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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beyond Income Poverty : Nonmonetary Dimensions of Poverty in Uganda (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Etang, Alvin Beyond Income Poverty: Nonmonetary Dimensions of Poverty in Uganda
    Abstract: The proportion of Ugandan households living in poverty reduced by more than half between 1993 and 2013. Using household survey data, this paper analyzes nonmonetary dimensions of poverty in Uganda for levels and trends, to explore whether the observed reduction in monetary-based poverty are reflected in the nonmonetary indicators of poverty. The results show that Uganda's progress in reducing poverty is strongly reflected in several nonmonetary indicators of poverty. The analysis finds that the trends in many nonmonetary indicators are consistent with the trend of monetary-based measure of poverty. The paper also examines whether progress has been as fast as would be expected, given Uganda's impressive performance in reducing poverty. Overall, the evidence indicates that progress on nonmonetary poverty was consistent with expectations, and faster than what would be expected, for some indicators, based on other countries' experiences. This finding is similar to Uganda's progress on reducing monetary poverty, which is also at the expected level based on experience in other countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8111
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of High Inflation on Household Livelihoods in Urban South Sudan (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Etang, Alvin Impact of High Inflation on Household Livelihoods in Urban South Sudan
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Education ; Effective Welfare Efforts ; Equity and Development ; Household Surveys ; Hyperinflation ; Inflation ; Inflation and Girls Education ; Living Standards ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction Strategy ; Urban Livelihoods ; Urban Poverty
    Abstract: Using panel data, this paper analyzes the impact of high inflation on household livelihoods in urban South Sudan. Based on a difference-in-difference approach, inflation is found to have a strong negative impact on urban poverty between 2015 and 2017, mainly driven by the increase of non-food prices. Food price inflation had a negative and statistically significant impact on girls' primary and secondary school attendance, while proximity to school is very important for girls' school attendance. Increases in food prices led to a decline in labor force participation, increasing unemployment among urban residents. Inflation is exacerbating food insecurity and hunger, particularly for the poorest households who are more vulnerable to hunger. Inflation has also negatively affected households' perceptions of welfare. These changes in welfare are mostly explained by the period of near hyper-inflation in 2017. Addressing high inflation must be at the center of efforts to reduce poverty and hunger to improve the welfare of the people of South Sudan
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10210
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Reversing the Trend of Stunting in Sudan : Opportunities for Human Capital Development through Multisectoral Approaches (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Etang, Alvin Reversing the Trend of Stunting in Sudan: Opportunities for Human Capital Development through Multisectoral Approaches
    Keywords: Child Health ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Driver ; Stunting ; Undernutrition
    Abstract: Stunting, measured using a height-for-age Z score [HAZ] and an indicator of chronic malnutrition, among 0?5-yearold Sudanese children has been on the rise?from 34 percent in 2010 to 38 percent in 2014. Although a multisectoral approach to tackling undernutrition may mask clarity and undermine specificity of sectors to prioritize, it can be a basis for designing evidenced-based and balanced multisectoral strategies to addressing stunting in Sudan. Overall, stunting is more prevalent in the early years of Sudanese children and among children from the poorest households and in rural areas where adequate access to the underlying drivers of nutrition also remains significantly low. Adequate access to nutrition drivers is strongly associated with a lower likelihood of being stunted. Among the nutrition drivers considered, adequate access to food security and care and health care (both individually and jointly) significantly lowers a child?s probability of being stunted. In rural areas and poor households where stunting rates are highest, prioritizing food security and access to adequate health care can contribute toward lowering stunting. Poverty remains a central feature of stunting in Sudan and a main source of inequalities in adequate access to nutrition drivers
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10246
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Women Empowerment for Poverty and Inequality Reduction in Sudan (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Food Security ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Rural Development ; Gender and Social Policy ; Inequality ; Poverty Reduction ; Women's Empowerment
    Abstract: Several key gender issues likely act as an impediment to poverty reduction and shared prosperity in Sudan. While many of these issues are common across countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa region, some of them are accentuated by the status of Sudan as a fragile state. Fragility and conflict negatively affect men and women in different ways, resulting in gender-specific disadvantages. While men are often disproportionately affected by the direct effects of conflict (for example, death and disability), women and girls are affected by a range of constraints and protection challenges that fragility and conflict pose. These issues include disrupted access to basic social services and infrastructure, lower access to productive assets, displacement, and increased exposure to gender-based violence (GBV). This study aims to examine how gender equality has evolved in Sudan during the last decade, by looking at different dimensions. These include the accumulation of endowment in all its forms (human capital [education and health] and physical capital), access to economic opportunities (labor market opportunities and access to income-generating activities), access to services (water, sanitation, and electricity), and voice/representation to make decision at all levels. The study will highlight the areas in which gender inequality persists and propose policies to reduce gender inequality in Sudan
