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  • 2000-2004  (2,804)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (2,804)
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Year
  • 101
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 147-170
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 2, p. 147-170
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The objective of this article is to reassess the validity of the consumer confidence (or sentiment) indices in anticipating the evolution of economic activity by considering a fairly high number of countries across the world (i.e. France, Germany, Italy, UK, USA, Japan, Canada and Australia) over a period of about thirty years, from the beginning of the seventies till the end of 2002 (quarterly data). To our knowledge this is the first attempt to analyse the consumer confidence index for several countries over such a long period of time. We model the CSIoutput relationship in a cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) framework, by considering a common set of variables for all countries. Our findings suggest that: (a) what appears to be the main driving forces of consumer confidence cannot be simply summarised on the basis of ...
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  • 102
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 21-28
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 11 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Institutional Autonomy Versus Government Control The New University Act in Austria
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 21-28
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: A la suite de longs débats, le gouvernement de l’Autriche a établi un texte de loi qui accordera aux universités un statut de semi-autonomie. Cette réforme est le changement le plus marqué du système universitaire depuis 150 ans et a été précédée par un changement tout aussi essentiel du statut du corps enseignant et des autres catégories de personnel, qui prévoit la suppression du statut de fonctionnaire pour tous les futurs engagements. Parmi les principales questions ayant fait l’objet de discussions entre la Conférence des recteurs, les organisations représentant le corps enseignant et les autres catégories de personnel et le ministère, citons l’équilibre des pouvoirs entre les établissements, les représentants extérieurs et le ministère, ainsi que l’importance de la tutelle exercée par le ministère. De l’avis des établissements, ce texte de loi est très nettement favorable au ministère, et laisse au corps enseignant trop peu de possibilités de prendre des initiatives et de participer à des groupes centraux de pilotage...
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  • 103
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Irlande - Des écoles économes en énergie
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Out of a commitment to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, Ireland’s Department of Education and Science has designed and constructed two low energy schools, in Tullamore, County Offaly, and Raheen, County Laois. With energy use in buildings responsible for approximately 55% of the CO2 released into the atmosphere and a major contributor to global warming, the Department researched the latest construction techniques and systems that lower energy consumption.
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  • 104
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-42
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réflexion du CAD sur la reconstruction en Irak
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 7-42
    Keywords: Development ; Iraq
    Abstract: This part provides the background paper, the agenda and the summary of the OECD DAC meeting ‘Reflection on Reconstruction in Iraq’, held in Paris on 21-22 July 2003. The reflection provided a forum for an informal exchange of views on the challenges to relief, recovery and reconstruction in Iraq...
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  • 105
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 89-164
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 77 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Media Mergers: Background Note
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 89-164
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: La question de savoir à qui appartiennent nos journaux, notre télévision et notre radio est essentielle pour une démocratie. Les informations et les opinions dans lesquelles nous puisons doivent refléter une diversité de voix et de points de vue si nous voulons être en mesure de comprendre les problèmes de l’heure et d’en débattre. La mission des pouvoirs publics consiste à définir un régime de propriété des médias qui protège cette pluralité des voix et encourage une diversité de contenu tout en favorisant le marché le plus compétitif pour les entreprises des médias et en attirant de nouveaux investissements ...
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  • 106
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 29 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Integrating ICT in Development Programmes: Joint OECD/United Nations/World Bank Global Forum on the Knolwedge Economy, 4-5 March 2003
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 5-27
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Un large accord se dégage pour dire que les technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) peuvent apporter une grande contribution à la lutte contre la pauvreté et à la réalisation des objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD). IL s’agit maintenant de les intégrer efficacement dans les plans nationaux de développement et les programmes des donneurs, et de mieux coordonner les efforts déployés par les différents donneurs dans ce domaine. Il faudrait également assurer un partage des connaissances concernant les formules « qui marchent » et les raisons de leur succès...
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  • 107
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 7-93
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 89 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Influence of Policies on Trade and Foreign Direct Investment
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 7-93
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ce document évalue l’importance des politiques frontalières et non frontalières pour l’intégration économique mondiale. L’étude est axée sur quatre orientations largement préconisées : supprimer les restrictions explicites du commerce et de l’IDE ; promouvoir la concurrence intérieure ; améliorer la réactivité du marché du travail ; mettre en place des équipements infrastructurels de niveau approprié. L’analyse, qui couvre l’IDE et les échanges de biens et services, s’efforce de rendre compte des principaux mécanismes de mondialisation et de traiter la plupart des modes de fourniture de services transfrontières. En dépit d’une libéralisation généralisée ces deux dernières décennies, il apparaît possible de réduire encore les obstacles de politique économique à l’intégration des marchés de l’OCDE. Les barrières qui subsistent ont un impact notable sur les flux bilatéraux d’échanges et d’IDE, et les estimations donnent à penser que les réglementations intérieures anticoncurrentielles et les dispositions restrictives du marché du travail entravent l’intégration tout autant que les restrictions explicites du commerce et de l’IDE. A en juger par des scénarios de suppression de ces obstacles, une libéralisation plus poussée des échanges, de l’IDE et des marchés intérieurs des produits et du travail pourrait avoir des effets quantitatifs considérables sur l’intégration internationale ...
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  • 108
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: US plant level studies show US multinational enterprises (MNE) are more productive than other MNEs. This could reflect US productivity leadership or could be due to the ease in which US firms operate in their home surroundings. The evidence would therefore be more compelling if US firms were leaders outside the US. We study the productivity of plants owned by US firms located in the UK. Our study differs from many studies of foreign owned plants in three ways. Firstly, using a newly available dataset we can identify not only foreign but also domestic MNEs. We find that UK MNEs are less productive than US owned plants, but as productive as non US foreign owned plants. Secondly, having a panel dataset we distinguish between different hypotheses regarding the nature of the US and MNE advantage. We find strong evidence that the US advantage lies in the ability to takeover already productive plants. Whereas we find some evidence for a shared asset effect for MNEs in general we do not find any evidence that the US advantage is driven by superior shares assets. Thirdly, this paper features a novel approach to TFP calculation.
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  • 109
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union
    Abstract: Macro-based effective tax rate (ETR) measures do not provide information on the level or distribution of marginal effective tax rates thought to influence household behaviour. They also do not capture differences in average ETRs facing different population sub-groups. I use EUROMOD, an EUwide tax-benefit model, to derive distributions of average and marginal ETR measures for fourteen countries. Results for each country show how many and which types of individuals face different ETR levels. I consider effective tax burdens on labour income as well as the marginal tax rates faced by working men and women. Results are broken down to isolate the influence of income taxes, social contributions and various types of social benefits ...
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  • 110
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers un Accord de libre-échange en Asie de l'Est
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The inaugural Policy Insight, "Towards an East Asian Free Trade Area", by Shujiro Urata, looks at the progress towards and consequences of an East Asian FTA, not only for the region itself, but also the world economy and for non members of the FTA. It discusses a topic of immediate relevance to current evolutions in the world trading system, particularly with regard to the position of China and the dynamic economies of the region.
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  • 111
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland
    Abstract: This paper analyses the Irish private health insurance (PHI) market. It describes how PHI interacts with the public system, and assesses its contribution to equity, efficiency and responsiveness of the health system. The analysis identifies some of the factors affecting insurance market performance and its impact on the health system, including market characteristics, the regulatory and fiscal environment, health system organisation, and any actors’ incentives and behaviours. PHI plays a prominent role in Ireland. The health system is designed to offer comprehensive publicly funded health services to low-income groups, and universal public hospital coverage. Policies have encouraged the development of PHI to provide all individuals with a private alternative to the public system, as well as a means of funding cost-sharing and services not covered by the public system. With the implementation of the requirements of the Third EU Non-Life Directive, the PHI market, historically ...
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  • 112
    Language: English
    Pages: 149 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.16
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The purpose of the System of Health Accounts Changes in health systems and concomitant health policy questions have been challenging the traditional system of health expenditure statistics over the last couple of decades. What are the major factors accounting for health expenditure growth? What factors explain the differences between countries in expenditure growth? How to ensure sustainable financing? What are the major factors accounting for the differences in the structure of health spending? How are the changes in health spending structure and the performance of health systems related? In order to answer such questions, reliable, comparable and appropriately detailed health expenditure data are required. The System of Health Accounts intends to provide the foundation for health statistics that are able to meet these challenges. Box 1 What is the System of Health Accounts? The System of Health Accounts (SHA) proposes an integrated system of comprehensive and internationally ...
