 The Development of Causal Representations; 4 Falling Back to the Primitive Causal Schema; 5 Conclusion; References; On the Nature and Composition of Abstract (Theoretical) Concepts: The X-Ception Theory and Methods for Its Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 The Standard Picture of Abstractness; 3 Abstractness in a New Perspective: The X-ception Theory; 4 Methodological Issues: Is There a Way to Assess Internal Grounding?; 5 Concluding Remarks; References
    Description / Table of Contents: An Eco-Cognitive Model of Ignorance Immunization 1 Introduction; 2 Introducing Ignorance into the Naturalization of Logic; 2.1 The Visible Part of Ignorance: Peirce's Irritation of Doubt; 3 Fallibilism: A Belief-Based Paradigm; 3.1 Another Kind of Abundance: How Fallibilism Can Shape Ignorance; 4 The Bubble Thesis and the Double-Sided Autoimmunity System; 4.1 The Downside of Belief and of the First-Person Perspective; 4.2 Doubt and the Missing-Ascription of Ignorance; 5 The Fugitivity of Truth (and Ignorance); 5.1 Cognitive Autoimmunity: The Homunculus Fallacy; 6 Conclusion; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Towards a Caricature Model of Science1 Introduction; 2 Misrepresentation in Context; 3 Niiniluoto's Treatment of the Caricature Theory of Reference; 4 Too Many Analogies Between Art and Science?; 5 Gombrich as Philosopher: The Role of Caricatures in Art and Illusion; 6 Idealizations and Caricatures; 7 Concluding Remarks; References; Violence and Abductive Cognition; 1 Abduction, Pregnances, Affordances: Eco-Cognitive Aspects; 1.1 Saliences and Pregnances as Biological and Cognitive Mediators; 1.2 Eco-Cognition of Moral Pregnances and Affordances
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.3 The Artlessness of Proto-Morality and Violence2 The Moral/Violent Function of Language; 2.1 ``Military Intelligence'', Morality, and Ideologies; 2.2 Language and Conflicts; 2.3 Scapegoating Through Pregnances; 3 Conclusion and Future Work; References; Part II International Workshop Visual Abduction or Abductive Vision? KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology); Understanding Visual Abduction; 1 Perception Versus Inference in Abductive Cognition; 1.1 Perceptions, Iconic Cognition, and Model-Based Abduction
    Description / Table of Contents: 2 Iconicity Hybridates Logicality: Inference in a Semiotic Perspective
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401796736
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 502 p. 30 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 36
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Unifying the Philosophy of Truth
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy
    Abstract: This anthology of the very latest research on truth features the work of recognized luminaries in the field, put together following a rigorous refereeing process. Along with an introduction outlining the central issues in the field, it provides a unique and unrivaled view of contemporary work on the nature of truth, with papers selected from key conferences in 2011 such as Truth Be Told (Amsterdam), Truth at Work (Paris), Paradoxes of Truth and Denotation (Barcelona) and Axiomatic Theories of Truth (Oxford). Studying the nature of the concept of ‘truth’ has always been a core role of philosophy, but recent years have been a boom time in the topic. With a wealth of recent conferences examining the subject from various angles, this collection of essays recognizes the pressing need for a volume that brings scholars up to date on the arguments. Offering academics and graduate students alike a much-needed repository of today’s cutting-edge work in this vital topic of philosophy, the volume is required reading for anyone needing to keep abreast of developments, and is certain to act as a catalyst for further innovation and research
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPart 1. Truth and Natural Language -- ‘Truth Predicates’ in Natural Language; Friederike Moltmann,- Truth and Language, Natural and Formal; John Collins -- Truth and Trustworthiness ; Michael Sheard -- Part 2. Uses of Truth -- Putting Davidson’s Semantics to Work to Solve Frege’s Paradox on Concept and Object; Philippe de Rouilhan -- Sets, truth, and recursion; Reinhard Kahle -- Unfolding feasible arithmetic and weak truth; Sebastian Eberhard and Thomas Strahm -- Some remarks on the finite theory of revision; Ricardo Bruni -- Part 3. Truth as a Substantial Notion -- Truth as a Composite Correspondence; Gila Sher -- Complexity and Hierarchy in Truth Predicates; Michael Glanzberg -- Can Deflationism Account for the Norm of Truth?; Pascal Engel -- Part 4. Deflationism and Conservativity -- Norms For Theories Of Reflexive Truth; Volker Halbach and Leon Horsten -- Some weak theories of truth; Graham E. Leigh -- Deflationism and Instrumentalism; Martin Fischer -- Typed and Untyped Disquotational Truth; Cezary Cieśliński -- New Constructions Of Satisfaction Classes; Ali Enayat and Albert Visser -- Part 5. Truth Without Paradox -- Truth, Pretense and the Liar Paradox; Bradley Armour-Garb and James A. Woodbridge -- Groundedness, Truth and Dependence; Denis Bonnay and Floris Tijmen van Vugt -- On Stratified Truth; A. Cantini -- Part 6. Inferentialism and Revisionary Approach -- Truth, Signi_cation and Paradox; Stephen Read -- Vagueness, truth and permissive consequence; Pablo Cobreros, Paul Egré, David Ripley, Robert van Rooij.-  Validity and Truth-Preservation; Julien Murzi and Lionel Shapiro -- Getting One for Two, or the Contractors' Bad Deal. Towards a Uni_ed Solution to the Semantic Paradoxes; Zardini -- Kripke’s Thought-Paradox and the 5th Antinomy; Graham Priest.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319052816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 154 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 24
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Vitz, Rico Reforming the art of living
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy of mind ; Ethics ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy, modern ; Descartes, René 1596-1650 ; Lebensführung ; Tugendethik ; Glaube ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Descartes, René 1596-1650 ; Tugend ; Ethik ; Descartes, René 1596-1650 ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Naturphilosophie ; Religionsphilosophie
    Abstract: Descartes’s concern with the proper method of belief formation is evident in the titles of his works-e.g., The Search after Truth, The Rules for the Direction of the Mind, and The Discourse on Method of rightly conducting one’s reason and seeking the truth in the sciences. It is most apparent, however, in his famous discussions, both in the Meditations and in the Principles, of one particularly noteworthy source of our doxastic errors-namely, the misuse of one’s will. What is not widely recognized, let alone appreciated and understood, is the relationship between his concern with belief formation and his concern with virtue. In fact, few seem to realize that Descartes regards doxastic errors as moral errors and as sins both because such errors are intrinsically vicious and because they entail notably deleterious social consequences. Reforming the Art of Living seeks to rectify this rather common oversight in two ways. First, it aims to elucidate the nature of Descartes’s account of virtuous belief formation. Second, it aims both (i) to illuminate the social significance of Descartes’s philosophical program as it relates to the understanding and practice not of science, but of religion and (ii) to develop a kind of Leibnizian critique of this aspect of his program. More specifically, it aims to show that Descartes’s project is “dangerous,” insofar as it is subversive not only of traditional Christianity but also of other traditional forms of religion, both in theory and in practice
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsIntroduction -- Cartesian Meditation and the Pursuit of Virtue -- The Cartesian Framework -- Morality as a Cosmopolitan Art -- Virtuous Belief Formation -- Virtue, Volition, and Judgment -- Natural Beatitude and Religious Reform -- The Subversion of Traditional Christianity -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York : Palgrave Macmillan US
    ISBN: 9781137488497
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (261 p)
    Parallel Title: Print version Tidjani Alou, Antoinette Epistemology, Fieldwork, and Anthropology
    DDC: 301.01
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- 1 Introduction: Empirical Adequacy, Theory, Anthropology -- 2 The Policy of Fieldwork: Data Production in Anthropology and Qualitative Approaches -- 3 Emic and the Actors' Point of View -- 4 From Observation to Description -- 5 The Methodological "I": Implication and Explicitation in Fieldwork -- 6 Methodological Populism and Ideological Populism in Anthropology -- 7 The Violence Done to Data: On a Few Figures of Overinterpretation -- 8 Conclusion: Common Sense and Scholarly Sense
    Abstract: Postface: Researcher and Citizen: Science and Ideology -- Notes -- References
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9783319098289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 223 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 76
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The phenomenological critique of mathematisation and the question of responsibility
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Genetic epistemology ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Naturwissenschaften ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Phänomenologie
    Abstract: This edited collection discusses phenomenological critiques of formalism and their relevance to the problem of responsibility and the life-world. The authors deal with themes of formalisation of knowledge in connection to the life-world, the natural world, the history of science and our responsibility for both our epistemic claims and the world in which we live. Readers will discover critiques of formalisation, the life-world and responsibility, and a collation and comparison of Patočka’s and Husserl’s work on these themes. Considerable literature on Husserl is presented here and the two themes of epistemic responsibility and the life-world are discussed together. This work specifically emphasises the interrelatedness of these existential aspects of his work - self-responsibility and the crisis - as not only epistemological, but also related to human life. This volume also introduces Jan Patočka to English-speaking readers as a phenomenologist in his own right. Patočka shows us, in particular, the significance of the modern abyss between our thinking and the world. Readers will discover that this abyss is of concern for our everyday experience because it leads to a rupture in our understanding of the world: between the world of our living and its scientific construct. We see that Patočka continually emphasised the relevance of Husserl’s work to existential questions relating to human responsibility and the life-world, which he admits is left largely implicit in Husserl’s work. This edited collection will spark discussion on the question of responsibility against the backdrop of formalised knowledge which is increasingly inaccessible to human understanding. Despite the complexity of some of the analysed ideas, the authors discuss these themes in a clear and readable way. This work is scholarly, exact in its discussion and authoritative in its reading, but at the same time accessible to anyone motivated to understand these debates
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9783319176239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 94 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 18
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Määttänen, Pentti Mind in action
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Consciousness ; Philosophy
    Abstract: The book questions two key dichotomies: that of the apparent and real, and that of the internal and external. This leads to revised notions of the structure of experience and the object of knowledge. Our world is experienced as possibilities of action, and to know is to know what to do. A further consequence is that the mind is best considered as a property of organisms’ interactions with their environment. The unit of analysis is the loop of action and perception, and the central concept is the notion of habit of action, which provides the embodied basis of cognition as the anticipation of action. This holds for non-linguistic tacit meanings as well as for linguistic meanings. Habit of action is a teleological notion and thus opens a possibility for defining intentionality and normativity in terms of the soft naturalism adopted in the book. The mind is embodied, and this embodiment determines our physical perspective on the world. Our sensory organs and other instruments give us instrumental access to the world, and this access is epistemic in character. The distinction between the physical and conceptual viewpoint allows us to define truth as the correspondence with operational fit. This embodied epistemic truth is however not a sign of antirealism, as the instrumentally accessed theoretical objects are precisely those objects that experimental science deals with.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9783319183626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 526 p. 7 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 373
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Quantifiers, quantifiers, and quantifiers: themes in logic, metaphysics, and language
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Semantics ; Quantor
    Abstract: This volume covers a wide range of topics that fall under the 'philosophy of quantifiers', a philosophy that spans across multiple areas such as logic, metaphysics, epistemology, and even the history of philosophy. It discusses the import of quantifier variance in the model theory of mathematics. It advances an argument for the uniqueness of quantifier meaning in terms of Evert Beth’s notion of implicit definition, and clarifies the oldest explicit formulation of quantifier variance: the one proposed by Rudolf Carnap. The volume further examines what it means that a quantifier can have multiple meanings, and addresses how existential vagueness can induce vagueness in our modal notions. Finally, the book explores the role played by quantifiers with respect to various kinds of semantic paradoxes, the logicality issue, ontological commitment, and the behavior of quantifiers in intensional contexts
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400746411
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 338 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 208
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Dupont, Christian Phenomenology in French philosophy
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy ; Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938 ; Influence ; Philosophy, French ; 20th century ; Phenomenology ; Frankreich ; Phänomenologie ; Rezeption ; Geschichte 1889-1939
    Abstract: This work investigates the early encounters of French philosophers and religious thinkers with the phenomenological philosophy of Edmund Husserl. Following an introductory chapter addressing context and methodology, Chapter 2 argues that Henri Bergson’s insights into lived duration and intuition and Maurice Blondel’s genetic description of action functioned as essential precursors to the French reception of phenomenology. Chapter 3 details the presentations of Husserl and his followers by three successive pairs of French academic philosophers: Léon Noël and Victor Delbos, Lev Shestov and Jean Hering, and Bernard Groethuysen and Georges Gurvitch. Chapter 4 then explores the appropriation of Bergsonian and Blondelian phenomenological insights by Catholic theologians Édouard Le Roy and Pierre Rousselot. Chapter 5 examines applications and critiques of phenomenology by French religious philosophers, including Jean Hering, Joseph Maréchal, and neo-Thomists like Jacques Maritain. A concluding chapter expounds the principal finding that philosophical and theological receptions of phenomenology in France prior to 1939 proceeded independently due to differences in how Bergson and Blondel were perceived by French philosophers and religious thinkers and their respective orientations to the Cartesian and Aristotelian/Thomist intellectual traditions
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Occasion; 1.2 Contribution; 1.3 Methodology and Terminology; 1.3.1 Definition of Reception; 1.3.2 Definition of Phenomenology; 1.3.3 Definition of Religious Thought; 1.4 Plan; References; Chapter 2: Precursors to the Reception of Phenomenology in France, 1889-1909; 2.1 Three Major Currents in French Philosophy at the End of the Nineteenth Century; 2.1.1 Positivism; 2.1.2 Idealism; 2.1.2.1 Charles Renouvier; 2.1.2.2 Léon Brunschvicg; 2.1.3 Spiritualism; 2.1.3.1 Félix Ravaisson; 2.1.3.2 Jules Lachelier; 2.1.3.3 Émile Boutroux
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.1.4 Summary: Anticipations of Phenomenology in French Positivism, Idealism, and Spiritualism2.2 Henri Bergson: Lived Duration and Intuition; 2.2.1 Bergson's Original Insight; 2.2.2 Bergson's Principal Themes: Duration and Intuition; 2.2.2.1 Duration; 2.2.2.2 Intuition; 2.2.3 Bergson as a Precursor to Husserlian Phenomenology; 2.2.3.1 Similarities; 2.2.3.2 Differences; 2.2.3.3 Conclusions; 2.2.4 Bergson's Influence on French Theologians; 2.3 Maurice Blondel: A Phenomenology of Action; 2.3.1 Blondel's Original Insight; 2.3.2 Blondel's Principal Theme: Action
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.3.3 Blondel as a Precursor to Husserlian Phenomenology2.3.3.1 Critique of Positivist Approaches to Science; 2.3.3.2 Phenomenological Themes: Intentionality, Intuition, and Intersubjectivity; 2.3.3.3 Conclusions; 2.3.4 Blondel's Influence on French Theologians; 2.4 Conclusion: Bergson and Blondel as Precursors to the Reception of Husserlian Phenomenology in France; References; Chapter 3: Four Phases in the Reception of Phenomenology in French Philosophy, 1910-1939; 3.1 Léon Noël and Victor Delbos; 3.1.1 Léon Noël; 3.1.2 Victor Delbos; 3.1.3 Noël and Delbos as Interpreters of Phenomenology
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2 Lev Shestov and Jean Hering3.2.1 Lev Shestov; 3.2.2 Jean Hering; 3.2.3 Shestov's Reply to Hering; 3.2.4 Hering's Rebuttal to Shestov; 3.2.5 Shestov and Hering as Interpreters of Phenomenology; 3.3 Bernard Groethuysen and Georges Gurvitch; 3.3.1 Bernard Groethuysen; 3.3.2 Interlude: German Phenomenologists in France; 3.3.3 Georges Gurvitch; 3.3.3.1 Gurvitch on Husserl; 3.3.3.2 Gurvitch on Scheler; 3.3.3.3 Gurvitch on Lask and Hartmann; 3.3.3.4 Gurvitch on Heidegger; 3.3.4 Groethuysen and Gurvitch as Interpreters of Phenomenology; 3.4 Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Paul Sartre
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.4.1 Emmanuel Levinas3.4.1.1 On Husserl's Ideas; 3.4.1.2 Husserl's Theory of Intuition; 3.4.1.3 Heidegger's Ontology; 3.4.2 Jean-Paul Sartre; 3.4.3 Levinas and Sartre as Interpreters of Phenomenology; 3.5 Conclusion: Four Phases in the Reception of Phenomenology in French Philosophy, 1910-1939; 3.5.1 Phase One: Awareness of Husserl as a Critic of Psychologism; 3.5.2 Phase Two: Polemics Over Ideas and the Logos Essay; 3.5.3 Phase Three: Popularization of Phenomenology; 3.5.4 Phase Four: Original French Appropriations of Phenomenology; 3.5.5 Other Figures, Further Aspects; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 4: Receptions of Phenomenological Insights in French Religious Thought, 1901-1929
    Description / Table of Contents: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSINTRODUCTION -- I. The Occasion of the Dissertation -- II. The Contribution of the Dissertation -- III. Methodology and Terminology -- A. Definition of Reception -- B. Definition of Phenomenology -- C. Definition of Religious Thought -- IV. The Plan of the Dissertation -- CHAPTER 1 PRECURSORS TO THE RECEPTION OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN FRANCE, 1889-1909 -- I. Three Major Currents in French Philosophy at the End of the Nineteenth Century -- A. Positivism -- B. Idealism -- C Spiritualism -- D. Conclusion: Anticipations of Phenomenology in French Positivism, Idealism and Spiritualism.-II. Henri Bergson: Lived Duration and Intuition -- A. Bergson’s Original Insight -- B. Bergson’s Principal Themes: Duration and Intuition -- C. Bergson as a Precursor to Husserlian Phenomenology -- D. Bergson’s Influence on French Theologians -- III. Maurice Blondel: A Phenomenology of Action -- A. Blondel’s Original Insight -- B. Blondel’s Principal Theme: Action -- C. Blondel as a Precursor to Husserlian Phenomenology -- D. Blondel’s Influence on French Theologians -- IV. Conclusion: Bergson and Blondel as Precursors to the Reception of Husserlian Phenomenology in France -- CHAPTER 2 FOUR PHASES IN THE RECEPTION OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN FRENCH PHILOSOPHY, 1910-1939 -- I. Léon Noël and Victor Delbos -- A. Léon Noël -- B. Victor Delbos -- C. Noël and Delbos as Interpreters of Phenomenology -- II. Lev Shestov and Jean Héring -- A. Lev Shestov -- B. Jean Héring -- C. Shestov’s Reply to Héring -- D. Héring’s Rebuttal to Shestov -- E. Shestov and Héring as Interpreters of Phenomenology -- III. Bernard Groethuysen and Georges Gurvitch -- A. Bernard Groethuysen -- B. Interlude: German Phenomenologists in France -- C. Georges Gurvitch -- D. Groethuysen and Gurvitch as Interpreters of phenomenology -- IV. Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Paul Sartre -- A. Emmanuel Levinas -- B. Jean-Paul Sartre -- C. Levinas and Sartre as Interpreters of Phenomenology -- V. Conclusion: Four Phases in the Reception of Phenomenology in French Philosophy, 1910-1939 -- CHAPTER 3 RECEPTIONS OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL INSIGHTS IN FRENCH RELIGIOUS THOUGHT, 1901-1929 -- I. Édouard Le Roy -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Le Roy and Bergson -- C. Le Roy’s Application of Bergsonian Insights to Religious Thought -- D. Le Roy’s Contribution to the Theological Reception of Phenomenology -- II. Pierre Rousselot -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Rousselot and Blondel -- C. Rousselot’s Application of Blondelian Insights to Religious Thought -- D. Rousselot’s Contribution to the Theological Reception of Phenomenology -- CHAPTER 4 RECEPTIONS OF HUSSERLIAN PHENOMENOLOGY IN FRENCH RELIGIOUS THOUGHT, 1926-1939 -- I. Jean Héring -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Phenomenology and the Philosophy of Religion -- C. Héring’s Application of Phenomenology to Religious Thought -- II. Gaston Rabeau -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Phenomenology and Theological Epistemology -- C. Rabeau’s Application of Phenomenology to Religious Thought -- III. Joseph Maréchal -- A. His Life and Works -- B. Phenomenology and the Critical Justification of Metaphysics -- C. Maréchal’s Application of Phenomenology to Religious Thought -- IV. Neo-Thomist Encounters with Phenomenology -- A. The Société Thomiste and the Journée d’Études -- B. Neo-Thomist Appraisals of Phenomenology V. Conclusion: Two Stages in the Reception of Phenomenology in French Religious Thought Prior to 1939 -- CONCLUSION -- I. Receptions of Phenomenology in French Academic Circles prior to 1939 -- II. Appropriations of Phenomenology by French Philosophers -- III. Appropriations of Phenomenology by French Religious Thinkers -- IV. French Receptions of Phenomenology since 1939 -- WORKS CITED.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789400769731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 331 p. 46 illus., 18 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 34
