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  • 1
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    Clearing the Air in India : The Economics of Climate Policy with Ancillary Benefits (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.182
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: With the aid of a computable general equilibrium model, this paper estimates for India the magnitude of spillovers from limiting growth of greenhouse gas emissions to local air quality and the health of the urban population. The most important spillovers are reductions in emissions of particulates with associated declines in mortality and morbidity. By valuing these spillovers (or ancillary benefits), we can compare them with the welfare costs of climate policy, estimating that — on conservative assumptions — emissions could be reduced by somewhat more than 10 per cent from their 2010 baseline level without incurring net costs. With central estimates of substitution elasticities and willingness-to-pay for health improvements, “no regrets” abatement could reach around 17-18 per cent of baseline emissions. The analysis also permits assessment of the inter-regional variation in costs and benefits, finding that abatement costs are relatively low and ancillary benefits high in North and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/088226224463
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
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    Poverty Reduction Strategies in a Budget-Constrained Economy : The Case of Ghana (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.220
    Keywords: Development ; Ghana
    Abstract: Analyses of responses to reforms in Ghana seem to indicate that current policies may be benefiting different segments of society disproportionately. Also, experience in the 1990s suggests that recurring budget deficits may adversely affect reform and poverty alleviation programmes. The aim of this paper is to carry out some experiments using variants of a stylised CGE model, to ascertain the possible effects on poverty of a range of budget-neutral redistributive income transfers. The analysis is based on a social accounting matrix (SAM) for Ghana for the year 1993, which has been substantially modified for the present application. The CGE model is a real-side, static model and therefore excludes the monetary and financial sectors and is designed in the tradition of other OECD Development Centre models. The experimental design follows one employed by Adelman and Robinson (1978) for Korea, and Chia et al. (1992) for the Côte d’Ivoire. However the experiments are designed with a view ...
    DOI: 10.1787/083265263465
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  • 3
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    A Multi-Region Social Accounting Matrix (1995) and Regional Environmental General Equilibrium Model for India (REGEMI) (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.213
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: This technical paper presents the complete technical specification of the current version of the RE-GEM (Regional and Environmental General Equilibrium Model) for India. The document lists all the key structural and behavioural equations, providing a justification for the chosen model specification. In addition, a complete description is provided of the estimation methods and the sources of the Indian data used in the model; an aggregated version of the Indian regional Social Accounting Matrix we constructed is appended to this document. The object is to inform in the most detailed way possible researchers interested in building on the OECD’s modelling effort, and to provide a useful tool for informing the debate on the economics of environmental policy in developing countries ...
    DOI: 10.1787/086028786614
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  • 4
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    Globalisation in Developing Countries : The Role of Transaction Costs in Explaining Economic Performance in India (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.219
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: The quest for large numbers has been going on for some time in international trade economics: models of trade liberalisation have consistently produced results that, compared ex post with real world data, show the right sign but the “wrong” magnitudes. This paper proposes a new approach by considering transaction costs reductions as an important factor explaining developing countries’ actual performances. Rather than presenting econometric estimates of transaction costs from reduced form equations, this study explicitly introduces transaction costs in a system of structural form equations to build a general equilibrium simulation model. A clear mapping of the analytical channels through which changes of transaction costs affect the economic results is thus a primary objective. Additionally to the effect on aggregate income, the large number issue, this paper examines how transaction costs influence income distribution. Numerical simulations based on India are presented ...
    DOI: 10.1787/168464882170
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  • 5
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    How Globalisation Improves Governance (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.181
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Globalisation, governance and economic performance affect each other in very complex mutual relationships. In this paper, we establish a clear and well-circumscribed hypothesis: “is there an effect of globalisation on governance?” To test this hypothesis or, even more specifically, to test how openness can affect the quality of domestic institutions, we survey available theoretical explanations of causal relationships between globalisation and governance. Microeconomic theory helps us identify trade policy, competition by foreign producers and international investors, and openness-related differences in institution building costs and benefits, as three major transmission mechanisms through which openness affects a country’s corruption levels. Examining a large sample of countries covering a 20-year long period, we found robust empirical support for the fact that increases in import openness do indeed cause reductions in corruption, a crucial aspect of governance. The magnitude of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/774554632487
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  • 6
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    Politiques de l'environnement et libéralisation des échanges au Costa Rica : Une vue d'ensemble (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.110
    Keywords: Development ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: This paper analyses linkages between growth, trade and the environment in Costa Rica with a Computable General Equilibrium economy-wide model. The investigation considers trade liberalisation and environmental policy reform, and their impact on economic activity and polluting emissions. Environmental taxes are shown to have a small negative impact on growth while allowing a sharp decrease of emissions. Outward orientation promotes growth, but induces a risk of wholesale specialisation in “dirty” activities. Free trade, combined with appropriate effluent taxes, enhance factor reallocation towards competitive industries, and hence growth, while significantly abating emissions ...
    DOI: 10.1787/860648464467
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  • 7
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    A Detailed Input-Output Table for Morocco, 1990 (1993)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.90
    Keywords: Development ; Morocco
    Abstract: This paper reports on the construction of an Input-Output table for the economy of Morocco. The table is calibrated to the year 1990 and details the interactions between 133 primary, manufacturing, and service sectors, relying on a combination of a more aggregate table estimated by the Moroccan government and detailed data from official sources. This table will form the core of a detailed social accounting matrix (SAM) currently under construction as part of the same work programme. Ultimately, the SAM will be incorporated into a general equilibrium model, to be used cooperatively by the Development Centre, the Moroccan government, and the World Bank for trade and resource policy analysis. This report describes in detail the construction of the Input-Output table, presents the table in its entirety, and provides some preliminary multiplier estimates elucidating the links between Moroccan agriculture and the rest of the economy ...
    DOI: 10.1787/663051037026
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  • 8
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    Globalisation and Poverty Changes in Colombia (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.226
    Keywords: Development ; Colombia
    Abstract: Assessing the final impact of globalisation on poverty is a difficult task: i) globalisation affects poverty through numerous channels; ii) some linkages are positive and some are negative and therefore cannot be analysed qualitatively but require quantitative assessments, i.e. formal numerical models; and iii) trade expansion and growth (key aspects of globalisation) are essentially macro phenomena, whereas poverty is fundamentally a micro phenomenon. In this paper we use a new method that combines a micro-simulation model and a standard CGE model. These two models are used in a sequential fashion (as in a recent paper by Robilliard et al., 2002). The CGE model and the micro-simulation model are calibrated using a recent SAM and household survey for Colombia and together they capture the structural features of the economy and its detailed income generation mechanisms. We use this framework to analyse the important income distribution and poverty changes occurred with the great ...
    DOI: 10.1787/652528552076
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