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  • 113
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 57-140
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du droit et de la politique de la concurrence au Royaume-Uni
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 57-140
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The unusually complex competition policy institutions of the UK include a Commission that is concerned about the “public interest” in monopolies and market practices, the Director General of Fair Trading who enforces a competition law that is now modelled on European law, and many regulators who are also responsible for enforcing the same competition law in their sectors. Stronger powers under the Competition Act 1998 make enforcement more credible now, but still more changes are likely, notably concerning mergers and monopolies...
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  • 114
    Language: French
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relationships between International Investment Agreements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les accords bilatéraux, régionaux et multilatéral se sont multipliés ces dix à vingt dernières années et de nouveaux accords sont actuellement négociés. Il est donc quasiment certain que, pendant quelque temps encore, il continuera de coexister des accords relatifs à l’investissement international présentant des modalités différentes et conclus par des groupes de pays différents, qui se chevaucheront plus ou moins. Il importe par conséquent de comprendre comment ces accords continueront d’interagir et comment gérer harmonieusement ces chevauchements et ces différences. La présente étude, compte dûment tenu de la complexité des questions, a pour but de faire mieux comprendre les relations entre les accords internationaux sur l’investissement (AII) à partir d’une analyse des principaux accords de ce type et de l’expérience accumulée par l’OCDE concernant la relation entre ses propres instruments et les autres accords existants.1 Le plan de l’étude est le suivant ...
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  • 115
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 203-340
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 138 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Review of Sectoral Reforms in the United Kingdom: Energy and the Professions
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 203-340
    Keywords: Governance ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Ce rapport analyse le cadre institutionnel et l’utilisation des instruments de politique sur la réforme réglementaire dans les secteurs du gaz et de l’électricité, ainsi que dans le secteur des professions libérales au Royaume Uni. Dans le secteur de l’énergie, le rythme et le champ de la réforme ont été, et continueront, à être très rapides. Cependant, il existe des tensions entre le régulateur compétent et l’autorité de concurrence, et certains problèmes particuliers de nature réglementaire résultent de l’extension d’un cadre de marché à des domaines précédemment contrôlés par une réglementation de monopole naturel traditionnel. De même l’interface entre la réglementation du marché de l’énergie et les questions sociales et d’environnement parait floue. Le rapport traite également des professions libérales, une composante significative du secteur des services qui est florissant au Royaume Uni. Il débat du processus et des résultats de la récente extension de la législation de la concurrence ...
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  • 116
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-69
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Politique et droit de la concurrence en Afrique du Sud
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-69
    Keywords: Governance ; South Africa
    Abstract: One of the elements of South Africa’s peaceful revolution over the last decade was reform of its competition policy institutions. The previous system had supported the previous economic system, characterised by autarky, protection, government direction, and high concentration. The new system promised to use competition policy to correct the faults of the old system and to promote policy goals of employment and empowerment. South Africa aspires to a modern competition policy regime, to deal with the well-resourced sophistication of much of the South African economy. Its new institutions, whose novelty responds in large part to the post-1994 imperative for fundamental restructuring of government institutions, have shown a capacity to deal confidently with complex structural issues in deciding dozens of merger cases. A legalistic business and government culture has challenged these new bodies to prove their competence and tested their jurisdiction. Now that the merger review process has been established, more attention should be paid to non-merger matters and probably to advocacy as well. Resources are stretched, and there is a critical need to improve the depth and strengthen the capacity of the professional staff. Maintaining consistent competition policy in regulated sectors will requiring reinforcing the relationships with sectoral regulators ...
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  • 117
    ISBN: 9789264071162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432; Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to evaluate photo-cytotoxicity by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the chemical in the presence versus absence of light. Balb/c 3T3 cells are maintained in culture for 24 h for formation of monolayers. Two 96-well plates are pre-incubated with eight different concentrations of the test substance for 1 h. Thereafter one of the two plates is exposed to the highest non-cytotoxic irradiation dose whereas the other plate is kept in the dark. Cytotoxicity in this test is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the Vital dye Neutral Red (NR) when measured 24 hours after treatment with the test chemical and irradiation. NR penetrates cell membranes by non-diffusion, accumulating in lysosomes. Alterations of the cell surface of the sensitive lysosomal membrane lead to lysosomal fragility and other changes that gradually become irreversible. Such changes result in a decreased uptake and binding of NR. It is thus possible to distinguish between viable, damaged or dead cells. To predict the phototoxic potential, the concentration responses obtained in the presence and in the absence of irradiation are compared, usually at the IC50 level, i.e., the concentration reducing cell viability to 50 % compared to the untreated controls. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
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  • 118
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-79
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 74 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition Law and Policy in South Africa
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 7-79
    Keywords: Governance ; South Africa
    Abstract: L’un des éléments de la révolution pacifique de l’Afrique du Sud au cours de la dernière décennie est la réforme de ses institutions de politique de la concurrence. Le système précédent avait appuyé un régime économique caractérisé par l’autarcie, la protection, le dirigisme et une forte concentration. Le nouveau dispositif comporte deux grands axes : utiliser la politique de la concurrence pour corriger les défauts de l’ancien système et promouvoir les objectifs généraux d’emploi et de partage du pouvoir économique. L’Afrique du Sud aspire à un régime de politique de la concurrence moderne, à la hauteur d’une économie dont une bonne partie est bien dotée en ressources. Les nouvelles instances de la concurrence, répondant dans une large mesure à la nécessité d’opérer à partir de 1994 une restructuration fondamentale des institutions publiques, ont fait la preuve de leur capacité à traiter des questions structurelles complexes lorsqu’il s’est agi de se prononcer sur un grand nombre de fusions. L’extrême juridisme qui régnait dans l’administration et les entreprises a mis ces nouvelles instances au défi de prouver leur savoir-faire et a testé leurs prérogatives. Maintenant que la procédure d’examen des fusions a été mise en place, il conviendrait de prêter davantage attention aux questions autres que les fusions et, probablement aussi à la promotion de la concurrence. Les ressources sont limitées et il est crucial d’élargir et de renforcer les compétences du personnel professionnel. Pour maintenir une politique de la concurrence cohérente dans les secteurs régulés, il est indispensable de consolider les liens avec les organismes sectoriels de régulation ...
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  • 119
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.6
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Japan
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the sixth in this series, presenting the Japanese SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 120
    ISBN: 9789264299184
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Investment Perspectives 2002
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  • 121
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.2
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Organisation des negociations fondées sur le principe des "offres et requêtes" dans le cadre de l'AGCS : Le cas des services juridiques
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study forms part of on-going OECD work on trade in services, in co-operation with UNCTAD, aimed at assisting WTO Members in managing request-offer negotiations under the GATS. The key objective is to help officials of WTO Members in both gaining a greater insight into the particular issues of importance in the legal services sector and how they might be approached in the negotiations. While only modest liberalisation of legal services trade was achieved during the Uruguay Round, the current negotiations offer the opportunity to achieve greater levels of liberalisation, which may lead to significant economic benefits to all countries. In addition, the peculiar characteristic of legal services is that the potential downsides stemming from liberalisation — both in terms of market failures to achieve social objectives and of the displacement of local suppliers — are likely to be less significant in these services.
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  • 122
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.235
    Keywords: Development ; India ; Kenya ; Sudan ; Tunisia
    Abstract: The institutional framework of a country plays a determining role in the well-being of the women who live in it. This paper examines the cases of four case countries: India, Kenya, Sudan and Tunisia. In each of these case studies, the status of women has been analysed along with the reforms that have been implemented to improve it. Comparisons between the four countries have brought to light several obstacles to change in the institutional framework such as age-old traditions, religion, economic interests and parliamentary opposition. Where there are important initial obstacles, the government’s room for manoeuvre is limited, particularly in the short-term since magistrates, administrations, media and families often endeavour to postpone the application of new, more inclusive, laws. There are, however, examples of successful reform efforts. These successes are generally attributable to the presence of numerous women in parliament and government and in the legal service, the ...