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Theories of information, communication and knowledge
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Information ; Kommunikation ; Wissen ; Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft ; Online-Ressource ; Information ; Kommunikation ; Wissen
    Abstract: This book addresses some of the key questions that scientists have been asking themselves for centuries: what is knowledge? What is information? How do we know that we know something? How do we construct meaning from the perceptions of things? Although no consensus exists on a common definition of the concepts of information and communication, few can reject the hypothesis that information - whether perceived as « object » or as « process » - is a pre-condition for knowledge. Epistemology is the study of how we know things (anglophone meaning) or the study of how scientific knowledge is arrived at and validated (francophone conception). To adopt an epistemological stance is to commit oneself to render an account of what constitutes knowledge or in procedural terms, to render an account of when one can claim to know something. An epistemological theory imposes constraints on the interpretation of human cognitive interaction with the world. It goes without saying that different epistemological theories will have more or less restrictive criteria to distinguish what constitutes knowledge from what is not. If information is a pre-condition for knowledge acquisition, giving an account of how knowledge is acquired should impact our comprehension of information and communication as concepts. While a lot has been written on the definition of these concepts, less research has attempted to establish explicit links between differing theoretical conceptions of these concepts and the underlying epistemological stances. This is what this volume attempts to do. It offers a multidisciplinary exploration of information and communication as perceived in different disciplines and how those perceptions affect theories of knowledge
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Fidelia Ibekwe-SanJuan and Thomas DousaChapter 1: Cybersemiotics: A new foundation for transdisciplinary theory of information, cognition, meaning, communication and consciousness; Søren Brier -- Chapter 2: Epistemology and the Study of Social Information within the Perspective of a Unified Theory of Information;Wolfgang Hofkirchner.- Chapter 3: Perception and Testimony as Data Providers; Luciano Floridi -- Chapter 4: Human communication from the semiotic perspective; Winfried Nöth --   Chapter 5: Mind the gap: transitions between concepts of information in varied domains; Lyn Robinson and David Bawden -- Chapter 6:  Information and the disciplines: A conceptual meta-analysis; Jonathan Furner -- Chapter 7: Epistemological Challenges for Information Science; Ian Cornelius -- Chapter 8: The nature of information science and its core concepts; Birger Hjørland -- Chapter 9: Sylvie Leleu-Merviel. Coalescence in the informational process. Application to visual sense-making. Chapter 10: Understanding users’ informational constructs through the affordances of cinematographic images; Michel Labour -- Chapter 11: Documentary Languages and the Demarcation of Information Units in Textual Information: A Case Study; Thomas Dousa -- Index.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401787802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 191 p. 10 illus., 1 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 79
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Poincaré, philosopher of science
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Differentiable dynamical systems ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Differentiable dynamical systems ; Poincaré, Henri 1854-1912 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This volume presents a selection of papers from the Poincaré Project of the Center for the Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, bringing together an international group of scholars with new assessments of Henri Poincaré's philosophy of science-both its historical impact on the foundations of science and mathematics, and its relevance to contemporary philosophical inquiry. The work of Poincaré (1854-1912) extends over many fields within mathematics and mathematical physics. But his scientific work was inseparable from his groundbreaking philosophical reflections, and the scientific ferment in which he participated was inseparable from the philosophical controversies in which he played a pre-eminent part. The subsequent history of the mathematical sciences was profoundly influenced by Poincaré’s philosophical analyses of the relations between and among mathematics, logic, and physics, and, more generally, the relations between formal structures and the world of experience. The papers in this collection illuminate Poincaré’s place within his own historical context as well as the implications of his work for ours
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceIntroduction; Robert DiSalle and María de Paz -- Part I Poincaré’s Philosophy of Science -- 1 Portrait of Henri Poincaré as a young philosopher: the formative years (1860-1873); Laurent Rollet -- 2 The Invention of Convention; Janet Folina -- 3 The third way epistemology: A re-characterization of Poincaré’s conventionalism; María de Paz -- 4 Poincaré, Indifferent Hypotheses and Metaphysics; Antonio Videira -- Part II Poincaré on the Foundations of Mathematics -- 5 Poincaré in Göttingen; Reinhard Kahle -- 6 Poincaré on the Principles of the Calculus; Augusto J. Franco de Oliveira -- 7 Does the French Connection (Poincaré, Lautman) provide some insights regarding the thesis that meta-mathematics is an exception to the slogan that mathematics concerns structures?; Gerhard Heinzmann.- Part III Poincaré on the Foundations of Physics -- 8 Henri Poincaré: The status of mechanical explanations and the foundations of statistical mechanics; João Príncipe -- 9 Poincaré: A scientist inspired by his philosophy; Isabella Serra -- 10 Poincaré on the construction of space-time; Robert DiSalle -- Contributors -- Index.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319029436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 250 p. 16 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 369
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Computer science ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Computer science
    Abstract: The main purpose of the present volume is to advance our understanding of the notions of knowledge and context, the connections between them, and the ways in which they can be modeled, in particular formalized - a question of prime importance and utmost relevance to such diverse disciplines as philosophy, linguistics, computer science and artificial intelligence, and cognitive science. Bringing together essays written by world-leading experts and emerging researchers in epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, linguistics, and theoretical computer science, the book examines the formal modeling of knowledge and the knowledge-context link at one or more of three intersections -- context and epistemology, epistemology and formalism, formalism and context - and presents a novel range of approaches to the current discussions that the connections between knowledge, language, action, reasoning, and context continually enlivens. It develops powerful ideas that will push the relevant fields forward and give a sense of the new directions in which mainstream and formal research on knowledge and context is heading
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Franck Lihoreau and Manuel RebuschiChapter 1. Context as Assumptions; Erich Rast -- Chapter 2. Knowledge and Disagreement; Martin Montminy -- Chapter 3. A Contradiction for Contextualism?; Peter Baumann -- Chapter 4. Epistemic Contexts and Indexicality; Yves Bouchard -- Chapter 5. Knowing Who: How Perspectives and Context Interact; Maria Aloni and Bruno Jacinto -- Chapter 6. Knowledge Attributions in Context of Decision Problems; Robert van Rooij -- Chapter 7. How Context Dependent is Scientific Knowledge?; Sven Ove Hansson.- Chapter 8. Action, Failure and Free Will Choice in Epistemic stit Logic; Jan Broersen and John-Jules Charles Meyer -- Chapter 9. Belief, Intention and Practicality: Loosening Up Agents and Their Propositional Attitudes; Richmond H. Thomason -- Chapter 10. Character Matching and the Locke Pocket of Belief; Gregory Wheeler -- Chapter 11. A modal logic of perceptual belief; Andreas Herzig and Emiliano Lorini -- Chapter 12. Hyperintensionality and De Re Beliefs A Counterpart-Theoretic Account; Paul Égré -- Chapter 13. Knowledge Is Justifiable True Information; Jaakko Hintikka.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319051468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 557 p. 29 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Mind, values, and metaphysics ; 2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: There are three themed parts to this book: values, ethics and emotions in the first part, epistemology, perception and consciousness in the second part, and philosophy of mind and philosophy of language in the third part. Papers in this volume provide links between emotions and values and explore dependency between language, meanings and concepts, and topics such as the liar’s paradox, reference and metaphor are examined. This book is the second of a two-volume set that originates in papers presented to Professor Kevin Mulligan, covering the subjects that he contributed to during his career. This volume opens with a paper by Moya, who proposes that there is an asymmetrical relation between the possibility of choice and moral responsibility. The first part of this volume ends with a description of foolishness as insensitivity to the values of knowledge, by Engel. Marconi’s article makes three negative claims about relative truth and Sundholm notes shortcomings of the English language for epistemology, amongst other papers. This section ends with a discussion of the term ‘subjective character’ by Nida-Rümelin, who finds it misleading. The third part of this volume contains papers exploring topics such as the mind-body problem, whether theory of mind is based on simulation or theory, and Künne shows that the most common analyses of the so-called 'Liar' paradox are wanting. At the end of this section, Rizzi introduces syntactic cartography and illustrates its use in scope-discourse semantics. This second volume contains twenty nine chapters, written by both high profile and upcoming researchers from across Europe, North America and North Africa. The first volume of this set has two main themes: metaphysics, especially truth-making and the notion of explanation, and the second theme is the history of philosophy with an emphasis on Austrian philosophy
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction; A. Reboul, 10Part I: Values, Ethics and Emotions -- Chapter 2. Alternatives and Responsibility: An Asymmetrical Approach; C. Moya -- Chapter 3. The Normativity of Evaluative Concepts; C. Tappolet, 18 -- Chapter 4. For Kevin’s sake; T. Rønnow-Rasmussen -- Chapter 5. Knowledge, Emotion, Value and Inner Normativity: When KEVIN meets Collective Persons; A. Konzelmann Ziv -- Chapter 6. The Argument of Ethical Naturalism; B. Baertschi -- Chapter 7. Why We Don’t Perceive Aesthetic Properties; C. Todd -- Chapter 8. Literature, Emotions and the Possible: Hazlitt and Stendhal; P. Lombardo -- Chapter 9. L’avenir du crétinisme; P. Engel -- Part II. Epistemology, Perception, and Consciousness -- Chapter 10. Three Easy Points on Relative Truth; D. Marconi -- Chapter 11. Mere Belief as a Modification; M. van der Schaar -- Chapter 12. The Epistemological Disunity of Memory; F. Teroni -- Chapter 13. The Vocabulary of Epistemology, with observations on some surprising shortcomings of the English language; G. Sundholm -- Chapter 14. The Blurred Hen; C. Calabi -- Chapter 15. How Picture Perfection Defies Cognitive Impenetrability; A. Voltolini -- Chapter 16. Singular Thoughts, Seeing Doubles and Delusional Misidentification; P. Gerrans -- Chapter 17. Reconstructing (Phenomenal) Consciousness; A. Paternoster -- Chapter 18. Basic Intentionality, Primitive Awareness and Awareness of Oneself; M. Nida-Rümelin -- Part III: Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Language -- Chapter 19. Causal Equivalence as a Basis for the Specification of Neural Correlates; U. Meixner -- Chapter 20. Simulation vs. Theory-Theory: A Plea for an Epistemological Turn; J. Deonna & B. Nanay -- Chapter 21. Mental Simulation and the Reification of Beliefs; J. Dokic -- Chapter 22. Numerals and Word Sequences; R. Casati -- Chapter 23. Frege’s New Language; J. Barnes -- Chapter 24. On Liars, ‘Liars’ and Harmless Self-Reference; W. Künne -- Chapter 25. Constitutive vs. Normative Accounts of Speech and Mental Acts; M. Garcia-Carpintero -- Chapter 26. M&Ms - Mentally Mediated Meanings; L. Cesalli -- Chapter 27. Mental Files and Identity; F. Recanati -- Chapter 28. Did ‘Madagascar’ Undergo a Change in Referent?; M. Santambrogio -- Chapter 29. Live metaphors; A. Reboul -- Chapter 30. Syntactic Cartography and the Syntacticisation of Scope-Discourse Semantics; L. Rizzi.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9783319053899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 329 p. 124 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Advances in Mathematics Education
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Networking of theories as a research practice in mathematics education
    RVK:
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Mathematics ; Education ; Education ; Genetic epistemology ; Mathematics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Mathematik ; Didaktik ; Netzwerk ; Mathematikunterricht
    Abstract: How can we deal with the diversity of theories in mathematics education? This was the main question that led the authors of this book to found the Networking Theories Group. Starting from the shared assumption that the existence of different theories is a resource for mathematics education research, the authors have explored the possibilities of interactions between theories, such as contrasting, coordinating, and locally integrating them. The book explains and illustrates what it means to network theories; it presents networking as a challenging but fruitful research practice and shows how the Group dealt with this challenge considering five theoretical approaches, namely the approach of Action, Production, and Communication (APC), the Theory of Didactical Situations (TDS), the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD), the approach of Abstraction in Context (AiC), and the Theory of Interest-Dense Situations (IDS). A synthetic presentation of each theory and their connections shows how the activity of networking generates questions at the theoretical, methodological and practical levels and how the work on these questions leads to both theoretical and practical progress. The core of the book consists of four new networking case studies which illustrate what exactly can be gained by this approach and what kind of difficulties might arise
    Description / Table of Contents: PART A: IntroductionChapter 0: Susanne Prediger & Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs: Preface -- Chapter 1: Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs, Susanne Prediger, Michèle Artigue, Ferdinando Arzarello, Marianna Bosch, Tommy Dreyfus, Stefan Halverscheid, Mariam Haspekian, Ivy Kidron, Alexander Meyer, Cristina Sabena, & Ingolf Schäfer: Starting points for dealing with the diversity of theory -- Chapter 2: Cristina Sabena: Description of the data: Introducing the session of Ciro, Gabriele and the exponential function -- PART B: Diversity of theories -- Chapter 3: Ferdinando Arzarello & Cristina Sabena: Introduction to the approach of Action, Production and Communication (APC) -- Chapter 4: Michèle Artigue & Mariam Haspekian & Agnes Lenfant: Introduction to the Theory of Didactical Situations (TDS) -- Chapter 5: Marianna Bosch & Josep Gascon: Introduction to the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD) -- Chapter 6: Tommy Dreyfus & Ivy Kidron: Introduction to Abstraction in Context (AiC) -- Chapter 7: Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs & Stefan Halverscheid: Introduction to the Theory of Interest-Dense Situations (IDS) -- PART C: Case studies of Networking -- Chapter 8: Susanne Prediger & Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs: Introduction to networking: Networking strategies and their background -- Chapter 9: Tommy Dreyfus, Cristina Sabena, Ivy Kidron, Ferdinando Arzarello: The Epistemic Role of Gestures - A case study on networking of APC and AiC -- Chapter 10: Ivy Kidron, Michele Artigue, Marianna Bosch, Tommy Dreyfus, Mariam Haspekian: Context, milieu and media-milieu dialectic - A case study on networking of AiC, TDS, and ATD -- Chapter 11: Cristina Sabena, Ferdinando Arzarello, Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs, Ingolf Schäfer: The epistemological gap - A case study on networking of APC and IDS -- CHAPTER 12  Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs, Michèle Artigue & Mariam Haspekian: Topaze Effect - A case study on networking of IDS and TDS -- PART D: Reflections -- Chapter 13: Stefan Halverscheid: Beyond the official academic stage - Dialogical intermezzo -- Chapter 14: Angelika Bikner-Ahsbahs & Susanne Prediger: Networking as research practices : methodological lessons learnt from the case studies -- Chapter 15: Michèle Artigue & Marianna Bosch: Reflection on Networking through the praxeological lens -- Chapter 16: Kenneth Ruthven: From networked theories to modular tools? -- Chapter 17: Luis Radford: Theories and their networking - A Heideggerian commentary -- Appendix -- Index.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9783319053561
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 378 p. 161 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 371
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Mereology and the Sciences
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer science ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer science ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ganzheit ; Raumwahrnehmung ; Naturwissenschaften ; Naturphilosophie
    Abstract: This volume is the first systematic and thorough attempt to investigate the relation and the possible applications of mereology to contemporary science. It gathers contributions from leading scholars in the field and covers a wide range of scientific theories and practices such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, computer science and engineering. Throughout the volume, a variety of foundational issues are investigated both from the formal and the empirical point of view. The first section looks at the topic as it applies to physics. The section addresses questions of persistence and composition within quantum and relativistic physics and concludes by scrutinizing the possibility to capture continuity of motion as described by our best physical theories within gunky spacetimes. The second part tackles mathematics and shows how to provide a foundation for point-free geometry of space switching to fuzzy-logic. The relation between mereological sums and set-theoretic suprema is investigated and issues about different mereological perspectives such as classical and natural Mereology are thoroughly discussed. The third section in the volume looks at natural science. Several questions from biology, medicine and chemistry are investigated. From the perspective of biology, there is an attempt to provide axioms for inferring statements about parthood between two biological entities from statements about their spatial relation. From the perspective of chemistry, it is argued that classical mereological frameworks are not adequate to capture the practices of chemistry in that they consider neither temporal nor modal parameters. The final part introduces computer science and engineering. A new formal mereological framework in which an indeterminate relation of parthood is taken as a primitive notion is constructed and then applied to a wide variety of disciplines from robotics to knowledge engineering. A formal framework for discrete mereotopology and its applications is developed and finally, the importance of mereology for the relatively new science of domain engineering is also discussed
    Description / Table of Contents: Notes on ContributorsIntroduction: Parts, Wholes and Contemporary Sciences; C. Calosi and P. Graziani -- Part I. Physics -- Introduction to Part I: Mereology and Physics -- Building Enduring Objects out of Spacetime; C. Gilmore -- Relativistic Parts and Places: a Note on Corner Slices and Shrinking Chairs; Y. Balashov -- Parthood and Composition in Quantum Mechanics; C. Calosi and G. Tarozzi -- Continuity of motion in Whitehead’s Geometrical Space; V. Fano and P. Graziani -- Part II. Mathematics -- Introduction to Part II: Mereology and Mathematics -- Multi-valued Logic for a Point Free Foundation of Geometry; C. Coppola and G. Gerla -- The Relations of Supremum and Mereological Sum in Partially Ordered Sets; R. Gruszyński and A. Pietruszczak -- Natural Mereology and Classical Mereology; P. Hovda -- Part III. Natural Sciences -- Introduction to Part III: Mereology and Natural Science -- Crisp islands in vague seas. Cases of determinate parthood relations in biological objects; L. Jansen, S. Schulz -- Developing the Mereology of Chemistry; J. P. Llored and R. Harrè -- Part IV. Computer Sciences and Engineering -- Introduction to Part IV: Mereology, Computer Sciences and Engineering -- Mereology in Engineering and Computer Sciences; L. Polkowski -- Discrete Mereotopology; A. Galton -- A Role for Mereology in Domain Science and Engineering; D. Bjørner.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319062365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 347 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 213
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Summa, Michela, 1980 - Spatio-temporal intertwining
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Humanities ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Transzendentale Ästhetik
