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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What skills and abilities can automation technologies replicate and what does it mean for workers? : New evidence (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.282
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper exploits novel data on the degree of automatability of approximately 100 skills and abilities collected through an original survey of experts in AI, and link them to occupations using information on skill and ability requirements extracted from O*NET. Similar to previous studies, this allows gauging the number of jobs potentially affected by automation and the workers who are most at risk of automation. The focus on the automatability of skills and abilities as opposed to entire occupations permits a direct assessment of the share of highly automatable and bottleneck tasks in each occupation. The study finds that thanks to advances in AI and robotics, several high-level cognitive skills can now be automated. However, high-skilled occupations continue to be less at risk of automation because they also require skills and abilities that remain important bottlenecks to automation. Furthermore, jobs at highest risk of automation will not disappear completely, as only 18 to 27% of skills and abilities required in these occupations are highly automatable. Rather, the organisation of work will change and workers in these jobs will need to retrain, as technologies replace workers for several tasks.
    DOI: 10.1787/646aad77-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Over-Qualified or Under-Skilled : A Review of Existing Literature (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.121
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg58j9d7b6d-en
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Over-qualified or under-skilled : a review of existing literature (2011)
    Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Dir. for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Committee
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 47 S., 0,76 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 121
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Übersichtsarbeit
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg58j9d7b6d-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Starting Well or Losing their Way? : The Position of Youth in the Labour Market in OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.39
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Despite the fact that today’s young cohorts are smaller in number and better educated than their older counterparts, high youth unemployment remains a serious problem in many OECD countries. This reflects a variety of factors, including the relatively high proportion of young people leaving school without a basic educational qualification, the fact that skills acquired in initial education are not always well adapted to labour market requirements, as well as general labour market conditions and problems in the functioning of labour markets. The paper highlights the trends in youth labour market performance over the past decade using a wide range of indicators. It also presents new evidence on i) the length of transitions from school to work; ii) the wages, working conditions and stability of jobs performed by youth; and iii) the degree of so-called “over-education”, i.e. the gap between the skills of young people and the jobs they get.
    DOI: 10.1787/351848125721
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Going Separate Ways? School-to-Work Transitions in the United States and Europe (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.90
    DOI: 10.1787/221717700447
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Automation, skills use and training (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 125 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 202
    Keywords: Automatisierung ; Fachkräfte ; Qualifikation ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study focuses on the risk of automation and its interaction with training and the use of skills at work. Building on the expert assessment carried out by Carl Frey and Michael Osborne in 2013, the paper estimates the risk of automation for individual jobs based on the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). The analysis improves on other international estimates of the individual risk of automation by using a more disaggregated occupational classification and identifying the same automation bottlenecks emerging from the experts’ discussion. Hence, it more closely aligns to the initial assessment of the potential automation deriving from the development of Machine Learning. Furthermore, this study investigates the same methodology using national data from Germany and United Kingdom, providing insights into the robustness of the results. The risk of automation is estimated for the 32 OECD countries that have participated in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) so far. Beyond the share of jobs likely to be significantly disrupted by automation of production and services, the accent is put on characteristics of these jobs and the characteristics of the workers who hold them. The risk is also assessed against the use of ICT at work and the role of training in helping workers transit to new career opportunities.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/2e2f4eea-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Same same but different : school-to-work transitions in emerging and advanced economies (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 154
    Keywords: Absolventen ; Arbeitsuche ; Karriereplanung ; Schwellenländer ; Industrieländer ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Improving school-to-work transitions and ensuring better career opportunities for youth after labour market entrance are common goals in emerging and advanced economies as they can contribute to raising the productive potential of the economy and to increasing social cohesion. However, the challenges faced in achieving these objectives and the policies required vary between emerging and advanced economies. This paper analyses youth labour market outcomes in 16 countries: eight emerging countries and eight advanced economies. In light of this analysis, it also discusses differences and similarities in the policy measures countries have at their disposal to tackle the key emerging challenges.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jzbb2t1rcwc-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Returns to different forms of job related training : factoring in informal learning (2019)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 231
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study aims at disentangling the returns to formal, non-formal and informal training and fills key knowledge gaps. Informal learning is found to be by far the most common form of job-related learning at work. Learning informally at work is found to be associated with 3.5% higher wages, on top of the wage returns of non-formal training which amount to about 11%. Work environments which apply high performance work organisation practices – i.e. where workers have more autonomy and work in teams – are found to nurture a training culture that yields high returns. Workers in these contexts are 12% more likely to experience informal learning. In addition, they also reap higher returns from the training they attend, both non-formal and informal. This suggests that HPWP may amplify the benefits of learning at work, possibly giving workers more opportunities to turn what they learn into immediate use because of the increased flexibility in organising once work.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/b21807e9-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Skills at work : how skills and their use matter in the labour market (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 158
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Fachkräfte ; Bildungsabschluss ; Qualifikation ; Anforderungsprofil ; Lohnstruktur ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Human capital is key for economic growth. Not only is it linked to aggregate economic performance but also to each individual’s labour market outcomes. However, a skilled population is not enough to achieve high and inclusive growth, as skills need to be put into productive use at work. Thanks to the availability of measures of both the proficiency and the use of numerous types of skills, the Survey of Adult Skills offers a unique opportunity to advance knowledge in this area and this paper presents and discusses evidence on both these dimensions with a particular focus on their implications for labour market policy. This paper explores the role played in the labour market by skill proficiency in the areas of literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments. It also shows how skills use, not only proficiency, affects a number of key labour market phenomena, such as the gender wage gap. Finally, the paper combines information on skill proficiency, educational attainment, skill use and qualification requirements to construct indicators of qualification and skills mismatch and to explore their causes and consequences.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz44fdfjm7j-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Working and learning : a diversity of patterns (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 169
    Keywords: Betriebliches Bildungsmanagement ; Weiterbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Fachkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The combination of work and study has been hailed as crucial to ensure that youth develop the skills required on the labour market so that transitions from school to work are shorter and smoother. This paper fills an important gap in availability of internationally-comparable data. Using the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), it draws a comprehensive picture of work and study in 23 countries/regions. Crucially, it decomposes the total share of working students by the context in which they work (VET, apprenticeships or private arrangements) and assesses the link between field of study and students’ work. The paper also assesses how the skills of students are used in the workplace compared to other workers and identifies the socio-demographic factors and the labour market institutions that increase the likelihood of work and study. Finally, while it is not possible to examine the relationship between work and study and future labour market outcomes at the individual level, some aggregate correlations are unveiled.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrw4bz6hl43-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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