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  • 123
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concevoir les environnements d'apprentissage du XXIe siècle
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The seminar on “Creating 21st Century Learning Environments” was organised by the United Kingdom’s Department for Education and Skills (DfES) and the OECD Programme on Educational Building (PEB). Two presentations from the United Kingdom are described here.
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  • 124
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La norme du traitement juste et équitable dans le droit international des investissements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The obligation to provide “fair and equitable treatment” is often stated, together with other standards, as part of the protection due to foreign direct investment by host countries. It is an “absolute”, “non-contingent” standard of treatment, i.e. a standard that states the treatment to be accorded in terms whose exact meaning has to be determined, by reference to specific circumstances of application, as opposed to the “relative” standards embodied in “national treatment” and “most favoured nation” principles which define the required treatment by reference to the treatment accorded to other investment1. Although some references to the standard can be found in the first negotiating attempts of multilateral trade and investment instruments, it became established as a principle mainly through the increasing network of bilateral investment treaties. The obligation of the parties to investment agreements to provide to each other’s investments “fair and equitable treatment” ...
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  • 125
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 51-108
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les femmes sur le marché du travail : Évidence empirique sur le rôle des politiques économiques et autres déterminants dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 51-108
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of female labour force participation in OECD countries. The econometric analysis uses a panel data set covering 17 OECD countries over the period 1985-1999, and distinguishes between part-time and full-time female participation rates. It shows a positive impact on female participation of a more neutral tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leave. On the other hand, child benefits reduce female participation due to an income effect and their lump-sum character. Female education, the general labour market conditions, and cultural attitudes remain major determinants of female participation. Simulations illustrate the potentially significant impact that some of the examined policies could exert on female participation ...
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  • 126
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 51-121
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 72 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Central Africa and the Cross-border Regions: Reconstruction and Integration Prospects
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 51-121
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette étude montre quel est le potentiel des dynamiques régionales autour de trois grands bassins de l'Afrique Centrale: le bassin Nord-Ouest (Océan Atlantique), le bassin Est (Océan Indien) et le bassin Sud (Afrique Australe). Elle sert d'appui à l'Initiative pour l'Afrique Centrale (INICA) qui est un espace informel de dialogue et une passerelle entre le local et le régional dont le but est de soutenir les acteurs régionaux qui développent des initiatives favorables au retour de la stabilité et de la paix dans la région....
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  • 127
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Afrique Centrale et les régions transfrontalières : Perspectives de reconstruction et d'intégration
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The study in question shows the potential embodied in the regional forces around three large Central African basins: the North West basin (Atlantic Ocean), the East basin (Indian Ocean) and the South basin (southern Africa). It serves as a back-up to the Initiative for Central Africa (INICA) which is an informal framework for dialogue and a bridge between the local and regional levels, the aim of which is to provide backing for regional actors who develop initiatives conducive to a return to peace and stability in the region...
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  • 128
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.392
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: After nearly fifteen years of transition, the countries of Central Europe have entered the European Union on 1 May 2004. For the four countries that are members of the OECD (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovak Republic), accession follows multiyear efforts of economic stabilisation and structural transformation, which have brought them large benefits. Although convergence towards higher levels of income appears to be a distant prospect at current trend growth rates, this is not a predetermined outcome. The experience of prior entrants suggests that much leeway is available within the framework of the European Union to undertake pro-growth policies. The most promising prospect in this respect appears to reside with employment creation, which has been so far lacking and led to a rather imbalanced pattern of growth. Bringing down labour taxes, easing employment protection legislation and reducing out-of-work benefits would make important contributions in this respect. While ...
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  • 129
    ISBN: 9789264101982
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews; China 2003; Progress and Reform Challenges
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Depuis que le gouvernement chinois s’est engagé à réformer l’économie du pays en l’ouvrant aux échanges et aux investissements internationaux, la Chine est devenue l’une des principales destinations de l’investissement direct étranger (IDE). Ces flux de capitaux, qui ont accéléré depuis l’adhésion de la Chine à l’OMC en 2001, ont contribué à dynamiser la croissance économique et la modernisation. L’IDE en provenance des pays de l’OCDE pourrait toutefois être bien supérieur encore, en termes tant quantitatifs que qualitatifs : investissements à plus long terme, davantage d’investissements dans les hautes technologies, investissements à plus forte valeur ajoutée. Cette étude évalue les efforts accomplis jusqu’à présent pour créer des conditions propices à attirer l’IDE et à en maximiser les avantages. Elle propose également de nouvelles options pour rendre les politiques encore plus efficaces. A l’origine, les investisseurs étrangers venaient en Chine attirés par les prix de la main-d’œuvre et des biens fonciers, par les promesses d’un marché très large et, jusqu’à un certain point, par des incitations fiscales. Mais pour maintenir et développer des flux d’IDE à l’échelle des besoins, il serait maintenant avisé de passer à une stratégie d’appel plus fortement basée sur des règles. Celle-ci s’appuierait sur des éléments structurels : un système juridique solide, une législation et une réglementation transparentes, des procédures d’autorisation simplifiées, une bonne gouvernance des entreprises, une politique de la concurrence efficace et un système financier fiable. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la coopération de l’OCDE avec les économies non membres.
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  • 130
    ISBN: 9789264020009
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
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  • 131
    ISBN: 9789264020382
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Privatisation en Afrique subsaharienne ; un état des lieux
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: This book examines recent progress made in the region’s privatisation effort in Sub-Saharan Africa. With cumulative proceeds of privatisation accounting for just $8 billion compared to $46 billion in transition economies over the same period, it is clearly still in its infancy. The report charts progress, outlines methods used, and questions whether the objectives have been achieved. It also examines the impact privatisation has had on alleviating poverty. It is for policy makers, advisers and donors and research institutes involved in the privatisation process.
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  • 132
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106420
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Czech Republic 2004
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: La République tchèque, à l'aube de l'adhésion à l'Union européenne, a connu une croissance relativement régulière et attiré un flux important d’investissements directs étrangers. L'un des défis majeurs auxquels la République tchèque doit faire face est de préserver le rôle de la région de la capitale de Prague et de ses environs comme moteurs de la croissance de l'économie nationale, tout en assurant un développement adéquat dans d'autres régions. Cette étude examine les sujets suivants : le chômage, l’aide à l’entreprenariat et l’adaptation aux nouvelles technologies ainsi que les obstacles indirects à la mobilité du travail.
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  • 133
    ISBN: 9789264108264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 p.)
    Series Statement: Radiation Protection
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Since 1998, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency has been organising a series of workshops to address the various aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. These workshops have been instrumental in forging consensus and improving understanding of key issues in this area. Building on the experience of the first two "Villigen workshops", the third in the series extensively analysed three case studies, which covered the licensing of a new facility, the clean-up and release of an old facility, and the rehabilitation of a large, contaminated area. Consideration was given to the stakeholder involvement processes that had been used, and the implications that that these did or could have on radiological protection policy, regulation and application. The workshop papers analysing these processes and implications are presented in these proceedings, which should provide valuable examples and lessons for governments, regulators and practitioners.
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  • 134
    ISBN: 9789264106529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le contrôle réglementaire de la gestion des déchets radioactifs ; panorama de 15 pays membres de l'AEN
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Regulators are major stakeholders in the decision-making process for radioactive waste management. The NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) has recognised the value of exchanging and comparing information about national regulatory practices and having an informal, international network for discussing issues of common concern. The RWMC Regulators’ Forum provides considerable opportunity for such activities. This report presents the initial results of the Forum’s work. Information is given for 15 NEA member countries in a format that allows easy accessibility to specific aspects and comparison between different countries. It includes an array of facts about national policies for radioactive waste management, institutional frameworks, legislative and regulatory frameworks, available guidance, classification and sources of waste and the status of waste management. It also provides an overview of current issues being addressed and related R&D programmes.
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  • 135
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264015067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseignement supérieur ; internationalisation et commerce
    Keywords: Education ; Trade
    Abstract: This book brings together up-to-date statistics, case studies and policy reports on the major trends and developments in cross-border post-secondary education in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. Topics covered include policy initiatives to promote cross-border post-secondary education; rationales for delivering or receiving cross-border education services; size and growth of cross-border post-secondary education in terms of student mobility, programme mobility, and institutional mobility (international branch campuses); assessment of the possible impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO); and challenges facing cross-border post-secondary education such as quality assurance and recognition of qualifications, cost and financing, equity of access, trade agreements, capacity building in receiving countries, mobility personnel, and cultural diversity.