    Abstract: This volume explores Husserl’s theory of sensibility and his conceptualization of spatial and temporal constitution. The author maps the linkages between Husserl’s ‘transcendental aesthetic’, the theory of pure experience in empirio-criticism, as well as Immanuel Kant’s transcendental philosophy. The core argument in this analysis centers on the relationship between spatiality and temporality in Husserl’s philosophy. The study interrogates Husserl’s understanding of the relationship between spatiality and temporality in terms of stratifications, analogies and parallelisms. It incorporates a discussion of the potentialities and limitations of such an understanding. It concludes that such limits can be overcome by adopting an understanding of spatiality and temporality as interwoven moments of sensible experience-a ‘spatio-temporal intertwining’. This ‘intertwining’ is made explicit in a thorough inquiry into three central topics in the phenomenological analysis of sensible experience: spatio-temporal individuation, perspectival givenness and bodily experience. The book shows how such an inquiry can form the bedrock of a dynamic and relational understanding of experience as a whole
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction -- Part 2 Husserl’s transcendental aesthetic -- Chapter 2 The phenomenological aesthetic -- Chapter 3 The transcendental aesthetic: Husserl and Kant -- Part 3 Parallelisms, stratifications, and beyond -- Chapter 4 Intuitiveness, constitution, and idealization: modes of spatial and temporal experience -- Chapter 5 The thing of the transcendental aesthetic: Spatial and temporal constitution -- Part 4 Spatio-temporal intertwining. The dynamics of experience -- Chapter 6 Individuation, irreversibility, and the spatio-temporal intertwining -- Chapter 7 Perspectival givenness -- Chapter 8 The transcendental aesthetic and the lived-body -- Part 5 Conclusions -- Chapter 9 Conclusions -- Index.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319046723
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 360 p. 6 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 366
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Virtue epistemology naturalized
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Consciousness ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Tugend ; Ethik ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This book presents four bridges connecting work in virtue epistemology and work in philosophy of science (broadly construed) that may serve as catalysts for the further development of naturalized virtue epistemology. These bridges are: empirically informed theories of epistemic virtue; virtue theoretic solutions to underdetermination; epistemic virtues in the history of science; and the value of understanding. Virtue epistemology has opened many new areas of inquiry in contemporary epistemology including: epistemic agency, the role of motivations and emotions in epistemology, the nature of abilities, skills and competences, wisdom and curiosity. Value driven epistemic inquiry has become quite complex and there is a need for a responsible and rigorous process of constructing naturalized theories of epistemic virtue. This volume makes the involvement of the sciences more explicit and looks at the empirical aspect of virtue epistemology. Concerns about virtue epistemology are considered in the essays contained here, including the question: can any virtue epistemology meet both the normativity constraint and the empirical constraint? The volume suggests that these worries should not be seen as impediments but rather as useful constraints and desiderata to guide the construction of naturalized theories of epistemic virtue
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction: Virtue epistemology meets philosophy of science; Abrol FairweatherPart I. Epistemic Virtue, Cognitive Science & Situationism -- Chapter 2. The Function of Perception; Peter Graham -- Chapter 3.Metacognition and Intellectual Virtue; Chris Lepock -- Chapter 4. Daring to Believe: Epistemic Agency and Reflective Knowledge in Virtue Epistemology; Fernando Broncano -- Chapter 5. Success, Minimal Agency and Epistemic Virtue; Carlos Montemayor -- Chapter 6. Toward a Eudaimonistic Virtue Epistemology; Berit Brogaard -- Chapter 7. The Situationist Challenge to Reliabilism About Inference; Mark Alfano -- Chapter 8. Inferential Virtues and Common Epistemic Goods; Abrol Fairweather & Carlos Montemayor -- Part II. Epistemic Virtue and Formal Epistemology -- Chapter 9. Curiosity, Belief and Acquaintance; Ilhan Inan -- Chapter 10. Epistemic Values and Disinformation; Don Fallis -- Chapter 11. Defeasibility without inductivism; Juan Comasana -- Part III. Virtues of Theories and Virtues of Theorists -- Chapter 12. Acting to know; Adam Morton -- Chapter 13. Is there a place for epistemic virtues in theory choice; Milena Ivanova -- Chapter 14. “Bridging A Fault Line: On under determination and the ampliative adequacy of competing theories”; Guy Axtell -- Chapter 15. Epistemic virtues and the success of science; Dana Tulodziecki -- Chapter 16. Experimental Virtue: Perceptual Responsiveness and the Praxis of Scientific Observation; Shannon Vallor -- Chapter 17. A Matter of Phronesis: Experiment and Virtue in Physics, a Case Study; Marilena diBuchianno -- Part IV. Understanding, Explanation and Epistemic Virtue -- Chapter 18. Knowledge and Understanding; Duncan Pritchard -- Chapter 19. Understanding As Knowledge of Causes; Stephen Grimm -- Chapter 20. Knowledge, Understanding and Virtue; Christoph Kelp.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    ISBN: 9783642374289
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 639 p. 79 illus., 4 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 8
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Model-Based reasoning in science and technology
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Computer simulation ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Computer simulation ; Consciousness ; Konferenzschrift 2012 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturwissenschaften ; Modellbasiertes Schließen ; Modellbasiertes Schließen ; Rationalität ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Naturwissenschaften ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: This book contains contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR´012), held on June 21-23 in Sestri Levante, Italy. Interdisciplinary researchers discuss in this volume how scientific cognition and other kinds of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. Some of the contributions analyzed the problem of model-based reasoning in technology and stressed the issues of scientific and technological innovation. The book is divided in three main parts: models, mental models, representations; abduction, problem solving and practical reasoning; historical, epistemological and technological issues.
    Description / Table of Contents: Models, Mental models, RepresentationsAbduction, Problem solving and Practical reasoning -- Historical, Epistemological and Technological issues.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789400751224
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 334 p. 227 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 301
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Scientific sources and teaching contexts throughout history
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science, general ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Education Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Science History ; Science Philosophy ; Science, general ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaftslehre ; Wissenschaft ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Geschichte
    Abstract: Making clear the meaning of "context" and highlighting the complexity hidden in the words "teaching" and "learning", this book presents comparatist approaches and emphasizes the notion of teaching as projects embedded in coherent treatises or productions
    Abstract: This book examines the textual, social, cultural, practical and institutional environments to which the expression “teaching and learning contexts” refers. It reflects on the extent to which studying such environments helps us to better understand ancient or modern sources, and how notions of “teaching” and “learning” are to be understood. Tackling two problems: the first, is that of certain sources of scientific knowledge being studied without taking into account the various “contexts” of transmission that gave this knowledge a long-lasting meaning. The second is that other sources are related to teaching and learning activities, but without being too precise and demonstrative about the existence and nature of this “teaching context”. In other words, this book makes clear what is meant by “context” and highlights the complexity of the practice hidden by the words “teaching” and “learning”. Divided into three parts, the book makes accessible teaching and learning situations, presents comparatist approaches, and emphasizes the notion of teaching as projects embedded in coherent treatises or productions.
    Description / Table of Contents: ContributorsGeneral Introduction; Alain Bernard and Christine Proust -- Part I: Holistic Approach -- The teaching context and reading from the 16th to the 19th centuries: The role of the memorization of texts in learning; Anne-Marie Chartier -- Teaching and learning medicine and exorcism at Uruk during the Hellenistic period; Philippe Clancier -- Part II: Critical Approach -- Does a master always write for his students? Some evidence from Old Babylonian scribal schools; Christine Proust -- In what sense did Theon’s commentary on the Almagest have a didactic purpose?; Alain Bernard -- Part III: Comparative Approach -- Relationships between French “practical arithmetics” and teaching?; Stéphane Lamassé -- On the transmission of mathematical knowledge in versified form in China; Andrea Bréard -- Mathematical Progress or Mathematical Teaching? Bilingualism and Printing In European Renaissance Mathematics; Giovanna C. Cifoletti -- Part IV: Zooming Approach.- Leonardo of Pisa and the Liber Abaci. Biographical elements and the project of the work; Eva Caianiello -- Didactical Dimensions of Mathematical Problems: Weighted Distribution in a Vietnamese Mathematical Treatise; Alexei Volkov -- Learning and Teaching Medicine in Late Imperial China; Florence Bretelle-Establet -- Post Face -- On the sources of the historian of science from the perspective of a history of education; Karine Chemla -- Index.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400766150
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 247 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library 72
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Bailey, Alan, 1959 - Hume's critique of religion
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Hume, David 1711-1776 ; Religionsphilosophie ; Hume, David 1711-1776 ; Religionsphilosophie
    Abstract: In this volume, authors Alan Bailey and Dan O’Brien examine the full import of David Hume’s arguments and the context of the society in which his work came to fruition. They analyze the nuanced nature of Hume's philosophical discourse and provide an informed look into his position on the possible content and rational justification of religious belief. The authors first detail the pressures and forms of repression that confronted any 18th century thinker wishing to challenge publicly the truth of Christian theism. From there, they offer an overview of Hume's writings on religion, paying particular attention to the inter-relationships between the various works. They show that Hume's writings on religion are best seen as an artfully constructed web of irreligious argument that seeks to push forward a radical outlook, one that only emerges when the attention shifts from the individual sections of the web to its overall structure and context. Even though there is no explicit denial in any of Hume's published writings or private correspondence of the existence of God, the implications of his arguments often seem to point strongly towards atheism. David Hume was one of the leading British critics of Christianity and all forms of religion at a time when public utterances or published writings denying the truth of Christianity were liable to legal prosecution. His philosophical and historical writings offer a sustained and remarkably open critique of religion that is unmatched by any previous author writing in English. Yet, despite Hume’s widespread reputation amongst his contemporaries for extreme irreligion, the subtle and measured manner in which he presents his position means that it remains far from clear how radical his views actually were
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Hume the InfidelChapter 2. Blasphemy, Dissimulation, and Humean Prudence -- Chapter 3. Hume's Writings on Religion -- Chapter 4. Hume on the Intelligibility of Religious Discourse -- Chapter 5. Epistemological Scepticism and Religious Belief -- Chapter 6. That Simple and Sublime Argument -- Chapter 7. The Design Argument and Empirical Evidence of God's Existence -- Chapter 8. The Problem of Evil -- Chapter 9. Miracles -- Chapter 10. The Natural History of Religion -- Chapter 11. Morality -- Chapter 12. History and the Evaluation of Religion -- Chapter 13. Was Hume an Atheist?.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400778382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 233 p. 3 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 368
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Computer science ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Computer science
    Abstract: This book analyzes Bas van Fraassen’s characterization of representation and models in science. In this regard, it presents the philosophical coordinates of his approach and pays attention to his structural empiricism as a framework for his views on scientific representations and models. These are developed here through two new contributions made by van Fraassen. In addition, there are analyses of the relation between models and reality in his approach, where the complexity of this conception is considered in detail. Furthermore, there is an examination of scientific explanation and epistemic values judgments. This volume includes a wealth of bibliographical information on his philosophy and relevant philosophical issues. Bas van Fraassen is a key figure in contemporary philosophy of science, as the prestigious Hempel Award shows. His views on scientific representation offer new ideas on how it should be characterized, and his conception of models shows a novelty that goes beyond other empiricists’ approaches of recent times. Both aspects - the characterization of scientific representation and the conception of models in science - are part of a deliberate attempt to forge a “structural empiricism,” an alternative to structural realism based on an elaborated version of empiricism
    Description / Table of Contents: Prologue; Wenceslao J. GonzalezPart 1. Philosophical Coordinates -- Chapter 1. “On Representation and Models in Bas van Fraassen’s Approach”; Wenceslao J. Gonzalez -- Chapter 2. “Scientific Activity as an Interpretative Practice. Empiricism, Constructivism and Pragmatism”; Inmaculada Perdomo -- Chapter 3. “Models and Phenomena: Bas van Fraassen’s Empiricist Structuralism”; Iranzo, Valeriano -- Part 2. Models and Representations -- Chapter 4. “The Criterion of Empirical Grounding in the Sciences”; Bas van Fraassen -- Chapter 5. “On Representing Evidence”; Maria Carla Galavotti -- Part 3. Models and Reality -- Chapter 6. “The View from Within and the View from Above : Looking at van Fraassen’s Perrin”; Stathis Psillos -- Chapter 7. “Models and Phenomena: Bas van Fraassen’s Empiricist Structuralism”;  Valeriano Iranzo -- Chapter 8. “Scientific Models and Abduction: The Role of Non Classical Logics”; Ángel Nepomuceno -- Part 4. Scientific Explanation and Epistemic Values Judgments -- Chapter 9. “Explanation as a Pragmatic Virtue: Bas van Fraassen’s Model”; Margarita Santana -- Chapter 10. “Values, Choices, and Epistemic Stances”, Bas van Fraassen.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319036717
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 187 p. 28 illus., 17 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice 23
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von, 1912 - 2007 Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker: Major texts in philosophy
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturwissenschaften ; Philosophie ; Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von 1912-2007 ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of texts by the German philosopher and physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1912-2007), for use in seminars on philosophy, mainly epistemology and the philosophy of physics or foundations of quantum mechanics, but also for courses on German philosophy of the 20th century or the philosophy of science. Most texts appear in English for the first time. Weizsäcker became famous through his works in physics, later becoming well known as a philosopher and an analyst of contemporary culture and politics. He worked intensively on projects for the prevention of nuclear war and for peace in general. - Texts about classical philosophy are included as well as on logic, on the philosophy of biology and on the philosophy of mathematics, on “death” as well as on “power”
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPreliminary Epistemological Considerations -- A Description of Physics -- Time - Physics - Metaphysics -- Biological Preliminaries to Logic -- Models of Health and Illness, Good and Evil, Truth and Falseness -- Parmenides and the Graylag Goose -- Parmenides and Quantum Theory -- Possibility and Movement: A Note on Aristotelian Physics -- The Rationality of Emotions -- On Power.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319041629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 226 p. 3 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 121
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Riel, Raphael van, 1979 - The concept of reduction
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Mathematical statistics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Mathematical statistics ; Reduktionismus ; Elementarisierung ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This volume investigates the notion of reduction. Building on the idea that philosophers employ the term ‘reduction’ to reconcile diversity and directionality with unity, without relying on elimination, the book offers a powerful explication of an “ontological”, notion of reduction the extension of which is (primarily) formed by properties, kinds, individuals, or processes. It argues that related notions of reduction, such as theory-reduction and functional reduction, should be defined in terms of this explication. Thereby, the book offers a coherent framework, which sheds light on the history of the various reduction debates in the philosophy of science and in the philosophy of mind, and on related topics such as reduction and unification, the notion of a scientific level, and physicalism. The book takes its point of departure in the examination of a puzzle about reduction. To illustrate, the book takes as an example the reduction of water. If water reduces to H2O, then water is identical to H2O - thus we get unity. Unity does not come at the price of elimination - claiming that water reduces to H2O, we do not thereby claim that there is no water. But what about diversity and directionality? Intuitively, there should be a difference between water and H2O, such that we get diversity. This is required for there to be directionality: in a sense, if water reduces to H2O, then H2O is prior to, or more basic than water. At least, if water reduces to H2O, then H2O does not reduce to water. But how can this be, if water is identical to H2O? The book shows that the application of current models of reduction does not solve this puzzle, and proposes a new coherent definition, according to which unity is tied to identity, diversity is descriptive in nature, and directionality is the directionality of explanation
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceChapter 1. Introduction -- Part 1. The Concept of Reduction-An Explication -- Chapter 2. How to Approach Reduction: Explication and Meta-Science -- Chapter 3. The Puzzle of Reduction -- Chapter 4. Reductive Explanation and Mechanistic Explanation -- Chapter 5. Reductive Explanation -- Part 2. The Explication at Work -- Chapter 6. Reduction in the Philosophy of Mind -- Chapter 7. Conceptions of Reduction in the Philosophy of Science -- Chapter 8. Theory Reduction and Holism -- Chapter 9. Reduction Beyond the Reduction Debate -- Chapter 10. The Reductionist’s Commitment.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9783319043616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 293 p. 5 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind 14
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Active perception in the history of philosophy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Consciousness
    Abstract: The aim of the present work is to show the roots of the conception of perception as an active process, tracing the history of its development from Plato to modern philosophy. The contributors inquire into what activity is taken to mean in different theories, challenging traditional historical accounts of perception that stress the passivity of percipients in coming to know the external world. Special attention is paid to the psychological and physiological mechanisms of perception, rational and non-rational perception, and the role of awareness in the perceptual process. Perception has often been conceived as a process in which the passive aspects - such as the reception of sensory stimuli - were stressed and the active ones overlooked. However, during recent decades research in cognitive science and philosophy of mind has emphasized the activity of the subject in the process of sense perception, often associating this activity to the notions of attention and intentionality. Although it is recognized that there are ancient roots to the view that perception is fundamentally active, the history remains largely unexplored. The book is directed to all those interested in contemporary debates in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive psychology who would like to become acquainted with the historical background of active perception, but for historical reliability the aim is to make no compromises
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: The World as a Stereogram; José Filipe Silva and Mikko Yrjönsuuri2. Plato: Interaction Between the External Body and the Perceiver in the Timaeus; Pauliina Remes -- 3. Activity, Passivity, and Perceptual Discrimination in Aristotle; Klaus Corcilius -- 4. On Activity and Passivity in Perception: Aristotle, Philoponus, and Pseudo-Simplicius; Miira Tuominen -- 5. Augustine on Active Perception; José Filipe Silva -- 6. Avicenna on the Soul’s Activity in Perception; Jari Kaukua -- 7. Medieval Theories of Active Perception: An Overview; José Filipe Silva -- 8. Agent Sense in Averroes and Latin Averroism; Jean-Baptiste Brenet -- 9. Active Perception from Nicholas of Cusa to Thomas Hobbes; Cees Leijenhorst.-10. Seeing Distance; Mikko Yrjönsuuri -- 11. Descartes and Active Perception; Cecilia Wee -- 12 Locke and Active Perception; Vili Lähteenmäki -- 13. Spinoza on Activity in Sense Perception; Valtteri Viljanen.-14. Berkeley and Activity in Visual Perception; Ville Paukkonen.-15. Activity and Passivity in Theories of Perception: Descartes to Kant; Gary Hatfield. .