    DOI: 10.1596/36106
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Education and Health Services in Uganda : Quality of Inputs, User Satisfaction, and Community Welfare Levels (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tsimpo, Clarence Education and Health Services in Uganda: Quality of Inputs, User Satisfaction, and Community Welfare Levels
    Abstract: Good health and quality education are essential for economic growth and poverty reduction. Unfortunately, the quality of the education and health services provided in low-income countries is often low. Improving access and quality of education and health are key policy goals for Uganda. This paper builds on the Service Delivery Indicator study by further exploring issues related to the quality of service delivery in Uganda. The paper analyzes the quality of service from a poverty perspective, to contribute to the ongoing policy debate on the quality of service delivery in Uganda, especially in the education and health sectors. Combining data from the Service Delivery Indicator and the Uganda National Household Survey surveys, the paper shows a strong correlation between welfare and quality of service. The quality of service is lowest for those living in poor areas. This has implications for pupils' learning outcomes. Pupils in poor areas perform poorly on a standardized test covering English, numeracy, and nonverbal reasoning. Increased access to education was not accompanied by improvement in learning outcomes. Results from econometric analysis suggest that improvements in school facilities, improvements in the quality of teaching, and the knowledge base of teachers could bring substantial gains in student performance, particularly in poor communities. Despite the low quality they face, if the poor are more satisfied with the service, this has implications for demand for social accountability, as the poor often are not exposed to or ignore the standard of service to which they should refer
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8116
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Towards a More Inclusive Economy : Understanding the Barriers Sudanese Women and Youth Face in Accessing Employment Opportunities (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Gender ; Gender and Social Policy ; Inequality ; Labor Market ; Labor Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The report is organized as follows. After a brief description of the analytical framing and methodology in section two, section three presents the history and demographics of the labor market in Sudan, focusing on indicators by gender and age across the three main sectors of employment: services, agriculture, and industry. Section four examines formal institutions: the institutional setting, service delivery, and laws and regulations as they relate to economic opportunities. Section five examines informal institutions, where the social norms and networks can be a barrier to women's and youth's full economic participation. Section six analyzes how the market is supporting or constraining economic activity, which includes a closer look at the labor market itself and access to assets. Section seven discusses how all of these aspects are considered when it comes to the household- and individual-level decision-making that directly affects women's and youth's accumulation of human capital, overall agency, and, ultimately, their economic opportunities. Section eight concludes with considerations for policy and action
    DOI: 10.1596/36104
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of the mismatch between Tanzania Household Budget Survey and National Panel Survey data in poverty & inequality levels and trends (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8361
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Belghith, Nadia Belhaj Hassine Analysis of the Mismatch between Tanzania Household Budget Survey and National Panel Survey Data in Poverty and Inequality Levels and Trends
    Keywords: Armut ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Erhebungstechnik ; Tansania ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study carries out a thorough investigation of the potential sources of mismatch in poverty and inequality levels and trends between the Tanzania National Panel Survey and Household Budget Survey. The main findings of the study include the following. First, the difference in poverty levels between the Household Budget Survey and the National Panel Survey is essentially explained by the differences in the methods of estimating the poverty line. Second, the discrepancy in poverty trends can be mainly attributed to the difference in inter-year temporal price deflators, and, to a lesser extent, spatial price deflators. The use of the consumer price index for adjusting consumption variation across years would show a decline in poverty during the past five years for the Household Budget Survey and the National Panel Survey. Third, despite noticeable differences in the methods of household consumption data collection, the Household Budget Survey and National Panel Survey show close mean household consumption levels in the last rounds, when using the consumer price index to adjust for inter-year price variations. Mean household consumption levels in the Household Budget Survey 2011/12 and National Panel Survey 2010/11 are comparable, and the mean consumption level in the National Panel Survey 2012/13 is around 10 percent higher. The difference is driven by higher levels of aggregate and food consumption by the better-off groups in the National Panel Survey. Fourth, the mismatch in inequality trends and pro-poor growth patterns between the two surveys could not be resolved and is a subject for further analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8361
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Women Empowerment for Poverty and Inequality Reduction in Sudan (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Osman, Eiman Women Empowerment for Poverty and Inequality Reduction in Sudan
    Keywords: Access To Services ; Economic Growth ; Food Security ; Gender ; Gender Equality ; Gender Gap ; Inequality ; Labor Force Participation ; Poverty Reduction ; Shock Exposure ; Vulnerability ; Women's Agency ; Women's Empowerment ; Women's Voice