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  • 136
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analyse conjointe de l'appropriation et du partenariat en Tanzanie : Examen comparatif des programmes d'aide du Danemark, de la Finlande, de l'Irlande et du Japon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 111-176
    Keywords: Development ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: This Joint Assessment compares the strengths of four donors in Tanzania, namely Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Japan, as well as the challenges facing them, and makes observations on their aid programmes. The aim of the Joint Assessment of these four donors (2-13 March 2003) was to understand the way in which the implementation of donors’ partnership strategies contributes to country ownership. The paper looks at the challenges for donors posed by the Tanzanian aid co-ordination mechanisms, which strongly promote Tanzanian ownership of the development programme. It concludes with a series of lessons for DAC donors...
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  • 137
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 9-19
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 16 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Teaching and Research: Some Framework Issues
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 9-19
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: On évalue dans cet article quelques-unes des questions fondamentales qui concernent les grandes orientations et les prestations, et retentissent sur les rapports entre l’enseignement et la recherche dans l’enseignement supérieur. Le postulat d’un rapport essentiel entre l’enseignement et la recherche est battu en brèche depuis quelques années par l’ampleur même du système. Malgré l’attrait durable du modèle humboldtien, il n’a pas toujours été adopté au Royaume-Uni et ne l’est pas du tout dans maints autres systèmes. Les arguments pour et contre ce rapport sont notés et évalués. Les arguments favorables concernent surtout les avantages pour la recherche ; les arguments relevant de l’enseignement sont plus difficiles à spécifier. Ces deux séries de considérations impliquent ...
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  • 138
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/08
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document reflects recent efforts made by the OECD to obtain an accurate assessment of the current state of biotechnology statistics in OECD member and observer countries. It is an update of the original document, which was released in 2000. The inventory was prepared by Brigitte van Beuzekom of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, and benefited from contributions of the delegates involved in the OECD Ad hoc Meeting on Biotechnology Statistics. Comments are welcome and should be sent by e-mail to Brigitte van Beuzekom [e-mail: brigitte.vanbeuzekomoecd.org] ...
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  • 139
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 43-69
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 43-69
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Interest rates play a key role in free market economies. According to the Taylor rule, shortterm interest rates depend on deviations of the current inflation rate from a normative value and of the output gap. Given the difficulty of observing the output gap, we postulate that alternative indicators of pressure on capacity should be monitored, especially those obtained from business surveys. Primarily, our work compares those empirically observed capacity utilization figures (CU) with the difference between actual and potential GDP, and tries to assess monetary policy on the basis of these indicators. The analysis of monetary policy is done in the first case by using a simple single equation framework and in a next step by using a more advanced vector autoregressive model. Given the fact that the survey measure of output gap captures only manufacturing and thus omits the important service sector which has a high share in value added we constructed a more comprehensive measure of capacity utilization (CU*). The new indicator is based on CU in manufacturing industry and on the confidence indicator for services...
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  • 140
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.21
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Most Western countries have a long tradition of employment service provision by public bodies and non-profit organisations, but not by for-profit organisations. The creation of a quasi-market arrangement is not a simple choice for government. This paper underscores the difficulties and discusses design options. It calls for a complex balancing act between regulation and the creation of room for market competition, between old and new instruments and procedures, and between efficiency and equity. It identifies as two key issues the need to actively create sufficient room for market competition, and the need for "positive creaming" which encourages providers to concentrate their efforts on the most disadvantaged target groups. The paper starts by stating the principles and preconditions for market competition, with a focus on possible quasi-market arrangements for strengthening service provision for the long-term unemployed in Flanders. It sets out four models for contracting with ...
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  • 141
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.232
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The present level of ODA falls short of the amount needed to finance the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The figure of additional $50 billion per year, roughly the present total of ODA spent by DAC donors, is often quoted (e.g. by the Zedillo Report); it results from the sum of the fight against communicable diseases ($ 7-10 billion), primary schooling ($10 billion), infant and maternal mortality ($12 billion) and halving world poverty ($20 billion). The scarcity of public resources raises the importance of investing in international public goods as the cost of lifting one person out of income poverty, for example through agricultural research and global trade expansion, is estimated to be much lower than the cost of the same impact through traditional aid to poor countries. This raises important issues for donor strategies, in particular principles of aid allocation, which this paper aims to address. First, should aid be partly earmarked towards international public goods? ...
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  • 142
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des actifs des établissements d'enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand’s special funding system allows state schools a greater level of independence in managing their property compared to most other countries. Schools receive a fixed budget as an entitlement from the three “pots” of the educational property funding structure. The government’s unique use of accrual accounting together with a new Five-Year Property Plan agreement gives schools a high degree of certainty of the property funding available, as well as responsibility for deciding how to modernise their own buildings.
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  • 143
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 81-103
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 28 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systemic Responsiveness in Tertiary Education: An Agenda for Reform
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 81-103
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Ces dernières année, l’auteur a mené 126 entretiens et organisé quatre groupes de discussion avec des universitaires, des administrateurs et d’autres personnes ayant un lien avec des universités australiennes au sujet des problèmes et des enjeux auxquels, selon eux, le système d’enseignement supérieur est confronté. Inquiétude et pessimisme ont dominé les entretiens consacrés à l’avenir de l’enseignement supérieur en Australie. Parmi les personnes interrogées, trois sur quatre environ estimaient que le système était pire, ou en tout cas pas meilleur, que dix ans auparavant. Une proportion analogue avait peu d’espoir que le système s’améliore au cours des dix années suivantes, à supposer qu’il ne se dégrade pas davantage. Dans cet article l’auteur décrit ce qu’il considère comme étant des obstacles ...
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  • 144
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 73-93
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capacité d'adaptation générale dans l'enseignement supérieur : Programme de réforme
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 73-93
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Over the last several years the author conducted 126 interviews and held four focus groups with academic staff, administrators and others associated with Australian universities, about the problems and challenges they believed faced the system of tertiary education. Widespread concern and pessimism pervaded the interviews about the future of tertiary education in Australia. Approximately three quarters of the interviewees said that the system was worse, or certainly no better, today than a decade ago; a similar number held out little hope that the system would improve, if not deteriorate further, in a decade. In this article the author outlines what he sees as systemic barriers to change and then offers suggestions for ...
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  • 145
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
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  • 146
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 9 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Development Assistance Committee High Level Meeting, 22-23 April 2003: Press Statement by the Chairman, Mr. Jean-Claude Faure
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 3-7
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les ministres de la coopération pour le développement et les responsables des organismes d'aide se sont retrouvés à Paris les 22 et 23 avril 2003 pour la réunion annuelle à haut niveau du Comité d'aide au développement (CAD). Au moment où la communauté internationale du développement entreprend avec détermination de donner suite aux engagements souscrits à Doha, à Monterrey et à Johannesburg, les participants à la réunion à haut niveau du CAD ont concentré leur attention sur l'amélioration des politiques et des stratégies, des pratiques et des performances, qu'il faut poursuivre en appui à la réalisation des objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD), notamment à travers une réduction massive de la pauvreté. Persévérer dans cette voie est essentiel à un moment où des incertitudes préoccupantes affectent le climat économique et politique international...
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  • 147
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le traitement de la nation la plus favorisée dans le droit international des investissements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Bilateral and regional investment agreements have proliferated in the last decade and new ones are still being negotiated. Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) clauses link investment agreements by ensuring that the parties to one treaty provide treatment no less favourable than the treatment they provide under other treaties in areas covered by the clause. MFN clauses have thus become a significant instrument of economic liberalisation in the investment area. Moreover, by giving the investors of all the parties benefiting from a country’s MFN clause the right, in similar circumstances, to treatment no less favourable than a country’s closest or most influential partners can negotiate on the matters the clause covers, MFN avoids economic distortions that would occur through more selective country-by-country liberalisation. Such a treatment may result from the implementation of treaties, legislative or administrative acts of the country and also by mere practice ...