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319004044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 285 p. 63 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 364
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Rodin, Andrei Axiomatic method and category theory
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Algebra ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Algebra ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Axiomatische Methode ; Kategorientheorie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Mathematik
    Abstract: This volume explores the many different meanings of the notion of the axiomatic method, offering an insightful historical and philosophical discussion about how these notions changed over the millennia. The author, a well-known philosopher and historian of mathematics, first examines Euclid, who is considered the father of the axiomatic method, before moving onto Hilbert and Lawvere. He then presents a deep textual analysis of each writer and describes how their ideas are different and even how their ideas progressed over time. Next, the book explores category theory and details how it has revolutionized the notion of the axiomatic method. It considers the question of identity/equality in mathematics as well as examines the received theories of mathematical structuralism. In the end, Rodin presents a hypothetical New Axiomatic Method, which establishes closer relationships between mathematics and physics. Lawvere's axiomatization of topos theory and Voevodsky's axiomatization of higher homotopy theory exemplify a new way of axiomatic theory building, which goes beyond the classical Hilbert-style Axiomatic Method. The new notion of Axiomatic Method that emerges in categorical logic opens new possibilities for using this method in physics and other natural sciences. This volume offers readers a coherent look at the past, present and anticipated future of the Axiomatic Method
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionPart I A Brief History of the Axiomatic Method -- Chapter 1. Euclid: Doing and Showing -- Chapter 2. Hilbert: Making It Formal -- Chapter 3. Formal Axiomatic Method and the 20th Century Mathematics -- Chapter. 4 Lawvere: Pursuit of Objectivity -- Conclusion of Part 1 -- Part II. Identity and Categorification -- Chapter 5. Identity in Classical and Constructive Mathematics -- Chapter 6. Identity Through Change, Category Theory and Homotopy Theory -- Conclusion of Part 2 -- Part III. Subjective Intuitions and Objective Structures -- Chapter 7. How Mathematical Concepts Get Their Bodies. Chapter 8. Categories versus Structures -- Chapter 9. New Axiomatic Method (instead of conclusion) -- Bibliography.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9783319059846
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 398 p. 1 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in German Idealism 16
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Nitzan, Lior Jacob Sigismund Beck’s Standpunctslehre and the Kantian Thing-in-itself Debate
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Beck, Jacob Sigismund 1761-1840 ; Ding an sich ; Abstraktion ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Kantianismus
    Abstract: This book examines the unique views of philosopher Jacob Sigismund Beck, a student of Immanuel Kant who devoted himself to an exploration of his teacher's doctrine and to showing that Kant’s transcendental idealism is, contra to the common view, both internally consistent and is not a form of subjective idealism. In his attempt to explain away certain apparent contradictions found in Kant's system, Beck put forward a new reading of Kant’s critical theory, a view, which came to be known as the Standpunctslehre, the Doctrine of the Standpoint. Author Lior Nitzan reconstructs, step by step, the historical development of Beck’s doctrine. He shows how Beck's unique view is drastically different from that of his contemporaries and presents the relevance of Beck to contemporary debates about the proper interpretation of Kant’s notion of objectivity, the refutation of idealism and the role of the thing in itself in Kant’s transcendental idealism. In doing so, Nitzan presents a defense of Beck's radical perspective of Kant’s theory and claims that some of Kant’s negative responses to it may in fact be due more to the adversary academic environment at the time than to Kant’s true, well considered, opinion. Jacob Sigismund Beck’s Standpunctslehre challenges the two dominant schools in the interpretation of Kant’s transcendental idealism-the "two world" and the "two aspect" view. It presents a new way of understanding Kant’s transcendental idealism, according to which the thing in itself plays no positive role in relation to the possibility of experience. Moreover, it claims that eliminating the thing in itself as the ultimate object of knowledge is not to admit idealism but in fact is the only way to consistently uphold realism. In addition, the book also addresses the question why, assuming that the proposed interpretation is correct, Kant had chosen not to make his true intentions clear
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400752436
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p. 13 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 9
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Norms in technology
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Technology Philosophy ; Technik ; Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Technik ; Philosophie ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This book offers a fusion of philosophy and technology, delineating the normative landscape that informs today s technologies and tomorrow s inventions. It examines what is deemed to be the internal norms that govern the ever-expanding technical universe
    Abstract: This book is a distinctive fusion of philosophy and technology, delineating the normative landscape that informs today’s technologies and tomorrow’s inventions. The authors examine what we deem to be the internal norms that govern our ever-expanding technical universe. Recognizing that developments in technology and engineering literally create our human future, transforming existing knowledge into tomorrow’s tools and infrastructure, they chart the normative criteria we use to evaluate novel technological artifacts: how, for example, do we judge a ‘good’ from a ‘bad’ expert system or nuclear power plant? As well as these ‘functional’ norms, and the norms that guide technological knowledge and reasoning, the book examines commonly agreed benchmarks in safety and risk reduction, which play a pivotal role in engineering practice.Informed by the core insight that, in technology and engineering, factual knowledge relating, for example, to the properties of materials or the load-bearing characteristics of differing construction designs is not enough, this analysis follows the often unseen foundations upon which technologies rest-the norms that guide the creative forces shaping the technical landscape to come. The book, a comprehensive survey of these emerging topics in the philosophy of technology, clarifies the role these norms (epistemological, functional, and risk-assessing) play in technological innovation, and the consequences they have for our understanding of technological knowledge.
    Description / Table of Contents: Norms in Technology; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1 The Many Relations Between Norms and Technology; 2 Two Types of Instrumental Norms; 3 Norms, Risk and Safety; 3.1 The Illusion of Nonnormative Risk Assessment; 3.2 The Undesirability of Risks; 3.3 Prioritization Among Incomparable Risks; 3.4 Probability Weighing; 3.5 Safety Norms in Engineering Practice; 4 The Structure of the Book; Part I: Normativity in Technological Knowledge and Action; Chapter 2: Extending the Scope of the Theory of Knowledge; 1 Introduction; 2 Science and Engineering Knowledge; 3 Engineering Knowledge
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Exploring Types of Engineering Knowledge5 Will the Justified True Belief Account Work?; 6 Bearers of Knowledge: Beliefs, Actions and Other Categories; 7 Conclusion; Appendix : Edison's Patent; References; Chapter 3: Rules, Plans and the Normativity of Technological Knowledge; 1 Introduction; 2 Technological Rules and Norms; 3 Plans and Agents; 4 Normativity in Technological Knowledge; 5 Towards an Epistemology of Routines; 6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Beliefs, Acceptances and Technological Knowledge; 1 Introduction: Can Technological Knowledge Be a Matter of Beliefs Only?
    Description / Table of Contents: 2 Types of Acceptances3 Types of Technological Knowledge; 4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Policy Objectives and the Functions of Transport Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Background and Observations; 2.1 Swedish Transport Policy Objectives; 2.2 Conceptions of Objectives and Rationality; 3 Normative Implications and Lessons Learned; 3.1 Goals Are Subject to Evaluation and Updating; 3.2 There Is a Trade-Off Between Precision and Flexibility; 3.3 Different Kinds of Goals Require Different Approaches; 4 Philosophical Relevance; 4.1 Future Generations
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2 Standard of Measurement (Axiological Commensurability)4.3 Fairness; 5 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 6: Rational Goals in Engineering Design: The Venice Dams; 1 Introduction; 2 The Function of Engineering Goals; 3 Designing the MOSE System; 4 Precision; 5 Evaluability; 6 Approachability; 7 Consistency; 8 Concluding Remarks; References; Part II: Normativity and Artefact Norms; Chapter 7: Valuation of Artefacts and the Normativity of Technology; 1 Introduction; 2 Classifying Value Statements; 2.1 Quantitative Classification; 2.2 Classification in Terms of Value Standards
    Description / Table of Contents: 3 Categories of Technological Objects4 Functional Value Statements in Technology; 4.1 Function and Value: A First Approximation; 4.2 Four Types of Categories; 4.3 Asymmetries in the Use of Value Terms; 5 Norms; 6 Conclusion; Appendix: The Logic of Category-Specified Value; Categories and Their Elements; Subcategories; Value Predicates; Some Valid Inference Principles; References; Chapter 8: Artefactual Norms; 1 Introduction; 2 What's in a Norm?; 3 Artefact Use and Norms; 3.1 Compatibility; 3.2 Interference; 3.3 Quality; 4 Artefact Design and Norms; 4.1 Marketability; 4.2 Manufacturability
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.3 Transportability, Installability
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Introduction -- Part I. Normativity in Technological Knowledge and Action.-Chapter 1.  Extending the scope of technological knowledge: Anthonie W.M. Meijers and Peter Kroes -- Chapter 2. Rules, plans and the normativity of technological knowledge: Wybo Houkes -- Chapter 3. Beliefs, acceptances and technological knowledge: Marc J. de Vries and Anthonie W.M. Meijers -- Chapter 4. Policy objectives and the functions of transport systems: Holger Rosencrantz -- Chapter 5. Rational Goals in Engineering Design: The Venice Dams Case: Karin Edvardsson Björnberg -- Part 2. Normativity and Artefact Norms -- Chapter 6. Valuation of Artefacts and the Normativity of Technology: Sven Ove Hansson -- Chapter 7. Artifactual norms: Krist Vaesen -- Chapter 8. Instrumental Artifact Functions and Normativity: Jesse Hughes -- Chapter 9. The goodness and kindness of artefacts: Maarten Franssen -- Part 3. Normativity and Technological Risks -- Chapter 10. The Non-Reductivity of Normativity in Risks: Niklas Möller -- Chapter 11. Risk and Degrees of Rightness: Martin Peterson and Nicolas Espinoza -- Chapter 12. Naturalness, Artifacts, and Value: Per Sandin -- Chapter 13. Trust in Technological Systems: Philip J. Nickel -- Index.     ​.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789400755642 , 1283909006 , 9781283909006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 109 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Epistemology ; Economics ; Ethics ; Economic history ; Social sciences ; Genetic epistemology ; Economics ; Ethics ; Economics Methodology ; Social sciences Methodology ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Praktische Vernunft ; Theoretische Vernunft ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: Table of contents -- Summary -- Preface -- Chapter I: Introduction -- Chapter II: Nancy Cartwright, Capacities and Nomological Machines: The Role of Theoretical Reason in Science -- Chapter III: Sen’s Capability Approach: The Role of Practical Reason in Social Science -- Chapter IV: The Contributions of Aristotle’s Thought to the Capability Approach -- Chapter V: Socio-Economic Machines and Practical Models of Development: The Role of the Human Development Index -- Chapter VI: Conclusion: Theoretical and Practical Reason in Economics
    Abstract: The aim of the book is to argue for the restoration of theoretical and practical reason to economics. It presents Nancy Cartwright and Amartya Sen’s ideas as cases of this restoration and sees Aristotle as an influence on their thought. It looks at how we can use these ideas to develop a valuable understanding of practical reason for solving concrete problems in science and society. Cartwright’s capacities are real causes of events. Sen’s capabilities are the human person’s freedoms or possibilities. They relate these concepts to Aristotelian concepts. This suggests that these concepts can be combined. Sen’s capabilities are Cartwright’s capacities in the human realm; capabilities are real causes of events in economic life. Institutions allow us to deliberate on and guide our decisions about capabilities, through the use of practical reason. Institutions thus embody practical reason and infuse certain predictability into economic action. The book presents a case study: the UNDP’s HDI
    Description / Table of Contents: Theoreticaland PracticalReason in Economics; Preface; Contents; Summary; 1 Introduction; References; 2 Nancy Cartwright, Capacities and Nomological Machines: The Role of Theoretical Reason in Science; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Cartwright-Aristotle Connection; 2.2.1 The Connection; 2.2.2 The Ontology of Capacities; 2.2.3 The Epistemology of Capacities; 2.3 Cartwright's Skepticism About Capacities in the Social Realm; 2.3.1 Cartwright's Skepticism; 2.3.2 Julian Reiss's Interpretation and Proposal; 2.4 Socio-Economic Machines; 2.5 Conclusion; References
    Description / Table of Contents: 3 Sen's Capability Approach: The Role of Practical Reason in Social Science3.1 Introducing the Capability Approach; 3.2 Some Problems in Sen's CA; 3.2.1 Identification of Valuable Capabilities: The Debate Over Lists of Capabilities; 3.2.2 Heterogeneity and Incommensurability; References; 4 The Contributions of Aristotle's Thought to the Capability Approach; 4.1 Aristotle on Lists; 4.1.1 The Supposedly Aristotelian List; 4.1.2 The True Aristotelian List; 4.1.3 Back to Sen; 4.2 "Practical Comparability" as a Way of Overcoming Incommensurability14; 4.2.1 The Aristotelian Conception
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.1.1 Commensuration4.2.1.2 Comparison by Intensity or Degree of Quality; 4.2.1.3 Comparison by Priority; 4.2.2 Back to Sen; 4.3 Some Conclusions Regarding the Aristotelian Contribution to the CA; 4.4 Capabilities and Capacities; 4.5 Conclusion; References; 5 Chapter Socio: -Economic Machines and Practical Models of Development: The Role of the HDI; 5.1 Socio-Economic Machines; 5.2 The HDI4; 5.3 Some Problems with Index Numbers and the HDI; 5.4 Theoretical and Practical Reason in the HDI
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.5 Conclusion: The Role of the HDI for the Construction of a Normative Socio-Economic Machine of Human DevelopmentReferences; 6 Conclusion: Theoretical and Practical Reason in Economics; Reference
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400745995 , 128363385X , 9781283633857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 255 p. 102 illus., 12 illus. in color, digital)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 357
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Betz, Gregor Debate dynamics: how controversy improves our beliefs
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Artificial intelligence ; Argumentationstheorie ; Debatte
    Abstract: Is critical argumentation an effective way to overcome disagreement? And does the exchange of arguments bring opponents in a controversy closer to the truth? This study provides a new perspective on these pivotal questions. By means of multi-agent simulations, it investigates the truth and consensus-conduciveness of controversial debates. The book brings together research in formal epistemology and argumentation theory. Aside from its consequences for discursive practice, the work may have important implications for philosophy of science and the way we construe scientific rationality as well.