    Abstract: This paper examines how gender equality has evolved in Sudan during the last decade. The analysis comprises various dimensions including the accumulation of endowment in all its forms (human capital and physical capital), access to economic opportunities, access to services (water, sanitation, and electricity), and voice/representation to make decision at all levels. Key findings of the paper are the following. Sudanese women live in poorer than Sudanese men during key productive and reproductive years and appear to suffer greater poverty-related impacts of childcare and divorce. In education, gender gaps are shrinking as the proportion of girls attending primary school and the proportion of boys attending secondary school both continue to increase. Sudan?s maternal mortality ratio declined between 2004 and 2014, supported by an improvement in access to reproductive care services. Time spent in collecting water is a burden to both genders, with no significant difference between females and males. A higher proportion of femaleheaded households are in the lowest asset index quintile compared to male-headed households, while a lower share of female-headed households are in the highest asset index quintile than male-headed households. Male-headed households have better access to water, sanitation, and hygiene services and electricity. Sudan has a large gender gap in labor force participation that contrasts starkly to the average for the Sub-Saharan African region. Female household heads are more likely to be food insecure and experience higher exposure to shocks, compared to male heads. The paper includes a discussion on the potential impact of COVID- 19 on gender inequality, as well as possible policy options to reduce gender inequality in Sudan
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10245
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    A Proxy Means Test for Targeted Social Protection Programs in Sudan (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Etang, Alvin A Proxy Means Test for Targeted Social Protection Programs in Sudan
    Keywords: Consumption Income Data ; Household Welfare ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protection Programs ; Social Protections and Labor ; Targeted Social Protection
    Abstract: This study seeks to support the efforts of Sudan in the targeting of the Sudan Emergency Safety Nets Project (SESNP) and any other future safety net programs in Sudan to those most in need. Sudan has faced numerous challenges for several years. Since its separation from South Sudan in 2011, the economy has experienced macroeconomic imbalances that have lasted for over a decade. In addition, the country has faced political instability, internal conflicts, and challenging climatic conditions. All of these challenges pose direct consequences to the poor. More recently, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine crisis have only exacerbated the economic and social situation in the country. In this context, the number of poor and vulnerable is expected to have increased considerably since the last reported official poverty rate, which accounted for 61.1% of the population in 2015. In light of these events, there is a growing consensus on the need of social safety net programs in the country. The proposed program, the SESNP, is expected to provide unconditional cash and food transfers to nearly 2 million Sudanese people (i.e., about 5% of the population). To support this program in targeting beneficiaries to improve the poverty impact of the program, we develop a Proxy Mean Tests (PMT) for Sudan based on the National Household Budget and Poverty Survey (NHBPS) 2014/2015. The results indicate that the use of a PMT could considerably improve the program in reaching those most in need, while reducing expenditure towards those with adequate resources. This could improve both the poverty impact, as well as the sustainability of the program
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10241
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Towards a more Inclusive Economy : Understanding the Barriers Sudanese Women and Youth Face in Accessing Employment Opportunities (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Etang, Alvin Towards a more Inclusive Economy: Understanding the Barriers Sudanese Women and Youth Face in Accessing Employment Opportunities
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Female Labor Force Participation ; Gender ; Gender Bias ; Informality ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Market ; Oil Industry ; Roles ; Women in Agriculture ; Youth Employment
    Abstract: The provision and access to quality employment opportunities, especially for women and youth, is instrumental in achieving inclusive growth and more effective development outcomes. However, women and youth are particularly disadvantaged in the Sudanese labor market. Understanding gender- and youth-specific issues can help identify entry points for greater employment opportunities for women and youth in Sudan. They can also help shape actions for enhanced growth and sustainability. The objective of this study, which builds on mixed methods research, is to contribute to a better understanding of the current situation, challenges, and constraints that women and youth face in accessing employment opportunities. To identify and examine these challenges and constraints, the study applies a conceptual framework derived from the World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development analytical framework. More specifically, the study examines the role of informal institutions, formal institutions, and markets as they relate to employment-related outcomes for women and youth in Sudan. The study analyzes how these aspects influence intra-household decision-making processes, especially as they relate to the participation of women and youth in the economic sphere. These decisions directly affect individual-level endowments and agency, including access to economic opportunities. The study documents that Sudanese customs and norms affect women?s roles in society, and young people are less likely to participate in the labor force and be employed compared to adults. The findings call for policy actions to improve access of women and youth to employment opportunities
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10244
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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