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  • 148
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Creating 21st Century Learning Environments
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: C’est sous l’égide du ministère de l’Éducation et des Compétences du Royaume-Uni (DfES) et du Programme de l’OCDE pour la construction et l’équipement de l’éducation (PEB) que s’est tenu le séminaire intitulé « Concevoir les environnements d’apprentissage du XXIe siècle ». Deux projets menés par le Royaume-Uni sont présentés ici.
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  • 149
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.4
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ajustement structurel dans les industries du textile et du vêtement dans l'environnement commercial de l'après - ATV
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study focuses on the adjustment challenges facing the textile and clothing industries across the globe. The analytical work was initially suggested during informal consultations between the OECD Trade Committee and Civil Society Organisations. It took two years of extensive discussions in the Working Party of the Trade Committee to deepen understanding of the issues and finalise the study...
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  • 150
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 99-117
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can Public Sector Organisations Learn?
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 99-117
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Ces dernières années, on s’est beaucoup préoccupé de la gestion de l’information dans les organisations, ainsi que les défis pour que celles-ci puissent s’en servir et s’adapter. Les organisations sont censées attacher de l’importance à l’information, pouvoir tirer les leçons de l’expérience et s’adapter aux circonstances nouvelles. Si la plupart des publications traitent essentiellement des organisations du secteur privé, les organisations du secteur public, et en particulier les administrations au sein desquelles s’exercent leurs activités, font l’objet d’importantes réformes et doivent relever des défis comparables...
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  • 151
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.81
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report on anti-spam legislation in OECD non-member countries was originally prepared for the Brussels OECD Workshop on Spam and was updated following the workshop to include more non-member country information in April 2004.
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  • 152
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 41-71
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Forum des partenaires au développement organisé par le CAD : Pour une gestion axée sur les résultats du développement et l'efficacité de l'aide
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 41-71
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This part of the publication contains the report on the DAC Development Partnership Forum “Managing for Development Results and Aid Effectiveness” (Paris, 11-12 December 2002). The purpose of the Forum was to bring together donors and partners to discuss experience in results-oriented reforms. The report focuses on the implications of the results agenda on public sector management, measurement and reporting issues, public accountability and Donor/Partner co-ordination...
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  • 153
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.10
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the tenth in this series, presenting the Polish SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 154
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 133-198
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 133-198
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: A reoccurring motif in pension literature and policy is the search for “benefit security” – that is, assurance to members of a pension regime that, at the end of the working career, they will get some reasonably predictable outcome, either as a pension (benefit stream) or a lump sum. The purpose of this note is to present a simple “thought experiment” to explore this matter and how market mechanisms might be brought more to bear...
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  • 155
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 137-153
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Management Reform: Reliable Knowledge and International Experience
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 3, p. 137-153
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Dans le présent document, je souhaite aborder certaines questions fondamentales concernant la nature des connaissances relatives à la réforme de la gestion publique, et en particulier sa transférabilité entre différents pays et contextes. Je m’intéresserai principalement au fait que les connaissances concernant ce qui fonctionne et ce qui ne fonctionne pas dépendent en général très largement du contexte, c’est-à-dire qu’une technique ou une structure organisationnelle qui porte ses fruits dans un endroit peut s’avérer un échec dans un autre. Ainsi, pour parler sans ambages, il n’existe pas de jeu d’outils généraux pouvant être transféré d’une administration à une autre à travers le monde avec la certitude qu’ils fonctionneront bien à chaque fois....
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  • 156
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.234
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Donor agencies and policy makers tend to agree that increased access of women to education, health, credit, formal legal rights and employment opportunities, in conjunction with economic growth, will substantially improve the socio-economic role of women in developing countries. This paper challenges that view. It argues that these measures might not be sufficient if the institutional framework within a country constrains women from participating in economic activities. It finds that social institutions — laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct — constitute the most important single factor determining women’s freedom of choice in economic activities. They have not only a direct impact on the economic role of women but also an indirect one through women’s access to resources like education and health care. The findings suggest that an institutional framework that disadvantages half of the adult population hinders development. To address gender inequalities effectively, policy ...
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  • 157
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.410
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This paper examines the state of the Russian banking sector in 2004 and assesses the most important reform initiatives of the last two years, including deposit insurance legislation, a major reform of the framework for prudential supervision, steps to increase transparency in the sector, and measures to facilitate the development of specific banking activities. The overall conclusion that emerges from this analysis is that the Russian authorities’ approach to banking reform is to be commended. The design of the reform strategy reflects an awareness of the need for a ‘good fit’ between its major elements, and the main lines of the reform address some of the principal problems of the sector. The major lacuna in the Russian bank reform strategy concerns the future of state-owned banks. Despite a long-standing official commitment to reducing the role of the state – and of the Bank of Russia in particular – in the ownership of credit institutions, there is still a need for a much more ...
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  • 158
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 29-43
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 18 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Incentives and Institutional Changes in Higher Education
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 29-43
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les systèmes éducatifs du monde entier continuent de dépendre en grande mesure des sources publiques de financement. Les dépenses consacrées à l’enseignement supérieur sont couvertes à près de 80 % par les fonds publics dans les pays de l’OCDE et cette proportion est plus forte encore dans les pays en développement. Nombre de pays s’efforcent actuellement de réduire cette dépendance vis-à-vis des crédits publics et de s’orienter vers des réformes plus fondées sur le jeu du marché. Ils doivent, pour ce faire, aménager le cadre des politiques macroéconomiques afin d’entraîner des changements au niveau des établissements. Les changements institutionnels peuvent être induits au moyen de « mandats » ou de « récompenses ». Les mandats exigent des établissements qu’ils adoptent une forme particulière de comportement institutionnel et s’assortissent d’une menace de sanctions en cas de non respect de ces directives. En revanche, les récompenses offrent des motivations et des incitations au changement. Récompenses et incitations prennent effet quand l’action des pouvoirs publics donne aux établissements la possibilité de choisir dans quel sens ils vont modifier leur comportement. La motivation d’un changement de comportement dépend d’une part, du niveau de performance qui conditionne l’attribution d’une récompense et d’autre part, de la récompense que l’on peut attendre de la réalisation de la tâche entreprise. En général, les mandats sont plus facilement respectés quand les établissements luttent pour survivre, alors qu’il est préférable de recourir aux incitations et aux récompenses quand les établissements s’efforcent de revivre et de se développer. On compte dans bon nombre de pays sur les systèmes d’incitations et de récompenses pour faire advenir les changements dans l’enseignement supérieur. Il est question dans cet article de la possibilité de faire changer les établissements grâce aux incitations....
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  • 159
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 185-200
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une harmonisation des estimations de l'investissement en logiciels
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 2, p. 185-200
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The latest system of national accounts (SNA93) recommended that purchases of software (and any ownaccount production) should be treated as investment as long as the acquisition satisfied conventional asset requirements. This change added about 1 per cent to GDP in most OECD economies in the mid-1990s. However, the range of the revision has been significantly different across countries, leading many observers to question the comparability of these statistics. An OECD task force has formulated a set of recommendations describing a harmonised method for estimating software and this paper provides estimates of changes to GDP levels and growth that might be expected if the OECD recommendations were applied. Estimates of changes are also presented using an alternative harmonised method. Whichever harmonised method is applied, the impact on GDP levels is likely to be significant, and in some countries about 1 per cent of GDP ...
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  • 160
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.237
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Natural disasters (droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, floods, wind storms) damage wellbeing, both in their immediate and long-term aftermath, and because the insecurity of exposure to disasters is in itself harmful to risk-averse people. As such, mitigating and coping with the risk of natural disasters is a pressing issue for economic development. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding natural disasters. Disasters, which imply tragic human costs, are distinguished from hazards, which are events like earthquakes or flooding: hazards only translate into disasters when societies are vulnerable to them. Consequently international development policy can play a role in reducing the costs of disasters by addressing vulnerability. A review of two recent disasters — the Turkish earthquakes of 1999, and Hurricane Mitch in 1998 — illustrates the importance of precarious urbanisation and environmental degradation for increased vulnerability to natural hazards. These cases ...