    Description / Table of Contents: Debate Dynamics: How Controversy Improves Our Beliefs; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: General Introduction; 1.1 The Aims of Argumentation; 1.2 An Example of a Controversial Argumentation; 1.3 Modeling Controversial Debate; 1.4 Results Pertaining to Consensus-Conduciveness; 1.5 Results Pertaining to Truth-Conduciveness; 1.6 Objections and Caveats; 1.7 Putting the Approach in Perspective; Chapter 2: An Introduction to the Theory of Dialectical Structures; 2.1 Fundamental Concepts; 2.2 Degrees of Justification; 2.3 The Space of Coherent Positions; 2.4 Normalized Closeness Centrality
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.5 Inferential Density2.6 The General Design of the Simulations; Part I: Why Do We Agree? On the Consensus-Conduciveness of Controversial Argumentation; Chapter 3: Introduction to Part I; 3.1 Outline of Part I; 3.2 Main Results and Their Justification; Chapter 4: The Consensual Dynamics of Simple Random Debates; 4.1 Setup; 4.2 Results; 4.3 Discussion; 4.4 Results, Continued; 4.5 Discussion, Continued; Chapter 5: The Consensual Dynamics of Random Debates with Explicit Background Knowledge; 5.1 Setup; 5.2 Results; 5.3 Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 6: Comparing the Consensual Dynamics of Four Proponent-Specific Argumentation Strategies in Dualistic Debates6.1 Setup; 6.2 Results; 6.3 Discussion; Chapter 7: The Consensual Dynamics of Argumentation Strategies in Many-Proponent Debates; 7.1 Setup; 7.2 Results; 7.3 Discussion; Chapter 8: The Consensual Dynamics of Debates with Core Updating; 8.1 Setup; 8.2 Results; 8.3 Discussion; Chapter 9: The Consensual Dynamics of Debates with Core Argumentation; 9.1 Setup; 9.2 Results; 9.3 Discussion; Part II: How Do We Know? On the Truth-Conduciveness of Controversial Argumentation
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 10: Introduction to Part II10.1 Outline of Part II; 10.2 Main Results and Their Justification; Chapter 11: The Veritistic Dynamics of Simple Random Debates; 11.1 Setup; 11.2 Results; 11.2.1 Truth's Attraction: How Rapidly Does the Proponents' Verisimilitude Increase?; 11.2.2 The Verisimilitude of Consensus Positions: Is Mutual Agreement a Good Indicator of Having Reached the Truth?; 11.2.3 The Verisimilitude of Stable Positions: Are Proponent Positions Which Remain Relatively Stable Closer to the Truth?; 11.3 Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 12: The Veritistic Dynamics of Random Debates with Explicit Background Knowledge12.1 Setup; 12.2 Results; 12.3 Discussion; Chapter 13: Comparing the Veritistic Dynamics of Four Proponent-Specific Argumentation Strategies in Dualistic Debates; 13.1 Setup; 13.2 Results; 13.3 Discussion; Chapter 14: The Veritistic Dynamics of Argumentation Strategies in Many-Proponent Debates; 14.1 Setup; 14.2 Results; 14.2.1 Truth's Attraction: How Rapidly Does the Proponents' Verisimilitude Increase?
    Description / Table of Contents: 14.2.2 The Verisimilitude of Consensus Positions: Is Mutual Agreement a Good Indicator of Having Reached the Truth?
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400751378
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 161 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 31
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Chemistry ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Chemistry ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic
    Abstract: This compelling reevaluation of the relationship between logic and knowledge affirms the key role that the notion of judgement must play in such a review. The commentary repatriates the concept of judgement in the discussion, banished in recent times by the logical positivism of Wittgenstein, Hilbert and Schlick, and the Platonism of Bolzano. The volume commences with the insights of Swedish philosopher Per Martin-Löf, the father of constructive type theory, for whom logic is a demonstrative science in which judgement is a settled feature of the landscape. His paper opens the first of four sections that examine, in turn, historical philosophical assessments of judgement and reason; their place in early modern philosophy; the notion of judgement and logical theory in Wolff, Kant and Neo-Kantians like Windelband; their development in the Husserlian phenomenological paradigm; and the work of Bolzano, Russell and Frege. The papers, whose authors include Per Martin-Löf, Göran Sundholm, Michael Della Rocca and Robin Rollinger, represent a finely judged editorial selection highlighting work on philosophers exercised by the question of whether or not an epistemic notion of judgement has a role to play in logic. The volume will be of profound interest to students and academicians for its application of historical developments in philosophy to the solution of vexatious contemporary issues in the foundation of logic. ​
    Description / Table of Contents: Judgement and the Epistemic Foundation of Logic; Preface; Contents; Introduction; Bibliography; Part I: Constructivism, Judgement and Reason; Chapter 1: Verificationism Then and Now; Chapter 2: Demonstrations Versus Proofs, Being an Afterword to Constructions, Proofs, and the Meaning of the Logical Constants; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Containment and Variation; Two Strands in the Development of Analyticity from Aristotle to Martin-Löf; Bibliography; Part II: Judgement and Reason in the Seventeenth Century; Chapter 4: Descartes' Theory of Judgement: Warranted Assertions, the Key to Science*
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Descartes' Debate with Scholastic Logic over the Foundations of Science2 The Rules for the Forming of True Judgements; 3 The Many Uses of the Concept of Judgement in Descartes' Mathesis; Bibliography; Chapter 5: Striving, Oomph, and Intelligibility in Spinoza; 1 Descartes and the Great Intelligibility Trade-Off; 2 Strengthening Intelligibility; 3 Weakening Intelligibility; Bibliography; I. Works by Descartes; II. Works by Spinoza; III. Works by Leibniz; IV. Works by Hume; V. Other Works; Part III: Kant, Neo-Kantianism, and Bolzano
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 6: The Role of Wolff's Analysis of Judgements in Kant's Inaugural Dissertation1 Wolff's Analysis of Judgements; 2 Meier's Notion of Condition; 3 The Strategy of Kant's Dissertation; 4 Three Classes of Subreption; Bibliography; Chapter 7: Windelband on Beurteilung; 1 Windelband's Definition of Judgement; 2 Windelband's Three-Step Argument; 3 Judgeable Content; 4 Assessing Under Assumption of Epistemic Values; 5 The Nature of Epistemic Assessment; Bibliography; I. Primary; II. Secondary; Chapter 8: A Priori Knowledge in Bolzano, Conceptual Truths, and Judgements
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Apriori in Bolzano1.1 Concepts and Conceptual Truths; 1.2 Conceptual Truths and Judgements A Priori; 1.2.1 Conceptual Truths and Analytic Truths; 1.2.2 Empirical Analytic Truths; 1.2.3 Synthetic Conceptual Truths; 1.3 How Are Synthetic Judgements A Priori Possible?; 2 Understanding (C1): Bolzano's Epistemology; 2.1 Judgements and Subjective Representations; 2.2 Bolzano's Analysis of the Concept of Knowledge; 2.2.1 Confidence; 2.2.2 How Much Confidence?; 3 Understanding (C2): Knowing a Concept; 3.1 The Correspondence Assumption; 3.2 Having a Representation, Clarity, and Distinctness
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Definitions, Proofs, and Synthetic Truths4.1 Knowledge and Proof; 4.2 Two Remaining Problems; 4.3 The Case of Fundamental Truths; 5 Conclusion; Bibliography; Part IV: Husserl, Frege and Russell; Chapter 9: Immanent and Real States of Affairs in Husserl's Early Theory of Judgement: Reflections on Manuscripts from 1893/1894 and Their Background in the Logic of Brentano and Stumpf; 1 Introduction; 2 Brentano and Stumpf on Contents of Judgement; 2.1 Brentano; 2.2 Stumpf; 2.3 Excursus: Other Students of Brentano; 3 Husserl's Theory of Judgement (1893/1894)
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.1 Psychological Studies in Elementary Logic
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Part 1. Constructivism, Judgement, and Reason -- Chapter 1. Verificationism then and now: Per Martin-Löf -- Chapter 2. Demonstrations versus Proofs, being an afterword to 'Constructions, Proofs and the meaning of Logical Constants': Göran Sundholm -- Chapter 3. Containment and Variation: Two Strands in the Development of Analyticity from Aristotle to Martin-Löf: Göran Sundholm -- Part 2. Judgement and Reason in the Seventeenth Century -- Chapter 4. Decartes' Theory of Judgement: Warranted Assertions, the Key to Science: Elodie Cassan -- Chapter 5. Striving, Oomph, and Intelligibility in Spinoza: Michael Della Rocca -- Part 3. Kant, Neo-Kantianism, and Bolzano -- Chapter 6. The Role of Wolff's Analysis of Judgments in Kant's Inaugural Dissertation: Johan Blok -- Chapter 7. Windelband on 'Beurteilung’: Arnaud Dewalque -- Chapter 8. A Priori Knowledge in Bolzano; Conceptual Truths and Judgements: Stefan Roski -- Part 4. Husserl, Frege and Russell -- Chapter 9. Immanent and Real States of Affairs in Husserl's Early Theory of Judgement: Robin Rollinger -- Chapter 10. Frege and Russell on Assertion: Jeremy Kelly.​.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789400761100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 270 p. 4 illus., 3 illus. in color, digital)
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 107
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Coherence: insights from philosophy, jurisprudence and artificial intelligence
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Computers Law and legislation ; Law ; Law ; Genetic epistemology ; Computers Law and legislation ; Law ; Philosophy ; Sense of coherence ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kohärenz ; Rechtsphilosophie
    Abstract: This book is a thorough treatise concerned with coherence and its significance in legal reasoning. The individual chapters present the topic from the general philosophical perspective, the perspective of legal-theory as well as the viewpoint of cognitive sciences and the research on artificial intelligence and law. As it has turned out the interchange of knowledge among these disciplines is very fruitful for each of them, providing mutual inspiration and increasing understanding of a given topic. This book is a unique resource for anyone interested in the concept of coherence and the role it plays in reasoning. As this book captures important contemporary issues concerning the ongoing discussion on coherence and law, those interested in legal reasoning should find it particularly helpful. By presenting such a broad scope of views and methods on approaching the issue of coherence we hope to promote the general interest in the topic as well as the academic research that centers around coherence and law.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Three Kinds of Coherentism; Jaap Hage -- Coherence and Reliability in Judicial Reasoning; Stefan Schubert and Erik J. Olsson -- Coherence and Probability: A Probabilistic Account of Coherence; William Roche -- Coherence: An Outline in Six Metaphors and Four Rules; Juan Manuel Peréz Bermejo -- Legal Interpretation and Coherence; Bartosz Brożek -- Normative Inconsistency and Logical Theories. A First Critique of Defeasibilism; Giovanni Battista Ratti -- The Third Theory of Legal Objectivity; Aldo Schiavello -- Pattern Languages & Institutional Facts.Functions and Coherences in the Law; Kenneth Ehrenberg -- Consistency and Coherence in the “Hypertext” of Law. A Textological Approach; Wojciech Cyrul -- Case Classification, Similarities, Spaces of Reasons, and Coherences; Marcello Guarini -- Coherence as Constraint Satisfaction: Judicial Reasoning Support Mechanism; Jaromír Šavelka -- Limits of Constraint Satisfaction Theory of Coherence as a Theory of (Legal) Reasoning; Michał Araszkiewicz -- Ten Theses on Coherence in Law; Amalia Amaya.  Introduction -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Three Kinds of Coherentism; Jaap Hage -- Coherence and Reliability in Judicial Reasoning; Stefan Schubert and Erik J. Olsson -- Coherence and Probability: A Probabilistic Account of Coherence; William Roche -- Coherence: An Outline in Six Metaphors and Four Rules; Juan Manuel Peréz Bermejo -- Legal Interpretation and Coherence; Bartosz Brożek -- Normative Inconsistency and Logical Theories. A First Critique of Defeasibilism; Giovanni Battista Ratti -- The Third Theory of Legal Objectivity; Aldo Schiavello -- Pattern Languages & Institutional Facts.Functions and Coherences in the Law; Kenneth Ehrenberg -- Consistency and Coherence in the “Hypertext” of Law. A Textological Approach; Wojciech Cyrul -- Case Classification, Similarities, Spaces of Reasons, and Coherences; Marcello Guarini -- Coherence as Constraint Satisfaction: Judicial Reasoning Support Mechanism; Jaromír Šavelka -- Limits of Constraint Satisfaction Theory of Coherence as a Theory of (Legal) Reasoning; Michał Araszkiewicz -- Ten Theses on Coherence in Law; Amalia Amaya.  .
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400753570 , 1283936097 , 9781283936095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 215 p. 23 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 362
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Bayesian argumentation
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer simulation ; Applied linguistics ; Social sciences Methodology ; Applied psychology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Computer simulation ; Applied linguistics ; Social sciences Methodology ; Applied psychology ; Reasoning (Psychology) ; Congresses ; Logic ; Congresses ; Thought and thinking ; Congresses ; Probabilities ; Congresses ; Bayesian statistical decision theory ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift ; Argumentationstheorie ; Bayes-Entscheidungstheorie
    Abstract: Relevant to, and drawing from, a range of disciplines, the chapters in this collection show the diversity, and applicability, of research in Bayesian argumentation. Together, they form a challenge to philosophers versed in both the use and criticism of Bayesian models who have largely overlooked their potential in argumentation. Selected from contributions to a multidisciplinary workshop on the topic held in Lund, Sweden, in autumn 2010, the authors count legal scholars and cognitive scientists among their number, in addition to philosophers. They analyze material that includes real-life court cases, experimental research results, and the insights gained from computer models.The volume provides a formal measure of subjective argument strength and argument force, robust enough to allow advocates of opposing sides of an argument to agree on the relative strengths of their supporting reasoning. With papers from leading figures such as Mike Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn, the book comprises recent research conducted at the frontiers of Bayesian argumentation and provides a multitude of examples in which these formal tools can be applied to informal argument. It signals new and impending developments in philosophy, which has seen Bayesian models deployed in formal epistemology and philosophy of science, but has yet to explore the full potential of Bayesian models as a framework in argumentation. In doing so, this revealing anthology looks destined to become a standard teaching text in years to come.
    Description / Table of Contents: Bayesian Argumentation; Foreword; Contents; Bayesian Argumentation: The Practical Side of Probability; 1 Introduction; 2 The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; 3 Chapter Overview; 3.1 The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; 3.2 The Legal Domain; 3.3 Modeling Rational Agents; 3.4 Theoretical Issues; References; Part I: The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation; Testimony and Argument: A Bayesian Perspective; 1 Introduction; 2 Testimony, Argumentation and the `Third Way´; 3 Some Problems for MAXMIN; 4 A Bayesian Perspective; 5 Message Content and Message Source: Exploring Norms and Intuitions
    Description / Table of Contents: 6 Rehousing Argumentation Schemes Within a Bayesian Framework7 Concluding Remarks; References; Why Are We Convinced by the Ad Hominem Argument?: Bayesian Source Reliability and Pragma-Dialectical Discussion Rules; 1 Types of the Argumentum Ad Hominem; 2 The Pragma-Dialectical Approach; 3 The Bayesian Approach; 4 An Experiment on the Argument Ad Hominem; 5 Method; 6 Results and Discussion; 7 Conclusion; Appendix: Experimental Materials; Abusive; Circumstantial; Tu Quoque; Control; References; 1 Introduction; 2 Survey of Relevant Uncertainties; Part II: The Legal Domain
    Description / Table of Contents: A Survey of Uncertainties and Their Consequences in Probabilistic Legal Argumentation2.1 The Example Case; 2.2 Factual Uncertainty; 2.3 Normative Uncertainty; 2.4 Moral Uncertainty; 2.5 Empirical Uncertainty; 2.6 Interdependencies; 3 Desirable Attributes for a Probabilistic Argument Model to Assist Litigation Planning; 3.1 Assessment of Utilities; 3.2 Easy Knowledge Engineering; 3.3 Conflict Resolution and Argument Weights; 4 Sample Assessment of Graphical Models; 4.1 A Graphical Structure of the Analysis; 4.2 Casting the Example into a Graphical Model; 4.3 Generic Bayesian Networks
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 Carneades5.1 A Brief Introduction to the Carneades Model; 5.2 Carneades Bayesian Networks; 5.3 Carneades Bayesian Networks with Probabilistic Assumptions; 5.4 Introduction to Argument Weights; 6 Extension of Carneades to Support Probabilistic Argument Weights; 7 Desiderata for Future Developments; 7.1 Weights Subject to Argumentation; 7.2 Inform Weights from Values; 8 Conclusions and Future Work; References; Was It Wrong to Use Statistics in R v Clark? A Case Study of the Use of Statistical Evidence in Criminal Courts; 1 Introduction; 2 Factual Background; 3 Existing Explanations
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.1 The Flaws in Meadow´s Calculation3.2 The Psychological Effect of the Statistical Evidence; 3.3 The Prosecutor´s Fallacy; 3.4 Bayes´ Theorem; 3.5 The Insignificance of the SIDS Statistics; 4 The Contrastive Explanation; 5 Conclusion; References; Part III: Modeling Rational Agents; A Bayesian Simulation Model of Group Deliberation and Polarization; 1 Introduction; 2 The Laputa Simulation Framework; 3 The Underlying Bayesian Model; 4 Interpreting Laputa; 5 Do Bayesian Inquirers Polarize?; 6 Conclusion and Discussion; Appendix; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Degrees of Justification, Bayes´ Rule, and Rationality
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Frank Zenker.​- Part 1 -- The Bayesian Approach to Argumentation -- Chapter 1. Testimony and Argument: A Bayesian Perspective: Ulrike Hahn, Mike Oaksford and Adam J.L. Harris -- Chapter 2. Why are we convinced by the Ad Hominem Argument?: Source Reliability or Pragma-Dialectics: Mike Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn.- Part 2. The Legal Domain.-Chapter 3. A survey of uncertainties and their consequences in Probabilistic Legal Argumentation: Matthias Grabmair and Kevin D. Ashley -- Chapter 4. What went wrong in the case of Sally Clark? A case-study of the use of Statistical Evidence in Court: Amid Pundik -- Part 3. Modeling Rational Agents -- Chapter 5. A Bayesian Simulation Model of Group Deliberation: Erik J. Olsson -- Chapter 6. Degrees of Justification, Bayes' Rule, and Rationality: Gregor Betz -- Chapter 7. Argumentation with (Bounded) Rational Agents: Robert van Rooij and Kris de Jaeghery -- Part 4. Theoretical Issues -- Chapter 8. Reductio, Coherence, and the Myth of Epistemic Circularity: Tomoji Shogenji -- Chapter 9. On Argument Strength: Niki Pfeiffer -- Chapter 10 -- Upping the Stakes and the Preface Paradox: Jonny Blamey -- References.​.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789400754287 , 1283634449 , 9781283634441
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 94 p. 4 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Entscheidung ; Vernunft ; Neurowissenschaften
    Abstract: This book carries out an epistemological analysis of the decision, including a critical analysis through the continuous reference to an interdisciplinary approach including a synthesis of philosophical approaches, biology and neuroscience. Besides this it represents the analysis of causality here seen not from the formal point of view, but from the 'embodied' point of view. ?
    Abstract: This book carries out an epistemological analysis of the decision, including a critical analysis through the continuous reference to an interdisciplinary approach including a synthesis of philosophical approaches, biology and neuroscience. Besides this it represents the analysis of causality here seen not from the formal point of view, but from the "embodied" point of view
    Description / Table of Contents: Epistemology of Decision; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Introduction; Rationality and NeuroeconomicsPart I; 1 Rationality and Experimental Economics; 1.1 The Theory of Rational Choice; 1.2 Game Theory; 1.3 Teleology, Instrumentalism and Interpretivism; 1.4 Experimental Economics; 1.5 Criticism of Experimental Economics; References; 2 Neuroeconomics; 2.1 Neuroeconomics and Causality; 2.2 Game Theory and Neuroscience; 2.3 The Role of Social Cognition; 2.4 Empathy Basic and Empathy Re-Enactive; 2.5 Doubts, Feasibility and Future of Neuroeconomics; References
    Description / Table of Contents: The Biological ApproachesPart II3 Evolutionary Economics and Biological Complexity; 3.1 Biology and the Economy; 3.2 Economic Progress and Evolutionism; 3.3 The Computational Methods and the Engineering Approach; 3.4 Complexity; References;
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400760677
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 273 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 106
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Neutrality and theory of law
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of law ; Criminology ; Law ; Law ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of law ; Criminology ; Criminology ; Genetic epistemology ; Law ; Philosophy of law ; Law ; Philosophy ; Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2010 ; Rechtswissenschaft ; Rechtstheorie ; Rechtspositivismus ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Kriminologie
    Abstract: This book brings together twelve of the most important legal philosophers in the Anglo-American and Civil Law traditions. The book is a collection of the papers these philosophers presented at the Conference on Neutrality and Theory of Law, held at the University of Girona, in May 2010. The central question that the conference and this collection seek to answer is: Can a theory of law be neutral? The book covers most of the main jurisprudential debates. It presents an overall discussion of the connection between law and morals, and the possibility of determining the content of law without appealing to any normative argument. It examines the type of project currently being held by jurisprudential scholarship. It studies the different approaches to theorizing about the nature or concept of law, the role of conceptual analysis and the essential features of law. Moreover, it sheds some light on what can be learned from studying the non-essential features of law. Finally, it analyzes the nature of legal statements and their truth values. This book takes the reader a step further to understanding law
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- The Province of Jurisprudence Underdetermined; Juan Carlos Bayón -- Necessity, Importance, and the Nature of Law; Frederick Schauer -- Ideals, Practices, and Concepts in Legal Theory; Brian Bix -- Alexy Between Positivism and non-Positivism; Eugenio Bulygin -- The Architecture of Jurisprudence ; Jules Coleman -- Norms, Truth and Legal Statements; Jorge Rodríguez -- Juristenrecht. Inventing Rights, Obligations, and Powers; Riccardo Guastini -- The Demarcation Problem in Jurisprudence: A New Case for Skepticism; Brian Leiter -- Normative Legal Positivism, Neutrality, and the Rule of Law; Bruno Celano -- On the Neutrality of Charter Reasoning; Wilfrid Waluchow -- Between Positivism and Non-Positivism? A Third Reply to Eugenio Bulygin; Robert Alexy -- The Scientific Model of Jurisprudence; Dan Priel -- Jurisprudential Methodology: Is Pure Interpretation Possible?; Kevin Walton.    ​.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319026480
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 154 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Crespo, Ricardo F. Philosophy of the economy
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Wirtschaftsethik ; Kommunitarismus ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Economics Methodology ; Ethics ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Political science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Aristotelismus ; Wirtschaftsphilosophie ; Aristotelismus
    Abstract: This book develops a philosophical analysis of economic reality and economic science from an Aristotelian point of view. It is the result of many years of thinking and philosophical study about these topics. It differs from other philosophy of economics books as it also deals with economic reality (not only the science) and approaches its subject from an Aristotelian perspective. It differs from other Aristotelian studies about economics as it covers the whole of philosophy of the economy. This book argues why Aristotles thinking guarantees an appropriate interdisciplinary synthesis.
    Abstract: This book develops a philosophical analysis of economic reality and economic science from an Aristotelian point of view. It is the result of many years of thinking and philosophical study about these topics. It differs from other philosophy of economics books as it also deals with economic reality (not only the science) and approaches its subject from an Aristotelian perspective. It differs from other Aristotelian studies about economics as it covers the whole of philosophy of the economy. This book argues why Aristotle’s thinking guarantees an appropriate interdisciplinary synthesis
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of ContentsAnalytical Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments.- I. Introduction: Why a Philosophy of the Economy and Why an Aristotelian Approach? -- Part 1: “The Economic” and its Science: A Philosophical Approach -- II. “The Economic” -- III. Economic Science -- IV. Characteristics and Methods of Economic Science -- V. Economics and Ethics -- VI. Models and Measurements -- VII. Ideas on Economic Science and its Method over the Past Sixty Years -- Phase I:  Traditional Orthodoxy -- Phase II: “Mainstream Pluralism” -- Part 2: Economic Activity -- VIII. Economic Activities -- IX. Human Labor -- X. Capital and the Entrepreneurial Factor -- XI. Global Crises and Globalization -- XII. Concluding Remarks.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789400760134
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 151 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 45
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T.
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer simulation ; Consciousness ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer simulation ; Consciousness
    Abstract: As is well known, cognition is not only a self-organising process. It is also a co-operative and coupled process. If we consider the external environment as a complex, multiple and stratified Source which interacts with the nervous system, we can easily realise that the cognitive activities devoted to the "intelligent" search for the depth information living in the Source, may determine the very change of the complexity conditions according to which the Source progressively expresses its "wild" action. In this sense, simulation models are not neutral or purely speculative: the true cognition actually appears to be necessarily connected with successful forms of reading, those forms, in particular, that permit a specific coherent unfolding of the deep information content of the Source. Therefore, the simulation models, if valid, materialise as "creative" channels, i.e., as autonomous functional systems, as the very roots of a new possible development of the entire system represented by mind and its Reality
    Abstract: As is well known, cognition is not only a self-organising process. It is also a co-operative and coupled process. If we consider the external environment as a complex, multiple and stratified Source which interacts with the nervous system, we can easily realise that the cognitive activities devoted to the "intelligent" search for the depth information living in the Source, may determine the very change of the complexity conditions according to which the Source progressively expresses its "wild" action. In this sense, simulation models are not neutral or purely speculative: the true cognition actually appears to be necessarily connected with successful forms of reading, those forms, in particular, that permit a specific coherent unfolding of the deep information content of the Source. Therefore, the simulation models, if valid, materialise as "creative" channels, i.e., as autonomous functional systems, as the very roots of a new possible development of the entire system represented by mind and its Reality
    Description / Table of Contents: Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Complexity, Self-Organization and Natural Evolution; 1.1 Entropy and the "Intermediate State"; 1.2 Algorithmic Complexity and Self-Referentiality; 1.3 Cellular Automata and Self-Organization; Notes; Chapter 2: Embodiment Processes and Biological Computing; 2.1 The Game of Life and the Alternative Splicing; 2.2 The Interface Between Ruler and Coder; 2.3 The Recipe at Work: The Role of the Simulation Tools at the Evolutionary Level; 2.4 Reflexive Domains vs. Self-Organizing Domains; Notes
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 3: Randomness, Semantic Information and Limitation Procedures3.1 Logic and Probability: The Role of Constituents; 3.2 Semantic Information and Algorithmic Complexity; 3.3 Surface Information vs. Depth Information: The Biological Computer; 3.4 Non-standard Models and Limitation Procedures; Notes; Chapter 4: Natural Language and Boolean Semantics: the Genesis of the Cognitive Code; 4.1 Intensional Language and Natural Logic; 4.2 Logic and Ontology; 4.3 Meaning as Use and the Unfolding of Cognitive Activity; Notes; Chapter 5: Morphogenesis and the Emergence of Meaning
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.1 Eigenforms, Categorial Intuitions and Rational Perception5.2 Meaning Clarification and the "Thinking I"; 5.3 Knowledge and Reality: The Role of Conceptual Constructions; Notes; Bibliography; Name Index; Subject Index
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9783319013060
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 510 p. 24 illus., 4 illus. in color, online resource)
    Series Statement: The European Philosophy of Science Association Proceedings 2
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. European Philosophy of Science Association EPSA11 perspectives and foundational problems in philosophy of science
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: This book contains a selection of original conference papers covering all major fields in the philosophy of science, that have been organized into themes. The first section of this volume begins with the formal philosophy of science, moves on to idealization, representation and explanation and then finishes with realism, anti-realism and special science laws. The second section covers the philosophy of the physical sciences, looking at quantum mechanics, spontaneous symmetry breaking, the philosophy of space and time, linking physics and metaphysics and the philosophy of chemistry. Further themed sections cover the philosophies of the life sciences, the cognitive sciences and the social sciences. Readers will find that this volume provides an excellent overview of the state of the art in the philosophy of science, as practiced in different European countries
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Introduction; Part I: Philosophy of Science: Formal Philosophy of Science; Evidence, Argument and Prediction; 1 The Context and the Problem; 2 The Argument Theory of Evidence; 2.1; 2.2 Some Objections and Answers; 2.3 An Alternative Account of Objective Evidence and Why I Do Not Adopt It; 3 What Makes RCTs Evidence for Effectiveness?; 4 Conclusion; References; Models, Simulations, and Analogical Inference; 1 Models as Representations; 2 Inferences About the Target; 3 Analogy and Similarity Models; 4 Successful Models and Realism; References
    Description / Table of Contents: Intuitionistic Semantics for Fitch's Paradox1 Strong Negation and Fitch's Proof; 2 The Shortcomings of this Solution; 3 A Dilemma for the Intuitionist; 4 Weak Negation and Beth Condition for Existential Quantification; 5 Formal Account; 6 Conclusion; References; Correlation and Truth; 1 Introduction; 2 The Role of Correlation in Bayesian Epistemology; 2.1 Correlation Measures; 2.2 Correlation and Confirmation; 2.3 Correlation and Coherence; 2.4 Correlation and Explanatory Power; 3 Correlation and Truth; 3.1 Correlation, Confirmation, and Truth; 3.2 Correlation, Coherence, and Truth
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3 Correlation, Explanatory Power, and Truth4 Conclusions; References; The Limits of Probabilism; 1 Introduction; 2 The Argument from Conventions; 2.1 Abstract Scientific Theories Contain Conventions; 2.2 No Probabilities for Conventions; 2.3 Criticizing the Conventional-Empirical Distinction; 2.4 Bringing Together the Argument; 3 Conclusion; References; Part II: Philosophy of Science: Idealization, Representation and Explanation; How Organization Explains; 1 Introduction; 2 A Toolbox for Understanding Mechanistic Explanation; 3 Constitutive Explanation and Manipulation
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Organizational Dependence as Non-Aggregativity5 Dimensions of Organizational Dependence; 6 The Organization of Segregation; 7 Network Motifs in Gene Regulation Networks; 8 Conclusions; References; Mechanistic Explanation: Asymmetry Lost; 1 Introduction; 2 Explanatory Asymmetry Lost?; 3 Explanatory Asymmetry Saved?; 4 The Metaphysics of Mechanisms; 5 Individuating Mechanism Boundaries; 6 Conclusion; References; Deflationism on Scientific Representation; 1 The Deflationary View; 2 Analyzing Deflationism; 3 Criticizing Deflationism; References; Idealization in Physics Modeling; 1 Introduction
    Description / Table of Contents: 2 Isolation and Stabilization3 Decomposition; 4 Conclusion; References; Explanatory Models Versus Predictive Models: Reduced Complexity Modeling in Geomorphology; 1 Introduction; 2 Reduced Complexity Models: "Reductionism" Versus "Synthesism"; 3 Case #1: The MP Model Explanation of Braided Rivers; 4 Case #2: The Model-Explanation of Rip Currents; 5 Conclusion: Some Philosophical Lessons from Geomorphology; References; Part III: Philosophy of Science: Realism, Anti-realism and Special Science Laws; The Ultimate Argument Against Convergent Realism and Structural Realism: The Impasse Objection
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Targets of the Impasse Objection
    Description / Table of Contents: Philosophy of ScienceFormal Philosophy of Science --  1. Nancy Cartwright: Evidence, Argument and Prediction (Plenary Lecture) --  2. Ilkka Niiniluoto: Models, Simulations, and Analogical Inference --  3. Doukas Kapantaïs: Intuitionistic Semantics for Fitch’s Paradox --  4. Peter Brössel: Correlation and Truth --   5. Wolfgang Pietsch: The Limits of Probabilism -- Idealization, Representation and Explanation --  6. Jaakko Kuorikoski and Petri Ylikoski: How Organization Explains --  7. Samuel Schindler: Mechanistic Explanation: Asymmetry Lost --   8. Chuang Liu: Deflationism on Scientific Representation --  9. Demetris Portides: Idealization in Physics Modeling --  10. Alisa Bokulich: Explanatory Models vs. Predictive Models: Reduced Complexity Modeling in Geomorphology -- Realism, Anti-realism and Special Science Laws --  11. Paul Hoyningen-Huene: The Ultimate Argument against Convergent Realism and Structural Realism: The Impasse Objection --  12. Simon Fitzpatrick: Doing Away with the No Miracles Argument --  13. Alberto Cordero: Theory-Parts for Scientific Realists --  14. Samuli Pöyhönen: Natural Kinds and Concept Eliminativism --  15. Andreas Hüttemann and Alexander Reutlinger: Against the Statistical Account of Special Science Laws -- Philosophy of the Physical Sciences -- Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics --  16. Richard Healey: How to Use Quantum Theory Locally to Explain EPR-Bell Correlations --  17. Juan Sebastián Ardenghi, Olimpia Lombardi and Martín Narvaja: Modal Interpretations and Consecutive Measurements --  18. Foad Dizadji-Bahmani: Why I am not an Everettian --  19. Nazim Bouatta and Jeremy Butterfield: The Emergence of Integrability in Gauge Theories -- Perspectives on Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking --  20. Arianna Borrelli and Michael Stöltzner: Model Landscapes in the Higgs Sector --  21. Koray Karaca: Practical Unification of Solid-State and Particle Physics in the Construction of the Higgs Mechanism -- Philosophy of Space and Time --  22. Svend Rugh and Henrik Zinkernagel: A Critical Note on Time in the Multiverse --  23. Daniel Wohlfarth: A New View of “Fundamentality” for Time Asymmetries in Modern Physics -- From Physics to Metaphysics --  24. Mauro Dorato: How to Combine and not to Combine Physics and Metaphysics --   25. Kerry Mckenzie: How (Not) to be a Humean Structuralist -- Philosophy of Chemistry --  26. Paul Needham: What Does Hydrogen Bonding Say About the Nature of the Chemical Bond? --  27. Robin Hendry: The Metaphysics of Molecular Structure -- Philosophy of the Life Sciences --  28. Christopher Pearson: Description, Explanation and Explanatory Depth in Developmental Biology --  29. Bettina Schmietow and Lorenzo Del Savio: Synthetic Genomics and the Causal Role of Genes: What Has Been Shown and Why It Matters -- Biological Knowledge and Structural Realism --  30. Steven French: Eschewing Entities: Outlining a Biology Based Form of Structural Realism --  31. Holger Lyre: Must Structural Realism Cover the Special Sciences? -- Philosophy of the Cognitive Sciences --  32. Lilia Gurova: Principles vs. Mechanisms in Cognitive Science --   33. Víctor Verdejo: Computationalism, Connectionism, Dynamicism and Beyond: Looking for an Integrated Approach to Cognitive Science --   34. Lieven Decock and Igor Douven: Qualia Change and Colour Science --  35. Panagiotis Oulis: Explanatory Coherence, Partial Truth and Diagnostic Validity in Psychiatry -- Philosophy of the Social Sciences --  36. Uskali Mäki: Performativity: Saving Austin from Mackenzie --   37. Lisa Osbeck and Nancy Nersessian: Beyond Motivation and Metaphor: ‘Scientific Passions’ and Anthropomorphism --  38. Maria Cristina Amoretti and Nicla Vassallo: A Way of Saving Normative Epistemology? Scientific Knowledge Without Standpoint Theories --  39. Matthew J. Brown: The Democratic Control of the Scientific Control of Politics --  40. Alejandro Rosas: Harm, Reciprocity and the Moral Domain.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Science + Business Media, Inc
    ISBN: 9781402026027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 143 p, online resource)
    Edition: 1
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Education 12
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Poststructuralism, philosophy, pedagogy
    RVK:
    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Education ; Educational sociology. ; Education—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Education Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Poststrukturalismus ; Pädagogik ; Erziehungsphilosophie ; Erziehungsphilosophie ; Poststrukturalismus
    Abstract: French Philosophy and Education: World War II - 19681 -- Education After Deconstruction -- Lyotard, Marxism and Education: The Problem of Knowledge Capitalism1 -- The School as the Microscope of Conduction: Doing Foucauldian Research in Education1 -- Gilles Deleuze and the Space of Education: Poststructuralism, Critical Psychology, and Schooled Bodies1 -- Lacan, Representation, and Subjectivity: Some Implications for Education -- Julia Kristeva’s ‘Mystery’ of the Subject in Process -- Erratum to: The School as the Microscope of Conduct: Doing Foucauldian Research in Education.