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  • 161
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This paper shows that China is catching up rapidly with other dynamic Asian economies and the Triad economies on a score of indicators relating to the knowledge-based economy. Taking into account that a number of measurement issues hamper international comparability to varying degrees, some of the main results are the following. • Economic growth in China has outpaced the other economies substantially. Nevertheless, GDP per capita is still considerably smaller than that of the other economies. • The main contributor to GDP in China is industry (mining; manufacturing; electricity, gas and water supply; and construction), which saw its share rise by 10 percentage points to 52% between 1990 and 2002. • Trade in goods as a percentage of GDP doubled between 1990 and 2002, reaching a level well above that of the Triad economies. The largest contribution to this expansion was made by...
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  • 162
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.13
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Dementia and its most common manifestation, Alzheimer’s disease, is a complex disorder that afflicts primarily the elderly, affecting an estimated 10 million people in OECD member countries. The complexity of the disease makes treating dementia extremely difficult, involving a wide variety of social and health care interventions. Typically, these two aspects of dementia care are examined separately. This paper adopts a conceptual model that examines both types of interventions and how they interact along the dementia care continuum. There are no effective health care treatments for stopping dementia, which is why the social care aspect plays an important role in treating the disease, with family members an integral part of this process. This paper shows that programs designed to help alleviate the burden of family members caring for a relative with dementia can have positive health benefits to both patient and family. In particular, the use of group-living, where dementia ...
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  • 163
    ISBN: 9789264101166
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on the United States 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on the United States 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; United States
    Abstract: Les États-Unis ont été le premier pays à mettre hors la loi les actes de corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales commis par leurs ressortissants et par les sociétés relevant de leur droit grâce à l’adoption du Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) de 1977. Vingt ans plus tard, les États-Unis ont signé, en compagnie de trente-quatre autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d’agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption). Le Congrès des États-Unis a réagi à la signature de la Convention en amendant le FCPA en octobre 1998. Par la suite, les États-Unis ont ratifié la Convention de l’OCDE et déposé leur instrument de ratification auprès de l’OCDE à la fin de 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place aux États-Unis pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par les États-Unis lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par les États-Unis des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 164
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.7
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the seventh in this series, presenting the Korean SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 165
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264106192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    DDC: 628.44
    RVK:
    Keywords: Environment ; Abfallbeseitigung ; Kostenmanagement ; Abfallpolitik ; Recycling ; Abfallvermeidung
    Abstract: The Workshop held by OECD in October 2003, in Paris, France, brought together leading experts to take stock of “the state of the art" on the economics of waste and to help select topics on which the OECD could usefully do additional work. The book comprises the Workshop papers by leading experts.
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  • 166
    ISBN: 9789264015494
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; France 2004; Charting a Clearer Way Forward
    Keywords: Governance ; France
    Abstract: Cet examen approfondi des politiques et institutions réglementaires de la France présente un panorama détaillé de la manière dont la réglementation a évolué en France ainsi qu’une évaluation des résultats obtenus. Des questions spécifiques, notamment la gouvernance réglementaire, la politique de la concurrence et l’ouverture des marchés ainsi que deux secteurs spécifiques – l’aviation civile et les télécommunications – sont traités dans des chapitres distincts. Chaque chapitre présente une liste d’actions envisageables. Le chapitre Performances et évaluation compare la France avec d’autres pays de l’OCDE et un appendice présente sous forme de tableaux l’évolution des réglementations sectorielles en France.
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  • 167
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016927
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
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  • 168
    ISBN: 9789264017955
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Denmark 2004; Lessons from PISA 2000
    Keywords: Education ; Denmark
    Abstract: Cette étude a été effectuée selon une approche expérimentale consistant à associer l’analyse des données de PISA et le processus d’examen par les pairs mis en œuvre à l’OCDE, afin de dégager des travaux de PISA des enseignements utiles à l’action gouvernementale, tout en renforçant l’analyse comparative à travers l’examen par les pairs.
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  • 169
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105188
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reviews of National Policies for Education; Bulgaria 2004
    Keywords: Education ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Ce livre propose un panorama du système éducatif bulgare et décrit son évolution depuis les changements politiques. Il fournit une analyse de l’ensemble du système éducatif et identifie les directions à prendre pour renforcer le processus de réforme à la lumière des défis auxquels sont confrontés, dans des conditions relativement difficiles, les représentants de l’État, les communautés, les entreprises, le personnel éducatif, les parents et les élèves.
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  • 170
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108615
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Sweden 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: Ce rapport consacré à la Suède évalue les progrès accomplis ou à faire dans la réduction de la charge polluante, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'intégration des politiques économique et environnementale et le renforcement de la coopération internationale. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales.
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  • 171
    Online Resource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264108653
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Spain 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analisis de los resultados medioambientales; España 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Spain
    Abstract: ESPAGNE Thèmes couverts : Gestion de l’environnementGestion de l’air, de l'eau Gestion de la nature et de la biodiversité Economie, social et environnementIntégration sectorielle : tourismeCoopération internationale Cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans le programme d'examens environnementaux concernant ses pays membres. Les efforts menés pour atteindre les objectifs nationaux et satisfaire aux engagements internationaux y sont évalués en détails. Les analyses s'appuient sur un large ensemble de données économiques et environnementales et conduisent à des recommandations sur les progrès à faire dans les domaines de l'environnement et du développement durable. Le premier cycle d'Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE de ses pays membres a été achevé en 2000. Le second cycle met l’accent sur la gestion de l’environnement, le développement durable et les engagements internationaux. Examens récents disponibles Australie 1998 Suisse 1998 Belgique 1998 République Tchèque 1999 Danemark 1999 Fédération de Russie* 1999 Turquie 1999 Hongrie 2000 Grèce 2000 Irlande 2000 Luxembourg 2000 Pays de l'OCDE 2001 Allemagne 2001 Islande 2001 Norvège 2001 Portugal 2001 République Slovaque 2002 Japon 2002 Royaume Uni 2002 Italie 2002 Pays Bas 2003 Pologne 2003 Mexique 2003 Autriche 2003 Canada 2004 Suède 2004 Espagne 2004 * Pays non membre de l'OCDE.
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  • 172
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264105621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Innovation in the Knowledge Economy; Implications for Education and Learning (Hungarian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Today's "knowledge economies" are seeing the emergence of new paradigms for innovation and the advancement of knowledge in relation to economic activities. This report explores some key determinants of innovation and their implications for the advancement of knowledge in a particular sector – primary and secondary education. The analysis shows that there is considerable scope for certain drivers that have helped speed up innovation in other sectors to take effect in education. However, in practice, a number of basic characteristics of education systems have prevented innovation from changing this sector fundamentally. Nevertheless, educational policy makers can learn much from observing how innovation occurs and how sectors are transformed in the most knowledge intensive parts of the economy.
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  • 173
    ISBN: 9789264107717
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Information Exchange Meeting on the Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2 : 2003 : Argonne, Ill.) Nuclear production of hydrogen
    Keywords: Wasserstofftechnologie ; Kernenergie ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; Konferenzschrift ; Wasserstofferzeugung ; Kernreaktion
    Abstract: Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable source of energy in the 21st century. Present methods for producing hydrogen are mainly based on the reforming of fossil fuels with subsequent release of greenhouse gases. To avoid producing greenhouse gases, the possibility to use heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants to produce hydrogen by water cracking is being investigated. This report presents the state of the art in the nuclear production of hydrogen and describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with it.
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  • 174
    ISBN: 9789264016026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Basic studies in the field of high-temperature engineering
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Japan
    Abstract: In response to growing interest in high-temperature, gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) in many countries and the need for improved materials for nuclear applications in high-temperature environments, the NEA organised the Third Information Exchange Meeting on Basic Studies in the Field of High-temperature Engineering. The proceedings of this meeting provide an overview of high-temperature research currently under way, including studies on the behaviour of irradiated graphite and improvements in material properties under high-temperature irradiation. These proceedings also contain recommendations for further international work in the areas of high-temperature engineering.
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  • 175
    ISBN: 9789264016729
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Spain
    Abstract: As modern nuclear power programmes mature and large, commercial nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities approach the end of their useful life by reason of age, economics or change of policy on the use of nuclear power, new challenges associated with decommissioning and dismantling come to the fore. Politicians and the public may expect there to be a “right answer” to the choice of strategy for a particular type of facility, or even all facilities. Both this seminar and wider experience show that this is not the case. Local factors and national political positions have a significant input and often result in widely differing strategy approaches to broadly similar decommissioning projects. All facility owners represented at the seminar were able to demonstrate a rational process for strategy selection and compelling arguments for the choices made. In addition to the papers that were presented, these proceedings include a summary of the discussions that took place.