    Abstract: This book has been quite long in the making. In its original format, but with some different chapters, and with the then publisher, it foundered (as did other volumes in the planned series). At the in press stage, when we obviously thought it was going ahead, it was suddenly canned. Quite distraught I closed it away in a desk drawer for a year or so. But then Joy Carp of Kluwer Academic Publishers expressed an interest in it, and we were in business again. Most of the contributors to the original volume have stayed with it, only to be delayed by myself, for a variety of reasons (but see the dedication). I had been writing on Michel Foucault for a number of years but had become concerned about mis-appropriations of his ideas and works in educational literature. I was also concerned about the increasingly intemperate babble in that literature of the notion of postmodernism. Indeed at one major educational conference in North America I listened to a person expounding postmodernism in terms of ‘Destroy, Destroy, Destroy’. Like Michel Foucault I am not quite sure what postmodernism is, but following Mark Poster’s account of poststructuralism - as merely a collective term to catch a number of French thinkers – I thought that what we had to do in education was to look at what particular thinkers had said, and not become involved in vapid discussion at an abstract level on ‘-isms’. Thus the book was conceived.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , French Philosophy and Education: World War II-1968 , Education after Deconstruction , Lyotard, Marxism and Education: The Problem of Knowledge Capitalism , The School as the Microscope of Conduction: Doing Foucauldian Research in Education , Gilles Deleuze and the Space of Education: Poststructuralism, Critical Psychology, and Schooled Bodies , Lacan, Representation, and Subjectivity: Some Implications for Education , Julia Kristeva's "Mystery" of the Subject in Process
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402065965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Khine, Myint Swe Knowing, knowledge and beliefs
    DDC: 153
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Education Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Applied psychology ; Psychology ; Pädagogische Psychologie ; Völkerpsychologie ; Wissenspsychologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Knowledge, Theory of ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Pädagogische Psychologie ; Ethnopsychologie ; Wissenspsychologie
    URL: Cover
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402056222
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 227 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Demographic Methods and Population Analysis 18
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Courgeau, Daniel Multilevel synthesis
    DDC: 304.6
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Statistics ; Social sciences Methodology ; Demography ; Social Sciences ; Demographie ; Statistisches Modell
    URL: Cover
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  • 78
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402054648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 240 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A 40
    Series Statement: ProQuest Ebook Central
    Series Statement: Theory and decision library / A
    DDC: 10
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Information systems ; Philosophy ; Communication ; Methodology ; Content analysis (Communication) ; Data processing ; Electronic books
    URL: Cover
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402028922
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 233 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Phenomenology . ; Cognitive psychology. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Neuropsychology. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness
    Abstract: Situational Understanding: A Gurwitschian Critique of Theory of Mind -- Vertical Context after Gurwitsch -- Schizophrenia: A Disturbance of the Thematic Field -- Intentionality, Consciousness, and Intentional Relations: From Phenomenology to Cognitive Science -- The Experience of the Present Moment -- Field Theories of Mind and Brain -- The Marginal Body -- Experimental Evidence for Three Dimensions of Attention -- The Structure of Context and Context Awareness -- The Field of Consciousness as a Living System: Toward a Naturalized Phenomenology of Cognition -- The Three Species of Relevancy in Gurwitsch -- Kinds of Knowledge: Phenomenology and the Sciences.
    Abstract: When I heard the rumor that the findings about the central nervous system obtained with new technology, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), were too subtle to correlate with the crude results of many decades of behavioristic psychology, and that some psychologists were now turning to descriptions of subjective phenomena in William James, Edmund Husserl, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty—and even in Buddhism—I asked myself, “Why not Aron Gurwitsch as well?” After all, my teacher regularly reflected on the types, basic concepts, and methods of psychology, worked with Adhémar Gelb and Kurt Goldstein in the institute investigating brain-injured veterans at Frankfurt in the 1920s, conspicuously employed Gestalt theory to revise central Husserlian doctrines, and taught Merleau-Ponty a thing or two. That the last book from his Nachlass had recently been published and that I had recently written an essay on his theory of 1 psychology no doubt helped crystallize this project for me. What is “cognitive science”? At one point in assembling this volume I polled the participants, asking whether they preferred “the cognitive sciences” or “cognitive science. ” Most who answered preferred the latter expression. There is still some vagueness here for me, but I do suspect that cognitive science is 2 another example of what I call a “multidiscipline. ” A multidiscipline includes participants who confront a set of issues that is best approached under more than one disciplinary perspective.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
    ISBN: 9781402027109
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 161 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Education 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Education. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Education—Philosophy. ; Education ; Education Philosophy
    Abstract: Some New York Philosophers -- Nelson Goodman at Penn -- Francis Keppel and the Harvard School of Education -- Some Education Colleagues -- Some London Philosophers -- Some Harvard Philosophers -- Turbulence in the 60's -- Chicago and Jerusalem Colleagues -- The Scholar and the Analyst -- Center for Advanced Study -- Some Invited Lectures -- Education Projects -- Philosophy of Education Research Center.
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  • 81
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402021961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 359 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Induction and Deduction in the Philosophy of Science: a Critical Account since the Methodenstreit -- Historicizing Deduction: Scientific Method, Critical Debate, and the Historian -- Inference to the Best Theory, rather than Inference to the Best Explanation — Kinds of Abduction and Induction -- The Significance of Explanatory Considerations -- Truth-seeking by Abduction -- Inference to the Best Explanation and Bayesianism -- Adaptive Logics and the Integration of Induction and Deduction -- Argument, Inference and Reasoning — Integrating Induction and Deduction -- Laws are Persistent Inductive Schemes -- Physical Intuition as Inductive Support -- Frege, Neo-Logicism and Applied Mathematics -- Remarks About a “General Science of Reasoning” -- Two Questions About the Revival of Frege’s Programme -- Handling Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, and the Bayesian Controversy -- Artificial Intelligence and Its Methodological Implications -- Supplying Planks for Neurath’s Boat: Can Economists Meet the Demands of the Dynamics of Scientific Theories? -- Informational Economy and Creativity -- The Place of the Notion of Corroboration in Karl Popper’s Philosophy of Science -- How can a Falsified Theory Remain Corroborated ? -- Inductivism in 19th Century German Economics -- The Uniformity of Nature: What Purpose does it Serve? -- Planning, Democratization and Popularization with ISOTYPE, ca. 1945: a Study of Otto Neurath’s Pictorial Statistics with the Example of Bilston, England -- Reviews -- Activities 2003 -- Preview 2004 -- Remembering Dick Jeffrey (1926-2002) (Maria Carla Galavotti) -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence. These contributions - accompanied with critical comments - by renowned scholars in the field of philosophy of science aim at removing the traditional opposition between inductivists and deductivists. They explore the different methods of explanation and justification in the sciences in different contexts and with different objectives. The volume contains contributions on methods of the sciences, especially on induction, deduction, abduction, laws, probability and explanation, ranging from logic, mathematics, natural to the social sciences. They present a highly topical pluralist re-evaluation of methodological and foundational procedures and reasoning, e.g. focusing in Bayesianism and Artificial Intelligence. They document the second international conference in Vienna on "Induction and Deduction in the Sciences" as part of the Scientific Network on "Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Philosophy of Science in Europe", funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF).
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; A Critical Account since the Methodenstreit
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  • 82
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402026188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 276 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Philosophy. ; Phenomenology . ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The Development of Hermeneutical Consciousness -- The Development of Hermeneutical Consciousness in Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages -- The Genesis of Philological-Historical Hermeneutics -- Methodological Hermeneutics -- Toward a General Theory of Understanding -- A Typology of Understanding -- Cultural Understanding -- Method and Methodology -- The Unsolved Problems of Methodological Hermeneutics -- Parts, Wholes, and Circles -- The First Canon and the Philological-Historical Method.
    Abstract: The goal of the investigation is a phenomenological theory of the methods and later the methodology of the human sciences, first of all the philological interpretation of texts. The first part is a critical reflection on the historical development of hermeneutics as method of interpreting texts and the tradition including the first steps toward the emergence of scientific methodological hermeneutics. Such reflections show that the development of hermeneutics is onesidedly founded in the development of hermeneutical consciousness, i.e. the changing attitudes in the application and rejection of cultural traditions. All methods and finally methodologies are onesidedly founded in the activities of the lifeworld. The second part is a first attempt to develop an outline of a general phenomenological theory of pre-methodical and methodical understanding in the lifeworld. The third part offers a critical phenomenologically guided analysis of methodological hermeneutics. .
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402020414
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 238 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; History. ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Ontology. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History. ; Ontology ; History ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aristoteles v384-v322 ; Logik
    Abstract: On Aristotle’s Notion of Existence -- Semantical Games, the Alleged Ambiguity of “Is”, and Aristotelian Categories -- Aristotle’s Theory of Thinking and Its Consequences for His Methodology -- On the Role of Modality in Aristotle’s Metaphysics -- On the Ingredients of An Aristotelian Science -- Aristotelian Axiomatics and Geometrical Axiomotics -- Aristotelian Induction -- Aristotelian Explanations -- Aristotle’s Incontinent Logician -- On the Development of Aristotle’s Ideas of Scientific Method and the Structure of Science -- What Was Aristotle Doing in His Early Logic, Anyway? A Reply to Woods and Hansen -- Concepts of Scientific Method from Aristotle to Newton -- The Fallacy of Fallacies -- Socratic Questioning, Logic and Rhetoric.
    Abstract: Aristotle thought of his logic and methodology as applications of the Socratic questioning method. In particular, logic was originally a study of answers necessitated by earlier answers. For Aristotle, thought-experiments were real experiments in the sense that by realizing forms in one's mind, one can read off their properties and interrelations. Treating forms as independent entities, knowable one by one, committed Aristotle to his mode of syllogistic explanation. He did not think of existence, predication and identity as separate senses of estin. Aristotle thus serves as an example of a thinker who did not rely on the distinction between the allegedly different Fregean senses, thereby shedding new light on our own conceptual presuppositions. This collection comprises several striking interpretations that Jaakko Hintikka has put forward over the years, constituting a challenge not only to Aristotelian scholars and historians of ideas, but to everyone interested in logic, epistemology or metaphysics and in their history.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402024917
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 181 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Topoi Library 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Aesthetics. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Aesthetics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von 1775-1854 ; Ästhetik ; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von 1775-1854 ; Ästhetik
    Abstract: The Dissertation of 1792 on the Origin of Evil -- Schelling’s Timæus -- The Essay on the Possibility of a Form of All Philosophy (1794) -- The Opposition Between the Unconditional -- The Dramatization of Contrast -- The Paradox of Opposition -- Philosophy of Nature -- The System of Transcendental Idealism (1800) -- Epilogue on Earth.
    Abstract: This book is not a merely historical reconstruction of Schelling’s thought; its main goal is to provide a contribution for a better comprehension of the importance of the philosophical quest of the young German philosopher from within, which represents a turning point for the whole thought of modernity. I did not describe the various fields of Schelling’s work, but I pointed out the central position of his Aesthetics, through the analysis of the inner mechanisms of his concepts. This mechanism, in my opinion, shows the reason why an Aesthetic philosophy is possible, and why its origin can be traced to Kant’s Aesthetics (particularly in Kant’s Critique of Judgement) and in the speculations of the early post-Kantian philosophy. The young Schelling’s philosophical problems precede his encounter with Fichte’s philosophy. Schelling discovers these problems, related to Plato, Aristotle, Spinoza, Wolff, Leibniz and Kant, in the protestant college of the Stift in Tübingen. Fichte confirmed the necessity of an urgent reform of transcendental philosophy, and offered to the young philosopher a philosophical dictionary and an orientation. Schelling exploited these resources with a great degree of autonomy, independence and originality. In these years Hölderlin’s influence on Schelling was much greater. Schelling’s and Hölderlin’s speculations, in these crucial years, were tightly connected.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402032110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 360 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Hintikka on Epistemological Axiomatizations -- Hintikka on the Problem with the Problem of Transworld Identity -- What is Epistemic Discourse About? -- Interrogative Logic and the Economic Theory of Information -- A Metalogical Critique of Wittgensteinian ‘Phenomenology’ -- Theoretical Commensurability By Correspondence Relations: When Empirical Success Implies Theoretical Reference -- What is Abduction?: An Assessment of Jaakko Hintikka's Conception -- The Dialogic of Just Being Different: Hintikka's New Approach to the Notion of Episteme and its Impact on “Second Generation” Dialogics -- Probabilistic Features in Logic Games -- On Some Logical Properties of ‘Is True’ -- The Results are in: The Scope and Import of Hintikka's Philosophy.
    Abstract: Jaakko Hintikka is one of the most creative figures in contemporary philosophy. He has made significant contributions to virtually all areas of the discipline, from epistemology and the philosophy of logic to the history of philosophy and the philosophy of science. Part of the fruitfulness of Hintikka’s work is due to its opening important new lines of investigation and new approaches to traditional philosophical problems. This volume gathers together essays from some of Hintikka’s colleagues and former students exploring his influence on their work and pursuing some of the insights that we have found in his work. This book includes a comprehensive overview of Hintikka’s philosophy by Dan Kolak and John Symons and an annotated bibliography of Hintikka’s work.
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordHintikka on Epistemological Axiomatizations -- Hintikka on the Problem with the Problem of Transworld Identity -- What is Epistemic Discourse About. Interrogative Logic and the Economic Theory of Information -- A Metalogical Critique of Wittgensteinian ‘Phenomenology’ -- Theoretical Commensurability By Correspondence Relations: When Empirical Success Implies Theoretical Reference -- What is Abduction?: An Assessment of Jaakko Hintikka's Conception -- The dialogic of just being different: Hintikka's new approach to the notion of episteme and its impact on "second generation" dialogics -- Probabilistic Features in Logic Games. On Some Logical Properties of ‘Is True’ -- The Results are in: The Scope and Import of Hintikka's Philosophy -- Annotated Bibliography of Jaakko Hintikka -- Index.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9781402026430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 428 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 81
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Aesthetics ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: How do we perdure when we and everything around us are caught up in incessant change? But the course of this change does not seem to be haphazard and we may seek the modalities of its Logos in the transformations in which it occurs. The classic term "Metamorphosis" focuses upon the proportions between the transformed and the retained, the principles of sameness and otherness. Applied to life and its becoming, metamorphosis pinpoints the proportions between the vital and the aesthetic significance of life. Where could this metaphysical in-between territory come better to light than in the Fine Arts? In this collection are investigated the various proportions between the vital significance of the constructivism of life and a specifically human contribution made by the creative imagination to the transformatory search for beauty and aesthetic values. Papers by: Lawrence Kimmel, Mark L. Brack, Sheryl Tucker de Vazquez, William Roberts, Jadwiga Smith, Victor Gerald Rivas, Max Statkiewicz, Matti Itkonen, George R. Tibbetts, Linda Stratford, Jorella Andrews, Ingeborg M. Rocker, Stephen J. Goldberg, Leah Durner, Donnalee Dox, Catherine Schear, Samantha Henriette Krukowski, Gary Maciag, Kelly Dennis, Wanda Strukus, Magda Romanska, Patricia Trutty-Coohill, Ellen Burns, Tessa Morrison, Sabine Coelsch-Foisner, Gary Backhaus, Daniel M. Unger, Howard Pearce
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402019869
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 1052 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The twenty-eight essays in this Handbook, all by leading experts in the field, provide the most extensive treatment of various epistemological problems, supplemented by a historical account of this field. The entries are self-contained and substantial contributions to topics such as the sources of knowledge and belief, knowledge acquisition, and truth and justification. There are extensive essays on knowledge in specific fields: the sciences, mathematics, the humanities and the social sciences, religion, and language. Special attention is paid to current discussions on evolutionary epistemology, relativism, the relation between epistemology and cognitive science, sociology of knowledge, epistemic logic, knowledge and art, and feminist epistemology. This collection is a must-have for anybody interested in human knowledge, and its fortunes and misfortunes
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402022456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 321 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 83
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    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Phenomenology . ; Anthropology. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Anthropology ; Phänomenologie
    Abstract: The Ontopoietic Spread of the Logos of Life -- Around the Aretelogical Challenge of the “ontopoiesis of Life” -- The Cipher as the Unity of Signifier and Signified -- “Ontopoi?sis” and the Interpretation of Plato’s “khÔra” -- Self-individualization as the Main Principle in the Phenomenology of Life -- The Individualized Living Being as Node in Networks of Significant Affairs within a Vital System -- A Philosophy of the Unsayable: Apophasis and the Experience of Truth and Totality -- Creative Imagination Ciphering the Moral Discourse Between the Self and the Other -- Creative Process as a Factor and Condition of the Phenomenology of Life -- Levinas’ Disruptive Imagination: Time, Self and the Other -- Human Life as a Creative Completion of an An-archical Promise of Goodness in the Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas -- The Ethical Orientation of the Art of Human Creativity in the Book Ethics of Value and Hope by J. Tischner -- Creative “Représentance”: Ricoeur on Care, Death and History -- The Productive Function of the Will in the Philosophical Thought of William James -- The ‘Is-Ought Question’ Once More Reconsidered -- Multiple Rays of Creative Imagination Ciphering the Elemental Expansion of the Human Condition -- Wilderness: A Zoocentric Phenomenology — from Hediger to Heidegger -- Gewalt und Passibilität des Lebens: Entwurf Einer Praktischen Phänomenologie -- “African Vitalogy”: The African Mind and Spirituality -- The Tales of the Woods -- What the Eyes Alone Cannot See: Lakota Phenomenology and the Vision Quest -- The Ontopoiesis of the Dwelling: Art as Construction of a Human Space -- Frank Lloyd Wright’s “Organic Architecture”: An Ecological Approach in Theory and Practice -- The Creative Inwardness As a Forge of the Novel Types of Aesthetic Ciphers -- Creative Inwardness in Early Modern Italian Thought -- Creativity and Aesthetic Experience: The Problem of the Possibility of Beauty and Sensitiveness -- Confirmations of ‘life’ in a Phenomenology of Poetic Images -- The Sense of Creativity by Andrei Tarkovski -- Twilight of the Eidos: The Question of Form in Heidegger’s Reading of Nietzsche’s Thought upon Art -- Traditional Works of Art and Networks of Art: Phenomenological Reflection -- Vincent Van Gogh’s Five Bedrooms at Arles: An Analysis of Creative Copies -- Figureless Landscape: The Persistence of the Sublime in American Landscape Painting -- The Aestheticization of Life by Photography -- The Convergent ‘I’: Empathy as an Aesthetic Category -- Mass-media Communication as a Possible Creative Source -- La Modernidad y la Filosofía de la Historia -- Creativity, Intentionality, Hermeneutics; Husserlian Inquiries -- The Function of Intentionality and the Function of Creativity; A.-T. Tymieniecka and E. Husserl: A Confrontation -- Creativity in Husserl’s Impulsive Intentionality -- Merleau-Ponty and Expressive Life: A Hermeneutical Study -- The Philosophical Psyche and Creativity -- Sein und Zeit in the Works of Edith Stein -- Creative Imagination in the Invention of Ciphers of the Cognitive Scientific Logos -- Transworld Individuals Versus David Lewis’s Creation of Counterpart Individuals -- The Endurance of Aesthetic Objects and the Relative Durability of Scientific Theories -- Phenomenology of Creative Application of Mathematical Analogy in Arts and Literature -- The Analogy Between “Orthodox” Quantum Theory and Polyphony of Fiction -- A Systemic Typology of Scientific Phenomena -- New Humanism.