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  • 176
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264016989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (338 p.)
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.6
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Supervising Private Pensions: Institutions and Methods offers detailed and comparable information on the supervisory agencies, institutional design and methods in over 40 countries in the OECD area, Latin America, Eastern Europe and South-east Asia. It is a valuable and practical contribution for policy makers who wish to benefit from pension supervision experiences across countries.
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  • 177
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264021082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (432 p.)
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.7
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This book contains papers presenting overviews of various aspects of the Baltic insurance market along with papers examining specific policy issues. The latter include policy recommendations.
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  • 178
    ISBN: 9789264015937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: When preparing the safety case for a deep geological repository of radioactive waste, the integration of wide-ranging information from multidisciplinary sources is a complex task. This has provided the motivation for establishing AMIGO, an OECD/NEA international project on “Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case”. AMIGO is structured as a series of biannual topical workshops involving site characterisation and safety assessment practitioners with experience in both sedimentary and crystalline rock settings. The first AMIGO workshop was organised in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland on 3-5 June 2003. The main objective of the workshop was to exchange views on building confidence in analyses and arguments that support the safety case using multiple lines of evidence and integrating the work of geoscientists and safety assessors. These proceedings present the outcomes of this workshop.
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  • 179
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264225435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
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  • 180
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 3-30
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 32 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Opinion and the Fight against Poverty
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 3-30
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les enquêtes sur l’attitude de l’opinion publique envers la coopération au développement dans les pays de l’OCDE montrent que les citoyens souhaitent sans ambiguïté plus de solidarité et de justice dans le monde. Ils sont favorables à la coopération internationale pour le développement et ils seraient sans doute de précieux soutiens pour sa réforme et son amélioration s’ils étaient plus et mieux informés et s’ils pouvaient participer plus directement au débat politique. Les gouvernements, en particulier ceux qui se sont engagés à accroître leur APD, ont là une occasion d’amorcer un cercle vertueux de transparence et de réforme et de relever le défi de la lutte contre la pauvreté dans le monde...
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  • 181
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.384
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: Over the past decade, public expenditure in Slovakia was characterised by substantial social transfers and high public sector wage expenses. This paper analyses the main features of Slovakia’s public expenditure system, reviews expenditure trends, and discusses recent reform initiatives. The latter have concerned the introduction of medium-term budget projections, the switch towards performance-based budgeting, the limitation of extra-budgetary funds, the devolution of spending power to sub-central administrative units, changes to the public employment regime, and reforms of the social security system. These initiatives are critically assessed and a number of recommendations concerning implementation and further reform steps are developed ...
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  • 182
    ISBN: 9789264018327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: The OECD Territorial Review of Mexico City highlights the region’s great potential for further growth, which is linked to the concentration of headquarters, educational establishments and research facilities, as well as high levels of FDI and rich cultural resources. However, it also reveals that this growth is constrained by low levels of human capital, inadequate infrastructure and widespread, acute poverty. The current governance framework, characterised by modest co-operation, also remains a sticking point for the region’s development.
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  • 183
    ISBN: 9789264105355
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Iceland 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Iceland 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Iceland
    Abstract: C'est en décembre 1997 que l’Islande a signé, en compagnie de trente-trois autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE). En août 1998, l'Islande a été le premier pays à ratifier la Convention de l'OCDE et à déposer son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Islande pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par l’Islande lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par l’Islande des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 184
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.396
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on real exchange rates, as defined by the relative price of nontradables to tradables in Argentina, Brazil, Chile (ABC) and Mexico from 1990 to 2002. The real exchange rate is determined in the long-run by the Balassa-Samuelson effect, but in the medium run also by government expenditure and terms of trade. Another determinant is fixed exchange rate regimes, which force exporters to adjust their local price of tradables. Moreover, fixed regimes attract portfolio inflows that increase demand and prices for nontradables. The econometric results of the paper confirm the impact of exchange rate regimes on relative prices in all countries except Chile, which maintained exchange rate flexibly and adopted capital controls ...
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  • 185
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 95-128
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 36 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measures of Restrictions on Inward Foreign Direct Investment for OECD Countries
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 95-128
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ce document présente de nouvelles mesures des restrictions visant les investissements directs étrangers (IDE) dans les pays de l’OCDE. Différentes sortes de restrictions sont considérées : les limites de la participation étrangère, les procédures d’examen sélectif ou de notification, et les restrictions concernant la gestion et les opérations des entreprises. Ces restrictions sont calculées pour neuf secteurs et onze sous-secteurs, dont la plupart relèvent du domaine des services. Les données sont ensuite agrégées en une mesure composite pour l’économie dans son ensemble. Selon ces indicateurs agrégés, ces deux dernières décennies, et plus particulièrement les années 90, ont vu un assouplissement considérable des restrictions frappant l’IDE. Les pays de l’OCDE sont désormais généralement ouverts aux IDE, même s’il subsiste des différences importantes d’un pays et d’un secteur à l’autre. Les pays les plus ouverts sont à présent européens, du moins en ce qui concerne les restrictions statutaires. La majorité des restrictions restantes se trouvent dans les services. Il n’y a presque plus de restrictions légales dans le secteur manufacturier ...
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  • 186
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 119-140
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Développer une activité de recherche : Les défis qui attendent les retardataires et les nouveaux venus
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 1, p. 119-140
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across OECD countries, governments, policy makers and university managers are examining the future of higher education and questioning the role of educational research. These discussions are taking place against the backdrop that knowledge production and the contribution of higher education to the economy and the prestige and standing of nations is rapidly transforming the once benign higher education system into a competitive market place. Moreover, many governments believe the existing system of funding and/or organisation is no longer sustainable. Should research funding be spread equitably across many institutions or should only a few concentrate on research and the rest focus on teaching and training? If massification was a major force on higher education in OECD countries in the latter half of the 20th century, then competition driven in part by institutional research capacity is playing a similar role in the early 21st century. These forces are influencing in a very directive way how individual institutions are organising and managing themselves. This article looks at the specific challenges faced by new and emerging higher education institutions of growing research from a “fragile base”. In the process, their experiences raise wider questions for both higher education institutions and governments...
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  • 187
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper presents results from an on-going joint European Commission / OECD project, aimed at monitoring the direct influence of tax and benefit instruments on household incomes. The project uses and extends OECD tax-benefit models to compute a range of work incentive indicators such as marginal effective tax rates on earned income. This paper provides a methodological background describing these extensions. It also discusses the usefulness of a range of indicators such as net replacement rates and marginal effective tax rates and to what extent they can be used to quantify possible work disincentives. The approaches are illustrated using detailed tax-benefit calculations for 2001 and comparing relevant indicators across 15 EU and 8 non-EU countries. The results presented in this paper permit the identification of family circumstances where (1) financial incentives to increase work are either small or missing altogether; or (2) resources provided by social transfers may be ...
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  • 188
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.5
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Répondre aux préoccupations des pays en développement au sujet des mesures environnementales et sanitaires : Enseignements tirés des exemples nationaux
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This report represents the stock-taking of the lessons learned from a series of twenty OECD case studies which examined specific market access problems arising from environmental and health requirements faced by developing country exporters. Together with a series of UNCTAD case studies and the experiences exchanged at an OECD Global Forum on Trade workshop, held in New Delhi in November 2002, the focus is on the approaches that contributed to addressing the market access difficulties. These are divided into two sections: first, those addressing information flows and capacity building needs of developing-country exporters, undertaken both by governments and non-governmental organisations; and then the procedures in developing, implementing and reviewing regulations and standards. While covering a range of natural resource-based exports and manufactures and one traded service in key OECD import markets, no generalisation can be drawn regarding the scale of the market-access problems created by environmental and health requirements.