    Abstract: The fulgurating power of creative imagination - Imaginatio Creatrix - setting in motion the Human Condition within the-unity-of-everything there-is-alive is the key to the rebirth of philosophy. From as early as 1971 (see the third volume of the Analecta Husserliana series, The Phenomenological Realism of the Possible Worlds, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, ed.), Imaginatio Creatrix has been the leitmotif for the research work of the World Phenomenology Institute (now published in eighty-three Analecta Husserliana volumes), one that is eliciting echoes from all around. Husserl's diagnosis of a crisis in Western science and culture, the inspiration of much of postmodern phenomenology, has yielded place to a wave of scientific discovery, technological invention, and change in societal life, individual lifestyles, the arts, etc. These throw a glaring light on human creative genius and the crucial role of the imagination that gives it expression. This present collection is an instance of that expression and the response it evokes. It manifests the role of imagination in forming and interpreting our world -in-transformation in a new way and opens our eyes to marvel at the new world on the way. Papers by: Semiha Akinci, John Baldacchino, Angela Ales Bello, Elif Cirakman, Tracy Colony, Carmen Cozma, Charles de Brantes, Mamuka G. Dolidze, Edward Domagala, Shannon Driscoll, Nader E1-Bizri, Ignacy Fiut, William Franke, Elga Freiberga, Beata Furgalska, Nicoletta Ghigi, Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei, David Grünberg, Oliver W. Holmes, Milan Jaros, Rolf Kühn, Maija Kule, Rimma Kurenkova, Matthew Landrus, Nancy Mardas, David Martinez, William D. Melaney, Mieczyslaw, Pawel Migon, Martin Nkafu Nkemnkia, Leszek Pyra, W. Kim Rogers, Bruce Ross, Osvaldo Rossi, Julio E. Rubio, Diane G. Scillia, Mina Sehdev, Dennis E. Skocz, Mariola Sulkowska, Robert D. Sweeney, Jan Szmyd, Piero Trupia, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Richard T. Webster.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
    ISBN: 9780306481239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer-11648
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 237
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 232
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    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy of Nature ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Experiment ; Naturwissenschaften ; Wissenschaftliche Beobachtung ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: From Throry to Experiment and Back Again -- NaÏve Probability -- From Theory to Experiments and Back Again ... and Back Again ... Comments on Patrick Suppes -- Emergence and Future of Experimental Economics -- Rationality in Experimental Economics: An Analysis of Reinhard Selten’s Approach -- Experiments, Heuristics and Social Diversity: A Comment on Reinhard Selten -- Where do New Ideas Come From? a Heuristics of Discovery in the Cognitive Sciences -- Comments on Gerd Gigerenzer -- On the Concept of Discovery Comments on Gerd Gigerenzer -- Styles of Experimentation -- On French Concepts and Objects Comments on Ursula Klein -- Some Comments on “Styles of Experimentation” by Ursula Klein -- Improving “Styles of Experimentation” a Comment on Ursula Klein -- Experiments and Thought Experiments in Natural Science -- The Advantages of Theft Over Honest Toil Comments on David Atkinson -- Thinking About Thought Experiments in Physics Comment on “Experiments and Thought Experiments in Natural Science” -- The Dynamics of Thought Experiments A Comment on David Atkinson -- An Attempt at a Philosophy of Experiment -- An Attempt at a Philosophy of Experimental Error a Comment on Giora Hon -- O Happy Error a Comment on Giora Hon -- Bayesian Evidence -- On Bayesian Logic Comments on Colin Howson -- On Bayesian Induction (and Pythagoric Arithmetic) -- Probability and Logic Comments on Colin Howson.
    Abstract: According to a long tradition in philosophy of science, a clear cut distinction can be traced between a context of discovery and a context of justification. This tradition dates back to the birth of the discipline in connection with the Circles of Vienna and Berlin, in the twenties and thirties of last century. Convicted that only the context of justification is pertinent to philosophy of science, logical empiricists identified its goal with the “rational reconstruction” of scientific knowledge, taken as the clarification of the logical structure of science, through an analysis of its language and methods. Stressing justification as the proper field of application of philosophy of science, logical empiricists intended to leave discovery out of its remit. The context of discovery was then discarded from philosophy of science and left to sociology, psychology and history. The distinction between context of discovery and context of justification goes hand in hand with the tenet that the theoretical side of science can – and should – be kept separate from its observational and experimental components. Further, the final, abstract formulation of theories should be analysed apart from the process behind it, resulting from a tangle of context-dependent factors. This conviction is reflected by the distinction between theoretical and observational sentences underpinning the Hempelian view of theories as nets, whose knots represent theoretical terms, floating on the plane of observation, to which it is anchored by rules of interpretation.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789401704854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 278 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: -Selected papers on Renaissance philosophy and on Thomas Hobbes offers the best work in these fields by the acclaimed historian of philosophy, Karl Schuhmann (1941-2003), displaying the extraordinary range and depth of his unique scholarship, -Topics covered include Renaissance philosophy of nature; the development of the notion of time in early modern philosophy; Telesio's concept of space; Hermetic influences on Pico, Patrizi and Hobbes; Hobbes's Short Tract; Spinoza and Hobbes; Hobbes's political philosophy, -This book brings together, in chronological arrangement, twelve papers. Though these were published before in some form, several were not easily accessible so far, -All articles have been edited in accordance with the author's wishes, and incorporate his later additions and corrections
    Description / Table of Contents: Francis Bacon und Hobbes’ Widmungsbrief zu De CiveGedankenschnelle und Himmelsflug: einige hermetische Motive bei Hobbes -- Methodenfragen bei Spinoza und Hobbes: zum Problem des Einflusses -- Zur Entstehung des neuzeitlichen Zeitbegriffs: Telesio, Patrizi, Gassendi -- Telesio’s Concept of Matter -- Le concept de l’espace chez Telesio -- Giovanni Pico della Mirandola und der Hermetismus: Vom Mitstreiter zum Gegner -- Francesco Patrizi und die hermetische Philosophie -- La notion de loi chez Hobbes -- Hobbes and the Political Thought of Plato and Aristotle -- Hobbes und Gassendi -- Le Short Tract, première œuvre philosophique de Hobbes -- Karl Schuhmann - Bibliography (December 2003).
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401000475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXIV, 887 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 79
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: "Does the World exist?" There would be no reason to resurrect this question of modernity from its historical oblivion were it not for the fact that recent evolution in science and technology, impregnating culture, makes us wonder about the nature of reality, of the world we are living in, and of our status as living beings within it. Thus great metaphysical subjacent queries are forcefully revived, calling for new investigations to proceed in the light of the innumerable novel insights of science. This collection presents a wealth of material toward an elaboration of a new metaphysical groundwork of the ontopoiesis/ phenomenology of life sought to effect such investigations. The classic postulates of the metaphysics of reality, those of necessity and certainty here find a new formulation. Away from sclerotized ontological and cognitive assumptions and congenial with the views of contemporary science, the understanding of reality, of our world of life, and of ourselves within it is to be sought in the existential/ontopoietic ciphering of life (Tymieniecka)
    Description / Table of Contents: From the Contens:Acknowledgments.- I: Framing the Ontopoietic Vision of the World and Existence.-II: Toward Lifting of the Classical Controversy Idealism/Realism -- III: Transcendentalism Revisited -- IV: Ciphering the Plurisignificant Sharing of Existence -- V: The Creating Ciphering of Reality by Art --  VI: The Worlds of Human Inward-Outward Existential Radiation of Reality -- VII: The Cultural Ciphers of the World.- VIII: The New Ciphering of the Constant Coordinates of the World and Existence -- IX: Some Contributions to the Scientific Interpretation of the Origins of Life -- Index Of Names.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9781402028083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 626 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, And The Unity Of Science 1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Physics ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Developmental biology ; Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The aim of the series Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, of which this is the first volume, is to take up anew the challenge of considering the scientific enterprise in its entirety in light of recent developments in logic and philosophy. Developments in logic are especially relevant to the current situation in philosophy of science. At present, there is no single logic, single approach to semantics or well-defined conception of scientific method dominating the philosophy of science. At the same time, questions concerning linguistic, reductionist and foundationalist approaches to epistemology, the analytic and synthetic distinction as well as disputes concerning semantics and pragmatics have been illuminated by recent developments in logic. Given the power of such developments, discussions of the unity of science are even more intriguing and urgent than in the 20th century. The first title in this new series aims to explore, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The present volume contains essays from some of the most important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics such as philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of great interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789401001014
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIX, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library 161
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 161
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    DDC: 305.42
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This collection of essays, first published two decades ago, presents central feminist critiques and analyses of natural and social sciences and their philosophies. Unfortunately, in spite of the brilliant body of research and scholarship in these fields in subsequent decades, the insights of these essays remain as timely now as they were then: philosophy and the sciences still presume kinds of social innocence to which they are not entitled. The essays focus on Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Hobbes, Rousseau, and Marx; on the 'adversary method' model of philosophic reasoning; on principles of individuation on philosophical ontology and philosophy of language; on individualistic assumptions in psychology; functionalism in sociological and biological theory; evolutionary theory; the methodology of political science; and conceptions of objective inquiry in the sciences. In taking insights of both Liberal and Marxian women's movements into the purportedly most abstract and value-free areas of Western thought, these essays chart sexist and androcentric assumptions, claims and practices in the cognitive, technical cores of Western sciences and their philosophies. They begin to identify the distinctive aspects of women's experiences and locations in male-supremacist social structures which can provide resources needed for the creation of post-androcentric thinking in research, scholarship, and public policy. Such uses of feminist insights remain controversial today, and even among some feminists
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306482144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 427 p. 6 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 10
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    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of Nature ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Wiener Kreis ; Neopositivismus
    Abstract: What is the Vienna Circle? -- What is the Vienna Circle? -- Origins and History -- Pluralism of Tenable World Views -- On the Formation of Logical Empiricism -- Bolzano’s Account of Justification -- Kantian Metaphysics and Hertzian Mechanics -- Moritz Schlick -- Moritz Schlick’s Idea of Non-territorial States -- An Unknown Side of Moritz Schlick’s Intellectual Biography: The Reviews for the “Vierteljahrschrift Für Wissenschaftliche Philosophie und Soziologie” (1911–1916) -- Between Meaning and Demarcation -- “Let’s Talk about Flourishing!” — Moritz Schlick and the Non-cognitive Foundation of Virtue Ethics -- Hans Reichenbach -- Coordination and Convention in Hans Reichenbach’s Philosophy of Space -- Reichenbach’s ?-Definition of Simultaneity in Historical and Philosophical Perspective -- Other Proponents and Periphery -- Towards a Physicalistic Attitude -- Logical Empiricism and Phenomenology: Felix Kaufmann -- Béla von Juhos and the Concept of “Konstatierungen” -- Wittgenstein’s Constructivization of Euler’s Proof of the Infinity of Primes -- Quine’S Historical Argument for Epistemology Naturalized -- Unity and Plurality -- Two Uses of Unification -- Unity and Plurality in the Concept of Causation -- Edgar Zilsel’s Research Programme: Unity of Science as an Empirical Problem -- Contexts of Science -- Criticizing a Difference of Contexts — On Reichenbach’S Distincition Between “Context of Discovery” and “Context of Justification” -- Contextualizing an Epistemological Issue: The Case of Error in Experiment -- The Contexts of Scientific Justification. Some Reflections on the Relation Between Epistemological Contextualism and Philosophy of Science -- Epistemology -- Modal Skepticism. Philosophical Thought Experiments and Modal Epistemology -- Structure and Heuristic: In Praise of Structural Reallism in the Case of Niels Bohr -- Ethics -- The Neutrality of Meta-Ethics Revisited — How to Draw on Einstein and the Vienna Circle in Developing an Adequate Account of Morals -- Women of Logical Empiricism -- No Woman, No Try? — Else Frenkel-Brunswik and the Project of Integrating Psychoanalysis into the Unity of Science -- Susan Stebbing on Cambridge and Vienna Analysis -- Susan Stebbing’s Criticism of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- Rose Rand: a Woman in Logic -- Report — Documentation -- Logical Positivism in Russia.
    Abstract: The Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism is for scholars, researchers and students in history and philosophy of science focusing on Logical Empiricism and analytic philosophy (of science). This volume features recent work from international research and historiography on the Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism and their influence. It is unique in that it: -provides historical and systematic research; -deals with the influence and impact of the Vienna Circle/Logical Empiricism on today's philosophy of science; -explores the intellectual context of this scientific philosophy; -unites contributions by renowned scholars and a younger generation of philosophers; -focuses on main figures and peripheral adherents; -features crucial issues of Logical Empiricism; -documents the activities of the Vienna Circle Institute; -includes reviews on related topics.
    Note: Includes papers from a symposium held July 12-14, 2001 at the University of Vienna , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789401701839
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 316 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Systems theory ; Epistemology. ; Neurosciences ; Artificial intelligence ; System theory. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Control theory.
    Abstract: This book presents a realist, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary theory of immediate awareness showing it is the most primitive cognitive network underlying all our natural intelligence. Including preattentive and attention processes, as well as primitive relations of the senses, imagination and memory, immediate awareness is a kind of knowing deeply embedded and interwoven throughout our multiple kinds of natural intelligence. It permits as well as drives our knowing how, our bodily intelligence. Against the Cartesian mind-body split found in earlier and current theories, the author shows how immediate awareness permits emergent properties of mind in multilayered primitive relations of touching and moving in bodily kinesthetic intelligence. Contrary to existing theories, she argues that sensation is not cognitively "neutral", nor does it require a "representation" in order to be accessible to cognitive processes
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401701273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 248 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 169
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Economic policy. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Geriatrics ; Economics ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: In comparison to Husserl and Heidegger, Max Scheler's philosophy of time as first presented here, is considerably wider in scope. Using posthumous manuscripts, Frings shows that Scheler conceived the origin of time in the self-activating center of individual and universal life as threefold "absolute" time of a four-dimensional expanse. This serves as a basis for establishing the phenomenon of objective time in multiple steps of constitutionality, including the physical field theory and theory of relativity. For Scheler, objective time, even though anchored in absolute time, deserves "maximum attention" in a technological society. Frings focuses here with Scheler on time experience of values and among social groups, time experiences in the mind-set of capitalism, in politics and morals, in population dynamics, and time experiences in the process of aging, all of which were signposts in Scheler's thought before his early demise
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  • 97
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401716581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 353 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 78
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of nature
    Abstract: What essentially is a garden? Is it a small plot of land that we put aside to cultivate our favourite vegetables or to grow flowers for our personal enjoyment? Or is it a symbol, a mirror, a reflection of our human passions? Within the context of phenomenology/ontopoiesis-of-life, we find the significance of the garden inscribed within the web of the Human Condition, creatively unfurling its form from the vital basis to its loftiest swings of the period. The aesthetic synthesis of our passions is carried by the logoic promise of life - its infinite renewal and infinite response. The topic of the present volume is the mysterious ways in which Imaginatio Creatix plays within the human ingrowness in natural life, transposing dreams, nostalgias, and enchantments
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401715423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 235
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 235
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Every philosopher of science, and every student of the philosophy of science, has heard of Paul Feyerabend: the iconoclast who supposedly asserted that science is not rational, nor objective, but is characterised by anarchism, relativism, subjectivism and power. In this book it is argued that this picture of Feyerabend is false. Though Feyerabend was an iconoclast, his destructive philosophy was also creative. Feyerabend was deeply critical of a particular theory of scientific rationality, herein labelled 'Rationalism' - characterised as the algorithmic application of universal, necessary, atemporal rules - but he did not completely reject the idea of scientific rationality. It is argued that Feyerabend implicitly supported an alternative theory of rationality, herein labelled tightrope-walking rationality, characterised as the context-sensitive balancing of inherently irreconcilable values. The first half of the book deals with the entrenched misunderstandings of Feyerabend's philosophy that have arisen through a lack of appreciation of the target of Feyerabend's criticisms. The second half of the book brings together the positive elements to be found in Feyerabend's work, and presents these elements as a coherent alternative conception of scientific rationality
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789401702492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 304 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 323
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Semantics ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: This volume contains papers on truth, logic, semantics, and history of logic and philosophy. These papers are dedicated to Jan Wolenski to honour his 60th birthday. Jan Wolenski is professor of philosophy at the Department of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland. He is likely to be the most well-known Polish philosopher of this time, best known for his work on the history of the philosophy and logic of the Lvov-Warsaw School. Furthermore, he's published numerous books and articles dealing with various issues of epistemology and philosophy of language This collection is mainly addressed to researchers and graduate students in philosophy, logic, and history and philosophy of science
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401709613
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 221 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 236
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 236
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Quantum physics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This volume attempts to provide a new articulation of issues surrounding scientific realism, scientific rationality, the epistemology of non-classical physics, the type of revolutionary changes in the development of science, the naturalization of epistemology within frameworks of cognitive science and structural linguistics, models of the information technology revolution, and reconstructions of early modern logical systems. A common denominator of the authors' positions is the rejection of the post-modern deconstruction of the "global philosophical accounts" of science's cognitive structure and dynamics. The volume takes on a dual task: it deals with major perspectives on philosophy of science "after the end of post-positivism", and it represents basic philosophical controversies in an Eastern-European society "after the end of state socialism
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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