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  • 189
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Language: French
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. DAC Development Partnership Forum: Managing for Development Results and Aid Effectiveness
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 47-80
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cette section est consacrée au compte rendu du Forum des partenaires au développement organisé par le CAD sur le thème "Pour une gestion au service de résultats dans la voie du développement et de l'efficacité de l'aide" (tenu à Paris les 11 et 12 décembre 2002). L'objectif de cette manifestation était de permettre aux donneurs et aux partenaires de débattre des enseignements à tirer de l'expérience acquise concernant les réformes propres à favoriser un recentrage sur les résultats. Le rapport s'intéresse avant tout aux conséquences de cette volonté de résultat sur la gestion du secteur public, les méthodes de mesure et de notification, les obligations de comptes à l'égard du public et la coordination entre donneurs et partenaires...
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  • 190
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.8
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: A project aimed at presenting initial results from the implementation of the System of Health Accounts has been carried by the Health Policy Unit at the OECD and experts from thirteen member countries. The results are presented in the form of a comparative study (OECD Health Working Papers No. 16) and a set of OECD Health Technical Papers presenting individual country studies. This volume is the eighth in this series, presenting the Mexican SHA-based health accounts.
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  • 191
    Language: French
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analysis of Non-Tariff Measures: The Case of Prohibitions and Quotas
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: La présente étude, qui porte sur deux formes particulières de restrictions quantitatives, à savoir les interdictions d’importation et les contingents, s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion plus ample visant à mieux cerner la nature et la portée des mesures non tarifaires. Elle examine les informations relatives à ces mesures contenues dans les Examens des politiques commerciales de l’OMC, les notifications à l’OMC et divers autres rapports sur les échanges. Elle a pour objectif d’apporter sa contribution aux débats, notamment ceux concernant l’accès au marché des produits non agricoles, à l’OMC ou dans d’autres instances. L’étude a révélé que le recours aux contingents et aux prohibitions est moins souvent motivé par des raisons économiques, mais que la plupart des pays intègrent des interdictions à leurs cadres réglementaires afin de protéger la santé et la sécurité humaine ou l’environnement, tendance qui semble s’accentuer. Les négociants tireraient avantage de mesures plus transparentes à cet égard. Par ailleurs, il existe des interdictions d’importation qui entravent le commerce international des biens usagés et dont les particularités et la pertinence en termes d’efficacité réglementaire mériteraient d’être examinée de plus près.
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  • 192
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 109-131
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 109-131
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The Swiss Institute for Business Cycle Research regularly conducts business tendency surveys (BTS) amongst manufacturing firms. The information thus generated is available with a publication lead to the official Swiss sales, production, order and inventory statistics. It is shown that the survey data can be used to generate reasonably precise estimates of the reference series with leads of at least one quarter. Specifically, cross-correlations of quarterly series are computed to screen the data for pairs of highly correlated business tendency survey series and corresponding official statistics. All pairs are identified where the maximum correlation shows up simultaneously or with a lead of the survey based series and exceeds a given threshold...
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  • 193
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Innovative School Revisited: Leith Academy and the Projects that Followed
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: En 1995, le PEB a publié une étude de cas sur l’Académie de Leith, au Royaume-Uni. L’article suivant examine la conception originale de l’Académie, la façon dont les bâtiments ont rempli leur rôle pendant leurs 13 années d’existence et leur influence sur les conceptions suivantes.
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  • 194
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 9-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement et la recherche : Quelques questions fondamentales
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 16, no. 2, p. 9-18
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper assesses some of the framework issues, of policy and provision, which affect the connections between teaching and research in higher education. The presumption of an essential linkage between research and teaching has in recent years been eroded by the sheer quantities of the system. In spite of the enduring appeal of the Humboldtian model, it was not always assumed in the UK and is not assumed in many other systems. The arguments for and against the connection are noted and assessed. The arguments in favour are mainly in terms of the advantages to research; and arguments from teaching are more ...
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  • 195
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2004/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Patent indicators – within the science and technology (S&T) context – are used to measure inventive performance, diffusion of knowledge and internationalisation of innovative activities – across countries, firms, industries, technology areas, etc. A common approach is to calculate patent indicators based on information (filings, grants, etc.) from a particular patent office. While the richness and strength of those indicators are broadly recognised, they are affected by “home” advantage bias – where proportionate to their inventive activity, domestic applicants tend to file more patents in their home country compared to foreign applicants. Patents taken in various countries to protect inventions can be linked together to build triadic patent families: a set of patents taken at the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that share one or more priorities. Patent families are derived from priority application ...
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  • 196
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Technical Papers no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents the consensus recommendations of an international expert panel on indicators for patient safety. Using a structured review process, the panel set out to select indicators to cover the five key areas: areas hospital-acquired infections, sentinel events, operative and postoperative complications, obstetrics, and other care related adverse events...
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  • 197
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 47-81
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Language: French
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Funding of Public Research and Development: Trends and Changes
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 3, no. 4, p. 47-81
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Cet article présente les tendances et pratiques actuelles en matière de financement public de la R-D. Il a été rédigé à partir d’une étude exécutée dans le cadre de la Direction de la science, de la technologie et de l’industrie de l’OCDE. Cette étude avait comme sujet différents aspects de la gouvernance de la recherche publique, ainsi que les structures des systèmes scientifique, la définition des priorités, le financement de la recherche et la gestion des ressources humaines1. L’article dresse un tableau des structures et...
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  • 198
    Language: French
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2004/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Science and Technology Facilities
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Les quatre articles ci-dessous concernent les infrastructures pour les sciences et la technologie dans les établissements secondaires et tertiaires. Le premier article présente une vision de l’enseignement des sciences à l’école et illustre l’espace idéal pour une zone des sciences pour le niveau secondaire. Le second expose le travail en cours pour améliorer le Complexe des sciences à l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Le troisième décrit un centre de formation professionnelle de niveau secondaire dédié aux nouvelles technologies au Québec. Le quatrième article rend compte d’une visite dans une école australienne spécialisée dans les sciences et les mathématiques.
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  • 199
    ISBN: 9789264105331
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Germany 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Germany 2003
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: C'est en décembre 1997 que l'Allemagne a signé, en compagnie de trente-trois autres pays, la Convention sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers dans les transactions commerciales internationales (la Convention de l'OCDE). L'Allemagne a transposé la Convention dans son droit interne en promulguant la Loi sur la lutte contre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers. À la suite de l'adoption de cette loi, l'Allemagne a été le troisième pays à avoir ratifié la Convention de l'OCDE et elle a déposé son instrument de ratification auprès de l'OCDE en novembre 1998. Sont étudiées dans ce rapport les dispositions juridiques et les institutions en place en Allemagne pour combattre la corruption d'agents publics étrangers et mesurer l'efficacité de ce dispositif. On y examine les mécanismes introduits tant au sein des administrations publiques que dans le secteur privé pour prévenir et détecter des faits de corruption d'agents publics étrangers. Ce rapport traite aussi de l'efficacité des mécanismes d’enquête et de poursuite de l’infraction de corruption étrangère et des infractions connexes notamment en matière de fraude et de blanchiment d'argent. Le rapport se termine avec des recommandations spécifiques, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la prévention et la détection que les poursuites et les sanctions appliquées en pratique. On y trouvera également les prescriptions juridiques essentielles destinées à dissuader, prévenir et combattre la corruption telles qu’elles ont été communiquées par l'Allemagne lors du processus d’examen. L’examen de la mise en œuvre par l'Allemagne des dispositions anti-corruption de l’OCDE entre dans le cadre d’un mandat plus large du Groupe de travail de l’OCDE sur la corruption dans le cadre de transactions commerciales internationales. Ce groupe est chargé d’une surveillance et d’un suivi systématiques et détaillés de l’ensemble des pays signataires de la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption étrangère. Jusqu’ici, le Groupe de travail a examiné l’application et la mise en œuvre de la Convention en Bulgarie, en Finlande, en Allemagne, en Islande et aux États-Unis. D’ici 2007, les examens des 30 autres pays seront réalisés.
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  • 200
    ISBN: 9789264084971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des Principes de BPL aux études in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this document is to facilitate the proper application and interpretation of the GLP Principles for the organisation and management of in vitro studies, and to provide guidance for the appropriate application of the GLP Principles to in vitro studies, both for test facilities (management, QA, study director and personnel), and for national GLP compliance monitoring authorities. This Advisory Document intends to provide such additional interpretation of the Principles and guidance for their application to in vitro studies carried out for regulatory purposes. It is organised in such a way as to provide easy reference to the GLP Principles by following the sequence of the different parts of these GLP Principles.
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